iapt-platform
/
mint
zrkadlo https://github.com/iapt-platform/mint.git


			
				
					
						
						
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<p class="centered"> Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa</p>
<p class="book">Saddanītippakaraṇaṃ (padamālā)</p>
<p class="subsubhead">Ganthārambhakathā</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dhīrehi <a name="M0.0001"></a> magganāyena, yena buddhena desitaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sitaṃ dhammamidhaññāya, ñāyate amataṃ padaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Taṃ namitvā mahāvīraṃ, sabbaññuṃ lokanāyakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mahākāruṇikaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, visuddhaṃ suddhidāyakaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saddhammañcassa pūjetvā, suddhaṃ santamasaṅkhataṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atakkāvacaraṃ suṭṭhu, vibhattaṃ madhuraṃ sivaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saṅghassa ca’ñjaliṃ katvā, puññakkhettassa tādino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sīlasamādhipaññādi-visuddhaguṇajotino.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Namassanādipuññassa, katassa ratanattaye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tejasāhaṃ pahantvāna, antarāye asesato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Lokanītiviyattassa, satthu saddhammanītino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sāsanatthaṃ pavakkhāmi, <span class="bld">saddanīti</span>manākulaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Āsavakkhayalābhena, hoti sāsanasampadā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Āsavakkhayalābho ca, saccādhigamahetuko.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saccādhigamanaṃ <a name="M0.0002"></a> tañca, paṭipattissitaṃ mataṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paṭipatti ca sā kāmaṃ, pariyattiparāyaṇā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pariyattābhiyuttānaṃ, viditvā saddalakkhaṇaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yasmā na hoti sammoho, akkharesu padesu ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yasmā cāmohabhāvena, akkharesu padesu ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pāḷiyatthaṃ vijānanti, viññū sugatasāsane.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pāḷiyatthāvabodhena, yoniso satthusāsane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sappaññā paṭipajjanti, paṭipattimatandikā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yoniso paṭipajjitvā, dhammaṃ lokuttaraṃ varaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pāpuṇanti visuddhāya, sīlādipaṭipattiyā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā tadatthikā suddhaṃ, nayaṃ nissāya viññunaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhaññamānaṃ mayā <span class="bld">sadda-nītiṃ</span> gaṇhantu sādhukaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dhātu dhātūhi nipphanna-rūpāni ca salakkhaṇo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sandhināmādibhedo ca, padānaṃ tu vibhatti ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pāḷinayādayocceva-mettha nānappakārato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sāsanassopakārāya, bhavissati vibhāvanā.</p>
<p class="chapter">1. Savikaraṇākhyātavibhāga</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">dhātū</span>ti kenaṭṭhena dhātu? Sakatthampi dhāretīti dhātu, atthātisayayogato paratthampi dhāretīti dhātu, vīsatiyā upasaggesu yena kenaci upasaggena atthavisesakāraṇena paṭibaddhā atthavisesampi dhāretīti dhātu, ‘‘ayaṃ imissā attho, ayamito paccayo paro’’tiādinā anekappakārena paṇḍitehi dhāriyati esātipi dhātu, vidahanti viduno etāya saddanipphattiṃ ayalohādimayaṃ <a name="M0.0003"></a> ayalohādidhātūhi viyātipi dhātu. Evaṃ tāva <span class="bld">dhātu</span>saddassattho veditabbo.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Dhātu</span>saddo jinamate, itthiliṅgattane mato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Satthe pulliṅgabhāvasmiṃ, kaccāyanamate dvisu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā jinamate ‘‘tato gotamidhātūnī’’ti ettha <span class="bld">dhātu</span>saddo liṅgavipallāse vattati ‘‘pabbatāni vanāni cā’’ti ettha <span class="bld">pabbata</span>saddo viya, na panettha vattabbaṃ ‘‘aṭṭhivācakattā napuṃsakaniddeso’’ti aṭṭhivācakattepi ‘‘dhātuyo’’ti itthiliṅgadassanato. Bhūvādayo saddā dhātavo. Seyyathidaṃ? Bhū i ku ke takka taka taki sukaiccādayo. Gaṇato te aṭṭhavidhā bhūvādigaṇo rudhādigaṇo divādigaṇo svādigaṇo kiyādigaṇo gahādigaṇo tanādigaṇo curādigaṇo cāti. Idāni tesaṃ vikaraṇasaññite paccaye dassessāma. Anekavidhā hi paccayā nānappakāresu nāmanāma kitanāma samāsanāma taddhitanāmākhyātesu pavattanato. Saṅkhepato pana duvidhāva nāmapaccayo ākhyātapaccayo cāti. Tatrāpi ākhyātapaccayā duvidhā vikaraṇapaccayanovikaraṇapaccayavasena. Tattha vikaraṇapaccayo <span class="bld">a</span>kārādisattarasavidho aggahitaggahaṇena pannarasavidho ca. Novikaraṇapaccayo pana <span class="bld">kha cha sā</span>dinekavidho. Ye rūpanipphattiyā upakārakā atthavisesassa jotakā vā ajotakā vā lopanīyā vā alopanīyā vā, te saddā paccayā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Paṭicca kāraṇaṃ taṃ taṃ, entīti <span class="bld">paccayā</span>tha vā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paṭicca saddanipphatti, ito etīti paccayā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nāmikappaccayānaṃ <a name="M0.0004"></a> yo, vibhāgo āvi hessati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nāmakappe yato tasmā, na taṃ vitthārayāmase.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yo novikaraṇānaṃ tu, paccayānaṃ vibhāgato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">So panākhyātakappamhi, vitthārenā’gamissatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iccānekavidhesu paccayesu ‘‘vikaraṇapaccayā nāma ime’’ti sallakkhetabbā. Kathaṃ? Bhūvādigaṇato <span class="bld">a</span>paccayo hoti kattari, rudhādigaṇato <span class="bld">akārivaṇṇekārokāra</span>paccayā honti kattari, pubbamajjhaṭṭhāne niggahītāgamo ca, divādigaṇato <span class="bld">ya</span>paccayo hoti kattari, svādigaṇato <span class="bld">ṇu ṇā uṇā</span>paccayā honti kattari, kiyādigaṇato <span class="bld">nā</span>paccayo hoti kattari, gahādigaṇato <span class="bld">ppa ṇhā</span>paccayā honti kattari, tanādigaṇato <span class="bld">o yira</span>paccayā honti kattari, curādigaṇato <span class="bld">ṇe ṇaya</span>paccayā honti kattari.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">A</span>kāro ca <span class="bld">i</span>vaṇṇo ca, <span class="bld">e</span> okārā ca <span class="bld">yo</span> tathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Ṇu ṇā uṇā</span> ca <span class="bld">nā ppa ṇhā-yirā ṇe ṇaya</span>paccayā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Aggahitaggahaṇena, evaṃ pannarase’ritā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vikaraṇavhayā ete, paccayāti vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ye evaṃ niddiṭṭhehi vikaraṇapaccayehi tadaññehi ca sappaccayā aṭṭhavidhā dhātugaṇā suttantesu bahūpakārā, tesvāyaṃ <span class="bld">bhūvādigaṇo. Bhū</span> sattāyaṃ, <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātu vijjamānatāyaṃ vattati. Sakammikākammikāsu dhātūsu ayaṃ akammikā dhātu, na pana ‘‘dhammabhūto’’tiādīsu pattiatthavācikā aparā <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātu viya sakammikā. Esā hi <span class="bld">pariabhi</span>ādīhi upasaggehi yuttāyeva sakammikā bhavati, na <span class="bld">upa parā pātu</span>ādīhi upasagganipātehi yuttāpi. Ato imissā siddhāni rūpāni dvidhā ñeyyāni akammakapadāni sakammakapadāni cāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Suddhakattukriyāpadaniddesa</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra <a name="M0.0005"></a> bhavati ubbhavati samubbhavati pabhavati parābhavati sambhavati vibhavati, bhoti sambhoti vibhoti pātubhavati pātubbhavati pātubhoti, imāni akammakapadāni. Ettha <span class="bld">pātu</span>iti nipāto, so ‘‘āvibhavati tirobhavatī’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">āvi tiro</span>nipātā viya <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātuto nipphannākhyātasaddassa neva visesakaro, na ca sakammakattasādhako. <span class="bld">U</span>iccādayo upasaggā, te pana visesakarā, na sakammakattasādhakā. Yesamattho kammena sambandhanīyo na hoti, tāni padāni <span class="bld">akammakāni</span>. Akammakapadānaṃ yathārahaṃ sakammakākammakavasena attho kathetabbo. Paribhoti paribhavati, abhibhoti abhibhavati, adhibhoti adhibhavati, atibhoti atibhavati, anubhoti anubhavati, samanubhoti samanubhavati, abhisambhoti abhisambhavati, imāni sakammakapadāni. Ettha <span class="bld">pari</span>iccādayo upasaggā, te <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātuto nipphannākhyātasaddassa visesakarā ceva sakammakattasādhakā ca. Yesamattho kammena sambandhanīyo, tāni padāni <span class="bld">sakammakāni</span>. Sakammakapadānaṃ sakammakavasena attho kathetabbo, kvaci akammakavasenapi. Evaṃ suddhakattukriyāpadāni bhavanti. Uddesoyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra <span class="bld">bhavatī</span>ti hoti vijjati paññāyati sarūpaṃ labhati. <span class="bld">Ubbhavatī</span>ti uppajjati sarūpaṃ labhati. <span class="bld">Samubbhavatī</span>ti samuppajjati sarūpaṃ labhati. <span class="bld">Pabhavatī</span>ti hoti sambhavati. Atha vā <span class="bld">pabhavatī</span>ti yato kutoci sandati, na vicchijjati, avicchinnaṃ hoti, taṃ taṃ ṭhānaṃ visarati. <span class="bld">Parābhavatī</span>ti parābhavo hoti byasanaṃ āpajjati avuddhiṃ pāpuṇāti. <span class="bld">Sambhavatī</span>ti suṭṭhu bhavati vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjati. <span class="bld">Vibhavatī</span>ti ucchijjati vinassati vipajjati, visesato vā bhavati sampajjati. <span class="bld">Bhoti sambhoti vibhotī</span>ti imāni ‘‘bhavati <a name="M0.0006"></a> sambhavati vibhavatī’’ti imehi yathākkamaṃ samānaniddesāni. <span class="bld">Pātubhavatī</span>ti pakāsati dissati paññāyati pākaṭaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Pātubbhavati pātubhotī</span>ti imāni ‘‘pātubhavatī’’ti iminā samānaniddesāni. Evaṃ akammakapadānaṃ yathārahaṃ sakammakākammakavasena atthakathanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evamuttaratrāpi aññesampi akammakapadānaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paribhoti</span>dukādīsu pana sattasu dukesu yathākkamaṃ dve dve padāni samānatthāni, tasmā dve dve padāniyeva gahetvā niddisissāma. Tatra <span class="bld">paribhoti paribhavatī</span>ti paraṃ hiṃsati pīḷeti, atha vā hīḷeti avajānāti. <span class="bld">Abhibhoti abhibhavatī</span>ti paraṃ ajjhottharati maddati. <span class="bld">Adhibhoti adhibhavatī</span>ti paraṃ abhimadditvā bhavati attano vasaṃ vattāpeti. <span class="bld">Atibhoti atibhavatī</span>ti paraṃ atikkamitvā bhavati. <span class="bld">Anubhoti anubhavatī</span>ti sukhadukkhaṃ vedeti paribhuñjati sukhadukkhapaṭisaṃvedī hoti. <span class="bld">Samanubhoti samanubhavatī</span>ti sukhadukkhaṃ suṭṭhu vedeti suṭṭhu paribhuñjati suṭṭhu sukhadukkhapaṭisaṃvedī hoti. <span class="bld">Abhisambhoti abhisambhavatī</span>ti paraṃ ajjhottharati maddati. Evaṃ sakammakapadānaṃ sakammakavasena atthakathanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Katthaci pana gacchatīti pavattatīti evaṃ akammakavasenapi. Evamuttaratrāpi aññesaṃ sakammakapadānaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">A</span>paccayo paro hoti, bhūvādigaṇato sati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Suddhakattukriyākhyāne, sabbadhātukanissite.</p>
<p class="centered">Ayaṃ suddhakattukriyāpadānaṃ niddeso.</p>
<p class="subhead">Hetukattukriyāpadaniddesa</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhāveti vibhāvetisambhāveti paribhāveti, evaṃ hetukattukriyāpadāni bhavanti. Ekakammakavasenesamattho gahetabbo<a name="M0.0007"></a>. Pacchimassa pana dvikammakavasenapi. Paribhāvāpeti abhibhāvāpeti anubhāvāpeti, evampi hetukattukriyāpadāni bhavanti. Dvikammakavasenesamattho gahetabbo. Iccevaṃ dvidhā hetukattukriyāpadāni ñeyyāni, aññānipi gahetabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra <span class="bld">bhāvetī</span>ti puggalo bhāvetabbaṃ yaṃ kiñci bhāveti āsevati bahulīkaroti, atha vā <span class="bld">bhāvetī</span>ti vaḍḍheti. <span class="bld">Vibhāvetī</span>ti bhāvetabbaṃ yaṃ kiñci vibhāveti visesena bhāveti, vividhena vā ākārena bhāveti bhāvayati vaḍḍheti, atha vā <span class="bld">vibhāvetī</span>ti abhāveti antaradhāpeti. <span class="bld">Sambhāvetī</span>ti yassa kassaci guṇaṃ sambhāveti sambhāvayati suṭṭhu pakāseti ukkaṃseti. <span class="bld">Paribhāvetī</span>ti paribhāvetabbaṃ yaṃ kiñci paribhāveti paribhāvayati samantato vaḍḍheti. Evaṃ ekakammakavasenattho gahetabbo. Atha vā <span class="bld">paribhāvetī</span>ti vāsetabbaṃ vatthuṃ paribhāveti paribhāvayati vāseti gandhaṃ gāhāpeti. <span class="bld">E</span>vaṃ dvikammakavasenāpi attho gahetabbo. <span class="bld">Paribhāvāpetī</span>ti puggalo puggalena sapattaṃ paribhāvāpeti hiṃsāpeti, atha vā <span class="bld">paribhāvāpetī</span>ti hīḷāpeti avajānāpeti. <span class="bld">Abhibhāvāpetī</span>ti puggalo puggalena sapattaṃ abhibhāvāpeti ajjhottharāpeti. <span class="bld">Anubhāvāpetī</span>ti puggalo puggalena sampattiṃ anubhāvāpeti paribhojeti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Payutto kattunā yoge, ṭhitoyevāppadhāniye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kriyaṃ sādheti etassa, dīpakaṃ sāsane padaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Karaṇavacanaṃyeva, yebhuyyena padissati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ākhyāte kāritaṭṭhānaṃ, sandhāya kathitaṃ idaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Na <a name="M0.0008"></a> nāme kāritaṭṭhānaṃ, ‘‘bodhetā’’ itiādikaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha2">‘‘Sunakhehipi khādāpenti’’, iccādīni padāni ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Āharitvāna dīpeyya, payogakusalo budho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatridaṃ karaṇavacanaṃ kammatthadīpakaṃ, upayogasāmivacanānipi taddīpakāni yojetabbāni. Kathaṃ? <span class="bld">Paribhāvāpetī</span>ti puggalo puggalaṃ sapattaṃ paribhāvāpetīti, tathā <span class="bld">paribhāvāpetī</span>ti puggalo puggalassa sapattaṃ paribhāvāpetīti. Sesāni nayānusārena niddisitabbāni. Evaṃ sabbānetāni karaṇopayogasāmivacanāni kammatthadīpakāniyeva honti, tasmā dvikammakavasenattho gahetabbo.</p>
<p class="centered">Ayaṃ hetukattukriyāpadānaṃ niddeso.</p>
<p class="subhead">Kammakriyāpadaniddesa</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhaviyate vibhaviyate paribhaviyate abhibhaviyate anubhaviyate paribhūyate abhibhūyate anubhūyate, evaṃ kammuno kriyāpadāni bhavanti. Aññathā ca bhaviyyate vibhaviyyate paribhaviyyate abhibhaviyyate anubhaviyyate paribhuyyate abhibhuyyate anubhuyyateti. Ettha kammuno kriyāpadāniyeva kammakattuno kriyāpadāni katvā yojetabbāni. Visuñhi kammakattuno kriyāpadāni na labbhanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra <span class="bld">bhaviyate</span>ti bhāvetabbaṃ yaṃ kiñci puggalena bhāviyate āseviyate bahulīkariyate, atha vā <span class="bld">bhaviyate</span>ti vaḍḍhiyate. <span class="bld">Vibhaviyate</span>ti vibhāvetabbaṃ yaṃ kiñci puggalena vibhaviyate visesena bhaviyate, vividhena <a name="M0.0009"></a> vā ākārena bhaviyate vaḍḍhiyate, atha vā <span class="bld">vibhaviyate</span>ti abhaviyate antaradhāpiyate. <span class="bld">Paribhaviyate</span>ti sapatto puggalena paribhaviyate hiṃsiyate, atha vā <span class="bld">paribhaviyate</span>ti hīḷiyate avajāniyate. <span class="bld">Abhibhaviyate</span>ti sapatto puggalena abhibhaviyate ajjhotthariyate abhimaddiyate. <span class="bld">Anubhaviyate</span>ti sampatti puggalena anubhaviyate paribhuñjiyate. <span class="bld">Paribhūyate</span>tiādīni tīṇi ‘‘paribhaviyate’’tiādīhi tīhi samānaniddesāni. Sesāni pana yathāvuttehi yaṃ kammameva padhānato gahetvā niddisiyati padaṃ, taṃ kammatthadīpakaṃ. Tasmā kattari ekavacanena niddiṭṭhepi yadi kammaṃ bahuvacanavasena vattabbaṃ, bahuvacanantaññeva kammuno kriyāpadaṃ dissati. Yadi panekavacanavasena vattabbaṃ, ekavacanantaññeva. Tathā kattari bahuvacanena niddiṭṭhepi yadi kammaṃ ekavacanavasena vattabbaṃ, ekavacanantaññeva kammuno kriyāpadaṃ dissati. Yadi pana bahuvacanavasena vattabbaṃ, bahuvacanantaññeva. Kathaṃ? Bhikkhunā dhammo bhaviyate, bhikkhunā dhammā bhaviyante, bhikkhūhi dhammo bhaviyate, bhikkhūhi dhammā bhaviyanteti. Iminā nayena sabbattha kammuno kriyāpadesu vohāro kātabbo. Yasmiṃ pana kammuno kriyāpade kammatthadīpake kammabhūtassevatthassa kattubhāvaparikappo hoti, taṃ kammakattutthadīpakaṃ, taṃ kammuno kriyāpadato visuṃ na labbhati. Ayaṃ panettha atthaviññāpane payogaracanā. Sayameva paribhaviyate dubbhāsitaṃ bhaṇaṃ bālo tappaccayā aññehi paribhūtopi, sayameva abhibhaviyate pāpakārī niraye nirayapālehi abhibhūtopi tathārūpassa kammassa sayaṃ katattāti. Ettha hi sayameva pīyate pānīyaṃ, sayameva kaṭo kariyatetiādīsu viya <a name="M0.0010"></a> sukhābhisaṅkharaṇīyatā labbhateva, tato kammakattutā ca.</p>
<p class="centered">Ayaṃ kammuno kriyāpadānaṃ niddeso.</p>
<p class="subhead">Bhāvakriyāpadaniddesa</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhūyate bhaviyate ubbhaviyate, evaṃ bhāvassa kriyāpadāni bhavanti. Aññathā ca bhuyyate bhaviyyate ubbhaviyyateti. Tatra yathā <span class="bld">ṭhīyate</span>padassa ṭhānanti bhāvavasena atthakathanamicchanti, evaṃ bhūyatetiādīnampi bhavanantiādinā bhāvavasena atthakathanamicchitabbaṃ. Yathā ca ṭhānaṃ ṭhiti bhavanantiādīhi bhāvavācakakitantanāmapadehi saddhiṃ sambandhe chaṭṭhiyojanamicchanti, na tathā ṭhīyate bhūyatetiādīhi bhāvavācakākhyātapadehi saddhiṃ sambandhe chaṭṭhiyojanā icchitabbā sambandhe pavattachaṭṭhiyantasaddehi asambandhanīyattā ākhyātikapadānaṃ. Yasmiṃ payoge yaṃ kammuno kriyāpadena samānagatikaṃ katvā vinā kammena niddisiyati kriyāpadaṃ, kattuvācakapadaṃ pana paccattavacanena vā karaṇavacanena vā niddisiyati, taṃ tattha bhāvatthadīpakaṃ. Na hi sabbathā kattāramanissāya bhāvo pavattati. Evaṃ santepi bhāvo nāma kevalo bhavanalavanapacanādiko dhātuatthoyeva. Akkharacintakā pana ‘‘ṭhīyate bhūyate’’tiādīsu bhāvavisayesu karaṇavacanameva payuñjanti ‘‘nanu nāma pabbajitena sunivatthena bhavitabbaṃ supārutena ākappasampannenā’’tiādīsu viya, tasmā tesaṃ mate ‘‘tena ubbhaviyate’’ti karaṇavacanena yojetabbaṃ. Jinamatena pana ‘‘so bhūyate’’tiādinā paccattavacaneneva. <span class="bld">Saccasaṅkhepa</span>ppakaraṇe hi dhammapālācariyena, <span class="bld">niddesapāḷiyaṃ</span> pana dhammasenāpatinā, <span class="bld">dhajaggasuttante</span> bhagavatā ca bhāvapadaṃ paccattavacanāpekkhavasenu’ccāritaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kathito <a name="M0.0011"></a> saccasaṅkhepe, paccattavacanena ve,</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Bhūyate’’ iti saddassa, sambandho bhāvadīpano.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Niddesapāḷiyaṃ ‘‘rūpaṃ, vibhoti vibhaviyyati’’;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Iti dassanato vāpi, paccattavacanaṃ thiraṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tathā dhajaggasuttante, munināhaccabhāsite;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘So pahīyissati’’ iti, pāḷidassanatopi ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pāramitānubhāvena, mahesīnaṃva dehato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Santi nipphādanā, neva, sakkatādivaco viya.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Paccattadassaneneva, purisattayayojanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Ekavacanikañcāpi, bahuvacanikampi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kātabbamiti no khanti, parassapadaādike.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmā rūpaṃ vibhaviyyati, rūpāni vibhaviyyanti, tvaṃ vibhaviyyasi, tumhe vibhaviyyatha, ahaṃ vibhaviyyāmi, mayaṃ vibhaviyyāma, rūpaṃ vibhaviyyate, rūpāni vibhaviyyante iccevamādi jinavacanānurūpato yojetabbaṃ. Atrāyaṃ padasodhanā –</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Vibhaviyyatī</span>ti idaṃ, kammapadasamānakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na ca kammapadaṃ nāpi, kammakattupadādikaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yadi kammapadaṃ etaṃ, paccattavacanaṃ pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kammaṃ dīpeyya karaṇa-vacanaṃ kattudīpakaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yadi kammakattupadaṃ, ‘‘pīyate’’ti padaṃ viya;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Siyā sakammakaṃ, netaṃ, tathā hotīti dīpaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yadi kattupadaṃ etaṃ, <span class="bld">vibhavati</span>padaṃ viya;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vinā <span class="bld">ya</span>paccayaṃ tiṭṭhe, na tathā tiṭṭhate idaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Na kattari bhuvādīnaṃ, gaṇe <span class="bld">ya</span>paccayo ruto;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Divādīnaṃ gaṇeyeva, kattari samudīrito.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Na <a name="M0.0012"></a> <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātu divādīnaṃ, dhātūnaṃ dissate gaṇe;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhūvādikacurādīnaṃ, gaṇesuyeva dissati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vibhaviyyati’’ iccādo, tasmā <span class="bld">ya</span>paccayo pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhāveyevāti viññeyyaṃ, viññunā samayaññunā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ettha hi pākaṭaṃ katvā, bhāvakārakalakkhaṇaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dassayissāmahaṃ dāni, sakkaccaṃ me nibodhatha.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tisso gacchati’’iccatra, kattāraṃ kattuno padaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Dhammo desiyati’’ccatra, kammaṃ tu kammuno padaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sarūpato pakāseti, tasmā te pākaṭā ubho;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tathā vibhaviyyatīti-ādibhāvapadaṃ pana.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sarūpato na dīpeti, kārakaṃ bhāvanāmakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dabbabhūtaṃ tu kattāraṃ, pakāseti sarūpato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kattāraṃ pana dīpentaṃ, kattusannissitampi taṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhāvaṃ dīpeti svākāro, paccayena vibhāvito.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yasmā ca kattubhāvena, bhāvo nāma na tiṭṭhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kattāva kattubhāvena, bhāvaṭṭhāne ṭhito tato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yajjevaṃ kattuvohāro, bhāvassa tu kathaṃ siyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Sāvakānaṃ sannipāto, ahosi’’itiādisu.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Iti ce nissayānaṃ tu, vasā nissitasambhavā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kattuṭṭhānepi bhāvassa, kattupaññatti sijjhati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kārake kattukammavhe, kriyāsannissaye yathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dhārentī āsanathālī, kriyādhāroti kappitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tathā bhāvapadaṃ dhīrā, kattāraṃ bhāvanissayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dīpayantampi kappenti, bhāvassa vācakaṃ iti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Keci <a name="M0.0013"></a> adabbabhūtassa, bhāvassekattato bravuṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhāvedekavacovādi-purisasseva hotiti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pāḷiṃ patvāna tesaṃ tu, vacanaṃ appamāṇakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Te saṃkilesikā dhammā, pahīyissanti’’ iti hi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pāṭho pāvacane diṭṭho, tasmā evaṃ vademase;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paccattadassaneneva, purisattayayojanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vacanehi yutaṃ dvīhi, icchitabbanti no ruci;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Bhāve kriyāpadaṃ nāma, pāḷiyaṃ atiduddasaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā taggahaṇūpāyo, vutto ettāvatā mayāti.</p>
<p class="centered">Ayaṃ bhāvassa kriyāpadānaṃ niddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ suddhakattukriyāpadāni hetukattukriyāpadāni kammuno kriyāpadāni, bhāvassa kriyāpadāni cāti catudhā, kammakattukriyāpadehi vā pañcadhā <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātuto nipphannāni kriyāpadāni nānappakārena niddiṭṭhāni, etāni lokiyānaṃ bhāvabhedavasena vohārabhedo hotīti dassanatthaṃ visuṃ visuṃ vuttāni. Atthato pana kammakattubhāvakārakattayavasena tividhāneva. Hetukattā hi suddhakattusaṅkhāte kārake tassaṅgabhāvato saṅgahamupagacchati, tathā kammakattā kammakārake, bhāvo pana kevalo. So hi gamanapacanalavanādivasenānekavidhopi kriyāsabhāvattā bhedarahito kārakantaro. Evaṃ santepi dabbasannissitattā dabbabhedena bhijjati. Tena pāvacane bhāvavācakaṃ padaṃ bahuvacanantampi dissati. Ākhyātikapade bhāvakārakavohāro niruttinayaṃ nissāya gato, atthato pana bhāvassa kārakatā nupapajjati. So hi na <a name="M0.0014"></a> kiñci janeti, na ca kriyāya nimittaṃ. Kriyānimittabhāvoyeva hi kārakalakkhaṇaṃ. Iti mukhyato vā hetuto vā bhāvassa kārakatā na labbhati. Evaṃ santepi so karaṇamattattā kārakaṃ. Tathā hi karaṇaṃ kāro, kriyā, tadeva kārakanti bhāvassa kārakatā daṭṭhabbā. Yasmā pana kriyānimittabhāvoyeva kārakalakkhaṇaṃ, tasmā nāmikapade kārakalakkhaṇe bhāvakārakanti vohāraṃ pahāya kattukammakaraṇasampadānāpādānādhikaraṇānaṃ channaṃ vatthūnaṃ kattukārakakammakārakantiādi vohāro kariyati veyyākaraṇehi. Evaṃ niruttinayaṃ nissāya vuttaṃ bhāvakārakañca dve ca kammakattukārakānīti kārakattayaṃ bhavati. Taddīpakañcākhyātikapadaṃ tikārakaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Imamatthañhi sandhāya, vuttamācariyehipi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mahāveyyākaraṇehi, niruttinayadassibhi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yaṃ tikālaṃ tipurisaṃ, kriyāvāci tikārakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atiliṅgaṃ dvivacanaṃ, tadākhyātanti vuccatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idha bhāvakammesu attanopaduppattiṃ keci akkharacintakā avassamicchantīti tesaṃ mativibhāvanatthamamhehi bhāvakammānaṃ kriyāpadāni attanopadavasenuddiṭṭhāni ceva niddiṭṭhāni ca. Sabbānipi panetāni tikārakāni kriyāpadāni kriyāpadamālamicchatā parassapadattanopadavasena yojetabbāni. Pāḷiādīsu hi tikārakāni kriyāpadāni parassapadattanopadavasena dvidhā ṭhitāni. Seyyathidaṃ? Bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Samādhijjhānakusalā, vandanti lokanāyakaṃ. Monaṃ vuccati ñāṇaṃ. Atthābhisamayā dhīro, paṇḍitoti pavuccati. Kathaṃ paṭipannassa puggalassa rūpaṃ vibhoti vibhaviyyati. So <a name="M0.0015"></a> pahīyissati. Paṇḍukambale nikkhittaṃ bhāsate tapate. Pūjako labhate pūjaṃ. Puttakāmā thiyo yācaṃ, labhante tādisaṃ sutaṃ. Asito tādi vuccate sabrahmā. Aggijādi pubbeva bhūyate. So pahīyethāpi no pahīyethāti evaṃ dvidhā ṭhitāni. Atridaṃ pāḷivavatthānaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tikārakāni sabbāni, kriyāpadāni pāyato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Parassapadayogena, dissanti piṭakattaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Attanopadayuttāni, cuṇṇiyesu padesu hi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atīvappāni gāthāsu, padānīti bahūni tu.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Gāthāsu cevitarāni, cuṇṇiyesu padesu ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Subahūneva hutvāna, dissantīti pakāsaye.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Padānaṃ niddeso panati antiādīnaṃ tesaṃ tesaṃ vacanānamanurūpena yojetabbo. Evaṃ tikārakakriyāpadāni sarūpato vavatthānato niddesato ca veditabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni nopasaggākammikādivasena bhavatissa dhātussa vinicchayaṃ vadāma –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nopasaggā akammā ca, sopasaggā akammikā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sopasaggā sakammā ca, iti <span class="bld">bhū</span>ti vibhāvitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Idaṃ tu vacanaṃ ‘‘dhamma-bhūto bhutvā’’tiādisu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pattānubhavanatthaṃ me, vivajjetvā udīritaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Etena pana atthena, nopasaggasakammikaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Gahetvā catudhā hoti, iti ñeyyaṃ visesato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nopasaggā akammā ca, sopasaggā akammikā;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Bhū</span>dhātu kārite sante, ekakammā bhavanti hi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhāveti <a name="M0.0016"></a> kusalaṃ dhammaṃ, vibhāvetī’’timānidha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dassetabbāni viññūhi, sāsanaññūhi sāsane.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sopasaggā sakammā tu, kāritappaccaye sati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dvikammāyeva hotīti, ñātabbaṃ viññunā kathaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Abhibhāventi purisā, purise pāṇajātikaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Anubhāveti puriso, sampattiṃ purisaṃ iti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Idaṃ sakammakaṃ nāma, akammakamidaṃ iti;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kathamamhehi ñātabbaṃ, vitthārena vadetha no.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vitthāreneva kiṃ vattuṃ, sakkomi ekadesato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kathayissāmi sakkaccaṃ, vadato me nibodhatha.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ākhyātikapadaṃ nāma, duvidhaṃ samudīritaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sakammakamakammañca, iti viññū vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tatra yassa payogamhi, padassa kattunā kriyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nipphāditā vinā kammaṃ, na hoti taṃ sakammakaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pacatī’’ti hi vutte tu, yena kenaci jantunā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Odanaṃ vā panaññaṃ vā, kiñci vatthunti ñāyati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yassa pana payogamhi, kammena rahitā kriyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Padassa ñāyate etaṃ, akammakanti tīraye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tiṭṭhati devadatto’’ti, vutte kenaci jantunā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ṭhānaṃva buddhivisayo, kammabhūtaṃ na kiñcipi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sakammakapadaṃ tattha, kattāraṃ kammameva ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pakāseti yathāyoga-miti viññū vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Odanaṃ pacati poso, odano paccate sayaṃ’’;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Iccudāharaṇā ñeyyā, avuttepi ayaṃ nayo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Akammakapadaṃ <a name="M0.0017"></a> nāma, kattāraṃ bhāvameva ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yathārahaṃ pakāseti, iti dhīropalakkhaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kattāraṃ ‘‘tiṭṭhati’’ccatra, sūceti bhāvanāmakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Upaṭṭhīyati’’ iccatra, avuttepi ayaṃ nayo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evaṃ sakammakākammaṃ, ñatvā yojeyya buddhimā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tikammakañca jāneyya, karādo kārite sati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Suvaṇṇaṃ kaṭakaṃ poso, kāreti purisa’’nti ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Puriso purise gāmaṃ, rathaṃ vāheti’’iccapi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ettha <span class="bld">bhavati</span>dhātumhi, nayo eso na labbhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā dvikammakaññeva, padamettha vibhāvitaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ediso ca nayo nāma, pāḷiyaṃ tu na dissati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ekaccānaṃ mateneva, mayā evaṃ pakāsito.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ettha ca ‘‘tamenaṃ rājā, vividhā kammakāraṇā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kārāpetī’’ti yo pāṭho, <span class="bld">niddese</span> taṃ suniddise.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Manussehī’’ti āharitvā, pāṭhasesaṃ sumedhaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Sunakhehipi khādāpenti’’, iti pāṭhassa dassanā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Etaṃ nayaṃ vidū ñatvā, yoje pāṭhānurūpato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Suvaṇṇaṃ kaṭakaṃ poso, kāreti puriseni’’ti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vikaraṇappaccayāva, vuttā ettha sarūpato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sagaṇe sagaṇe tesaṃ, vuttiṃ dīpetumeva ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Asmiṃ gaṇe ayaṃ dhātu, hotī’’ti tehi viññuno;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Viññāpetuñca aññehi, ñāpanā paccayehi na.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tathā hi bhāvakammesu, vihito paccayo tu yo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Aṭṭhavidhepi dhātūnaṃ, gaṇasmiṃ sampavattati.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Bhū</span>dhātujesu <a name="M0.0018"></a> rūpesu, asammohāya sotunaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nānāvidho nayo evaṃ, mayā ettha pakāsito.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ye loke appayuttā vividhavikaraṇākhyātasaddesvachekā,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Te patvākhyātasadde avigatavimatī honti ñāṇīpi tasmā;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Accantaññeva dhīro saparahitarato sāsane daḷhapemo,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yogaṃ tesaṃ payoge paṭutaramatitaṃ patthayāno kareyya.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti navaṅge sāṭṭhakathe piṭakattaye byappathagatīsu</p>
<p class="centered">Viññūnaṃ kosallatthāya kate saddanītippakaraṇe</p>
<p class="centered">Savikaraṇākhyātavibhāgo nāma</p>
<p class="centered">Paṭhamo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="chapter">2. Bhavatikriyāpadamālāvibhāga</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ito paraṃ pavakkhāmi, sotūnaṃ mativaḍḍhanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kriyāpadakkamaṃ nāma, vibhattādīni dīpayaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra ākhyātikassa kriyālakkhaṇattasūcikā tyādayo vibhattiyo, tā aṭṭhavidhā vattamānāpañcamīsattamīparokkhāhiyyattanajjatanībhavissantī kālātipattivasena.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatthati anti, si tha, mi ma, te ante, se vhe, e mhe iccetā vattamānāvibhattiyo nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tu antu, hi tha, mi ma, taṃ antaṃ, su vho, e āmase iccetā pañcamīvibhattiyo nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Eyya <a name="M0.0019"></a> eyyuṃ, eyyāsi eyyātha, eyyāmi eyyāma, etha eraṃ, etho eyyāvho, eyyaṃ eyyāmhe iccetā sattamīvibhattiyo nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">A u, e ttha, aṃ mha, ttha re, ttho vho, iṃ mhe iccetā parokkhāvibhattiyo nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ā ū, o ttha, aṃ mhā, ttha tthuṃ, se vhaṃ, iṃ mhase iccetā hiyyattanīvibhattiyo nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ī uṃ, o ttha, iṃ mhā, ā ū, se vhaṃ, aṃ mhe iccetā ajjatanīvibhattiyo nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ssati ssanti, ssasi ssatha, ssāmi ssāma, ssate ssante, ssase ssavhe, ssaṃ ssāmhe iccetā bhavissantīvibhattiyo nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ssā ssaṃsu, sse ssatha, ssaṃ ssāmhā, ssatha ssisu, ssase ssavhe, ssiṃ ssāmhase iccetā kālātipattivibhattiyo nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbāsametāsaṃ vibhattīnaṃ yāni yāni pubbakāni cha padāni, tāni tāni parassapadāni nāma. Yāni yāni pana parāni cha padāni, tāni tāni attanopadāni nāma. Tattha parassapadāni vattamānā cha, pañcamiyo cha, sattamiyo cha, parokkhā cha, hiyyattaniyo cha, ajjataniyo cha, bhavissantiyo cha, kālātipattiyo chāti aṭṭhacattālīsavidhāni honti, tathā itarāni, sabbāni tāni piṇḍitāni channavutividhāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Parassapadānamattanopadānañca dve dve padāni paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisā nāma. Te vattamānādīsu cattāro cattāro, aṭṭhannaṃ vibhattīnaṃ vasena dvattiṃsa, piṇḍitāni parimāṇāneva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dvīsu <a name="M0.0020"></a> dvīsu padesu paṭhamaṃ paṭhamaṃ ekavacanaṃ, dutiyaṃ dutiyaṃ bahuvacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra vattamānavibhattīnanti anti, si tha, mi ma iccetāni parassapadāni. Te ante, se vhe, e mhe iccetāni attanopadāni. Parassapadattanopadesupiti anti iti paṭhamapurisā, sitha iti majjhimapurisā, mi ma iti uttamapurisā, te ante iti paṭhamapurisā, se vhe iti majjhimapurisā, e mhe iti uttamapurisā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisesupi ti-iti ekavacanaṃ, anti-iti bahuvacananti evaṃ ekavacanabahuvacanāni kamato ñeyyāni. Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsu parassapadattanopadapaṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisekavacanabahuvacanāni ñeyyāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">vibhattī</span>ti kenaṭṭhena vibhatti? Kālādivasena dhātvatthaṃ vibhajatīti vibhatti, syādīhi nāmikavibhattīhi saha sabbasaṅgāhakavasena pana sakatthaparatthādibhede atthe vibhajatīti vibhatti, kammādayo vā kārake ekavacanabahuvacanavasena vibhajatīti vibhatti, vibhajitabbā ñāṇenātipi vibhatti, vibhajanti atthe etāyātipi vibhatti, atha vā satipi jinasāsane avibhattikaniddese sabbena sabbaṃ vibhattīhi vinā atthassā’niddisitabbato visesena vividhena vā ākārena bhajanti sevanti naṃ paṇḍitātipi vibhatti. Tattha avibhattikaniddesalakkhaṇaṃ vadāma saha payoganidassanādīhi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Avibhattikaniddeso, nāmikesupalabbhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nākhyātesūti viññeyya-midamettha nidassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nigrodhova mahārukkho, thera vādānamuttamo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Anūnaṃ anadhikañca, kevalaṃ jinasāsanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra <a name="M0.0021"></a> thera-iti avibhattiko niddeso, therānaṃ ayanti thero. Ko so? Vādo. Theravādo aññesaṃ vādānaṃ uttamoti ayamattho veditabbo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kāyo te sabba sovaṇṇo’’, iccādimhipi nāmike;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Avibhattikaniddeso, gahetabbo nayaññunā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Avibhattikaniddeso, nanvākhyātepi dissati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Bho khāda piva’’iccatra, vade yo koci codako.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yadi evaṃ matenassa, bhaveyya avibhattikaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Bhikkhu, bho purisi’’ccādi, padampi, na hidaṃ tathā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhikkhu, bho purisi’’ccādi, <span class="bld">si ga</span> lopena vuccati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tathā ‘‘khādā’’tiādīni, <span class="bld">hi</span> lopena pavuccare.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ avibhattikaniddeso ākhyātesu na labbhati, nāmesuyeva labbhati. Tatrāpi ‘‘aṭṭha ca puggala dhammadasā te’’ti ettha chandavasena <span class="bld">puggala</span> iti rassakaraṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, na ‘‘kakusandha koṇāgamano ca kassapo’’ti ettha <span class="bld">kakusandha</span> iti avibhattikaniddeso viya avibhattikaniddeso daṭṭhabbo. ‘‘Bhikkhu nisinne mātugāmo upanisinno vā hoti upanipanno vā’’ti ettha pana bhikkhūti idaṃ bhikkhumhīti vattabbatthattā bhumme paccattantipi adiṭṭhavibhattikaniddesotipi vattuṃ yujjati. Tattha pana chandavasena katarassattā tāni padāni avibhattikaniddesapakkhampi bhajantīti vattuṃ na yujjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">parassapadānī</span>ti parassa atthabhūtāni padāni parassapadāni. Etthuttamapurisesu attano atthesupi attanopadavohāro na kariyati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kiñcāpi <a name="M0.0022"></a> attano atthā, purisā uttamavhayā;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Tathāpi itaresāna-mussannattāva tabbasā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tabbohāro imesānaṃ, porāṇehi niropito.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Attanopadānī</span>ti attano atthabhūtāni padāni attanopadāni. Ettha pana paṭhamamajjhimapurisesu parassatthesupi parassapadavohāro na kariyati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Paṭhamamajjhimā cete, parassatthā tathāpi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Itaresaṃ nirūḷhattā, tabbohārassa saccato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Imassa panimesānaṃ, pubbavohāratāya ca;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Tathā saṅkaradosassa, haraṇatthāya so ayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Attanopadavohāro, esamāropito dhuvaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Parassapadasaññādi-saññāyo bahukā idha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Porāṇehi katattātā, saññā porāṇikā matā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmā idha paṭhamapurisādīnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ purisānaṃ vacanatthaṃ na pariyesāma. Rūḷhiyā hi porāṇehi tyādīnaṃ purisasaññā vihitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekavacanabahuvacanesu pana ekassatthassa vacanaṃ <span class="bld">ekavacanaṃ</span>. Bahūnamatthānaṃ vacanaṃ <span class="bld">bahuvacanaṃ</span>. Atha vā bahuttepi sati samudāyavasena jātivasena vā cittena sampiṇḍetvā ekīkatassatthassa ekassa viya vacanampi ekavacanaṃ, bahutte nissitassa nissayavohārena vuttassa nissayavasena ekassa viya vacanampi ekavacanaṃ, ekattalakkhaṇena bavhatthānaṃ ekavacanaṃ viya vacanampi ekavacanaṃ. Abahuttepi sati attagarukārāparicchedamātikānusandhinayapucchāsabhāgaputhucitta- samāyogaputhuārammaṇavasena ekatthassa bahūnaṃ viya vacanaṃ bahuvacanaṃ, tathā ye ye bahavo tannivāsataṃputtasaṅkhātassekassatthassa rūḷhīvasena bahūnaṃ viya vacanampi bahuvacanaṃ, ekassatthassa aññenatthena ekābhidhānavasena bahūnaṃ <a name="M0.0023"></a> viya vacanampi bahuvacanaṃ, ekassatthassa nissitavasena bahūnaṃ viya vacanampi bahuvacanaṃ, ekassatthassa ārammaṇabhedakiccabhedavasena bahūnaṃ viya vacanampi bahuvacanaṃ. Evamimehi ākārehi ekamhi vattabbe, ekamhi viya ca vattabbe ekavacanaṃ, bahumhi vattabbe, bahumhi viya ca vattabbe bahuvacanaṃ hotīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Puthuvacanaṃ, anekavacana</span>nti ca imasseva nāmaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vacanesu ayaṃ attho, nāmākhyātavibhattinaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vasena adhigantabbo, sāsanatthagavesinā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmā tadatthaviññāpanatthaṃ idha nāmikapayogehi sahevākhyātapayoge pavakkhāma – ‘‘rājā āgacchati, sahāyo me āgacchati, ekaṃ citta’’ miccevamādayo ekassatthassa ekavacanapayogā. ‘‘Rājāno āgacchanti, sahāyā me āgacchanti, na me dessā ubho puttā, dve tīṇi’’ iccevamādayo bavhatthānaṃ bahuvacanapayogā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Sā senā mahatī āsi, bahujjano pasannosi, sabbo taṃ jano ojināyatu, itthigumbassa pavarā, buddhassāhaṃ vatthayugaṃ adāsiṃ, dvayaṃ vo bhikkhave desessāmi, pemaṃ mahantaṃ ratanattayassa, kare pasādañca naro avassaṃ, bhikkhusaṅgho, balakāyo, devanikāyo, ariyagaṇo’’- iccevamādayo, ‘‘dvikaṃ tika’’miccādayo ca samudāyavasena bavhatthānaṃ ekavacanapayogā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Katthaci pana īdisesu ṭhānesu bahuvacanapayogāpi dissanti. Tathā hi ‘‘pūjitā ñātisaṅghehi, devakāyā samāgatā, sabbete devanikāyā, dve devasaṅghā, tīṇi <a name="M0.0024"></a> dukāni, cattāri navakāni’’ iccevamādayo payogāpi dissanti. Ime ekavacanavasena vattabbassa samudāyassa bahusamudāyavasena bahuvacanapayogāti gahetabbā, saṅgayhamānā ca bavhatthabahuvacane saṅgahaṃ gacchanti visuṃyeva vā, tasmā bahusamudāyāpekkhabahuvacananti etesaṃ nāmaṃ veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Pāṇaṃ na hane, sasso sampajjati’’ iccevamādayo jātivasena bavhatthānaṃ ekavacanapayogā, tabbhāvasāmaññena bavhatthānaṃ ekavacanapayogātipi vattuṃ vaṭṭati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Nāgaṃ raṭṭhassa pūjitaṃ, sāvatthī saddhā ahosi pasannā’’ iccevamādayo nissayavasena pavattānaṃ nissayavohārena vuttānamekavacanapayogā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Tilakkhaṇaṃ, kusalākusalaṃ, viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṃ, nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṃ, dhammavinayo, cittaseno ca gandhabbo, natiyā asati āgatigati na hoti, āgatigatiyā asati cutūpapāto na hoti’’ iccevamādayo ekattalakkhaṇe bavhatthānaṃ ekavacanapayogā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Evaṃ mayaṃ gaṇhāma, amhākaṃ pakati, padhānanti kho meghiya vadamānaṃ kinti vadeyyāma’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa attavasena bahuvacanapayogā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Te manussā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ ‘bhuñjatha bhante’ti, ahaṃ manussesu manussabhūtā, abbhāgatānā’sanakaṃ adāsiṃ’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa garukāravasena bahuvacanapayogā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Appaccayā <a name="M0.0025"></a> dhammā, asaṅkhatā dhammā’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa aparicchedavasena bahuvacanapayogā, aniyamitasaṅkhāvasena bahuvacanapayogā vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci pana ‘‘desanāsotapātavasena bahuvacanapayogā’’tipi vadanti, taṃ na gahetabbaṃ. Na hi tathāgato satisampajaññarahito dhammaṃ deseti, yutti ca na dissati ‘‘mātikāyaṃ pucchāyaṃ vissajjane cāti tīsupi ṭhānesu appaccayādidhamme desento satthā punappunaṃ bahuvacanavasena desanāsote patitvā dhammaṃ desetī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Katame dhammā appaccayā’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa mātikānusandhinayena bahuvacanapayogā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ime dhammā appaccayā’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa pucchānusandhinayena bahuvacanapayogā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Katame dhammā no parāmāsā, te dhamme ṭhapetvā avasesā kusalākusalābyākatā dhammā’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa pucchāsabhāgena bahuvacanapayogā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Atthi bhikkhave aññeva dhammā gambhīrā duddasā duranubodhā santā paṇītā atakkāvacarā nipuṇā paṇḍitavedanīyā, ye tathāgato sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedetī’’ti ayamekassatthassa puthucittasamāyogaputhuārammaṇavasena bahuvacanapayogo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ mahāvane,</p>
<p class="gatha1">Santi <a name="M0.0026"></a> puttā videhānaṃ, dīghāvu raṭṭhavaḍḍhano;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Te rajjaṃ kārayissanti, mithilāyaṃ pajāpati’’ –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iccevamādayo saddā ye ye bahavo, tannivāsataṃputtasaṅkhātassekatthassa rūḷhīvasena bahuvacanapayogā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Sāriputtamoggallāne āmantesi ‘gacchatha tumhe sāriputtā kīṭāgiriṃ gantvā assajipunabbasukānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ kīṭāgirismā pabbājanīyakammaṃ karotha, tumhākaṃ ete saddhivihārino’ti’’, ‘‘kacci vo kulaputtā, etha byagghā nivattavho’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa aññenatthena ekābhidhānavasena bahuvacanapayogā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Mañcā ukkuṭṭhiṃ karonti’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa nissitavasena bahuvacanapayogā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’’ti ayamārammaṇabhedena ekassatthassa bahuvacanapayogo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Cattāro sammappadhānā’’ti ayaṃ pana kiccabhedena ekassatthassa bahuvacanapayogo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha ekatthekavacanaṃ, samudāyāpekkhekavacanaṃ, jātyāpekkhekavacanaṃ, tannissayāpekkhekavacanaṃ, ekattalakkhaṇekavacananti pañcavidhaṃ ekavacanaṃ bhavati. Ettha pana jātyāpekkhekavacanaṃ atthato sāmaññāpekkhekavacanamevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bavhatthabahuvacanaṃ, bahusamudāyāpekkhabahuvacanaṃ, attabahuvacanaṃ, garukārabahuvacanaṃ, aparicchedabahuvacanaṃ, mātikānusandhinayabahuvacanaṃ, pucchānusandhinayabahuvacanaṃ, pucchāsabhāgabahuvacanaṃ, puthucittasamāyogaputhuārammaṇabahuvacanaṃ, tannivāsabahuvacanaṃ, taṃputtabahuvacanaṃ, ekābhidhānabahuvacanaṃ, tannissitāpekkhabahuvacanaṃ<a name="M0.0027"></a>, ārammaṇabhedabahuvacanaṃ, kiccabhedabahuvacananti pannarasavidhaṃ bahuvacanaṃ bhavati. Iccevaṃ vīsadhā sabbāni ekavacanabahuvacanāni saṅgahitāni. Atridaṃ pāḷivavatthānaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ekatthe dekavacana-ñcitarasmitarampi ca;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Samudāyajātiekatta-lakkhaṇekavacopi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sāṭṭhakathe piṭakamhi, pāṭhe pāyena dissare.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Garumhi cattanekasmiṃ, bahuvacanakaṃ pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pāḷiyaṃ appakaṃ aṭṭha-kathāṭīkāsu taṃ bahuṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tathā hi bahukaṃ deka-vacanaṃyeva pāḷiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Garumhi cattanekasmiṃ, idamettha nidassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tava sāsanamāgamma, pattomhi amataṃ padaṃ’’.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Iccevamādayo pāṭhā, bahudhā jinasāsane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dissantīti vijāneyya, vidvā akkharacintako.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sātisayaṃ garukārā-rahassāpi mahesino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ekavacanayogena, niddeso dissate yato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tato vohārakusalo, kareyyatthānurūpato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ekavacanayogaṃ vā, itaraṃ vā sumedhaso.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pāyena tannivāsamhi, bahuvacanakaṃ ṭhitaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Taṃputte appakaṃ tanni-ssayekavacanampi ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Puthucittāpariccheda-mātikāsandhiādisu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bahuvacanakañcāpi, appakanti pakāsaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ekābhidhānato kiccā, tathā gocaratopi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bahuvacanakaṃ tanni-ssitāpekkhañca appakaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Iccevaṃ <a name="M0.0028"></a> sappayogaṃ tu, ñatvāna vacanadvayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kātabbo pana vohāro, yathāpāḷi vibhāvinā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni kālādivasena ākhyātappavattiṃ dīpayissāma – kālakārakapurisaparidīpakaṃ kriyālakkhaṇaṃ <span class="bld">ākhyātikaṃ</span>. Tatra <span class="bld">kāla</span>nti atītānāgatapaccuppannavasena tayo kālā, atītānāgatapaccuppannāṇattiparikappakālātipattivasena pana cha, te ekekā tipurisakā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vuttappakārakālesu, yadidaṃ vattate yato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ākhyātikaṃ tato tassa, kāladīpanatā matā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kāraka</span>nti kammakattubhāvā. Te hi upacāramukhyasabhāvavasena karonti karaṇanti ca ‘‘kārakā’’ti vuccanti. Teva yathākkamaṃ kriyānimitta taṃsādhaka taṃsabhāvāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kammaṃ kattā ca bhāvo ca, iccevaṃ kārakā tidhā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vibhattipaccayā ettha, vuttā nāññatra saccato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Paribhaviyyati’’ccādī, kamme sijjhanti kārake;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Sambhavatī’’tiādīni, sijjhare kattukārake.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vibhaviyyati’’iccādī, bhāve sijjhanti kārake;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tividhesvevametesu, vibhattipaccayā matā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kārakattayamuttaṃ yaṃ, ākhyātaṃ natthi sabbaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā taddīpanattampi, tassākhyātassa bhāsitaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kārakattaṃ tu bhāvassa, sacepi na samīritaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kārakalakkhaṇe tena, bhāvena ca avatthunā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kriyānipphatti <a name="M0.0029"></a> natthīti, yuttitopi ca natthi taṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Tathāpākhyātike tassa, tabbohāro niruttiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Patiṭṭhitanayovāti, mantvā amhehi bhāsito.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Puriso</span>ti ekavacanabahuvacanakā paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisā. Tattha paṭhamapuriso ākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇe sādhakavācake vā kammavācake vā <span class="bld">tumhā’mha</span>saddavajjite paccattavacanabhūte nāmamhi ‘‘abhinīhāro samijjhati, bodhi vuccati catūsu maggesuñāṇa’’ntiādīsu viya payujjamānepi, taṭṭhāniyatte sati ‘‘bhāsati vā karoti vā, pīḷiyakkhoti maṃ vidū, vuccatīti vacana’’ntiādīsu viya appayujjamānepi sabbadhātūhi paro hoti. Katthaci pana pāḷippadese nāmassa appayuttattā paṭhamapurisapayogattho duranubodho bhavati, yathā ‘‘dukkhaṃ te vedayissāmi, tattha assāsayantu ma’’nti. Tathā hi ettha ‘‘pādā’’ti pāṭhaseso, tasmiṃ dukkhasāsanārocane vattuṃ avisahanavasena kilamantaṃ maṃ devassa ubho pādā assāsentu, vissaṭṭho kathehīti maṃ vadathāti adhippāyo ca bhavati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Adhippāyo sudubbodho, yasmā vijjati pāḷiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā upaṭṭhahaṃ gaṇhe, garuṃ garumataṃ vidū.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrimāni <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātādhikārattā <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātuvasena nidassanapadāni. So paribhavati, te paribhavanti, paribhavati, paribhavanti. Sapatto abhibhaviyate, sabbā vityā’nubhūyate, abhibhaviyate, anubhūyateti. Yattha satipi nāmassa sādhakavācakatte apaccattavacanattā ākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇatā na labbhati, tattha kammavācakaṃ paccattavacanabhūtaṃ tulyādhikaraṇapadaṃ paṭicca paṭhamapurisādayo tayo labbhanti. Taṃ <a name="M0.0030"></a> yathā? Paribhaviyyate puriso devadattena, paribhaviyyase tvaṃ devadattena, paribhaviyyamhe mayaṃ akusalehi dhammehi. Ettha panidaṃ vacanaṃ na vattabbaṃ ‘‘nindanti tuṇhimāsina’ntiādīsu satipi nāmassa kammavācakatte apaccattavacanattā ākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇatā na labbhatīti paṭhamapurisuppatti na siyā’’ti. Kasmāti ce? ‘‘Nindanti tuṇhimāsina’’ntiādīsu ‘‘janā’’ti ajjhāharitabbassa sādhakavācakassa nāmassa saddhimākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇabhāvassa icchitattā. Evamuttaratrāpi nayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Majjhimapuriso ākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇe sādhakavācake vā kammavācake vā paccattavacanabhūte <span class="bld">tumha</span>sadde payujjamānepi, taṭṭhāniyatte sati appayujjamānepi sabbadhātūhi paro hoti. Tvaṃ atibhavasi, tumhe atibhavatha, atibhavasi, atibhavatha. Tvaṃ paribhaviyase devadattena, tumhe paribhaviyavhe. Yattha satipi <span class="bld">tumha</span>saddassa sādhakavācakatte apaccattavacanattā ākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇatā na labbhati, na tattha majjhimapuriso hoti. Itare pana dve honti kammavācakaṃ paccattavacanabhūtaṃ tulyādhikaraṇapadaṃ paṭicca. Taṃ yathā? Tayā abhibhaviyate sapatto, tayā abhibhaviye ahaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Uttamapuriso ākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇe sādhakavācake vā kammavācake vā paccattavacanabhūte <span class="bld">amha</span>sadde payujjamānepi, taṭṭhāniyatte sati appayujjamānepi sabbadhātūhi paro hoti. Ahaṃ paribhavāmi, mayaṃ paribhavāma, paribhavāmi, paribhavāma. Ahaṃ paribhaviyyāmi akusalehi dhammehi, mayaṃ paribhaviyyāma, paribhaviyyāmi, paribhaviyyāma. Yattha satipi <span class="bld">amha</span>saddassa sādhakavācakatte apaccattavacanattā ākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇatā na labbhati, na tattha <a name="M0.0031"></a> uttamapuriso hoti. Itare pana dve honti kammavācakaṃ paccattavacanabhūtaṃ tulyādhikaraṇapadaṃ paṭicca. Taṃ yathā? Mayā anubhaviyate sampatti, mayā abhibhaviyase tvaṃ. Evaṃ yattha yattha sādhakavācakānaṃ vā kammavācakānaṃ vā nāmādīnaṃ paccattavacanabhūtānaṃ ākhyātapadehi tulyādhikaraṇatte laddhe tattha tattha paṭhamapurisādayo labbhanti, tasmā nāmādīnaṃ paccattavacanabhūtānaṃ tulyādhikaraṇabhāvoyeva paṭhamapurisādīnamuppattiyā kāraṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dvinnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ vā purisānamekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. Ettha ekābhidhānaṃ nāma ekato abhidhānaṃ ekakālābhidhānañca. Tañca kho <span class="bld">ca</span>saddapayogeyeva, acasaddapayoge bhinnakālābhidhāne taggahaṇābhāvato. ‘‘Tumhe atthakusalā bhavatha, mayamatthakusalā bhavāma’’ iccevamādayo tappayogā. Tattha tumhe atthakusalā bhavatha – iccetasmiṃ vohāre ‘‘so ca atthakusalo bhavati, tvañca atthakusalo bhavasi, tumhe atthakusalā bhavathā’’ti evaṃ dvinnamekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. ‘‘Mayamatthakusalā bhavāma’’ iccetasmiṃ pana ‘‘so ca atthakusalo bhavati, ahañca atthakusalo bhavāmi, mayamatthakusalā bhavāmā’’ti vā ‘‘tvañca atthakusalo bhavasi, ahañca atthakusalo bhavāmi, mayamatthakusalā bhavāmā’’ti vā evampi dvinnamekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. ‘‘So ca atthakusalo bhavati, tvañca atthakusalo bhavasi, ahañca atthakusalo bhavāmi, mayamatthakusalā bhavāmā’’ti vā ‘‘so ca atthakusalo bhavati, te ca atthakusalā bhavanti, tvañca atthakusalo bhavasi, tumhe ca atthakusalā bhavatha, ahañca atthakusalo bhavāmi, mayamatthakusalā bhavāmā’’ti vā evaṃ tiṇṇamekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparopi <a name="M0.0032"></a> atthanayo vuccati – ‘‘tvañca atthakusalo bhavasi, so ca atthakusalo bhavati, tumhe atthakusalā bhavathā’’ti vā ‘‘ahañca atthakusalo bhavāmi, so ca atthakusalo bhavati, mayamatthakusalā bhavāmā’’ti vā iminā nayena anekappabhedo atthanayo. Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsu pañcamīsattamiyādīsu paropuriso gahetabbo. Sabbesu ca kriyāpadesu bavhatthavācakesu bahuvacanantesu, na pana bahuvacanantesupi ekassattano vācakesu garukātabbassekassatthassa vācakesu ca kriyāpadesu. Ettha codanāsandīpaniyo imā gāthā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tvañca bhavasi so cāpi, bhavati’’ccādibhāsane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Tumhe bhavatha’’ iccādi, paroposo kathaṃ siyā?;</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ahaṃ bhavāmi so cāpi, bhavati’’ccādibhāsane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Mayaṃ bhavāma’’iccādi, uttamo ca kathaṃ siyā?;</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca vuccate –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pacchā vutto paro nāma, saññāya paṭipāṭiyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ pana gahetabbo, paropurisanāmako.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Paṭhamamhā paro nāma, majjhimo uttamopi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Majjhimamhā paro nāma, uttamo puriso ruto.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evaṃ tu gahaṇañhettha, vohārassānulomakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Doso tadanulomamhi, gahaṇasmiṃ na vijjati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tvañca bhadde sukhī hohi, eso cāpi mahāmigo’’;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Iti pāṭho yato diṭṭho, tasmā evaṃ vademase.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tumhe dve sukhitā hotha’’, iccattho tattha dissati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃpyayaṃ nayo vutto, attanomatiyā mama.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Attanomati <a name="M0.0033"></a> kiñcāpi, kathitā sabbadubbalā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tathāpi nayamādāya, kathitattā akopiyā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dhammena rajjaṃ kārentaṃ, raṭṭhā pabbājayittha maṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tvañca jānapadā ceva, negamā ca samāgatā’’.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ahañca maddidevī ca, jālīkaṇhājinā cubho;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Aññamaññaṃ sokanudā, vasāma assame tadā’’.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Etā gāthāpi etassa, atthassa pana sādhikā;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Tāsu vuttanayeneva, attho supākaṭo siyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ viññūhi viññeyyaṃ, bahunā bhāsitena kiṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ākārena manāpena, kathane yena kenaci;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na virujjhati ce attho, taṃ pamāṇaṃ sudhīmataṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Purisattayato eso, paropurisanāmako;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nupalabbhati paccekaṃ, tadantogadhatova yaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pāṭavatthāya sotūnaṃ, vohāratthesu sabbaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Visuṃ alabbhamānopi, labbhamānova uddhaṭo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Saṅkhepatopettha purisappavatti evaṃ upalakkhitabbā <span class="bld">‘‘amha</span>vacanatthe uttamo, <span class="bld">tumha</span>vacanatthe majjhimo, aññesaṃ vacanatthe paṭhamo’’ti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tyādīnaṃ purisasaññā, yasmā vuttā tato idaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tabbantākhyātikaṃ ñeyyaṃ, purisaparidīpakaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ sabbathāpi ākhyātikassa kālakārakapurisaparidīpanatā vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kriyālakkhaṇa</span>nti ettha kathaṃ ākhyātikassa kriyālakkhaṇatā veditabbā?</p>
<p class="gatha1">Lakkhiyati <a name="M0.0034"></a> kriyāyetaṃ, kriyā vā assa lakkhaṇaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kriyālakkhaṇatā evaṃ, veditabbā tathā hi ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Gacchati’’ccādikaṃ sutvā, kriyāsandīpanaṃ padaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Ākhyātika’’nti dhīrehi, ākhyātaññūhi saññitaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Lakkhaṇaṃ hoti nāmassa, yathā satvābhidhānatā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kriyābhidhānatā evaṃ, ākhyātasseva lakkhaṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Atthato pana etassa, kriyāvācakatā idha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Lakkhaṇaṃ iti viññeyyaṃ, lakkhaṇaññūhi lakkhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kiṃ karosī’’ti puṭṭhassa, ‘‘pacāmi’’ccādinā ‘‘ahaṃ’’;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paṭivācāya dānena, kriyāvācakatā matā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evamākhyātikassa kriyālakkhaṇatā veditabbā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Idāni kālesu vibhattippavatti evaṃ veditabbā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Paccuppannamhi kālasmiṃ, vattamānā pavattati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Āsiṭṭhāṇāpanatthesu, paccuppannamhi pañcamī.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Paccuppanne parikappā-numatyatthesu sattamī;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Appaccakkhe atītamhi, parokkhā sampavattati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Hiyyo pabhuti kālasmiṃ, atītamhi pavattati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paccakkhe vā apaccakkhe, hiyyattanī niruttitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ajjappabhuti kālasmiṃ, atītamhi pavattati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paccakkhe vā apaccakkhe, samīpejjatanavhayā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Anāgate bhavissantī, kālasmiṃ sampavattati;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Kriyātipannamattamhi, tīte kālātipattikā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Anāgatepi hotīti, niruttaññūhi bhāsitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ kālesu vibhattippavattiṃ ñatvā ye te suttantesu vicittā suvisadavipulatikhiṇabuddhivisayabhūtā payogā dissanti, tesu pāṭavamicchantehi tyādikkamena vuccamānā kriyāpadamālā <a name="M0.0035"></a> sallakkhitabbā – bhavati, bhavanti. Bhavasi, bhavatha. Bhavāmi, bhavāma. Bhavate, bhavante. Bhavase, bhavavhe. Bhave, bhavāmhe. Ayaṃ aññayogādirahitā kriyāpadamālā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dissanti ca suttantesu atthasambhavepi aññayogādirahitāni kriyāpadāni. Seyyathidaṃ? ‘‘Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccāti, yadā paññāya passati. Yaṃ maṃ bhaṇasi sārathi. Aññaṃ sepaṇṇi gacchāmi’’ iccevamādīni etassatthassa paridīpaniyā kriyāpadamālā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha tividho kriyāpadesu yogo <span class="bld">ta</span>yogo, <span class="bld">ma</span>yogo, aññayogo ca. Tattha majjhimapurisā <span class="bld">ta</span>yogavasena gahetabbā, uttamapurisā <span class="bld">ma</span>yogavasena. Paṭhamapurisā aññayogavasena. Tyādīnamettha paṭipāṭiyā ayaṃ anugīti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Aññayogena paṭhamā, <span class="bld">ta</span>yogena tu majjhimā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mayogenuttamā honti, gahetabbā vibhāvinā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sotūnaṃ payogesu kosallatthaṃ aññayogādisahitamaparampi kriyāpadamālaṃ vadāma – so bhavati, te bhavanti. Tvaṃ bhavasi, tumhe bhavatha. Ahaṃ bhavāmi, mayaṃ bhavāma. So bhavate, te bhavante. Tvaṃ bhavase, tumhe bhavavhe. Ahaṃ bhave, mayaṃ bhavāmhe. Ayaṃ aññayogādisahitā kriyāpadamālā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dissanti ca suttantesu aññayogādisahitānipi kriyāpadāni. Seyyathidaṃ? <span class="bld">‘‘Yaṃ</span>pāyaṃ deva kumāro suppatiṭṭhitapādo, idampimassa mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ bhavati, tassimāni satta ratanāni bhavanti. Yo dandhakāle tarati<a name="M0.0036"></a>, taraṇīye ca dandhati, tvaṃsi ācariyo mama, ahampi daṭṭhukāmosmi, pitaraṃ me idhāgataṃ’’ iccevamādīni etassatthassa paridīpaniyā kriyāpadamālā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yo <span class="bld">tumha</span>saddena vattabbe atthe nipatati, na pana hoti tumhatthavācako, neso saddo kriyāpadassa <span class="bld">ta</span>yogasahitattaṃ sādheti, aññadatthu aññayogasahitattaññeva sādheti. Yo ca <span class="bld">amha</span>saddena vattabbe atthe nipatati, na pana hoti amhatthavācako, na sopi saddo kriyāpadassa <span class="bld">ma</span>yogasahitattaṃ sādheti, aññadatthu aññayogasahitattaññeva sādheti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra <span class="bld">tumha</span>saddena tāva vattabbatthe – ‘‘na bhavaṃ eti puññatthaṃ, sivirājassa dassanaṃ. Māyasmā samaggassa saṅghassa bhedāya parakkami. Idha bhante bhagavā paṃsukūlaṃ dhovatū’’ti iccevamādayo payogā. <span class="bld">Amha</span>saddena pana vattabbatthe ‘‘upāli taṃ mahāvīra, pāde vandati satthuno. Sāvako te mahāvīra, saraṇo vandati satthuno’’ti ca iccevamādayo payogā. Idametthupalakkhitabbaṃ ‘‘tvaṃ tumhe ahaṃ maya’’nti atthadīpaka <span class="bld">ta</span>yoga <span class="bld">ma</span>yogato añño aññatthadīpano payogoyeva aññayogo nāma, tattha paṭhamapuriso bhavatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yajjevaṃ ‘‘sabbāyasaṃ kūṭamatippamāṇaṃ, paggayha so tiṭṭhasi antalikkhe. Esa sutvā pasīdāmi, vaco te isisattamā’’tiādīsu kathaṃ. Ettha hi majjhimuttamapurisasambhavoyeva dissati, na tu paṭhamapurisasambhavoti? Vuccate – ‘‘sabbāyasaṃ kūṭamatippamāṇaṃ, paggayha so tiṭṭhasi antalikkhe’’tiādīsu ‘‘so’’tiādikassa nāmasaddassa <span class="bld">tumha’mha</span>saddassatthavācakasaddehi‘‘tiṭṭhasī’’tiādīnaṃ syādyantānaṃ padānaṃ dassanato accantamajjhāharitabbehi <a name="M0.0037"></a> samānādhikaraṇattā tagguṇabhūtattā ca majjhimuttamapurisasambhavo samadhigantabbo. Īdisesu payogesu syādyantānaṃ dassanavasena avijjamānānipi ajjhāharitabbāni ‘‘tvamaha’’miccādīni padāni bhavanti. Katthaci pana paripuṇṇāni dissanti ‘‘sātvaṃ vaṅkamanuppattā, kathaṃ maddi karissasi. So ahaṃ vicarissāmi, gāmā gāmaṃ purā pura’’nti iccevamādīsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ākhyātikassa kriyālakkhaṇattā aliṅgabhedattā ca tiṇṇaṃ liṅgānaṃ sādhāraṇabhāvaparidīpanatthaṃ aparampi kriyāpadamālaṃ vadāma –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Puriso bhavati, kaññā bhavati, cittaṃ bhavati, purisā bhavanti, kaññāyo bhavanti, cittāni bhavanti. Bho purisa tvaṃ bhavasi, bhoti kaññe tvaṃ bhavasi, bho citta tvaṃ bhavasi, bhavanto purisā tumhe bhavatha, bhotiyo kaññāyo tumhe bhavatha, bhavanto cittāni tumhe bhavatha. Ahaṃ puriso bhavāmi, ahaṃ kaññā bhavāmi, ahaṃ cittaṃ bhavāmi, mayaṃ purisā bhavāma, mayaṃ kaññāyo bhavāma, mayaṃ cittāni bhavāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Esa nayo attanopadesu, sesavibhattīnaṃ sabbapadesupi. Ayamākhyātikassa tiṇṇaṃ liṅgānaṃ sādhāraṇabhāvaparidīpanī kriyāpadamālāva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">niruttipiṭake</span> ‘‘kriyālakkhaṇamākhyātikamaliṅgabheda’’miti. Tatra <span class="bld">aliṅgabheda</span>miti ko attho? Itthipumanapuṃsakānaṃ avisesattho vuccate ‘‘aliṅgabheda’’miti. Yathā ‘‘puriso gacchati, kaññā gacchati, cittaṃ gacchatī’’ti. Catudhā uddiṭṭhakriyāpadesu yathā ‘‘bhavatī’’ti <span class="bld">a</span>kārānantaratyantapadaṃ gahetvā ‘‘bhavati bhavanti bhavasī’’tiādinā kriyāpadamālā sabbathā katā, evaṃ ‘‘ubbhavati’’ccādīnipi <span class="bld">a</span>kārānantaratyantapadāni gahetvā ‘‘ubbhavati ubbhavanti ubbhavasī’’tiādinā <a name="M0.0038"></a> kriyāpadamālā sabbathā kātabbā. ‘‘Bhoti sambhotī’’tiādīni pana okārānantaratyantapadāni, ‘‘bhāveti vibhāvetī’’tiādīni ca ekārānantaratyantapadāni gahetvā pāḷinayānusāreneva padamālā kātabbā, nayidha vuttanayānusārena. Īdisesu hi ṭhānesu duranubodhā kriyāpadagati. Ato labbhamānavasena kriyāpadamālā kātabbā. Na hi loke lokiyā sabbe dhātusadde paccekaṃ sabbehipi channavutiyā vacanehi yojetvā vadanti, evaṃ avadantānampi nesaṃ kathā aparipuṇṇā nāma na hoti, tasmā vajjetabbaṭṭhānaṃ vajjetvā yathāsambhavaṃ padamālā kātabbā. Evaṃ pañcamiyādīsupi vibhattīsu. Ayaṃ vattamānavibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ito paṭṭhāya pana yathuddiṭṭhapadāneva pariṇāmetvā pariṇāmetvā pañcamiyādīnaṃ mātikābhāvena gahetabbāni. Idāni pana tayogādisahitāsahitavasena dvidhā kriyāpadamālāyo dassessāma kvacādesavasena sambhūtāni ca rūpantarāni sotūnaṃ sukhadhāraṇatthañceva purisappayoge asammohatthañca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhavatu, bhavantu. Bhavāhi, bhava, bhavatha. Bhavāmi, bhavāma. Bhavataṃ, bhavantaṃ. Bhavassu, bhavavho. Bhave, bhavāmase. So bhavatu, te bhavantu. Tvaṃ bhavāhi, bhava, tumhe bhavatha. Ahaṃ bhavāmi, mayaṃ bhavāma. So bhavataṃ, te bhavantaṃ. Tvaṃ bhavassu, tumhe bhavavho. Ahaṃ bhave, mayaṃ bhavāmase. Ayaṃ pañcamīvibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhaveyya, bhave, bhaveyyuṃ. Bhaveyyāsi, bhaveyyātha. Bhaveyyāmi, bhaveyyāma, bhavemu. Bhavetha, bhaveraṃ. Bhavetho, bhaveyyāvho. Bhaveyyaṃ, bhaveyyāmhe iti vā, so bhaveyya<a name="M0.0039"></a>, bhave, te bhaveyyuṃ. Tvaṃ bhaveyyāsi, tumhe bhaveyyātha. Ahaṃ bhaveyyāmi, mayaṃ bhaveyyāma, bhavemu. So bhavetha, te bhaveraṃ. Tvaṃ bhavetho, tumhe bhaveyyāvho. Ahaṃ bhaveyyaṃ, mayaṃ bhaveyyāmhe iti vā. Ayaṃ sattamīvibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Babhūva, babhūvu. Babhūve, babhūvittha. Babhūvaṃ, babhūvimha. Babhūvittha, babhūvire. Babhūvittho, babhūvivho. Babhūviṃ, babhūvimhe iti vā, so babhūva, te babhūvu. Tvaṃ babhūve, tumhe babhūvittha. Ahaṃ babhūvaṃ, mayaṃ babhūvimha. So babhūvittha, te babhūvire. Tvaṃ babhūvittho, tumhe babhūvivho. Ahaṃ babhūviṃ, mayaṃ babhūvimhe iti vā. Ayaṃ parokkhāvibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Abhavā, abhavū. Abhavo, abhavattha. Abhavaṃ, abhavamhā. Abhavattha, abhavatthuṃ. Abhavase, abhavavhaṃ. Abhaviṃ, abhavamhase iti vā, so abhavā, te abhavū. Tvaṃ abhavo, tumhe abhavattha. Ahaṃ abhavaṃ, mayaṃ abhavamhā. So abhavattha, te abhavatthuṃ. Tvaṃ abhavase, tumhe abhavavhaṃ. Ahaṃ abhaviṃ, mayaṃ abhavamhase iti vā. Ayaṃ hiyyattanīvibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Abhavi, abhavuṃ. Abhavo, abhavittha. Abhaviṃ, abhavimhā. Abhavā, abhavū. Abhavase, abhavivhaṃ. Abhavhaṃ, abhavimhe iti vā, so abhavi, te abhavuṃ. Tvaṃ abhavo, tumhe abhavittha. Ahaṃ abhaviṃ, mayaṃ abhavimhā. So abhavā, te abhavū. Tvaṃ abhavase, tumhe abhavivhaṃ. Ahaṃ abhavaṃ, mayaṃ abhavimhe iti vā. Ayaṃ ajjatanīvibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha panajjataniyā <span class="bld">uṃ</span>vacanassa <span class="bld">iṃsu</span>mādesavasena bhavatino rūpantarānipi veditabbāni. Seyyathidaṃ? Te bhaviṃsu, samubbhaviṃsu, pabhaviṃsu, parābhaviṃsu, sambhaviṃsu, pātubhaviṃsu, pātubbhaviṃsu<a name="M0.0040"></a>, imāni akammakapadāni. Paribhaviṃsu, abhibhaviṃsu, adhibhaviṃsu, atibhaviṃsu, anubhaviṃsu, samanubhaviṃsu, abhisambhaviṃsu.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Adhibhosu’’nti rūpampi, yasmā dissati pāḷiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā hi nayato ñe yyaṃ, ‘‘paribhosu’’ntiādikaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyaṃ pāḷi – ‘‘evaṃvihāriñcāvuso bhikkhuṃ rūpā adhibhosuṃ, na bhikkhu rūpe adhibhosī’’ti. Imāni sakammakapadāni, evamajjataniyā <span class="bld">uṃ</span>vacanassa <span class="bld">iṃsu</span>mādesavasena bhavatino rūpantarāni bhavanti. Apica</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Anvabhi’’ itirūpampi, ajjatanyā padissati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā hi nayato ñeyyaṃ, ‘‘ajjhabhi’’ccādikampi ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyaṃ pāḷi – so tena kammena divaṃ samakkami, sukhañca khiḍḍāratiyo ca anvabhīti. Tattha <span class="bld">anvabhī</span>ti anu abhīti chedo. <span class="bld">Anū</span>ti upasaggo. <span class="bld">Abhī</span>ti ākhyātikapadanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhavissati, bhavissanti. Bhavissasi, bhavissatha. Bhavissāmi, bhavissāma. Bhavissate, bhavissante. Bhavissase, bhavissavhe. Bhavissaṃ, bhavissāmhe iti vā, so bhavissati, te bhavissanti. Tvaṃ bhavissasi, tumhe bhavissatha. Ahaṃ bhavissāmi, mayaṃ bhavissāma. So bhavissate, te bhavissante. Tvaṃ bhavissase, tumhe bhavissavhe. Ahaṃ bhavissaṃ, mayaṃ bhavissāmhe iti vā. Ayaṃ bhavissantīvibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Abhavissā, abhavissaṃsu. Abhavisse, abhavissatha. Abhavissaṃ, abhavissāmhā. Abhavissatha, abhavissisu. Abhavissase, abhavissavhe. Abhavissiṃ, abhavissāmhase iti vā, so abhavissā, te abhavissaṃsu. Tvaṃ abhavisse, tumhe <a name="M0.0041"></a> abhavissatha. Ahaṃ abhavissaṃ, mayaṃ abhavissāmhā. So abhavissatha, te abhavissisu. Tvaṃ abhavissase, tumhe abhavissavhe. Ahaṃ abhavissiṃ, mayaṃ abhavissāmhase iti vā. Ayaṃ kālātipattivibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vohārabhedakusalena subuddhinā yo,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Kaccāyanena kathito jinasāsanatthaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Tyādikkamo tadanugaṃ kiriyāpadānaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Katvā kamo bhavatidhātuvasena vutto.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti navaṅge sāṭṭhakathe piṭakattaye byappathagatīsu viññūnaṃ</p>
<p class="centered">Kosallatthāya kate saddanītippakaraṇe</p>
<p class="centered">Bhavatino kriyāpadamālāvibhāgo nāma</p>
<p class="centered">Dutiyo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="chapter">3. Pakiṇṇakavinicchaya</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ito paraṃ pavakkhāmi, pakiṇṇakavinicchayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sappayogesu atthesu, viññūnaṃ pāṭavatthayā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha atthuddhāro, atthasaddacintā, atthātisayayogo, samānāsamānavasenavacanasaṅgaho, āgamalakkhaṇavasena vibhattivacanasaṅgaho, kālavasena vibhattivacanasaṅgaho, kālasaṅgaho, pakaraṇasaṃsandanā, vattamānādīnaṃ vacanatthavibhāvanā cāti navadhā vinicchayo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atthuddhāre tāva samānasutikapadānamatthuddhāraṇaṃ karissāma. Etthākhyātapadasaññitānaṃ <span class="bld">bhoti</span>sadda <span class="bld">bhave</span>saddānamattho uddharitabbo. Tathā hete nāmikapadasaññitehi aparehi <span class="bld">bhoti</span>sadda <span class="bld">bhave</span>saddehi samānasutikāpi asamānatthā ceva honti asamānavibhattikā ca. Sāsanasmiñhi <a name="M0.0042"></a> keci saddā aññamaññaṃ samānasutikā samānāpi asamānatthā asamānapavattinimittā asamānaliṅgā asamānavibhattikā asamānavacanakā asamānantā asamānakālikā asamānapadajātikā ca bhavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tesamasamānatthatte ‘‘sabbañhi taṃ jīrati dehanissitaṃ. Appassutāyaṃ puriso, balibaddova jīrati. Santo tasito. Pahu santo na bharati. Santo ācikkhate muni. Santo sappurisā loke. Santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’nti evamādayo payogā. Ettha <span class="bld">jīrati</span>saddadvayaṃ yathāsambhavaṃ navabhāvāpagamavaḍḍhanavācakaṃ. <span class="bld">Santo</span>saddapañcakaṃ yathāsambhavaṃ parissamappattasamānopasantopalabbhamānavācakanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Asamānapavattinimittatte pana ‘‘akataññū mittadubbhī, assaddho akataññūcā’’tievamādayo. Ettha ca <span class="bld">akataññū</span>saddadvayaṃ katākatājānanajānanapavattinimittaṃ paṭicca sambhūtattā asamānapavattinimittakanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Asamānaliṅgatte ‘‘sukhī hotu pañcasikha sakko devānamindo. Tvañca bhadde sukhī hohi. Yattha sā upaṭṭhito hoti. Mātā me atthi, sā mayā posetabbā’’ti evamādayo. Ettha <span class="bld">sukhī</span>saddadvayaṃ <span class="bld">sā</span>saddadvayañca pumitthiliṅgavasena asamānaliṅganti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Asamānavibhattikatte ‘‘āhāre udare yato. Yato pajānāti sahetudhamma’’nti evamādayo. Ettha <span class="bld">yatosa</span>ddadvayaṃ <a name="M0.0043"></a> paṭhamāpañcamīvibhattisahitattā asamānavibhattikanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Asamānavacanakatte ime payogā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yāya mātu bhato poso, imaṃ lokaṃ avekkhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tampi pāṇadadiṃ santiṃ, hanti kuddho puthujjano’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādīsu <span class="bld">hanti</span>saddo ekavacano.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ime nūna araññasmiṃ, migasaṅghāni luddakā;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Vākurāhi parikkhippa, sobbhaṃ pātetvā tāvade;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vikkosamānā tibbāhi, hanti nesaṃ varaṃ vara’’nti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādīsu pana bahuvacano. ‘‘Sīlavā vattasampanno. Etha tumhe āyasmanto sīlavā hotha. Santo danto niyato brahmacārī. Santo have sabbhi pavedayanti. Mahārājā yasassī so. Cattāro mahārājā’’ti evamādīsu <span class="bld">sīlavā</span>saddādayo ekavacanabahuvacanakā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Asamānantatte pana yattha samānasutikānaṃ asamānavibhattikattaṃ vā asamānavacanattaṃ vā upalabbhati. Teyeva payogā. Taṃ yathā? ‘‘Sataṃ sampajānaṃ, sataṃ dhammo, santo danto, santo sappurisā’’ iccevamādayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Asamānakālatte ‘‘nanu te sutaṃ brāhmaṇa bhaññamāne, devā na issanti purisaparakkamassa. Te janā pāramissanti, maccudheyyaṃ suduttara’’nti evamādayo. Ettha <span class="bld">issanti</span>saddadvayaṃ vattamānābhavissantīkālavasena asamānakālanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Vattamānābhavissantīvibhattivasena pana asamānavibhattikantipi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Asamānapadajātikatte <a name="M0.0044"></a> ‘‘sayaṃ samāhito nāgo, sayaṃ abhiññāya kamuddiseyyaṃ. Pathe dhāvantiyā pati, ekaṃsaṃ ajinaṃ katvā, pādesu sirasā pati. Giriṃ caṇḍoraṇaṃ patī’’ti evamādayo. Ettha <span class="bld">sayaṃ</span>saddadvayaṃ nāmanipātavasena <span class="bld">pati</span>saddattayaṃ nāmākhyātopasaggavasena asamānapadajātikanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iminā nayena sabbattha vitthāretabbaṃ. Evaṃ sāsanasmiṃ keci saddā aññamaññaṃ samānasutikā samānāpi asamānatthā asamānapavattinimittā asamānaliṅgā asamānavibhattikā asamānavacanakā asamānantā asamānakālikā asamānapadajātikā ca bhavanti. Etādisesu saddesu yo kriyāpadattaṃ pakāseti, na so nāmikapadattaṃ. Yo ca nāmikapadattaṃ pakāseti, na so kriyāpadattaṃ. Evaṃ santepi sutisāmaññato ekattena gahetvā atthuddhāro karaṇīyoti yathāvuttakriyāpadānaṃ nāmapadehi samānasutikānaṃ <span class="bld">bhoti</span>sadda <span class="bld">bhave</span> saddānamatthuddhāraṃ vadāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ? <span class="bld">Bhoti</span>saddo kattuyoge kriyāpadaṃ, kriyāyoge nāmikapadaṃ, tasmā so dvīsu atthesu vattati kriyāpadatthe nāmikapadatthe ca. Tattha kriyāpadatthe vattamānavasena, nāmikapadatthe panālapanavasena. Kriyāpadatthe tāva ‘‘eko bhoti’’, nāmikapadatthe ‘‘mā bhoti paridevesi’’. Atridaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bhāve nāmapadatthe ca, ālapanavisesite;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Imesu dvīsu atthesu, <span class="bld">bhoti</span>saddo pavattati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhave</span>saddo <a name="M0.0045"></a> pana ‘‘bhavāmī’’timassa vattamānāvibhattiyuttassa saddassatthepi vattati. ‘‘Bhavāmī’’timassa pañcamīvibhattiyuttassa saddassa āṇatyāsīsanatthesupi vattati. ‘‘Bhaveyyāmī’’timassa sattamīvibhattisahitassa saddassa anumatiparikappatthesupi vattati. Tatridaṃ paṭhamatthassa sādhakaṃ āhaccavacanaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Devānaṃ adhiko homi, bhavāmi manujādhipo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Rūpalakkhaṇasampanno, paññāya asamo bhave’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana sabbesaṃ tesamatthānaṃ sādhikā amhākaṃ gāthāracanā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sukhī bhavati eso ca, ahañcāpi sukhī bhave;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sukhī bhavatu eso ca, ahañcāpi sukhī bhave.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Imāya buddhapūjāya, bhavantu sukhitā pajā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhave’hañca sukhappatto, sāmacco saha ñātibhi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sukhī bhaveyya eso ca, ahañcāpi sukhī bhave;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sukhī bhaveyya ce eso, ahañcāpi sukhī bhave’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iccevaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vattamānāya pañcamyaṃ, sattamyañca vibhattiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Etesu tīsu ṭhānesu, <span class="bld">bhave</span>saddo pavattati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ekadhā vattamānāyaṃ, pañcamīsattamīsu ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dvedhā dvedhātimassatthaṃ, pañcadhā paridīpaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dvedhā vā vattamānāya-mādipurisavācako;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Attho ‘‘bhave’’ti etassa, ‘‘bhavatī’’tipiyujjati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Idāni pana etassa, vuttassatthassa sādhakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ettha pāḷippadesaṃ tu, āharissaṃ suṇātha me.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ko’yaṃ <a name="M0.0046"></a> majjhesamuddasmiṃ, apassaṃ tīramāyuhe;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kaṃ tvaṃ atthavasaṃ ñatvā, evaṃ vāyamase bhusaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nisamma vattaṃ lokassa, vāyāmassa ca devate;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā majjhesamuddasmiṃ, apassaṃ tīramāyuhe.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Assaṃ purimagāthāyaṃ, ‘‘āyuhe’’tipadassa hi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Āyūhatī’’ti atthoti, viññātabbo vibhāvinā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vibhattiyā vipallāsa-vasenāyaṃ samīrito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vattamāne sattamīti, tissekāravasena vā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pacchimāya ca gāthāyaṃ, ‘‘āyuhe’’tipadassa tu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Āyūhāmī’’ti atthoti, saddatthaññū vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tathā ‘‘bhave’’tietassa, vattamānāvibhattiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Bhavatī’’ti, ‘‘bhavāmī’’ti, catthaṃ dvedhā vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evaṃvidhesu aññesu, pāṭhesupi ayaṃ nayo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Netabbo nayadakkhena, nayasāgarasāsane.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamayaṃ <span class="bld">bhave</span>saddo pañcasu chasu vā kriyāpadatthesu pavattati. Tathā sattamīvibhatyantanāmikapadassa vuddhisaṃsārakammabhavūpapattibhavasaṅkhātesu atthesupi. Tathā hi ‘‘abhave nandati tassa, bhave tassa na nandatī’’tiādīsu vuddhimhi. ‘‘Bhave vicaranto’’tiādīsu saṃsāre. ‘‘Bhave kho sati jāti hoti, jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇa’’ntiādīsu kammabhave. ‘‘Evaṃ bhavevijjamāne’’tiādīsu upapattibhaveti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Iminā nayena <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātuto nipphannānaṃ aññatopi aññesaṃ kriyāpadānaṃ yathāsambhavamattho uddharitabbo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ākhyātatthamhime <a name="M0.0047"></a> atthā, na lātabbā kudācanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atthuddhāravasenete, uddhaṭā nāmato yato.</p>
<p class="unindented">Idamettha saṅkhepato atthuddhāranayanidassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atthasaddacintāyaṃ pana evamupalakkhetabbaṃ – ‘‘bhavante, parābhavante, parābhave’’iccādayo <span class="bld">gacchati gacchaṃ gacchato</span>saddādayo viya visesasaddā, na yācanopatāpanatthādivācako <span class="bld">nāthati</span>saddo viya, na ca rājadevatādivācako <span class="bld">deva</span>saddo viya sāmaññasaddā. Ye cettha visesasaddā, te sabbakālaṃ visesasaddāva. Ye ca sāmaññasaddā, tepi sabbakālaṃ sāmaññasaddāva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra <span class="bld">gacchatī</span>tiādīnaṃ visesasaddatā evaṃ daṭṭhabbā – <span class="bld">gacchatī</span>ti ekaṃ nāmapadaṃ, ekamākhyātaṃ. Tathā <span class="bld">gaccha</span>nti ekaṃ nāmapadaṃ, ekamākhyātaṃ. <span class="bld">Gacchato</span>ti eko kitanto, aparo rūḷhīsaddo. Satipi visesasaddatte sadisattā sutisāmaññato tabbisayaṃ buddhiṃ nuppādeti vināva’tthappakaraṇasaddantarābhisambandhena. Tathā hi saddantarābhisambandhena ‘‘gacchati patiṭṭhita’’nti vutte sattamyantaṃ nāmapadanti viññāyati. ‘‘Gacchati tisso’’ti vutte panākhyātanti. Tathā ‘‘sa gacchaṃ na nivattatī’’ti vutte paṭhamantaṃ nāmapadanti viññāyati. ‘‘Gacchaṃ puttanivedako’’ti vutte ākhyātanti viññāyati. ‘‘Gacchato hayato patito’’ti vutte kitantoti viññāyati. ‘‘Gacchato paṇṇapupphāni patantī’’ti vutte rukkhavācako rūḷhīsaddoti. Iti visesasaddānaṃ ākhyātanāmānaṃ nāmākhyātehi samānasutikānaṃ atthābhisambandhādīsu yo koci atthavisesañāpako sambandho avassamicchitabbo. Evaṃ ‘‘gacchatī’’tiādīnaṃ ākhyātanāmattādivasena paccekaṃ ṭhitānaṃ ekekatthavācakānaṃ visesasaddatā daṭṭhabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Nāthati <a name="M0.0048"></a> devo’’tiādīnaṃ pana ākhyātanāmānaṃ nāmākhyātehi asamānasutikānaṃ anekatthavācakānaṃ sāmaññasaddatā eva daṭṭhabbā. Atthasambandhādīsu hi vinā yena kenaci sambandhena ‘‘nāthatī’’ti vutte ‘‘yācatī’’ti vā ‘‘upatāpetī’’ti vā ‘‘issariyaṃ karotī’’ti vā ‘‘āsīsatī’’ti vā attho paṭibhāti, tathā ‘‘devo’’ti vutte ‘‘megho’’ti vā ‘‘ākāso’’ti vā ‘‘rājā’’ti vā ‘‘devatā’’ti vā ‘‘visuddhidevo’’ti vā attho paṭibhāti. Yadā pana saddantarābhisambandhena ‘‘nāthati suppaṭipatti’’nti vutte tadā ‘‘nāthatī’’ti kriyāpadassa ‘‘yācatī’’ti attho viññāyati, ‘‘nāthati sabbakilese’’ti vutte ‘‘upatāpetī’’ti attho viññāyati. ‘‘Nāthati sakacitte’’ti vutte ‘‘issariyaṃ karotī’’ti attho viññāyati. ‘‘Nāthati lokassa hita’’nti vutte ‘‘āsīsatī’’ti attho viññāyati. Tathā ‘‘devo gajjatī’’ti vutte ‘‘devo’’ti nāmapadassa ‘‘megho’’ti attho viññāyati. ‘‘Viddho vigatavalāhako devo’’ti vutte ‘‘ākāso’’ti attho viññāyati. ‘‘Pivatu devo pānīya’’nti vutte ‘‘rājā’’ti attho viññāyati. ‘‘Devo devakāyā cavati āyusaṅkhayā’’ti vutte ‘‘devatā’’ti attho viññāyati. ‘‘Devātidevo satapuññalakkhaṇo’’ti vutte ‘‘visuddhidevo’’ti attho viññāyati. Iminā nayena aññepi sāmaññasaddā ñātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbametaṃ ñatvā yathā attho saddena, saddo catthena na virujjhati, tathātthasaddā cintanīyā. Tatridaṃ upalakkhaṇamattaṃ cintākāranidassanaṃ – ‘‘atthakusalā bhavante’’ti vā ‘‘kiccāni bhavante’’ti vā vutte ‘‘bhavante’’ti idaṃ ‘‘bhavantī’’timinā samānatthamākhyātapadanti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Bhavante passāmī’’ti vā ‘‘icchāmī’’ti vā vutte upayogatthavaṃ <a name="M0.0049"></a> nāmapadanti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Bhavante jane pasaṃsatī’’ti vā ‘‘kāmetī’’ti vā vutte paccattopayogatthavantāni dve nāmapadānīti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Corā parābhavante’’ti vutte ‘‘parābhavante’’ti idaṃ ‘‘parābhavantī’’timinā samānatthamākhyātikapadanti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Parābhavante janā icchanti amittāna’’nti vutte ‘‘parābhavante’’ti imāni upayogapaccattatthavantāni dve nāmapadānīti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Eso parābhave’’ti vutte ‘‘parābhave’’ti idaṃ ‘‘parābhaveyyā’’timinā samānatthamākhyātapadanti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Ete parābhave loke, paṇḍito samavekkhiyā’’ti vutte ‘‘parābhave’’ti idaṃ upayogatthavaṃ bahuvacanaṃ nāmapadanti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Parābhave satī’’ti vutte bhāvalakkhaṇabhummatthekavacanakaṃ nāmapadanti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Tumhe me pasādā sambhave’’ti vutte ‘‘sambhave’’ti idaṃ ‘‘sambhavathā’’timinā samānatthamākhyātapadanti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Ehi tvaṃ sambhavavhe’’ti vutte ‘‘sambhavavhe’’ti idaṃ sambhavāya nāma itthiyā vācakaṃ itthiliṅgaṃ sālapanaṃ nāmikapadanti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Ehi tvaṃ sambhavavhepatiṭṭhita’’nti vutte sambhavanāmakassa purisassa vācakaṃ pulliṅgaṃ bhummavacananti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Varuṇo brahmadevo ca, ahesuṃ aggasāvakā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sambhavo nāmupaṭṭhāko, revatassa mahesino’’ti –</p>
<p class="unindented">Hi pāḷi. ‘‘Dhammā pātubhavante’’ti vutte ‘‘pātubhavante’’ti idaṃ ‘‘pātubhavantī’’timinā samānatthaṃ sanipātamākhyātapadanti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Pātu bhavante jane’’ti vutte ‘‘te jane bhavaṃ rakkhatū’’ti atthavācakāni ākhyātakitantasabbanāmikapadānīti <a name="M0.0050"></a> evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Pātubhavase tvaṃ guṇehī’’ti vutte ‘‘pātubhavase’’ti idaṃ ‘‘pātubhavasī’’timinā samānatthamākhyātapadanti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Pātubhavase guṇe yo tva’’nti vutte ‘‘pātubhavāhi attano guṇahetu tva’’nti atthavācakāninipātayuttākhyātanāmapadānīti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Ahamattano guṇehi pātubhave’’ti vutte ‘‘pātubhave’’ti idaṃ ‘‘pātubhavāmī’’timinā samānatthaṃ sanipātamākhyātapadanti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. ‘‘Maṃ pātu bhave idaṃ puññakamma’’nti vutte ‘‘maṃ rakkhatu saṃsāre idaṃ puññakamma’’nti atthavācakāni ākhyātanāmapadānīti evamattho ca saddo ca cintanīyo. Iminā nayena sabbattha yathārahamatthasaddā cintanīyā. Tattha samānasutikānaṃ kesañci saddānaṃ ‘‘na tesaṃ koṭṭhe openti. Na tesaṃ antarā gacche. Satta vo licchavī aparihānīye dhamme desessāmi, ime te deva sattavo, tvañca uttamasattavo’’tiādīsu samānasutikānaṃ viya uccāraṇaviseso icchanīyo. Uccāraṇavisese hi sati padāni paribyattāni, padesu paribyattesu attho paribyatto hoti, atthapariggāhakānaṃ atthādhigamo akiccho hoti, suparisuddhādāsatale paṭibimbadassanaṃ viya, so ca gahitapubbasaṅketassa atthasambandhādīsu aññatarasmiṃ ñāteyeva hoti, na itarathā. Vuttañhetaṃ porāṇehi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Visayattamanāpannā, saddā nevatthabodhakā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na padamattato atthe, te aññātā pakāsakā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadidamettha vuttamamhehi ‘‘uccāraṇaviseso icchanīyo’’ti. Atrāyamuccāraṇavisesadīpanī gāthā sahatthappakāsananayadānagāthāya.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Na <a name="M0.0051"></a> te saṃ koṭṭhe openti’’, iti pāṭhe sumedhaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Padaṃ ‘‘na te’’ti chinditvā, ‘‘saṃ koṭṭhe’’ti paṭheyya ve.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Saṃ na openti koṭṭhe te, bhikkhū’’ti atthamīraye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evamimesu aññesu, pāṭhesupi ayaṃ nayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha yaṃ panidampi vuttaṃ ‘‘kesañcī’’ti, taṃ kimatthaṃ? ‘‘Gacchati patiṭṭhitaṃ, gacchati tisso, bhavante passāmi, atthakusalā bhavante, vadantaṃ ekapokkharā, vadantaṃ paṭivadatī’’tiādīsu samānasutikānamuccāraṇaviseso na labbhatīti dassanatthaṃ. Tasmā idamettha sallakkhetabbaṃ – yattha samānasutikānamuccāraṇaviseso labbhati atthaviseso ca padānaṃ vibhāgavasena vā avibhāgavasena vā, tattha payoge samānasutikamekaccaṃ padaṃ vicchinditvā uccāretabbaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ? ‘‘Hetu hetusampayuttakānaṃ dhammānaṃ taṃsamuṭṭhānānañca rūpānaṃ hetupaccayena paccayo. So tena saddhiṃ bhāsati, sotena vuyhati. Bhavante jane pasaṃsati, bhavante passāmī’’ti evamādayo payogā. Ettha ‘‘hetū’’ti īsakaṃ vicchinditvā ‘‘hetusampayuttāna’’nti uccāretabbaṃ. Tathā ‘‘so’’ti vicchinditvā ‘‘tena saddhi’’nti uccāretabbaṃ. ‘‘Bhava’’nti vicchinditvā ‘‘te jane’’ti uccāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sesaṃ pana samānasutikaṃ vicchinditvā na uccāretabbaṃ. Avicchindanīyasmiñhi ṭhāne vicchinditvā paṭhitassa attho duṭṭho hoti. Evaṃ padavibhāgāvibhāgavasena samānasutikānamatthuccāraṇaviseso veditabbo. Ettha hi ‘‘so tenā’’tiādīsu dvipadatthaggahaṇaṃ vibhāgo, ekapadatthaggahaṇamavibhāgoti adhippeto. Ettha ca visuṃ vavatthitānaṃ asamānasutikānaṃ ekato katvā samānasutikabhāvaparikappanaṃ atthantaraviññāpanatthañceva uccāraṇavisesadassanatthañca. Na hi etāni <a name="M0.0052"></a> ‘‘sappo sappo’’tiādīsu viya ekasmiṃyevatthe samānasutikāni. Evaṃ santepi ekajjhakaraṇena laddhaṃ samānasutilesaṃ gahetvā atthantaraviññāpanatthaṃ uccāraṇavisesadassanatthañca ‘‘samānasutikānī’’ti vuttāni. Esa nayo aññatrāpi īdisesu ṭhānesu. Idamettha sallakkhetabbaṃ –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yattha samānasutikānaṃ aṭṭhārasākāresu yena kenaci ākārena atthaviseso labbhati, vicchinditvā pana uccāraṇe saddavilāso na hoti, attho vā duṭṭho hoti, na tādisesu payogesu samānasutikāni padāni vicchinditvā uccāretabbāni. Tatra katamena cākārena atthavisesalābho bhavati? Padānaṃ vibhāgavasena vā avibhāgavasena vā akkharasannidhānavasena vā padasannidhānavasena vā padakkharasannidhānavasena vā vicchāvasena vā kammappavacanīyavasena vā bhayakodhādīsu uppannesu kathitāmeḍitavacanavasena vā guṇavācakasaddassa dviruttavasena vā kriyāpadassa dviruttavasena vā saṃhitāpadacchedavasena vā agāravatthaparidīpanavasena vā nirantaratthaparidīpanavasena vā nanirantaratthaparidīpanavasena vā ‘‘punappuna’’miccatthaparidīpanavasena vā upamāne <span class="bld">iva</span> saddavasena vā <span class="bld">iti</span>saddaṃ paṭicca saddapadatthavācakatthaparidīpanavasena vā tathāpavattacittaparidīpanavasena vāti imesuṭṭhārasākāresu, vitthārato pana chabbīsāya ākāresu tato vādhikesu yena kenaci ākārena atthavisesalābho bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha padānaṃ tāva vibhāgavasena vā avibhāgavasena vā samānasutikānamatthavisesalābhe ‘‘sā naṃ saṅgati pāleti, abhikkamo sānaṃ paññāyati. Mā no deva avadhi, māno mayhaṃ na vijjatī’’ti evamādayo payogā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Akkharasannidhānavasena <a name="M0.0053"></a> pana atthavisesalābhe ‘‘santehi mahito hito. Saṅgā saṅgāmajiṃ muttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ. Dāṭhī dāṭhīsu pakkhandi, maññamāno yathā pure. Sabbābhibhuṃva sirasāsirasā namāmi. Bhūmito uṭṭhitā yāva, brahmalokā vidhāvati. Acci accimato loke, ḍayhamānamhi tejasā’’ti evamādayo payogā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Padasannidhānavasena atthavisesalābhe ‘‘āpo āpogataṃ. Rājarājamahāmattādayo, sukho’lokassa lokassa, kārako ñāṇacakkhudo, nirāpade pade ninno, anantañāṇaṃ karuṇālayaṃ layaṃ, malassa buddhaṃ susamāhitaṃ hitaṃ. Namāmi dhammaṃ bhavasaṃvaraṃ varaṃ, guṇākarañceva niraṅgaṇaṃ gaṇa’’nti evamādayo payogā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Padakkharasannidhānavasena atthavisesalābhe ‘‘pamāṇarahitaṃ hitaṃ, siddhattho sabbasiddhattho, tilokamahito hito. Upagantvāna sambuddho, idaṃ vacanamabravī’’ti evamādayo payogā. Tatrimā akkharasannidhānādīsu adhippāyaviññāpaniyo gāthā –</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Mahito</span>iti saddamhā, <span class="bld">ma</span>kāro ce vivecito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saddo niratthako ettha, ‘‘akkhara’’nti vade budho.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ñeyyā akkharayogena,</p>
<p class="gatha2">‘‘Santehi mahito hito’’;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Iccādīsu sarūpānaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Hoti atthavisesatā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Upasaggā nipātā ca, yañcaññaṃ atthajotakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ekakkharampi viññūhi, taṃ ‘‘pada’’nti samīritaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Padānaṃ <a name="M0.0054"></a> sannidhānañca, padakkharānameva ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samāse labbhamānattaṃ, sandhāya lapitaṃ mayā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vicchāvasena atthavisesalābhe ‘‘gāme gāme sataṃ kumbhā, gāmo gāmo ramaṇīyo’’ti evamādayo payogā. Ettha hi vicchāvasena sabbepi gāmā pariggahitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nānādhikaraṇānaṃ tu, vattumekakkhaṇamhi yā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Icchato byāpituṃ icchā, sā <span class="bld">vicchā</span>ti pakittitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kammappavacanīyavasena atthavisesalābhe ‘‘rukkhaṃ rukkhaṃ pati vijjotate cando, rukkhaṃ rukkhaṃ pari vijjotate cando’’ti payogā, rukkhānaṃ upari upari vijjotateti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhayakodhādīsu uppannesu kathitāmeḍitavacanavasena pana atthavisesalābhe ime payogā – bhaye tāva ‘‘coro coro, sappo sappo’’iccādayo. Kodhe ‘‘vasala vasala, caṇḍāla caṇḍāla, vijjha vijjha, pahara pahara’’iccādayo. Pasaṃsāyaṃ ‘‘sādhu sādhu sāriputta, abhikkantaṃ bhante abhikkantaṃ bhante’’iccādayo. Turite ‘‘abhikkama vāseṭṭha abhikkama vāseṭṭha, gaccha gaccha, lunāhi lunāhi’’iccādayo. Kotūhale ‘‘āgaccha āgaccha’’iccādayo. Acchariye ‘‘aho buddho aho buddho’’iccādayo. Hāse ‘‘aho sukhaṃ aho sukhaṃ, aho manāpaṃ aho manāpaṃ’’iccādayo. Soke ‘‘kahaṃ ekaputtaka kahaṃ ekaputtaka’’iccādayo. Pasāde ‘‘bhavissanti vajjī bhavissanti vajjī’’iccādayo. Evaṃ bhayakodhādīsu uppannesu kathitāmeḍitavacanavasena atthavisesalābho bhavati. Ettha pana atthantarābhāvepi daḷhīkammavasena padānamatthajotakabhāvoyeva atthavisesalābho.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bhaye <a name="M0.0055"></a> kodhe pasaṃsāyaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Turite kotūhala’cchare;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Hāse soke pasāde ca,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kare āmeḍitaṃ budho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ca</span>saddo avuttasamuccayattho, tena garahāasammānādīnaṃ saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. ‘‘Pāpo pāpo’’tiādīsu hi garahāyaṃ. ‘‘Abhirūpaka abhirūpakā’’tiādīsu asammāne. ‘‘Kvāyaṃ abalabalo viyā’’tiādīsu atisayatthe āmeḍitaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Guṇavācakassa dviruttavasena atthavisesalābhe ‘‘kaṇho kaṇho ca ghoro cā’’ti evamādayo. ‘‘Kaṇho kaṇho’’ti hi atīva kaṇhoti attho. Kriyāpadassa dviruttavasena atthavisesalābhe ‘‘dhame dhame nātidhame’’ti evamādayo. Tattha <span class="bld">dhame dhame</span>ti dhameyya no na dhameyya. <span class="bld">Nātidhame</span>ti pamāṇātikkantaṃ pana na dhameyya. Saṃhitāpadacchedavasena atthavisesalābhe ‘‘narānarā, surāsurā, katākatakusalākusalavisayaṃ vippaṭisārākārena pavattaṃ anusocanaṃ kukkucca’’nti evamādayo. Ettha pana viññūnaṃ paramakosallajananatthaṃ silokaṃ racayāma –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Hitāhitā hitaṃhitaṃ, ānubhāvena te jina;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pavarāpavarāhacca, bhavāmā’nāmayā mayanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Agāravatthaparidīpanavasena atthavisesalābhe ‘‘tuvaṃtuvaṃ pesuññakalahaviggahavivādā’’ti evamādayo. Nirantaratthaparidīpanavasena atthavisesalābhe ‘‘divase divase paribhuñjatī’’ti evamādayo. Nanirantaratthaparidīpanavasena atthavisesalābhe <a name="M0.0056"></a> ‘‘khaṇe khaṇe pīti uppajjatī’’ti evamādayo. ‘‘Punappuna’’miccatthaparidīpanavasena atthavisesalābhe ‘‘muhuṃ muhuṃ bhāyayate kumāre’’ti evamādayo. Upamāne <span class="bld">iva</span>saddavasena atthavisesalābhe ‘‘rājā rakkhatu dhammena, attanova pajaṃ paja’’nti evamādayo. <span class="bld">Iti</span>saddaṃ paṭicca saddapadatthavācakattaparidīpanavasena atthavisesalābhe ‘‘buddho buddhoti kathayanto, somanassaṃ pavedayi’’nti evamādayo. Tathāpavattacittaparidīpanavasena atthavisesalābhe ‘‘buddho buddhoti cintento, maggaṃ sodhemahaṃ tadā’’ti evamādayo. Evaṃ īdisesu payogesu samānasutikapadaṃ vicchinditvā na uccāretabbaṃ. Vicchinditvā hi uccāraṇe sati saddavilāso na bhavati, katthaci pana ‘‘katākatākusalākusalavisaya’’nti evamādīsu vicchinditvā uccāritassa attho duṭṭho hoti, tasmā vicchinditvā na uccāretabbaṃ, ekābaddhaṃyeva katvā uccāretabbaṃ. Iti samānasutikesu vinicchayo chabbīsāya ākārehi adhikehi ca maṇḍetvā dassito.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā pana samānasutikesu vinicchaye dassite asamānasutikesupi vinicchayo dassetabbo hoti, tasmā tampi dassessāma – yattha niggahītamhā parākāralopopi pāṭho paññāyati, saṃyogabyañjanassa visaṃyogattampi. Tesu payogesu niggahītapadaṃ anantarapadena saddhiṃ ekābaddhaṃyeva katvā uccāretabbaṃ. Katamāni tāni? ‘‘Sace bhutto bhaveyyāhaṃ-sā’jīvo garahito mama. Pupphaṃ’sā uppajji. Khayamattaṃ na nibbānaṃ’sa gambhīrādivācato’’ti evamādayo. Ettha hi ‘‘sace bhutto bhaveyyāha’’ntiādinā vicchedamakatvā <a name="M0.0057"></a> anantare dvīsu gāthāpadesu antarībhūtānaṃ dvinnaṃ samānasutikapadānaṃ ekato uccāraṇamiva anantarapadehi saddhiṃ ekābaddhuccāraṇavasena ‘‘sace bhutto bhaveyyāhaṃ-sā’jīvo garahito mamā’’tiādinā uccāretabbaṃ. Evarūpoyeva hi uccāraṇaviseso sakalehipi porāṇehi viññūhi anumato uccārito ca ‘‘assa ājīvo garahito mama, assā uppajji, assa gambhīrādivācato’’tievamādiatthappaṭipādanassānurūpattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yattha pana yādise uccāraṇe kariyamāne attho paribyatto hoti, tesu payogesu kvaci <span class="bld">ca</span>sadda <span class="bld">pana</span>saddādiyogaṭṭhāne īsakaṃ vicchinditvā padamuccāretabbaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ? ‘‘Vāḷā ca lapasakkharā. Accantasantā pana yā, ayaṃ nibbānasampadā, ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti vācaṃ bhāsato ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti ñāṇaṃ pavattatīti? Āmantā. <span class="bld">I</span>ti ca <span class="bld">da</span>nti ca <span class="bld">du</span>ti ca <span class="bld">kha</span>nti ca ñāṇaṃ pavattatīti? Na hevaṃ vattabbe’’ti evamādayo payogā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etesu hi paṭhamapayoge ‘‘vāḷā cā’’ti īsakaṃ vicchinditvā ‘‘lapasakkharā’’ti uccāretabbaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">lapasakkharā</span>ti sakkharasadisamadhuravacanā. <span class="bld">Jātakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> pana ‘‘niratthakavacanehi sakkharā viya madhurā’’ti vuttaṃ, tasmātra bahubbīhitappurisavasena dvidhā samāso daṭṭhabbo ‘‘lapā sakkharā viya yāsaṃ tā lapasakkharā, lapehi vā sakkharā viyāti lapasakkharā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dutiyapayoge ‘‘accantasantā pana’’iti īsakaṃ vicchinditvā ‘‘yā’’ti uccāretabbaṃ. Yā pana ayaṃ nibbānasampadā accantasantāti hi attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatiyapayoge <a name="M0.0058"></a> <span class="bld">i</span>ti ca <span class="bld">da</span>nti ca <span class="bld">du</span>ti ca <span class="bld">kha</span>nti cāti etesu catūsu ṭhānesu ikārañca <span class="bld">daṃ</span>kārañca <span class="bld">du</span>kārañca <span class="bld">khaṃ</span>kārañca īsakaṃ vicchinditvā tadanantaraṃ <span class="bld">ti ca</span> saddā uccāretabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha hi avicchinditvā uccāraṇe sati aññathā gahetabbattā attho duṭṭho bhavati. Kathaṃ? Īdisesu ṭhānesu avicchinditvā uccāraṇe sati <span class="bld">iti</span>saddo evanti atthavācako nipāto siyā, sandhivasena pana <span class="bld">i</span>kāratthavācako rūḷhīsaddo na siyā. <span class="bld">Danti</span>saddo damanattho siyā, <span class="bld">daṃ</span>kāravācako na siyā. <span class="bld">Duti</span>saddo niratthako siyā, <span class="bld">du</span>kāravācako na siyā. <span class="bld">Khanti</span>saddo khamanattho siyā, <span class="bld">khaṃ</span>kāravācako na siyā. Tasmā <span class="bld">i</span>kāra <span class="bld">daṃ</span>kāra <span class="bld">du</span>kāra <span class="bld">khaṃ</span>kārāni īsakaṃ vicchinditabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha hi <span class="bld">i</span>iti <span class="bld">daṃ</span>iti <span class="bld">du</span>iti <span class="bld">khaṃ</span>itītiādinā saṃhitāpadacchedo veditabbo, parabhūtassa ca <span class="bld">i</span>kārassa lopo. Na panettha idaṃ vattabbaṃ ‘‘sarūpasarānaṃ visaye parabhūtassa sarūpasarassa lopo na hoti, pubbasarasseva lopo hoti tatrāyanti ettha viyā’’ti ‘‘akilāsuno vaṇṇapathe khaṇantā, udaṅgaṇe tattha papaṃ avindu’’nti pāḷiyaṃ sarūpaparasarassa lopadassanato. Tathā hi aṭṭhakathācariyehi ‘‘pavaddhaṃ āpaṃ papa’’nti attho saṃvaṇṇito. Tasmā ‘‘iti cā’’ti etthāpi <span class="bld">i</span>iti cāti chedaṃ katvā dvīsu ikāresu parassa <span class="bld">i</span>kārassa lopo kātabbo, na pubbassa.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pubbasmiñhi <span class="bld">i</span>kāravācake <span class="bld">i</span>kāre naṭṭhe sati nipātabhūtena <span class="bld">iti</span>saddena <span class="bld">i</span>kārasaṅkhāto attho na viññāyeyya, nipātabhūtassa pana <span class="bld">iti</span>saddassa <span class="bld">i</span>kāre naṭṭhepi so attho viññāyateva ‘‘devadattoti me suta’’nti ettha <a name="M0.0059"></a> devadattapadattho viya. Tasmā <span class="bld">iti</span>saddassa parabhūtassa <span class="bld">i</span>kārasseva lopo kātabbo, na pubbassa <span class="bld">i</span>kāravācakassa <span class="bld">i</span>kārassa. Kaccāyane pana yebhuyyappavattiṃ sandhāya asarūpasarato parasseva asarūpasarassa lopo vutto, na sarūpasarato parassa sarūpasarassa. Mahāpadesasuttehi vā sarūpassa parasarassa lopo vuttoti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Antarā ca rājagahaṃ antarā ca nāḷanda’’ntiādīsu pana <span class="bld">ca</span>saddādiyogaṭṭhānepi sati vicchinditvā padaṃ na uccāretabbaṃ. Yattha ca āgamakkharādīni dissanti, tesu payogesu pubbapadāni vicchinditvā na uccāretabbāni, āgamakkharavantehi parapadehi saddhiṃyeva uccāretabbāni. Seyyathidaṃ? ‘‘Nakkhattarājāriva tārakānaṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca’’iccevamādayo payogā. Yattha yesaṃ visuṃ visuṃ sambandho dissati, attho ca yujjati, tattha tāni atthānurūpaṃ vicchinditvā uccāretabbāni. Seyyathidaṃ? ‘‘Nahāne ussukkaṃ akāsi, ussukkampi akāsi yāguyā khādanīye bhattasmiṃ’’ iccevamādayo payogā. Ettha hi ‘‘nahāne ussukkaṃ akāsī’’ti vicchinditvā ‘‘ussukkampi akāsi yāguyā khādanīye bhattasmi’’nti uccāretabbaṃ. Evañhi sati na kevalaṃ so bhikkhu nahāneyeva ussukkaṃ akāsi, atha kho yāguyāpi khādanīyepi bhattasmimpi ussukkaṃ akāsīti atthappakāsane samattho bhavati, aṭṭhānappayutto samuccayatthavācako <span class="bld">api</span>saddo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yattha pana yesamitarena vā itarena vā ekekapadena ubhayapadehi vā sambandho dissati sahevatthayuttiyā, tattha tāni yathārahaṃ vicchinditvā uccāretabbāni. Seyyathidaṃ? ‘‘So dhammaṃ desetiādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ <a name="M0.0060"></a> pakāseti. Paṭiccasamuppādaṃ vo bhikkhave desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha sādhukaṃ manasikarotha. Ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāva’’nti evamādayo payogā. Tatrimā adhippāyaviññāpikā gāthā –</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Dhamma</span>saddena vā <span class="bld">brahma-cariya</span>saddena vā padaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yojetvā īraye viññū, ‘‘sātthaṃ sabyañjana’’ntidaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sādhuka’’nti padaṃ viññū, ‘‘suṇāthā’’ti padena vā;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Tathā ‘‘manasikarotha’’, iti vuttapadena vā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Īraye yojayitvāna, ubhayehi padehi vā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ekamekena sambandho, sambandho ubhayehi vā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dissatīti vijāneyya, saddhimevatthayuttiyā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nattanomatiyā eso, attho ettha mayā ruto;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pubbācariyasīhānaṃ, nayaṃ nissāya me ruto.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evaṃvidhesu aññesu, pāṭhesupi ayaṃ nayo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Netabbo nayadakkhena, sāsanatthagavesinā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Atthānurūpato saddaṃ, atthaṃ saddānurūpato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Cintayitvāna medhāvī, vohare na yathā tathāti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Ayamettha atthasaddacintā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atthātisayayoge evaṃ upalakkhetabbaṃ – <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātuatthātisayayogato vaḍḍhane diṭṭhā ‘‘ekamantaṃ nisinno kho mahānāmo licchavī udānaṃ udānesi ‘bhavissanti vajjī bhavissanti vajjī’ti’’ iti vā ‘‘ahameva dūsiyā bhūnahatā, rañño mahāpatāpassā’’ti vā ‘‘vedā na tāṇāya bhavantidassa, mittadduno bhūnahuno narassā’’ti vā ‘‘bhūnahaccaṃ kataṃ mayā’’ti vā evaṃ vaḍḍhane diṭṭhā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vacanasaṅgahe <a name="M0.0061"></a> evaṃ upalakkhetabbaṃ – vattamānāya vibhattiyā parassapadaṃ majjhimapurisabahuvacanaṃ pañcamiyā parassapadena majjhimapurisabahuvacanena sadisaṃ. Tumhe bhavatha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vattamānapañcamīnaṃ parassapade uttamapurisacatukke ekavacanaṃ ekavacanena, bahuvacanampi bahuvacanena sadisaṃ. Ahaṃ bhavāmi, mayaṃ bhavāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vattamānāya attanopadaṃ majjhimapurisekavacanaṃ hiyyattanajjatanīnaṃ attanopadehi dvīhi majjhimapurisekavacanehi sadisaṃ katthaci vaṇṇasamudāyavasena kiñci visesaṃ vajjetvā, esa nayo uttaratrāpi yojetabbo. Tvaṃ bhavase, idaṃ vattamānāya rūpaṃ. Tvaṃ abhavase, idaṃ hiyyattanajjatanīnaṃ rūpaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vattamānāya attanopadaṃ uttamapurisekavacanaṃ pañcamiyā attanopadenuttamapurisekavacanena ca parokkhāya parassapadena majjhimapurisekavacanena cāti dvīhi vacanehi sadisaṃ. Ahaṃ bhave, idaṃ vattamānapañcamīnaṃ rūpaṃ. Tvaṃ babhūve, idaṃ parokkhāya rūpaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vattamānāya attanopadaṃ uttamapurisabahuvacanaṃ parokkhajjatanīnaṃ attanopadehi dvīhi uttamapurisabahuvacanehi sadisaṃ. Mayaṃ bhavāmhe, idaṃ vattamānāya rūpaṃ. Mayaṃ babhūvimhe, idaṃ parokkhāya rūpaṃ. Mayaṃ abhavimhe, idamajjataniyā rūpaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pañcamiyā attanopadaṃ majjhimapurisabahuvacanaṃ parokkhāya attanopadena majjhimapurisabahuvacanena sadisaṃ. Tumhe bhavavho, idaṃ pañcamiyā rūpaṃ. Tumhe babhūvivho, idaṃ parokkhāya rūpaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Parokkhāya parassapadaṃ paṭhamapurisabahuvacanaṃ hiyyattaniyā parassapadena paṭhamapurisabahuvacanena ca ajjataniyā attanopadena paṭhamapurisabahuvacanena cāti dvīhi vacanehi sadisaṃ. Te babhūvu, idaṃ parokkhāya rūpaṃ. Te abhavu, idaṃ hiyyattanajjatanīnaṃ rūpaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Parokkhāya <a name="M0.0062"></a> parassapadaṃ majjhimapurisabahuvacanaṃ attanopadena paṭhamapurisekavacanena ca hiyyattaniyā parassapadena majjhimapurisabahuvacanena ca attanopadena paṭhamapurisekavacanena ca ajjataniyā parassapadena majjhimapurisabahuvacanena cāti catūhi vacanehi sadisaṃ. Tumhe babhūvittha, so babhūvittha, imāni parokkhāya rūpāni. Tumhe abhavattha, so abhavattha, imāni hiyyattaniyā rūpāni. Tumhe abhavittha, idamajjataniyā rūpaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Parokkhāya parassapadaṃ uttamapurisekavacanaṃ hiyyattaniyā parassapadenuttamapurisekavacanena ca ajjataniyā attanopadenuttamapurisekavacanena cāti dvīhi vacanehi sadisaṃ. Ahaṃ babhūvaṃ, idaṃ parokkhāya rūpaṃ. Ahaṃ abhavaṃ, idaṃ hiyyattanajjatanīnaṃ rūpaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Parokkhāya parassapadaṃ uttamapurisabahuvacanaṃ hiyyattaniyā parassapadenuttamapurisabahuvacanena sadisaṃ. Mayaṃ babhūvimha, idaṃ parokkhāya rūpaṃ. Mayaṃ abhavamha, idaṃ hiyyattaniyā rūpaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Parokkhāya attanopadauttamapurisekavacanaṃ hiyyattaniyā attanopadenuttamapurisekavacanena ca ajjataniyā parassapadenuttamapurisekavacanena cāti dvīhi vacanehi sadisaṃ. Ahaṃ babhūviṃ, idaṃ parokkhāya rūpaṃ. Ahaṃ abhaviṃ, idaṃ hiyyattanajjatanīnaṃ rūpaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Hiyyattaniyā parassapadaṃ paṭhamapurisekavacanaṃ ajjataniyā attanopadena paṭhamapurisekavacanena sadisaṃ. So abhavā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Hiyyattaniyā parassapadaṃ majjhimapurisekavacanaṃ ajjataniyā parassapadena majjhimapurisekavacanena sadisaṃ. Tvaṃ abhavo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhavissantiyā parassapadaṃ majjhimapurisabahuvacanaṃ kālātipattiyā parassapadena majjhimapurisabahuvacanena attanopadena paṭhamapurisekavacanena cāti dvīhi vacanehi sadisaṃ. Tumhe <a name="M0.0063"></a> bhavissatha, idaṃ bhavissantiyā rūpaṃ. Tumhe abhavissatha, so abhavissatha, imāni kālātipattiyā rūpāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhavissantiyā attanopadaṃ majjhimapurisekavacanaṃ kālātipattiyā attanopadena majjhimapurisekavacanena sadisaṃ. Tvaṃ bhavissase, idaṃ bhavissantiyā rūpaṃ. Tvaṃ abhavissase, idaṃ kālātipattiyā rūpaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhavissantiyā attanopadaṃ majjhimapurisabahuvacanaṃ kālātipattiyā attanopadena majjhimapurisabahuvacanena sadisaṃ. Tumhe bhavissavhe, idaṃ bhavissantiyā rūpaṃ. Tumhe abhavissavhe, idaṃ kālātipattiyā rūpaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhavissantiyā attanopadaṃ uttamapurisekavacanaṃ kālātipattiyā parassapadenuttamapurisekavacanena sadisaṃ. Ahaṃ bhavissaṃ, idaṃ bhavissantiyā rūpaṃ. Ahaṃ abhavissaṃ, idaṃ kālātipattiyā rūpaṃ. Sesāni sabbāsamaṭṭhannaṃ vibhattīnaṃ vacanāni aññamaññaṃ visadisānīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Bhavanti catra –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vattamānāpañcamīsu, <span class="bld">tha</span>dvayaṃ samudīritaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Tumhe bhavatha’’iccatra, udāharaṇakaṃ dvidhā.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Mi</span>dvayaṃ <span class="bld">ma</span>dvayañceva, tāsu vuttaṃ dvidhā dvidhā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Bhavāmī’’ti ‘‘bhavāmā’’ti, cettha rūpāni niddise.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vattamānakahiyyatta-najjatanīvibhattisu;</p>
<p class="gatha2"><span class="bld">Se</span>ttayaṃ ‘‘bhavase tva’’nti, vattamānāvibhattito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Abhavase’’ti hiyyatta-najjatanīvibhattito.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vattamānāpañcamikā-parokkhāsu vibhattisu;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">E</span>ttayaṃ lapitaṃ tattha, ādo dvinnaṃ vasena tu.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Jaññā ‘‘ahaṃ bhave’’ti ‘‘tvaṃ, babhūve’’ti parokkhato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vattamānāparokkhajja-tanīsu tīsu sadditaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Mhe</span>ttayaṃ <a name="M0.0064"></a> kamato rūpaṃ, <span class="bld">mayaṃ</span>saddavisesiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Sambhavāmhe babhūvimhe, abhavimhe’’ti niddise.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pañcamikāparokkhāsu, <span class="bld">vho</span>dvayaṃ rūpamettha hi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Bhavavho babhūvivho’’ti, <span class="bld">tumhe</span>saddavisesiyaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Parokkhamhi vā hiyyatta-najjatanīvibhattisu;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">U</span>ttayaṃ ‘‘te babhūvū’’ti, rūpaṃ jaññā parokkhato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Hiyyattanajjatanito, jaññā ‘‘te abhavū’’iti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Parokkhamhi vā hiyyatta-najjatanīvibhattisu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sadditaṃ <span class="bld">tatha</span>saṃyoga- pañcakaṃ iti niddise.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Babhūvittha</span>dvayaṃ tattha, rūpaṃ jaññā parokkhajaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bavhattekattato vuttaṃ, majjhimapaṭhamavhayaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Abhavattha</span>dvayaṃ ñeyyaṃ, hiyyattanīvibhattijaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Bavhattekattato vuttaṃ, majjhimo paṭhamo ca so;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Abhavitthā’’tidaṃ rūpaṃ, ajjatanīvibhattijaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tañca kho bahukattamhi, <span class="bld">tumhe</span>saddena yojaye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Parokkhāvhayahiyyatta-najjatanīsu kittitaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Aṃ</span>tayaṃ tattha ādiyaṃ, ‘‘babhūvaṃ’’rūpamīritaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Duvinnaṃ <span class="bld">abhavaṃ</span>rūpaṃ, <span class="bld">ahaṃ</span>saddena yojaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Parokkhakāhiyyattanī-vasena <span class="bld">mha</span>dukaṃ ‘‘mayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Babhūvimha abhavimha’’, iti rūpadvayaṃ kamā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Parokkhāvhayahiyyatta-najjatanīvibhattisu;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Iṃtayaṃ tu tahiṃ rūpaṃ, ‘‘babhūvi’’nti parokkhajaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Abhavi’’ntītarāsaṃ tu, <span class="bld">ahaṃ</span>saddayutākhilaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Hiyyattanajjatanīsu<a name="M0.0065"></a>, <span class="bld">ā</span>dvayaṃ matamettha hi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Abhavā’’ iti ekatte, rūpaṃ paṭhamaporisaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Hiyyattanajjatanīsu, <span class="bld">o</span>dvayaṃ vuttamettha tu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Abhavo’’iti ekatte, rūpaṃ majjhimaporisaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bhavissantiyakālāti-pattīsu dvīsu bhāsitaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bavhatte bahuekatte, sasaṃyogaṃ <span class="bld">ssatha</span>ttayaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tumhe bhavissathi’’ccetaṃ, bhavissantiyato mataṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha2">‘‘Abhavissatha tumhe’’ti, ‘‘abhavissatha so’’ti ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kālātipattito vuttaṃ, etañhi vacanadvayaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bhavissantiyakālāti-pattīsu samudīritaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Majjhimapurisaṭṭhāne, sasaṃyogaṃ <span class="bld">ssase</span>yugaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhavissase tva’’miccetaṃ, ‘‘tvaṃ abhavissase’’ti ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Imāni tu payogāni, tattha viññū pakāsaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Ssavhe</span>dvayaṃ sena yutaṃ, <span class="bld">ssaṃ</span>dvayañca catukkakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Idampi kathitaṃ dvīsu, yathārutavibhattisu.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhavissavhe’’ti bavhatte, bhavissantikamajjhimo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bavhatte ‘‘abhavissavhe’’, kālātipattimajjhimo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhavissaṃ’’ iti ekatte, bhavissantikamuttamo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Abhavissa’’nti ekatte, kālātipattikuttamo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Iti vuttāni vuttehi, vacanehi samānataṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yante’kaccehi taṃ sabbaṃ, ekatālīsadhā ṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sesāni pañcapaññāsa, asamānāni sabbathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Etaṃ nayaṃ gahetvāna, vade sabbattha sambhavāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayamettha samānāsamānavasena vacanasaṅgaho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āgamalakkhaṇavasena <a name="M0.0066"></a> vibhattivacanasaṅgahe evaṃ upalakkhetabbaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bhavissantīparokkhajja-tanīkālātipattisu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Niccaṃ kvaci kvacā’niccaṃ, <span class="bld">i</span>kārāgamanaṃ bhave.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">I</span>kārāgamanaṃ tañhi, parokkhāyaṃ vibhattiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Bavhatte majjhimaṭṭhāne, bavhatte cuttame siyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Parassapadaṃ sandhāya, idaṃ vacanamīritaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Uttamekavaco cāpi, netassa attanopade;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Hotīti avagantabbaṃ, bhavissantimhi sabbaso.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Hiyyattanajjatanika-kālātipattīsu pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">A</span>kārāgamanaṃ hoti, sabbaso iti lakkhaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ajjatanimhi bavhatte, majjhime uttame tathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bavhattamhi <span class="bld">a</span>kārena, <span class="bld">i</span>kārāgamanaṃ bhave.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">I</span>kārāgamanaṃ niccaṃ, kālātipattiyaṃ bhave;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">A</span>kārāgamanaṃ tattha, anekantikamīritaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">A</span>kārāgamanaṃyeva, hiyyattanyaṃ pakāsati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Parokkhāyaṃ bhavissantya-ñcikāroyeva dissati.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">A</span>kārāgamanañceva, <span class="bld">i</span>kārāgamanampi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ajjatanikakālāti-pattīsu pana dissati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tīsu sesavibhattīsu, nā’kārattayamīritaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vattamānāya pañcamyaṃ, sattamiyanti sabbaso.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">I</span>kāreneva sahitā, dve bhavanti vibhattiyo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Satta dvādasa hontettha, vacanānīti lakkhaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">A</span>kāreneva sahitā, ekāyeva vibhatti tu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dvādasa vacanānettha, bhavantīti ca lakkhaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Akārikāra</span>sahitā<a name="M0.0067"></a>, duveyeva vibhattiyo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Cattāri dvādasañceva, vacanāni bhavantidha.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ākārattayamuttā tu, tissoyeva vibhattiyo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vacanānettha chattiṃsa, hontīti paridīpaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Parokkhāajjatanīsu, pañcaṭṭha ca yathākkamaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">I</span>kārato vimuttāni, vacanāni bhavantiti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evamettha vibhattīnaṃ, channavutividhāna ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saṅgaho vacanānanti, viññātabbo vibhāvināti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayamettha āgamalakkhaṇavasena vibhattivacanasaṅgaho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kālavasena pana vibhattivacanasaṅgahe duvidho saṅgaho kālattayavasena saṅgaho, kālachakkavasena saṅgaho cāti. Tattha vattamānāpañcamīsattamīvibhattiyo paccuppannakālikā, vattamānāpañcamīsattamīvibhatyantāni padāni paccuppannavacanāni. Parokkhāhiyyattanajjatanīvibhattiyo atītakālikā, parokkhāhiyyattanajjatanīvibhatyantāni padāni atītavacanāni. Bhavissantīvibhatti anāgatakālikā, bhavissantīvibhatyantāni padāni anāgatavacanāni. Kālātipattivibhatti pana katthaci atītakālikā katthaci anāgatakālikā, tasmā tadantāni padāni atītavacanānipi anāgatavacanānipi honti. Ayaṃ kālattayavasena vibhattivacanasaṅgaho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana kālachakkavasena vibhattivacanasaṅgaho – parokkhāhiyyattanajjatanīvibhattiyo atītakālikā, parokkhāhiyyattanajjatanīvibhatyantāni padāni atītavacanāni. Bhavissantīvibhatti anāgatakālikā, bhavissantīvibhatyantāni padāni anāgatavacanāni. Vattamānāvibhatti paccuppannakālikā, vattamānāvibhatyantāni padāni paccuppannavacanāni. Pañcamīvibhatti āṇattikālikā<a name="M0.0068"></a>, pañcamīvibhatyantāni padāni āṇattivacanāni. Sattamīvibhatti parikappakālikā, sattamīvibhatyantāni padāni parikappavacanāni. Ettha pana ‘‘āṇattivacanānī’’ti ca ‘‘parikappavacanānī’’ti ca idaṃ tathāsīsamattaṃ āsiṭṭhānumatyādīsu pañcamyādīnaṃ dissanato. Kālātipattivibhatti kālātipattikālikā, kālātipattivibhatyantāni padāni kālātipattivacanāni. Evaṃ kālachakkavasena vibhattivacanasaṅgaho veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kālasaṅgahe tividho kālasaṅgaho kālattayasaṅgaho kālacatukkasaṅgaho kālachakkasaṅgaho cāti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Paccuppanne vattamānā, pañcamī sattamī cimā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Hontātīte parokkhādī, saha kālātipattiyā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Anāgate bhavissantī, kālātipattikāpi vā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ kālattayaṃ ñeyyaṃ, ākhyātaṃ tappakāsakaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nanu kaccāyane ganthe, kālo vutto catubbidho;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paccuppannenuttakāle, atītenāgate iti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saccaṃ vutto nuttakālo, paccuppannoti icchito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samīpe vuttakāloti, atthasambhavato pana.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tathā hi ‘‘yaṃ tikāla’’nti, vuttamācariyehipi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na kālato vinimuttaṃ, ākhyātaṃ kiñci dissati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nanu cāvuttakāleti, attho tatra tu yujjati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tathā hi chabbidho kālo, <span class="bld">niruttimhi</span> pakāsito.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Atītānāgato paccu-ppanno āṇattimeva ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Parikappo ca kālassa, atipattīti chabbidho.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Duve vibhattiyo tattha, āṇattiparikappikā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kālamanāmasitvāpi, niruttaññūhi bhāsitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Gacchatu <a name="M0.0069"></a> gaccheyyi’’ccādi-vacane kathite na hi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kriyā nipphajjati niṭṭhaṃ, nāgatā nātipannikā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kālātipattikā saddā, atītenāgatepi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhavantīti yathāvuttā, <span class="bld">niruttimhi</span> vidūhi ve.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pañcamīsattamīvhitā, āṇattiparikappikā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paccuppanne bhavantīti, na tathā tattha bhāsitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā kaccāyane ganthe, ‘‘nuttakāle’’ti yaṃ padaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Attho ‘‘avuttakāle’’ti, tassa ñāyatimevidaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saccamevaṃ tu santepi, āṇattiparikappikā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paccuppannepi daṭṭhabbā, paṇḍitena nayaññunā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kasmāti ce āṇāpanaṃ, parikappo ca saccato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paccuppanne yato atthā, nipphannā dissare ime.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Anuttakāle’’ti padaṃ, etassatthassa jotakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Samīpe vuttakāle’’ti, atthadīpanatotha vā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Atthānaṃ gamanādīnaṃ, nipphatti na tu dissati;</p>
<p class="gatha2">‘‘Gacchatu gaccheyyi’’ccādi, vuttakāle yato tato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Avuttakāle niddiṭṭhā, taddīpakavibhattiyo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kālo vā vuttakāloti, iccevaṃ gahito idha;</p>
<p class="gatha2"><span class="bld">Dakkhiṇāsuddhi</span>pāṭhamhi, katāva tatiyā ayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kāladīpanatā tāsaṃ, iti yujjati nāññathā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Atthadvayaṃ pakāsetuṃ, ganthe <span class="bld">kaccāyanavhaye</span>;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Thero kaccāyano ‘‘nutta-kāle’’ti padamabravi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evaṃ tidhā catudhāpi, vutto kālāna saṅgaho;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Chadhā idāni kālānaṃ, saṅgaho nāma niyyate.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vibhattiyo <a name="M0.0070"></a> parokkhā ca, hiyyattanīvibhattiyo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atha ajjatanī cāti, tisso’tīte pakāsitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Anāgate bhavissantī, bhavatīti pakittitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paccuppanne vattamānā, tikāle pañcadhā katā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pañcamīsattamīvhitā, āṇattiparikappikā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saṅgayhamānā tā yanti, paccuppannamhi saṅgahaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yasmā pañcamibhūtāya, vattamānāya ṭhānato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samānā pañcamī hoti, tasmā sā pañcamī matā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sattamī pana kiñcāpi, samānā tāhi sattamā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Hoti yasmā tato vuttā, sattamītveva no mati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kālātipattiyādīhi, yajjevaṃ vattamānikā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Chaṭṭhī bhaveyya kālāti-pattikātītavācikā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pañcamī tāya chaṭṭhassa, tulyattā ṭhānato nanu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tāhi sattavibhattīhi, sattamī aṭṭhamī siyā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Iti ce koci bhāseyya, ‘‘tannā’’ti paṭisedhaye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atītenāgate cāpi, kālātipattisambhavā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tathā hi bhāsitā <span class="bld">cūḷa-niruttimhi</span> visuṃ ayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kālātipatyatītamhā-nāgate cāti dīpaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kriyātipannetīteti, kasmā kaccāyane rutaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Athāpi ce vadeyyatra, ‘‘pāyenā’’ti pakāsaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yebhuyyena hi lokasmiṃ, atītamhi pavattati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kālātipattisaṃyutto, vohāro iti lakkhaye.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atridaṃ kālātipattiyā atītavacanaṃ – ‘‘sacāyaṃ bhikkhave rājā pitaraṃ dhammikaṃ dhammarājānaṃ jīvitā na voropessatha, imasmiṃyevassa āsane virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhu <a name="M0.0071"></a> uppajjissathā’’ti. ‘‘Passānanda imaṃ mahādhanaseṭṭhiputtaṃ imasmiṃyeva nagare dveasītikoṭidhanaṃ khepetvā bhariyaṃ ādāya bhikkhāya carantaṃ. Sace hi ayaṃ paṭhamavaye bhoge akhepetvā kammante payojayissā, imasmiṃyeva nagare aggaseṭṭhi abhavissā. Sace pana nikkhamitvā pabbajissā, arahattaṃ pāpuṇissā, bhariyāpissa anāgāmiphale patiṭṭhahissā. Sace majjhimavaye bhoge akhepetvā kammante payojayissā, dutiyaseṭṭhi abhavissā. Nikkhamitvā pabbajanto anāgāmī abhavissā, bhariyāpissa sakadāgāmiphale patiṭṭhahissā. Sace pacchimavaye bhoge akhepetvā kammante payojayissā, tatiyaseṭṭhi abhavissā. Nikkhamitvā pabbajanto sakadāgāmī abhavissā, bhariyāpissa sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahissā’’ iti vā, ‘‘sace satthā agāraṃ ajjhāvasissā, cakkavattirājā abhavissā. Rāhulasāmaṇero pariṇāyakaratanaṃ, therī itthiratanaṃ, sakalacakkavāḷarajjaṃ etesaññeva abhavissā’’ iti vā evaṃ kālātipattiyā atītavacanaṃ bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ kālātipattiyā anāgatavacanaṃ bhavati? ‘‘Cirampi bhakkho abhavissā, sace na vivadāmase. Asīsakaṃ anaṅguṭṭhaṃ, siṅgālo harati rohitaṃ’’itivā, ‘‘sace ānanda nālabhissā mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjaṃ, ciraṭṭhitikaṃ ānanda brahmacariyaṃ abhavissā’’ti iti vā, ‘‘ayaṃ aṅgulimālassa mātā ‘aṅgulimālaṃ ānessāmī’ti gacchati, sace samāgamissati, aṅgulimālo ‘aṅgulisahassaṃ pūressāmī’ti mātaraṃ māressati. Sacāhaṃ na gamissāmi, mahājāniko abhavissā’’ iti vā evaṃ kālātipattiyā anāgatavacanaṃ bhavati<a name="M0.0072"></a>. Kaccāyane pana yebhuyyena atītappavattiṃ sandhāya kālātipattivibhattiyā atītakālikatā vuttāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kaccāyanepi vā esā, kālātipattikā pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Anāgatepi hotīti, ayamatthopi dissati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Appaccakkhe parokkhāya-tīte iti hi lakkhaṇe;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Santepya<span class="bld">tīta</span>ggahaṇe, anapekkhiya taṃ idaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Anāgate bhavissantī, iti suttassanantaraṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Kālātipattivacanā, anāgatānukaḍḍhanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā aniyataṃ kālaṃ, kālātipattikaṃ vinā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Atītānāgatapaccu-ppannikāhi vibhattihi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sattamī sattamīyeva, bhavate na tu aṭṭhamī.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pañcamīsattamīnaṃ tu, paccuppannavibhattiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saṅgaṇhanatthametāsaṃ, majjhe chaṭṭhī na vuccati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tathā pañca upādāya, bhavitabbañca chaṭṭhiyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pañcamiyā tu sā esā, ‘‘chaṭṭhī’’ti na samīritā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Chaṭṭhībhāvamhi santepi, ‘‘pañcamī’’ti vaco pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pañcamiyā vibhattiyā, paccuppannavibhattiyaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saṅgaṇhanatthaṃ vuttanti, viññātabbā vibhāvinā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pañcamiṃ tu upādāya, sattamiyā vibhattiyā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Chaṭṭhiyā ca bhavitabbaṃ, na sā ‘‘chaṭṭhī’’ti īritā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Chaṭṭhiṃ pana upādāya, ‘‘sattamī’’tveva īritā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Majjhe chaṭṭhiṃ adassetvā, evaṃ tu kathanampi ca;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sattamiyā vibhattiyā, paccuppannavibhattiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saṅgaṇhanatthaṃ vuttanti, adhippāyaṃ vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sabhāvo hesa vatthūnaṃ, gambhīratthesu attano;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yena kenacākārena, adhippāyassa ñāpanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yajjevaṃ <a name="M0.0073"></a> paṭhamaṃtīte-nāgate ca vibhattiyo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vatvā tato paccuppanne, kathetabbā vibhattiyo.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Kaccāyana</span>vhaye ganthe, kasmā evaṃ na bhāsitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paccuppannavibhatyova, kasmā ādimhi bhāsitā?</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yasmā vadanti vohāra-pathe etāva pāyato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā bahuppayogattaṃ, hotetāsaṃ vibhattinaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ādobahuppayogova, kathetabboti ñāyato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paccuppannamhi sambhūtā, vibhatyovādito matā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Atītānāgataṃ vatvā, paccuppanne tato paraṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yasmā vuttamhi lokasmiṃ, hoti vācāsiliṭṭhatā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā siliṭṭhakathane, atītādimapekkhiya;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Pañcamī sattamī cetā, vattamānāyanantaraṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saṅgaṇhanatthamakkhātā, paccuppannavibhattisu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha hi yathā ‘‘mātāpitaro’’ti vutte siliṭṭhakathanaṃ hoti, tasmiṃyeva vacane vipariyayaṃ katvā samāsavasena ‘‘pitāmātaro’’ti vutte siliṭṭhakathanaṃ na hoti, tasmā tādisī saddaracanā apūjanīyā, ‘‘pitā mātā ca me dajju’’nti pāṭho pana byāsavasena yathicchitappayogattā pūjanīyo, evameva ‘‘atītānāgatapaccuppanna’’nti vutte siliṭṭhakathanaṃ hoti, ‘‘atītapaccuppannānāgata’’nti evamādinā vutte siliṭṭhakathanaṃ na hoti, tasmā tādisī saddaracanā apūjanīyā siyā. ‘‘Atītārammaṇā paccu-ppannānāgatagocarā’’ti vacanaṃ pana gāthābandhasukhatthaṃ yathicchitappayogattā pūjanīyameva. Ayamettha pāḷi veditabbā –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Yaṃkiñci rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppanna’’nti ca,</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ekāyanaṃ <a name="M0.0074"></a> jātikhayantadassī,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Maggaṃ pajānāti hitānukampī;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Etena maggena ataṃsu pubbe,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tarissanti ye ca taranti ogha’’nti ca,</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ye cabbhatītā sambuddhā, ye ca buddhā anāgatā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ye cetarahi sambuddhā, bahūnaṃ sokanāsakā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sabbe saddhammagaruno, vihaṃsu viharanti ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Athopi viharissanti, esā buddhāna dhammatā’’ti ca</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamanekesu saddappayogesu. Idha yathicchitappayogavasena atītānāgatapaccuppannakālikāsu aṭṭhasu vibhattīsu tisso paccuppannakālikā vibhattiyo ādimhi kathitā, tañca kathanaṃ tāsaññeva vohārapathe yebhuyyena pavattito bahuppayogatāñāpanatthaṃ. Tāsu pana dvinnaṃ vibhattīnaṃ ‘‘pañcamīsattamī’’tisaññā siliṭṭhakathanicchāyaṃ kamena vattabbā, atītānāgatakālikā vibhattiyo apekkhitvā katā. Iccevaṃ</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yathicchitappayogena, paccuppannavibhattiyo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tidhā katvāna ādimhi, kaccānena udīritā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ādimhi kathanaṃ tañca, tāsaṃ pāyena vuttito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bahuppayogabhāvassa, ñāpanatthanti niddise.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Atītādimapekkhitvā, siliṭṭhakathane dhuvaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha2">‘‘Pañcamī sattami’’cceva, dvinnaṃ nāmaṃ katanti ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kālātipattiṃ vajjetvā, idaṃ vacanamīritaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yadi evaṃ ayaṃ doso, āpajjati na saṃsayo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Iti ce koci bhāseyya, atthe akusalonaro.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tekālikākhyātapade<a name="M0.0075"></a>, kālātipattiyā pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Asaṅgahova hotīti, ‘‘tannā’’ti paṭisedhaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tekālikākhyātapade, na no kālātipattiyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Iṭṭho asaṅgaho tattha, saṅgahoyeva icchito.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pañcamīsattamīsaññā, kālātipattikaṃ pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vibhattimanapekkhitvā, katā icceva no mati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nānānayaṃ gahetvāna,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Paccetabbaṃ tu sārato;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Yāya eso ruto attho,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā esā na dubbalā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Attho labbhati pāsaṃso,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Yattha yattha yathā yathā;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Tathā tathā gahetabbo,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tattha tattha vibhāvinā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">abhidhammaṭīkāyaṃ</span> ‘‘yattha yattha yathā yathā attho labbhati, tattha tattha tathā tathā gahetabbo’’ti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pañcamīsattamīsaññā, rūḷhīsaññāti kecana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na panevaṃ gahetabbaṃ, ajānitvā vadanti te.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nesā purisasaññādi, <span class="bld">jhala</span> saññādayo viya;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Rūḷhiyā bhāsitā saññā, bhūtenatthena bhāsitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Upanidhāya paññatti, esā saññā yato tato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Anvatthasaññā ṭhapitā, porāṇehīti lakkhaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Iccevaṃ kālachakkaṃ tu, saṅkhepena tidhā mataṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Etamatthañhi sandhāya, ‘‘yaṃ tikāla’’nti bhāsitaṃ.</p>
<p class="centered">Ayamettha kālachakkasaṅgaho.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evaṃ <a name="M0.0076"></a> tidhā catudhā vā, chadhā vāpi sumedhaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kālabhedaṃ vibhāveyya, kālaññūhi vibhāvitaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Atītānāgataṃ kālaṃ, visuṃ kālātipattikaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Gahetvā pañcadhā hoti, evañcāpi vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ettha nayova ‘‘ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā’’ti pāḷiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atītānāgatakālī, vibhatti samudīritā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iccevaṃ sabbathāpi kālasaṅgaho samatto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni viññūnaṃ atthaggahaṇe kosallajananatthaṃ pakaraṇantaravasenapi imasmiṃ pakaraṇe vattamānānantaraṃ vuttānaṃ āṇattiparikappakālikānaṃ ‘‘pañcamīsattamī’’tisaṅkhātānaṃ dvinnaṃ vibhattīnaṃ paṭipāṭiṭṭhapane pakaraṇasaṃsandanaṃ kathayāma – <span class="bld">kātanta</span>ppakaraṇasmiñhi sakkatabhāsānurūpena dasadhā ākhyātavibhattiyo ṭhapitā, <span class="bld">kaccāyana</span>ppakaraṇe pana māgadhabhāsānurūpena aṭṭhadhā ṭhapitā, <span class="bld">niruttiyañca</span> pana māgadhabhāsānurūpeneva atītānāgatapaccuppannāṇattiparikappakālātipattivasena chadhā ṭhapitā. Tesu hi kātante vattamānā, sattamī, pañcamī, hiyyattanī, ajjatanī, parokkhā, svātanī, āsī, bhavissantī, kriyātipatti cāti dasadhā vibhattā. Kaccāyane pana vattamānā, pañcamī, sattamī, parokkhā, hiyyattanī, ajjatanī, bhavissantī, kālātipatti cāti aṭṭhadhā vibhattā. Iti etesu dvīsu kātantakaccāyanesu vibhattiyo visadisāya paṭipāṭiyā ṭhapitā. Kiñcāpettha visadisā paṭipāṭi, tathāpetā niruttiyaṃ vuttātītādikālavibhāgavasena ekato saṃsandanti samenti kiñci visesaṃ ṭhapetvā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ<a name="M0.0077"></a>? Kātante tāva hiyyattanī ajjatanī parokkhā cāti imā tisso ekantena atītakālikā, svātanī āsī bhavissanti cāti imā tisso ekantena anāgatakālikā, vattamānā ekāyeva paccuppannakālikā, sattamī pana pañcamī ca paccuppannānāgatakālavasena dvikālikā ‘‘ajja puññaṃ kareyya, svepi kareyya. Ajja gacchatu, sve vā gacchatū’’ti payogārahattā. Kriyātipatti aniyatakālikā ‘‘so ce hiyyo yānaṃ alabhissā, agacchissā. So ce ajja anatthaṅgate sūriye yānaṃ alabhissā, agacchissā. So ce sve yānaṃ alabhissā, agacchissā’’ti payogārahattā. Evaṃ asaṅkarato vavatthapetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ vavatthapetvā ayamamhehi vuccamāno nayo sādhukaṃ sallakkhetabbo. Kathaṃ? Hiyyattanajjatanīparokkhāsvātanyāsībhavissantivasena ekantātītānāgatakālikā vibhattiyo cha, vattamānavasena ekantapaccuppannakālikā vibhatti ekāyeva, sā paṭipāṭiyā gaṇiyamānā sattamaṃ ṭhānaṃ bhajati. Evaṃ etasmiṃ vattamānāsaṅkhāte sattamaṭṭhāne pakkhipituṃ niruttinayena ‘‘parikappakālikā’’ti saṅkhaṃ gataṃ satthanayena ‘‘paccuppannānāgatakālikā’’tivattabbaṃ ekaṃ vibhattiṃ sattamībhūtāya vattamānāya samānaṭṭhānattā sattamīsaññaṃ katvā ṭhapesi. Tato punadeva svātanyāsībhavissantivasena ekantānāgatakālikā tisso vibhattiyo gaṇetvā taṃ paccuppannānāgatakālikaṃ ‘‘sattamī’’ti laddhasaññaṃ vibhattiṃ anāgatakālikabhāvena tāhi tīhi saddhiṃ samānaṭṭhānattā catutthaṃ katvā niruttinayena ‘‘āṇattikālikā’’ti saṅkhaṃ gataṃ satthanayena ‘‘paccuppannānāgatakālikā’’ti vattabbaṃ ekaṃ vibhattiṃ pañcannaṃ saṅkhyānaṃ pūraṇena pañcamīsaññaṃ katvā ṭhapesi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kriyātipattiyā <a name="M0.0078"></a> pana aniyatakālikattā taṃ vajjetvā ayaṃ vinicchayo kato, so ca kho niruttinayaṃyeva nissāya. Ayaṃ tāva kātante vattamānānantaraṃ vuttānaṃ sattamīpañcamīnaṃ anvatthasaññaṃ icchantānaṃ amhākaṃ ruci, esā saddhammavidūhi garūhi appaṭikkositā anumatā sampaṭicchitā ‘‘evamevaṃ āvuso, evamevaṃ āvuso’’ti. Veyyākaraṇehipi appaṭikkositā anumatā sampaṭicchitā ‘‘evamevaṃ bhante, evamevaṃ bhante’’ti. Evaṃ sabbehipi tehi pubbācariyehi abbhanumoditā appaṭikkositā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kaccāyanappakaraṇe pana buddhavacanānurūpena aṭṭhadhā vibhattīnaṃ vuttattā vattamānāvibhatti pañcamaṭṭhāne ṭhitā. Kathaṃ? Parokkhāhiyyattanajjatanībhavissantivasena ekantātītānāgatakālikā catasso vibhattiyo, vattamānavasena ekantapaccuppannakālikā vibhatti ekāyeva, sā paṭipāṭiyā gaṇiyamānā pañcamaṃ ṭhānaṃ bhajati. Evaṃ etasmiṃ vattamānāsaṅkhāte pañcamaṭṭhāne pakkhipituṃ niruttinayena ‘‘āṇattikālikā’’ti saṅkhaṃ gataṃ ‘‘anuttakālikā’’ti vuttaṃ vibhattiṃ pañcamībhūtāya vattamānāya samānaṭṭhānattā pañcamīsaññaṃ katvā ṭhapesi. Tato paraṃ taṃ pañcamaṃ chaṭṭhiṭṭhāne ṭhapetvā parokkhā hiyyattanī ajjatanī bhavissantī vattamānā pañcamīti evaṃ gaṇanāvasena cha vibhattiyo upādāya niruttinayena ‘‘parikappakālikā’’ti saṅkhaṃ gataṃ ‘‘anuttakālikā’’ti vuttaṃ vibhattiṃ sattannaṃ saṅkhyānaṃ pūraṇena sattamīsaññaṃ katvā ṭhapesi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kālātipattiyā pana atītānāgatakālikattā taṃ vajjetvā ayaṃ vinicchayo kato, so ca kho niruttinayaṃyeva nissāya. Ayaṃ kaccāyane vattamānānantaraṃ vuttānaṃ pañcamīsattamīnaṃ anvatthasaññaṃ icchantānaṃ amhākaṃ ruci, esā ca saddhammavidūhi garūhi appaṭikkositā anumatā sampaṭicchitā <a name="M0.0079"></a> ‘‘evamevaṃ āvuso, evamevaṃ āvuso’’ti. Veyyākaraṇehipi appaṭikkositā anumatā sampaṭicchitā ‘‘evamevaṃ bhante, evamevaṃ bhante’’ti. Evaṃ sabbehipi tehi pubbācariyehi abbhanumoditā appaṭikkositā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā hi kātantakaccāyanāni aññamaññaṃ visadisavibhattikkamānipi antarena kiñci visesaṃ niruttiyaṃ vuttātītādikālavibhāgavasenekajjhaṃ saṃsandanti samenti, tasmā niruttinayaññeva sārato gahetvā pañcamīsattamīvibhattīnaṃ anvatthasaññāparikappane amhākaṃ ruci pubbācariyehi abbhanumoditā appaṭikkositā, tasmā eva yo koci imaṃ vādaṃ madditvā aññaṃ vādaṃ patiṭṭhāpetuṃ sakkhissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Ayañhi nayo atīva sukhumo duddaso ca paramāṇuriva, dukkhogāḷho ca mahāgahanamiva, atigambhīro ca mahāsamuddo viya, tasmā imissaṃ saddanītiyaṃ saddhāsampannehi kulaputtehi sāsanopakāratthaṃ yogo suṭṭhu karaṇīyo. Tathā hi idha katayogehi nāmākhyātādīsu catūsu padesu uppannavādā paravādino jitāva honti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Muninā munināgena, duṭṭhā pabbajitā jitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yathā yathā asaddhamma-pūraṇā pūraṇādayo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tathā tathāgatādāyā-nugāyaṃ saddanītiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Katayogehipi jitā, savanti paravādinoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pañcamīsattamīnaṃ paṭipāṭiṭṭhapane pakaraṇasaṃsandanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vattamānādīnaṃ vacanatthaṃ kathayāma – tattha <span class="bld">vattamānā</span>ti kenaṭṭhena vattamānā? Vattamānakālavacanaṭṭhena. Paccuppannabhāvena hi vattatīti vattamāno, paccuppannakriyāsaṅkhāto kālo. Tabbācakavasena vattamāno kālo etissā atthīti ayaṃ <span class="bld">ti anti</span>ādivibhatti vattamānā. Tathā <a name="M0.0080"></a> hi ‘‘gacchati devadatto’’ti ettha devadattassa paccuppannaṃ gamanakriyaṃ vibhattibhūto <span class="bld">ti</span>saddoyeva vadati, tasmā tabbācakavasena vattamāno kālo etissā atthīti vattamānāti vuccati. <span class="bld">Pañcamī</span>ti kenaṭṭhena pañcamī? Pañcamaṃ vattamānaṭṭhānaṃ gamanaṭṭhena, pañcannañca saṅkhyānaṃ pūraṇaṭṭhena. Tathā hi niyogā atītānāgatapaccuppannakālikānaṃ parokkhāhiyyattanajjatanībhavissantīvattamānāsaṅkhātānaṃ pañcannaṃ vibhattīnamantare pañcamībhūtāya vattamānāya sayampi paccuppannakālikabhāvena samānaṭṭhānattā pañcamaṃ vattamānaṭṭhānaṃ gacchatīti pañcamī. Yathā nadantī gacchatīti nadī. Tathā niyogā atītānāgatakālikā parokkhāhiyyattanajjatanībhavissantīsaṅkhātā catasso vibhattiyo upādāya sayampi vattamānāvibhatti viya pañcannaṃ saṅkhyānaṃ pūraṇīti pañcamī. <span class="bld">Sattamī</span>ti kenaṭṭhena sattamī? Sattannaṃ saṅkhyānaṃ pūraṇaṭṭhena. Tathā hi atītānāgatapaccuppannakālikā parokkhāhiyyattanajjatanībhavissantīvattamānāpañcamīsaṅkhātā cha vibhattiyo upādāya sayampi paccuppannakālikā hutvā sattannaṃ saṅkhyānaṃ pūraṇīti sattamī.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Parokkhā</span>ti kenaṭṭhena parokkhā? Parokkhe bhavāti atthena. Tathā hi cakkhādindriyasaṅkhātassa akkhassa paro tirobhāvo parokkhaṃ, tabbācakabhāvena parokkhe bhavāti parokkhā. <span class="bld">Hiyyattanī</span>ti kenaṭṭhena hiyyattanī? Hiyyo pabhuti atīte kāle bhavā tabbācakabhāvenāti atthena. <span class="bld">Ajjatanī</span>ti kenaṭṭhena ajjatanī? Ajja pabhuti atīte kāle bhavā tabbācakabhāvenāti atthena. <span class="bld">Bhavissantī</span>ti kenaṭṭhena bhavissantī? ‘‘Evaṃ anāgate bhavissatī’’ti atthaṃ pakāsentī eti gacchatīti atthena. <span class="bld">Kālātipattī</span>ti kenaṭṭhena kālātipatti? Kālassātipatanavacanaṭṭhena. Tathā hi kālassa atipatanaṃ accayo atikkamitvā pavatti kālātipatti, labhitabbassa atthassa nipphattirahitaṃ kriyātikkamanaṃ<a name="M0.0081"></a>. <span class="bld">Kālo</span>ti cettha kriyā adhippetā. Karaṇaṃ kāro, kāro eva kālo <span class="bld">ra</span>kārassa <span class="bld">la</span>kāraṃ katvā uccāraṇavasena. Ayaṃ pana vibhatti tabbācakattā kālātipattīti. Ayaṃ pana vattamānādīnaṃ vacanatthavibhāvanā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vippakiṇṇavividhanaye, saṃkiṇṇalakkhaṇadharavarasāsane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sumatimativaḍḍhanatthaṃ, kathito pakiṇṇakavinicchayo.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti navaṅge sāṭṭhakathe piṭakattaye byappathagatīsu viññūnaṃ</p>
<p class="centered">Kosallatthāya kate saddanītippakaraṇe</p>
<p class="centered">Pakiṇṇakavinicchayo nāma</p>
<p class="centered">Tatiyo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="chapter">4. Bhūdhātumayanāmikarūpavibhāga</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhū sattāya’’nti dhātussa, rūpamākhyātasaññitaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tyādyantaṃ lapitaṃ nāna-ppakārehi anākulaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Syādyantaṃ, dāni tasseva, rūpaṃ nāmikasavhayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhāsissaṃ bhāsitatthesu, paṭubhāvāya sotunaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yadatthe’ttani nāmeti, para’matthesu vā sayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Namatīti tadāhaṃsu, <span class="bld">nāmaṃ</span> iti vibhāvino.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Nāmaṃ nāmika</span>miccatra, ekamevetthato bhave;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tadevaṃ nāmikaṃ ñe yyaṃ, saliṅgaṃ savibhattikaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Satvābhidhānaṃ liṅganti, itthipumanapuṃsakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vibhattītidha satteva, tattha caṭṭha pavuccare.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Paṭhamā dutiyā tatiyā, catutthī pañcamī tathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Chaṭṭhī ca sattamī cāti, honti satta vibhattiyo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Liṅgatthe paṭhamā sāyaṃ, bhinnā dvedhā <span class="bld">siyo</span> iti;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kammatthe dutiyā sāpi, bhinnā <span class="bld">aṃ yo</span> iti dvidhā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Karaṇe <a name="M0.0082"></a> tatiyā sāpi, bhinnā <span class="bld">nā hi</span> iti dvidhā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sampadāne catutthī sā, bhinnā dvedhā <span class="bld">sa naṃ</span> iti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Apādāne pañcamī sā, bhinnā dvedhā <span class="bld">smā hi</span> iti;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Chaṭṭhī sāmimhi sā cāpi, bhinnā dvedhā <span class="bld">sa naṃ</span> iti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Okāse sattamī sāpi, bhinnā dvedhā <span class="bld">smiṃsu</span> iti;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Āmantanaṭṭhamī sāyaṃ, <span class="bld">siyo</span>yevāti cuddasa.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vacanadvayasaṃyuttā, ekekā tā vibhattiyo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Satvamitiha viññeyyo, attho so dabbasaññito.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yo karotisa <span class="bld">kattā</span>tu, taṃ <span class="bld">kammaṃ</span> yaṃ karoti vā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kubbate yena vā tantu, <span class="bld">karaṇaṃ</span> iti saññitaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Deti rocati vā yassa, <span class="bld">sampadāna</span>nti taṃ mataṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yatopeti bhayaṃ vā taṃ, <span class="bld">apādāna</span>nti kittitaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yassāyatto samūhovā, taṃ ve <span class="bld">sāmī</span>ti desitaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yasmiṃ karoti kiriyaṃ, ta<span class="bld">dokāsa</span>nti sadditaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yadālapati taṃ vatthu, <span class="bld">āmantana</span>mudīritaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saddenābhimukhīkāro, vijjamānassa vā pana.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vinā ālapanatthaṃ liṅgatthādīsu paṭhamādivibhattuppatti upalakkhaṇavasena vuttāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idamettha niruttilakkhaṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ – paccattavacane paṭhamā vibhatti bhavati, upayogavacane dutiyā vibhatti bhavati, karaṇavacane tatiyā vibhatti bhavati, sampadānavacane catutthī vibhatti bhavati, nissakkavacane pañcamī vibhatti bhavati, sāmivacane chaṭṭhī vibhatti bhavati, bhummavacane sattamī vibhatti bhavati, āmantanavacane aṭṭhamī vibhatti bhavati. Tatruddānaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Paccattamupayogañca, karaṇaṃ sampadāniyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nissakkaṃ sāmivacanaṃ, bhummamālapanaṭṭhamaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra <a name="M0.0083"></a> <span class="bld">paccattavacanaṃ</span> nāma tividhaliṅgavavatthānagatānaṃ itthipumanapuṃsakānaṃ paccattasabhāvaniddesattho. <span class="bld">Upayogavacanaṃ</span> nāma yo yaṃ karoti, tena tadupayuttaparidīpanattho. <span class="bld">Karaṇavacanaṃ</span> nāma tajjāpakatanibbattakaparidīpanattho. <span class="bld">Sampadānavacanaṃ</span> nāma tappadānaparidīpanattho. <span class="bld">Nissakkavacanaṃ</span> nāma tannissaṭatadapagamaparidīpanattho. <span class="bld">Sāmivacanaṃ</span> nāma tadissaraparidīpanattho. <span class="bld">Bhummavacanaṃ</span> nāma tappatiṭṭhāparidīpanattho. <span class="bld">Āmantanavacanaṃ</span> nāma tadāmantanaparidīpanattho. Evaṃ ñatvā payogāni asammuyhantena yojetabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhūto, bhāvako, bhavo, abhavo, bhāvo, abhāvo, sabhāvo, sabbhāvo, sambhavo, pabhavo, pabhāvo, anubhavo, ānubhāvo, parābhavo, vibhavo, pātubhāvo, āvibhāvo, tirobhāvo, vinābhāvo, sotthibhāvo, atthibhāvo, natthibhāvoti <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapulliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Abhibhavitā, paribhavitā, anubhavitā, samanubhavitā, bhāvitā, paccanubhavitāti <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantapulliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhavaṃ, parābhavaṃ, paribhavaṃ, abhibhavaṃ, anubhavaṃ, samanubhavaṃ, paccanubhavaṃ, pabhavaṃ, appabhavanti niggahītantapulliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dhanabhūti, siribhūti, sotthibhūti, suvatthibhūtīti <span class="bld">i</span>kārantapulliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhāvī, vibhāvī, sambhāvī, paribhāvīti <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantapulliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sayambhū, pabhū, abhibhū, vibhū, adhibhū, patibhū, gotrabhū, vatrabhū, parābhibhū, rūpābhibhū, saddābhibhū, gandhābhibhū, rasābhibhū, phoṭṭhabbābhibhū, dhammābhibhū, sabbābhibhūti <span class="bld">ū</span>kārantapulliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imānettha chabbidhāni pulliṅgāni <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayāni uddiṭṭhāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">U</span>kārantaṃ <a name="M0.0084"></a> pulliṅgaṃtu <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayamappasiddhaṃ, aññadhātumayaṃ panukārantapulliṅgaṃ pasiddhaṃ ‘‘bhikkhu, hetu’’iti. Tena saddhiṃ sattavidhāni pulliṅgāni honti, sabbānetāni sabhāvatoyeva pulliṅgānīti daṭṭhabbāni. Ettha sattoti atthavācako <span class="bld">bhūta</span>saddoyeva niyogā pulliṅgantipi daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ye pana ‘‘yo dhammo bhūto, yā dhammajāti bhūtā, yaṃ dhammajātaṃ bhūta’’nti evaṃ liṅgattaye yojanārahattā aniyataliṅgā aññepi <span class="bld">bhūtaparābhūtasambhūta</span>saddādayo sandissanti pāvacanavare, tepi nānopasagganipātapadehi yojanavasena saddaracanāyaṃ sukhumatthaggahaṇe ca viññūnaṃ kosallajananatthaṃ niyatapulliṅgesu pakkhipitvā dassessāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Seyyathidaṃ? Bhūto, parābhūto, sambhūto, vibhūto, pātubhūto, āvibhūto, tirobhūto, vinābhūto, bhabbo, paribhūto, abhibhūto, adhibhūto, addhabhūto, anubhūto, samanubhūto, paccanubhūto, bhāvito, sambhāvito, vibhāvito, paribhāvito, anuparibhūto, paribhavitabbo, paribhotabbo, paribhavanīyo, abhibhavitabbo, abhibhotabbo, abhibhavanīyo, adhibhavitabbo, adhibhotabbo, adhibhavanīyo, anubhavitabbo, anubhotabbo, anubhavanīyo, samanubhavitabbo, samanubhotabbo, samanubhavanīyo, paccanubhavitabbo, paccanubhotabbo, paccanubhavanīyo, bhāvetabbo, bhāvanīyo, sambhāvetabbo, sambhāvanīyo, vibhāvetabbo, vibhāvanīyo, paribhāvetabbo, paribhāvanīyo, bhavamāno, vibhavamāno, paribhavamāno, abhibhavamāno, anubhavamāno, samanubhavamāno, paccanubhavamāno, anubhonto, samanubhonto, paccanubhonto, sambhonto, abhisambhonto, bhāvento, sambhāvento, vibhāvento<a name="M0.0085"></a>, paribhāvento, paribhaviyamāno, paribhuyyamāno, abhibhaviyamāno, abhibhūyamāno, anubhaviyamāno, anubhuyyamāno, samanubhaviyamāno, samanubhuyyamāno, paccanubhaviyamāno, paccanubhuyyamānoti imāni niyatapulliṅgesu pakkhittaliṅgāni. Eva<span class="bld">mo</span>kārantādivasena chabbidhāni pulliṅgāni <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayāni pakāsitāni. Ayaṃ tāva pulliṅgavasena udāharaṇuddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhāvikā, bhāvanā, vibhāvanā, sambhāvanā, paribhāvanāti <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantaitthiliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhūmi, bhūti, vibhūti. <span class="bld">I</span>kārantaitthiliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhūrī, bhūtī, bhotī, vibhāvinī, parivibhāvinī, sambhāvinī, pātubhavantī, pātubhontī, paribhavantī, paribhontī, abhibhavantī, abhibhontī, adhibhavantī, adhibhontī, anubhavantī, anubhontī, samanubhavantī, samanubhontī, paccanubhavantī, paccanubhontī, abhisambhavantī, abhisambhontīti <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantaitthiliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhū, abhū. <span class="bld">Ū</span>kārantaitthiliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imānettha catubbidhāni itthiliṅgāni <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayāni uddiṭṭhāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">U</span>kārantitthiliṅgaṃ <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayamappasiddhaṃ, aññadhātumayaṃ pana <span class="bld">u</span>kārantitthiliṅgaṃ pasiddhaṃ ‘‘dhātu, dhenu’’iti. Tena saddhiṃ pañcavidhāni itthiliṅgāni honti, okārantassa vā <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa itthiliṅgabhāve tena saddhiṃ chabbidhānipi honti, sabbānetāni sabhāvatoyevitthiliṅgānīti daṭṭhabbāni. Etthāpi aniyataliṅgā <span class="bld">bhūtaparābhūtasambhūta</span>saddādayo itthiliṅgavasena yujjante.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ? Bhūtā, parābhūtā, sambhūtāti sabbaṃ vitthārato gahetabbaṃ ‘‘anubhonto samanubhonto’’tiādīni nava padāni <a name="M0.0086"></a> vajjetvā. Tāni hi <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantavasena yojitāni. Imāni niyataliṅgesu pakkhittaliṅgāni. Evaṃ <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantādivasena catubbidhāni itthiliṅgāni <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayāni pakāsitāni. Ayaṃ itthiliṅgavasena udāharaṇuddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhūtaṃ, mahābhūtaṃ, bhavittaṃ, bhūnaṃ, bhavanaṃ, parābhavanaṃ, sambhavanaṃ, vibhavanaṃ, pātubhavanaṃ, āvibhavanaṃ, tirobhavanaṃ, vinābhavanaṃ, sotthibhavanaṃ, paribhavanaṃ, abhibhavanaṃ, adhibhavanaṃ, anubhavanaṃ, samanubhavanaṃ, paccanubhavananti niggahītantanapuṃsakaliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atthavibhāvi, dhammavibhāvi. <span class="bld">I</span>kārantanapuṃsakaliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gotrabhu, cittasahabhu, nacittasahabhu. <span class="bld">U</span>kārantanapuṃsakaliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbānetāni sabhāvatoyeva napuṃsakaliṅgānīti daṭṭhabbāni. Ettha sattabhūtarūpavācako <span class="bld">bhūta</span>saddoyeva niyogā napuṃsakaliṅgotipi daṭṭhabbaṃ. Etthāpi aniyataliṅgā <span class="bld">bhūta parābhūta sambhūta</span>saddādayo napuṃsakaliṅgavasena yujjante.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ? Bhūtaṃ, parābhūtaṃ, sambhūtaṃ, vibhūtaṃ. <span class="bld">Peyyālo</span>. Samanubhavamānaṃ, paccanubhavamānaṃ, anubhontaṃ, anubhavantaṃ, samanubhontaṃ, samanubhavantaṃ, paccanubhontaṃ, paccanubhavantaṃ, sambhontaṃ, sambhavantaṃ, abhisambhontaṃ, abhisambhavantaṃ, pātubhontaṃ, pātubhavantaṃ, paribhontaṃ, paribhavantaṃ, abhibhontaṃ, abhibhavantaṃ, adhibhontaṃ, adhibhavantaṃ, bhāventaṃ, sambhāventaṃ, vibhāventaṃ, paribhāventaṃ, paribhāviyamānaṃ, paribhuyyamānaṃ, <span class="bld">peyyālo</span>. Paccanubhaviyamānaṃ, paccanubhuyyamānanti imāni niyatanapuṃsakaliṅgesu pakkhittaliṅgāni. Evaṃ niggahītantādivasena tividhāni napuṃsakaliṅgāni <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayāni pakāsitāni<a name="M0.0087"></a>. Ayaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgavasena udāharaṇuddeso, evaṃ pulliṅgādivasena liṅgattayaṃ <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayamuddiṭṭhaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ettha me appasiddhāti, ye ye saddā pakāsitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Te te pāḷippadesesu, maggitabbā vibhāvinā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">O, ā, bindu, i, ī, u, ū-antime sattadhā ṭhitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ñe yyā pulliṅgabhedāti, niruttaññūhi bhāsitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Ā i</span>vaṇṇo <span class="bld">cu</span>vaṇṇo ca, pañca antā sarūpato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Itthibhedāti viññeyyā, <span class="bld">o</span>kārantena chāpi vā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bindu, i, u-ime antā, tayo ñeyyā vibhāvinā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Napuṃsakappabhedāti, niruttaññūhi bhāsitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Antā satteva pulliṅge, itthiyaṃ pañca vā cha vā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Napuṃsake tayo evaṃ, dasa pañcahi chabbidhā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā panettha ‘‘bhūto’’tiādayo saddā nibbacanābhidheyyakathanatthasādhakavacanapariyāyavacanatthuddhāravasena vuccamānā pākaṭā honti suviññeyyā ca, tasmā imesaṃ nibbacanādīni yathāsambhavaṃ vakkhāma viññūnaṃ tuṭṭhijananatthañceva sotārānamatthesu paṭutarabuddhipaṭilābhāya ca. Tatra <span class="bld">bhūto</span>ti khandhapātubhāvena bhavatīti bhūto, idaṃ tāva nibbacanaṃ. ‘‘Bhūto’’ti sabbasaṅgāhakavasena satto vuccati, idamabhidheyyakathanaṃ. ‘‘Yo ca kālaghaso bhūto. Sabbeva nikkhipissanti, bhūtā loke samussaya’’nti ca idametassa atthassa sādhakavacanaṃ. Atha vā <span class="bld">bhūto</span>ti evaṃnāmako amanussajātiyo sattaviseso, idamabhidheyyakathanaṃ. ‘‘Bhūtavijjā, bhūtavejjo, bhūtaviggahito’’ti ca idametassa atthassa sādhakavacanaṃ. Yañca pana ‘‘satto macco pajā’’tiādikaṃ tattha tattha āgataṃ vacanaṃ, idaṃ sattoti <a name="M0.0088"></a> atthavācakassa <span class="bld">bhūta</span>saddassa pariyāyavacanaṃ. Yañca <span class="bld">niddesapāḷiyaṃ</span> ‘‘maccoti satto naro mānavo poso puggalo jīvo jagu jantu hindagu manujo’’ti āgataṃ, idampi pariyāyavacanameva. Tāni sabbāni piṇḍetvā vuccante –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Satto macco jano bhūto, pāṇo hindagu puggalo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Jantu jīvo jagu yakkho, pāṇī dehī tathāgato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sattavo mātiyo loko, manujo mānavo naro;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Poso sarīrīti pume, bhūtamiti napuṃsake.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pajāti itthiyaṃ vutto, liṅgato, na ca atthato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ tiliṅgikā honti, saddā sattābhidhānakā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yo so jaṅghāya ulati, so satto jaṅghalo idha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pāṇadehābhidhānehi, sattanāmaṃ papañcitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imasmiṃ pakaraṇe ‘‘pariyāyavacana’’nti ca ‘‘abhidhāna’’nti ca ‘‘saṅkhā’’tiādīni ca ekatthāni adhippetāni, atthuddhāravasena pana <span class="bld">bhūta</span>saddo pañcakkhandhāmanussadhātusassatavijjamānakhīṇāsavasattarukkhādīsu dissati, tappayogo upari atthattikavibhāge āvibhavissati. <span class="bld">Bhāvako</span>ti bhāvetīti bhāvako, idaṃ nibbacanaṃ. Yo bhāvanaṃ karoti, so bhāvako. Idamabhidheyyakathanaṃ. ‘‘Bhāvako nipako dhīro’’ti idametassa atthassa sādhakavacanaṃ. ‘‘Bhāvako bhāvanāpasuto bhāvanāpayutto bhāvanāsampanno’’ti idaṃ pariyāyavacanaṃ. Imāni ‘‘bhūto bhāvako’’ti dve padāni suddhakattuhetukattuvasena vuttānīti. Ito paraṃ nayānusārena suviññeyyattā ‘‘idaṃ nibbacana’’nti ca ādīni <a name="M0.0089"></a> avatvā katthaci atthasādhakavacanaṃ pariyāyavacanaṃ atthuddhārañca yathārahaṃ dassessāma. Tesu hi sabbattha dassitesu ganthavitthāro siyā, tasmā yesamattho uttāno, tesampi padānamabhidheyyaṃ na kathessāma, nibbacanamattameva nesaṃ kathessāma. Yesaṃ pana gambhīro attho, tesamabhidheyyaṃ kathessāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhavanaṃ <span class="bld">bhavo,</span> bhavo vuccati vuddhi. <span class="bld">Bhū</span>saddassa atthātisayayogato vaḍḍhanepi dissamānattā bhavanaṃ vaḍḍhananti katvā. ‘‘Bhavo ca rañño abhavo ca rañño’’ti idaṃ vuddhiatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Atha vā bhavoti vuccati sassataṃ. ‘‘Sassato attā ca loko cā’’ti hi sassatavasena pavattā diṭṭhi sassatadiṭṭhi, tasmā bhavadiṭṭhī’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Tathā bhavoti bhavadiṭṭhi, bhavati sassataṃ tiṭṭhatīti pavattanato sassatadiṭṭhi bhavadiṭṭhi nāma. Bhavadiṭṭhi hi uttarapadalopena bhavoti vuccati. ‘‘Bhavena bhavassa vippamokkhamāhaṃsū’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Etthāyaṃ pāḷivacanattho – ekacce samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā bhavadiṭṭhiyā vā kāmabhavādinā vā sabbabhavato vimuttiṃ saṃsāravisuddhiṃ kathayiṃsūti. Atha vā bhavanti vaḍḍhanti sattā etenāti bhavoti atthena sampattipuññāni bhavoti ca vuccanti. ‘‘Itibhavābhavatañca vītivatto’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Ettha panāyaṃ pāḷivacanattho – <span class="bld">bhavo</span>ti sampatti, <span class="bld">abhavo</span>ti vipatti. Tathā bhavoti vuddhi, abhavoti hāni. Bhavoti sassataṃ, abhavoti ucchedo. Bhavoti puññaṃ, abhavoti pāpaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ vītivattoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sahokāsā <a name="M0.0090"></a> khandhāpi bhavo. ‘‘Kāmabhavo rūpabhavo’’ iccevamādi etassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Ettha pana khandhā ‘‘yo paññāyati, so sarūpaṃ labhatī’’ti katvā ‘‘bhavati avijjātaṇhādisamudayā nirantaraṃ samudetī’’ti atthena vā ‘‘bhavā’’ti vuccanti. Okāso pana ‘‘bhavanti jāyanti ettha sattā nāmarūpadhammā cā’’ti atthena ‘‘bhavo’’ti. Apica kammabhavopi bhavo, upapattibhavopi bhavo. ‘‘Upādānapaccayā bhavo duvidhena atthi kammabhavo, atthi upapattibhavo’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Tattha kammameva bhavo kammabhavo. Tathā upapatti eva bhavo upapattibhavo. Etthūpapatti bhavatīti bhavo, kammaṃ pana yathā sukhakāraṇattā ‘‘sukho buddhānamuppādo’’ti vutto. Evaṃ bhavakāraṇattā phalavohārena bhavoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Atha vā bhāvanalakkhaṇattā bhāvetīti bhavo. Kiṃ bhāveti? Upapattiṃ. Iti upapattiṃ bhāvetīti bhavoti vuccati. Bhāvetītimassa ca nibbattetīti hetukattuvasenattho. Atha vā ‘‘bhavapaccayā jātī’’ti vacanato bhavati etenāti bhavoti kammabhavo vuccati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Khandhānañca paṭipāṭi, dhātuāyatanāna ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Abbocchinnaṃ vattamānā, saṃsāroti pavuccatī’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Vuttalakkhaṇo saṃsāropi bhavo. ‘‘Bhave dukkhaṃ bhavadukkhaṃ, bhave saṃsaranto’’ti imānetassatthassa sādhakāni vacanāni. Tatra kenaṭṭhena saṃsāro bhavoti kathīyati? Bhavati ettha sattasammuti khandhādipaṭipāṭisaṅkhāte dhammapuñjasminti atthena<a name="M0.0091"></a>. Idaṃ <span class="bld">bhava</span>saddassa bhāvakattukaraṇādhikaraṇasādhanavasenatthakathanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha <span class="bld">bhava</span>saddassa atthuddhāraṃ vadāma –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vuddhisampattipuññāni, khandhā sokāsasaññitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saṃsāro sassatañcetaṃ, <span class="bld">bhava</span>saddena sadditaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bhavataṇhā bhavadiṭṭhi, upapattibhavo tathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kammabhavo ca sabbantaṃ, <span class="bld">bhava</span>saddena sadditaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bhavataṇhābhavadiṭṭhi-dvayaṃ katthaci pāḷiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Uttarapadalopena, <span class="bld">bhava</span>saddena sadditaṃ.</p>
<p class="unindented"><span class="bld">Abhavo</span>ti na bhavo abhavo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vipatti hāni ucchedo, pāpañceva catubbidhā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ime <span class="bld">abhava</span>saddena, atthā vuccanti sāsane.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhāvo</span>ti ajjhāsayo, yo ‘‘adhippāyo’’tipi vuccati. ‘‘Thīnaṃbhāvo durājāno. Nāmacco rājabhariyāsu, bhāvaṃ kubbetha paṇḍito. Hadayaṅgatabhāvaṃ pakāsetī’’ti evamādi etassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Apica vatthudhammopi bhāvo. ‘‘Bhāvasaṅketasiddhīna’’nti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ, cittampi bhāvo. ‘‘Accāhitaṃ kammaṃ karosi luddaṃ, bhāve ca te kusalaṃ natthi kiñcī’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Kriyāpibhāvo. ‘‘Bhāvalakkhaṇaṃ bhāvasattamī’’ti ca idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Apica bhāvoti sattavevacananti bhaṇanti, dhātu vā etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Tattha ajjhāsayo ca vatthudhammo ca cittañca satto cāti ime bhavatīti bhāvo. Tathā pana bhāvetīti bhāvo, kriyā <a name="M0.0092"></a> tu bhavananti bhāvo. Sā ca bhavanagamanapacanādivasenānekavidhā. Apica bhāvarūpampi bhāvo, yaṃ itthibhāvo pumbhāvo itthindriyanti ca vuccati. Tatrāyaṃ vacanattho – ‘‘itthī’’ti vā ‘‘puriso’’ti vā bhavati etena cittaṃ abhidhānañcāti bhāvo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nattanomatiyā etaṃ, nibbacanamudāhaṭaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pubbācariyasīhānaṃ, mataṃ nissāya māhaṭaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vuttañhetaṃ porāṇehi ‘‘itthiyā bhāvo itthibhāvo, itthīti vā bhavati etena cittaṃ abhidhānañcāti itthibhāvo’’ti, tasmā pumbhāvoti etthāpi pumassa bhāvo pumbhāvo, pumāti vā bhavati etena cittaṃ abhidhānañcāti pumbhāvoti nibbacanaṃ samadhigantabbaṃ. Idaṃ <span class="bld">bhāva</span>saddassa kattubhāvakaraṇasādhanavasenatthakathanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Abhāvo</span>ti na bhāvoti abhāvo, ko so? Suññatā natthitā. <span class="bld">Sabhāvo</span>ti attano bhāvo sabhāvo, attano pakati iccevattho. Atha vā sabhāvoti dhammānaṃ sati atthasambhave yo koci sarūpaṃ labhati, tassa bhāvo lakkhaṇamiti saññito namanaruppanakakkhaḷaphusanādiākāro iccevattho. ‘‘Sāmaññaṃ vā sabhāvo vā, dhammānaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ mata’’nti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Apica sabhāvoti salakkhaṇo paramatthadhammo. Kenaṭṭhena? Saha bhāvenāti atthena. <span class="bld">Sabbhāvo</span>ti sataṃ bhāvo sabbhāvo, sappurisadhammo iccevattho. Atha vā attano bhāvo sabbhāvo. ‘‘Gāhāpayanti sabbhāva’’nti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Saṃvijjamāno vā bhāvo sabbhāvo. ‘‘Evaṃ gahaṇasabbhāvo’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ <a name="M0.0093"></a> vacanaṃ. Idaṃ <span class="bld">sabhāva sabbhāva</span>saddānaṃ bhāvasādhanavasenatthakathanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sambhavo</span>ti sambhavanaṃ sambhavo, sambhavanakriyā, yutti vā. Yutti hi sambhavoti vuccati ‘‘sambhavo gahaṇassa kāraṇa’’ntiādīsu. Atha vā sambhavati etasmāti sambhavo. Yato hi yaṃ kiñci sambhavati, so sambhavo. <span class="bld">Pabhavo</span>ti pabhavanaṃ pabhavo, acchinnatā, pabhavati etasmāti vā pabhavo. Yato hi yaṃ kiñci pabhavati, so pabhavo. Ime pana <span class="bld">sambhavapabhava</span>saddā katthaci samānatthā katthaci bhinnatthāti veditabbā. Kathaṃ? <span class="bld">Sambhava</span>saddo hi bhavanakriyampi vadati yuttimpi paññattimpi sambhavarūpampi paccayatthampi, <span class="bld">pabhava</span>saddo pana bhavanakriyampi vadati nadippabhavampi paccayatthampi, tasmā paccayatthaṃ vajjetvā bhinnatthāti gahetabbā, paccayatthena pana samānatthāti gahetabbā. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘paccayo hetu nidānaṃ kāraṇaṃ sambhavo pabhavotiādi atthato ekaṃ, byañjanato nāna’’nti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Mūlaṃ hetu nidānañca, sambhavo pabhavo tathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samuṭṭhānāhārārammaṇaṃ, paccayo samudayena cā’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Ayampi gāthā etassatthassa sādhikā. Idaṃ <span class="bld">sambhavapabhava</span>saddānaṃ bhāvāpādānasādhanavasenatthakathanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamettha bhāvakattukammakaraṇāpādānādhikaraṇavasena cha sādhanāni pakāsitāni. Tāni sampadānasādhanena sattavidhāni bhavanti, taṃ pana uttari āvibhavissati ‘‘dhanamassa bhavatūti dhanabhūtī’’tiādinā. Iccevaṃ kitakavasena sabbathāpi sattavidhāni sādhanāni honti, yāni ‘‘kārakānī’’tipi vuccati, ito aññaṃ sādhanaṃ natthi. Idha payogesvatthesu ca viññūnaṃ <a name="M0.0094"></a> pāṭavatthaṃ sādhananāmaṃ pakāsitaṃ. Tathā hi dunnikkhittasādhanehi padehi yojitā saddappayogā dubbodhatthā honti, sunikkhittasādhanehi pana padehi yojitā subodhatthā honti, tasmā payogāsādhanamūlakā, attho ca payogamūlako. Payogānurūpañhi aviparītaṃ katvā atthaṃ kathanasīlā ‘‘yācitova bahulaṃ cīvaraṃ paribhuñjati, appaṃ ayācito’’ti evamādīsu sādhanavasena gahetabbesu atthesu, aññesu catthesu paṭutarabuddhino paṇḍitāyeva ekantena bhagavato pariyattisāsanadharā nāma hontīti veditabbaṃ. Ito paraṃ nayānusārena suviññeyyattā ‘‘idaṃ nāma sādhana’’nti na vakkhāma, kevalamidha dassitesu payogesu viññūnaṃ bahumānuppādanatthañceva vividhavicittapāḷigatike vividhatthasāre jinavaravacane sotūnaṃ buddhivijambhanatthañca atthasādhakavacanāniyeva yathārahaṃ suttageyyaveyyākaraṇagāthādīsu tato tato āharitvā dassessāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pabhāvo</span>ti pakārato bhavatīti pabhāvo, soyamānubhāvoyeva. ‘‘Pabhāvaṃ te na passāmi, yena tvaṃ mithilaṃ vaje’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Anubhavo</span>ti anubhavanaṃ anubhavo, kiṃ taṃ? Paribhuñjanaṃ. <span class="bld">Ānubhāvo</span>ti tejussāhamantapabhūsattiyo. ‘‘Tejasaṅkhato ussāhamantapabhūsattisaṅkhāto vā mahanto ānubhāvo etassāti mahānubhāvo’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tejo ussāhamantā ca, pabhūsattīti pañcime;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ānubhāvāti vuccanti, pabhāvāti ca te vade.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tejādivācakattamhi, <span class="bld">ānubhāva</span>padassa tu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atthanibbacanaṃ dhīro, yathāsambhavamuddise.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha <a name="M0.0095"></a> vā <span class="bld">ānubhāvo</span>ti anubhavitabbaphalaṃ. ‘‘Anubhavitabbassa phalassa mahantatāya mahānubhāvo’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Parābhavo</span>ti parābhavanaṃ parābhavo, atha vā parābhavatīti parābhavo. ‘‘Suvijāno parābhavo’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Apica ‘‘dhammadessī parābhavo’’ti pāṭhānurūpato parābhavissatīti parābhavoti anāgatakālavasenapi nibbacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Atha vā parābhavanti etenāti parābhavo. Kiṃ taṃ? Dhammadessitādi. ‘‘Paṭhamo so parābhavo’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Vibhavo</span>ti nibbānaṃ. Tañhi bhavato vigatattā bhavato vigatoti vibhavo, bhavassa ca taṃhetu vigatattā vigato bhavo etasmāti vibhavo. Vibhavanti ucchijjanti vinassanti ito ariyadhanavilomakā kilesamahācorātipi vibhavo. <span class="bld">Vibhava</span>saddassa nibbānābhidhānatte ‘‘evaṃ bhave vijjamāne, vibhavo icchitabbako’’ti idamettha sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Imāni pana nibbānassa pariyāyavacanāni –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nibbānaṃ vibhavo mokkho, nirodho amataṃ samaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saṅkhārūpasamo dukkha-nirodho accuta’kkhayo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vivaṭṭa’makataṃ atthaṃ, santipada’masaṅkhataṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pāraṃ taṇhākkhayo dukkha-kkhayo saññojanakkhayo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yogakkhemo virāgo ca,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Lokanto ca bhavakkhayo;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Apavaggo visaṅkhāro,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sabbhi suddhi visuddhi ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vimutyā’pacayo mutti, nibbuti upadhikkhayo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Santi asaṅkhatā dhātu, disā ca sabbatopabhaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vināpetāni <a name="M0.0096"></a> nāmāni, visesakapadaṃ idha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nibbānavācakānīti, sallakkheyya sumedhaso.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tāṇaṃ leṇa’’ntiādīni-pekkhikāni bhavanti hi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Visesakapadānanti, etthetāni pakāsaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tāṇaṃ leṇa’marūpañca, santaṃ sacca’manālayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sududdasaṃ saraṇañca, parāyaṇa’manītikaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Anāsavaṃ dhuvaṃ niccaṃ, viññāṇa’manidassanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Abyāpajjaṃ sivaṃ khemaṃ, nipuṇaṃ apalokikaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ananta’makkharaṃ dīpo, accantaṃ kevalaṃ padaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paṇītaṃ accutañcāti, bahudhāpi vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Gotrabhū</span>ti padassatthaṃ, vadantehi garūhi tu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Gottaṃ vuccati nibbāna-miti gottanti bhāsitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vibhavo</span>ti vā vināsasampattidhanucchedadiṭṭhiyopi vuccanti. Tattha vināso vibhavanaṃ ucchijjanaṃ nassananti atthena vibhavo. ‘‘Vibhavo sabbadhammānaṃ, ittheke sato sattassa ucchedaṃ vināsaṃ vibhavaṃ paññapentī’’ti ca idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Sampatti pana visesato bhavatīti vibhavo. ‘‘Rañño sirivibhavaṃ daṭṭhukāmā’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Dhanaṃ pana bhavanti vaḍḍhanti vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjanti sattā etenāti vibhavo. ‘‘Asītikoṭivibhavassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbattī’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Idaṃ pana pariyāyavacanaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dhanaṃ saṃ vibhavo dabbaṃ, sāpateyyaṃ pariggaho;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Oḍḍaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ sakaṃ attho, iccete dhanavācakā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ucchedadiṭṭhi pana vibhavati ucchijjati ‘‘attā ca loko ca puna cutito uddhaṃ na jāyatī’’ti gahaṇato vibhavoti. ‘‘Vibhavataṇhā’’ti <a name="M0.0097"></a> idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Vibhavataṇhāti hi ucchedadiṭṭhisahagatāya taṇhāya nāmaṃ. Ettha atthuddhāro vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dhananibbānasampatti-vināsucchedadiṭṭhiyo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vuttā <span class="bld">vibhava</span>saddena, iti viññū vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pātubhāvo</span>ti pātubhavanaṃ pātubhāvo. <span class="bld">Āvibhāvo</span>ti āvibhavanaṃ āvibhāvo, ubhinnametesaṃ pākaṭatā iccevattho. <span class="bld">Tirobhāvo</span>ti tirobhavanaṃ tirobhāvo, paṭicchannabhāvo. <span class="bld">Vinābhāvo</span>ti vinābhavanaṃ vinābhāvo, viyogo. <span class="bld">Sotthibhāvo</span>ti sotthibhavanaṃ sotthibhāvo, suvatthibhāvo sukhassa atthitā, atthato pana nibbhayatā nirupaddavatā eva. <span class="bld">Atthibhāvo</span>ti atthitā vijjamānatā avivittatā. <span class="bld">Natthibhāvo</span>ti natthitā avijjamānatā vivittatā rittatā tucchatā suññatā. <span class="bld">O</span>kārantapulliṅganiddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Abhibhavatīti <span class="bld">abhibhavitā,</span> paraṃ abhibhavanto yo koci. Evaṃ <span class="bld">paribhavitā,</span> anubhavatīti <span class="bld">anubhavitā,</span> sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā anubhavanto yo koci. Evaṃ <span class="bld">samanubhavitā. Paccanubhavitā,</span> ettha pana yathā ‘‘amatassa dātā. Anuppannassa maggassa uppādetā’’tiādīsu ‘‘dātā’’ti padānaṃ kattuvācakānaṃ ‘‘amatassā’’tiādīhi padehi kammavācakehi chaṭṭhiyantehi saddhiṃ yojanā dissati, tathā imesampi padānaṃ ‘‘paccāmittassa abhibhavitā’’tiādinā yojanā kātabbā. Evaṃ aññesampi evarūpānaṃ padānaṃ. <span class="bld">Ā</span>kārantapulliṅganiddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhavatīti <span class="bld">bhavaṃ</span>. Bhavissatīti vā bhavaṃ, vaḍḍhamāno puggalo. ‘‘Suvijāno bhavaṃ hoti, suvijāno parābhavo. Dhammakāmo <a name="M0.0098"></a> bhavaṃ hoti, dhammadessī parābhavo’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Atha vā yena saddhiṃ katheti, so ‘‘bhava’’nti vattabbo, ‘‘bhavaṃ kaccāyano. Bhavaṃ ānando. Maññe bhavaṃ patthayati, rañño bhariyaṃ patibbata’’ntiādīsu. Ettha pana dhātuatthe ādaro na kātabbo, sammutiattheyevādaro kātabbo ‘‘saṅketavacanaṃ saccaṃ, lokasammutikāraṇa’’nti vacanato. Vohāravisayasmiñhi lokasammuti eva padhānā avilaṅghanīyā. Parābhavatīti <span class="bld">parābhavaṃ</span>. Evaṃ <span class="bld">paribhavaṃ. Abhibhavaṃ. Anubhavaṃ</span>. Pabhavati pahoti sakkotīti <span class="bld">pabhavaṃ,</span> pahonto yo koci. <span class="bld">Na</span> pabhavaṃ appabhavaṃ, ‘‘appabhava’’nti ca idaṃ jātake diṭṭhaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Chinnabbhamiva vātena, ruṇṇo rukkhamupāgamiṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sohaṃ appabhavaṃ tattha, sākhaṃ hatthehi aggahi’’nti</p>
<p class="unindented">Tattha sādhakavacanamidaṃ. Niggahītantapulliṅganiddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhanabhūtī</span>ti dhanamassa bhavatūti dhanabhūti. <span class="bld">Siribhūtī</span>ti sobhāya ceva paññāpuññānañca adhivacanaṃ. Sā assa bhavatūti siribhūti. Evaṃ <span class="bld">sotthibhūti, suvatthibhūti. I</span>kārantapulliṅganiddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhāvī</span>ti bhavanasīlo bhāvī, bhavanadhammo bhāvī, bhavane sādhukārī bhāvī. Evaṃ <span class="bld">vibhāvī. Sambhāvī. Paribhāvī</span>ti. Tatra <span class="bld">vibhāvī</span>ti atthavibhāvane samattho paṇḍito vuccati. Ettha vidvā, vijjāgato, ñāṇītiādi pariyāyavacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Bhavanti catra –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vidvā vijjāgato ñāṇī, vibhāvī paṇḍito sudhī;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Budho visārado viññū, dosaññū viddasu vidū.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vipassī <a name="M0.0099"></a> paṭibhāṇī ca, medhāvī nipako kavi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kusalo viduro dhīmā, gatimā mutimā cayaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Cakkhumā kaṇṇavā dabbo, dhīro bhūri vicakkhaṇo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sappañño buddhimā pañño, evaṃnāmā vibhāvinoti.</p>
<p class="centered">Īkārantapulliṅganiddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sayambhū</span>ti sayameva bhavatīti sayambhū. Ko so? Antarena paropadesaṃ sāmaṃyeva sabbaṃ ñeyyadhammaṃ paṭivijjhitvā sabbaññutaṃ patto sakyamuni bhagavā. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Na me ācariyo atthi, sadiso me na vijjati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sadevakasmiṃ lokasmiṃ, natthi me paṭipuggalo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ahañhi arahā loke, ahaṃ satthā anuttaro;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ekomhi sammāsambuddho, sītībhūtosmi nibbuto’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atthato pana pāramitāparibhāvito sayambhūñāṇena saha vāsanāya vigataviddhastaniravasesakileso mahākaruṇāsabbaññutaññāṇādiaparimeyyaguṇagaṇādhāro khandhasantāno sayambhū. So evaṃbhūto khandhasantāno loke aggapuggaloti vuccati. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘ekapuggalo bhikkhave loke uppajjamāno uppajjati acchariyamanusso, katamo ekapuggalo? Tathāgato bhikkhave arahaṃ sammāsambuddho’’ti. So ekapuggalo etarahi ‘‘sabbaññū, sugato’’tiādīhi yathābhuccaguṇādhigatanāmehi ca pasiddho, ‘‘gotamo ādiccabandhū’’ti gottato ca pasiddho, sakyaputto sakko sakyamuni sakyasīho sakyapuṅgavoti kulato ca pasiddho, suddhodanimāyādevīsutoti <a name="M0.0100"></a> mātāpitito ca pasiddho, siddhatthoti gahitanāmena ca pasiddho. Bhavanti catra –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yo ekapuggalo āsi, buddho so vadataṃ varo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Gottato gotamo nāma, tathevādiccabandhu ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sakyakule pasūtattā, sakyaputtoti vissuto;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sakko iti ca avhito, tathā sakyamunīti ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sabbattha seṭṭhabhāvena, sakye ca seṭṭhabhāvato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sakyasīhoti so sakya-puṅgavoti ca sammato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Suddhodanīti pitito, nabhe candova vissuto;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mātitopi ca saññāto, māyādevīsuto iti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sabbaññū sugato buddho, dhammarājā tathāgato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samantabhaddo bhagavā, jino dasabalo muni.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Satthā vināyako nātho,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Munindo lokanāyako;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Narāsabho lokajino,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sambuddho dvipaduttamo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Devadevo lokagaru, dhammassāmī mahāmuni;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samantacakkhu purisa-dammasārathi māraji.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dhammissaro ca advejjha-vacano satthavāhako;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Visuddhidevo devāti-devo ca samaṇissaro.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bhūripañño’nadhivaro, narasīho ca cakkhumā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Munimuni naravaro, chaḷabhiñño jane suto.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Aṅgīraso yatirājā, lokabandhu’matandado;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vattā pavattā saddhamma-cakkavattī yatissaro.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Lokadīpo <a name="M0.0101"></a> sirīghano, samaṇindo naruttamo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Lokattayavidū loka-pajjoto purisuttamo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saccadaso satapuñña-lakkhaṇo saccasavhayo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ravibandhā’samasamo, pañcanetta’ggapuggalo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sabbābhibhū sabbavidū, saccanāmo ca pāragū;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Purisātisayo sabba-dassāvī narasārathi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sammāsambuddho iti so, ñāto sattuttamoti ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tādī vibhajjavādīti, mahākāruṇikoti ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Cakkhubhūto dhammabhūto, ñāṇabhūtoti vaṇṇito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Brahmabhūtoti purisā-jañño iti ca thomito.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Lokajeṭṭho sayambhū ca, mahesi mārabhañjano;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Amoghavacano dhamma-kāyo mārābhibhū iti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Asaṅkhyeyyāni nāmāni, saguṇena mahesino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nāmaṃ guṇehi nissitaṃ, ko kavindo kathessati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tatra sabbaññu iccādi-nāmaṃ sādhāraṇaṃ bhave;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sabbesānampi buddhānaṃ, gotamo itiādi na.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Buddho paccekabuddho ca, ‘‘sayambhū’’iti sāsane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Keci ‘‘brahmā sayambhū’’ti, sāsanāvacaraṃ na taṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Buddho tathāgato satthā, bhagavā’’ti padāni tu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ṭhānenekasahassamhi, sañcaranti abhiṇhaso.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tatra cādipadaṃ anta-padañceva imāni tu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ekatopi carantīti, vibhāveyya visārado.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Visesakapadānaṃ tu, apekkhakapadāni ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Anapekkhapadānīti, padāni duvidhā siyuṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā <a name="M0.0102"></a> hi satthavāho naravaro chaḷabhiññoti evaṃpakārāni abhidhānapadāni visesakapadāpekkhakāni. Kathaṃ?</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Evaṃ vijitasaṅgāmaṃ, satthavāhaṃ anuttaraṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sāvakā payirupāsanti, tevijjā maccuhāyino.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yaṃ loko pūjayate,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Salokapālo sadā namassati ca;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Tasseta sāsanavaraṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vidūhi ñeyyaṃ naravarassā’’ti,</p>
<p class="unindented">‘‘Chaḷabhiññassa sāsana’’nti ca evaṃ visesakapadāpekkhakāni bhavanti. Buddho jino bhagavāti evaṃpakārāni pana no visesakāpekkhānīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci panettha evaṃ vadeyyuṃ ‘‘munindo samaṇindo samaṇissaro yatissaro ādiccabandhu ravibandhūti evaṃpakārānaṃ idha vuttānamabhidhānānaṃ visesatthābhāvato punaruttidoso atthī’’ti. Tanna, abhidhānānaṃ abhisaṅkharaṇīyānabhisaṅkharaṇīyavasena abhisaṅkhatābhidhānāni anabhisaṅkhatābhidhānānīti dvedhā dissanato. Tathā hi katthaci keci ‘‘sakyasīho’’ti abhidhānaṃ paṭicca ‘‘sakyakesarī sakyamigādhipo’’tiādinā nānāvividhamabhidhānamabhisaṅkharonti, pāvacanepi hi ‘‘dviduggamavarahanutta’malatthā’’ti pāṭho dissati. Tathā keci ‘‘dhammarājā’’ti abhidhānaṃ paṭicca ‘‘dhammadisampatī’’tiādīni abhisaṅkharonti. ‘‘Sabbaññū’’ti abhidhānaṃ paṭicca ‘‘sabbadassāvī sabbadassī’’tiādīni abhisaṅkharonti, ‘‘sahassakkho’’ti abhidhānaṃ paṭicca ‘‘dasasatalocano’’tiādīni abhisaṅkharonti. ‘‘Ādiccabandhū’’ti abhidhānaṃ paṭicca ‘‘aravindasahāyabandhū’’tiādīni abhisaṅkharonti. ‘‘Ambuja’’nti abhidhānaṃ paṭicca ‘‘nīrajaṃ kuñja’’ntiādīni abhisaṅkharonti. Pāvacanepi hi <a name="M0.0103"></a> yaṃ padumaṃ, taṃ jalajaṃ nāmāti mantvā paṭisambhidāppattehi ariyehi desanāvilāsavasena vutto ‘‘padumuttaranāmino’’ti vattabbaṭṭhāne ‘‘jalajuttaranāmino’’ti pāṭho dissati. Evaṃ abhisaṅkhatābhidhānāni dissanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Buddho bhagavā’’ti abhidhānāni pana anabhisaṅkhatābhidhānāni. Vuttañhetaṃ dhammasenāpatinā āyasmatā <span class="bld">sāriputtena</span> ‘‘buddhoti netaṃ nāmaṃ mātarā kataṃ, na pitarā kataṃ, na bhaginiyā kataṃ, na ñātisālohitehi kataṃ, na devatāhi kataṃ, vimokkhantikametaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ bodhiyā mūle saha sabbaññutaññāṇappaṭilābhā sacchikā paññatti yadidaṃ buddho’’ti, tathā ‘‘bhagavāti netaṃ nāmaṃ mātarā kataṃ…pe… sacchikā paññatti yadidaṃ bhagavā’’ti. Evaṃ ‘‘buddho bhagavā’’ti abhidhānāni anabhisaṅkhatābhidhānāni. Na hi tāni abhidhānāni ceva ‘‘satthā sugato jino’’tiādīni ca aññaṃ kiñci abhidhānaṃ paṭicca abhisaṅkhatāni, nāpi aññāni abhidhānāni etāni paṭicca abhisaṅkhatāni dissanti. Tathā hi ‘‘buddho’’ti abhidhānaṃ paṭicca ‘‘bujjhitā bodhetā bodhako’’tiādīni nāmābhidhānāni na abhisaṅkharonti. Tathā ‘‘bhagavā satthā sugato’’tiādīni nāmābhidhānāni paṭicca ‘‘sampannabhago anusāsako sundaravacano’’tiādīni nāmābhidhānāni nābhisaṅkharonti. Evaṃ imaṃ vibhāgaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘munindo samaṇindo samaṇissaro yatissaro ādiccabandhu ravibandhū’’tiādinā nayena punarutti amhehi katāti daṭṭhabbā. Evamaññatrāpi nayo netabbo. Atridaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Abhisaṅkhatanāmañca, nāmañcānabhisaṅkhataṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dviduggamavaro buddho, iti nāmaṃ dvidhā bhave’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pabhū</span>ti paraṃ pasayha bhavatīti pabhū, issaro. ‘‘Araññassa pabhū ayaṃ luddako’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Abhibhū</span>ti <a name="M0.0104"></a> abhibhavatīti abhibhū, asaññasatto. Kiṃ so abhibhavi? Cattāro khandhe arūpino. Iti cattāro khandhe arūpino abhibhavīti abhibhū. So ca kho niccetanattā abhibhavanakriyāyāsati pubbevā’saññuppattito jhānalābhikāle attanā adhigatapañcamajjhānaṃ saññāvirāgavasena bhāvetvā cattāro arūpakkhandhe asaññibhave appavattikaraṇena abhibhavitumārabhi, tadabhibhavanakiccaṃ idāni siddhanti abhibhavīti abhibhūti vuccati. Apica niccetanabhāvena abhibhavanabyāpāre asatipi pubbe sacetanakāle sabyāpārattā sacetanassa viya niccetanassāpi sato tassa upacārena sabyāpāratāvacanaṃ yujjateva. Dissati hi loke sāsane ca sacetanassa viya acetanassapi upacārena sabyāpāratāvacanaṃ. Taṃ yathā? Kūlaṃ patitukāmaṃ, evaṃ loke. Sāsane pana –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Rodante dārake disvā, ubbiggā vipulā dumā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sayamevonamitvāna, upagacchanti dārake’’ti ca</p>
<p class="unindented">‘‘Aṅgārino dāni dumā bhadante, phalesino chadanaṃ vippahāyā’’ti ca ‘‘phalaṃ toseti kassaka’’nti ca ādi. <span class="bld">Abhibhū</span>saddassa asaññasattābhidhānatte ‘‘abhibhuṃ abhibhuto maññatī’’ti idamettha sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Atha vā abhibhavatīti abhibhū, paresamabhibhavitā yo koci. Visesato pana tathāgatoyeva abhibhū. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘tathāgato bhikkhave abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī’’ti. Keci pana ‘‘abhibhū nāma sahasso brahmā’’ti vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vibhū</span>ti visesabhūtoti vibhū, ‘‘bhavasotaṃ sace buddho, tiṇṇo lokantagū vibhū’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ <a name="M0.0105"></a> vacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Vibhū</span>ti hettha rūpakāyadhammakāyasampattiyā visesabhūtoti attho. Āha ca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dissamānopi tāvassa, rūpakāyo acintiyo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Asādhāraṇañāṇaṭṭhe, dhammakāye kathāva kā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Adhibhū</span>ti adhibhavatīti adhibhū, issaro.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tadā maṃ tapatejena, santatto tidivādhibhū;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dhārento brāhmaṇaṃ vaṇṇaṃ, bhikkhāya maṃ upāgamī’’ti –</p>
<p class="unindented">Idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Patibhū</span>ti patibhūtoti patibhū, ‘‘goṇassa patibhū’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Gotrabhū</span>ti gottasaṅkhātaṃ amatamahānibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā bhūtoti gotrabhū, sotāpattimaggassa anantarapaccayena sikhāppattabalavavipassanācittena samannāgato puggalo. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘katamo ca puggalo gotrabhū? Yesaṃ dhammānaṃ samanantarā ariyadhammassa avakkanti hoti, tehi dhammehi samannāgato puggalo gotrabhū’’ti, idamevettha atthasādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Apica samaṇoti gottamattamanubhavamāno kāsāvakaṇṭhasamaṇopi gotrabhū. So hi ‘‘samaṇo’’ti gottamattaṃ anubhavati vindati, na samaṇadhamme attani avijjamānattāti ‘‘gotrabhū’’ti vuccati, ‘‘bhavissanti kho panānanda anāgatamaddhānaṃ gotrabhuno kāsāvakaṇṭhā dussīlā pāpadhammā’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Vatrabhū</span>ti sakko. So hi mātāpitibharaṇādīhi sattahi vattehi sakkattaṃ labhitvā aññe deve vattena abhibhavatīti vatrabhū. <span class="bld">Āgamaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> pana <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumhi labbhamānaṃ pattiatthampi gahetvā ‘‘vattena aññe abhibhavitvā devissariyaṃ pattoti vatrabhū’’ti <a name="M0.0106"></a> vuttaṃ, ‘‘vatranāmakaṃ vā asuraṃ abhibhavatīti vatrabhū’’ti ca, ‘‘vatrabhū jayataṃpitā’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Ettha hi <span class="bld">vatrabhū</span>ti vatranāmakassa asurassa abhibhavitā. <span class="bld">Jayataṃ pitā</span>ti jayantānaṃ pitā. ‘‘Sakko indo purindado’’ iccādi pariyāyavacanaṃ. Idaṃ tu dhātādhikāre pakāsessāma. <span class="bld">Parābhibhū</span>ti paramabhibhavatīti parābhibhū. Evaṃ <span class="bld">rūpābhibhū</span>tiādīsupi. <span class="bld">Sabbābhibhū</span>ti sabbamabhibhavitabbaṃ abhibhavatīti sabbābhibhū. Sabbābhibhūti ca idaṃ nāmaṃ tathāgatasseva yujjati. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbābhibhū sabbavidūhamasmi,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sabbesu dhammesu anūpalitto;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Sabbañjaho taṇhakkhaye vimutto,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sayaṃ abhiññāya kamuddiseyya’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ū</span>kārantapulliṅganiddeso. Niyatapulliṅganiddesoyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni aniyataliṅgānaṃ niyataliṅgesu pakkhittānaṃ <span class="bld">bhūtaparābhūta sambhūta</span>saddādīnaṃ niddeso vuccati. Tatra <span class="bld">bhūto</span>ti attano paccayehi abhavīti bhūto, bhūtoti jāto sañjāto nibbatto abhinibbatto pātubhūto, bhūtoti vā laddhasarūpo yo koci saviññāṇako vā aviññāṇako vā. Atha vā tathākārena bhavatīti bhūto, bhūtoti sacco tatho avitatho aviparīto yo koci, ettha yo <span class="bld">bhūta</span>saddo saccattho, tassa ‘‘bhūtaṭṭho’’ti idamettha sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Parābhūto</span>ti parābhavīti parābhūto. Suṭṭhu bhūtoti <span class="bld">sambhūto</span>. Visesena bhūtoti <span class="bld">vibhūto</span>. Vissuto bhūtoti vā vibhūto, ‘‘vibhūtārammaṇa’’nti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Vibhavīti vā <span class="bld">vibhūto,</span> vinaṭṭhoti attho, ‘‘rūpe vibhūte na phusanti phassā’’ti <a name="M0.0107"></a> idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Pākaṭo bhūtoti <span class="bld">pātubhūto</span>. Āvi bhavatīti <span class="bld">āvibhūto</span>. Evaṃ <span class="bld">tirobhūto. Vinābhūto</span>. Bhavitumanucchavikoti <span class="bld">bhabbo</span>. Paribhaviyate soti <span class="bld">paribhūto</span>. Yena kenaci yo pīḷito hīḷito vā, so paribhūto. Gamyamānattho yathākāmacārī. Abhibhaviyyate soti <span class="bld">abhibhūto</span>. Adhibhaviyate soti <span class="bld">adhibhūto</span>. Evaṃ <span class="bld">addhabhūto</span>. Ettha <span class="bld">adhi</span>saddena samānattho <span class="bld">addha</span>saddo, ‘‘cakkhu bhikkhave addhabhūtaṃ, rūpā addhabhūtā, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ addhabhūta’’nti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ, tathā ‘‘idha bhikkhave bhikkhu na heva anaddhabhūtaṃ attānaṃ na addhabhāvetī’’ti padampi. Tattha <span class="bld">anaddhabhūta</span>nti dukkhena anadhibhūtaṃ. Dukkhena anadhibhūto nāma manussattabhāvo vuccati, taṃ na addhabhāveti nābhibhavatīti suttapadattho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Anubhaviyate soti <span class="bld">anubhūto</span>. Evaṃ <span class="bld">samanubhūto. Paccanubhūto. Bhāvito</span>. Ettha bhāvitoti iminā samānādhikaraṇaṃ ‘‘satisambojjhaṅgo kho kassapa mayā sammadakkhāto bhāvito’’tiādīsu guṇīvācakaṃ padhānapadaṃ sāsane daṭṭhabbaṃ. Titthiyasamaye pana bhāvitoti kāmaguṇo vuccati. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">pāḷiyaṃ</span> ‘‘na bhāvitamāsīsatī’’ti. Tatra bhāvitā nāma pañca kāmaguṇā, te na āsīsati na sevatīti suttapadattho. Sambhāviyate soti <span class="bld">sambhāvito</span>. Evaṃ <span class="bld">vibhāvito. Paribhāvito. Anuparibhūto. Manaṃparibhūto</span>ti manaṃ paribhaviyittha soti manaṃparibhūto. Ettha <span class="bld">manaṃparibhūto</span>ti īsakaṃ appattaparibhavano vuccati. <span class="bld">Mana</span>nti hi nipātapadaṃ. ‘‘Atipaṇḍitena puttena, manamhi upakūlito, devadattena attano abuddhabhāvena ceva khantimettādīnañca <a name="M0.0108"></a> abhāvena kumārakassapatthero ca therī ca manaṃ nāsito, manaṃ vuḷho ahosī’’tiādīsu cassa payogo veditabbo. Atra <span class="bld">manaṃ</span>saddassa kiñci yuttiṃ vadāma.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Manaṃ</span>saddo dvidhā bhinno, nāmaṃ nepātikañciti;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Santaṃ tassa manaṃ hoti, manamhi upakūlitoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paribhavitabbo</span>ti aññena paribhavituṃ sakkuṇeyyoti paribhavitabbo. Evaṃ <span class="bld">paribhottabbo paribhavanīyo. Tabba</span>paccayaṭṭhāne hi <span class="bld">sakkuṇeyya</span>padayojanā dissati ‘‘aladdhaṃ ārammaṇaṃ laddhabbaṃ labhanīyaṃ laddhuṃ vā sakkuṇeyya’’nti. Atha vā paribhavanamarahatīti paribhavitabbo. Evaṃ <span class="bld">paribhottabbo paribhavanīyo</span>. Tathā hi <span class="bld">tabba</span>paccayaṭṭhāne <span class="bld">arahati</span>padayojanā dissati ‘‘parisakkuṇeyyaṃ lābhamarahatīti laddhabba’’nti. Ettha pana <span class="bld">paribhottabbo</span>ti padassa atthibhāve ‘‘khattiyo kho mahārāja daharoti na uññātabbo na paribhottabbo’’ti pāḷi nidassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Abhiadhi</span>pubbā <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātuyo samānatthā. Sesāni dukāni nayānusārena ñeyyāni. <span class="bld">Bhamāno</span>ti bhavatīti bhamāno, majjhe <span class="bld">va</span>kāralopo daṭṭhabbo. Atridaṃ vattabbaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kiṃ so bhamāno saccako’’, iccatra pāḷiyaṃ pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Rūpaṃ <span class="bld">bhavati</span>dhātussa, valopeneva dissati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atrāyaṃ pāḷi ‘‘kiṃ so bhamāno saccako nigaṇṭhaputto, yo bhagavato vādaṃ āropessatī’’ti. <span class="bld">Vibhavamāno</span>ti vibhavatīti vibhavamāno. Evaṃ <span class="bld">paribhavamāno</span>tiādīsu. Tattha ‘‘abhisambhonto’’timassa karonto nipphādento iccevattho. ‘‘Sabbāni abhisambhonto, sa rājavasatiṃ vase’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Yasmā panimāni <a name="M0.0109"></a> ‘‘bhavamāno’’tiādīni vippakatapaccattavacanāni, tasmā saramāno rodati, gacchanto gaṇhāti, ‘‘gacchanto so bhāradvājo, addasa accutaṃ isi’’ntiādīni viya paripuṇṇuttarakriyāpadāni katvā rājā bhavamāno sampattimanubhavatītiādinā yojetabbāni. ‘‘Saramāno gacchanto’’tiādīni hi ‘‘yāto gato patto’’tiādīhi sadisāni na honti, uttarakriyāpadāpekkhakāni honti <span class="bld">tvā</span>paccayantapadāni viyāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paribhaviyamāno</span>ti paribhaviyate soti paribhaviyamāno. Evaṃ <span class="bld">paribhuyyamāno</span>tiādīsupi. Imānipi vippakatapaccattavacanāni, tasmā ‘‘rājapurisehi nīyamāno coro evaṃ cintesī’’tiādīni viya paripuṇṇuttarakriyāpadāni katvā aññehi paribhaviyamāno tāṇaṃ gavesati. Bhogo puggalenānubhaviyamāno parikkhayaṃ gacchatītiādinā yojetabbāni. Evaṃ sabbatra īdisesu vippakatavacanesu yojetabbāni. Ayaṃ aniyataliṅgānaṃ niyataliṅgesu pakkhittānaṃ <span class="bld">bhūta parābhūta sambhūta</span>saddānaṃ niddeso. Iccevaṃ pulliṅgānaṃ <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayānaṃ yathārahaṃ nibbacanādivasena niddeso vibhāvito.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni itthiliṅganiddeso vuccati – tatra <span class="bld">bhāvikā</span>ti bhāvetīti bhāvikā. Yā bhāvanaṃ karoti, sā bhāvikā. <span class="bld">Bhāvanā</span>ti vaḍḍhanā brūhanā phātikaraṇaṃ āsevanā bahulīkāro. <span class="bld">Vibhāvanā</span>ti pakāsanā sandassanā. Atha vā <span class="bld">vibhāvanā</span>ti abhāvanā antaradhāpanā. <span class="bld">Sambhāvanā</span>ti ukkaṃsanā thomanā. <span class="bld">Paribhāvanā</span>ti vāsanā, samantato vā vaḍḍhanā. <span class="bld">Ā</span>kārantitthiliṅganiddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhūmī</span>ti sattāyamānā bhavatīti bhūmi, atha vā bhavanti jāyanti vaḍḍhanti cettha thāvarā ca jaṅgamā cāti bhūmi. Bhūmi vuccati <a name="M0.0110"></a> pathavī. ‘‘Paṭhamāya bhūmiyā pattiyā’’tiādīsu pana lokuttaramaggo bhūmīti vuccati. Yā panandhabālamahājanena viññātā pathavī, tassimāni abhidhānāni –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pathavī medanī bhūmi, bhūrī bhū puthuvī mahī;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Chamā vasumatī ubbī, avanī ku vasundharā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Jagatī khiti vasudhā, dharaṇī go dharā’’iti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atra <span class="bld">bhū ku go</span>saddā pathavīpadatthe vattantīti kutra diṭṭhapubbāti ce?</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vidvā bhūpāla kumuda-gorakkhādipadesu ve;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Bhū ku go</span>iti pathavī, vuccatīti vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhūtī</span>ti bhavanaṃ bhūti. <span class="bld">Vibhūtī</span>ti vināso, visesato bhavanaṃ vā, atha vā visesato bhavanti sattā etāyāti vibhūti, sampattiyeva, ‘‘rañño vibhūti. Pihanīyā vibhūtiyo’’ti ca idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. <span class="bld">I</span>kārantitthiliṅganiddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhūrī</span>ti pathavī. Sā hi bhavanti etthāti bhūrīti vuccati, bhavati vā paññāyati vaḍḍhati cāti bhūrī, atha vā bhūtābhūtā tannissitā sattā ramanti etthāti bhūrī. Pathavīnissitā hi sattā pathaviyaṃyeva ramanti, tasmā sā imināpi atthena bhūrīti vuccati. <span class="bld">Bhūrī</span>saddassa pathavīvacane ‘‘bhūripañño’’ti atthasādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. Apica bhūrī viyāti bhūrī, paññā, bhūrīti pathavīsamāya vitthatāya paññāya nāmaṃ, ‘‘yogā ve jāyatī bhūrī, ayogā bhūrisaṅkhayo’’ti ettha aṭṭhakathāvacanaṃ imassatthassa sādhakaṃ. Atha vā bhūte atthe ramatīti bhūrī, paññāyetaṃ nāmaṃ, ‘‘bhūrī medhā pariṇāyikā’’ti ettha <a name="M0.0111"></a> aṭṭhakathāvacanaṃ imassatthassa sādhakaṃ. Atha vā paññāyeva rāgādayo dhamme abhibhavatīti bhūrī, rāgādiarayo abhibhavatītipi bhūrī. Tathā hi <span class="bld">paṭisambhidāmagge</span> āyasmatā sāriputtena vuttaṃ ‘‘rāgaṃ abhibhūyatīti bhūrī, paññā. Dosaṃ mohaṃ…pe… rāgo ari, taṃ ariṃ maddatīti bhūrī, paññā. Doso. Moho…pe… sabbe bhavagāmino kammā ari, taṃ ariṃ maddatīti bhūrī, paññā’’. Ettha pana ‘‘gotrabhū’’ti padamiva ‘‘aribhū’’ti vattabbepi <span class="bld">bhū</span>saddaṃ pubbanipātaṃ katvā sandhivasena bhūrīti padamuccāritanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Apica īdisesu nāmikapadesu vināpi upasaggena abhibhavanādiatthā labbhantiyeva, nākhyātikapadesūti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Idaṃ pana paññāya pariyāyavacanaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Paññā pajānanā cintā, vicayo upalakkhaṇā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pavicayo ca paṇḍiccaṃ, dhammavicayameva ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sallakkhaṇā ca kosallaṃ, bhūrī paccupalakkhaṇā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nepuññañceva vebhabyā, medhā cupaparikkhakā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sampajaññañca pariṇā-yikā ceva vipassanā;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Paññindriyaṃ paññābalaṃ, amoho sammādiṭṭhi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Patodo <span class="bld">cābhidhammasmā,</span> imāni gahitāni me.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ñāṇaṃ paññāṇamummaṅgo, sattho soto ca diṭṭhi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mantā bodho buddhi buddhaṃ, paṭibhānañca bodhiti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dhammo vijjā gati monaṃ, nepakkaṃ go matī muti;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Vīmaṃsā yoni dhonā ca, paṇḍā paṇḍiccayampi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vedo paṇḍitiyañceva, cikicchā miriyāpi ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Soto bodhī’’ti yaṃ vuttaṃ, ñāṇanāmadvayaṃ idaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Buddhapaccekasambuddha-sāvakānampi rūhati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Abhisambodhi <a name="M0.0112"></a> sambodhi’’, iti nāmadvayaṃ pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paccekabuddhasabbaññu-buddhānaṃyeva rūhati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Abhisambodhisaṅkhātā, <span class="bld">paramo</span>papadā pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ñāṇapaṇṇatti sabbaññu-sambuddhasseva rūhati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sammāsambodhisaṅkhātā, <span class="bld">anuttara</span>padādikā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Buddhā vā ñāṇapaṇṇatti, sabbaññusseva rūhati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbaññutā’’ti yaṃ vuttaṃ, ñāṇaṃ sabbaññunova taṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yujjate avasesā tu, ñāṇapaññatti sabbagā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ñāṇabhāvamhi santepi, dhammacakkhādikaṃ pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Payojanantarābhāvā, nātra sandassitaṃ mayāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhūtī</span>ti bhūtassa bhariyā. Yathā hi petassa bhariyā ‘‘petī’’ti vuccati, evameva bhūtassa bhariyā ‘‘bhūtī’’ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Bhotī</span>ti yāya saddhiṃ kathentena sā itthī ‘‘bhotī’’ iti vattabbā, tasmā iminā padena itthī vohariyatīti ca daṭṭhabbaṃ. Yathā hi purisena saddhiṃ kathentena puriso ‘‘bhavaṃ’’ iti vohariyati, evameva itthiyā saddhiṃ kathentena itthī ‘‘bhotī’’iti vohariyati. ‘‘Kuto nu bhavaṃ bhāradvājo, ime ānesi dārake’’ti, ‘‘ahaṃ bhotiṃ upaṭṭhissaṃ, mā bhotī kupitā ahū’’ti cettha nidassanaṃ. Atha vā idhekacco satto itthiliṅgavasena laddhanāmo, so ‘‘bhotī’’iti vattabbo, tasmā iminā padena itthīpi itthiliṅgena laddhanāmā anitthīpi vohariyatīti ca daṭṭhabbā. Tathā hi devaputtopi ‘‘devatā’’ti itthiliṅgavasena voharitabbattā <span class="bld">devatā</span>saddamapekkhitvā ‘‘bhotī’’iti voharito, pageva devadhītā. Tathā hi ‘‘bhotī carahi jānāti, taṃ me akkhāhi pucchitā’’ti ettha pana <span class="bld">devatā</span>saddamapekkhitvā ‘‘bhotī’’iti itthi liṅgavohāro kato. Atrāyaṃ <a name="M0.0113"></a> suttapadattho ‘‘yadi so kuhako dhanatthiko tāpaso na jānāti, bhotī devatā pana jānāti ki’’nti. Apica –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Atthakāmosi me yakkha, hitakāmāsi devate;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Karomi te taṃ vacanaṃ, tvaṃsi ācariyo mamā’’ti –</p>
<p class="unindented">Maṭṭhakuṇḍalīvatthusmiṃ pulliṅga<span class="bld">yakkha</span>saddamapekkhitvā ‘‘atthakāmo’’ti pulliṅgavasena itthiliṅgañca <span class="bld">devatā</span>saddamapekkhitvā ‘‘hitakāmā’’ti itthiliṅgavasena purisabhūto maṭṭhakuṇḍalī voharito. Aññatrāpi <span class="bld">devatā</span>saddamapekkhitvā devaputto itthiliṅgavasena voharito –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Na tvaṃ bāle vijānāsi, yathā arahataṃ vaco’’ti;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Atthakāmāsi me amma, hitakāmāsi devate’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana ‘‘ehi bāle khamāpehi, kusarājaṃ mahabbala’’nti ettha ca itthīyeva itthiliṅgavasena voharitā, tasmā katthaci itthipurisapadatthasaṅkhātaṃ atthaṃ anapekkhitvā liṅgamattamevāpekkhitvā bhotī devatā, bhotī silā, bhotī jambū, bhotiṃ devatantiādīhi saddhiṃ paccattavacanādīni yojetabbāni. Katthaci pana liṅgañca atthañca apekkhitvā ‘‘bhotī itthī, bhotiṃ deva’’ntiādinā yojetabbāni. <span class="bld">Vibhāvinī</span>ti vibhāvetīti vibhāvinī. Evaṃ <span class="bld">paribhāvinī</span>tiādīsupi. <span class="bld">Ī</span>kārantitthiliṅganiddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhūti</span> sattāyamānā bhavatīti bhū. Atha vā bhavanti jāyanti vaḍḍhanti cettha sattasaṅkhārāti bhū. Bhū vuccati pathavī. <span class="bld">Abhū</span>ti vaḍḍhivirahitā kathā, na bhūtapubbāti vā abhū, abhūtapubbā kathā. Na bhūtāti vā abhū, abhūtā kathā. ‘‘Abhuṃ me kathaṃ nu bhaṇasi, pāpakaṃ vata bhāsasī’’ti idametesamatthānaṃ <a name="M0.0114"></a> sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Ū</span>kārantitthiliṅganiddeso. Niyatitthiliṅganiddesoyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aniyataliṅgānaṃ pana niyatitthiliṅgesu pakkhittānaṃ <span class="bld">bhūtaparābhūtasambhūta</span>saddādīnaṃ niddeso nayānusārena suviññeyyova. Iccevaṃ itthiliṅgānaṃ <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayānaṃ yathārahaṃ nibbacanādivasena niddeso vibhāvito.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni napuṃsakaliṅganiddeso vuccati – tatra <span class="bld">bhūta</span>nti catubbidhaṃ pathavīdhātuādikaṃ mahābhūtarūpaṃ. Tañhi aññesaṃ nissayabhāvena bhavatīti bhūtaṃ, bhavati vā tasmiṃ tadadhīnavuttitāya upādārūpanti bhūtaṃ. Atha vā bhūtanti satto bhūtanāmako vā. Bhūtanti hi napuṃsakavasena sakalo satto evaṃnāmako ca yakkhādiko vuccati. ‘‘Kālo ghasati bhūtāni, sabbāneva sahattanā. Yānīdha bhūtāni samāgatāni, ujjhāpetvāna bhūtāni, tamhā ṭhānā apakkamī’’ti evamādīsu napuṃsakappayogo veditabbo. Gātābandhasukhatthaṃ liṅgavipallāsoti ce? Tanna, ‘‘yakkhādīni mahābhūtāni yaṃ gaṇhanti, neva tesaṃ tassa anto, na bahi ṭhānaṃ upalabbhatī’’ti cuṇṇiyapadaracanāyampi <span class="bld">bhūta</span>saddassa napuṃsakaliṅgattadassanatoti avagantabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Mahābhūta</span>nti vuttappakāraṃ catubbidhaṃ mahābhūtarūpaṃ. Tassa mahantapātubhāvādīhi kāraṇehi mahābhūtatā veditabbā. Kathaṃ? Mahantaṃ bhūtanti mahābhūtaṃ, māyākārasaṅkhātena mahābhūtena samantipi mahābhūtaṃ, yakkhādīhi mahābhūtehi samantipi mahābhūtaṃ, mahantehi ghāsacchādanādipaccayehi bhūtaṃ pavattantipi mahābhūtaṃ, mahāvikārabhūtantipi mahābhūtaṃ. Evaṃ mahantapātubhāvādīhi kāraṇehi mahābhūtatā veditabbā. Atridaṃ suṭṭhupalakkhitabbaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Punnapuṃsakaliṅgo <a name="M0.0115"></a> ca, <span class="bld">bhūta</span>saddo pavattati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paṇṇattiyaṃ guṇe ceva, guṇeyevitthiliṅgako.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Bhūta sambhūta</span>saddādi-naye paṇṇattivācakā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yojetabbā tiliṅge te, iti ñe yyaṃ visesato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhūto tiṭṭhati, bhūtāni, tiṭṭhanti, samaṇo ayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Idāni bhūto, cittāni, bhūtāni vimalāni tu.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vañjhā bhūtā vadhū esā’’, iccudāharaṇānime;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vuttāni suṭṭhu lakkheyya, sāsanatthagavesako.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhavitta</span>nti vaḍḍhitaṭṭhānaṃ. Tañhi bhavanti vaḍḍhanti etthāti bhavittanti vuccati, ‘‘janittaṃ me bhavittaṃ me, iti paṅke avassayi’’nti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhavittaṃ’’ iti ‘‘bhāvitta’’-nti ca pāṭho dvidhā mayā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Rassattadīghabhāvena, diṭṭho bhaggavajātake.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhūna</span>nti bhavanaṃ bhūnaṃ vaddhi. ‘‘Ahameva dūsiyā bhūnahatā, rañño mahāpatāpassā’’ti, ‘‘bhūnahaccaṃ kataṃ mayā’’ti ca idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhavana</span>nti bhavanakriyā. Atha vā bhavanti vaḍḍhanti ettha sattā puttadhītāhi nānāsampattīhi cāti bhavanaṃ vuccati geho, ‘‘pettikaṃ bhavanaṃ mamā’’ti idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. ‘‘Geho gharañca āvāso, bhavanañca niketana’’nti idaṃ pariyāyavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Parābhavana</span>nti avaddhimāpajjanaṃ. <span class="bld">Sambhavana</span>nti suṭṭhu bhavanaṃ. <span class="bld">Vibhavana</span>nti ucchedo vināso vā. <span class="bld">Pātubhavana</span>nti pākaṭatā sarūpalābho iccevattho. <span class="bld">Āvibhavana</span>nti paccakkhabhāvo. <span class="bld">Tirobhavana</span>nti paṭicchannabhāvo. <span class="bld">Vinābhavana</span>nti vinābhāvo. <span class="bld">Sotthibhavana</span>nti suvatthitā. <span class="bld">Paribhavana</span>nti pīḷanā hīḷanā vā. <span class="bld">Abhibhavana</span>nti vidhamanaṃ. <span class="bld">Adhibhavana</span>nti ajjhottharaṇaṃ<a name="M0.0116"></a>. <span class="bld">Anubhavana</span>nti paribhuñjanaṃ. <span class="bld">Samanubhavana</span>nti suṭṭhu paribhuñjanaṃ. <span class="bld">Paccanubhavana</span>nti adhipatibhāvenapi suṭṭhu paribhuñjanaṃ. Niggahītantanapuṃsakaliṅganiddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Atthavibhāvī</span>ti atthassa vibhāvanasīlaṃ cittaṃ vā ñāṇaṃ vā kulaṃ vā atthavibhāvi. Evaṃ <span class="bld">dhammavibhāvi. I</span>kārantanapuṃsakaliṅganiddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Gotrabhū</span>ti paññattārammaṇaṃ mahaggatārammaṇaṃ vā gotrabhucittaṃ. Tañhi kāmāvacaragottamabhibhavati, mahaggatagottañca bhāveti nibbattetīti ‘‘gotrabhū’’ti vuccati. Apica gotrabhūti nibbānārammaṇaṃ maggavīthiyaṃ pavattaṃ gotrabhuñāṇaṃ vā saṅkhārārammaṇaṃ vā phalasamāpattivīthiyaṃ pavattaṃ gotrabhuñāṇaṃ. Tesu hi paṭhamaṃ puthujjanagottamabhibhavati, ariyagottañca bhāveti, gottābhidhānā ca nibbānato ārammaṇakaraṇavasena bhavatīti ‘‘gotrabhū’’ti vuccati, dutiyaṃ pana saṅkhārārammaṇampi samānaṃ āsevanapaccayabhāvena sasampayuttāni phalacittāni gottābhidhāne nibbānamhi bhāvetīti ‘‘gotrabhū’’ti vuccati. Idaṃ pāḷivavatthānaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Gotrabhu’’iti rassatta-vasena kathitaṃ padaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Napuṃsakanti viññeyyaṃ, ñāṇacittādipekkhakaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Gotrabhū’’iti dīghatta-vasena kathitaṃ pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pulliṅgamiti viññeyyaṃ, puggalādikapekkhakaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dīghabhāvena vuttaṃ tu, napuṃsakanti no vade;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Binduvantī’tare bhedā, tayo iti hi bhāsitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Ī</span>kārantā ca <span class="bld">ū</span>dantā, rassattaṃ yanti sāsane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Napuṃsakattaṃ patvāna, sahabhu sīghayāyiti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Cittena saha bhavatīti <span class="bld">cittasahabhu,</span> cittena saha na bhavatīti <span class="bld">nacittasahabhu,</span> rūpaṃ. <span class="bld">U</span>kārantanapuṃsakaliṅganiddeso. Niyatanapuṃsakaliṅganiddesoyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aniyataliṅgānaṃ <a name="M0.0117"></a> niyatanapuṃsakaliṅgesu pakkhittānaṃ <span class="bld">bhūtaparābhūta</span>saddādīnaṃ niddeso nayānusārena suviññeyyova. Iccevaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgānaṃ <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayānaṃ yathārahaṃ nibbacanādivasena niddeso vibhāvito. Iccevaṃ sabbathāpi liṅgattayaniddeso samatto.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ulliṅganena vividhena nayena vuttaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2"><span class="bld">Bhū</span>dhātusaddamayaliṅgatikaṃ yadetaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Āliṅgiyaṃ piyatarañca sutaṃ suliṅgaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Poso kare manasi liṅgaviduttamicchaṃ.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti navaṅge sāṭṭhakathe piṭakattaye byappathagatīsu viññūnaṃ</p>
<p class="centered">Kosallatthāya kate saddanītippakaraṇe</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">Bhū</span>dhātumayānaṃ tividhaliṅgikānaṃ nāmikarūpānaṃ vibhāgo</p>
<p class="centered">Catuttho paricchedo.</p>
<p class="chapter">5. Okārantapulliṅganāmikapadamālā</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Bhū</span> dhātuto pavattānaṃ, nāmikānamito paraṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nāmamālaṃ pakāsissaṃ, nāmamālantarampi ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vippakiṇṇakathā ettha, evaṃ vutte na hessati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pabhedo nāmamālānaṃ, paripuṇṇova hehiti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pubbācariyasīhānaṃ, tasmā idha mataṃ sutaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Purecaraṃ karitvāna, vakkhāmi savinicchayaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Puriso, purisā. Purisaṃ, purise. Purisena, purisehi, purisebhi. Purisassa, purisānaṃ. Purisā, purisasmā, purisamhā, purisehi, purisebhi. Purisassa, purisānaṃ. Purise, purisasmiṃ, purisamhi, purisesu. Bho purisa, bhavanto purisā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayamāyasmatā mahākaccānena pabhinnapaṭisambhidena katasmā <span class="bld">niruttipiṭaka</span>to uddharito <span class="bld">purisa</span>iccetassa pakatirūpassa <a name="M0.0118"></a> nāmikapadamālānayo. Tatra purisavacanaekavacanaputhuvacanesu paccattavacanādīni bhavanti. Taṃ yathā? Puriso tiṭṭhati, purisā tiṭṭhanti. Tatra <span class="bld">puriso</span>ti purisavacane ekavacane paccattavacanaṃ bhavati, <span class="bld">purisā</span>ti purisavacane puthuvacane paccattavacanaṃ bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Purisaṃ passati, purise passati. Tatra <span class="bld">purisa</span>nti purisavacane ekavacane upayogavacanaṃ bhavati, <span class="bld">purise</span>ti purisavacane puthuvacane upayogavacanaṃ bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Purisena kataṃ, purisehi kataṃ, purisebhi kataṃ. Tatra <span class="bld">purisenā</span>ti purisavacane ekavacane karaṇavacanaṃ bhavati, <span class="bld">purisehi, purisebhī</span>ti purisavacane puthuvacane karaṇavacanaṃ bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Purisassa dīyate, purisānaṃ dīyate. Tatra <span class="bld">purisassā</span>ti purisavacane ekavacane sampadānavacanaṃ bhavati, <span class="bld">purisāna</span>nti purisavacane puthuvacane sampadānavacanaṃ bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Purisā nissaṭaṃ, purisasmā nissaṭaṃ, purisamhā nissaṭaṃ, purisehi nissaṭaṃ, purisebhi nissaṭaṃ. Tatra <span class="bld">purisā</span>ti purisavacane ekavacane nissakkavacanaṃ bhavati. <span class="bld">Purisasmā</span>ti…pe… <span class="bld">purisamhā</span>ti purisavacane ekavacane nissakkavacanaṃ bhavati, <span class="bld">purisehi, purisebhī</span>ti purisavacane puthuvacane nissakkavacanaṃ bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Purisassa pariggaho, purisānaṃ pariggaho. Tatra <span class="bld">purisassā</span>ti purisavacane ekavacane sāmivacanaṃ bhavati, <span class="bld">purisāna</span>nti purisavacane puthuvacane sāmivacanaṃ bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Purise patiṭṭhitaṃ, purisasmiṃ patiṭṭhitaṃ, purisamhi patiṭṭhitaṃ, purisesu patiṭṭhitaṃ. Tatra <span class="bld">purise</span>ti purisavacane ekavacane bhummavacanaṃ bhavati, <span class="bld">purisasmi</span>nti…pe… <span class="bld">purisamhī</span>ti…pe… <span class="bld">purisesū</span>ti purisavacane puthuvacane bhummavacanaṃ bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bho <a name="M0.0119"></a> purisa tiṭṭha, bhavanto purisā tiṭṭhatha. Tatra <span class="bld">bho purisa</span>iti purisavacane ekavacane ālapanaṃ bhavati, <span class="bld">bhavanto purisā</span>iti purisavacane puthuvacane ālapanaṃ bhavatīti iminā nayena sabbattha nayo vitthāretabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yamakamahātherena katāya pana <span class="bld">cūḷaniruttiyaṃ</span> ‘‘bho purisa’’iti rassavasena ālapanekavacanaṃ vatvā ‘‘bho purisā’’iti dīghavasena ālapanabahuvacanaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcāpi tādiso nayo niruttipiṭake natthi, tathāpi bahūnamālapanavisaye ‘‘bho yakkhā’’itiādīnaṃ ālapanabahuvacanānaṃ <span class="bld">jātakaṭṭhakathā</span>dīsu dissanato pasatthatarova hoti viññūnaṃ pamāṇañca, tasmā iminā yamakamahātheramatenapi ‘‘puriso purisā purisa’’ntiādīni vatvā āmantane ‘‘bho purisa, bho purisā, bhavanto purisā’’ti nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">puriso</span>ti paṭhamāya ekavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Purisā</span>ti bahuvacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Purisa</span>nti dutiyāya ekavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Purise</span>ti bahuvacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Purisenā</span>ti tatiyāya ekavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Purisehi, purisebhī</span>ti dve bahuvacanāni. <span class="bld">Purisassā</span>ti catutthiyā ekavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Purisāna</span>nti bahuvacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Purisā, purisasmā, purisamhā</span>ti tīṇi pañcamiyā ekavacanāni. <span class="bld">Purisehi, purisebhī</span>ti dve bahuvacanāni. <span class="bld">Purisassā</span>ti chaṭṭhiyā ekavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Purisāna</span>nti bahuvacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Purise, purisasmiṃ, purisamhī</span>ti tīṇi sattamiyā ekavacanāni. <span class="bld">Purisesū</span>ti bahuvacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Bho purisā</span>ti aṭṭhamiyā ekavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Bho purisā, bhavanto purisā</span>ti dve bahuvacanāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiñcāpetesu ‘‘purisā’’ti idaṃ paṭhamāpañcamīaṭṭhamīnaṃ, ‘‘purise’’ti idaṃ dutiyāsattamīnaṃ, ‘‘purisehi, purisebhī’’ti tatiyāpañcamīnaṃ, ‘‘purisāna’’nti catutthīchaṭṭhīnaṃ ekasadisaṃ, tathāpi atthavasena asaṅkarabhāvo veditabbo. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Puriso <a name="M0.0120"></a> tiṭṭhati, purisā tiṭṭhanti. Purisaṃ passati, purise passatī’’tiādinā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha ca <span class="bld">bho</span>ti āmantanatthe nipāto. So na kevalaṃ ekavacanaṃyeva hoti, atha kho bahuvacanampi hotīti ‘‘bho purisā’’iti bahuvacanappayogopi gahito. ‘‘Bhavanto’’tidaṃ pana bahuvacanameva hotīti ‘‘purisā’’ti puna vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Iti yamakamahātherena ‘‘bho purisa’’iti rassavasena ālapanekavacanaṃ vatvā ‘‘bho purisā’’iti dīghavasena ālapanabahuvacanaṃ vuttaṃ. Tathā hi pāḷiyaṃ aṭṭhakathāsu ca nipātabhūto <span class="bld">bho</span>saddo ekavacanabahuvacanavasena dvidhā bhijjati. Atrimāni nidassanapadāni – ‘‘api nu kho sapariggahānaṃ tevijjānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ apariggahena brahmunā saddhiṃ saṃsandati sametīti, no hidaṃ bho gotama. Acchariyaṃ bho ānanda, abbhutaṃ bho ānanda, ehi bho samaṇa, bho pabbajita’’iccādipāḷito aṭṭhakathāto ca <span class="bld">bho</span>saddassa ekavacanappayoge pavattinidassanaṃ, ‘‘tena hi bho mamapi suṇātha. Yathā mayameva arahāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ, nāhaṃ bho samaṇassa gotamassa subhāsitaṃ subhāsitato nābbhanumodāmi, passatha bho imaṃ kulaputtaṃ. Bho yakkhā ahaṃ imaṃ tumhākaṃ bhājetvā dadeyyaṃ. Aparisuddho panamhi, bho dhuttā tumhākaṃ kriyā mayhaṃ na ruccati. So te purise āha bho tumhe maṃ mārentā rañño dassetvāva mārethā’’ti iccādi pana pāḷito aṭṭhakathāto ca <span class="bld">bho</span>saddassa bahuvacanappayoge pavattinidassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Kaccāyana</span>ppakaraṇe pana ‘‘bho purisa, bho purisā’’ti padadvayaṃ ālapanekavacanavasena vuttaṃ. Taṃ yathā āgamehi na virujjhati, tathā gahetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci <a name="M0.0121"></a> pana adūraṭṭhassālapane ‘‘bho purisa’’iti rassavasena ālapanekavacanaṃ icchanti, dūraṭṭhassālapane pana ‘‘bho purisā’’iti dīghavasena ālapanekavacanaṃ icchanti. Adūraṭṭhānaṃ dūraṭṭhānañca purisānaṃ itthīnañca ālapane na kiñci vadanti. Tathā adūraṭṭhāya dūraṭṭhāya ca itthiyā ālapane te pucchitabbā ‘‘adūraṭṭhānaṃ dūraṭṭhānañca purisānamālapane kathaṃ vattabba’’nti. Addhā te evaṃ puṭṭhā uttari kiñci vattuṃ na sakkhissanti. Evampi te ce vadeyyuṃ ‘‘bhavanto purisāti imināva adūraṭṭhānaṃ dūraṭṭhānañca purisānamālapanaṃ bhavatī’’ti. Tadā te vattabbā ‘‘yadi bhavanto purisā’’ti iminā advejjhena vacanena adūraṭṭhānaṃ dūraṭṭhānañca purisānamālapanaṃ bhavati, evaṃ sante ‘‘bho purisa’’iti rassapadenapi dūraṭṭhassa ca purisassālapanaṃ vattabbaṃ, evaṃ avatvā kimatthaṃ adūraṭṭhassālapane ‘‘bho purisa’’iti rassavasena ālapanekavacanaṃ icchatha, kimatthañca dūraṭṭhassālapane ‘‘bho purisā’’iti dīghavasena ālapanekavacanaṃ icchatha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ‘‘taggha bhagavā bojjhaṅgā, taggha sugata bojjhaṅgā’’tiādīsu ālapanapadabhūtaṃ ‘‘bhagavā’’iti dīghapadaṃ samīpe ṭhitakālepi dūre ṭhitakālepi buddhassālapanapadaṃ bhavitumarahateva, tathā ālapanapadabhūtaṃ ‘‘sugata’’iti rassapadampi. Yasmā panetesu ‘‘bhagavā’’ti ālapanapadassa na katthacipi rassattaṃ dissati, ‘‘sugatā’’ti ālapanapadassa ca na katthacipi dīghattaṃ dissati, tasmā dīgharassamattābhedaṃ acintetvā ‘‘purisa’’iti rassavasena vuttapadaṃ pakatissaravasena samīpe ṭhitassa purisassa āmantanakāle adūraṭṭhassālapanapadaṃ bhavati, āyatassaravasena dūre ṭhitapurisassa āmantanakāle dūraṭṭhassālapanapadaṃ bhavatīti gahetabbaṃ. Tathā ‘‘bhavanto purisā, bho yakkhā, bho dhuttā’’tiādīni <a name="M0.0122"></a> dīghavasena vuttāni ālapanabahuvacanapadānipi pakatissaravasena samīpe ṭhitapurisānaṃ āmantanakāle adūraṭṭhānamālapanapadāni bhavanti, āyatassaravasena dūre ṭhitapurisādīnaṃ āmantanakāle dūraṭṭhānamālapanapadāni bhavantīti gahetabbāni. Tathā hi brāhmaṇā katthaci katthaci rassaṭṭhānepi dīghaṭṭhānepi āyatena sarena majjhimāyatena sarena accāyatena ca sarena vedaṃ paṭhanti likhitumasakkuṇeyyena gītassarena viya. Iti sabbakkharesupi āyatena sarenuccāraṇaṃ labbhateva likhitumasakkuṇeyyaṃ, tasmā asampathamanotaritvā ‘‘bho purisa’’iti vacanena dūraṭṭhassa ca adūraṭṭhassa ca purisassālapanaṃ bhavati, ‘‘bho purisā, bhavanto purisā’’ti imehi vacanehipi dūraṭṭhānañca adūraṭṭhānañca purisānamālapanaṃ bhavatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Iti dūraṭṭhassa adūraṭṭhānañca āyatena sarena āmantanameva pamāṇaṃ, na dīgharassamattāviseso, tasmā ‘‘bho sattha, bho rāja, bho gaccha, bho muni, bho daṇḍi, bho bhikkhu, bho sayambhu, bhoti kaññe, bhoti patti, bhoti itthi, bhoti yāgu, bhoti vadhu, bho kula, bho aṭṭhi, bho cakkhu’’iccevamādīhi padehi adūraṭṭhassālapanañca dūraṭṭhassālapanañca bhavati. ‘‘Bhavanto satthā, satthāro, bhotiyo kaññā, kaññāyo’’ti evamādīhipi padehi adūraṭṭhānañcālapanaṃ bhavatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ panettha sanniṭṭhānaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tassa taṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, rañño puttaṃ adassayuṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Putto ca pitaraṃ disvā, dūratovajjhabhāsatha.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Āgacchu dovārikā khaggabandhā,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Kāsāviyā hantu mamaṃ janinda;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Akkhāhi me pucchito etamatthaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Aparādho ko nvidha mamajja atthi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evaṃ <a name="M0.0123"></a> saddhammarājena, vohārakusalena ve;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sudesite somanassa-jātake sabbadassinā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dūraṭṭhānepi rassattaṃ, ‘‘janinda’’iti dissati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na katthacipi dīghattaṃ, iti nīti mayā matā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idampettha vattabbaṃ ‘‘kuto nu bho idamāyātaṃ ‘dūraṭṭhassālapanaṃ adūraṭṭhassālapanami’ti’’? Saddasatthato. Saddasatthaṃ nāma na sabbaso buddhavacanassopakārakaṃ, ekadesena pana hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imasmiṃ pakaraṇe ‘‘bahuvacana’’nti vā ‘‘puthuvacana’’nti vā ‘‘anekavacana’’nti vā atthato ekaṃ, byañjanameva nānaṃ, tasmā sabbattha ‘‘bahuvacana’’nti vā ‘‘puthuvacana’’nti vā ‘‘anekavacana’’nti vā vohāro kātabbo, puthuvacanaṃ anekavacananti ca idaṃ sāsane niruttaññūnaṃ vohāro, itaraṃ saddasatthavidūnaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmā pana imasmiṃ pakaraṇe dvivacanaṃ na vuttanti? Yasmā buddhavacane dvivacanaṃ nāma natthi, tasmā na vuttanti. Nanu buddhavacane vacanattayaṃ atthi, tathā hi ‘‘āyasmā’’ti idaṃ ekavacanaṃ, ‘‘āyasmantā’’ti idaṃ dvivacanaṃ, ‘‘āyasmanto’’ti idaṃ bahuvacananti? Tanna, yadi ‘‘āyasmantā’’ti idaṃ vacanaṃ dvivacanaṃ bhaveyya, ‘‘puriso purisā’’tiādīsu kataraṃ dvivacananti vadeyyātha, tasmā buddhavacane dvivacanaṃ nāma natthi. Teneva hi <span class="bld">si yo aṃ yo nā hī</span>tiādinā ekavacanabahuvacanāneva dassitānīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca bho ‘‘suṇantu me āyasmantā, ajja uposatho pannaraso. Yadāyasmantānaṃ pattakallaṃ, mayaṃ aññamaññaṃ pārisuddhiuposathaṃ kareyyāmā’’ti <span class="bld">pāḷiyaṃ</span> dve sandhāya ‘‘āyasmantā’’ti vuttaṃ, ‘‘uddiṭṭhā kho āyasmanto cattāro pārājikā dhammā’’tiādīsu pana pāḷīsu bahavo sandhāya ‘‘āyasmanto’’ti vuttaṃ, na ca sakkā vattuṃ ‘‘yathā tathā vutta’’nti<a name="M0.0124"></a>, parivāsādiārocanepi aṭṭhakathācariyehi viññātasugatādhippāyehi ‘‘dvinnaṃ ārocentena ‘āyasmantā dhārentū’ti, tiṇṇaṃ ārocentena ‘āyasmanto dhārentū’ti vattabba’’nti vuttattāti? Saccaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ pana vinayavohāravasena vuttanti. Nanu vinayo buddhavacanaṃ, kasmā ‘‘buddhavacane dvivacanaṃ nāma natthī’’ti vadathāti? Saccaṃ vinayo buddhavacanaṃ, tathāpi vinayakammavasena vuttattā upalakkhaṇamattaṃ, na sabbasādhāraṇabahuvacanapariyāpannaṃ. Yadi hi ‘‘āyasmantā’’ti idaṃ dvivacanaṃ siyā, tappayogānipi kriyāpadāni dvivacanāneva siyuṃ, tathārūpānipi kriyāpadāni na santi. Na hi akkharasamayakovido jhānalābhīpi dibbacakkhunā vassasatampi vassasahassampi samavekkhanto buddhavacane ekampi kriyāpadaṃ dvivacananti passeyya, evaṃ kriyāpadesu dvivacanassābhāvā nāmikapadesu dvivacanaṃ natthi. Nāmikapadesu tadabhāvāpi kriyāpadesu tadabhāvo veditabbo. Sakkaṭabhāsāyaṃ dvīsupi dvivacanāni santi, māgadhabhāsāyaṃ pana natthi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica ‘‘puthuvacana’’nti niruttivohāropi ‘‘buddhavacane dvivacanaṃ natthī’’ti etamatthaṃ dīpeti. Tañhi sakkaṭabhāsāyaṃ vuttā dvivacanato bahuvacanato ca visuṃbhūtaṃ vacanaṃ, tattha vā vuttehi atthehi visuṃbhūtassa atthassa vacanaṃ ‘‘puthuvacana’’nti vuccati. Kathamidaṃ sakkaṭabhāsāyaṃ vuttā dvivacanato bahuvacanato ca visuṃbhūtaṃ vacananti ce? Yasmā sakkaṭabhāsāyaṃ ‘‘puthuvacana’’nti vohāro natthi, tasmā idaṃ tehi sakkaṭabhāsāyaṃ vuttehi dvivacanabahuvacanehi visuṃbhūtaatthassa vacananti vuccati. Kathañca pana sakkaṭabhāsāyaṃ vuttehi visuṃbhūtassa atthassa vacananti puthuvacananti ce? Yasmā sakkaṭabhāsāyaṃ dve upādāya dvivacanaṃ vuttaṃ, na ticatupañcādike <a name="M0.0125"></a> bahavo upādāya, bahavo pana upādāya bahuvacanaṃ vuttaṃ, na dve upādāya, ayaṃ sakkaṭabhāsāya viseso. Māgadhabhāsāyaṃ pana dviticatupañcādike bahavo upādāya puthuvacanaṃ vuttaṃ, tasmā sakkaṭabhāsāyaṃ vuttehi atthehi visuṃbhūtassa atthassa vacananti puthuvacananti vuccati. Ayaṃ māgadhabhāsāya viseso. Tasmātra puthubhūtassa, puthuno vā atthassa vacanaṃ ‘‘puthuvacana’’nti attho samadhigantabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni ‘‘puriso, purisā, purisa’’nti niruttipiṭakato uddharitanayaṃ nissāya pakatirūpabhūtassa <span class="bld">bhūta</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhūto, bhūtā. Bhūtaṃ, bhūte. Bhūtena, bhūtehi, bhūtebhi. Bhūtassa, bhūtānaṃ. Bhūtā, bhūtasmā, bhūtamhā, bhūtehi, bhūtebhi. Bhūtassa, bhūtānaṃ. Bhūte, bhūtasmiṃ, bhūtamhi, bhūtesu. Bho bhūta, bhavanto bhūtā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā ‘‘bho bhūtā’’iti bahuvacanaṃ viññeyyaṃ. Yathā panettha <span class="bld">bhūta</span>iccetassa pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālā purisanayena yojitā, evaṃ bhāvakādīnañca aññesañca taṃsadisānaṃ nāmikapadamālā <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena yojetabbā. Etthaññāni taṃsadisāni nāma ‘‘buddho’’tiādīnaṃ padānaṃ <span class="bld">buddha</span>iccādīni pakatirūpāni.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Buddho dhammo saṅgho maggo,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Khandho kāyo kāmo kappo;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Māso pakkho yakkho bhakkho,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nāgo megho bhogo yāgo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Rāgo doso moho māno,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Makkho thambho kodho lobho;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Hāso vero dāho tejo,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Chando kāso sāso rogo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Asso <a name="M0.0126"></a> sasso isso sisso,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sīho byaggho rukkho selo;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Indo sakko devo gāmo,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Cando sūro ogho dīpo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Passo yañño cāgo vādo,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Hattho patto soso gedho;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Somo yodho gaccho accho,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Geho māḷo aṭṭo sālo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Naro nago migo saso,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Suṇo bako ajo dijo;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Hayo gajo kharo saro,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dumo talo paṭo dhajo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Urago paṭago vihago bhujago,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Kharabho sarabho pasado gavajo;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Mahiso vasabho asuro garuḷo,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Taruṇo varuṇo baliso paligho.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sālo dhavo ca khadiro,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Godhumo saṭṭhiko yavo;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Kaḷāyo ca kulattho ca,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tilo muggo ca taṇḍulo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Khattiyo brāhmaṇo vesso,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Suddo dhutto ca pukkuso;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Caṇḍālo patiko paṭṭho,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Manusso rathiko ratho.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pabbajito <a name="M0.0127"></a> gahaṭṭho ca,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Goṇo oṭṭho ca gadrabho;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Mātugāmo ca orodho,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Iccādīni vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kecettha vadeyyuṃ ‘‘nanu bho ‘orodhā ca kumārā cā’ti pāṭhassa dassanato <span class="bld">orodha</span>saddo itthiliṅgo’’ti? Tanna, tattha hi ‘‘orodhā’’ti idaṃ okārantapulliṅgameva, <span class="bld">nā’</span>kārantitthiliṅgaṃ, tumhe pana <span class="bld">‘‘ā</span>kārantitthiliṅga’’nti maññamānā evaṃ vadatha, na panidaṃ <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantitthiliṅgaṃ, atha kho ‘‘mātugāmā’’tipadaṃ viya bahuvacanavasena vuttamākārantapadanti. Nanu ca bho <span class="bld">sammohavinodani</span>yādīsu <span class="bld">orodha</span>saddassa itthiliṅgatā pākaṭā, kathanti ce? ‘‘Rukkhe adhivatthā devatā therassa kuddhā paṭhamameva manaṃ palobhetvā ‘ito te sattadivasamatthake upaṭṭhāko rājā marissatī’ti supine ārocesi. Thero taṃ kathaṃ sutvā rājorodhānaṃ ācikkhi. Tā ekappahāreneva mahāviravaṃ viraviṃsū’’ti. Ettha hi ‘‘rājorodhāna’’nti vatvā ‘‘tā’’ti vuttattāva <span class="bld">orodha</span>saddassa itthiliṅgatā pākaṭāti? Tanna, atthassa duggahaṇato. Duggahito hi ettha tumhehi attho, ettha pana <span class="bld">orodha</span>saddena itthipadatthassa kathanato itthipadatthaṃ sandhāya ‘‘tā’’ti vuttattā ‘‘tā itthiyo’’ti ayamevattho. Tumhe pana amātāpitarasaṃvaddhattā ācariyakule ca anivuṭṭhattā etaṃ sukhumatthamajānantā yaṃ vā taṃ vā mukhārūḷhaṃ vadatha.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bhuñjanatthaṃ kathanatthaṃ, mukhaṃ hotīti no vade;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yaṃ vā taṃ vā mukhārūḷhaṃ, vacanaṃ paṇḍito naroti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Na mayaṃbho yaṃ vā taṃ vā mukhārūḷhaṃ vadāma, aṭṭhakathācariyānaññeva vacanaṃ gahetvā vadāma, aṭṭhakathāyeva amhākaṃ paṭisaraṇaṃ<a name="M0.0128"></a>, na mayaṃ tumhākaṃ saddahāmāti. Amhākaṃ saddahatha vā mā vā, mā tumhe ‘‘aṭṭhakathācariyānaññeva vacanaṃ gahetvā vadāmā’’ti aṭṭhakathācariye abbhācikkhatha. Na hi aṭṭhakathācariyehi <span class="bld">‘‘orodha</span>saddo itthiliṅgo’’ti vuttaṭṭhānamatthi, tasmāpi aṭṭhakathācariye abbhācikkhatha, na yuttaṃ buddhādīnaṃ garūnamabbhācikkhanaṃ mahato anatthassa lābhāya saṃvattanato. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘attanā duggahitena amhe ceva abbhācikkhati, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati, tato attānañca khaṇatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ abbhācikkhanassa ayuttataṃ sāvajjatañca dassetvā punapi te idaṃ vattabbā – <span class="bld">jātakaṭṭhakathāyampi</span> tumhehi āhaṭaudāharaṇasadisaṃ udāharaṇamatthi, taṃ suṇātha. Kosiyajātakaṭṭhakathāyañhi ‘‘satthā jetavane viharanto ekaṃ sāvatthiyaṃ mātugāmaṃ ārabbha kathesi. Sā kirekassa saddhassa pasannassa upāsakabrāhmaṇassa brāhmaṇī dussīlā pāpadhammā’’ti pāṭho dissati. Ettha hi ‘‘mātugāmaṃ ārabbha kathesī’’ti vatvā ‘‘sā’’ti vuttattā tumhākaṃ matena <span class="bld">mātugāma</span>saddo itthiliṅgoyeva siyā, na pulliṅgo, kimidaṃ aṭṭhakathāvacanampi na passatha, tadeva pana aṭṭhakathāvacanaṃ passatha, kiṃ sā eva aṭṭhakathā tumhākaṃ paṭisaraṇaṃ, na tadaññāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi <span class="bld">tā</span>saddaṃ apekkhitvā <span class="bld">orodha</span>saddassa itthiliṅgattamicchatha, etthāpi <span class="bld">sā</span>saddamapekkhitvā <span class="bld">mātugāma</span>saddassa itthiliṅgattamicchathāti. Evaṃ vuttā te niruttarā appaṭibhānā maṅkubhūtā pattakkhandhā adhomukhā pajjhāyeyyuṃ. Etthāpi <span class="bld">mātugāma</span>saddena itthipadatthassa kathanato itthipadatthaṃ sandhāya ‘‘sā’’ti vuttattā ‘‘sā itthī’’ti ayamevattho. Katthaci <a name="M0.0129"></a> hi padhānavācakena pulliṅgena napuṃsakaliṅgena vā samānādhikaraṇassa guṇasaddassa abhidheyyaliṅgānuvattittāpulliṅgavasena vā napuṃsakaliṅgavasena vā niddisitabbattepi liṅgamanapekkhitvā itthipadatthamevāpekkhitvā itthiliṅganiddeso dissati. Taṃ yathā? ‘‘Idha visākhe mātugāmo susaṃvihitakammantā hoti saṅgahitaparijanā bhattumanāpaṃ carati, sambhataṃ anurakkhatī’’ti ca, ‘‘ko nu kho bhante hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacco mātugāmo dubbaṇṇā ca hoti durūpā supāpikā dassanāya, daliddā ca hoti appassakā appabhogā appesakkhā ca. Idha mallike ekacco mātugāmo kodhanā hoti upāyāsabahulā, appampi vuttā samānā abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthiyati kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukarotī’’ti ca, ‘‘taṃ kho pana bhikkhave itthiratanaṃ rañño cakkavattissa pubbuṭṭhāyinī pacchānipātinī kiṃkārapaṭissāvinī’’ti ca ime payogā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Katthaci pana padhānavācakena napuṃsakaliṅgena samānādhikaraṇassa guṇasaddassa abhidheyyaliṅgānuvattittā napuṃsakaliṅgavasena niddisitabbattepi liṅgamanapekkhitvā purisapadatthamevāpekkhitvā pulliṅganiddeso dissati. Taṃ yathā? ‘‘Pañca paccekabuddhasatāni imasmiṃ isigilismiṃ pabbate ciranivāsino ahesuṃ. Taṃ kho pana rañño cakkavattissa pariṇāyakaratanaṃ ñātānaṃ pavesetā aññātānaṃ nivāretā’’ti. Katthaci padhānavācakena liṅgattayena samānādhikaraṇassa guṇasaddassa abhidheyyaliṅgānurūpaṃ niddeso dissati. Taṃ yathā? Sā itthī ‘‘sīlavatī kalyāṇadhammā. Aṭṭhahi kho nakulamāte dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo kāyassa bhedā parammaraṇā manāpakāyikānaṃ devānaṃ <a name="M0.0130"></a> sahabyataṃ upapajjati. Saddho purisapuggalo, saddhaṃ kulaṃ, cittaṃ dantaṃ sukhāvaha’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Seyya</span>iti saddo pana yebhuyyena okārantabhāve ṭhatvā liṅgattayānukūlo bhavati ekākāreneva tiṭṭhanato. Kathaṃ? Seyyo amitto matiyā upeto. Esāva pūjanā seyyo, ekāhaṃ jīvitaṃ seyyo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dhammena ca alābho yo,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Yo ca lābho adhammiko;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Alābho dhammiko seyyo,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yañce lābho adhammiko.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yaso ca appabuddhīnaṃ, viññūnaṃ ayaso ca yo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ayasova seyyo viññūnaṃ, na yaso appabuddhinaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dummedhehi pasaṃsā ca, viññūhi garahā ca yā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Garahāva seyyo viññūhi, yañce bālappasaṃsanā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sukhañca kāmamayikaṃ, dukkhañca pavivekikaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pavivekaṃ dukkhaṃ seyyo, yañce kāmamayaṃ sukhaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Jīvitañca adhammena, dhammena maraṇañca yaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Maraṇaṃ dhammikaṃ seyyo, yañce jīve adhammika’’nti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamayaṃ <span class="bld">seyya</span> iti saddo <span class="bld">o</span>kārantabhāve ṭhatvā liṅgattayānukūlo bhavati. Katthaci pana <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantabhāve ṭhatvā itthiliṅgānukūlo dissati ‘‘itthīpi hi ekacciyā, seyyā posa janādhipā’’ti. Niggahītanto pana hutvā napuṃsakaliṅgānukūlo apasiddho. Evaṃpakāre payoge kiṃ tumhe na passathāti. Evaṃ vuttā ca te niruttarāva bhavissanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sacepi <a name="M0.0131"></a> te ettha evaṃ vadeyyuṃ ‘‘tattha tattha suttappadese aṭṭhakathādīsu ca ‘mātugāmo’ti vā ‘mātugāmenā’ti vā <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapulliṅgabhāvena <span class="bld">mātugāma</span>saddassa dassanato pulliṅgabhūtaṃ <span class="bld">mātugāma</span>saddaṃ anapekkhitvā itthipadatthameva apekkhitvā ‘‘sā itthī’’ti <span class="bld">itthī</span>saddena <span class="bld">sā</span>saddassa sambandhaggahaṇaṃ mayaṃ sampaṭicchāma, ‘orodho’ti vā ‘orodhenā’ti vā <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapulliṅgabhāvena ṭhitassa <span class="bld">orodha</span>saddassa adassanato pana tumhehi vuttaṃ purimatthaṃ na sampaṭicchāmā’’ti. Tadā tesaṃ imāni <span class="bld">vinayapāḷiyaṃ</span> āgatapadāni dassetabbāni ‘‘tena kho pana samayena rājā udeno uyyāne paricāresi saddhiṃ orodhena, atha kho rañño udenassa orodho rājānaṃ udenaṃ etadavocā’’ti. Evaṃ imāni suttapadāni dassetvā <span class="bld">suttanipātaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> ‘‘rāmo nāma rājā kuṭṭharogī orodhehi ca nāṭakehi ca jigucchamāno’’ti vacanañca dassetvā ‘‘gacchatha tumhe garukulamupagantvā bhagavato saddhammassa ciraṭṭhitatthaṃ sādhukaṃ padabyañjanāni uggaṇhathā’’ti uyyojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">mātugāma</span>saddādīsu kiñci vinicchayaṃ vadāma – <span class="bld">mātugāma</span>saddo ca <span class="bld">orodha</span>saddo ca <span class="bld">dāra</span>saddo cāti ime itthipadatthavācakāpi samānā ekantena pulliṅgā bhavanti. Tesu <span class="bld">dāra</span>saddassa ekasmiṃ atthe vattamānassāpi bahuvacanakattameva saddasatthavidū icchanti, na ekavacanakattaṃ. Mayaṃ pana <span class="bld">dāra</span>saddassa ekasmiṃ atthe ekavacanakattaṃ, yebhuyyena pana bahuvacanakattaṃ anujānāma, bavhatthe vattabbameva natthi. Pāḷiyañhi <span class="bld">dāra</span>saddo yebhuyyena bahuvacanako bhavati, ekavacanako appo. Tatrime payogā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dāsā <a name="M0.0132"></a> ca dāsyo anujīvino ca,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Puttā ca dārā ca mayañca sabbe;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Dhammañcarāmapparalokahetu,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā hi amhaṃ daharā na miyyare’’ti ca,</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yo ñātīnaṃ sakhīnaṃ vā, dāresu paṭidissati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sahasā sampiyāyena, taṃ jaññāvasalo itī’’ti ca,</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sehi dārehi’santuṭṭho, vesiyāsu padissati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dissati paradāresu, taṃ parābhavato mukha’’nti ca,</p>
<p class="unindented">‘‘Puttesu dāresu ca yā apekkhā’’ti ca byāse, samāse pana ‘‘puttadārā disā pacchā, puttadārehi mattano’’ti ca evamādayo bahuvacanappayogā bahavo bhavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekavacanappayogā pana appā. Seyyathidaṃ? ‘‘Garūnaṃ dāre, dhammaṃ care yopi samuñjakaṃ care, dārañca posaṃ dadamappakasmi’’nti ca,</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ye gahaṭṭhā puññakarā, sīlavanto upāsakā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dhammena dāraṃ posenti, te namassāmi mātalī’’ti ca,</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Paradāraṃ na gaccheyyaṃ, sadārapasuto siya’’nti ca,</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yo icche puriso hotuṃ, jātiṃ jātiṃ punappunaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paradāraṃ vivajjeyya, dhotapādova kaddama’’nti ca</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādayo ekavacanappayogā appā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Samāhāralakkhaṇavasena panesa <span class="bld">dāra</span>saddo napuṃsakaliṅgekavacanopi katthaci bhavati. ‘‘Ādāya puttadāraṃ. Puttadārassa saṅgaho’’iti evaṃ idha vuttappakārena liṅgañca atthañca sallakkhetvā ‘‘puriso purisā’’ti pavattaṃ purisasaddanayaṃ nissāya <a name="M0.0133"></a> sabbesaṃ ‘‘bhūto bhāvako bhavo’’tiādīnaṃ <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayānaṃ aññesa<span class="bld">ñco</span>kārantapadānaṃ nāmikapadamālāsu saddhāsampannehi kulaputtehi saddhammaṭṭhitiyā kosallamuppādetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiṃ pana sabbāni <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapadāni <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye sabbappakārena ekasadisāneva hutvā paviṭṭhānīti? Na paviṭṭhāni. Kānici hi <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapadāni <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye sabbathā paviṭṭhāni ca honti, ekadesena paviṭṭhāni ca, kānici <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapadāni <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye ekadesena paviṭṭhāni ca honti, ekadesena na paviṭṭhāni ca, kānici <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapadāni <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye sabbathā appaviṭṭhāneva. Tatra katamāni kānici <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapadāni <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye sabbathā paviṭṭhāni ca honti, ekadesena paviṭṭhāni ca? ‘‘Saro vayo ceto’’tiādīni. <span class="bld">Saro</span>iti hi ayaṃsaddo ususaddasaravanaakārādisaravācako ce, <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye sabbathā paviṭṭho. Rahadavācako ce, <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇapakkhikattā <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye ekadesena paviṭṭho. <span class="bld">Vayo</span>iti saddo parihānivācako ce, <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye sabbathā paviṭṭho. Āyukoṭṭhāsavācako ce, <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇapakkhikattā <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye ekadesena paviṭṭho. <span class="bld">Ceto</span> iti saddo yadi paṇṇattivācako, <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye sabbathā paviṭṭho. Yadi pana cittavācako, <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇapakkhikattā <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye ekadesena paviṭṭho. <span class="bld">Mano</span>gaṇo ca nāma –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Mano vaco vayo tejo,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Tapo ceto tamo yaso;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Ayo payo siro chando,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saro uro raho aho –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ime soḷasa.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni yathāvuttassa pākaṭīkaraṇatthaṃ <span class="bld">mana</span>saddādīnaṃ nāmikapadamālaṃ kathayāma –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mano<a name="M0.0134"></a>, manā. Manaṃ, mano, mane. Manasā, manena, manehi, manebhi. Manaso, manassa, manānaṃ. Manā, manasmā, manamhā, manehi, manebhi. Manaso, manassa, manānaṃ. Manasi, mane, manasmiṃ, manamhi, manesu. Bho mana, bhavanto manā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā ‘‘bho manā’’iti bahuvacanampi ñeyyaṃ. Evaṃ vaco, vacā. Vacaṃ, vaco, vace. Vacasātiādinā nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā. <span class="bld">Aha</span>saddassa pana bhummekavacanaṭṭhāne ahasi, ahe, ahasmiṃ, ahamhi, ahu, ahanīti yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni rūpantaravisesadassanatthaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgassa <span class="bld">mana</span>saddassapi nāmikapadamālaṃ vadāma, aṭṭhāne ayaṃ kathitāti na codetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Manaṃ, manāni, manā. Manaṃ, manāni, mane. Manena, manehi, manebhi. Manassa, manaso, manānaṃ. Manā, manasmā, manamhā, manehi, manebhi. Manassa, manaso, manānaṃ. Mane, manasmiṃ, manamhi, manesu. Bho mana, bhavanto manā. Atha vā ‘‘bho manāni, bho manā’’evampi bahuvacanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Evamuttaratrāpi nayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca pulliṅgassa <span class="bld">mana</span>saddassa paccattakaraṇasampadānasāmibhummavacanāni mano manasā manaso manasīti rūpāni ṭhapetvā yāni sesāni, napuṃsakaliṅgassa ca <span class="bld">mana</span>saddassa paccattavacanāni ‘‘manaṃ manānī’’ti rūpāni ca, aṭṭhamyopayogavacanānaṃ ‘‘manaṃ manānī’’ti rūpadvayañca ṭhapetvā yāni sesāni, tāni sabbāni kamato samasamāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci <span class="bld">o</span>kāranto <span class="bld">mano</span>iti saddo napuṃsakaliṅgoti vadanti, te vattabbā – yadi so napuṃsakaliṅgo siyā, tassadisehi <span class="bld">vaco vayo</span>tiādisaddehipi napuṃsakaliṅgeheva bhavitabbaṃ, na ‘‘te napuṃsakaliṅgā’’ti garū vadanti, ‘‘pulliṅgā’’icceva vadanti. Yasmā ca <span class="bld">pāḷiyaṃ</span> ‘‘kāyo anicco; mano <a name="M0.0135"></a> anicco’’ti ca ‘‘kāyo dukkho, mano dukkho’’ti ca ‘‘nicco vā anicco vāti anicco bhante’’ti ca evamādayo pulliṅgappayogā bahavo diṭṭhā. Tena ñāyati <span class="bld">mano</span>saddo ekantena pulliṅgoti. Yadi pana napuṃsakaliṅgosiyā, ‘‘anicco dukkho’’ti evamādīni taṃsamānādhikaraṇāni anekapadasatānipi napuṃsakaliṅgāneva siyuṃ. Na hi tāni napuṃsakaliṅgāni, atha kho abhidheyyaliṅgānuvattakāni vāccaliṅgāni. Evaṃ <span class="bld">mano</span>saddassa pulliṅgatā paccetabbāti, sace <span class="bld">mano</span>saddo napuṃsakaliṅgo na hoti, kathaṃ ‘‘manānī’’ti napuṃsakarūpaṃ dissatīti? Saccaṃ ‘‘manānī’’ti napuṃsakaliṅgameva, tathāpi <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇe pamukhabhāvena gahita<span class="bld">sso</span>kārantassa <span class="bld">mana</span>saddassa rūpaṃ na hoti. Atha kiñcarahīti ce? <span class="bld">Citta</span>saddena samānaliṅgassa samānasutittepi <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇe apariyāpannassa niggahītantasseva <span class="bld">mana</span>saddassa rūpaṃ. <span class="bld">Mana</span>saddo hi punnapuṃsakavasena dvidhā bhijjati ‘‘mano manaṃ’’iti yathā ‘‘ajjavoajjava’’nti. ‘‘Mano ce nappadussati. Santaṃ tassa manaṃ hotī’’ti hi pāḷi. Yadi ca so <span class="bld">mano</span>saddo napuṃsakaliṅgo na hoti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Garu cetiyapabbatavattaniyā,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Pamadā pamadā pamadā vimadaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Samaṇaṃ sunisamma akā hasitaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Patitaṃ asubhesu munissa mano’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented"><span class="bld">Ettha mano</span>saddena samānādhikaraṇo ‘‘patita’’nti saddo napuṃsakaliṅgabhāvena kasmā sannihito. Yasmā ca samānādhikaraṇapadaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgabhāvena sannihitaṃ, tasmā saddantarasannidhānavasena <span class="bld">mano</span>saddo napuṃsakaliṅgoti ñāyatīti? Tanna, samānādhikaraṇapadassa sabbattha liṅgavisesājotanato. Yadi hi samānādhikaraṇapadaṃ sabbattha liṅgavisesaṃ joteyya, ‘‘cattāro indriyānī’’ti etthāpi ‘‘cattāro’’ti <a name="M0.0136"></a> padaṃ <span class="bld">indriya</span>saddassa pulliṅgattaṃ kareyya, na ca kātuṃ sakkoti. <span class="bld">Indriya</span>saddo hi ekantena napuṃsakaliṅgo. Yadi tumhe ‘‘patita’’nti samānādhikaraṇapadaṃ nissāya <span class="bld">mano</span>saddassa napuṃsakaliṅgattamicchatha, ‘‘cattāro indriyānī’’ti etthapi ‘‘cattāro’’ti samānādhikaraṇapadaṃ nissāya <span class="bld">indriya</span>saddassa pulliṅgattaṃ icchathāti. Na mayaṃ bho <span class="bld">indriya</span>saddassa pulliṅgattaṃ icchāma, atha kho napuṃsakaliṅgattaṃyeva icchāma, ‘‘cattāro’’ti padaṃ liṅgavipallāsavasena ṭhitattā ‘‘cattārī’’ti gaṇhāma, tasmā ‘‘cattāri indriyānī’’ti atthaṃ dhāremāti. Yadi evaṃ ‘‘patitaṃ asubhesu munissa mano’’ti etthāpi ‘‘patita’’nti padaṃ liṅgavipallāsavasena ṭhitanti mantvā ‘‘patito’’ti atthaṃ dhārethāti. Na dhārema ettha liṅgavipallāsassa anicchitabbato. Yadi hi <span class="bld">mano</span>saddo pulliṅgo siyā, taṃsamānādhikaraṇapadaṃ ‘‘patito’’ti vattabbaṃ siyā. Kimācariyo evaṃ vattuṃ na jāni, jānamāno eva so ‘‘patito’’ti nāvoca, ‘‘patita’’nti panāvoca, tena ñāyati <span class="bld">‘‘mano</span>saddo napuṃsakaliṅgo’’ti. Mā tumhe evaṃ vadetha, samānādhikaraṇapadaṃ nāma katthaci padhānaliṅgamanuvattati, katthaci nānuvattati, tasmā na taṃ liṅgavisesajotane ekantato pamāṇaṃ. ‘‘Mātugāmo, orodho, āvuso visākha, ehi visākhe, cittāni aṭṭhīnī’’ti evamādirūpavisesoyeva pamāṇaṃ. Yadi samānādhikaraṇapadeyeva liṅgaviseso adhigantabbo siyā, ‘‘cattāro ca mahābhūtā’’tiādīsu liṅgavavatthānaṃ na siyā. Yasmā evamādīsupi ṭhānesu liṅgavavatthānaṃ hotiyeva. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Cattāro’’ti pulliṅgaṃ ‘‘mahābhūtā’’ti napuṃsakanti, tasmā ‘‘patitaṃ asubhesu munissa mano’’ti etthāpi ‘‘patita’’nti napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ ‘‘mano’’ti pulliṅganti vavatthānaṃ bhavatīti. Idaṃ sutvā te tuṇhī bhavissanti. Tato <a name="M0.0137"></a> tesaṃ tuṇhībhūtānaṃ idaṃ vattabbaṃ – yasmā <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇe pavattānaṃ padānaṃ samānādhikaraṇapadāni katthaci napuṃsakavasena yojetabbāni, tasmā <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇe pamukhassa <span class="bld">mano</span>saddassapi samānādhikaraṇapadāni katthaci napuṃsakavasena yojitāni. Tathā hi pubbācariyā ‘‘saddhammatejavihataṃ vilayaṃ khaṇena, veneyyasattahadayesu tamo’payāti. Dukkhaṃ vaco etasminti dubbaco. Avanataṃ siro yassa soyaṃ avaṃsiro, appakaṃ rāgādi rajo yesaṃ paññāmaye akkhimhi te apparajakkhā’’tiādinā saddaracanaṃ kubbiṃsu, na pana tehi <span class="bld">vaco siro rajo</span>saddādīnaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgattaṃ vibhāvetuṃ īdisī saddaracanā katā, atha kho <span class="bld">siromano</span>saddānaṃ <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇe pavattānaṃ pulliṅgasaddānaṃ katthacipi īdisānipi liṅgavipallāsavasena ṭhitāni samānādhikaraṇapadāni hontīti paresaṃ jānāpanādhippāyavatiyā anukampāya viracitā. Etthāpi tumhākaṃ matena <span class="bld">mano</span>saddassa napuṃsakaliṅgatte sati <span class="bld">vaco siro</span> iccādayopi napuṃsakaliṅgattamāpajjanti napuṃsakaliṅgavasena samānādhikaraṇapadānaṃ niddiṭṭhattā. Kiṃ panetesampi napuṃsakaliṅgattaṃ icchathāti. Addhā te idampi sutvā nibbeṭhetumasakkontā tuṇhī bhavissanti. Kiñcāpi te aññaṃ gahetabbakāraṇaṃ apassantā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ ‘‘yadi bho <span class="bld">mano</span> saddo napuṃsakaliṅgona hoti, kasmā veyyākaraṇā <span class="bld">‘mano</span>saddo napuṃsakaliṅgo’ti vadantī’’ti? Te vattabbā – yadi tumhe veyyākaraṇamataṃ gahetvā <span class="bld">mano</span>saddassa napuṃsakaliṅgattaṃ rocetha, nanu bhagavāyeva loke asadiso mahāveyyākaraṇo mahāpuriso visārado parappavādamaddano. Bhagavantañhi padakā veyyākaraṇā ambaṭṭhamāṇavapokkharasātisoṇadaṇḍādayo ca brāhmaṇā saccakanigaṇṭhādayo ca paribbājakā <a name="M0.0138"></a> vādena na sampāpuṇiṃsu, aññadatthu bhagavāyeva mattavāraṇagaṇamajjhe kesarasīho viya asambhīto nesaṃ nesaṃ vādaṃ maddesi, mahante ca ne atthe patiṭṭhāpesi, evaṃvidhena bhagavatā vohārakusalena yasmā ‘‘kāyo anicco’’ti ca ‘‘kāyo dukkho, mano anicco, mano dukkho’’ti ca evamādinā vuttā <span class="bld">mano</span>saddassa pulliṅgabhāvasūcanikā bahū pāḷiyo dissanti, tasmā <span class="bld">mano</span>saddo pulliṅgoyevāti sārato paccetabboti. Evaṃ vuttā te niruttarā appaṭibhānā maṅkubhūtā pattakkhandhā adhomukhā pajjhāyissanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">sara</span>saddādīnaṃ nāmikapadamālā visesato vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Saro, sarā. Saraṃ, sare. Sarena, sarehi, sarebhi. Sarassa, sarānaṃ. Sarā, sarasmā, saramhā, sarehi, sarebhi. Sarassa, sarānaṃ. Sare, sarasmiṃ, saramhi, saresu. Bho sara, bhavanto sarā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye sabbathā paviṭṭhassa <span class="bld">usu</span>saddasaravanaakārādisaravācakassa <span class="bld">sara</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye ekadesena paviṭṭhassa <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇapakkhikassa rahadavācakassa <span class="bld">sara</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Saro, sarā. Saraṃ, saro, sare. Sarasā, sarena, sarehi, sarebhi. Saraso, sarassa, sarānaṃ. Sarā, sarasmā, saramhā, sarehi, sarebhi. Saraso, sarassa, sarānaṃ. Sarasi, sare, sarasmiṃ, saramhi, saresu. Bho sara, bhavanto sarā, bho sarā iti vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vayo, vayā. Vayaṃ, vaye. Vayena, vayehi, vayebhīti <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena ñe yyo. Ayaṃ <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye sabbathā paviṭṭhassa parihānivācakassa <span class="bld">vaya</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ <a name="M0.0139"></a> pana <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye ekadesena paviṭṭhassa <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇapakkhikassa āyukoṭṭhāsavācakassa <span class="bld">vaya</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā – vayo, vayā. Vayaṃ, vayo, vaye. Vayasā, vayena, vayehi, vayebhīti <span class="bld">mana</span>nayena ñeyyo. Tassa ceto paṭissosi, araññe luddagocaro. Cetā haniṃsu vedabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ceto, cetā. Cetaṃ, cete. Cetena, cetehi, cetebhīti <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena ñeyyo. Ayaṃ <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye sabbathā paviṭṭhassa paṇṇattivācakassa <span class="bld">ceta</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye ekadesena paviṭṭhassa cittavācakassa <span class="bld">ceta</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā – ceto, cetā. Cetaṃ, ceto, cete. Cetasā, cetena, cetehi, cetebhīti <span class="bld">mana</span>nayena ñeyyo. Yaso kulaputto, yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ, yasena kulaputtenāti ekavacanavasena <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena yojetabbā, ekavacanaputhuvacanavasena vā. Evaṃ kānici okārantapadāni <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye sabbathā paviṭṭhāni ca honti, ekadesena paviṭṭhāni cāti iminā nayena sabbapadāni paññācakkhunā upaparikkhitvā viseso veditabbo. Avisesaññuno hi evamādivibhāgaṃ ajānantā yaṃ vā taṃ vā byañjanaṃ ropentā yathādhippetaṃ atthaṃ virādhenti, tasmā yo ettha amhehi pakāsito vibhāgo, so saddhāsampannehi kulaputtehi sakkaccamuggahetabbo. Katamāni kānici okārantapadāni <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye ekadesena paviṭṭhāni ca ekadesena na paviṭṭhāni ca? <span class="bld">Mano vaco tejo</span>saddādayo ceva <span class="bld">ayya</span>saddo ca, tatra <span class="bld">mana</span>saddādīnaṃ nāmikapadamālā heṭṭhā vibhāvitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ayya</span>saddassa <a name="M0.0140"></a> pana nāmikapadamālāyaṃ ‘‘ayyo, ayyā. Ayyaṃ, ayye’’ti <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena vatvā ālapanaṭṭhāne ‘‘bho ayya, bho ayyo’’ti dve ekavacanāni, ‘‘bhavanto ayyā, bhavanto ayyo’’ti dve bahuvacanāni ca vattabbāni. Ettha <span class="bld">ayyo</span> iti saddo paccattavacanabhāve ekavacanaṃ, ālapanavacanabhāve ekavacanañceva bahuvacanañca. Tatrime payogā ‘‘ayyo kira sāgato ambatitthikena nāgena saṅgāmesi, pivatu bhante ayyo sāgato kāpotikaṃ pasanna’’nti evamādīni <span class="bld">ayyo</span>saddassa paccattekavacanappayogāni, ‘‘atha kho sā itthī taṃ purisaṃ etadavoca ‘nāyyo so bhikkhu maṃ nippāṭesi, apica ahameva tena bhikkhunā gacchāmi, akārako so bhikkhu, gaccha khamāpehī’ti’’ evamādīni <span class="bld">ayyo</span>saddassa ālapanekavacanappayogāni, ‘‘etha’yyo rājavasatiṃ, nisīditvā suṇātha me. Etha mayaṃ ayyo samaṇesu sakyaputtiyesu pabbajissāmā’’ti evamādīni <span class="bld">ayyo</span>saddassa ālapanabahuvacanappayogāni. Bhavati catra –</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Ayyo</span> iti ayaṃ saddo, paccattekavaco bhave;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ālapane bahuvaco, bhave ekavacopi ca –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ kānici <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapadāni <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye ekadesena paviṭṭhāni ca honti ekadesena na paviṭṭhāni ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Katamāni kānici <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapadāni <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye sabbathā appaviṭṭhāni? <span class="bld">Go</span>saddoyeva. <span class="bld">Go</span>saddassa hi ayaṃ nāmikapadamālā –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Go, gāvo, gavo. Gāvuṃ, gāvaṃ, gavaṃ, gāvo, gavo. Gāvena, gavena, gohi, gobhi. Gāvassa, gavassa, gavaṃ, gunnaṃ, gonaṃ. Gāvā, gāvasmā, gāvamhā, gavā, gavasmā, gavamhā, gohi, gobhi. Gāvassa, gavassa, gavaṃ, gunnaṃ, gonaṃ. Gāve, gāvasmiṃ, gāvamhi, gave, gavasmiṃ<a name="M0.0141"></a>, gavamhi, gāvesu, gavesu, gosu. Bho go, bhavanto gāvo, gavo. Ayaṃ <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye sabbathā appaviṭṭhassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca bho <span class="bld">go</span>saddo attanā sambhūta<span class="bld">goṇa</span>saddamālāvasena <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye ekadesena paviṭṭho ceva ekadesena na paviṭṭho cāti? Saccaṃ. <span class="bld">Goṇa</span>saddo <span class="bld">go</span>saddavasena sambhūtopi ‘‘vatticchānupubbikā saddapaṭipattī’’ti vacanato <span class="bld">go</span>saddato visuṃ amhehi gahetvā <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye pakkhitto. Tassa hi visuṃ gahaṇe yutti dissati syādīsu ekākāreneva tiṭṭhanato, tasmā <span class="bld">go</span>saddato sambhūtampi <span class="bld">goṇa</span>saddaṃ anapekkhitvā suddhaṃ <span class="bld">go</span>saddameva gahetvā <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye sabbathā <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa appaviṭṭhatā vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca bho paccattavacanabhūto <span class="bld">go</span>iti saddo <span class="bld">puriso</span>ti saddena sadisattā <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye ekadesena paviṭṭhoti? Tanna, <span class="bld">go</span>saddo hi nicca<span class="bld">mo</span>kāranto, na <span class="bld">purisa</span>saddādayo viya paṭhamaṃ <span class="bld">a</span>kārantabhāve ṭhatvā pacchā paṭila<span class="bld">ddho</span>kārantaṭṭho. Teneva hi paccattavacanaṭṭhānepi ālapanavacanaṭṭhānepi <span class="bld">go</span>icceva tiṭṭhati. Yadi paccattavacanattaṃ paṭicca <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye ekadesena paviṭṭhatā icchitabbā, ‘‘kānici <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapadānī’’ti evaṃ vuttā <span class="bld">o</span>kārantakathā kamatthaṃ dīpeyya, nipphalāva sā kathā siyā, tasmā amhehi yathāvutto nayoyeva āyasmantehi manasi kātabbo. Evaṃ <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye sabbathā appaviṭṭhatā daṭṭhabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kecettha evaṃ puccheyyuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘go</span>saddassa tāva ‘go, gāvo, gavo. Gāvuṃ, gāvaṃ, gavaṃ’ iccādinā nayena <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye sabbathā appaviṭṭhatā amhehi ñātā, <span class="bld">jaraggava puṅgavā</span>disaddā pana kutra naye <a name="M0.0142"></a> paviṭṭhā’’ti? Tesaṃ evaṃ byākātabbaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘jaraggava puṅgavā</span>disaddā sabbathāpi <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye paviṭṭhā’’ti. Tathā hi tesaṃ <span class="bld">go</span>saddato ayaṃ viseso, jaranto ca so go cāti jaraggavo. Ettha <span class="bld">na</span>kāralopo <span class="bld">ta</span>kārassa ca <span class="bld">ga</span>kārattaṃ bhavati samāsapadattā, samāse ca <span class="bld">si</span>mhi pare <span class="bld">go</span>sadda<span class="bld">sso</span>kārassa <span class="bld">avā</span>deso labbhati, tasmā pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘visāṇena jaraggavo’’ti ekavacanarūpaṃ dissati. Tathā hi aññattha anupapadattā <span class="bld">gavo</span>iti bahuvacanapadaṃyeva dissati. Idha pana sopapadattā samāsapadabhāvamāgamma ‘‘jaraggavo’’ti ekavacanapadaṃyeva dissati. Tathā hi jaraggavoti ettha jarantā ca te gavo cāti evaṃ bahuvacanavasena nibbacanīyatā na labbhati lokasaṅketavasena ekasmiṃ atthe nirūḷhattāti. ‘‘Jaraggavo, jaraggavā. Jaraggavaṃ, jaraggave. Jaraggavenā’’ti <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā. Esa nayo <span class="bld">puṅgavo sakyapuṅgavo</span>tiādīsupi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra <span class="bld">puṅgavo</span>ti gunnaṃ yūthapati nisabhasaṅkhāto usabho. Yo pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘muhuttajātova yathā gavaṃpati, samehi pādehi phusī vasundhara’’nti ca ‘‘gavañce taramānānaṃ, ujuṃ gacchati puṅgavo’’ti ca āgato. Īdisesu pana ṭhānesu keci ‘‘pumā ca so go cāti puṅgavo’’ti vacanatthaṃ bhaṇanti. Mayaṃ pana padhāne nirūḷho ayaṃ saddoti vacanatthaṃ na bhaṇāma. Na hi <span class="bld">puṅkokilo</span>tiādisaddānaṃ kokilādīnaṃ pumbhāvappakāsanamatte samatthatā viya imassa pumbhāvappakāsanamatte samatthatā sambhavati, atha kho padhānabhāvappakāsane ca samatthatā sambhavati. Tena ‘‘sakyapuṅgavo’’tiādīsu nisabhasaṅkhāto puṅgavo viyāti puṅgavo, sakyānaṃ, sakyesu <a name="M0.0143"></a> vā puṅgavo sakyapuṅgavotiādinā samāsapadattho gahetabbo. Atha vā uttarapadatte ṭhitānaṃ <span class="bld">sīhabyagghanāgā</span>disaddānaṃ seṭṭhavācakattā ‘‘sakyapuṅgavo’’tiādīnaṃ ‘‘sakyaseṭṭho’’tiādinā attho gahetabbo. Iti sabbathāpi <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye pavattanato <span class="bld">jaraggava puṅgavā</span>disaddānaṃ <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa padamālato visadisapadamālatā vavatthapetabbā. <span class="bld">Go</span>saddassa pana <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye sabbathā appaviṭṭhatā ca vavatthapetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Āpa</span>sadde ācariyānaṃ liṅgavacanavasena matibhedo vijjati, tasmā taṃmatena tassa <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye sabbathā appaviṭṭhatā bhavati. ‘‘Aṅguttarāpesū’’ti <span class="bld">pāḷiyā aṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> ‘‘mahiyā pana nadiyā uttarena āpo’’ti vuttaṃ, <span class="bld">ṭīkāyaṃ</span> pana taṃ ulliṅgitvā ‘‘mahiyā nadiyā āpo tassa janapadassa uttarena honti, tāsaṃ avidūrattā so janapado uttarāpo’’ti vuttaṃ. Evaṃ <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddassa ekantena itthiliṅgatā bahuvacanatā ca ācariyehi icchitā, tesaṃ mate <span class="bld">āpo</span>iti itthiliṅge paṭhamābahuvacanarūpe honte dutiyātatiyāpañcamīsattamīnaṃ bahuvacanarūpāni kīdisāni siyuṃ. Tathā hi ‘‘purise, purisehi purisebhi purisesū’’ti rūpavato pulliṅgassa viya <span class="bld">o</span>kārantitthiliṅgassa ekāra<span class="bld">ehi</span> kārādiyuttāni rūpāni katthacipi na dissanti. Ato tesaṃ mate padamālānayo atīva dukkaro.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Āpa</span>saddassa garavo, saddasatthanayaṃ pati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bahuvacanatañcitthi-liṅgabhāvañca abravuṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Iccāpa</span>saddassa <a name="M0.0144"></a> itthiliṅgabahuvacanantatā veyyākaraṇānaṃ mataṃ nissāya anumatāti veditabbā. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhasāliniyaṃ</span> pana <span class="bld">āpo</span> iti saddassa napuṃsakaliṅgekavacanavasena vutto payogo diṭṭho ‘‘omattaṃ pana āpo adhimattapathavīgatikaṃ jāta’’nti. <span class="bld">Jātakapāḷiyaṃ</span> tu tassekavacanantatā diṭṭhā. Tathā hi ‘‘suciṃ sugandhaṃ salilaṃ, āpo tatthābhisandatī’’ti. Imasmiṃ padese <span class="bld">āpo</span> iti saddo ekavacanaṭṭhāne ṭhito diṭṭho. Kecettha vadeyyuṃ ‘‘āpoti saṅkhaṃ gataṃ salilaṃ suci sugandhaṃ hutvā tattha abhisandatīti <span class="bld">salilaṃ</span>saddavasena ekavacanappayogo kato, na nāmasaddavasena. Āpasaddo hi ekantenitthiliṅgo ceva bahuvacananto ca. Tathā hi ‘āpo tatthābhisandantī’ti bahuvacanavasena tappayogo vattabbopi chandānurakkhaṇatthaṃ vacanavipallāsavasena niddiṭṭho’’ti. Tanna, ‘‘āpo tatthābhisandare’’ti vattuṃ sakkuṇeyyattā ‘‘tāni ajja padissare’’ti bahuvacanappayogā viya. Yasmā evaṃ na vuttaṃ, yasmā ca pana pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘āpo labbhati, tejo labbhati, vāyo labbhatī’’ti ekavacanappayogo dissati, tasmā ‘‘āpo’’ti saddassa ekavacanantatā paccakkhato diṭṭhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Athāpi ce vadeyyuṃ – nanu pāḷiyaṃyeva tassa bahuvacanantatā paccakkhato diṭṭhā ‘‘āpo ca devā pathavī ca, tejo vāyo tadāgamu’’nti? Tampi na. Ettha hi ‘‘devā’’ti saddaṃ apekkhitvā ‘‘āgamu’’nti bahuvacanappayogo kato, na ‘‘āpo’’ti saddaṃ. Yadi ‘‘āpo’’ti saddaṃ sandhāya bahuvacanappayogo kato siyā, ‘‘pathavī’’ti ‘‘tejo’’ti ‘‘vāyo’’ti ca saddampi sandhāya bahuvacanappayogo kato siyā<a name="M0.0145"></a>. Evaṃ sante <span class="bld">pathavī tejo vāyo</span>saddāpi bahuvacanakabhāvamāpajjeyyuṃ, na pana āpajjanti. Na hete bahuvacanakā, atha kho ekavacanakā eva. Rūḷhīvasena te pavattā pakatiāpādīsu atthesu appavattanato. Tathā hi āpokasiṇādīsu parikammaṃ katvā nibbattā devā ārammaṇavasena ‘‘āpo’’tiādināmaṃ labhantīti. Evaṃ vuttāpi te evaṃ vadeyyuṃ ‘‘nanu ca bho ‘aṅguttarāpesū’ti bahuvacanapāḷi dissatī’’ti? Te vattabbā – asampathamavatiṇṇā tumhe, na hi tumhe saddappavattiṃ jānātha, ‘‘aṅguttarāpesū’’ti bahuvacanaṃ pana ‘‘kurūsu aṅgesu aṅgānaṃ magadhāna’’ntiādīni bahuvacanāni viya rūḷhīvasena ekassāpi janapadassa vuttaṃ, na āpasaṅkhātaṃ atthaṃ sandhāya. ‘‘Aṅguttarāpesū’’ti ettha hi āpasaṅkhāto attho upasajjanībhūto, pulliṅgabahuvacanena pana vutto janapadasaṅkhāto atthoyeva padhāno ‘‘āgatasamaṇo saṅghārāmo’’ti ettha samaṇasaṅkhātaṃ atthaṃ upasajjanakaṃ katvā pavattassa <span class="bld">āgatasamaṇa</span>saddassa saṅghārāmasaṅkhāto attho viya, tasmā āpasaṅkhātaṃ atthaṃ gahetvā yo aṅguttarāpo nāma janapado, tasmiṃ aṅguttarāpesu janapadeti attho veditabbo. Tathā hi ‘‘aṅguttarāpesu viharati āpaṇaṃ nāma aṅgānaṃ nigamo’’ti pāḷi dissati. Tattha uttarena mahāmahiyā nadiyā āpo yesaṃ te uttarāpā, aṅgā ca te uttarāpā cāti aṅguttarāpā, tesu aṅguttarāpesu. Evaṃ ekasmiṃ janapadeyeva bahuvacanaṃ na āpasaṅkhāte atthe, tena <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘tasmiṃ aṅguttarāpesu janapade’’ti. Evaṃ vuttā te niruttarā bhavissanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathāpi ye evaṃ vadanti <span class="bld">‘‘āpa</span>saddo itthiliṅgo ceva bahuvacanakocā’’ti. Te pucchitabbā ‘‘kiṃ paṭicca tumhe āyasmanto <span class="bld">‘āpa</span>saddo itthiliṅgo ceva bahuvacanako cā’ti vadathā’’ti<a name="M0.0146"></a>? Te evaṃ puṭṭhā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘‘aṅgāyeva so janapado, mahiyā pana nadiyā uttarena āpo, tāsaṃ avidūrattā uttarāpoti vuccatī’’ti ca ‘‘mahiyā pana nadiyā āpo tassa janapadassa uttarena honti, tāsaṃ avidūrattā so janapado uttarāpoti vuccatī’’ti ca evaṃ pubbācariyehi abhisaṅkhato saddaracanāviseso dissati, tasmā itthiliṅgo ceva bahuvacanako cā’’ti vadāmāti. Saccaṃ dissati, so pana saddasatthe veyyākaraṇānaṃ mataṃ gahetvā abhisaṅkhato, saddasatthañca nāma na sabbathā buddhavacanassopakārakaṃ, ekadesena pana hoti, tasmā kaccāyanappakaraṇe icchitānicchitasaṅgahavivajjanaṃ kātuṃ ‘‘jinavacanayuttañhi, liṅgañca nippajjate’’ti lakkhaṇāni vuttāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi ca <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddo itthiliṅgabahuvacanako, kathaṃ <span class="bld">āpo</span>ti padaṃ sijjhatīti? <span class="bld">Āpa</span>saddato paṭhamā<span class="bld">yo</span>vacanaṃ katvā <span class="bld">tasso</span>kārādesañca katvā <span class="bld">āpo</span>ti padaṃ sijjhati ‘‘gāvo’’ti padamivāti. Visamamidaṃ nidassanaṃ, ‘‘gāvo’’ti padañhi ni<span class="bld">cco</span>kārantena <span class="bld">go</span>saddena sambhūtaṃ. Tathā hi <span class="bld">yo</span>mhi pare <span class="bld">go</span>saddanta<span class="bld">ssāvā</span>desaṃ katvā tato <span class="bld">yo</span>na<span class="bld">mo</span>kārādesaṃ katvā ‘‘gāvo’’ti nipphajjati, <span class="bld">āpa</span>sadde pana dve ādesā na santi. Buddhavacanañhi patvā <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddo <span class="bld">a</span>kārantatāpakatiko jāto, na aññathāpakatikoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ vuttāpi te ‘‘idameva saccaṃ, nāñña’’nti cetasi sannidhāya ādhānaggāhiduppaṭinissaggibhāve, ‘‘na vacanapaccanīkasātena suvijānaṃ subhāsita’’nti evaṃ vuttapaccanīkasātabhāve ca ṭhatvā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ ‘‘yatheva <span class="bld">gāvo</span>saddo, tatheva <span class="bld">āpo</span>saddo kiṃ itthiliṅgo na bhavissati bahuvacanako cā’’ti? Tato tesaṃ imāni suttapadāni dassetabbāni. Seyyathidaṃ? ‘‘Āpaṃ āpato sañjānāti, āpaṃ āpato <a name="M0.0147"></a> saññatvā āpaṃ maññati, āpasmiṃ maññati, āpaṃ meti maññati, āpaṃ abhinandatī’’ti evaṃ suttapadāni dassetvā ‘‘āpanti idaṃ kataravacana’’nti pucchitabbā. Addhā te <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddassa bahuvacanantabhāvameva icchamānā vakkhanti ‘‘dutiyābahuvacana’’nti. Te vattabbā ‘‘nanu <span class="bld">yo</span>vacanaṃ na suyyatī’’ti? Te vadeyyuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yo</span>vacanaṃ kata<span class="bld">a</span>mādesattā na suyyatī’’ti. Yaṃ yaṃ bhonto icchanti, taṃ taṃ mukhārūḷhaṃ vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Āpato’’ti idaṃ pana kiṃ bhonto vadantīti? ‘‘Āpato’’ti idampi ‘‘bahuvacanakaṃ <span class="bld">to</span>paccayanta’’nti vadāma <span class="bld">to</span>paccayassa ekatthe ca bavhatthe ca pavattanato. Iti tumhe bahuvacanakattaṃyeva icchamānā <span class="bld">‘‘āpo</span>saddo ca <span class="bld">yo</span>vacananto’’ti bhaṇatha, ‘‘āpato’’ti idampi ‘‘bahuvacanakaṃ <span class="bld">to</span>paccayanta’’nti bhaṇatha, ‘‘āpasmiṃ maññatī’’ti ettha pana ‘‘āpasmi’’ntidaṃ kataravacanantaṃ katarādesena sambhūtanti? Addhā te evaṃ puṭṭhā niruttarā bhavissanti. Tathā yesaṃ evaṃ hoti <span class="bld">‘‘āpa</span>saddo itthiliṅgo ceva bahuvacanako cā’’ti, te pucchitabbā ‘‘yaṃ ācariyehi veyyākaraṇamataṃ gahetvā ‘yā āpo’ti ca ‘tāsa’nti ca vuttaṃ, tattha ‘kiṃ tāsa’nti vacane ‘āpāna’nti padaṃ ānetvā attho vattabbo, udāhu āpassā’’ti? ‘‘Āpāna’nti padamānetvā attho vattabbo’’ti ce, evañca sati ‘‘yā āpā’’ti vattabbaṃ ‘‘yā kaññā tiṭṭhantī’’ti padamiva. Atha ‘‘āpā’’ti padaṃ nāma natthi, ‘‘āpo’’ti padaṃyeva bahuvacanakanti ce, evaṃ sati ‘‘tāsa’’nti etthāpi ‘‘āpassā’’ti padaṃ ānetvā attho veditabbo. Kasmāti ce? Yasmā ‘‘āpo’’ti paccattekavacanassa tumhākaṃ matena bahuvacanatte sati ‘‘āpassā’’ti padampi bahuvacananti katvā <span class="bld">tāsaṃ</span>saddena yojetvā vattuṃ yuttitoti. Evaṃ sati ‘‘āpāna’’nti <a name="M0.0148"></a> padassa abhāveneva bhavitabbaṃ. Yathā pana ‘‘puriso, purisā. Purisaṃ, purise’’ti ca, ‘‘go, gāvo, gavo. Gāvu’’nti ca ekavacanabahuvacanāni bhavanti, evaṃ ‘‘āpo, āpā. Āpaṃ, āpe’’ti ekavacanabahuvacanehi bhavitabbaṃ. Evañca sati <span class="bld">‘‘āpa</span>saddo bahuvacanakoyeva hotī’’ti na vattabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ye evaṃ vadanti, tesaṃ vacanaṃ sadosaṃ duppariharaṇīyaṃ <span class="bld">mūlapariyāyasutte</span> ‘‘āpaṃ maññati āpasmi’’nti ekavacanapāḷīnaṃ dassanato, <span class="bld">visuddhimaggā</span>dīsu ca ‘‘vissandanabhāvena taṃ taṃ ṭhānaṃ āpoti appotīti āpo’’tiādikassa ekavacanavasena vuttanibbacanassa dassanato. Yathā pana <span class="bld">pāḷiyaṃ</span> itthiliṅgepi pariyāpanno <span class="bld">go</span>saddo ‘‘tā gāvo tato tato daṇḍena ākoṭeyyā’’ti ca ‘‘annadā baladā cetā’’ti ca ādinā bavhatthadīpakehi itthiliṅgabhūtehi sabbanāmikapadehi ca asabbanāmikapadehi ca samānādhikaraṇabhāvena vutto dissati, na tathā pāḷiyaṃ bavhatthadīpakehi itthiliṅgabhūtehi sabbanāmikapadehi vā asabbanāmikapadehi vā samānādhikaraṇabhāvena vutto <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddo dissati. Yadi hi <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddo itthiliṅgo siyā, <span class="bld">kañña</span>saddato <span class="bld">ā</span>paccayo viya <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddato <span class="bld">ā</span>paccayo vā siyā, <span class="bld">nada</span>saddato viya ca <span class="bld">ī</span>paccayo vā siyā, ubhayampi natthi, ubhayābhāvato itthiliṅge vuttaṃ sabbampi vidhānaṃ tattha na labbhati, tena ñāyati <span class="bld">‘‘āpa</span>saddo anitthiliṅgo’’ti. Nanu ca bho <span class="bld">go</span>saddatopi <span class="bld">ā</span>paccayo natthi, tadabhāvato itthiliṅge vuttavidhānaṃ na labbhati, evaṃ sante kasmā soyeva itthiliṅgo hoti, na panāyaṃ <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddoti?</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha vuccate – <span class="bld">go</span>saddo na niyogā itthiliṅgo, atha kho pulliṅgova. Itthiliṅgabhāve pana tamhā <span class="bld">ā</span>paccaye <a name="M0.0149"></a> ahontepi <span class="bld">ī</span>paccayo vikappena hoti, aññampi itthiliṅge vuttavidhānaṃ labbhati. So hi nicca<span class="bld">mo</span>kārantatāpakatiyaṃ ṭhatvā ‘‘go, gāvī’’tiādinā attano itthiliṅgarūpānaṃ nibbattikāraṇabhūto, tena so itthiliṅgo bhavati. <span class="bld">Āpa</span>sadde pana <span class="bld">ī</span>paccayādi na labbhati. Tena so itthiliṅgoti na vattabbo. Yathā vā <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa avisadākāravohārataṃ paṭicca itthiliṅgabhāvo upapajjati, na tathā <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddassa. <span class="bld">Āpa</span>saddassa hi anākularūpakkamattā avisadākāravohāratā na dissati, yāya eso itthiliṅgo siyā. Evaṃ vuttā te niruttarā bhavissanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā yesaṃ evaṃ hoti <span class="bld">‘‘āpa</span>saddo sabbadā itthiliṅgo ceva bahuvacanako cā’’ti, te vattabbā – yathā itthiliṅgabhūtassa <span class="bld">kaññā</span>saddassa paṭhamaṃ <span class="bld">kañña</span>iti rassavasena ṭhapitassa <span class="bld">ā</span>paccayato paraṃ <span class="bld">smiṃ</span>vacanaṃ sarūpato na tiṭṭhati, <span class="bld">yaṃ</span>bhāvena ca <span class="bld">yā</span>bhāvena ca tiṭṭhati ‘‘kaññāyaṃ, kaññāyā’’ti, na tathā ‘‘itthiliṅga’’nti tumhehi gahitassa <span class="bld">āpo</span>saddassa paṭhamaṃ <span class="bld">āpa</span>iti rassavasena ṭhapitassa paraṃ <span class="bld">smiṃ</span>vacanaṃ <span class="bld">yaṃ</span>bhāvena ca <span class="bld">yā</span>bhāvena ca tiṭṭhati, atha kho sarūpatoyeva tiṭṭhati ‘‘āpasmiṃ maññatī’’ti. Yadi pana <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddo itthiliṅgo siyā, <span class="bld">smiṃ</span>vacanaṃ sarūpato na tiṭṭheyya. Yasmā ca <span class="bld">smiṃ</span>vacanaṃ sarūpato tiṭṭhati, tasmā <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddo na itthiliṅgo. Na hi caturāsītidhammakkhandhasahassasaṅgahesu anekakoṭisatasahassesu pāḷippadesesu ekasmimpi pāḷippadese paṭhamaṃ <span class="bld">a</span>kārantabhāvena ṭhapetabbānaṃ itthiliṅgasaddānaṃ parato ṭhitaṃ <span class="bld">smiṃ</span>vacanaṃ sarūpato tiṭṭhatīti. Evaṃ vuttā te niruttarā bhavissanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci panettha evaṃ vadeyyuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘āpa</span>saddo napuṃsakaliṅgo, tathā hi <span class="bld">aṭṭhasāliniyaṃ</span> ‘omattaṃ pana āpo adhimattapathavīgatikaṃ <a name="M0.0150"></a> jāta’nti napuṃsakaliṅgabhāvena taṃsamānādhikaraṇapadāni niddiṭṭhānī’’ti? Tanna, <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇe pavattehi <span class="bld">tama vaca sira</span>saddādīhi viya <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddenapi samānādhikaraṇapadānaṃ katthaci napuṃsakaliṅgabhāvena niddisitabbattā. Pubbācariyānañhi saddaracanāsu ‘‘saddhammatejavihataṃ vilayaṃ khaṇena, veneyyasattahadayesu tamo payātī’’ti ettha ‘‘tamo’’tipadena samānādhikaraṇaṃ ‘‘vihata’’nti napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ dissati, tathā ‘‘dukkhaṃ vaco etasmiṃ vipaccanīkasāte puggaleti dubbaco’’ti ettha ‘‘vaco’’ti padena samānādhikaraṇaṃ ‘‘dukkha’’nti napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ, ‘‘avanataṃ siro yassa so avanatasiro’’ti ettha ‘‘siro’’ti padena samānādhikaraṇaṃ ‘‘avanata’’nti napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ, ‘‘appaṃ rāgādirajo yesaṃ paññāmaye akkhimhi te apparajakkhā’’ti ettha ‘‘rajo’’ti padena samānādhikaraṇaṃ ‘‘appa’’nti napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ dissati. Na te ācariyā tehi samānādhikaraṇapadehi <span class="bld">tamavacasira</span>saddādīnaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgattaviññāpanatthaṃ tathāvidhaṃ saddaracanaṃ kubbiṃsu, atha kho ‘‘sobhanaṃ mano tassāti sumano’’ti ettha viya <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇe pavattapulliṅgānaṃ payoge napuṃsakaliṅgabhāvenapi samānādhikaraṇapadāni katthaci hontīti dassanatthaṃ kubbiṃsu. Yathā ca ‘‘vihata’’ntiādikā saddaracanā <span class="bld">tamavacasira</span>saddādīnaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgattaviññāpanatthaṃ na katā, tathā ‘‘omatta’’nti ca ‘‘adhimattapathavīgatikaṃ jāta’’nti ca saddaracanāpi <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddassa napuṃsakaliṅgattaviññāpanatthaṃ na katā. Yasmā pana <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇe pavattehi <span class="bld">mana</span>saddādīhi ekadesena samānagatikattā <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddenapi napuṃsakaliṅgassa samānādhikaraṇatā yujjati, tasmā aṭṭhasāliniyaṃ ‘‘omattaṃ pana āpo adhimattapathavīgatikaṃ jāta’’nti napuṃsakaliṅgassa <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddena samānādhikaraṇatā katā. Tathāpi <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddo <a name="M0.0151"></a> <span class="bld">mana</span>saddādīhi ekadesena samānagatiko samāsapadatte <span class="bld">majjho</span>kārassa ‘‘āpokasiṇaṃ, āpogata’’ntiādippayogassa dassanato, tasmā ‘‘omatta’’ntiādivacanaṃ <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddassa napuṃsakaliṅgattaviññāpanatthaṃ vuttanti na gahetabbaṃ, liṅgavipariyayavasena pana katthaci evampi saddagati hotīti ñāpanatthaṃ vuttanti gahetabbaṃ. ‘‘Omatto’’ti ca ‘‘adhimattapathavīgatiko jāto’’ti ca liṅgaṃ parivattetabbaṃ. Yadi hi <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddo napuṃsakaliṅgo siyā, sanikārāni’ssa paccattopayogarūpāni buddhavacanādīsu vijjeyyuṃ, na tādisāni santi. Kiñci bhiyyo – <span class="bld">o</span>kārantaṃ nāma napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ katthacipi natthi, niggahītanta<span class="bld">i</span>kāranta <span class="bld">u</span>kārantavasena hi tividhāniyeva napuṃsakaliṅgāni. Tena <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddassa napuṃsakaliṅgatā nupapajjatīti. Evaṃ vuttā te niruttarā bhavissanti. I<span class="bld">cco</span>kārantavasena gahitassa <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddassa itthiliṅgatā ca napuṃsakaliṅgatā ca ekantato natthi, niggahītantavasena pana gahitassa katthaci napuṃsakaliṅgatā siyā ‘‘bhante nāgasena samuddo samuddoti vuccati, kena kāraṇena āpaṃ udakaṃ samuddoti vuccatī’’ti payogadassanato. Ettha paneke vadeyyuṃ ‘‘yadi bho <span class="bld">o</span>kārantavasena gahitassa <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddassa itthinapuṃsakaliṅgavasena dviliṅgatā natthi, <span class="bld">o</span>kāranto <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddo kataraliṅgo’’ti? Pulliṅgoti mayaṃ vadāmāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi ca bho <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddo pulliṅgo. Yathā <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddassa pulliṅgatā paññāyeyya, nijjhānakkhamatā ca bhaveyya, tathā suttaṃ āharathāti. ‘‘Āharissāmisuttaṃ, na no suttāharaṇe bhāro atthī’’ti evañca pana vatvā tesaṃ imāni suttapadāni dassetabbāni. Seyyathidaṃ? ‘‘Āpo upalabbhatīti? Āmantā. Āpassa kattā kāretā upalabbhatīti? Na <a name="M0.0152"></a> hevaṃ vattabbe. Atīto āpo atthīti? Āmantā. Tena āpena āpakaraṇīyaṃ karotīti? Na hevaṃ vattabbe. Āpaṃ maññati āpasmiṃ maññatī’’ti imāni suttapadāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca ‘‘upalabbhatī’’tiādinā <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddassa ekavacanatā siddhā, tāya siddhāya bahuvacanatāpi siddhāyeva. Ekavacanatāyeva hi saddasatthe paṭisiddhā, na bahuvacanatā, tena ‘‘āpenā’’ti iminā pana <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddassa itthiliṅgabhāvavigamo siddho itthiliṅge <span class="bld">enā</span>desābhāvato. ‘‘Āpassa, āpasmi’’nti imināpi itthiliṅgabhāvavigamoyeva itthiliṅge sarūpato <span class="bld">nā smā smiṃ</span> vacanānamabhāvā. ‘‘Atīto’’ti iminā itthiliṅganapuṃsakaliṅgabhāvavigamo <span class="bld">o</span>kārantanapuṃsakaliṅgassa abhāvato, <span class="bld">o</span>kārantassa guṇanāmabhūtassa itthiliṅgassa ca abhāvato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica buddhavacanādīsu ‘‘cittāni, rūpānī’’tiādīni viya sanikārānaṃ rūpānaṃ adassanato <span class="bld">o</span>kārantabhāvena gahitassa napuṃsakaliṅgabhāvavigamo atīva pākaṭo. Aparampettha vattabbaṃ – ‘‘atīto āpo atthīti? Āmantā’’ti ettha ‘‘atīto’’ti iminā <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddassa visadākāravohāratāsūcakena <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapadena tassa avisadākāravohāratāya ca ubhayamuttākāravohāratāya ca abhāvo siddho. Tassa ca avisadākāravohāratāya abhāve siddhe itthiliṅgabhāvo dūrataro. Ubhayamuttākāravohāratāya ca abhāve siddhe napuṃsakaliṅgabhāvopi dūrataroyeva. Iti na katthacipi <span class="bld">o</span>kārantabhāvena gahito <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddo itthiliṅgo vā napuṃsakaliṅgo vā bhavati. <span class="bld">Milindapañhe</span> pana niggahītantavasena āgato napuṃsakaliṅgoti veditabbo, na cettha vattabbaṃ ‘‘atīto’’ti ‘‘tenā’’ti <a name="M0.0153"></a> ca imāni liṅgavipallāsavasena vuttānīti vāccaliṅgānamanuvattāpakassa abhidheyyaliṅgabhūtassa <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddassa ‘‘kaññāya cittānī’’tiādīnaṃ viya itthinapuṃsakaliṅgarūpānaṃ abhāvato. Apica vohārakusalā tathāgatā tathāgatasāvakā ca, tehiyeva uttamapurisehi vohārakusalehi ‘‘atīto āpo’’tiādinā vuttattāpi ‘‘atīto’’ti ‘‘tenā’’ti ca imāni liṅgavipallāsavasena vuttānīti na cintetabbāni, tasmā taṃsamānādhikaraṇo <span class="bld">o</span>kārantabhāvena gahito <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddo ekavacananto pulliṅgo ceva yathāpayogaṃ ekavacanabahuvacanako cāti veditabbo ‘‘āpo, āpā. Āpaṃ, āpe’’tiādinā yojetabbattā. Evaṃ vuttāni suttapadāni savinicchayāni sutvā addhā te <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddassa itthiliṅgabahuvacanatāvādino niruttarā bhavissanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha koci vadeyya – pāḷiyaṃ pulliṅganayo ekavacananayo ca kiṃ aṭṭhakathāṭīkācariyehi na diṭṭho, ye <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddassa itthiliṅgabahuvacanattaṃ vaṇṇesunti? No na diṭṭho, diṭṭhoyeva so nayo tehi. Yasmā pana te na kevalaṃ sāṭṭhakathe tepiṭake buddhavacaneyeva visāradā, atha kho sakalepi saddasatthe visāradā, tasmā saddasatthe attano paṇḍiccaṃ pakāsetuṃ, ‘‘saddasatthe ca īdiso nayo vutto’’ti viññāpetuñca saddasatthanayaṃ gahetvā <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddassa itthiliṅgabahuvacanakattaṃ vaṇṇesunti natthi tesaṃ doso. Tathā hi <span class="bld">mūlapariyāyasuttantaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> tehiyeva vuttaṃ <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddassa pulliṅgekavacanakattasūcanakaṃ ‘‘lakkhaṇasasambhārārammaṇasammutivasena catubbidho āpo, tesū’’tiādi, tasmā natthi tesaṃ doso. Pūjārahā hi te āyasmanto, namoyeva tesaṃ <a name="M0.0154"></a> karoma, na tesaṃ vacanaṃ codanābhājanaṃ. Ye pana ujuvipaccanīkavādā daḷhameva <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddassa itthiliṅgabahuvacanattaṃ mamāyanti, tesaṃyeva vacanaṃ codanābhājanaṃ. Yasmā pana mayaṃ pāḷinayānusārena antadvayavato <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddassa pulliṅgattaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgattañca vidadhāma, tasmā yo koci idaṃ vādaṃ madditvā aññaṃ vādaṃ patiṭṭhāpetuṃ sakkhissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, idañca pana ṭhānaṃ mahāgahanaṃ duppaṭivijjhanaṭṭhena, paramasukhumañca katañāṇasambhārehi paramasukhumañāṇehi paṇḍitehi vedanīyattā. Sabbamidañhi vacanaṃ tesu tesu ṭhānesu atthabyañjanapariggahaṇe sotūnaṃ paramakosallajananatthañceva sāsane ādaraṃ akatvā saddasatthamatena kālaṃ vītināmentānaṃ sāthalikānaṃ pamādavihāranisedhanatthañca sāsanassātimahantabhāvadīpanatthañca vuttaṃ, na attukkaṃsanaparavambhanatthanti imissaṃ nītiyaṃ saddhāsampannehi kulaputtehi yogo karaṇīyo bhagavato sāsanassa ciraṭṭhitatthaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā pana pāḷito aṭṭhakathā balavatī nāma natthi, tasmā pāḷinayānurūpeneva <span class="bld">āpa</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālaṃ yojessāma sotūnamasammohatthaṃ, kimettha saddasatthanayo karissati. Atrāyaṃ <span class="bld">udānapāḷi</span> ‘‘kiṃ kayirā udapānena, āpā ce sabbadā siyu’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āpo, āpā. Āpaṃ, āpe. Āpena, āpehi, āpebhi. Āpassa, āpānaṃ. Āpā, āpasmā, āpamhā, āpehi, āpebhi. Āpassa, āpānaṃ. Āpe, āpasmiṃ, āpamhi, āpesu. Bho āpa, bhavanto āpā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbanāmādīhipi yojessāma – yo āpo, ye āpā. Yaṃ āpaṃ, ye āpe. Yena āpena, sesaṃ neyyaṃ<a name="M0.0155"></a>, so āpo, te āpā. Atīto āpo, atītā āpā. Sesaṃ neyyaṃ. Iccevaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Purisena samā <span class="bld">āpa</span>-saddādī sabbathā matā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na sabbathāva <span class="bld">go</span>saddo, purisena samo mato.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Manā</span>dī ekadesena, purisena samā matā;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Sarā</span>dī ekadesena, sabbathā vā samā matā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ye panettha saddā <span class="bld">‘‘mano</span>gaṇo’’ti vuttā, kathaṃ tesaṃ <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇabhāvo sallakkhetabboti? Vuccate tesaṃ manogaṇabhāvasallakkhaṇakāraṇaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Mano</span>gaṇo <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇā-</p>
<p class="gatha2">Dikā ce<span class="bld">vā’mano</span>gaṇo;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Iti saddā tidhā ñeyyā,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Manogaṇavibhāvane.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ye te <span class="bld">nā sa smiṃ</span>visaye,</p>
<p class="gatha2"><span class="bld">Sā so sya</span>ntā bhavanti ca;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Samāsataddhitantatte,</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Majjho</span>kārā ca honti hi.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">So</span>kārantapayogā ca, kriyāyogamhi dissare;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃvidhā ca te saddā, ñeyyā <span class="bld">‘‘mano</span>gaṇo’’iti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atra tassatthassa sādhakāni payogāni sāsanato ca lokato ca yathārahamāharitvā dassessāma – manasā ce pasannena, bhāsati vā karoti vā. Na mayhaṃ manaso piyo. Sādhukaṃ manasi karotha. Manopubbaṅgamā dhammā. Manoramaṃ, manodhātu, manomayena kāyena, iddhiyā upasaṅkami. Yo ve ‘‘dassa’’nti vatvāna, adāne kurute mano. Vacasā paricitā. Vacaso vacasi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vacorasmīhi <a name="M0.0156"></a> bodhesi, veneyyakumudañcidaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Rāgo sārāgarahito, visuddho buddhacandimā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kassapassa vaco sutvā, alāto etadabravi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Esa bhiyyo pasīdāmi, sutvāna munino vaco.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sakhā ca mitto ca mamāsi sīvika, susikkhito sādhu karohi me vaco. Ekūnatiṃso vayasā subhadda. Vayaso, vayasi, vayovuddho, vayoguṇā anupubbaṃ jahanti. Jalantamiva tejasā. Tejaso, tejasi, tejodhātukusalo. Tejokasiṇaṃ. Tapasā uttamo, tapaso, tapasi, tapodhano, tapojigucchā. Kasmā bhavaṃ vijanamaraññanissito, tapo idha krubbasi brahmapattiyā. Cetasā aññāsi, evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi, etamatthaṃ cetasi sannidhāya, cetoparivitakkamaññāya. Cetopariyañāṇaṃ, ceto paricchindati, so parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca jānāti. Tamasā, tamaso, tamasi, tamonudo, tamoharo. Navāhametaṃ yasasā dadāmi. Yasaso, yasasi, yaso bhogasamappito. Yasoladdhākho panasmākaṃ bhogā. Yasodharā devī, yaso laddhā na majjeyya. Ayasāva malaṃ samuṭṭhitaṃ. Ayaso, ayasi, ayopākārapariyantaṃ, ayasā paṭikujjitaṃ. Seyyo ayoguḷo bhutto, ayopatto<a name="M0.0157"></a>, ayomayaṃ, ayo kantatīti ayokanto. Ghatena vā bhuñjassu payasā vā, sādhu khalu payaso pānaṃ yaññadattena, payasi ojā, payodharā, payonidhi. Sahassanetto sirasā paṭiggahi. Siraso, sirasi añjaliṃ katvā, vanditabbaṃ isiddhajaṃ. Siroruhā, siro chindati. Yo kāme parivajjeti, sappasseva padāsiro. Siro te vajjhayitvāna. Sarasā, saraso, tīṇi uppalajātāni, tasmiṃ sarasi brāhmaṇa. Saroruhaṃ. Yaṃ etā upasevanti, chandasāvā dhanenavā. Sāvittī chandaso mukhaṃ. Chandasi, chandoviciti, chandobhaṅgo, urasā panudahissāmi, uraso, urasi jāyati, urasilomo, uromajjhe vijjhi. Rahasā, rahaso, rahasi, rahogato nisīditvā, evaṃ cintesahaṃ tadā. Ahasā, ahasi. Jāyanti tattha pārohā, ahorattānamaccayeti imāni payogāni. Ettha ca ‘‘manena, manassa, mane, manasmiṃ, manamhī’’tiādīni ca ‘‘manaāyatanaṃ tamaparāyano ayapatto chandahānī’’tiādīni ca ‘‘na manaṃ aññāsi. Yasaṃ laddhāna dummedho. ‘‘Siraṃ chindatī’’tiādīni ca rūpāni manogaṇabhāvappakāsakāni na hontīti na dassitāni, na alabbhamānavasena, tasmātra imā ādito paṭṭhāya manogaṇabhāvavibhāvinī gāthāyo bhavanti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Manasā <a name="M0.0158"></a> manaso manasi’’,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Itiādivasā ṭhitā;</p>
<p class="gatha3"><span class="bld">Sā so sya</span>ntā saddarūpā,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vuttā ‘‘manogaṇo’’iti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Manodhātu vacorasmi,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Vayovuddho tapoguṇo;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Tejodhātu tamonāso,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yasobhogasamappito.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Cetoparivitakko ca, ayopatto payodharā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Siroruhā saroruhaṃ, uromajjhe rahogato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Chandobhaṅgo ahorattaṃ, manomaya’mayomayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃvidho viseso yo, lakkhaṇantaṃ manogaṇe.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vaco sutvā, siro chindi, ayo kantati’’ iccapi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Upayogassa saṃsiddhi, lakkhaṇantaṃ manogaṇe.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Manogaṇe vuttanayo, itthiliṅge na labbhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Punnapuṃsakaliṅgesu, labbhateva yathārahaṃ.</p>
<p class="unindented">Iccevaṃ sabbathāpi –</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Sā so sya</span>ntāni rūpāni, sandissanti <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇe;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ma<span class="bld">jjho</span>kārantarūpā ca, <span class="bld">so</span>kārantūpayogatā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇalakkhaṇaṃ. Evaṃ <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇalakkhaṇaṃ anākulaṃ niggumbaṃ nijjaṭaṃ samuddiṭṭhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇādilakkhaṇaṃ kathayāma –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ye te <span class="bld">nā sasmiṃ</span>visaye,</p>
<p class="gatha2"><span class="bld">Sā so sya</span>ntā yathārahaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Samāsataddhitantatte,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ma<span class="bld">jjho</span>kāro na honti tu.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">So</span>kārantūpayogā <a name="M0.0159"></a> ca,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Kriyāyoge na honti te;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Saddā evaṃvidhā sabbe;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Manogaṇādikā matā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Seyyathidaṃ? ‘‘Bilaṃ padaṃ mukha’’miccādayo. Tesaṃ rūpāni bhavanti – bilasā, bilaso, bilasi, bilagato, bilaṃ pāvisi. Padasāva agamāsi, tīṇi padavārāni, mākāsi mukhasā pāpaṃ, mukhagataṃ bhojanaṃ chaḍḍāpeti. Saccena danto damasā upeto. Rasavaraṃ rasamayaṃ rasaṃ pivīti. Idaṃ <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇādikalakkhaṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparampi bhavati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ye samāsādibhāvamhi, ma<span class="bld">jjho</span>kārāva honti tu;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Nā sa smiṃ</span>visaye <span class="bld">sāso-sya</span>ntā pana na hontihi.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">So</span>kārantūpayogā ca,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Kriyāyoge na honti te;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Saddā evaṃvidhā cāpi,</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Mano</span>gaṇādikā matā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Seyyathidaṃ? ‘‘Āpo vāyo sarado’’iccevamādayo. Tesaṃ rūpāni bhavanti – āpodhātu, vāyodhātu, āpokasiṇaṃ, vāyokasiṇaṃ, āpomayaṃ, vāyomayaṃ, jīva tvaṃ saradosataṃ, saradakālo. Āpena, āpassa, āpe, āpasmiṃ, āpamhi. Vāyena, vāyassa, vāye, vāyasmiṃ, vāyamhi. Saradena, saradassa, sarade, saradasmiṃ, saradamhi. Āpaṃ āpato sañjānāti. Vāyaṃ vāyato sañjānāti. Saradaṃ pattheti, saradaṃ ramaṇīyā nadī.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci <a name="M0.0160"></a> panettha vadeyyuṃ ‘‘nanu sāsane <span class="bld">vāya</span>saddo viya <span class="bld">vāyu</span>saddopi <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇādīsu icchitabbo’’ti? Ettha vuccate –</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">‘‘Vāyu</span> vāyo’’ti etesu, pacchimoyeva icchito;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Mano</span>gaṇādīsu nādi, ādiggahavasenidha.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Manodhātu vāyodhātu’’, iccādīni padāni hi;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">A</span>kārantavaseneva, ma<span class="bld">jjho</span>kārāni sijjhare.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Vāyu</span>saddamhi gahite, ādiggahavasenidha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Vāyodhātū’’ti <span class="bld">o</span>majjhaṃ, rūpameva na hessati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yathā hi <span class="bld">āyu</span>saddassa, rūpaṃ dissati <span class="bld">sā</span>gamaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Āyusā ekaputta’’nti, <span class="bld">manasā</span>dipadaṃ viya.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Na tathā <span class="bld">vāyu</span>saddassa, rūpaṃ dissati <span class="bld">sā</span>gamaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇādimhi, tasso’kāso na vijjati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tathā hi ‘‘vāyati iti, vāyo’’ iti garū vaduṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Vāyodhātū’’ti etassa, padassatthaṃ tahiṃ tahiṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yattha pathavī ca āpo ca, tejo vāyo na gādhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ettha āpādikaṃ sadda-ttikaṃ <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇādike.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idampi <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇādikalakkhaṇaṃ. Ettha <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇādikā dvidhā bhijjanti <span class="bld">bila padā</span>dito <span class="bld">āpā</span>dito ca. Evaṃ <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇādikalakkhaṇaṃ anākulaṃ niggumbaṃ nijjaṭaṃ samuddiṭṭhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha <span class="bld">amano</span>gaṇalakkhaṇaṃ kathayāma –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ye ca <span class="bld">nā</span>visaye <span class="bld">so</span>ntā, ye ca <span class="bld">smā</span>visaye siyuṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saddā evaṃpakārā te, <span class="bld">amano</span>gaṇasaññitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ke <a name="M0.0161"></a> te? <span class="bld">Atthabyañjanakkhara</span>saddādayo ceva <span class="bld">dīghora</span>saddā ca. Etesu hi <span class="bld">attha</span>saddādīnaṃ <span class="bld">nā</span>vacanaṭṭhāne ‘‘atthaso byañjanaso akkharaso suttaso upāyaso sabbaso ṭhānaso’’tiādīni <span class="bld">so</span>ntāni rūpāni bhavanti. <span class="bld">Dīghora</span>saddānaṃ pana <span class="bld">smā</span>vacanaṭṭhāne ‘‘dīghaso oraso’’ti <span class="bld">so</span>ntāni rūpāni bhavanti. Idaṃ <span class="bld">amano</span>gaṇalakkhaṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparampi bhavati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sabbathā vinimuttā ye, <span class="bld">sā so</span> syantādibhāvato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃvidhāpi te saddā, <span class="bld">amano</span>gaṇasaññitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ke te? ‘‘Puriso kaññā citta’’miccādayo. Idampi <span class="bld">amano</span>gaṇalakkhaṇaṃ. Evaṃ <span class="bld">amano</span>gaṇalakkhaṇaṃ anākulaṃ niggumbaṃ nijjaṭaṃ samuddiṭṭhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ dassitesu <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇalakkhaṇādīsu koci vadeyya ‘‘yadidaṃ tumhehi vuttaṃ ‘ye samāsādibhāvamhi, ma<span class="bld">jjho</span>kārāva honti tū’tiādinā <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇādikalakkhaṇaṃ, tena ‘‘parosataṃ gomayaṃ godhano’’iccādīsu <span class="bld">gopara</span>saddādayopi <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇādikabhāvaṃ āpajjantīti? Nāpajjanti. Kasmāti ce? Yasmā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ettha <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇādīnaṃ, anta<span class="bld">sso</span>ttaṃ paṭiccidaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Ma<span class="bld">jjho</span>kārā’’ti vacanaṃ, vuttaṃ na tvāgamādikaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Parosataṃ gomaya’’nti-ādīsu <span class="bld">amano</span>gaṇo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pubbabhūtaṃ padaṃ <span class="bld">o</span>ssā-gamattā’niccatāya ca.</p>
<p class="unindented">Tasmā nāpajjanti. Iti sabbathāpi <span class="bld">amano</span>gaṇalakkhaṇaṃ nissesato dassitaṃ. Iccevaṃ <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇavibhāvanāyaṃ <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇo <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇādiko <span class="bld">amano</span>gaṇo cāti tidhā bhedo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M0.0162"></a> <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇe pariyāpannasaddānaṃ samāsaṃ patvā ‘‘abyaggamanaso naro, thiracetasaṃ kulaṃ, saddheyyavacasā upāsikātiādinā liṅgattayavasena aññathāpi rūpāni bhavanti. Ettha pana keci evaṃ vadanti ‘‘yadā <span class="bld">mana</span>saddo sakatthe avattitvā ‘abyaggo mano yassa soyaṃ abyaggamanaso, alīno mano yassa soyaṃ alīnamanaso’ti evaṃ aññatthe vattati, tadā <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayeneva nāmikapadamālā labbhati, na <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇanayenā’’ti. Taṃ na gahetabbaṃ ubhinnampi yathārahaṃ labbhanato. Tathā hi <span class="bld">visuddhimagge</span> puggalāpekkhanavasena ‘‘khantisoraccamettādi-guṇabhūsitacetaso. Ajjhesanaṃ gahetvānā’’ti ettha <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇanayo dissati. <span class="bld">Taṭṭīkāyampi</span> ‘‘ajjhesito dāṭhānāga-ttherena thiracetasā’’ti <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇanayo dissati, tasmā tesaṃ vacanaṃ na gahetabbaṃ. Evaṃ vadantā ca te <span class="bld">abyaggamana</span>saddādīnaṃ <span class="bld">abyaggamanasa</span>iccādinā <span class="bld">sa</span>kārantapakatibhāvena ṭhapetabbabhāvaṃ vibbhantamativasena cintetvā sabbāsu vibhattīsu, dvīsu ca vacanesu <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena yojetabbataṃ maññanti. Evañca sati ‘‘guṇabhūsitacetaso, thiracetasā’’ti chaṭṭhīcatutthītatiyārūpāni nasiyuṃ, aññāniyeva anabhimatāni rūpāni siyuṃ. Yasmā siyuṃ, tasmā evaṃ aggahetvā ayaṃ viseso gahetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yattha hi samāsavasena <span class="bld">mana</span>saddo <span class="bld">ceta</span>saddādayo ca sakatthe avattitvā aññatthe vattanti, tattha <span class="bld">sa</span>kārāgamānaṃ padānaṃ nāmikapadamālā <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena ca <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇe <span class="bld">mana</span>nayena ca yathārahaṃ labbhati. Ni<span class="bld">ssa</span>kārāgamānaṃ pana <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayeneva labbhati. Yattha pana samāsavisayeyeva <span class="bld">manā</span>disaddā sakatthe vattanti, tattha ni<span class="bld">ssa</span>kārāgamānaṃ nāmikapadamālā <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena ca <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇe <span class="bld">mana</span>nayena ca labbhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="M0.0163"></a> imassatthassa āvibhāvatthaṃ, saddagatīsu ca viññūnaṃ kosalluppādanatthaṃ yathāvuttānaṃ padānaṃ padamālā tidhā katvā dassayissāma – ‘‘byāsatto mano yassa soyaṃ byāsattamanaso naro’’ti evamaccantaṃ puggalāpekkhakassa imassa padassa –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Byāsattamanaso naro, byāsattamanasā narā. Byāsattamanasaṃ naraṃ, byāsattamanase nare. Byāsattamanasā, byāsattamanena narena, byāsattamanehi, byāsattamanebhi narehi. Byāsattamanaso, byāsattamanassa narassa, byāsattamanānaṃ narānaṃ. Byāsattamanā, byāsattamanasmā, byāsattamanamhā narā, byāsattamanehi, byāsattamanebhi narehi. Byāsattamanaso, byāsattamanassa narassa, byāsattamanānaṃ narānaṃ. Byāsattamanasi, byāsattamane, byāsattamanasmiṃ, byāsattamanamhi nare, byāsattamanesu naresu. Bho byāsattamanasa nara, bhavanto byāsattamanasā narāti nāmikapadamālā bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <span class="bld">sa</span>kārāgamassa labbhamānālabbhamānatā vavatthapetabbā. Ettha hi paṭhamādutiyāvibhattīnaṃ ekavacanabahuvacanaṭṭhāne ca tatiyācatutthīchaṭṭhīsattamīnaṃ ekavacanaṭṭhāne ca yathārahaṃ <span class="bld">sā</span>gamo bhavati ādesasaravibhattisaraparattā. Ayañca nayo sukhumo sādhukaṃ manasi kātabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo nayo – ‘‘byāsatto mano yassa soyaṃ byāsattamano’’ti evampi puggalāpekkhakassa imassa padassa ‘‘byāsattamano naro, byāsattamanā narā. Byāsattamanaṃ nara’’ntiādinā <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayeneva nāmikapadamālā bhavati. Ettha pana sabbathāpi <span class="bld">sā</span>gamo natthi. Aparopi nayo – ‘‘byāsatto ca so mano cāti byāsattamano’’ti evaṃ cittāpekkhakassapi imassa padassa ‘‘byāsattamano, byāsattamanā. Byāsattamanaṃ, byāsattamane. Byāsattamanasā, byāsattamanenā’’tiādinā <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇe <span class="bld">mana</span>nayena nāmikapadamālā bhavati, ettha pana tatiyācatutthīchaṭṭhīsattamīnaṃ <a name="M0.0164"></a> ekavacanaṭṭhāneyeva <span class="bld">sā</span>gamo bhavati ādesasaraparattā. Yathā ca ettha, evaṃ ‘‘alīnamanaso naro’’tiādīsupi ayaṃ tividho nayo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Napuṃsakaliṅge pana vattabbe ‘‘byāsattamanasaṃ kulaṃ, byāsattamanāni kulāni. Byāsattamanasaṃ kulaṃ, byāsattamanāni kulāni. Byāsattamanasā kulenā’’tiādinā nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā. Ettha pana paṭhamādutiyātatiyācatutthīchaṭṭhīsattamīnaṃ ekavacanaṭṭhāneyeva yathārahaṃ <span class="bld">sā</span>gamo bhavati ādesasaravibhattisaraparattā, ayampi nayo sukhumo sādhukaṃ manasi kātabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Itthiliṅge pana vattabbe ‘‘byāsattamanasā itthī’’ti evaṃ paṭhamekavacanaṭṭhāneyeva <span class="bld">sā</span>gamaṃ vatvā tato ‘‘byāsattamanā, byāsattamanāyo itthiyo. Byāsattamanaṃ itthi’’nti <span class="bld">kaññā</span>nayena yojetabbā. ‘‘Evaṃ saddheyyavacasā upāsikā, saddheyyavacāyo upāsikāyo. Saddheyyavacaṃ upāsika’’ntiādināpi. ‘‘Byāsattamanaṃ kulaṃ, byāsattamanā itthī’’tiādinā pana <span class="bld">cittakaññā</span>nayena yojetabbā. Ettha pana sabbathāpi <span class="bld">sā</span>gamo natthi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sotūnaṃ ñāṇappabhedajananatthaṃ aparāpi nāmikapadamālāyo dassayissāma sahanibbacanena – mano eva mānasaṃ, samussāhitaṃ mānasaṃ yassa soyaṃ samussāhitamānaso. ‘‘Samussāhitamānaso, samussāhitamānasā. Samussāhitamānasaṃ, samussāhitamānase. Samussāhitamānasenā’’ti <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena yojetabbā. Sundarā medhā assa atthīti sumedhaso. ‘‘Sumedhaso, sumedhasā. Sumedhasaṃ, sumedhase. Sumedhasenā’’ti <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena, evaṃ ‘‘bhūrimedhaso’’tiādīnampi. Tatrime payogā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yaṃ <a name="M0.0165"></a> vadanti sumedhoti, bhūripaññaṃ sumedhasaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Kiṃ nu tamhā vippavasi, muhuttamapi piṅgiya;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Gotamā bhūripaññāṇā, gotamā bhūrimedhasā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nāhaṃ tamhā vippavasāmi, muhuttamapi brāhmaṇa;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Gotamā bhūripaññāṇā, gotamā bhūrimedhasā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Itthiliṅge vattabbe ‘‘samussāhitamānasā sumedhasā’’ti rūpāni, napuṃsake vattabbe ‘‘samussāhitamānasaṃ sumedhasa’’nti rūpāni, <span class="bld">kaññā citta</span>nayena etesaṃ padamālā yojetabbā. <span class="bld">O</span>kārantapulliṅgaṭṭhāne itthiliṅgādivinicchayo nayappakāsanatthaṃ kato. Visesato hi <span class="bld">o</span>kārantakathāyeva idhādhippetā. Apica loke nīti nāma nānappakārehi kathitā eva sobhati, ayañca sāsane nīti, tasmā nānappakārehi kathitāti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sabbāni nayato evaṃ, <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapadānime;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pulliṅgāni pavuttāni, sāsanatthaṃ mahesino.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Viseso tesu kesañci, pāḷiyaṃ yo padissati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paccattavacanaṭṭhāne, pakāsessāmi taṃ’dhunā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vanappagumbe yatha phussitagge’’, itiādinayena hi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Katthacodantapulliṅga-rūpāni aññathā siyuṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Paccattavacanicceva, tañca rūpaṃ pakāsaye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Paccatte bhummaniddeso’’, iti bhāsanti kecana.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra kānici suttapadāni dassessāma – natthi attakāre, natthi parakāre, natthi purisakāre, pariyantakate saṃsāre, jīve sattame, na hevaṃ vattabbe, bāle ca paṇḍite ca sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karissantīti. Imāni <a name="M0.0166"></a> ekavacanabahuvacanavasena dvidhā gahetabbāni. Paccattekavacanabahuvacanānañca <span class="bld">e</span>kārādeso veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ye pana ‘‘vanappagumbeti paccattavacanassa bhummavacananiddeso’’ti vadanti, te vattabbā ‘‘yadi vanappagumbeti paccattavacanassa bhummavacananiddeso, evañca sati ‘thāliyaṃ odanaṃ pacatī’ti ettha viya ādhārasutisambhavato ‘gimhāna māse paṭhamasmiṃ gimhe’ti idaṃ kataratthaṃ jotetī’’ti? Te vadeyyuṃ ‘‘na mayaṃ bho ‘vanappagumbeti idaṃ bhummavacana’nti vadāma, atha kho ‘paccattavacanassa bhummavacananiddeso’ti vadāmā’’ti. Evampi dosoyeva tumhākaṃ, nanu ‘‘saṅghe gotami dehī’’ti etthāpi sampadānavacanassa bhummavacananiddesoti vuttepi saṅghassa dānakriyāya ādhārabhāvato ‘‘saṅghe’’ti vacanaṃ suṇantānaṃ ādhārasuti ca ādhāraparikappo ca hotiyeva. Na hi sakkā evaṃ pavattaṃ cittaṃ nivāretuṃ, tasmā ettha evaṃ pana viseso gahetabbo ‘‘paccattavacanassapi katthaci bhummavacanassa viya rūpaṃ hotī’’ti. Evañhi gahite na koci virodho. Īdisesu hi ṭhānesu niruttippabhedakusalo lokānukampako bhagavā paccattavacanavasena niddisitabbe sati evaṃ aniddisitvā lokassa sammohamuppādayanto viya kathaṃ bhummavacananiddesaṃ karissati, tasmā saddasāmaññalesamattaṃ gahetvā ‘‘bhummavacananiddeso’’ti na vattabbaṃ. Yadi saddasāmaññaṃ gahetvā bhummavacananiddesaṃ icchatha, ‘‘paccattekavacanassa upayogabahuvacananiddeso’’tipi icchitabbaṃ siyā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica tatheva ‘‘attakāre’’ti paccattavacanassa bhummavacananiddese sati ādhārasutisambhavato ‘‘attakārasmiṃ kiñci vatthu natthī’’ti anadhippeto attho siyā, na pana ‘‘attakāro natthī’’ti adhippeto attho. ‘‘Upayogabahuvacananiddeso’’ti gahaṇepi upayogatthassa <span class="bld">natthi</span>saddena <a name="M0.0167"></a> avattabbattā dosoyeva siyā, <span class="bld">atthi</span>saddādīnaṃ viya pana <span class="bld">natthi</span>saddassapi paṭhamāya yogato ‘‘attakāre’’ti idaṃ paccattavacanamevāti viññāyati. ‘‘Bāle ca paṇḍite ca sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karissantī’’ti etthāpi paccattavacanassa ‘‘bhummavacananiddeso’’ti vā ‘‘upayogavacananiddeso’’ti vā gahaṇe sati ‘‘bālā ca paṇḍitā cā’’ti ettakampi vattuṃ ajānanadoso siyā, ‘‘karissantī’’ti padayogato pana ‘‘bāle cā’’tiādi paccattavacanamevāti viññāyati. Yathā pana niggahītāgamavasenuccārite ‘‘cakkhuṃ udapādī’’ti pade paccattavacanassa ‘‘cakkhuṃ me dehi yācito’’ti ettha upayogavacanena sutivasena samānattepi paccattavacanatthoyeva sotāre paṭibhāti ‘‘udapādī’’tiākhyātena kathitattā, na pana vibhattivipallāsatthabhūto upayogavacanattho ‘‘udapādī’’tiākhyātena avacanīyattā, ‘‘cakkhuṃ udapādī’’ti hi bhagavatā vuttakāle ko ‘‘cakkhuṃ udapādī’’ti padaṃ parivattitvā atthamācikkhati, tathā ‘‘bāle paṇḍite’’tiādīnampi paccattavacanānaṃ aparehi ‘‘bāle paṇḍite’’tiādīhi bhummopayogavacanehi sutivasena samānattepi paccattavacanatthoyeva sotāre paṭibhāti, na itaravacanattho yathāpayogaṃ atthassa gahetabbattā. Iti ‘‘vanappagumbe, bāle, paṇḍite’’tiādīnaṃ suddhapaccattavacanattaññeva sārato paccetabbaṃ, na sutisāmaññena bhummopayogavacanattaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yaṃ panācariyena <span class="bld">jātakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tayo giriṃ tiantaraṃ kāmayāmi,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Pañcālā kuruyo kekake ca;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Tatuttariṃ brāhmaṇa kāmayāmi,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tikiccha maṃ brāhmaṇa kāmanīta’’nti –</p>
<p class="unindented">Imassa <a name="M0.0168"></a> <span class="bld">kāmanīta</span>jātakassa saṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ ‘‘kekake cāti paccatte upayogavacanaṃ, tena kekakassa raṭṭhaṃ dassetī’’ti vuttaṃ. Evaṃ vadanto ca so ‘‘purise passati, purise patiṭṭhita’’nti, ‘‘passāmi loke sadhane manusse’’ti ca ādīsu yebhuyyena ‘‘purise, loke, sadhane, manusse’’tiādīnaṃ upayogabahuvacanabhummekavacanabhāvena āgatattā paccattekavacanabahuvacanabhāvassa pana apākaṭattā yebhuyyappavattiṃ sandhāya ‘‘idampi tādisamevā’’ti maññamāno vadati maññe. Ācariyā hi katthaci attano ruciyāpi visuṃ visuṃ kathenti. Ayaṃ pana amhākaṃ ruci – ‘‘kekake’’ti idaṃ paccattavacanameva ‘‘pañcālā, kuruyo’’ti sahajātapadāni viya, raṭṭhavācakattā pana ‘‘kuruyo’’ti padamiva bahuvacanavasena vuttaṃ. Na hi bhagavā ‘‘khattiyo, brāhmaṇo, vesso’’tiādīsu viya samānavibhattīhi niddisitabbesu sahajātapadesu pacchimaṃ upayogavacanavasena niddiseyya, yutti ca na dissati ‘‘pañcālā’’ti, ‘‘kuruyo’’ti paccattavacanaṃ vatvā ‘‘kekake’’ti upayogavacanassa vacane, tasmā ‘‘kekake’’ti idaṃ paccattavacanameva. Tathā hi <span class="bld">sandhivisodhana</span>vidhāyako ācariyo tādisānaṃ padānaṃ paccattavacanattaññeva vibhāvento sāmaṃ kate pakaraṇe ‘‘vanappagumbo vanappagumbe, sukhaṃ dukkhaṃ jīvo, sukhe dukkhe jīve’’ti āha, <span class="bld">ṭīkāya</span>mpi ca tesaṃ paccattavacanabhāvameva vibhāvento ‘‘vanappagumbo, sukhaṃ, dukkhaṃ, jīvo’’ti sādhanīyaṃ rūpaṃ patiṭṭhapetvā niggahītalopavasena <span class="bld">akārokārāna</span>ñca <span class="bld">e</span>kārādesavasena ‘‘vanappagumbe, sukhe, dukkhe, jīve’’ti rūpanipphattimāha. Sā pāḷinayānu kūlā. <span class="bld">Kaccāyanā</span>cariyenapi pāḷinayaṃ nissāya ‘‘dvipade tulyādhikaraṇe’’ti paccattabahuvacanapadaṃ vuttaṃ. Tenāha vuttiyaṃ ‘‘dve padāni tulyādhikaraṇānī’’ti. ‘‘Dvipade tulyādhikaraṇe’’ti <a name="M0.0169"></a> ca idaṃ ‘‘aṭṭha nāgāvāsasatānī’’ti vattabbe ‘‘aṭṭha nāgāvāsasate’’ti padamiva vuccatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci pana tesaṃ bhummekavacanattaṃ icchanti. Tattha yadi ‘‘vanappagumbe’’ti paccatte bhummavacanaṃ, ‘‘kekake’’ti ca paccatte upayogavacanaṃ, ‘‘esese eke ekaṭṭhe’’ti ettha ‘‘esese’’ti imānipi paccatte bhummavacanāni vā siyuṃ, upayogavacanāni vā. Yathetāni evaṃvidhāni na honti, suddhapaccattavacanāniyeva honti, tathā ‘‘vanappagumbe, kekake’’tiādīnipi tathāvidhāni na honti, suddhapaccattavacanāniyeva honti. Iccevaṃ sabbathāpi ‘‘vanappagumbe, bāle, paṇḍite, kekake’’ti, ‘‘viratte kosiyāyane, aṭṭha nāgāvāsasate, ke purise, esese’’ti evamādīnaṃ anekesaṃ purisaliṅgaitthiliṅganapuṃsakaliṅgasabbanāmaekavacanaanekavacanavasena sāsanavare ṭhitānaṃ padānaṃ nipphatti paccattekavacanaputhuvacanāna<span class="bld">me</span>kārādesavaseneva bhavatīti avassamidaṃ sampaṭicchitabbaṃ. Evaṃ ‘‘vanappagumbe, bāle, paṇḍite’’tiādīnaṃ suddhapaccattavacanatā atīva sukhumā dubbiññeyyā, saddhena kulaputtena ācariye payirupāsitvā tadupadesaṃ sakkaccaṃ gahetvā jānitabbā. Buddhavacanasmiñhi saddato ca atthato ca adhippāyato ca akkharacintakānaṃ ñāṇacakkhusammuyhanaṭṭhānabhūtā pāḷinayā vividhā dissanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha saddato tāva idaṃ sammuyhanaṭṭhānaṃ – ‘‘virattā kosiyāyanī’’ti vattabbe ‘‘viratte kosiyāyane’’ti itthiliṅgapaccattavacanaṃ dissati, ‘‘ko puriso’’ti vattabbe ‘‘ke purise’’ti sabbanāmikapaccattavacanaṃ dissati, ‘‘kinnāmo te upajjhāyo’’ti vattabbe ‘‘konāmo te upajjhāyo’’ti samāsapadaṃ pulliṅgavisayaṃ dissati. Kiṃ nāmaṃ etassāti <a name="M0.0170"></a> konāmoti hi samāso. Tena ‘‘konāmā itthī, konāmaṃ kula’’nti ayampi nayo gahetabbo. ‘‘Kva te balaṃ mahārājā’’ti vattabbe ‘‘ko te balaṃ mahārājā’’ti ettha <span class="bld">kva</span>saddena īsakaṃ samānasutiko sattamiyanto <span class="bld">ko</span>saddo dissati, <span class="bld">kva ko</span>saddā hi aññamaññamīsakasamānasutikā. Tathā ‘‘idha hemantagimhesu, idha hemantagimhisu, na tenatthaṃ abandhi so, na tenatthaṃ abandhisū’’ti aññānipi yojetabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atthato pana idaṃ sammuyhanaṭṭhānaṃ – ‘‘yaṃ na kañcanadvepiñcha, andhena tamasā gata’’nti ettha <span class="bld">na</span>kāro ‘‘kata’’nti iminā sambandhitabbo. Na katanti kataṃ viyāti attho. Ettha hi <span class="bld">na</span>kāro upamāne vattati, na paṭisedhe.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Assaddho akataññū ca,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sandhicchedo ca yo naro;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Hatāvakāso vantāso,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sa ve uttamaporiso’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādīnipi aññāni yojetabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Adhippāyato idaṃ sammuyhanaṭṭhānaṃ – ‘‘taṇhaṃ asmimānaṃ sassatucchedadiṭṭhiyo dvādasāyatananissitaṃ nandirāgañca hantvā brāhmaṇo anīgho yātī’’ti vattabbepi tathā avatvā tamevatthaṃ gahetvā aññena pariyāyena</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Mātaraṃ pitaraṃ hantvā, rājāno dve ca khattiye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Raṭṭhaṃ sānucaraṃ hantvā, anīgho yāti brāhmaṇo’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vanaṃ <a name="M0.0171"></a> chindatha mā rukkhaṃ, vanato jāyate bhayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Chetvā vanañca vanathaṃ, nibbanā hotha bhikkhavo’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādīnipi aññāni yojetabbāni. Evaṃ buddhavacane saddato ca atthato ca adhippāyato ca akkharacintakānaṃ ñāṇacakkhusammuyhanaṭṭhānabhūtā pāḷinayā vividhā dissanti. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Jānantā api saddasatthamakhilaṃ muyhanti pāṭhakkame,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Yebhuyyena hi lokanītividhurā pāṭhe nayā vijjare;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Paṇḍiccampi pahāya bāhiragataṃ ettheva tasmā budho,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sikkheyyāmaladhammasāgaratare nibbānatitthūpage’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ pāḷinayānaṃ dubbiññeyyattā ‘‘vanappagumbe, bāle ca, paṇḍite cā’’tiādīnaṃ suddhapaccattavacanattaññeva sārato paccetabbaṃ, na sutisāmaññena bhummopayogavacanattaṃ bhummopayogavacanehi tesaṃ samānasutikattepi paccattajotakattā. Samānasutikāpi hi saddā atthappakaraṇaliṅgasaddantarābhisambandhādivasena atthavisesajotakā bhavanti. Taṃ yathā? ‘‘Sīho gāyatī’’ti vutte ‘‘evaṃnāmako puriso’’ti attho viññāyati. ‘‘Sīho naṅguṭṭhaṃ cāletī’’ti vutte pana ‘‘migarājā’’ti viññāyati. Evaṃ atthavasena samānasutikānaṃ atthavisesajotanaṃ bhavati. Saṅgāme ṭhatvā ‘‘sindhavamānehī’’ti vutte ‘‘asso’’ti viññāyati. Rogisālāyaṃ pana ‘‘sindhavamānehī’’ti vutte ‘‘lavaṇa’’nti viññāyati. Evaṃ pakaraṇavasena samānasutikānaṃ atthavisesajotanaṃ bhavati. ‘‘Issā’’ti vutte ‘‘evaṃnāmikā dhammajātī’’ti viññāyati. ‘‘Isso’’ti vutte pana ‘‘acchamigo’’ti viññāyati. Evaṃ liṅgavasena ekadesasamānasutikānaṃ atthavisesajotanaṃ bhavati. Ettha pana kiñcāpi ‘‘devadattaṃ pakkosa ghaṭadhārakaṃ <a name="M0.0172"></a> daṇḍadhāraka’’ntiādīsupi ghaṭadaṇḍādīni liṅgaṃ, tathāpi samānasutikādhikārattā na taṃ idhādhippetaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Issā uppajjatī’’ti ca ‘‘issā purisamanubandhiṃsū’’ti ca vutte pana sabbathā samānasutikānaṃ saddantarābhisambandhavasena yathāvuttaatthavisesajotanaṃ bhavati. Tathā ‘‘sīho bhikkhave migarājā sāyanhasamayaṃ āsayā nikkhamatī’’ti vutte ‘‘migādhipo kesarasīho’’ti viññāyati. ‘‘Sīho samaṇuddeso, sīho senāpatī’’ti ca vutte pana ‘‘sīho nāma sāmaṇero, sīho nāma senāpatī’’ti viññāyati. Evampi saddantarābhisambandhavasena samānasutikānaṃ atthavisesajotanaṃ bhavati. ‘‘Addasaṃsu kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū sattarasavaggiye bhikkhū vihāraṃ paṭisaṅkharonte’’ti evampi saddantarābhisambandhavasena samānasutikānaṃ paccattopayogatthasaṅkhātaatthavisesajotanaṃ bhavati. Tathā ‘‘siñca bhikkhu imaṃ nāvaṃ, aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavocā’’ti evampi saddantarābhisambandhavasena samānasutikānaṃ ālapanatthapaccattatthasaṅkhātaatthavisesajotanaṃ bhavati, tasmā ‘‘vanappagumbe yatha phussitagge’’tiādīni bhummopayogavacanehi sadisattepisaddantarābhisambandhavasena suddhapaccattavacanānīti gahetabbāni. Paccattekavacanabahuvacanānaṃ eva hi <span class="bld">e</span>kārādesavasena evaṃvidhāni rūpāni bhavanti bhummopayogavacanāni viyāti. Nanu ca bho evaṃvidhānaṃ rūpānaṃ pāḷiyaṃ dissanato <span class="bld">‘e</span>kārantampi pulliṅgaṃ atthī’ti vattabbanti? Na vattabbaṃ, <span class="bld">o</span>kārantabhāvogadharūpavisesattā tesaṃ rūpānaṃ. Ādesavasena hi siddhattā visuṃ <span class="bld">e</span>kārantapulliṅgaṃ nāma natthi, tasmā pulliṅgānaṃ yathāvuttasattavidhatāyeva gahetabbāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci <a name="M0.0173"></a> pana vadeyyuṃ ‘‘yāyaṃ <span class="bld">purisa</span>saddanayaṃ gahetvā ‘bhūto, bhūtā. Bhūta’ntiādinā sabbesa<span class="bld">mo</span>kārantapadānaṃ nāmikapadamālā vibhattā, tattha catutthekavacanassa <span class="bld">āyā</span>desasahitāni rūpāni kimatthaṃ na vuttānī’’ti? Visesadassanatthaṃ. Tādisāni hi catutthekavacanarūpāni pāḷinaye porāṇaṭṭhakathānaye ca upaparikkhiyamāne ‘‘gatyatthakammani, nayanatthakammani, vibhattivipariṇāme, tadatthe cā’’ti saṅkhepato imesu catūsuyeva ṭhānesu, pabhedato pana sattasu ṭhānesu dissanti. Dānarocanadhāraṇa<span class="bld">namo</span>yogādibhede pana yattha katthaci sampadānavisaye na dissanti, iti imaṃ visesaṃ dassetuṃ na vuttānīti. Nanu dānakriyāyoge ‘‘abhirūpāya kaññā deyyā’’ti catutthekavacanassa <span class="bld">āyā</span>desasahitarūpadassanato imasmimpi <span class="bld">saddanītippakaraṇe</span> ‘‘purisāya, bhūtāyā’’tiādīni vattabbāni, evaṃ sante kasmā ‘‘dānarocanadhāraṇa<span class="bld">namo</span>yogādibhede pana yattha katthaci sampadānavisaye na dissantī’’ti vuttanti? Apāḷinayattā. ‘‘Abhirūpāya kaññā deyyā’’ti ayañhi saddasatthato āgato nayo, na buddhavacanato. Buddhavacanañhi patvā ‘‘abhirūpassa kaññā deyyā’’ti padarūpaṃ bhavissatīti. Nanu ca bho <span class="bld">namo</span>yogādīsupi catutthekavacanassa <span class="bld">āyā</span>deso dissatīti. Sāsanāvacarāpi hi nipuṇā paṇḍitā ‘‘namo buddhāyā’’tiādīni vatvā ratanattayaṃ vandanti. Keci pana –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Namo buddhāya buddhassa,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Namo dhammāya dhammino;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Namo saṅghāya saṅghassa,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Namokārena sotthi me’’ti ca,</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Mukhe <a name="M0.0174"></a> sarasi samphulle, nayanuppalapaṅkaje;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pādapaṅkajapūjāya, buddhāya satataṃ dade’’ti ca,</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Naro naraṃ yācati kiñci vatthuṃ, narena dūto pahito narāyā’’ti ca gāthāracanampi kubbantīti? Saccaṃ, sāsanāvacarāpi nipuṇā paṇḍitā ‘‘namo buddhāyā’’tiādīnivatvā ratanattayaṃ vandanti, gāthāracanampi kubbanti, evaṃ santepi te saddasatthe kataparicayavasena saddasatthato nayaṃ gahetvā tathārūpā gāthāpi cuṇṇiyapadānipi abhisaṅkharonti, ‘‘namo buddhāyā’’tiādīni vatvā ratanattayaṃ vandanti. Ye pana saddasatthe akataparicayā antamaso bāladārakā, tepi aññesaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā kataparicayavasena ‘‘namo buddhāyā’’tiādīni vatvā ratanattayaṃ vandanti, ‘‘namo buddhassā’’ti vadantā pana appakatarā. Katthaci hi padese kumārake akkharasamayaṃ uggaṇhāpentā garū akkharānamādimhi ‘‘namo buddhāyā’’ti sikkhāpenti, na pana ‘‘namo buddhassā’’ti, evaṃ santepi pāḷinaye porāṇaṭṭhakathānaye ca upaparikkhiyamāne ṭhapetvā gatyatthakammādiṭṭhānacatukkaṃ, pabhedato sattaṭṭhānaṃ vā dānarocanadhāraṇa<span class="bld">namo</span>yogādibhede yattha katthaci sampadānavisaye catutthekavacanassa <span class="bld">āyā</span>desasahitāni rūpāni na dissanti, tasmā kehici abhisaṅkhatāni ‘‘namo buddhāya, buddhāya dānaṃ dentī’’ti padāni pāḷiṃ patvā ‘‘namo buddhassa, buddhassa dānaṃ dentī’’ti aññarūpāni bhavantīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ayaṃ pana pāḷinayaaṭṭhakathānayānurūpena <span class="bld">āyā</span>desassa payogaracanā – ‘‘buddhāya saraṇaṃ gacchati, buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchatī’’ti vā, ‘‘buddhāya nagaraṃ nenti, buddhaṃ nagaraṃ nentī’’ti vā, ‘‘buddhāya sakkato dhammo, buddhena sakkato dhammo’’ti vā, ‘‘buddhāya jīvitaṃ pariccajati, buddhassa atthāya jīvitaṃ pariccajatī’’ti vā, ‘‘buddhāya apenti aññatitthiyā, buddhasmā apenti aññatitthiyā’’ti vā<a name="M0.0175"></a>, ‘‘buddhāya dhammatā, buddhassa dhammatā’’ti vā, ‘‘buddhāya pasanno, buddhe pasanno’’ti vā iti pabhedato imaṃ sattaṭhānaṃ vivajjetvā aññattha <span class="bld">āyā</span>deso na dissati. Tathā hi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pāṭhe <span class="bld">mahānamakkāra</span>-saṅkhāte sādhunandane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sampadāne <span class="bld">namo</span>yoge, <span class="bld">āyā</span>deso na dissati.</p>
<p class="unindented">Ettha mahānamakkārapāṭho nāma ‘‘namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassā’’ti pāṭho. Atrāpi <span class="bld">āyā</span>deso na dissati. <span class="bld">Vammikasuttepi</span> ‘‘namo karohi nāgassā’’ti evaṃ <span class="bld">āyā</span>deso na dissati. <span class="bld">Ambaṭṭhasuttepi</span> ‘‘sotthi bhadante hotu rañño, sotthi janapadassa’’. Evaṃ <span class="bld">āyā</span>deso na dissati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Suppabuddha’’nti pāṭhassa, atthasaṃvaṇṇanāyapi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sampadāne <span class="bld">namo</span>yoge, <span class="bld">āyā</span>deso na dissati.</p>
<p class="unindented">Tathā hi</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Suppabuddhaṃ pabujjhanti, sadā gotamasāvakā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yesaṃ divā ca ratto ca, niccaṃ buddhagatā satī’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Imissā pāḷiyā aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘sammādiṭṭhikassa putto guḷaṃ khipamāno buddhānussatiṃ āvajjetvā ‘namo buddhassā’ti vatvā guḷaṃ khipatī’’ti <span class="bld">āyā</span>desavajjito saddaracanāviseso dissati. Sagāthāvaggavaṇṇanāyampi <span class="bld">dhanañjānīsuttaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> ‘‘tvaṃ ṭhitāpi nisinnāpi khipitvāpi kāsetvāpi ‘namo buddhassā’ti tassa muṇḍakassa samaṇakassa namakkāraṃ karosī’’ti <span class="bld">āyā</span>desavajjito saddaracanāviseso dissati. Tathā tattha tattha ‘‘buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa dānaṃ deti. Tassa <a name="M0.0176"></a> purisassa bhattaṃ na ruccati. Samaṇassa rocate saccaṃ, buddhassa chattaṃ dhāreti, buddhassa silāghate’’tiādinā <span class="bld">āyā</span>desavivajjito saddaracanāviseso dissati. Evaṃ dānarocanādīsu bahūsu sampadānavisayesu catutthekavacanassa <span class="bld">āyā</span>desasahitaṃ rūpaṃ na dissati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gatyatthakammādīsu pana catūsu ṭhānesu dissati. Tathā hi ‘‘mūlāya paṭikasseyya, appo saggāya gacchatī’’ti cettha gatyatthakammani dissati. Ettha hi ‘‘mūlaṃ paṭikasseyya, appo saggaṃ gacchatī’’ti ca attho. ‘‘Paṭikasseyyā’’ti cettha kasa gatiyanti dhātussa <span class="bld">pati</span>upasaggena visesitattā ‘‘ākaḍḍheyyā’’ti attho bhavati. ‘‘Ayaṃ puriso mama atthakāmo, yo maṃ gahetvāna dakāya netī’’ti ettha nayanatthakammani dissati. Ettha hi maṃ udakaṃ neti, attano vasanakasobbhaṃ pāpetīti attho. ‘‘Viramathāyasmanto mama vacanāyā’’ti ettha vibhattivipariṇāme dissati. Mama vacanato viramathāti hi nissakkavacanavasena attho. ‘‘Mahāgaṇāya bhattā me’’ti etthāpi vibhattivipariṇāme dissati. Mama mahato haṃsagaṇassa bhattāti hi sāmivacanavasena attho. Mama haṃsarājāti cettha adhippāyo. ‘‘Asakkatā casma dhanañcayāyā’’ti etthāpi vibhattivipariṇāme dissati. Mayaṃ dhanañcayassa rañño asakkatā ca bhavāmāti hi kattutthe sāmivacanaṃ. Tathā hi ‘‘dhanañcayassā’’ti vā ‘‘dhanañcayenā’’ti vā vattabbe evaṃ avatvā ‘‘dhanañcayāyā’’ti sampadānavacanaṃ dānakriyādikassa sampadānavisayassa abhāvato vibhattivipariṇāmeyeva yujjati, tasmā dhanañcayarājena mayaṃ asakkatā ca bhavāmāti attho gahetabbo. Aññampi vibhattivipariṇāmaṭṭhānaṃ maggitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Virāgāya <a name="M0.0177"></a> upasamāya nirodhāyā’’tiādīni pana anekasahassāni <span class="bld">āyā</span>desasahitāni saddarūpāni tadatthe pavattanti. Aṭṭhakathācariyāpi hi <span class="bld">dhammavinaya</span>saddatthaṃ vaṇṇentā ‘‘dhammānaṃ vinayāya. Anavajjadhammatthañhesa vinayo, na bhavabhogādiattha’’nti tadatthavaseneva <span class="bld">āyā</span>desasahitaṃ saddarūpaṃ payuñjiṃsu, evaṃ catutthekavacanassa <span class="bld">āyā</span>desasahitāni rūpāni gatyatthakammani nayanatthakammani vibhattivipariṇāme tadatthe cāti imesu catūsuyeva ṭhānesu dissanti, na pana dānarocanādibhede yattha katthaci sampadānavisaye. Tathā hi <span class="bld">niruttipiṭake</span> ‘‘atthāyāti sampadānavacana’’nti <span class="bld">āyā</span>desasahitaṃ saddarūpaṃ vuttaṃ, <span class="bld">purisa</span>saddādivasena pana tādisāni rūpāni na vuttāni tādisānaṃ saddarūpānaṃ yattha katthaci appavattanato. <span class="bld">Kaccāyanappakaraṇepi</span> hi ‘‘āya catutthekavacanassa tū’’ti lakkhaṇassa vuttiyaṃ ‘‘atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussāna’’nti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Purisāyā’’ti vā ‘‘samaṇāyā’’ti vā ‘‘brāhmaṇāyā’’ti vā na vuttanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha siyā – nanu bho tasseva vuttiyaṃ ‘‘catutthīti kimatthaṃ purisassa mukhaṃ. Ekavacanassāti kimatthaṃ purisānaṃ dadāti. Vāti kimatthaṃ dātā hoti samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā’’ti vuttattā ‘‘purisāya samaṇāya brāhmaṇāyā’’tiādīni padarūpāni nayato dassitāni, kevalaṃ pana <span class="bld">mukha</span>saddayogato bahuvacanabhāvato vikappanato ca ‘‘purisāyā’’tiādīni na sijjhanti, <span class="bld">mukha</span>saddayogādivirahite pana ṭhāne avassaṃ sijjhantīti? Ettha vuccate – ‘‘catutthīti kimatthaṃ purisassa mukha’’nti vadanto ‘‘sace <span class="bld">āyā</span>deso bhaveyya<a name="M0.0178"></a>, catutthiyā eva bhavati, na chaṭṭhiyā’’ti dassento ‘‘mukha’’nti padaṃ dassesi, na ca tena <span class="bld">‘‘mukha</span>saddaṭṭhāne detītiādike sampadānavisayabhūte kriyāpade ṭhite <span class="bld">āyā</span>deso hotī’’ti dasseti. <span class="bld">‘‘E</span>kavacanassāti kimatthaṃ purisānaṃ dadātī’’ti vadantopi ‘‘ekavacanasseva <span class="bld">āyā</span>deso hoti, na bahuvacanassā’’ti dasseti. ‘‘Dadātī’’ti idaṃ padaṃ ‘‘purisāna’’nti padassa sampadānavacanattaṃ ñāpetuṃ avoca, na ca ‘‘detītiādike sampadānavisayabhūte kriyāpade sati catutthekavacanassa <span class="bld">āyā</span>deso hotī’’ti imamatthaṃ viññāpeti. ‘‘Vāti kimatthaṃ dātā hoti samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā’’ti ca vadantopi ‘‘sampadāneyeva vikappena <span class="bld">āyā</span>deso hotī’’ti viññāpeti, na dānādikriyaṃ paṭicca <span class="bld">āyā</span>desavidhānaṃ ñāpeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi pana dānādikriyaṃ paṭicca <span class="bld">āyā</span>desavidhānaṃ siyā, vuttikārakena lakkhaṇassa vuttiyaṃ mūlodāharaṇeyeva ‘‘atthāya hitāyā’’ti tadatthapayogāni viya ‘‘purisāya dīyate’’tiādi vattabbaṃ siyā, na ca vuttaṃ. Kasmāti ce? Buddhavacane porāṇaṭṭhakathāsu ca tādisassa payogassa abhāvā. <span class="bld">Niruttipiṭake</span> hi pabhinnapaṭisambhido so āyasmā <span class="bld">mahākaccāno</span> ‘‘purisassa dīyate’’ti <span class="bld">āyā</span>desarahitāniyeva rūpāni dasseti, ‘‘atthāyāti sampadānavacana’’nti bhaṇantopi ca thero dānādikriyāpekkhaṃ akatvā catutthekavacanassa <span class="bld">āyā</span>desasahitaṃ rūpameva niddisi. Tena so payogo tadatthappayogoti viññāyati. Iti imehi kāraṇehi jānitabbaṃ ‘‘dānādikriyaṃ paṭicca <span class="bld">āyā</span>desavidhānaṃ na kata’’nti. Yajjevaṃ ‘‘atthāya hitāyā’’tiādīniyeva tadatthappayogāni ‘‘āya catutthekavacanassa tū’’ti lakkhaṇassa visayā bhaveyyuṃ, nāññānīti? Tanna, aññānipi visayāyeva tassa. Katamāni? ‘‘Mūlāya paṭikasseyya, appo <a name="M0.0179"></a> saggāya gacchati, dakāya neti, viramathāyasmanto mamavacanāya, gaṇāya bhattā’’tiādīni. ‘‘Saggassa gamanena vā’’tiādīni pana <span class="bld">vā</span>dhikārattā avisayāvāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca bho evaṃ sante vuttikārakena mūlodāharaṇesu ‘‘atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussāna’’nti vatvā ‘‘mūlāya paṭikasseyyā’’tiādīnipi vattabbāni, kimudāharaṇe pana ‘‘vāti kimatthaṃ saggassa gamanena vā’’ti vattabbanti? Saccaṃ, avacane kāraṇamatthi, taṃ suṇātha – ‘‘mūlāya paṭikasseyya, appo saggāya gacchatī’’ti ettha hi ‘‘mūlāya, saggāyā’’ti padāni suddhasampadānavacanāni na honti gatyatthakammani vattanato, tasmā mūlodāharaṇesu na vuttāni. Tathā ‘‘dakāya netī’’ti ettha ‘‘dakāyā’’ti padaṃ nayanatthakammani vattanato suddhasampadānavacanaṃ na hotīti na vuttaṃ. ‘‘Viramathāyasmanto mama vacanāyā’’ti ettha pana ‘‘vacanāyā’’ti padaṃ nissakkavacanatthe vattanato, ‘‘gaṇāya bhattā’’ti ettha ‘‘gaṇāyā’’ti padaṃ sāmivacanatthe vattanato, ‘‘asakkatā casma dhanañcayāyā’’ti ettha ‘‘dhanañcayāyā’’ti padaṃ kattuvasena sāmiatthe vattanato suddhasampadānavacanaṃ na hotīti na vuttaṃ. Kimudāharaṇepi ‘‘saggassā’’ti padaṃ <span class="bld">gamana</span>saddasannidhānato gatyatthakammani vattanato suddhasampadānavacanaṃ na hotīti ‘‘vāti kimatthaṃ saggassa gamanena vā’’ti na vuttaṃ. Evañhettha vuttanayena buddhavacanaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathānayañca patvā catutthekavacanassa <span class="bld">āyā</span>desasahitāni rūpāni gatyatthakammādīsu catūsuyeva ṭhānesu dissanti, na pana dānarocanādibhede yattha katthaci sampadānavisayeti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca bho ‘‘candanasāraṃ jeṭṭhikāya adāsi suvaṇṇamālaṃ kaniṭṭhāyā’’ti dānappayoge catutthekavacanassa <span class="bld">āyā</span>desasahitarūpadassanato ‘‘rājakaññāya dīyate, rājakaññāya <a name="M0.0180"></a> ruccati alaṅkāro, rājakaññāya chattaṃ dhāreti, rājakaññāya namo karohi, rājakaññāya sotthi bhavatu, rājakaññāya silāghate’’tiādīhipi payogehi bhavitabbaṃ, atha kasmā ‘‘buddhavacanaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathānayañca patvā catutthekavacanassa <span class="bld">āyā</span>desasahitāni rūpāni gatyatthakammādīsu catūsuyeva ṭhānesu dissanti, na pana dānarocanādibhede yattha katthaci sampadānavisaye’’ti vadathāti? Uppathamavatiṇṇo bhavaṃ, na hi bhavaṃ amhākaṃ vacanatthaṃ jānāti. Ayañhettha amhākaṃ vacanattho – sabbānipi itthiliṅgāni ekavacanavasena tatiyācatutthīpañcamīchaṭṭhīsattamīṭhānesu samasamāni honti, appāni asamāni, tasmā tāni ṭhapetvā pulliṅganapuṃsakaliṅgesu <span class="bld">purisā</span>di <span class="bld">cittā</span>disaddānaṃ <span class="bld">a</span>kārantapakatibhāve ṭhitānaṃ catutthekavacanassa <span class="bld">āyā</span>desasahitāni rūpāni buddhavacanādīsu dānarocanādibhede yattha katthaci sampadānavisaye na dissanti. Teneva hi ‘‘mūlāya, saggāya, dakāya, vacanāya, gaṇāyā’’tiādīni gatyatthakammādīsu tīsu ‘‘abhiññāya, sambodhāya, nibbānāyā’’ti evamādīni pana anekasatāni tiliṅgapadāni tadattheyevāti imesu catūsu ṭhānesu dissanti. ‘‘Deti, rocati, dhāretī’’tiādīsu pana suddhasampadānavisayesu na dissanti. Bhavanti catra –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Catutthekavacanassa, <span class="bld">āyā</span>desena saṃyutaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Rūpaṃ anitthiliṅgānaṃ, ṭhānesu catusuṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Gatyatthakammani ceva, nayanatthassa kammani;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vibhattiyā vipallāse, tadatthe cāti niddise.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Mūlāya paṭikasseyya, appo saggāya gacchati’’;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ gatyatthakammasmiṃ, diṭṭhamamhehi sāsane.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dakāya <a name="M0.0181"></a> neti’’ iccevaṃ, nayanatthassa kammani;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Vacanāyā’’ti nissakke, viramaṇappayogato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Gaṇāya’’iti sāmismiṃ, ‘‘bhattā’’ti saddayogato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Dhanañcayāyā’’ti padaṃ, kattutthe sāmisūcakaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Asakkatā’’ti saddassa, yogatoti viniddise;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Añño cāpi vipallāso, maggitabbo vibhāvinā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Abhiññāya sambodhāya, nibbānāyā’’timāni tu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Liṅgattayavaseneva, tadatthasmiṃ viniddise.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evaṃ pāṭhānulomena, kathito <span class="bld">āya</span>sambhavo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Idantu sukhumaṃ ṭhānaṃ, cintetabbaṃ punappunaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">O</span>kārantavaseneva, nānānayasumaṇḍitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Padamālā mahesissa, sāsanatthaṃ pakāsitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">I</span>mamatimadhurañce cittikatvā suṇeyyuṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Vividhanayavicittaṃ sādhavo saddanītiṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Jinavaravacanete saddato jātakaṅkhaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kumudamiva’sinā ve suṭṭhu chindeyyumettha.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti navaṅge sāṭṭhakathe piṭakattaye byappathagatīsu viññūnaṃ</p>
<p class="centered">Kosallatthāya kate saddanītippakaraṇe</p>
<p class="centered">Savinicchayo <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapulliṅgānaṃ pakatirūpassa</p>
<p class="centered">Nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo nāma</p>
<p class="centered">Pañcamo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">A</span>kāra<span class="bld">nto</span>kārantatāpakatika<span class="bld">o</span>kārantapulliṅgaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="chapter">6. Ākārantapulliṅganāmikapadamālā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha pubbācariyamataṃ purecaraṃ katvā <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantapulliṅgānaṃ pakatirūpesu <span class="bld">abhibhavitu</span> iccetassa pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālaṃ <a name="M0.0182"></a> vakkhāma – satthā, satthā, satthāro. Satthāraṃ, satthāro. Satthārā, satthārehi, satthārebhi. Satthu, satthussa, satthuno, satthānaṃ, satthārānaṃ. Satthārā, satthārehi, satthārebhi. Satthu, satthussa, satthuno, satthānaṃ, satthārānaṃ. Satthari, satthāresu. Bho sattha, bho satthā, bhavanto satthāro.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ <span class="bld">yamakamahātherena</span> katāya <span class="bld">cūḷaniruttiyā</span> āgato nayo. Ettha ca <span class="bld">niruttipiṭake ca kaccāyane</span> ca ‘‘satthunā’’ti padaṃ anāgatampi gahetabbameva ‘‘dhammarājena satthunā’’ti dassanato. ‘‘Satthārā, satthunā, satthārehi, satthārebhī’’ti kamo ca veditabbo. Ettha ca asatipi atthavisese byañjanavisesavasena, byañjanavisesābhāvepi atthanānatthatāvasena saddantarasandassanaṃ niruttikkamoti ‘‘satthā’’ti padaṃ ekavacanabahuvacanavasena dvikkhattuṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Niruttipiṭakā</span>dīsu pana ‘‘satthā’’ti paṭhamābahuvacanaṃ na āgataṃ. Kiñcāpi na āgataṃ, tathāpi ‘‘avitakkitā maccumupabbajantī’’ti <span class="bld">pāḷiyaṃ</span> ‘‘avitakkitā’’ti paṭhamābahuvacanassa dassanato ‘‘satthā’’ti padassa paṭhamābahuvacanattaṃ avassamicchitabbaṃ. Tathā <span class="bld">vattā, dhātā, gantā</span>dīnampi taggatikattā. Tathā <span class="bld">niruttipiṭake</span> ‘‘satthāre’’ti dutiyābahuvacanañca ‘‘satthussa, satthāna’’nti catutthīchaṭṭhekavacanabahuvacanāni ca āgatāni, <span class="bld">cūḷaniruttiyaṃ</span> pana na āgatāni. Tattha ‘‘mātāpitaro poseti. Bhātaro atikkamatī’’ti dassanato ‘‘satthāre’’ti dutiyābahuvacanarūpaṃ ayuttaṃ viya dissati. <span class="bld">Kaccāyanā</span>dīsu ‘‘bho sattha, bho satthā’’ iti rassadīghavasena ālapanekavacanadvayaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Niruttipiṭake</span> ‘‘bho sattha’’ itirassavasena ālapanekavacanaṃ vatvā ‘‘bhavanto satthāro’’ti <span class="bld">ārā</span>desavasena ālapanabahuvacanaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Cūḷaniruttiyaṃ</span> <a name="M0.0183"></a> ‘‘bho sattha’’ iti rassavasena ālapanekavacanaṃ vatvā ‘‘bho satthā’’ iti dīghavasena ālapanabahuvacanaṃ lapitaṃ. Sabbametaṃ āgame upaparikkhitvā yathā na virujjhati, tathā gahetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">satthu</span>saddassa yaṃ rūpantaraṃ amhehi diṭṭhaṃ, taṃ dassessāma – tathā hi ‘‘imesaṃ mahānāma tiṇṇaṃ satthūnaṃ ekā niṭṭhā udāhu puthu niṭṭhā’’ti <span class="bld">pāḷiyaṃ</span> ‘‘satthūna’’nti padaṃ diṭṭhaṃ, tasmā ayampi kamo veditabbo ‘‘satthu, satthussa, satthuno, satthānaṃ, satthārānaṃ, satthūna’’nti. Abhibhavitā, abhibhavitā, abhibhavitāro. Abhibhavitāraṃ, abhibhavitāro. Abhibhavitārā, abhibhavitunā, abhibhavitārehi, abhibhavitārebhi. Abhibhavitu, abhibhavitussa, abhibhavituno, abhibhavitānaṃ, abhibhavitārānaṃ, abhibhavitūnaṃ. Abhibhavitārā, abhibhavitārehi, abhibhavitārebhi. Abhibhavitu, abhibhavitussa, abhibhavituno, abhibhavitānaṃ, abhibhavitārānaṃ. Abhibhavitari, abhibhavitāresu. Bho abhibhavita, bho abhibhavitā, bhavanto abhibhavitāro. Yathā panettha <span class="bld">abhibhavitu</span> iccetassa pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālā <span class="bld">satthu</span>nayena yojitā, evaṃ <span class="bld">paribhavitu</span>ādīnañca aññesañca taṃsadisānaṃ nāmikapadamālā <span class="bld">satthu</span>nayena yojetabbā. Etthaññāni taṃsadisāni nāma ‘‘vattā, dhātā’’iccādīnaṃ padānaṃ <span class="bld">vattudhātu</span> iccādīni pakatirūpāni.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vattā dhātā gantā netā,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Dātā kattā cetā tātā;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Chettā bhettā hantā metā,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Jetā boddhā ñātā sotā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Gajjitā vassitā bhattā, mucchitā paṭisedhitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhāsitā pucchitā khantā, uṭṭhātokkamitā tatā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nattā <a name="M0.0184"></a> panattā akkhātā, sahitā paṭisevitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Netā vinetā iccādī, vattare suddhakattari.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Uppādetā viññāpetā, sandassetā pabrūhetā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bodhetādī caññe saddā, ñeyyā hetusmiṃ atthasmiṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kattā khattā nettā bhattā, pitā bhātātime pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kiñci bhijjanti <span class="bld">suttasmiṃ,</span> taṃ pabhedaṃ kathessahaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Satthātiādīsu keci, upayogena sāminā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saheva niccaṃ vattanti, neva vattanti keci tu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra <span class="bld">kattu</span>saddādayo rūpantaravasena <span class="bld">satthu</span>saddato kiñci bhijjanti. Tathā hi ‘‘uṭṭhehi katte taramāno, gantvā vessantaraṃvadā’’ti ettha ‘‘katte’’ti idaṃ ālapanekavacanarūpaṃ, evañhi ‘‘bho kattā’’ti rūpato rūpantaraṃ nāma. ‘‘Tena hi bho khatte yena campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā tenupasaṅkamā’’ti ettha ‘‘khatte’’ti idañcālapanekavacanarūpaṃ. Evampi ‘‘bho khattā’’ti rūpato rūpantaraṃ nāma. ‘‘Nette ujuṃ gate satī’’ti ettha ‘‘nette’’ti idaṃ sattamiyā ekavacanarūpaṃ, etampi ‘‘nettarī’’ti rūpato rūpantaraṃ. ‘‘Ārādhayati rājānaṃ, pūjaṃ labhati bhattusū’’ti ettha ‘‘bhattūsū’’ti idaṃ sattamiyā bahuvacanarūpaṃ. ‘‘Bhattāresū’’ti rūpato rūpantaraṃ, atra ‘‘bhattūsū’’ti dassanato, ‘‘mātāpitūsu paṇḍitā’’ti ettha ‘‘pitūsū’’ti dassanato ca ‘‘vattūsu dhātūsu gantūsu netūsu dātūsu kattūsū’’ti evamādinayopi gahetabbo. Ayaṃ nayo <span class="bld">satthu</span>saddepi icchitabbo viya amhe paṭibhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pitā, pitā, pitaro. Pitaraṃ, pitaro. Pitarā, pitunā, petyā, pitarehi, pitarebhi, pitūhi, pitūbhi. Pitu, pitussa, pituno<a name="M0.0185"></a>, pitānaṃ, pitarānaṃ, pitūnaṃ. Pitarā, petyā, pitarehi, pitarebhi, pitūhi, pitūbhi. Pitu, pitussa, pituno, pitānaṃ, pitarānaṃ, pitūnaṃ. Pitari, pitaresu, pitūsu. Bho pita, bho pitā, bhavanto pitaro. Ettha pana ‘‘petyā, pitūna’’nti imaṃ nayadvayaṃ vajjetvā <span class="bld">bhātu</span>saddassa ca padamālā yojetabbā. Tattha ‘‘matyā ca petyā ca kataṃ susādhu, anuññātosi mātāpitūhi, mātāpitūnaṃ accayenā’’ti ca dassanato <span class="bld">pitu</span>saddassa ‘‘petyā, pitūhi, pitūbhi. Pitūna’’nti rūpabhedo ca, ‘‘pitaro’’ iccādīsu rassattañca <span class="bld">satthu</span>saddato viseso. Tattha ca ‘‘petyā’’ti idaṃ ‘‘jantuyo, hetuyo, hetuyā, adhipatiyā’’ti padāni viya acinteyyaṃ pulliṅgarūpanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Codanā sodhanā cātra bhavati – <span class="bld">satthā pitā</span> iccevamādīni nipphannattamupādāya <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantānīti ca, paṭhamaṃ ṭhapetabbaṃ pakatirūpamupādāya <span class="bld">u</span>kārantānīti ca tumhe bhaṇatha, ‘‘hetu satthāradassanaṃ. Amātāpitarasaṃvaḍḍho. Kattāraniddeso’’tiādīsu pana <span class="bld">satthāra</span> iccādīni kathaṃ tumhe bhaṇathāti? Etānipi mayaṃ pakatirūpamupādāya <span class="bld">u</span>kārantānīti bhaṇāmāti. Nanu ca bho etāni <span class="bld">a</span>kārantānīti? Na, <span class="bld">u</span>kārantāniyeva tāni. Nanu ca bho <span class="bld">yo aṃ nā</span>dīni parabhūtāni vacanāni na dissanti yehi <span class="bld">u</span>kārantasaddānamantassa <span class="bld">ārā</span>deso siyā, tasmā <span class="bld">a</span>kārantānīti? Na, īdise ṭhāne parabhūtānaṃ <span class="bld">yo aṃ nā</span>dīnaṃ vacanānamanokāsattā. Tathā hi samāsavisayo eso. Samāsavisayasmiñhi acinteyyānipi rūpāni dissantīti. Evaṃ santepi bho ‘‘gāmato nikkhamatī’’ti payogassa viya asamāsavisaye ‘‘satthārato satthāraṃ gacchatī’’ti <span class="bld">niddesapāḷi</span>dassanato ‘‘hetu <a name="M0.0186"></a> satthāradassana’’ntiādīsu <span class="bld">satthāra</span> iccādīni <span class="bld">a</span>kārantānīti cintetabbānīti? Na cintetabbāni ‘‘satthārato satthāraṃ gacchatī’’ti etthāpi <span class="bld">u</span>kārantattā. Ettha hi asamāsattepi <span class="bld">to</span>paccayaṃ paṭicca <span class="bld">satthu</span>saddassa <span class="bld">u</span>kāro <span class="bld">ārā</span>desaṃ labhati. Yāni pana tumhe <span class="bld">u</span>kārassa <span class="bld">ārā</span>desanimittāni <span class="bld">yo aṃnā</span>dīni vacanāni icchatha, tāni īdise ṭhāne viññūnaṃ pamāṇaṃ na honti. Kāni pana hontīti ce? Asamāsavisaye <span class="bld">to</span>paccayo ca samāsavisaye parapadāni ca parapadābhāve syādivibhattiyo cāti imāneva īdise ṭhāne ekantena pamāṇaṃ honti. Tathā hi <span class="bld">dhammapadaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> ‘‘yāvadeva anatthāya, ñattaṃ bālassa jāyatī’’ti imissā pāḷiyā atthasaṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ nimmātāpitaroti imasmiṃ pahaṭe daṇḍo natthī’’ti ettha nimmātāpitaroti imassa samāsavisayattā simhi pare <span class="bld">u</span>kāro <span class="bld">ārā</span>desaṃ labhati, tato <span class="bld">si</span>ssa <span class="bld">o</span>kārādeso, iccetaṃ padaṃ pakatirūpavasena <span class="bld">u</span>kārantaṃ bhavati. Nipphannattamupādāya ‘‘puriso, urago’’ti padāni viya <span class="bld">o</span>kārantañca bhavati. Ayaṃ panettha samāsaviggaho ‘‘mātā ca pitā ca mātāpitaro, natthi mātāpitaro etassāti nimmātāpitaro’’ti. Pakatirūpavasena hi ‘‘nimmātāpitu’’ iti ṭhite <span class="bld">si</span>vacanasmiṃ pare <span class="bld">u</span>kārassa <span class="bld">ārā</span>deso hoti. Katthaci pana dhammapadaṭṭhakathāpotthake ‘‘ayaṃ nimmātāpitiko’’ti pāṭho dissati, eso pana ‘‘ayaṃ nimmātāpitaro’’ti padassa ayuttataṃ maññamānehi ṭhapitoti maññāma, na so ayutto aṭṭhakathāpāṭho. So hi umaṅgajātakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ ekapitaroti <span class="bld">si</span>mhi <span class="bld">ārā</span>desapayogena sameti. Tathā hi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yathāpi <a name="M0.0187"></a> niyako bhātā,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Saudariyo ekamātuko;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Evaṃ pañcālacando te,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dayitabbo rathesabhā’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Imissā pāḷiyā atthaṃ saṃvaṇṇentehi pāḷinayaññūhi garūhi ‘‘niyakoti ajjhattiko ekapitaro ekamātuyā jāto’’ti <span class="bld">si</span>mhi <span class="bld">ārā</span>desapayogaracanā katā. Na kevalañca <span class="bld">si</span>mhi <span class="bld">ārā</span>dese pulliṅgappayogoyevamhehi diṭṭho, atha kho itthiliṅgappayogopi sāsane diṭṭho. Tathā hi vinayapiṭake <span class="bld">cūḷavagge</span> ‘‘assamaṇī hoti asakyadhītarā’’ti padaṃ dissati. Ayaṃ panettha samāsaviggaho ‘‘sakyakule uppannattā sakyassa bhagavato dhītā sakyadhītarā, na sakyadhītarā asakyadhītarā’’ti. Idhāpi <span class="bld">si</span>mhi pare <span class="bld">u</span>kārassa <span class="bld">ārā</span>deso kato, itthiliṅgabhāvassa icchitattā <span class="bld">ā</span>paccayo, tato <span class="bld">si</span>lopo ca daṭṭhabbo. Evaṃ samāsapadatte <span class="bld">satthu pitu kattu</span>saddānaṃ nāmikapadamālāyaṃ vuttarūpato koci koci rūpaviseso dissati. Aññesampi rūpaviseso nayaññunā maggitabbo suttantesu. Ko hi nāma samattho nissesato buddhavacanasāgare saṃkiṇṇāni vicitrāni paṇḍitajanānaṃ hadayavimhāpanakarāni padarūparatanāni samuddharitvā dassetuṃ, tasmā amhehi appamattakāniyeva dassitāni.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Adandhajātiko viññu-jātiko satataṃ idha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yogaṃ karoti ce satthu, pāḷiyaṃ so na kaṅkhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ye panidha amhehi ‘‘satthā, abhibhavitā, vattā, kattā’’dayo saddā pakāsitā, tesu keci upayogavacanena saddhiṃ niccaṃ vattanti ‘‘pucchitā, okkamitā’’iccādayo. Tathā hi ‘‘abhijānāsi <a name="M0.0188"></a> no tvaṃ mahārāja imaṃ pañhaṃ aññe samaṇabrāhmaṇe pucchitā. Niddaṃ okkamitā’’tiādipayogā bahū dissanti. Keci sāmivacanena saddhiṃ niccaṃ vattanti ‘‘abhibhavitā, vattā’’iccādayo. Tathā hi ‘‘paccāmittānaṃ abhibhavitā, tassa bhavanti vattāro. Amatassa dātā. Parissayānaṃ sahitā. Anuppannassa maggassa, uppādetā naruttamo’’tiādipayogā bahū dissanti. Keci pana upayogavacanenapi saddhiṃ neva vattanti niyogā paññattiyaṃ pavattanato. Taṃ yathā? ‘‘Satthā, pitā, bhātā, nattā’’iccādayo. Ettha pana ‘‘upayogavacanena saddhiṃ niccaṃ vattantī’’tiādivacanaṃ kammabhūtaṃ atthaṃ sandhāya katanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <span class="bld">u</span>kārantatāpakatikānaṃ <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantapadānaṃ pavattiṃ viditvā saddesu atthesu ca kosallamicchantehi puna liṅgaantavasena ‘‘satthā, sattho, sattha’’nti tikaṃ katvā padānamattho ca pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālā ca padānaṃ sadisāsadisatā ca vavatthapetabbā. Tatra hi ‘‘satthā’’ti idaṃ paṭhamaṃ <span class="bld">u</span>kārantatāpakatiyaṃ ṭhatvā pacchā <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantabhūtaṃ pulliṅgaṃ, ‘‘sattho’’ti idaṃ paṭhamaṃ <span class="bld">a</span>kārantatāpakatiyaṃ ṭhatvā pacchā <span class="bld">o</span>kārantabhūtaṃ pulliṅgaṃ, ‘‘sattha’’ntidaṃ pana paṭhamaṃ <span class="bld">a</span>kārantatāpakatiyaṃ ṭhatvā pacchā niggahītantabhūtaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ. Tatra <span class="bld">satthā</span>ti sadevakaṃ lokaṃ sāsati anusāsatīti satthā, ko so? Bhagavā. <span class="bld">Sattho</span>ti saha atthenāti sattho, bhaṇḍamūlaṃ gahetvā vāṇijjāya desantaraṃ gato janasamūho. <span class="bld">Sattha</span>nti sāsati ācikkhati atthe etenāti satthaṃ, byākaraṇādigantho, atha vā sasati hiṃsati satte etenāti satthaṃ, asiādi. ‘‘Satthā, satthā, satthāro. Satthāraṃ, satthāro’’ti pure viya <a name="M0.0189"></a> padamālā. ‘‘Sattho, satthā. Satthaṃ, satthe’’ti <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena padamālā. ‘‘Satthaṃ, satthāni, satthā. Satthaṃ, satthāni, satthe’’ti napuṃsake vattamāna <span class="bld">citta</span>nayena padamālā yojetabbā. Evaṃ tidhā bhinnāsu nāmikapadamālāsu padānaṃ sadisāsadisatā vavatthapetabbā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Satthā tiṭṭhati sabbaññū, satthā yanti dhanatthikā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Satthā apeti puriso, bhonto satthā dadātha saṃ.</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ sutisāmaññavasena sadisatā bhavati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Satthaṃ yaṃ tikhiṇaṃ tena, sattho katvāna kappiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Phalaṃ satthussa pādāsi, satthā taṃ paribhuñjati.</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ asutisāmaññavasena asadisatā bhavati, tathā liṅgaantavasena. ‘‘Cetā ceto’’ti ca ‘‘tātā tāto’’ti ca dukaṃ katvā padānamattho ca pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālā ca padānaṃ sadisāsadisatā ca vavatthapetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra hi ‘‘cetā’’ti paṭhamaṃ <span class="bld">u</span>kārantatāpakatiyaṃ ṭhatvā pacchā <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantabhūtaṃ pulliṅgaṃ, tathā ‘‘tātā’’ti padampi. ‘‘Ceto’’ti idaṃ pana paṭhamaṃ <span class="bld">a</span>kārantatāpakatiyaṃ ṭhatvā pacchā <span class="bld">o</span>kārantabhūtaṃ pulliṅgaṃ, tathā ‘‘tāto’’ti padampi. Tatra <span class="bld">cetā</span>ti cinoti rāsiṃ karotīti cetā, pākāracinanako puggalo, iṭṭhakavaḍḍhakīti attho. <span class="bld">Ceto</span>ti cittaṃ, evaṃnāmako vā luddo. Ettha ca cittaṃ ‘‘cetayati cintetī’’ti atthavasena ceto, luddo pana paṇṇattivasena. <span class="bld">Tātā</span>ti tāyatīti tātā. ‘‘Aghassa tātā hitassa vidhātā’’tissa payogo. ‘‘Tāto’’ti etthāpi tāyatīti tāto, puttānaṃ pitūsu, pitarānaṃ puttesu, aññesañca aññesu piyapuggalesu vattabbavohāro <a name="M0.0190"></a> eso. ‘‘So nūna kapaṇo tāto, ciraṃ ruccati assame. Kicchenādhigatā bhogā, te tāto vidhamaṃ dhamaṃ. Ehi tātā’’tiādīsu cassa payogo veditabbo. ‘‘Cetā, cetā, cetāro. Cetāraṃ, cetāro’’ti <span class="bld">satthu</span>nayena padamālā. ‘‘Ceto, cetā. Cetaṃ, cete. Cetasā, cetenā’’ti <span class="bld">mano</span>gaṇanayena ñeyyā. Ayaṃ cittavācakassa <span class="bld">ceta</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā. ‘‘Ceto, cetā. Cetaṃ, cete. Cetenā’’ti <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena ñeyyā. Ayaṃ paṇṇattivācakassa <span class="bld">ceta</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā. ‘‘Tātā, tātā, tātāro. Tātāra’’nti satthunayena ñeyyā. ‘‘Tāto, tātā, tāta’’nti <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena ñeyyā. Evamimāsupi nāmikapadamālāsu padānaṃ sadisāsadisatā vavatthapetabbā, tathā liṅgaantavasena ‘‘ñātā, ñāto, ñātaṃ, ñātā’’ti catukkaṃ katvā padānamattho ca pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālā ca padānaṃ sadisāsadisatā ca vavatthapetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra hi ‘‘ñātā’’ti idaṃ paṭhamaṃ <span class="bld">u</span>kārantatāpakatiyaṃ ṭhatvā pacchā <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantabhūtaṃ pulliṅgaṃ. ‘‘Ñāto ñāta’’nti imāni yathākkamaṃ paṭhamaṃ <span class="bld">a</span>kārantatāpakatiyaṃ ṭhatvā pa<span class="bld">ccho</span>kārantaniggahītantabhūtāni vāccaliṅgesu punnapuṃsakaliṅgāni. Tathā hi ‘‘ñāto attho sukhāvaho. Ñātametaṃ kuraṅgassā’’ti nesaṃ payogā dissanti. ‘‘Ñātā’’ti idaṃ pana paṭhamaṃ <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantatāpakatiyaṃ ṭhatvā pacchāpi <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantabhūtaṃ vāccaliṅgesu itthiliṅgaṃ. Tathā hi ‘‘esā itthimayā ñātā’’ti payogo. Tatra pulliṅgapakkhe ‘‘jānātīti ñātā’’ti kattukārakavattamānakālavasena attho gahetabbo. Itthiliṅgādipakkhe ‘‘ñāyitthāti ñātā ñāto <a name="M0.0191"></a> ñāta’’nti kammakārakātītakālavasena attho gahetabbo. Esa nayo aññatthāpi yathāsambhavaṃ daṭṭhabbo. ‘‘Ñātā, ñātā, ñātāro. Ñātāra’’nti <span class="bld">satthu</span>nayena ñeyyā. ‘‘Ñāto, ñātā. Ñāta’’nti <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena ñeyyā. ‘‘Ñātaṃ, ñātāni, ñātā. Ñātaṃ, ñātāni, ñāte’’ti vakkhamāna<span class="bld">citta</span>nayena ñeyyā. ‘‘Ñātā, ñātā, ñātāyo. Ñātaṃ, ñātā, ñātāyo’’ti vakkhamāna<span class="bld">kaññā</span>nayena ñeyyā. Evamimāsupi nāmikapadamālāsu padānaṃ sadisāsadisatā vavatthapetabbā. Aññesupi ṭhānesu yathārahaṃ iminā nayena sadisāsadisatā upaparikkhitabbā. <span class="bld">Vattā dhātā gantā</span>dīnampi ‘‘vadatīti vattā, dhāretīti dhātā, gacchatīti gantā’’tiādinā yathāsambhavaṃ nibbacanāni ñeyyāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yaṃ panettha amhehi pakiṇṇakavacanaṃ kathitaṃ, taṃ ‘‘aṭṭhāne idaṃ kathita’’nti na vattabbaṃ. Yasmā ayaṃ saddanīti nāma saddānamatthānañca yuttāyuttipakāsanatthaṃ katārambhattā nānappakārena sabbaṃ māgadhavohāraṃ saṅkhobhetvā kathitāyeva sobhati, na itarathā, tasmā nānappabhedena vattumicchāya sambhavato ‘‘aṭṭhāne idaṃ kathita’’nti na vattabbaṃ. Nānāupāyehi viññūnaṃ ñāpanatthaṃ katārambhattā ca pana punaruttidosopettha na cintetabbo, aññadatthu saddhāsampannehi kulaputtehi ayaṃ saddanīti piṭakattayopakārāya sakkaccaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iti <span class="bld">abhibhavitā</span>padasadisāni <span class="bld">vattā, dhātā, gantā</span>dīni padāni dassitāni. Idāni ataṃsadisāni dassessāma. Seyyathidaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Guṇavā gaṇavā ceva, balavā yasavā tathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dhanavā sutavā vidvā, dhutavā katavāpi ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Hitavā <a name="M0.0192"></a> bhagavā ceva, dhitavā thāmavā tathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yatavā cāgavā cātha, himaviccādayo ravā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Punnapuṃsakaliṅgehi, <span class="bld">a</span>kārantehi pāyato;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Vantu</span>saddo paro hoti, tadantā guṇavādayo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saññāvā rasmivā ceva, massuvā ca yasassivā;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Iccādidassanāpeso, <span class="bld">ākārivaṇṇukāra</span>to;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Itthiliṅgādīsu hoti, katthacīti pakāsaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Satimā gatimā attha-dassimā dhitimā tathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mutimā matimā ceva, jutimā hirimāpi ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Thutimā ratimā ceva, yatimā balimā tathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kasimā sucimā dhīmā, rucimā cakkhumāpi ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bandhumā hetumā’yasmā, ketumā rāhumā tathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Khāṇumā bhāṇumā gomā, vijjumā vasumādayo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pāpimā puttimā ceva, candimiccādayopi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ataṃsadisasaddāti, viññātabbā vibhāvinā.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Ivaṇṇukārokāre</span>hi, <span class="bld">mantu</span>saddo paro bhave;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Ā</span>kārantā <span class="bld">ci</span>kārantā, <span class="bld">imantū</span>ti vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Guṇavā, guṇavā, guṇavanto. Guṇavantaṃ, guṇavante. Guṇavatā, guṇavantena, guṇavantehi, guṇavantebhi. Guṇavato, guṇavantassa, guṇavataṃ, guṇavantānaṃ. Guṇavatā, guṇavantā, guṇavantasmā, guṇavantamhā, guṇavantehi, guṇavantebhi. Guṇavato, guṇavantassa, guṇavataṃ, guṇavantānaṃ. Guṇavati, guṇavante, guṇavantasmiṃ, guṇavantamhi, guṇavantesu. Bho guṇavā, bhavanto guṇavā, bhonto guṇavanto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha <a name="M0.0193"></a> pana ‘‘etha tumhe āvuso sīlavāhothā’’ti ca,</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Balavanto dubbalā honti, thāmavantopi hāyare;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Cakkhumā andhikā honti, mātugāmavasaṃ gatā’’ti ca</p>
<p class="unindented"><span class="bld">Pāḷiyaṃ</span> ‘‘sīlavā, cakkhumā’’ti paṭhamābahuvacanassa dassanato ‘‘guṇavā’’ti paccattālapanaṭṭhāne bahuvacanaṃ vuttaṃ. ‘‘Guṇavā satimā’’tiādīsupi eseva nayo. <span class="bld">Cūḷaniruttiyampi</span> hi ‘‘guṇavā’’ti paccattālapanabahuvacanāni āgatāni, <span class="bld">niruttipiṭake</span> paccattekavacanabhāveneva āgataṃ, cūḷaniruttiyaṃ pana niruttipiṭake ca ‘‘bho guṇava’’iti rassavasena ālapanekavacanaṃ āgataṃ. Mayaṃ pana ‘‘taggha bhagavā bojjhaṅgā. Kathaṃ nu bhagavā tuyhaṃ sāvako sāsane rato’’tievamādīsu anekasatesu pāṭhesu ‘‘bhagavā’’iti ālapanekavacanassa dīghabhāvadassanato <span class="bld">vantu</span>paccayaṭṭhāne ‘‘bho guṇavā’’iccādi dīghavasena vacanaṃ yuttataraṃ viya maññāma, <span class="bld">mantu</span>paccayaṭṭhāne pana <span class="bld">imantu</span>paccayaṭṭhāne ca ‘‘sabbaverabhayātīta, pāde vandāmi cakkhuma. Evaṃ jānāhi pāpima’’iccādīsu pāḷipadesesu ‘‘cakkhuma’’iccādiālapanekavacanassa rassabhāvadassanato ‘‘bho satima, bho gatima’’iccādi rassavasena vacanaṃ yuttataraṃ viya maññāma, atha vā <span class="bld">mahāparinibbānasuttaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> ‘‘āyasmā tissa’’ itidīghavasena vuttālapanekavacanassa dassanato ‘‘bhagavā, āyasmā’’ itidīghavasena vuttapadamattaṃ ṭhapetvā <span class="bld">vantu</span>paccayaṭṭhānepi <span class="bld">mantu</span>paccayanayo netabbo, <span class="bld">mantu</span>paccayaṭṭhānepi <span class="bld">vantu</span>paccayanayo netabbo. Tathā hi <span class="bld">kaccāyanā</span>dīsu ‘‘bho guṇavaṃ, bho guṇava, bho guṇavā’’iti niggahītarassadīghavasena tīṇi ālapanekavacanāni vuttāni, iminā ‘‘bho satimaṃ, bho satima, bho satimā’’ti evamādinayopi dassito<a name="M0.0194"></a>. Paṭhamābahuvacanaṭṭhāne pana ‘‘guṇavanto, guṇavantā, guṇavantī’’ti tīṇi padāni vuttāni, imināpi ‘‘satimanto, satimantā, satimantī’’ti evamādinayopi dassito. Tesu ‘‘bho guṇavaṃ bho satimaṃ, guṇavantā, guṇavantī’’ti imāni padāni evaṃgatikāni ca aññāni padāni pāḷiyaṃ appasiddhāni yathā ‘‘āyasmantā’’ti padaṃ pasiddhaṃ, tasmā yaṃ cūḷaniruttiyaṃ vuttaṃ, yañca niruttipiṭake, yañca kaccāyanādīsu, taṃ sabbaṃ pāḷiyā aṭṭhakathāhi ca saddhiṃ yathā na virujjhati, gaṅgodakena yamunodakaṃ viya aññadatthu saṃsandati sameti, tathā gahetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apicettha ayampi viseso gahetabbo. Taṃ yathā? ‘‘Tuyhaṃ dhītā mahāvīra, paññavanta jutindharā’’ti <span class="bld">pāḷiyaṃ</span> ‘‘paññavanta’’iti ālapanekavacanassa dassanato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbā kirevaṃ pariniṭṭhitāni,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Yasassi naṃ paññavantaṃ visayha;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Yaso ca laddhā purimaṃ uḷāraṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nappajjahe vaṇṇabalaṃ purāṇa’’nti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Imissā jātakapāḷiyā <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> ‘‘paññavanta’’iti ālapanekavacanassa dassanato ca ‘‘bho guṇavanta, bho guṇavantā, bho satimanta, bho satimantā’’tiādīnipi ālapanekavacanāni avassamicchitabbāni. Tathā hi tissaṃ pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘yasassi paññavanta’’ iccālapanavacanaṃ aṭṭhakathācariyā icchanti. <span class="bld">Na</span>nti hi padapūraṇe nipātamattaṃ. <span class="bld">Paññavanta</span>nti pana chandānurakkhaṇatthaṃ anusārāgamaṃ katvā vuttaṃ. Evaṃ pāvacane <span class="bld">vantu</span>paccayādisahitānaṃ saddānaṃ ‘‘bhagavā, āyasmā, paññavanta, cakkhuma, pāpima’’itidassitanayena ālapanappavatti veditabbā. Ettha ca ‘‘gaṅgābhāgīrathī nāma, himavantā pabhāvitā’’ti ca ‘‘kuto āgatattha bhanteti, himavantā mahārājā’’ti ca dassanato <a name="M0.0195"></a> ‘‘guṇavantā’’ti pañcamiyā ekavacanaṃ kathitaṃ. Yathā <span class="bld">guṇavantu</span> saddassa nāmikapadamālā yojitā, evaṃ <span class="bld">dhanavantubalavantā</span>dīnaṃ <span class="bld">satimantu gatimantā</span>dīnañca nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">vidvā</span>dipadānaṃ <span class="bld">guṇavā</span>padena samānagatikattampi sotūnaṃ payogesu sammohāpagamatthaṃ ekadesato nibbacanādīhi saddhiṃ <span class="bld">vidvantu</span>iccādipakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate – ñāṇasaṅkhāto vedo assa atthīti vidvā, paṇḍito. Ettha ca <span class="bld">vidvā</span>saddassa atthibhāve ‘‘iti vidvā samaṃ care’’tiādi āhaccapāṭho nidassanaṃ. Atrāyaṃ padamālā – vidvā, vidvā, vidvanto. Vidvantaṃ, vidvante. Vidvatā, vidvantena. Sesaṃ sabbaṃ neyyaṃ. Vedanāvā, vedanāvā, vedanāvanto. Vedanāvantaṃ, vedanāvante. Vedanāvatā, vedanāvantena. Sesaṃ sabbaṃ neyyaṃ. Evaṃ ‘‘saññāvācetanāvā saddhāvā paññavā sabbāvā’’iccādīsupi. Ettha ca ‘‘vedanāvantaṃ vā attānaṃ sabbāvantaṃ loka’’ntiādīni nidassanapadāni. Tattha <span class="bld">sabbāvanta</span>nti sabbasattavantaṃ, sabbasattayuttanti attho. Majjhedīghañhi idaṃ padaṃ. Yebhuyyena pana ‘‘paññavāpaññavanto’’tiādīni majjherassānipi bhavanti. Yasassino parivārabhūtā janā assa atthīti yasassivā, atha vā yasassī ca yasassivā cāti yasassivā. Ekadesasarūpekasesoyaṃ. ‘‘Yasassivā’’ti padassa pana atthibhāve –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Khattiyo jātisampanno, abhijāto yasassivā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dhammarājā videhānaṃ, putto uppajjate tavā’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Idaṃ nidassanaṃ. ‘‘Yasassivā, yasassivā, yasassivanto. Yasassivantaṃ’’ iccādi netabbaṃ. Atthe dassanasīlaṃ atthadassi, kiṃ <a name="M0.0196"></a> taṃ? Ñāṇaṃ. Atthadassi assa atthīti <span class="bld">atthadassimā,</span> ettha ca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Taṃ tattha gatimā dhitimā, mutimā atthadassimā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saṅkhātā sabbadhammānaṃ, vidhuro etadabravī’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Idametassatthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ. ‘‘Atthadassimā, atthadassimā, atthadassimanto. Atthadassimantaṃ’’ iccādi netabbaṃ. Pāpaṃ assa atthīti <span class="bld">pāpimā,</span> akusalarāsisamannāgato māro. Puttā assa atthīti <span class="bld">puttimā,</span> bahuputto. ‘‘Socati puttehi puttimā’’ti ettha hi bahuputto ‘‘puttimā’’ti vuccati. Cando assa atthīti <span class="bld">candimā</span>. Candoti cettha candavimānamadhippetaṃ, candavimānavāsī pana devaputto ‘‘candimā’’ti. Tathā hi ‘‘cando uggato, pamāṇato cando āyāmavitthārato ubbedhato ca ekūnapaññāsayojano, parikkhepato tīhi yojanehi ūnadiyaḍḍhasatayojano’’tiādīsu candavimānaṃ ‘‘cando’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Tathāgataṃ arahantaṃ, candimā saraṇaṃ gato’’tiādīsu pana candadevaputto ‘‘candimā’’ti. Aparo nayo – cando assa atthīti <span class="bld">candimā</span>. Candoti cettha candadevaputto adhippeto, tannivāsaṭṭhānabhūtaṃ pana candavimānaṃ ‘‘candimā’’ti. Tathā hi ‘‘rāhu candaṃ pamuñcassu, cando maṇimayavimāne vasatī’’tiādīsu candadevaputto ‘‘cando’’ti vutto.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yo have daharo bhikkhu, yuñjati buddhasāsane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Somaṃlokaṃpabhāseti, abbhā muttova candimā’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādīsu pana tannivāsaṭṭhānabhūtaṃ candavimānaṃ ‘‘candimā’’ti vuttaṃ. Iti ‘‘cando’’ti ca ‘‘candimā’’ti ca candadevaputtassapi candavimānassapi <a name="M0.0197"></a> nāmanti veditabbaṃ. Tatra ‘‘pāpimā puttimā candimā’’ti imāni <span class="bld">pāpa</span>saddādito ‘‘tadassatthi’’ iccetasmiṃ atthe pavattassa <span class="bld">imantu</span>paccayassa vasena siddhimupāgatānīti gahetabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca bho <span class="bld">mantu</span>paccayavaseneva sādhetabbānīti? Na, katthacipi <span class="bld">a</span>kārantato <span class="bld">mantu</span>no abhāvā. Nanu ca bho evaṃ santepi <span class="bld">pāpa putta canda</span>to paṭhamaṃ <span class="bld">i</span>kārāgamaṃ katvā tato <span class="bld">mantu</span>paccayaṃ katvā sakkā sādhetunti? Sakkā rūpamattasijjhanato, nayo pana sobhano na hoti. Tathā hi <span class="bld">pāpa puttā</span>dito <span class="bld">a</span>kārantato <span class="bld">i</span>kārāgamaṃ katvā <span class="bld">mantu</span>paccaye vidhiyamāne aññehi <span class="bld">guṇayasā</span>dīhi <span class="bld">a</span>kārantehi <span class="bld">i</span>kārāgamaṃ katvā <span class="bld">mantu</span>paccayassa kātabbatāpasaṅgo siyā. Na hi anekesu pāḷisatasahassesu katthacipi <span class="bld">a</span>kārantato <span class="bld">guṇa yasā</span>dito ikārāgamena saddhiṃ <span class="bld">mantu</span>paccayo dissati, aṭṭhānattā pana <span class="bld">pāpa puttā</span>dito <span class="bld">a</span>kārantato <span class="bld">i</span>kārāgamaṃ akatvā <span class="bld">imantu</span>paccaye kateyeva ‘‘pāpimā puttimā’’tiādīni sijjhantīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ santepi bho kasmā <span class="bld">kaccāyana</span>ppakaraṇe <span class="bld">mantu</span>paccayova vutto, na <span class="bld">imantu</span>paccayoti? Dvayampi vuttameva. Kathaṃ ñāyatīti ce? Yasmā tattha ‘‘tapādito sī, daṇḍādito ika ī, madhvādito ro, guṇādito vantū’’ti imāni cattāri suttāni sannihita<span class="bld">to</span>dantasaddabhāvena vatvā majjhe ‘‘satyādīhi mantū’’ti aññathā suttaṃ vatvā tato sannihita<span class="bld">to</span>dantavasena ‘‘saddhādito ṇā’’ti suttaṃ vuttaṃ, tasmā tattha ‘‘satyādīhimantū’’ti visadisaṃ katvā vuttassa suttassa vasena <span class="bld">imantu</span> paccayo ca vuttoti viññāyati. <span class="bld">Pakati hesācariyānaṃ yena kenaci ākārena attano adhippāyaviññāpanaṃ</span>. Ettha ca dutiyo attho sarasandhivasena gahetabbo. Tathā hissa ‘‘satyādīhi mantū’’ti <a name="M0.0198"></a> paṭhamo attho, ‘‘satyādīhi imantū’’ti dutiyo attho. Iti ‘‘seto dhāvatī’’ti payoge viya ‘‘satyādīhi mantū’’ti sutte bhinnasattisamavetavasena atthadvayapaṭipatti bhavati, tasmā paramasukhumasugambhīratthavatā anena suttena katthaci <span class="bld">sati gati setu go</span>iccādito <span class="bld">mantu</span>paccayo icchito. Katthaci <span class="bld">sati pāpa putta</span>iccādito <span class="bld">imantu</span>paccayo icchitoti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā pana <span class="bld">sati</span>saddo <span class="bld">mantu</span>vasena <span class="bld">gatidhīsethugo</span> iccādīhi, <span class="bld">imantu</span>vasena <span class="bld">pāpaputtā</span>dīhi ca samānagatikattā tesaṃ pakārabhāvena gahito, tasmā evaṃ suttattho bhavati ‘‘satyādīhi mantu satippakārehi saddehi <span class="bld">mantu</span>paccayo hoti <span class="bld">imantu</span>paccayo ca yathārahaṃ ‘tadassatthi’ iccetasmiṃ atthe’’ti. Ayaṃ panettha adhippāyo – yathā ‘‘satimā’’ti ettha satīti <span class="bld">i</span>kārantato <span class="bld">mantu</span>paccayo hoti, tathā ‘‘gatimā, dhīmā, setumā, gomā’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">i</span>kāranta <span class="bld">ī</span>kāranta <span class="bld">u</span>kārantani<span class="bld">cco</span>kārantato <span class="bld">mantu</span>paccayo hoti. Yathā ca ‘‘satimā’’ti ettha ‘‘satī’’ti <span class="bld">i</span>kārantato <span class="bld">imantu</span>paccayo hoti, tathā ‘‘gatimā, pāpimā, puttimā’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">i</span>kāranta <span class="bld">a</span>kārantato <span class="bld">imantu</span>paccayo hoti. Evaṃ satippakārehi saddehi yathāsambhavaṃ <span class="bld">mantu imantu</span>paccayā hontīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yajjevaṃ paccayadvayavidhāyakaṃ ‘‘daṇḍādito ika ī’’ti suttaṃ viya ‘‘satyādito imantu mantū’’ti vattabbaṃ, kasmā nāvocāti? Tathā avacane kāraṇamatthi. Yadi hi ‘‘daṇḍādito ika ī’’ti suttaṃ viya ‘‘satyādito imantu mantū’’ti suttaṃ vuttaṃ siyā, ekakkhaṇeyeva <span class="bld">imantu mantūnaṃ</span> vacanena <span class="bld">daṇḍa</span>saddato sambhūtaṃ ‘‘daṇḍiko daṇḍī’’ti rūpadvayamiva <span class="bld">satigati</span>āditopi visadisarūpadvayamicchitabbaṃ siyā, tañca natthi, tasmā <a name="M0.0199"></a> ‘‘satyādito imantu mantū’’ti na vuttaṃ. Apica tathā vutte bavhakkharatāya ganthagarutā siyā. Yasmā ca suttena nāma appakkharena asandiddhena sāravantena gūḷhaninnayena sabbatomukhena anavajjena bhavitabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Kaccāyane</span> ca yebhuyyena tādisāni gambhīratthāni suvisadañāṇavisayabhūtāni suttāni dissanti ‘‘upājhadhikissaravacane, sarā sare lopa’’ntiādīni, idampi tesamaññataraṃ, tasmā ‘‘satyādito imantu mantū’’ti na vuttaṃ. Evaṃ suttopadese akatepi <span class="bld">imantu</span>nopi gahaṇatthaṃ bhinnasattisamavetavasena ‘‘satyādīhi mantū’’ti vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">A</span>paro nayo – ‘‘tapādito sī’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">to</span>dantasaddassa bahuvacanantatā na suṭṭhu pākaṭā <span class="bld">to</span>paccayassa ekatthabavhatthesu vattanato, ‘‘satyādīhi mantū’’ti ettha pana <span class="bld">hi</span>saddassa bahuvacanatthatā atīva pākaṭā, tasmā bahuvacanaggahaṇena <span class="bld">imantu</span> paccayo hotītipi daṭṭhabbaṃ. Nanu ca bho vināpi <span class="bld">imantu</span>paccayena pāpamassatthīti pāpī, pāpī eva pāpimāti sakatthe <span class="bld">mā</span>paccaye kateyeva ‘‘pāpimā puttimā’’tiādīni sijjhanti ‘‘chaṭṭhamo so parābhavo’’ti ettha <span class="bld">ma</span>paccayena ‘‘chaṭṭhamo’’ti padaṃ viyāti? Atinayaññū bhavaṃ, atinayaññū nāmāti bhavaṃ vattabbo, na pana bhavaṃ saddagatiṃ jānāti, saddagatiyo ca nāma bahuvidhā. Tathā hi chaṭṭhoyeva chaṭṭhamo, ‘‘suttameva suttanto’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena yojetabbā saddagati, ‘‘devoyeva devatā’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">kaññā</span>nayena yojetabbā saddagati, ‘‘diṭṭhi eva diṭṭhigata’’ntiādīsu <span class="bld">citta</span>nayena yojetabbā saddagati. Evaṃvidhāsu saddagatīsu ‘‘pāpī eva pāpimā’’tiādikaṃ kataraṃ saddagatiṃ vadesi? ‘‘Satthā rājā brahmā sakhā attā sā pumā’’tiādīsu <a name="M0.0200"></a> ca kataraṃ saddagatiṃ vadesi? Katarasaddantogadhaṃ katarāya ca nāmikapadamālāyaṃ yojetabbaṃ maññasīti? So evaṃ puṭṭho addhā uttari kiñci adisvā tuṇhī bhavissati, tasmā tādiso nayo na gahetabbo. Tādisasmiñhi naye ‘‘pāpimatā pāpimato’’tiādīni rūpāni na sijjhanti, <span class="bld">imantu</span>paccayanayena pana sijjhanti, tasmā ayameva nayo pasatthataro āyasmantehi sammā citte ṭhapetabbo. Atridaṃ nidassanaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Jayo hi buddhassa sirīmato ayaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Mārassa ca pāpimato parājayo;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Ugghosayuṃ bodhimaṇḍe pamoditā,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Jayaṃ tadā devagaṇā mahesino’’ti ca,</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Sākhāpattaphalūpeto, khandhimāvamahādumo’’ti ca.</p>
<p class="unindented">Pāpimā, pāpimā, pāpimanto. Pāpimantaṃ. Sesaṃ neyyaṃ, esa nayo ‘‘khandhimā, puttimā’’tiādīsupi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni yathāpāvacanaṃ kiñcideva <span class="bld">himavantu satimantā</span>dīnaṃ visesaṃ brūma. Himavantova pabbato. Satimaṃ bhikkhuṃ. Bandhumaṃ rājānaṃ. Candimaṃ devaputtaṃ. Satimassa bhikkhuno. Bandhumassa rañño. Iddhimassa ca parassa ca ekakkhaṇe cittaṃ uppajjati. Iccādi viseso veditabbo. Apicettha ‘‘āyasmantā’’ti dvinnaṃ vattabbavacanaṃ, ‘‘āyasmanto’’ti bahūnaṃ vattabbavacananti ayampi viseso veditabbo. Tathā hi ‘‘dvinnaṃ ārocentena ‘āyasmantā dhārentū’ti, tiṇṇaṃ ārocentena ‘āyasmanto dhārentū’ti vattabba’’nti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Tiṇṇa’’nti cettha kathāsīsamattaṃ, tena catunnampi pañcannampi atirekasatānampīti dassitaṃ <a name="M0.0201"></a> hoti. Bahavohi upādāya ‘‘uddiṭṭhā kho āyasmanto cattāro pārājikā dhammā’’tiādikā pāḷiyo ṭhapitā. Tattha ‘‘āyasmantā’’tidaṃ vinayavohāravasena dveyeva sandhāya vuttattā na sabbasādhāraṇaṃ. Vinayavohārañhi vajjetvā aññasmiṃ vohāre na pavattati. ‘‘Āyasmanto’’tidaṃ pana sabbattha pavattatīti dvinnaṃ viseso veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra ‘‘himavanto’’ti idaṃ yebhuyyenekavacanaṃ bhavati, katthaci bahuvacanampi, tenāha <span class="bld">niruttipiṭake</span> thero ‘‘himavā tiṭṭhati, himavanto tiṭṭhantī’’ti. ‘‘Himavantova pabbato’’ti ayaṃ ekavacananayo yathārutapāḷivasena gahetabbo. Yathārutapāḷi ca nāma –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dūre santo pakāsanti, himavantova pabbato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Asantettha na dissanti, rattiṃ khittā yathā sarā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ahaṃ tena samayena, nāgarājā mahiddhiko;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atulo nāma nāmena, puññavanto jutindharo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Gatimanto satimanto, dhitimanto ca so isi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saddhammadhārako thero, ānando ratanākaro’’</p>
<p class="unindented">Iccādi. Ettha ‘‘puññavanto’’tiādīni anekesu ṭhānesu bahuvacanabhāvena punappunaṃ vadantānipi katthaci ekavacanāni honti, ekavacanabhāvo ca nesaṃ gāthāvisaye dissati, tasmā tāni yathāpāvacanaṃ gahetabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <span class="bld">himavantusatimantu</span>saddādīnaṃ visesaṃ ñatvā puna liṅgantavasena dviliṅgakapadānamattho ca pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālā ca padānaṃ sadisāsadisatā ca vavatthapetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra <a name="M0.0202"></a> hi ‘‘sirimā’’ti padaṃ sutisāmaññavasena liṅgadvaye vattanato dvidhā bhijjati. ‘‘Sirimā puriso’’ti hi atthe <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantaṃ pulliṅgaṃ, ‘‘sirimā nāma devī’’ti atthe <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantaṃ itthiliṅgaṃ, ubhayampetaṃ <span class="bld">u</span>kārantatāpakatikā. Atha vā pana pacchimaṃ <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantatāpakatikaṃ, sirī yassa atthi so sirimāti pulliṅgavasena nibbacanaṃ, sirī yassā atthi sā sirimāti itthiliṅgavasena nibbacanaṃ. Atrimāni kiñcāpi sutivasena nibbacanatthavasena ca aññamaññaṃ samānatthāni, tathāpi purisapadatthaitthipadatthavācakattā bhinnatthānīti veditabbāni. Esa nayo aññesupi īdisesu ṭhānesu netabbo. Sirimā, sirimā, sirimanto. Sirimantaṃ, sirimante. Sirimatā, sirimantena. <span class="bld">Guṇavantu</span>saddasseva nāmikapadamālā. Sirimā, sirimā, sirimāyo. Sirimaṃ, sirimā, sirimāyo. Sirimāya. Vakkhamāna<span class="bld">kaññā</span>nayena ñeyyā. Evaṃ dvidhā bhinnānaṃ samānasutikasaddānaṃ nāmikapadamālāsu padānaṃ sadisāsadisatā vavatthapetabbā. Samānanibbacanatthassapi hi asamānasutikassa ‘‘sirimā’’ti saddassa nāmikapadamālāyaṃ padānaṃ imehi padehi kācipi samānatā na labbhati. Atridaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sirimā’’ti padaṃ dvedhā, pumitthīsu pavattito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhijjatīti vibhāveyya, ettha pulliṅgamicchitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iti <span class="bld">abhibhavitā</span> padena visadisāni <span class="bld">guṇavāsatimā</span>dīni padāni dassitāni saddhiṃ nāmikapadamālāhi. Idāni aparānipi tabbisadisāni padāni dassessāma saddhiṃ nāmikapadamālāhi. Seyyathidaṃ?</p>
<p class="gatha1">Rājā brahmā sakhā attā, ātumā sā pumā rahā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Daḷhadhammā ca paccakkha-dhammā ca vivaṭacchadā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vattahā <a name="M0.0203"></a> ca tathā vutta-sirā ceva yuvāpi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Maghava addha muddhādi, viññātabbā vibhāvinā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ‘‘sā’’ti padameva <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantatāpakatikamākārantaṃ, sesāni pana <span class="bld">a</span>kārantatāpakatikāni <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Rājā, rājā, rājāno. Rājānaṃ, rājaṃ, rājāno. Raññā, rājinā, rājūhi, rājūbhi. Rañño, rājino, raññaṃ, rājūnaṃ, rājānaṃ. Raññā, rājūhi, rājūbhi. Rañño, rājino, raññaṃ, rājūnaṃ, rājānaṃ. Raññe, rājini, rājūsu. Bho rāja, bhavanto rājāno, bhavanto rājā iti vā, ayamamhākaṃ ruci.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Niruttipiṭakā</span>dīsu ‘‘rājā’’ti bahuvacanaṃ na āgataṃ, <span class="bld">cūḷaniruttiyaṃ</span> pana āgataṃ. Kiñcāpi niruttipiṭakādīsu na āgataṃ, tathāpi ‘‘netādisā sakhā honti, labbhā me jīvato sakhā’’ti pāḷiyaṃ bahuvacanekavacanavasena ‘‘sakhā’’ti padassa dassanato ‘‘rājā’’ti bahuvacanaṃ icchitabbameva. Tathā ‘‘brahmā, attā’’iccādīnipi bahuvacanāni taggatikattā vinā kenaci rūpavisesena.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca ‘‘gahapatiko nāma ṭhapetvā rājaṃ rājabhogaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ avaseso gahapatiko nāmā’’ti dassanato rājanti vuttaṃ, idaṃ pana niruttipiṭake na āgataṃ. ‘‘Sabbadattena rājinā’’ti dassanato ‘‘rājinā’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Ārādhayati rājānaṃ, pūjaṃ labhati bhattusū’’ti dassanato catutthīchaṭṭhīvasena ‘‘rājāna’’nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Kaccāyanarūpasiddhi</span>ganthesu pana ‘‘rājena, rājehi, rājebhi. Rājesū’’ti padāni vuttāni. Cūḷaniruttiniruttipiṭakesu tāni nāgatāni, anāgatabhāvoyeva tesaṃ yuttataro pāḷiyaṃ adassanato, tasmā etthetāni <a name="M0.0204"></a> amhehi na vuttāni. Pāḷinaye hi upaparikkhiyamāne īdisāni padāni samāseyeva passāma, na panāññatra, atrime payogā – ‘‘āvutthaṃ dhammarājenā’’ti ca, ‘‘sivirājena pesito’’ti ca, ‘‘pajāpatissa devarājassa dhajagga’’nti ca, ‘‘nikkhamante mahārāje, sivīnaṃ raṭṭhavaḍḍhane’’ti ca, evaṃ pāḷinaye upaparikkhiyamāne ‘‘rājenā’’tiādīni samāseyeva passāma, na kevalaṃ pāḷinaye porāṇaṭṭhakathānayepi upaparikkhiyamāne samāseyeva passāma, na panāññatra, evaṃ santepi suṭṭhu upaparikkhitabbamidaṃ ṭhānaṃ. Ko hi nāma sāṭṭhakathe tepiṭake buddhavacane sabbaso nayaṃ sallakkhetuṃ samattho aññatra pabhinnapaṭisambhidehi khīṇāsavehi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca samāsantagata<span class="bld">rāja</span>-saddassa nāmikapadamālāyo dvidhā vuccante <span class="bld">okārantākāranta</span>vasena. Ta<span class="bld">tro</span>kārantā ‘‘mahārājo yuvarājo sivirājo dhammarājo’’iccevamādayo bhavanti. <span class="bld">Ā</span>kārantā pana ‘‘mahārājā yuvarājā sivirājā dhammarājā’’iccevamādayo. Ettha kiñcāpi pāḷiyaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathāsu ca ‘‘mahārājo’’tiādīni na santi, tathāpi ‘‘sabbamitto sabbasakho, sabbabhūtānukampako’’ti pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘sabbasakho’’ti dassanato ‘‘mahārājo’’tiādīnipi avassamicchitabbāni. Tathā hi samāsesu ‘‘dhammarājena, dhammarājassā’’tiādīni dissanti. Etāni okārantarūpāni eva, <span class="bld">nā</span>kārantarūpāni. Mahārājo, mahārājā. Mahārājaṃ, mahārāje. Mahārājena, mahārājehi, mahārājebhi. Mahārājassa, mahārājānaṃ. Mahārājā, mahārājasmā, mahārājamhā, mahārājehi, mahārājebhi. Mahārājassa, mahārājānaṃ. Mahārāje, mahārājasmiṃ, mahārājamhi, mahārājesu. Bho mahārāja, bhavanto mahārājā<a name="M0.0205"></a>. <span class="bld">Kaccāyanacūḷanirutti</span>nayehi pana ‘‘bho mahārājā’’iti ekavacanabahuvacanānipi daṭṭhabbāni. Yathā ‘‘mahārājo’’ti <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapadassa vasena, evaṃ ‘‘sivirājo dhammarājo devarājo’’tiādīnampi <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapadānaṃ vasena pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ <span class="bld">panā</span>kārantavasena nāmikapadamālā –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mahārājā, mahārājā, mahārājāno. Mahārājānaṃ, mahārājaṃ, mahārājāno. Mahāraññā, mahārājinā, mahārājūhi, mahārājūbhi. Mahārañño, mahārājino, mahāraññaṃ, mahārājūnaṃ. Mahāraññā, mahārājūhi, mahārājūbhi. Mahārañño, mahārājino, mahāraññaṃ, mahārājūnaṃ. Mahāraññe, mahārājini, mahārājūsu. Bho mahārāja, bhavanto mahārājāno.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idhāpi pakaraṇadvayanayena ‘‘bho mahārājā’’ iti ekavacanabahuvacanānipi daṭṭhabbāni. Yathā ca ‘‘mahārājā’’ti <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantapadassa vasena, evaṃ ‘‘sivirājā, dhammarājā, devarājā’’tiādīnampi <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantapadānaṃ vasena pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idha aparāpi atthassa pākaṭīkaraṇatthaṃ kriyāpadehi saddhiṃ yojetvā <span class="bld">ākārantokārantānaṃ</span> missakavasena nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mahārājā, mahārājo tiṭṭhati, mahārājāno, mahārājā tiṭṭhanti. Mahārājānaṃ, mahārājaṃ passati, mahārājāno, mahārāje passati. Mahāraññā, mahārājinā, mahārājena kataṃ, mahārājūhi, mahārājūbhi, mahārājehi, mahārājebhi kataṃ. Mahārañño, mahārājino, mahārājassa dīyate, mahāraññā, mahārājā, mahārājasmā, mahārājamhā nissaṭaṃ, mahārājūhi, mahārājūbhi, mahārājehi<a name="M0.0206"></a>, mahārājebhi nissaṭaṃ. Mahārañño, mahārājino, mahārājassa pariggaho, mahāraññaṃ, mahārājūnaṃ, mahārājānaṃ pariggaho. Mahāraññe, mahārājini, mahārāje, mahārājasmiṃ, mahārājamhi patiṭṭhitaṃ, mahārājūsu, mahārājesu patiṭṭhitaṃ. Bho mahārāja tvaṃ tiṭṭha, bhonto mahārājāno, mahārājā tumhe tiṭṭhathāti. Evaṃ ‘‘yuvarājā, yuvarājo’’tiādīsupi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kecettha vadeyyuṃ ‘‘kasmā pakaraṇakattunā imasmiṃ ṭhāne mahanto vāyāmo ca mahanto ca parakkamo kato, nanvetesupi padesu kānici buddhavacane vijjanti, kānici na vijjantīti? Viññūhi te evaṃ vattabbā ‘‘pakaraṇakattārenettha so ca mahanto vāyāmo so ca mahanto parakkamo sāṭṭhakathe navaṅge satthusāsane saddesu ca atthesu ca sotārānaṃ suṭṭhu kosalluppādanena sāsanassopakāratthaṃ kato, yāni cetāni tena padāni dassitāni, etesu kānici buddhavacane vijjanti, kānici na vijjanti. Ettha yāni buddhavacane vijjanti, tāni vijjamānavasena gahitāni. Yāni na vijjanti, tāni porāṇaṭṭhakathādīsu vijjamānavasena pāḷinayavasena ca gahitānī’’ti. Atrāyaṃ saṅkhepato adhippāyavibhāvanā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Idaṃ vatvā mahārājā, kaṃso bārāṇasiggaho;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dhanuṃ tūṇiñca nikkhippa, saṃyamaṃ ajjhupāgamī’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Idaṃ <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantassa <span class="bld">mahārāja</span>saddassa nidassanaṃ. Yasmā ‘‘sabbasakho’’ti pāḷi vijjati, tasmā tena nayena ‘‘mahārājo’’tipi <span class="bld">o</span>kāranto diṭṭho nāma hoti <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena yojetabbo ca. Teneva ca ‘‘tamabravi mahārājā. Nikkhamante mahārāje’’tiādīni dissanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M0.0207"></a> <span class="bld">mahārāja</span>saddassa <span class="bld">o</span>kārantatte siddhe ‘‘mahārājā, mahārājasmā, mahārājamhā’’ti pañcamiyā ekavacanañca ‘‘mahārāje, mahārājasmiṃ, mahārājamhī’’ti sattamiyā ekavacanañca siddhāni eva honti pāḷiyaṃ avijjamānānampi nayavasena gahetabbattā. ‘‘Rājena, rājassā’’tiādīni pana nayavasena gahetabbāni na honti. Kasmāti ce? Yasmā ‘‘rājā brahmā sakhā attā’’iccevamādīni ‘‘puriso urago’’tiādīni viya aññamaññaṃ sabbathā sadisāni na honti. Tathā hi nesaṃ ‘‘raññā brahmunā sakhinā attanā attena sānā pumunā’’tiādīni visadisānipi rūpāni bhavanti, tasmā tāni na sakkā nayavasena jānituṃ. Evaṃ dujjānattā pana pāḷiyaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathāsu ca yathārutapadāneva gahetabbāni. <span class="bld">Mahārāja</span>saddādīnaṃ pana <span class="bld">o</span>kārantabhāve siddheyeva <span class="bld">‘‘purisa</span>nayogadhā ime saddā’’ti nayaggahaṇaṃ dissati, tasmā amhehi nayavasena ‘‘mahārājā, mahārājasmā’’tiādīni vuttāni. Yathā hi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Etañhi te durājānaṃ, yaṃ sesi matasāyikaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yassa te kaḍḍhamānassa, hatthā daṇḍona muccatī’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Ettha ‘‘hatthā’’ti, ‘‘attadaṇḍā bhayaṃ jāta’’nti ettha pana ‘‘daṇḍā’’ti ca <span class="bld">o</span>kārantassa pañcamiyekavacanassa dassanato ‘‘uragā, paṭaṅgā, vihagā’’tiādīnipi <span class="bld">o</span>kārantāni pañcamiyekavacanāni gahetabbāni honti. Yathā ca ‘‘dāṭhini mātimaññavho, siṅgālo mama pāṇado’’ti ettha ‘‘maññavho’’ti, ‘‘suddhā suddhehi saṃvāsaṃ, kappayavho patissatā’’ti ettha pana ‘‘kappayavho’’ti ca kriyāpadassa dassanato ‘‘gacchavho, bhuñjavho, sayavho’’tiādīnipi gahetabbāni honti. Gaṇhanti ca tādisāni padarūpāni sāsane sukusalā kusalā, tasmā amhehipi nayaggāhavasena ‘‘mahārājā<a name="M0.0208"></a>, mahārājasmā’’tiādīni vuttāni. Nayaggāhavasena pana gahaṇe asati kathaṃ nāmikapadamālā paripuṇṇā bhavissanti, satiyeva tasmiṃ paripuṇṇā bhavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā hi buddhavacane anekasatasahassāni nāmikapadāni kriyāpadāni ca pāṭiekkaṃ pāṭiekkaṃ ekavacanabahuvacanakāhi sattahi aṭṭhahi vā nāmavibhattīhi channavutiyā ca ākhyātikavacanehi yojitāni na santi, nayavasena pana santiyeva, iti nayavasena ‘‘mahārājā, mahārājasmā’’tiādīni amhehi ṭhapitāni. ‘‘Mahārājā tiṭṭhanti, mahārājā tumhe tiṭṭhathā’’ti imāni pana ‘‘atha kho cattāro mahārājā mahatiyā ca yakkhasenāya mahatiyā ca kumbhaṇḍasenāyā’’ti dassanato,</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Cattāro te mahārājā, samantā caturo disā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Daddaḷhamānā aṭṭhaṃsu, vane kāpilavatthave’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Dassanato ca vuttāni. ‘‘Mahārāja’’ntiādīnipi pāḷiñca pāḷinayañca disvā eva vuttāni. Asamāse ‘‘rājaṃ, rājenā’’tiādīni na passāma, tasmā suṭṭhu vicāretabbamidaṃ ṭhānaṃ. Idañhi duddasaṃ vīrajātinā jānitabbaṭṭhānaṃ. Sace panāyasmanto buddhavacane vā porāṇikāsu vā aṭṭhakathāsu asamāse ‘‘rājaṃ, rājenā’’tiādīni passeyyātha, tadā sādhukaṃ manasi karotha. Ko hi nāma sabbappakārena buddhavacane vohārappabhedaṃ jānituṃ samattho aññatra pabhinnapaṭisambhidehi mahākhīṇāsavehi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vītataṇho anādāno, niruttipadakovido;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Akkharānaṃ sannipātaṃ, jaññā pubbāparāni cā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Brahmā<a name="M0.0209"></a>, brahmā, brahmāno. Brahmānaṃ, brahmaṃ, brahmāno. Brahmunā, brahmehi, brahmebhi, brahmūhi, brahmūbhi. Brahmassa, brahmuno, brahmānaṃ, brahmūnaṃ. Brahmunā, brahmehi, brahmebhi, brahmūhi, brahmūbhi. Brahmassa, brahmuno, brahmānaṃ, brahmūnaṃ. Brahmani, brahmesu, bho brahma, bho brahme, bhavanto brahmāno.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yamakamahāthera</span>ruciyā ‘‘bho brahmā’’iti bahuvacanaṃ vā. Ettha pana ‘‘paṇḍitapurisehi devehi brahmūhī’’ti <span class="bld">ṭīkā</span>vacanassa dassanato, ‘‘brahmūnaṃ vacīghoso hotī’’ti ca ‘‘brahmūnaṃ vimānādīsu chandarāgo kāmāsavo na hotī’’ti ca <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathā</span>vacanassa dassanato, ‘‘vihiṃsasaññī paguṇaṃ na bhāsiṃ, dhammaṃ paṇītaṃ manujesu brahme’’ti āhaccabhāsitassa ca dassanato ‘‘brahmūhi, brahmūbhi, brahmūnaṃ, brahme’’ti padāni vuttāni, etāni cūḷaniruttiniruttipiṭakakaccāyanesu na āgatāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sakhā, sakhā, sakhino, sakhāno, sakhāyo. Sakhaṃ, sakhāraṃ, sakhānaṃ, sakhino, sakhāno, sakhāyo. Sakhinā, sakhārehi, sakhārebhi, sakhehi, sakhebhi. Sakhissa, sakhino, sakhīnaṃ, sakhārānaṃ, sakhānaṃ. Sakhārasmā, sakhinā, sakhārehi, sakhārebhi, sakhehi, sakhebhi. Sakhissa, sakhino, sakhīnaṃ, sakhārānaṃ, sakhānaṃ. Sakhe, sakhesu, sakhāresu. Bho sakha, bho sakhā, bho sakhi, bho sakhī, bho sakhe, bhavanto sakhino, sakhāno, sakhāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yamakamahāthera</span>matena ‘‘bho sakhā’’iti bahuvacanaṃ vā. Pāḷiyaṃ pana <span class="bld">suvaṇṇakakkaṭajātake</span> ‘‘hare sakhā kissa nu maṃ jahāsī’’ti dīghavasena vutto <span class="bld">sakhā</span>saddo ālapanekavacanaṃ, tasmā yamakamahātheranayo na yujjatīti ce<a name="M0.0210"></a>? No na yujjati. Yasmā ‘‘netādisā sakhā honti, labbhā me jīvato sakhā’’ti <span class="bld">manojajātake sakhā</span>saddo ekavacanampi hoti bahuvacanampi. Tathā hi tattha paṭhamapāde bahuvacanaṃ, dutiyapāde panekavacanaṃ, tasmā yamakamahātherena paccattālapanabahuvacanaṭṭhāne <span class="bld">sakhā</span>saddo vutto. Ettha ca ‘‘sabbamitto sabbasakho, sabbabhūtānukampako’’ti pāṭhānulomena samāse labbhamānassa <span class="bld">sakha</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā bhavati ‘‘sabbasakho, sabbasakhā, sabbasakhaṃ, sabbasakhe’’tiādinā <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena. Tatrāyaṃ samāsaviggaho – sabbesaṃ janānaṃ sakhā, sabbe vā janā sakhino etassāti sabbasakho, yathā sabbaverīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Attā, attā, attāno. Attānaṃ, attaṃ, attāno. Attanā, attena, attanehi, attanebhi. Attano, attānaṃ. Attanā, attanehi, attanebhi. Attano, attānaṃ. Attani, attanesu. Bho atta, bhavanto attā, bhonto attāno.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana attaṃ niraṅkatvāna piyāni sevati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sace gacchasi pañcālaṃ, khippa’mattaṃ jahissasi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Migaṃ panthānupannaṃva, mahantaṃ bhayamessatī’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Pāḷīsu ‘‘atta’’nti dassanato ‘‘atta’’nti idha vuttaṃ, ‘‘attena vā attaniyena vā’’ti pāḷidassanato pana ‘‘attenā’’ti. <span class="bld">Cūḷaniruttiyaṃ</span> pana ‘‘attassā’’ti catutthīchaṭṭhīnamekavacanaṃ āgataṃ, etaṃ kaccāyane niruttipiṭake ca na dissati. Katthaci pana ‘‘attesū’’ti āgataṃ. Sabbānetāni sāṭṭhakathaṃ jinatantiṃ oloketvā gahetabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ātumā<a name="M0.0211"></a>, ātumā, ātumāno. Ātumānaṃ, ātumaṃ, ātumāno. Ātumena, ātumehi, ātumebhī’’tiādinā <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena vatvā ‘‘bho ātuma, bhavanto ātumā, ātumāno’’ti vattabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra <span class="bld">atta</span>saddassa samāse ‘‘bhāvitatto, bhāvitattā. Bhāvitattaṃ, bhāvitatte. Bhāvitattena, bhāvitattehi, bhāvitattebhī’’ti <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayeneva nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sā, sā, sāno. Sānaṃ, sāne. Sānā, sānehi, sānebhi. Sāssa, sānaṃ. Sānā, sānehi, sānebhi. Sāssa, sānaṃ. Sāne, sānesu. Bho sā, bhavanto sāno. <span class="bld">Sā</span> vuccati sunakho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca ‘‘na yattha sā upaṭṭhito hoti. Sāva vārenti sūkara’’nti nidassanapadāni. Keci pana <span class="bld">sā</span>saddassa dutiyātatiyādīsu ‘‘saṃ, se. Senā’’tiādīni rūpāni vadanti, taṃ na yuttaṃ. Na hi tāni ‘‘saṃ, se. Senā’’tiādīni rūpāni buddhavacane ceva aṭṭhakathādīsu ca niruttipiṭake ca dissanti. Evaṃ pana <span class="bld">niruttipiṭake</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘sā tiṭṭhati, sāno tiṭṭhanti. Sānaṃ passati, sāne passati. Sānā kataṃ, sānehi kataṃ, sānebhi kataṃ. Sāssa dīyate, sānaṃ dīyate. Sānā nissaṭaṃ, sānehi nissaṭaṃ, sānebhi nissaṭaṃ. Sāssa pariggaho, sānaṃ pariggaho. Sāne patiṭṭhitaṃ, sānesu patiṭṭhitaṃ. Bho sā, bhavanto sāno’’ti, tasmā niruttipiṭake vuttanayeneva nāmikapadamālā gahetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atridaṃ <a name="M0.0212"></a> vattabbaṃ – yathā ‘‘sehi dārehi asantuṭṭho’’tiādīsu pulliṅge vattamānassa ‘‘sako’’iti atthavācakassa sasaddassa ‘‘attano ayanti so’’ti etasmiṃ atthe ‘‘so, sā. Saṃ, se. Sena, sehi, sebhi. Sassa, sānaṃ. Sā, sasmā, samhā, sehi, sebhi. Sassa, sānaṃ. Se, sasmiṃ, samhi, sesū’’ti <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena rūpāni bhavanti, na tathā sunakhavācakassa <span class="bld">sā</span>saddassa rūpāni bhavanti. Yathā vā ‘‘hiṃsanti attasambhūtā, tacasāraṃva saṃ phalaṃ. Sāni kammāni tappenti, kosalaṃ sena’santuṭṭhaṃ, jīvaggāhaṃ agāhayī’’tiādīsu napuṃsakaliṅge vattamānassa sakamiccatthavācakassa <span class="bld">sa</span>saddassa ‘‘saṃ, sāni, sā. Saṃ, sāni, se. Sena, sehi, sebhi. Sassa, sānaṃ. Sā, sasmā, samhā, sehi, sebhi. Sassa, sānaṃ. Se, sasmiṃ, samhi, sesū’’ti <span class="bld">citta</span>nayena rūpāni bhavanti, na tathā sunakhavācakassa <span class="bld">sā</span>saddassa rūpāni bhavanti. Evaṃ sante kasmā tehi ācariyehi dutiyātatiyāṭhāne ‘‘saṃ, se. Senā’’ti vuttaṃ, kasmā ca pañcamīṭhāne ‘‘sā, sasmā, samhā’’ti vuttaṃ, sattamīṭhāne ca ‘‘se, sasmiṃ, samhī’’ti ca vuttaṃ? Sabbametaṃ akāraṇaṃ, takkagāhamattena gahitaṃ akāraṇaṃ. Sunakhavācako hi <span class="bld">sā</span>saddo <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantatāpakatiko, na <span class="bld">purisa citta</span>saddādayo viya <span class="bld">a</span>kārantatāpakatiko. Yāya imassa īdisāni rūpāni siyuṃ, sā ca pakati natthi. Na ceso ‘‘rājā, brahmā, sakhā, attā’’ iccevamādayo viya paṭhamaṃ <span class="bld">a</span>kārantabhāve ṭhatvā pacchā paṭiladdha<span class="bld">ā</span>kārantatā, atha kho nicca<span class="bld">mo</span>kārantatāpakatiko <span class="bld">go</span>saddo viya nicca<span class="bld">mā</span>kārantatāpakatiko. Nicca<span class="bld">mā</span>kārantatāpakatikassa ca <span class="bld">e</span>varūpāni rūpāni na bhavanti, tasmā <span class="bld">niruttipiṭake</span> pabhinnapaṭisambhidena āyasmatā <span class="bld">mahākaccāyanena</span> na vuttāni. Sacepi maññeyyuṃ ‘‘attaṃ, attenā’ti <a name="M0.0213"></a> ca dassanato ‘saṃ, senā’ti imāni pana gahetabbānī’’ti. Na gahetabbāni ‘‘rājā, brahmā, sakhā, attā, sā, pumā’’iccevamādīnaṃ aññamaññaṃ padamālāvasena visadisattā nayavasena gahetabbākārassa asambhavato. Īdise hi ṭhāne nayaggāhavasena gahaṇaṃ nāma sadosaṃyeva siyā, tasmā nayaggāhavasenapi na gahetabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparampi atra vattabbaṃ – yathā hi ‘‘sāhi nārīhi te yantī’’ti vutte ‘‘attano nārī’’ti, ‘‘sā nārī’’ti evaṃ atthavato itthiliṅgassa <span class="bld">kaññā</span>saddena sadisassa <span class="bld">sā</span>saddassa ‘‘sā, sā, sāyo. Saṃ, sā, sāyo. Sāya, sāhi, sābhi. Sāya, sānaṃ. Sāya, sāhi, sābhi. Sāya, sānaṃ. Sāya, sāyaṃ, sāsū’’ti <span class="bld">kaññā</span>nayena rūpāni bhavanti, na tathā imassa sunakhavācakassa <span class="bld">sā</span>saddassa rūpāni bhavanti. Evaṃ sante kasmā te ācariyā tatiyābahuvacanaṭṭhāne ca ‘‘sāhi, sābhī’’ti rūpāni icchanti, kasmā ca sattamībahuvacanaṭṭhāne ‘‘sāsū’’ti? Idampi akāraṇaṃ <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantapulliṅgattā. Kasmā ca pana catutthīchaṭṭhekavacanaṭṭhāne pubbakkharassa rassavasena ‘‘sassa’’iti rūpaṃ icchanti? Idampi akāraṇaṃ sunakhavācakassa <span class="bld">sā</span>saddassa <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantatāpakatikattā. <span class="bld">Ā</span>kārantatāpakatikassa ca <span class="bld">sā</span>saddassa yathā <span class="bld">a</span>kārantatāpakatikassa <span class="bld">purisa</span>saddassa ‘‘purisassā’’ti catutthīchaṭṭhekavacanarūpaṃ bhavati evarūpassa rūpassa abhāvato. Teneva āyasmā kaccāno <span class="bld">niruttipiṭake</span> sunakhavācakassa <span class="bld">sā</span>saddassa rūpaṃ dassento catutthīchaṭṭhekavacanaṭṭhāne pubbakkharassa dīghavasena ‘‘sāssa’’iti rūpamāha. Kasmā ca pana te ācariyā catutthekavacanaṭṭhāne ‘‘sāya’’iti rūpaṃ icchanti? Idampi akāraṇaṃ, ṭhapetvā hi <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantitthiliṅge <span class="bld">gha</span>saññato <span class="bld">ā</span>kārato paresaṃ <span class="bld">nā</span>dīnaṃ <span class="bld">āyā</span>desañca <span class="bld">a</span>kārantato punnapuṃsakaliṅgato <a name="M0.0214"></a> parassa catutthekavacanassa <span class="bld">āyā</span>desañca <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantapulliṅge a<span class="bld">gha</span>to <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantato parassa catutthekavacanassa katthacipi <span class="bld">āyā</span>deso na dissati. <span class="bld">Niruttipiṭake</span> ca tādisaṃ rūpaṃ na vuttaṃ, avacanaṃyeva yuttataraṃ buddhavacane aṭṭhakathādīsu ca anāgamanato. Yā panamhehi niruttipiṭakaṃ nissāya buddhavacanañca sunakhavācakassa <span class="bld">sā</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuttā, sāyeva sārato paccetabbā. Etthāpi nānāatthesu vattamānānaṃ liṅgattayapariyāpannānaṃ <span class="bld">sā so saṃ</span>iccetesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ padānaṃ pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālāsu padānaṃ sadisāsadisatā daṭṭhabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha siyā – yo tumhehi <span class="bld">sā</span>saddo <span class="bld">‘‘taṃ</span>saddatthe ca sunakhe ca sakamiccatthe ca vattatī’’ti icchito, kathaṃ taṃ ‘‘sā’’ti vutteyeva ‘‘imassa atthassa vācako’’ti jānantīti? Na jānanti, payogavasena pana jānanti lokiyajanā ceva paṇḍitā ca. Payogavasena hi ‘‘sā maddī nāgamāruhi, nātibaddhaṃva kuñjara’’ntiādīsu <span class="bld">sā</span>saddassa taṃsaddatthatā viññāyati, evaṃ <span class="bld">sā</span>saddo <span class="bld">taṃ</span>saddatthe ca vattati. ‘‘Na yattha sā upaṭṭhito hoti. Bhagavato sājātimpi sutvā sattā amatarasabhāgino bhavantī’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">sā</span>saddassa sunakhavācakatā viññāyati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Annaṃ tavedaṃ pakataṃ yasassi,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Taṃ khajjare bhuñjare piyyare ca;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Jānāsi maṃ tvaṃ paradattūpajīviṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Uttiṭṭhapiṇḍaṃ labhataṃ sapāko’’ti</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana <span class="bld">sā</span>saddassa rassabhāvakaraṇena ‘‘sapāko’’ti pāḷi ṭhitāti atthaṃ aggahetvā ‘‘sānaṃ sunakhānaṃ idaṃ maṃsanti sa’’miti atthaṃ gahetvā ‘‘saṃ pacatīti sapāko’’ti vuttanti <a name="M0.0215"></a> daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> pana ‘‘sapākoti sapākacaṇḍālo’’ icceva vuttaṃ. Tampi etadevatthaṃ dīpeti. Evaṃ <span class="bld">sā</span>saddo sunakhe ca vattati. ‘‘Sā dārā jantūnaṃ piyā’’ti vutte pana ‘‘sakā dārā sattānaṃ piyā’’ti atthadīpanavasena <span class="bld">sā</span>saddassa sakavācakatā paññāyati. Evaṃ <span class="bld">sā</span>saddo sakamiccatthe ca vattati. Iti <span class="bld">sā</span>saddaṃ payogavasena īdisatthassa vācakoti jānanti. Atridaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Taṃ</span>saddatthe ca sunakhe,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sakasmimpi ca vattati;</p>
<p class="gatha3"><span class="bld">Sā</span>saddo so ca kho ñeyyo,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Payogānaṃ vasena ve.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘na yattha sā upaṭṭhito hotī’’ti ekavacanappayogadassanato ca,</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Asantā kira maṃ jammā, tāta tātāti bhāsare;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Rakkhasā puttarūpena, sāva vārenti sūkara’’nti</p>
<p class="unindented">Bahuvacanappayogadassanato ca, <span class="bld">niruttipiṭake</span> ‘‘sāno’’iccādidassanato ca ‘‘sā, sā, sāno. Sānaṃ, sāne. Sānā’’tiādinā sunakhavācakassa <span class="bld">sā</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā kathitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">puma</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pumā, pumā, pumāno. Pumānaṃ, pumāne. Pumānā, pumunā, pumena, pumānehi, pumānebhi. Pumassa, pumuno, pumānaṃ. Pumānā, pumunā, pumānehi, pumānebhi. Pumassa, pumuno, pumānaṃ. Pumāne, pumānesu. Bho puma, bhavanto pumā, pumāno. ‘‘Bho pumā’’iti bahuvacane nayopi ñeyyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha <a name="M0.0216"></a> pana –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Thiyo tassa pajāyanti, na pumā jāyare kule;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yo jānaṃ pucchito pañhaṃ, aññathā naṃ viyākare’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Ayaṃ pāḷi <span class="bld">puma</span>saddassa bahuvacanabhāvasādhikā, <span class="bld">kaccāyane</span> ‘‘he pumaṃ’’iti sānusāraṃ ālapanekavacanaṃ dissati. Tadanekesu pāḷippadesesu ca aṭṭhakathāsu ca sānusārānaṃ ālapanavacanānaṃ adassanato idha na vadāmi. Upaparikkhitvā yuttaṃ ce, gahetabbaṃ. ‘‘Yasassi naṃ paññavantaṃ visayhā’’ti ettha pana chandānurakkhaṇatthaṃ āgamavasenevānusāro hoti, na sabhāvatoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Aya<span class="bld">mā</span>kārantavasena nāmikapadamālā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Soḷasitthisahassānaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Na vijjati pumo tadā;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Ahorattānamaccayena,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nibbatto ahamekako’’ti ca,</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yathā balākayonimhi, na vijjati pumo sadā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Meghesu gajjamānesu, gabbhaṃ gaṇhanti tā tadā’’ti ca</p>
<p class="unindented">Pāḷidassanato pana <span class="bld">o</span>kārantavasenapi nāmikapadamālā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pumo, pumā. Pumaṃ, pume. Pumena, pumehi, pumebhi. Pumassa, pumānaṃ. Pumā, pumasmā, pumamhā, pumehi, pumebhi. Pumassa, pumānaṃ. Pume, pumasmiṃ, pumamhi, pumesu. Bho puma, bhavanto pumā. ‘‘Bho pumā’’iti vā, evaṃ <span class="bld">puma</span>saddassa dvidhā nāmikapadamālā bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni missakanayo vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pumā<a name="M0.0217"></a>, pumo, pumā, pumāno. Pumānaṃ, pumaṃ, pumāne, pume. Pumānā, pumunā, pumena, pumānehi, pumānebhi, pumehi, pumebhi. Pumassa, pumuno, pumānaṃ. Pumānā, pumunā, pumā, pumasmā, pumamhā, pumānehi, pumānebhi, pumehi, pumebhi. Pumassa, pumuno, pumānaṃ. Pumāne, pume, pumasmiṃ, pumamhi, pumānesu, pumesu. Bho puma, bhavanto pumāno, bhavanto pumā. ‘‘Bho pumāno, bho pumā’’iti vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">raha</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Rahā</span> vuccati pāpadhammo. Rahā, rahā, rahino. Rahānaṃ, rahāne. Rahinā, rahinehi, rahinebhi. Rahassa, rahānaṃ. Rahā, rahānehi, rahānebhi. Rahassa, rahānaṃ. Rahāne, rahānesu. Bho raha, bhavanto rahino, bhavanto rahā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">daḷhadhamma</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Daḷhadhammā, daḷhadhammā, daḷhadhammāno. Daḷhadhammānaṃ, daḷhadhammāne. Daḷhadhamminā, daḷhadhammehi, daḷhadhammebhi. Daḷhadhammassa, daḷhadhammānaṃ. Daḷhadhamminā, daḷhadhammehi, daḷhadhammebhi. Daḷhadhammassa, daḷhadhammānaṃ. Daḷhadhamme daḷhadhammesu. Bho daḷhadhamma, bhavanto daḷhadhammāno, bhavanto daḷhadhammā. ‘‘Bho daḷhadhammāno, bho daḷhadhammā’’iti puthuvacanampi ñeyyaṃ, evaṃ <span class="bld">paccakkhadhamma</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca ‘‘seyyathāpi bhikkhave cattāro dhanuggahā daḷhadhammā’’ti idaṃ nidassanaṃ. Imissaṃ pana pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘daḷhadhammā’’ iti bahuvacanavasena āgatattā <span class="bld">daḷhadhamma</span>saddo <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantotipi <span class="bld">o</span>kārantotipi appasiddho tadantānaṃ bahuvacanabhāve tulyarūpattā. Tathāpi amhehi padamālā <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantavaseneva yojitā. Īdisesu hi ṭhānesu <span class="bld">daḷhadhamma</span>saddo <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantotipi <span class="bld">o</span>kārantotipi vattuṃ yujjateva <a name="M0.0218"></a> aparibyattarūpattā. Aññasmiṃ pana pāḷippadese atīva paribyatto hutvā <span class="bld">o</span>kāranta <span class="bld">daḷhadhamma</span>saddo dvidhā dissati guṇasaddapaṇṇattivācakasaddavasena. Tattha ‘‘issatte casmi kusalo, daḷhadhammoti vissuto’’ti ettha <span class="bld">daḷhadhamma</span>saddo <span class="bld">o</span>kāranto guṇasaddo. ‘‘Bārāṇasiyaṃ daḷhadhammo nāma rājā rajjaṃ kāresī’’ti ettha pana paṇṇattivācakasaddo. Evaṃ <span class="bld">o</span>kāranto <span class="bld">daḷhadhamma</span>saddo dvidhā diṭṭho. Tassa pana ‘‘daḷhadhammo, daḷhadhammā. Daḷhadhammaṃ, daḷhadhamme’’ti <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena nāmikapadamālā ñeyyā, <span class="bld">ākārantokārantā</span>naṃ vasena missakapadamālā ca. Kathaṃ?</p>
<p class="bodytext">Daḷhadhammā, daḷhadhammo, daḷhadhammāno, daḷhadhammā. Daḷhadhammānaṃ, daḷhadhammaṃ, daḷhadhammāne, daḷhadhamme. Daḷhadhamminā, daḷhadhammena, daḷhadhammehi, daḷhadhammebhi. Daḷhadhammassa, daḷhadhammānaṃ. Daḷadhamminā, daḷhadhammā, daḷhadhammasmā, daḷhadhammamhā, daḷhadhammehi, daḷhadhammebhi. Daḷhadhammassa, daḷhadhammānaṃ. Daḷhadhamme, daḷhadhammasmiṃ, daḷhadhammamhi, daḷhadhammesu. Bho daḷhadhamma, bhavanto daḷhadhammāno, bhavanto daḷhadhammāti. Evaṃ paccakkhadhammā, paccakkhadhammoti missakapadamālā ca yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">vivaṭacchada</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vivaṭacchadā, vivaṭacchadā, vivaṭacchadāno. Vivaṭacchadānaṃ, vivaṭacchadāne. Vivaṭacchadena, vivaṭacchadehi, vivaṭacchadebhi. Vivaṭacchadassa, vivaṭacchadānaṃ. Vivaṭacchadā, vivaṭacchadehi, vivaṭacchadebhi. Vivaṭacchadassa, vivaṭacchadānaṃ. Vivaṭacchade, vivaṭacchadesu. Bho vivaṭacchada, bhavanto vivaṭacchadā, bhavanto vivaṭacchadāno.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ nāmikapadamālā ‘‘sace pana agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati arahaṃ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭacchadā’’ti <a name="M0.0219"></a> pāḷidassanato <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantavasena kathitā. ‘‘Loke vivaṭacchado’’tipi pāḷidassanato pana <span class="bld">o</span>kārantavasenapi kathetabbā ‘‘vivaṭacchado, vivaṭacchadā, vivaṭacchadaṃ, vivaṭacchade’’ti. Missakavasenapi kathetabbā ‘‘vivaṭacchadā, vivaṭacchado, vivaṭacchadāno, vivaṭacchadā. Vivaṭacchadānaṃ, vivaṭacchadaṃ, vivaṭacchadāne, vivaṭacchade’’iti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">vattaha</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate – <span class="bld">vattahā</span>ti sakko.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vattahā, vattahāno. Vattahānaṃ, vattahāne. Vattahānā, vattahānehi, vattahānebhi. Vattahino, vattahānaṃ. Vattahānā, vattahānehi, vattahānebhi. Vattahino, vattahānaṃ. Vattahāne, vattahānesu. Bho vattaha, bhavanto vattahāno. Atha vā ‘‘bho vattahā, bho vattahāno’’iccapi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">vuttasira</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vuttasirā, vuttasirā, vuttasirāno. Vuttasirānaṃ, vuttasirāne. Vuttasirānā, vuttasirānehi, vuttasirānebhi. Vuttasirassa, vuttasirānaṃ, vuttasirā, vuttasirehi, vuttasirebhi. Vuttasirassa, vuttasirānaṃ. Vuttasire, vuttasiresu. Bho vuttasira, bhānto vuttasirānoti. ‘‘Vuttasiro’’ti <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapāṭhopi dissati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">yuva</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yuvā, yuvā, yuvāno, yuvānā. Yuvānaṃ, yuvaṃ, yuvāne, yuve. Yuvānā, yuvena, yuvānena, yuvānehi, yuvānebhi, yuvehi, yuvebhi. Yuvānassa, yuvassa, yuvānānaṃ, yuvānaṃ. Yuvānā<a name="M0.0220"></a>, yuvānasmā, yuvānamhā, yuvānehi, yuvānebhi, yuvehi, yuvebhi. Yuvānassa, yuvassa, yuvānānaṃ, yuvānaṃ. Yuvāne, yuvānasmiṃ, yuvānamhi, yuve, yuvasmiṃ, yuvamhi, yuvānesu, yuvāsu, yuvesu. Bho yuva, yuvāna, bhavanto yuvānā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imasmiṃ ṭhāne ekadesena <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantanayo ca sabbathā <span class="bld">o</span>kārantanayo ca ekadesena ca <span class="bld">o</span>kārantanayoti tayo nayā dissanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Maghava</span>saddassapi ‘‘maghavā, maghavā, maghavāno, maghavānā’’tiādinā <span class="bld">yuva</span>saddasseva nāmikapadamālāyojanaṃ kubbanti garū. <span class="bld">Niruttipiṭake</span> pana ‘‘maghavā tiṭṭhati, maghavanto tiṭṭhanti. Maghavantaṃ passati, maghavante passati. Maghavatā kataṃ, maghavantehi kataṃ, maghavantebhi kataṃ. Maghavato dīyate, maghavantānaṃ dīyate. Maghavatā nissaṭaṃ, maghavantehi nissaṭaṃ, maghavantebhi nissaṭaṃ. Maghavato pariggaho, maghavantānaṃ pariggaho. Maghavati patiṭṭhitaṃ, maghavantesu patiṭṭhitaṃ. Bho maghavā, bhavanto maghavanto’’ti <span class="bld">guṇavā</span>padanayena vuttaṃ, tathā <span class="bld">cūḷaniruttiya</span>mpi. Taṃ pāḷiyā saṃsandati sameti. Pāḷiyañhi ‘‘sakko mahāli devānamindo pubbe manussabhūto samāno magho nāma māṇavo ahosi, tasmā maghavāti vuccatī’’ti vuttaṃ. Etena ‘‘maghoti nāmaṃ assa atthīti maghavā’’ti atthi atthavācaka<span class="bld">vantu</span>paccayavasena padasiddhi dassitā hoti, tasmāssa <span class="bld">guṇavantu</span>saddassa viya ca nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">addha</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate – <span class="bld">addha</span>saddassa hi yaṃ kāle magge ca vattamānassa ‘‘atīto addhā. Dīgho addhā suduggamo’’tiādīsu ‘‘addhā’’ti paṭhamantaṃ rūpaṃ dissati, taṃ ‘‘addhā idaṃ mantapadaṃ sududdasa’’ntiādīsu ekaṃsatthe <a name="M0.0221"></a> vattamānena ‘‘addhā’’ti nipātapadena samānaṃ. Nipātānaṃ pana padamālā na rūhati, nāmikānaṃyeva rūhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Addhā, addhā, addhāno. Addhānaṃ, addhāne. Addhunā, addhānehi, addhānebhi. Addhuno, addhānaṃ. Addhunā, addhānehi, addhānebhi. Addhuno, addhānaṃ. Addhani, addhāne, addhānesu. Bho addha, bhavanto addhā, addhāno.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha kiñci payogaṃ dassessāma – tayo addhā. Addhānaṃ vītivatto. Iminā dīghena addhunā. Dīghassa addhuno accayena. Pathaddhuno pannaraseva cando. Ahū atītamaddhāne, samaṇo khantidīpano. Addhāne gacchante paññāyissati. Iccādayo ñeyyā. Ayampi panettha nīti veditabbā ‘‘addhānanti dutiyekavacanantavasena catutthīchaṭṭhībahuvacanavasena ca vuttaṃ rūpaṃ. ‘‘Addhānamaggapaṭippanno hotī’’tiādīsu dīghamaggavācakena ‘‘addhāna’’nti napuṃsakena sadisaṃ sutisāmaññavasenāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">muddha</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Muddhā, muddhā, muddhāno. Muddhaṃ, muddhe, muddhāne. Muddhānā, muddhehi, muddhebhi. Muddhassa, muddhānaṃ. Muddhānā, muddhehi, muddhebhi. Muddhassa, muddhānaṃ. Muddhani, muddhanesu. Bho muddha, bhavanto muddhā, muddhāno.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <span class="bld">abhibhavitā</span>padena visadisapadāni bhavanti. Iti nānānayehi <span class="bld">abhibhavitā</span>padena sadisāni <span class="bld">vattā</span>dīni visadisāni <span class="bld">guṇavā</span>dīni <span class="bld">rājasā</span>iccādīni ca <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantapadāni dassitāni saddhiṃ nāmikapadamālāhi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ettha <a name="M0.0222"></a> yogaṃ sace poso, kare paṇḍitajātiko;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tassa vohārabhedesu, vijambhe ñāṇamuttamaṃ.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti navaṅge sāṭṭhakathe piṭakattaye byappathagatīsu viññūnaṃ</p>
<p class="centered">Kosallatthāya kate saddanītippakaraṇe</p>
<p class="centered">Savinicchayo <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantapulliṅgānaṃ pakatirūpassa</p>
<p class="centered">Nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo nāma</p>
<p class="centered">Chaṭṭho paricchedo.</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">U</span>kāranta <span class="bld">a</span>vaṇṇantatāpakatikaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ā</span>kārantapulliṅgaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="chapter">7. Niggahītantapulliṅganāmikapadamālā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha pubbācariyamataṃ purecaraṃ katvā niggahītantapulliṅgānaṃ <span class="bld">bhavanta karonta</span>iccādikassa pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālaṃ vakkhāma –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Gacchaṃ mahaṃ caraṃ tiṭṭhaṃ, dadaṃ bhuñjaṃ suṇaṃ pacaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Jayaṃ jaraṃ cavaṃ mīyaṃ, saraṃ kubbaṃ japaṃ vajaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gacchaṃ, gacchanto, gacchantā. Gacchantaṃ, gacchante. Gacchatā, gacchantehi, gacchanteti. Gacchato, gacchantassa, gacchantānaṃ, gacchataṃ. Gacchatā, gacchantehi, gacchantebhi. Gacchato, gacchantassa, gacchantānaṃ, gacchataṃ. Gacchati, gacchantesu. Bho gacchaṃ, bho gacchā, bhavanto gacchanto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gacchādīni aññāni ca taṃsadisānaṃ evaṃ ñeyyānīti <span class="bld">yamakamahātheramataṃ</span>. Kiñcāpettha tatiyekavacanaṭṭhānādīsu ‘‘gacchantena, gacchantā, gacchantasmā, gacchantamhā, gacchantasmiṃ, gacchantamhī’’ti imāni padāni nāgatāni, tathāpi tattha tattha payogadassanato gahetabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra yamakamahātherena ālapanavacanaṭṭhāneyeva ‘‘gacchanto, mahanto, caranto’’tiādīnaṃ bahuvacanattaṃ kathitaṃ, paccattavacanaṭṭhāne <a name="M0.0223"></a> ekavacanattaṃ. Kehici pana paccattavacanaṭṭhāne ekavacanabahuvacanattaṃ, ālapanavacanaṭṭhāne bahuvacanattaṃyeva kathitaṃ. ‘‘Gacchaṃ, mahaṃ, cara’’ntiādīnaṃ pana ālapanaṭṭhāne ekavacanattaṃ. Mayaṃ pana buddhavacane anekāsu cāṭṭhakathāsu ‘‘gacchanto, mahanto’’tiādīnaṃ bahuvacanappayogānaṃ ‘‘gacchaṃ, mahaṃ’’iccādīnañca sānusārālapanekavacanappayogānaṃ adassanato ‘‘gacchanto bhāradvājo. Sa gacchaṃ na nivattati. Mahanto lokasannivāso’’tiādīnaṃ pana paccattekavacanappayogānaññeva dassanato tādisāni rūpāni anijjhānakkhamāni viya maññāma. <span class="bld">Niruttipiṭake</span> paccattālapanaṭṭhāne ‘‘mahanto, bhavanto, caranto’’tiādīnaṃ bahuvacanattameva kathitaṃ, na ekavacanattaṃ. Tathā hi tattha ‘‘mahaṃ bhavaṃ caraṃ tiṭṭha’’nti gāthaṃ vatvā ‘‘mahaṃ tiṭṭhati, mahanto tiṭṭhantī’’ti ca, ‘‘bho mahā, bhavanto mahanto’’ti ca, ‘‘bhavaṃ tiṭṭhati, bhavanto tiṭṭhantī’’ti ca ādi vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana ‘‘bhavaṃ, bhavanto’’ti padāni yattha ‘‘honto hontā’’ti kriyatthaṃ na vadanti, tattha ‘‘bhavaṃ kaccāno. Mā bhavanto evaṃ avacutthā’’tiādīsu viya aññasmiṃ atthe patanato ekavacanabahuvacanāni bhavanti, tasmā ‘‘santo sappurisā loke’’ti ettha ‘‘santo’’ti padassa viya ‘‘arahanto sammāsambuddhā’’ti ettha ‘‘arahanto’’ti padassa viya ca ‘‘bhavanto’’ti padassa bahuvacanattaṃ nijjhānakkhamaṃ. ‘‘Mahanto, caranto, tiṭṭhanto’’tiādīnaṃ pana bahuvacanattaṃ na nijjhānakkhamaṃ viya amhe paṭibhāti. Na hi katthacipi ‘‘santo, arahanto, bhavanto’’ti padavajjitānaṃ ‘‘gacchanto, mahanto, caranto’’tiādīnaṃ anekapadasatānaṃ bahuvacanantatāpayoge passāma. Tathā hi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bavhatte <a name="M0.0224"></a> katthaci ṭhāne, ‘‘jāna’’miccādayo yathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dissanti nevaṃ bavhatte, ‘‘gacchanto’’ itiādayo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bavhatte katthaci ṭhāne, ‘‘santo’’ iccādayopi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dissanti nevaṃ bavhatte, ‘‘gacchanto’’ itiādayo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Arahanto’’ti bavhatte, ekanteneva dissati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nevaṃ dissanti bavhatte, ‘‘gacchanto’’ itiādayo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Anekasatapāṭhesu, ‘‘viharanto’’tiādīsu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ekassapi bahukatte, pavatti na tu dissati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bahuvacananayena, ‘‘gacchanto’’ti padassa hi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Gahaṇe sati bahavo, dosā dissanti saccato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yathekamhi ghare daḍḍhe, daḍḍhā sāmīpikā gharā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tathā bavhattavācitte, ‘‘gacchanto’’ti padassa tu.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Viharanto’’tiādīnaṃ, bavhattavācitā siyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Rūpanayo aniṭṭho ca, gahetabbo anekadhā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ santepi yasmā <span class="bld">‘‘niruttipiṭakaṃ</span> nāma pabhinnapaṭisambhidena mahākhīṇāsavena <span class="bld">mahākaccāyanena</span> kata’’nti loke pasiddhaṃ, tasmā idaṃ ṭhānaṃ punappunaṃ upaparikkhitabbaṃ. Kiñcāpettha there gāravena evaṃ vuttaṃ, tathāpi pāḷinayaṃ garuṃ katvā diṭṭhenekavacananayena adiṭṭho bahuvacananayo chaḍḍetabbo. Evaṃ sati niggahītantesu nayo sobhano bhavati. Ayaṃ pana amhākaṃ ruci –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhavaṃ karaṃ arahaṃ saṃ, mahaṃ’’ iti padāni tu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Visadisāni sambhonti, aññamaññanti lakkhaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Gacchaṃ caraṃ dadaṃ tiṭṭhaṃ, cintayaṃ bhāvayaṃ vadaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Jānaṃ passa’’ntiādīni, sadisāni bhavanti hi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tatra ‘‘jāna’’ntiādīni, katthaci parivattare;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vibhattiliṅgavacana-vasenāti vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra <a name="M0.0225"></a> tāva <span class="bld">bhavanta</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccati – <span class="bld">bhavaṃ</span>saddo hi ‘‘vaḍḍhanto, honto’’ti atthepi vadati. Tesaṃ vasena ayaṃ nāmikapadamālā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhavaṃ, bhavanto, bhavantā. Bhavantaṃ, bhavante. Bhavantena, bhavantehi, bhavantebhi. Bhavantassa, bhavantānaṃ. Bhavantā, bhavantasmā, bhavantamhā, bhavantehi, bhavantebhi. Bhavantassa, bhavantānaṃ. Bhavante, bhavantasmiṃ, bhavantamhi, bhavantesu. He bhavanta, he bhavantā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha ‘‘bhavaṃ, bhavanto’’tiādīnaṃ ‘‘vaḍḍhantohonto’’tiādinā attho daṭṭhabbo. Tathā hi ‘‘suvijāno bhavaṃ hoti. Dhammakāmo bhavaṃ hoti. Rājā bhavanto nānāsampattīhi modati. Kuḷīradaho gaṅgāya ekābaddho, gaṅgāya pūraṇakāle gaṅgodakena pūrati, udake mandī bhavante dahato udakaṃ gaṅgāya otaratī’’ti payogā bhavanti, tasmā ayaṃ nāmikapadamālā sārato paccetabbā. Ettha <span class="bld">bhavaṃ</span>saddamattaṃ vajjetvā <span class="bld">gacchamānacaramāna</span>saddādīsu viya <span class="bld">bhavanta</span>sadde ‘‘bhavanto, bhavantā’’ti <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayopi labbhati, napuṃsakaliṅge vattabbe ‘‘bhavantaṃ, bhavantānī’’ti <span class="bld">citta</span>nayopi labbhati. Evaṃ vaḍḍhanabhavanatthavācakassa <span class="bld">bhavanta</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayañca viseso ‘‘bhavanto’’ti padaṃ vaḍḍhanabhavanatthato aññatthe vattamānaṃ bahuvacanameva hoti, yathā ‘‘bhavanto āgacchantī’’ti. Vaḍḍhanabhavanatthesu vattamānaṃ ekavacanameva. Atrime payogā ‘‘anupubbena bhavanto viññutaṃ pāpuṇāti. Samaṇena nāma īdisesu kammesu abyāvaṭena bhavitabbaṃ, evaṃ bhavanto hi samaṇo susamaṇo assā’’ti. ‘‘Bhavaṃ’’ iti padaṃ pana ubhayatthāpi ekavacanameva, tasmā <a name="M0.0226"></a> idāni ‘‘bhavaṃ ānando. Bhavanto āgacchanti, appasaddā bhavanto hontu, mā bhonto saddamakatthā’’ti evamādipayogadassanavasena vohāravisese pavattaṃ aññaṃ atthaṃ paṭicca aparāpi nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhavaṃ, bhavanto, bhonto. Bhavantaṃ, bhavante. Bhavatā, bhotā, bhavantena, bhavantehi, bhavantebhi. Bhavato, bhoto, bhavantassa, bhavantānaṃ, bhavataṃ. Bhavatā, bhotā, bhavantehi, bhavantebhi. Bhavato, bhoto, bhavantassa, bhavantānaṃ, bhavataṃ. Bhavati, bhavante, bhavantasmiṃ, bhavantamhi, bhavantesu. Bho, bhavanto, bhonto iti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana ‘‘bho’’iccādīni tīṇi padāni yasmā vohāravisesapavattāni ālapanapadāni honti, tasmā ‘‘āvuso, bhante’’ti padāni viya <span class="bld">bho</span>saddādiupapadavantāni na bhavanti, ‘‘bho purisa, bhavanto brāhmaṇā, bhonto samaṇā, bho rāja’’iccādīsu hi <span class="bld">purisa</span>saddādayoyeva <span class="bld">bho</span>saddādi upapadavanto bhavanti. Idha ca ‘‘bhavaṃ ānando’’ti ettha <span class="bld">bhavaṃ</span>saddena samānatthāni ‘‘bho, bhavanto, bhonto’’ti padāni vuttāni, na pana ‘‘dhammakāmo bhavaṃ hotī’’ti ettha <span class="bld">bhavaṃ</span>saddena samānatthāni. Paṭhamasmiñhi naye vaḍḍhanatthavasena ‘‘bho bhavanta, bhavanto bhavantā, bhonto bhavantā’’ti <span class="bld">bho</span>saddādayo ālapanapadānaṃ upapadāni bhavanti, na dutiyasmiṃ naye. Āmeḍitavasena pana ‘‘bho bho, bhavanto bhavanto, bhonto bhonto’’ti padāni bhavanti yathā ‘‘bhante bhante’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atridaṃ <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātuvasena saṅkhepato pāḷinidassanaṃ – kasmā bhavaṃ vijjanamaraññanissito. Kathaṃ panāhaṃ bho taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ jānissāmi. Evaṃ bhoti kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo <a name="M0.0227"></a> brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa paṭissutvā. Mā bhavanto evaṃ avacuttha. Imaṃ bhonto nisāmetha. Evaṃ bho purisa jānāhi, pāpadhammā asaññatā iccevamādi. Ettha ‘‘bhavaṃ’’iccādīni <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayāni nāmapadānīti veditabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica tesu ‘‘bho, bhavanto, bhonto’’ti imāni nipātapadānipi hontīti vavatthapetabbaṃ. ‘‘Bho purisā’’tiādīsu tesaṃ nipātānipātabhāve vivādo na karaṇīyo. <span class="bld">Kaccāyanasmiñhi</span> ‘‘bho ge tū’’ti vuttaṃ. Aññattha pana ‘‘āmantanatthe nipāto’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tathā hi <span class="bld">niruttimañjūsāyaṃ</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘bhotidaṃ āmantanatthe nipāto. So na kevalaṃ ekavacanameva hoti, atha kho bahuvacanampi hotīti ‘bho purisā’ti bahuvacanappayogopi gahito. ‘Bhavanto’ti padaṃ pana bahuvacanameva hotīti ‘purisā’ti puna vutta’’nti. Pāḷiyañhi aṭṭhakathāsu ca nipātabhūto <span class="bld">bho</span>saddo ekavacanabahuvacanavasena dvidhā dissati, itare pana bahuvacanavaseneva dissanti. Tesaṃ tu nipātapadatte rūpanipphādanakiccaṃ natthi. Tesu <span class="bld">bho</span>saddassa nipātapadattā āhaccabhāsite nijjīvālapane itthiliṅgavisayo ‘‘ummujja bho puthusile, pariplava bho puthusile’’ti payogopi dissati. Atrimā <span class="bld">bho</span>saddassa pavattiparidīpanī gāthāyo –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ito bho sugatiṃ gaccha, manussānaṃ sahabyataṃ’’;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evamādīsu <span class="bld">bho</span>saddo, ekavacanako mato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Passatha bho imaṃ kula-putta’’miccevamādisu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bahuvacanako eso, <span class="bld">bho</span>saddoti vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Puggalālapane <a name="M0.0228"></a> ceva, dhammassālapanepi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nijjīvālapane cāti, <span class="bld">bho</span>saddo tīsu dissati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tatra dhammālapanamhi, ekavacova labbhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Itaresu siyā deka-vaco bahuvacopi ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nicchitabbaṃ guṇīpadaṃ, dhammassālapane dhuvaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Acchariyaṃ vata bho’’ti, idamettha nidassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Icchitabbaṃ guṇīpadaṃ, puggalālapane pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Evaṃ bho purisa jānāhi’’, idamettha nidassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Guṇīpadaṃ asantampi, puggalālapanamhi tu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ajjhāharitvā pāvade, atthaṃ ‘‘bho ehi’’ādisu.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ghaṭādīnaṃ ālapanaṃ, nijjīvālapanaṃ bhave;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Jīvaṃva lokiyā loke, ālapanti kadāci tu.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nijjīvālapanaṃ appaṃ, atthaviññāpane siyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Ummujja bho puthusile’’, iti pāḷi nidassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ettha liṅgavipallāsaṃ, keci icchanti paṇḍitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tesaṃ matena bhotīti, liṅgaṃ vipariṇāmaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Atha vā pana <span class="bld">bho</span>saddo, nipāto <span class="bld">so</span>padaṃ viya;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā virodhatā nāssa, tiliṅge vacanadvaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evaṃ santepi <span class="bld">bho</span>saddo, dviliṅgeyeva pāyato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yasmā diṭṭho tato viññū, dviliṅgeyeva taṃ vade.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Itthiliṅgamhi sampatte, ‘‘bho’’ti iti payojaye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃvidhaṃ payogañhi, suppayogaṃ budhābravuṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yajjevaṃ <a name="M0.0229"></a> duppayogaṃva, siyā tumhehi dassitaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Ummujja bho puthusile’’, iccāhaccapadanti ce.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Duppayogaṃ na taṃ yasmā, vohārakusalena ve;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Jinena bhāsite dhamme, duppayogā na vijjare.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Itthiliṅgassa visaye, <span class="bld">bhoti</span>saddappayojanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kavīnaṃ pemanīyanti, mayā evamudīritaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <span class="bld">bhavanta</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā pāḷinayānurūpaṃ dvidhā vibhattā vaḍḍhanabhavanatthatadaññatthavasena.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Karonta</span>saddassa pana –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Karaṃ, karonto, karontā. Karontaṃ, karonte. Karotā, karontena, karontehi, karontebhi. Karoto, karontassa, karontānaṃ, karotaṃ. Karotā, karontā, karontasmā, karontamhā, karontehi, karontebhi. Karoto, karontassa, karontānaṃ, karotaṃ. Karonte, karontasmiṃ, karontamhi, karontesu. Bho karonta, bhavanto karontāti rūpāni bhavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Karoto na kariyati pāpa’’nti idamettha <span class="bld">karoto</span>saddassa atthitānidassanaṃ. Itthiliṅge vattabbe ‘‘karontī, karontiyo’’tiādinā yojetabbāni, napuṃsakaliṅge vattabbe ‘‘karontaṃ, karontānī’’tiādinā yojetabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Arahanta</span>saddassa –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Arahaṃ, arahanto. Arahantaṃ, arahante. Arahatā, arahantena, arahantehi, arahantebhi. Arahato, arahantassa, arahantānaṃ, arahataṃ. Arahatā, arahantā, arahantasmā, arahantamhā, arahantehi, arahantebhi. Arahato, arahantassa, arahantānaṃ, arahataṃ. Arahante, arahantasmiṃ<a name="M0.0230"></a>, arahantamhi, arahantesu. Bho arahanta, bhavanto arahanto iti rūpāni bhavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ guṇavācakassa <span class="bld">arahanta</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā. ‘‘Arahā, arahanto, arahantā’’iti ca. Etañhi rūpaṃ <span class="bld">samantapāsādikāyaṃ</span> manussaviggahaṭṭhāne dissati. Uttarimanussadhammapāḷiyaṃ pana ‘‘mayañcamhā anarahanto’’ti padaṃ dissati. Arahantaṃ, arahante. Arahatā, sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Ayaṃ paṇṇattivācakassa <span class="bld">arahanta</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā hi ‘‘arahaṃ sammāsambuddho. Arahaṃ sugato loke. Arahanto sammāsambuddhā’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">arahaṃ</span>saddādayo guṇavācakā. ‘‘Arahā ahosi. Ahañhi arahā loke. Eko arahā, ekasaṭṭhi arahanto loke ahesuṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Gāme vā yadi vāraññe, ninne vā yadi vā thale;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yattha arahanto viharanti, taṃ bhūmirāmaṇeyyakaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mayañcamhā anarahanto’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">arahā</span>saddādayo paṇṇattivācakāti daṭṭhabbā. Idha itthinapuṃsakaliṅgavasena visuṃ vattabbanayo appasiddho. Yadi evaṃ āsavakkhayaṃ pattā itthī kathaṃ vattabbā, āsavakkhayaṃ pattaṃ cittaṃ kathaṃ vattabbanti? Itthī tāva ‘‘yaṃ itthī arahaṃ assa sammāsambuddho’’ti vacanato ‘‘araha’’nti vattabbā guṇavasena, paṇṇattivasena pana ‘‘itthī arahā ahosī’’ti vattabbā. Cittaṃ pana guṇavaseneva ‘‘arahaṃ citta’’nti vattabbanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Santa</span>saddassa <a name="M0.0231"></a> –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Saṃ, santo, santo, santā. Saṃ, santaṃ, sante. Satā, santena, santehi, santebhi, sabbhi. Sato, santassa, santānaṃ, sataṃ, satānaṃ. Satā, santā, santasmā, santamhā, santehi, santebhi, sabbhi. Sato, santassa, santānaṃ, sataṃ, satānaṃ. Sati, sante, santasmiṃ, santamhi, santesu. Bho santa, bhavanto santoti rūpāni bhavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana ‘‘addhā hi tāta satanesa dhammo’’ti <span class="bld">jayaddisajātaka</span>pāḷidassanato ‘‘satāna’’nti vuttaṃ. Tattha hi <span class="bld">satanesā</span>ti satānaṃ esāti chedo, rassattaniggahītasaralopavasena ca rūpaniṭṭhānaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tathā hi tadaṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘addhā ekaṃsena esa tāta satānaṃ paṇḍitānaṃ dhammo sabhāvo’’ti attho vutto. Ayaṃ ye loke ‘‘sappurisā’’ti ca ‘‘ariyā’’ti ca ‘‘paṇḍitā’’ti ca vuccanti, tesaṃ vācakassa <span class="bld">santa</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā. Tappaṭisedhassa pana asaṃ, asanto, katthaci asantā iccapi. Tathā hi ‘‘asantā kira maṃ jammā, tāta tātāti bhāsare’’ti pāḷi dissati. ‘‘Asaṃ, asantaṃ, asante. Asatā’’tiādinā yojetabbā. Imasmiṃ atthe ‘‘santo, asanto’’timāni bahuvacanakāniyeva bhavanti, na katthacipi ekavacanakāni. Kasmā? Paṇṇattivācakattā. Aññatra pana ‘‘santo, danto’’tiādīsu ekavacanāniyeva ṭhapetvā vijjamānatthavācaka<span class="bld">santo</span>saddaṃ, kasmā? Apaṇṇattivācakattāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni paṇṇattivācakānaṃ tesaṃ kānici payogāni kathayāma –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sameti <a name="M0.0232"></a> asatā asaṃ. Yaṃ yañhi rāja bhajati, santaṃ vā yadi vā asaṃ. Na sā sabhā yattha na santi santo. Asanto nirayaṃ yanti, santo saggaparāyaṇā. Asante nopaseveyya, sante seveyya paṇḍito. Sabbhireva samāsetha. Sataṃ dhammo iccevamādīni bhavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yo panamhehi padamālāyaṃ ‘‘sabbhī’’ti ayaṃ saddo tatiyāpañcamībahuvacanavasena yojito, so ca kho <span class="bld">santa</span>iti <span class="bld">a</span>kārantapakativasena, aññattha pana ‘‘sabbhī’’ti <span class="bld">i</span>kārantapakativasena yojetabbo. Tathā hi <span class="bld">sabbhī</span>ti sappuriso nibbānañca, sundarādhivacanaṃ vā etaṃ sabbhīti. Sabbo cāyamattho sāṭṭhakathāya ‘‘bahumpetaṃ asabbhi jātavedā’’ti imāya pāḷiyā ‘‘santo have sabbhi pavedayantī’’ti imāya ca dīpetabbo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ālapane ca paccatte, tatiyāpañcamīsu ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samāsamhi ca yojeyya, <span class="bld">sabbhi</span>saddaṃ sumedhaso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atrāyaṃ yojanā – bho sabbhi tiṭṭha, sabbhi tiṭṭhati, sabbhi saha gacchati, sabbhi apehi, asabbhirūpo puriso. Yasmā panāyaṃ sāsanānukūlā, tasmā imissā tadanukūlattaṃ dassetuṃ idha sāsanato payoge dassessāma atakkāvacare vicitte sugatapāḷinaye sotūnaṃ visāradamatipaṭilābhatthaṃ. Taṃ yathā? Bahumpetaṃ asabbhi jātaveda, yaṃ taṃ vāladhinā’bhipūjayāma. Sabbhi kubbetha santhavaṃ. Yaṃ sālavanasmiṃ senako, pāpakammamakari asabbhirūpaṃ. Ābādhoyaṃ asabbhirūpo. Asammodako thaddho asabbhirūpo’’ti<a name="M0.0233"></a>. Tattha ālapanavacane diṭṭheyeva paccattavacanaṃ pāḷiyaṃ sarūpato anāgatampi diṭṭhameva hoti. Tathā karaṇavacane diṭṭheyeva nissakkavacanampi diṭṭhameva hoti. Samāse saddarūpe diṭṭheyeva byāse saddarūpaṃ yathāsambhavaṃ diṭṭhameva hoti ṭhapetvā ‘‘hetusatthāradassana’’ntiādīni. Tattha ca nibbānavācako ce, <span class="bld">sabbhi</span>saddo itthiliṅgo <span class="bld">santivisuddhi nibbuti</span>saddā viya, so ca <span class="bld">yamakamahāthera</span>mate <span class="bld">ratti</span>nayena yojetabbo. Sabbesamikārantitthiliṅgānaṃ sādhāraṇo hi so nayo. Sundaratthavācako ce, <span class="bld">aggi ratti aṭṭhi</span>nayehi yojetabbo vāccaliṅgattā. ‘‘Sabbhidhammabhūtaṃ nibbāna’’nti ettha hi sundaradhammabhūtaṃ nibbānanti attho. Evaṃ pāḷinayavasena ālapanādīsu pañcasu ṭhānesu <span class="bld">sabbhi</span>saddassa pavattiṃ ñatvā puna aṭṭhakathānayavasenapi tappavatti veditabbā. Kathaṃ? Yasmā sagāthāvaggassa <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> ‘‘santo ‘sabbhīhi saddhiṃ sataṃ dhammo na jaraṃ upetī’ti pavedayantī’’ti imasmiṃ padese ‘‘sabbhīhī’’ti <span class="bld">hi</span>vacanavasena saddaracanāviseso aṭṭhakathācariyehi dassito, tasmā <span class="bld">sabbhi</span>saddo sabbesupi vibhattivacanesu yojetabbo. Atridaṃ vadāma –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Garū ‘‘sabbhīhi saddhi’’nti, atthaṃ bhāsiṃsu pāḷiyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yato tato <span class="bld">sabbhi</span>saddaṃ, dhīro sabbattha yojaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Asabbhirūpo’’itipi, samāsavisaye sutaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yasmā tasmā <span class="bld">sabbhi</span>saddaṃ, viññū sabbadhi yojaye.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ovadeyyānusāseyya<a name="M0.0234"></a>, asabbhā ca nivāraye’’ti ettha pana ‘‘asabbhā’’tipadaṃ vicitravuttīsu taddhitapaccayesu <span class="bld">ṇya</span>paccayavasena nipphattimupāgatanti veditabbaṃ. Kathaṃ? Yebhuyyena asabbhīsu bhavaṃ asabbhaṃ. Kiṃ taṃ? Akusalaṃ, tato asabbhā akusaladhammā nivāraye ca, kusaladhamme patiṭṭhapeyyāti attho. ‘‘Amhe asabbhāhi vācāhi vikkosamānā tibbāhi sattīhi hanissantī’’ti ettha tu asabbhīnaṃ etāti asabbhā, na vā sabbhīnaṃ etātipi asabbhāti nibbacanaṃ, <span class="bld">ṇya</span>paccayavasena ca padasiddhi veditabbā. Yā ca panettha amhehi santasaddassa ‘‘saṃ, santo. Saṃ, santaṃ, sante’’tiādinā padamālā dassitā, tattha ‘‘sameti asatā asa’’nti pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘asa’’nti pade diṭṭheyeva ‘‘sa’’nti padaṃ pāḷiyaṃ anāgatampi diṭṭhameva hoti yugaḷabhāvena vijjamānatārahattā. Evaṃ diṭṭhena adiṭṭhassa gahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ. Atha vā ‘‘asa’’nti ettha na saṃ asanti samāsaviggahavasenādhigantabbattā ‘‘sa’’miti padaṃ diṭṭhameva hoti. Evamaññatrāpi nayo. Tatra <span class="bld">sa</span>nti sappuriso. <span class="bld">Asa</span>nti asappuriso. Itthiliṅgevattabbe ‘‘asatī, asā’’ti rūpāni bhavanti. ‘‘Asatī, asatī, asatiyo, asā. Asatiṃ, asatī, asatiyo. Asāya, asatiyā, asatīhi, asatībhi. Asatiyā, asatīna’’nti vakkhamāna <span class="bld">itthi</span>nayena nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana ‘‘asā lokitthiyo nāma, velā tāsaṃ na vijjati. Mā ca vasaṃ asatīnaṃ nigacche’’tiādīni dassetabbāni. <span class="bld">Asā</span>ti cettha <span class="bld">asatī</span>ti ca samānatthā, asantajātikāti hi tesaṃ attho. Yasmā pana <span class="bld">jātakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘asā</span>ti asatiyo lāmikā, atha vā sātaṃ vuccati sukhaṃ, taṃ tāsu natthi, attani paṭibaddhacittānaṃ asātameva dentītipi asā<a name="M0.0235"></a>, dukkhā, dukkhavatthubhūtāti attho’’ti atthaṃ saṃvaṇṇesuṃ, tasmā sātaṃ natthi etissanti <span class="bld">asā</span>ti atthe ‘‘asā’’ti padassa yathā ritto assādo etthāti <span class="bld">rittassa</span>ntipadassa luttuttarakkharassa ‘‘rittassaṃ, rittassāni. Rittassa’’nti <span class="bld">citta</span>nayena nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā, tathā ‘‘asā, asā, asāyo. Asaṃ, asā, asāyo. Asāyā’’ti <span class="bld">kaññā</span>nayena yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca yo amhehi ‘‘santo’’iti saddo dassito. So katthaci ekavacanabahuvacanabhāvena <span class="bld">saṃvijjamāna</span>saddassatthampi vadati, tassa vasena ayaṃ nāmikapadamālā –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Santo, santo, santā. Santaṃ, sante. Satā, santena, santehi, santebhi. Sato, santassa, sataṃ, santānaṃ. Satā, santā, santasmā, santamhā, santehi, santebhi. Sato, santassa, sataṃ, santānaṃ. Sati, sante, santasmiṃ, santamhi, santesu. Bho santa, bhavanto santo, bhavanto santā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana ‘‘ayaṃ kho bhikkhave aṭṭhamo bhaddo assājānīyo santo saṃvijjamāno lokasmiṃ. Cattārome bhikkhave puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Asatā tucchā musā abhūtena abbhācikkhanti. Bhave kho sati jāti hoti’’iccevamādīni payogāni bhavanti. ‘‘Saṅkhāresu kho sati viññāṇaṃ hotī’’tiādīsu pana <span class="bld">sati</span>saddo vacanavipallāsavasena ṭhitoti gahetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra ekavacanabahuvacanavasena dvidhā ṭhitesu <span class="bld">santo</span>saddesu bahuvacana<span class="bld">santo</span>saddaṃ ṭhapetvā sesā <span class="bld">samāna</span>saddassatthampi vadanti, tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘santo</span>ti samāno, <span class="bld">santā</span>ti samānā’’tiādinā <a name="M0.0236"></a> attho kathetabbo. <span class="bld">Samāno</span>ti imassa ca ‘‘honto’’ti attho ‘‘pahu samāno vipulatthacintī, kiṃ kāraṇā me na karosi dukkha’’ntiādīsu viya. Payogāni pana –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yo mātaraṃ pitaraṃ vā, jiṇṇakaṃ gatayobbanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pahu santo na bharati, taṃ parābhavato mukhaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Idheva tiṭṭhamānassa, devabhūtassa me sato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Punarāyu ca me laddho, evaṃ jānāhi mārisā’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādīni bhavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica <span class="bld">santo</span>saddo yasmā ‘‘kilanto’’ti ca ‘‘upasanto’’ti ca ‘‘niruddho’’ti ca atthaṃ vadati, tasmā tesaṃ vasena <span class="bld">santa</span>saddassa ‘‘santo, santā. Santaṃ, sante. Santenā’’ti <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena nāmikapadamālā veditabbā. Ettha ca ‘‘santo tasito. Dīghaṃ santassa yojanaṃ. Santo danto niyato brahmacārī. Santo niruddho atthaṅgato abbhatthaṅgato’’tiādīni payogāni. Napuṃsakaliṅge vattabbe ‘‘santaṃ, santānī’’ti <span class="bld">citta</span>nayena nāmikapadamālā. Sā ca ‘‘saṃvijjamānaṃ samānaṃ kilantaṃ upasantaṃ niruddha’’miti atthadīpakāpadavatīti veditabbā. Atha vā ‘‘upādāne kho sati bhavo hotī’’tiādīsu napuṃsakappayogadassanato <span class="bld">santa</span>saddassa <span class="bld">saṃvijjamāna</span>saddatthavācakatte tatiyāpañcamīcatutthīchaṭṭhīsattamīṭhāne ‘‘satā, sato, sataṃ, satī’’ti padāni adhikāni vattabbāni, sesāni <span class="bld">citta</span>nayena ñeyyāni. Itthiliṅge pana vattabbe ‘‘santā, santā, santāyo. Santaṃ, santā, santāyo. Santāyā’’ti <span class="bld">kaññā</span>nayena ca, santī, santī, santiyo<a name="M0.0237"></a>. Santiṃ, santī, santiyo. Santiyā’’ti <span class="bld">itthi</span>nayena ca nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā. Etāsu paṭhamā ‘‘saṃvijjamānā kilantā upasantā niruddhā’’ti atthadīpakāpadavatī, ettha payogā suviññeyyāva. Dutiyā pana ‘‘saṃvijjamānā samānā’’ti atthadīpakāpadavatī. Tathā hi ‘‘santī āpatti āvikātabbā’’ti ettha saṃvijjamānā ‘‘santī’’ti vuccati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yāya mātu bhato poso,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Imaṃ lokaṃ avekkhati;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Tampi pāṇadadiṃ santiṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Hanti kuddho puthujjano’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Ettha pana samānā ‘‘santī’’ti vuccati. Aparāpi itthiliṅge vattabbe padamālā veditabbā. <span class="bld">Santī</span>saddassa hi <span class="bld">saṃvijjamāna</span>saddatthavācakatte ‘‘jātiyā kho sati jarāmaraṇaṃ hotī’’tiādinā itthiliṅgappayogadassanato sattamīṭhāne ‘‘sati, satiyā, satiyaṃ, santiyā, santiyaṃ, santīsū’’ti rūpāni vattabbāni. Sesāni <span class="bld">itthi</span>nayena ñeyyāni. Ayaṃ tatiyā, ettha ca ‘‘asantiyā āpattiyā tuṇhī bhavitabba’’nti pāḷi ‘‘santiyā’’iccādīnaṃ atthibhāve nidassanaṃ. Aparo nayo – <span class="bld">satī</span>saddassa ‘‘samānā’’ti imasmiṃ atthe ‘‘yā tvaṃ vasasi jiṇṇassa, evaṃ dahariyā satī’’ti ca ‘‘ye taṃ jiṇṇassa pādaṃsu, evaṃ dahariyaṃ sati’’nti ca pāḷidassanato ‘‘satī, satī, satiyo. Satiṃ, satī, satiyo. Satiyā’’tiādīnipi rūpāni yojetabbāni, saṃyoge <span class="bld">na</span>kāralopavasena vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni ‘‘santo, santā’’ti padadvayassa payoganicchayaṃ kathayāma payogesu sotūnaṃ asammūḷhabhāvāya. Tathā hi ‘‘sappurisā’’ti vā ‘‘paṇḍitā’’ti vā bahuvacanavasena atthaṃ <a name="M0.0238"></a> vattukāmena ‘‘santo danto’’ti evaṃ vuttaekavacanasadisaṃ ‘‘santo’’ti bahuvacanaṃ vattabbaṃ. ‘‘Saṃvijjamāno’’ti ekavacanavasena atthaṃ vattukāmena ‘‘santo’’ti ekavacanaṃ vattabbaṃ. ‘‘Saṃvijjamānā’’ti bahuvacanavasena atthaṃ vattukāmena ‘‘santo sappurisā’’ti, ‘‘santo saṃvijjamānā’’ti ca evaṃ vuttabahuvacanasadisaṃ ‘‘santo’’ti vā ‘‘santā’’ti vā bahuvacanaṃ vattabbaṃ, ‘‘kilanto’’ti vā ‘‘samāno’’ti vā ‘‘upasanto’’ti vā ‘‘niruddho’’ti vā ekavacanavasena atthaṃ vattukāmena ‘‘santo sappurisā’’ti evaṃ vuttabahuvacanasadisaṃ ‘‘santo’’ti ekavacanaṃ vattabbaṃ. Teyevatthe bahuvacanavasena vattukāmena pana ‘‘santā sūnehi pādehi, ko ne hatthe gahessatī’’ti ettha viya ‘‘santā’’ti bahuvacanaṃ vattabbaṃ. Ayaṃ nīti sādhukaṃ manasi kātabbā. Idañhi mandabuddhīnaṃ sammohaṭṭhānaṃ. Ayampi panettha saṅgaho veditabbo –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tiliṅgatthe ca ekatthe, bavhatthepi ca dissati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sattamyanto <span class="bld">sati</span>saddo, vipallāse bahumhi so’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">mahanta</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mahaṃ, mahā, mahanto, mahantā. Mahantaṃ, mahante. Mahatā, mahantena, mahantehi, mahantebhi. Mahato, mahantassa, mahantānaṃ, mahataṃ. Mahatā, mahantā, mahantasmā, mahantamhā, mahantehi, mahantebhi. Mahato, mahantassa, mahantānaṃ, mahataṃ. Mahati, mahante, mahantasmiṃ, mahantamhi, mahantesu. Bho maha, bho mahā, bhavanto mahantoti ayamamhākaṃ ruci.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ‘‘mahanto, mahantā. Mahantaṃ, mahante. Mahantenā’’ti <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayopi labbhati, tasmā ‘‘bho mahanta, bhavanto mahantā’’ti ālapanapadāni yojetabbāni. Napuṃsakaliṅge vattabbe <a name="M0.0239"></a> ‘‘mahantaṃ, mahantānī’’ti <span class="bld">citta</span>nayopi labbhati. Itthiliṅge vattabbe ‘‘mahatī, mahatī, mahatiyo. Mahatiṃ, mahatī, mahatiyo. Mahatiyā, mahatīhi mahatībhī’’ti <span class="bld">itthi</span>nayopi labbhati. ‘‘Mahatiyā ca yakkhasenāyā’’tiādīnettha nidassanapadāni. Aparopi ‘‘mahantā, mahantā, mahantāyo. Mahanta’’nti <span class="bld">kaññā</span>nayopi labbhati, ‘‘mahantā nidhikumbhiyo’’tiādīnettha nidassanapadāni. <span class="bld">Kaccāyane</span> pana ‘‘mahantī’’iti padaṃ diṭṭhaṃ. Taṃ ‘‘guṇavantī, kulavantī’’iccādīni viya pāḷiyaṃ appasiddhattā vīmaṃsitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu bho yasmā sāsanepi ‘‘gacchantī, carantī’’tiādīni ca ‘‘iddhimantī’’ti ca padaṃ dissati, tasmā ‘‘mahantī, guṇavantī’’tiādīnipi bhavitabbanti? Na bhavitabbaṃ tathārūpassa nayassa vasena aggahetabbattā, ‘‘mahatī, guṇavatī’’iccādinayasseva dassanato ca. Tathā hi pāḷiyaṃ aṭṭhakathāsu ca ‘‘seyyathāpi nāma mahatī naṅgalasīsā, itthī siyā rūpavatī, sā ca sīlavatī siyā. Satimatī cakkhumatī. Iddhimatī pattimatī’’ti ca ‘‘mahatiṃ senaṃ disvā mahosadhasenā mandā, ayaṃ ativiya mahatī senā dissatī’’ti ca ādīni payogāni dissanti, na ‘‘mahantī, rūpavantī’’iccādīni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci pana <span class="bld">‘‘mahā</span>iti saddo byāse na labbhati, samāseyeva labbhati ‘mahāpuriso’ti ettha viyā’’ti vadanti, taṃ na gahetabbaṃ. ‘‘Mahā te upāsaka pariccāgo. Mahā vatāyaṃ bhante bhūmicālo. Ghoso ca vipulo mahā. Bārāṇasirajjaṃ nāma mahā. Senā sādissate mahā’’ti payogadassanato. Evaṃ byāsepi labbhatīti <a name="M0.0240"></a> veditabbaṃ, tasmā ‘‘mahaṃ, mahā, mahanto, mahantā. Bho mahanta, bhavanto mahantā’’ti pulliṅge, ‘‘mahantaṃ, mahā, mahantāni. Bho mahanta, bhavanto mahantānī’’ti napuṃsakaliṅge, ‘‘mahantā, mahā, mahantā, mahantāyo. Bhoti mahante, bhotiyo mahantā, mahantāyo’’ti itthiliṅge sabbaṃ sampuṇṇaṃ yojetabbaṃ. Samāse pana ‘‘mahāsatto mahāupāsako mahāupāsikā mahabbalo mahāvanaṃ mahaggataṃ mahapphalaṃ mahabbhaya’’ntiādīni rūpāni bhavanti, taddhite ‘‘mahattano mahattaṃ mahantattaṃ mahantatā’’ti rūpāni bhavanti. <span class="bld">Gacchanta</span>saddassa pana ‘‘gacchanto gacchantā’’ti rūpāni vatvā sesāni <span class="bld">mahanta</span>sadde vuttanayena vitthāretvā nāmikapadamālā veditabbā. Tathā ‘‘gacchanto, gacchantā’’ti <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayo ca ‘‘gacchantaṃ, gacchantānī’’ti <span class="bld">citta</span>nayo ca ‘‘gacchantī, gacchantī, gacchantiyo’’ti <span class="bld">itthi</span>nayo ca gahetabbo. Evaṃ liṅgattayavasena ‘‘caraṃ caranto carantaṃ carantī, dadaṃ dadanto dadantaṃ dadantī’’tiādīnaṃ anekapadasahassānaṃ nāmikapadamālā vitthāretabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ye panācariyā ‘‘gacchanto’’tiādīnaṃ paccattālapanabahuvacanattañca ‘‘gacchaṃ’’iccādīnaṃ ālapanekavacanattañca icchanti, te samamhehi payogo sāsane na diṭṭho nayavasenāgahetabbattā. Tasmā tāni ettha na vadāma. Ayaṃ pana viseso diṭṭho. Seyyathidaṃ?</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Gacchaṃ vidhama’’miccādi-padāni munisāsane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Katthacākhyātikā honti, katthaci pana nāmikā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tassāhaṃ santike gacchaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">So me satthā bhavissati;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Vidhamaṃ deva te raṭṭhaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Putto vessantaro tava.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Adhammaṃ <a name="M0.0241"></a> sārathi kayirā, mañce tvaṃ nikkhanaṃ vane’’;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Iccevamādayo ñeyyā, payogā ettha dhīmatā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Gacchissāmi vidhamī’’ti-ādinā jinasāsane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nānākālapurisānaṃ, vasenatthaṃ vade vidū.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nāmatte pana ‘‘gacchanto, vidhamanto’’tiādinā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Gaccha’’miccevamādīna-matthamatthavidū vade.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni samagatikattepi ‘‘jānaṃ, passa’’ntiādīnaṃ liṅgavibhattivacanantaravasena yo viseso dissati, taṃ vadāma. Tathā hi ‘‘sā jānaṃyeva āha na jānāmīti, passaṃyeva āha na passāmī’’ti evamādīsu <span class="bld">jānaṃ passaṃ</span> saddānaṃ ‘‘jānantī passantī’’ti liṅgantaravasena parivattanaṃ bhavatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Iminā ‘‘gacchaṃ’’iti saddassapi yathāpayogaṃ ‘‘gacchantī’’ti itthiyā kathanattho labbhati tehi samānagatikattā, na ‘‘gacchanto’’ti saddassa ‘‘gacchantī’’ti itthiyā kathanattho labbhati tehi asamānagatikattāti kāraṇaṃ dassitaṃ hoti. ‘‘Api nu tumhe āyasmanto ekantasukhaṃ lokaṃ jānaṃ passaṃ viharathā’’ti ettha ‘‘jānantā passantā’’ti vacanantaravasena parivattanaṃ bhavatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Iminā pana ‘‘gacchaṃ’’iti saddassapi yathāpayogaṃ ‘‘gacchantā’’ti bahuvacanattho labbhati tehi samānagatikattā, na ‘‘gacchante’’ti saddassa ‘‘gacchantā’’ti bahuvacanattho labbhati tehi asamānagatikattāti kāraṇaṃ dassitaṃ hoti. Esa nayo uttaratrāpi. ‘‘Bharanti mātāpitaro, pubbe katamanussara’’nti ettha <span class="bld">anussaraṃ</span>saddassa ‘‘anussarantā’’ti vacanantaravasena parivattanaṃ bhavati. ‘‘Saddhammo garukātabbo, saraṃ buddhāna sāsana’’nti ettha <span class="bld">saraṃ</span>saddassa sarantenāti vibhattantaravasena parivattanaṃ bhavati. ‘‘Phusaṃ bhūtāni saṇṭhānaṃ, manasā gaṇhato <a name="M0.0242"></a> yathā’’ti ettha <span class="bld">phusaṃ</span>saddassapi ‘‘phusantassā’’ti vibhattantaravasena parivattanaṃ bhavati. Tathā ‘‘yācaṃ adadamappiyo’’ti etthāpi <span class="bld">yācaṃ</span>saddassa ‘‘yācantassā’’ti vibhattantaravasena parivattanaṃ bhavati. <span class="bld">Yāca</span>nti vā yācitabbaṃ dhanaṃ, iminā nayena nānappakārato parivattanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Iti ‘‘bhavaṃkara’’ntiādīnaṃ visadisapadamālā ca ‘‘gacchaṃ, cara’’ntiādīnaṃ sadisapadamālā ca ‘‘jānaṃ, passa’’ntiādīnaṃ liṅgavibhattivacanantaravasena katthaci parivattananti ayaṃ tividhopi ākāro ākhyātikapadatthavibhāvanāya saddhiṃ kathito pāvacanavare sotūnaṃ saddesvatthesu ca visāradabuddhipaṭilābhatthaṃ. Sabbametañhi sandhāya imā gāthā vuttā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhavaṃ karaṃ arahaṃ saṃ, mahaṃ’’iti padāni tu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Visadisāni sambhonti, aññamaññanti lakkhaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Gacchaṃ caraṃ dadaṃ tiṭṭhaṃ, cintayaṃ bhāvayaṃ vadaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Jānaṃ passa’’ntiādīni, samānāni bhavanti hi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tatra ‘‘jāna’’ntiādīnaṃ, katthaci parivattanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Liṅgavibhattivacana-ntarato pana dissatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica ayaṃ sabbesampi niggahītantapulliṅgānaṃ pakati, yadidaṃ dvīsu liṅgesu chasu vibhattīsu terasasu vacanesu aññataraliṅgavibhattivacanavasena parivattanaṃ. Ayampi panettha nīti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Gacchaṃ cara’’ntiādīni, vippakatavaco siyuṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Gacchamāno caramāno’’, iccādīni padāni ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Mahaṃ bhava’’nti etāni, vippakatavacopi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Avippakatavaco ca, siyuṃ atthānurūpato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Arahaṃ <a name="M0.0243"></a> sa’’nti etāni, vinimuttāni sabbathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ākāraṃ tividhampetaṃ, kare citte sumedhasoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Savinicchayoyaṃ niggahītantapulliṅgānaṃ pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ā</span>kārantatāpakatikaṃ niggahītantapulliṅgaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">dhanabhūti</span>iccetassa pakatirūpassa aññesañca taṃsadisānaṃ nāmikapadamālāvibhāgaṃ vakkhāmi pubbācariyamataṃ purecaraṃ katvā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aggi, aggī, aggayo. Aggiṃ, aggī, aggayo. Agginā, aggīhi, aggībhi. Aggissa, aggino, aggīnaṃ. Agginā, aggīhi, aggībhi. Aggissa, aggino, aggīnaṃ. Aggismiṃ, aggimhi, aggīsu. Bho aggi, bho aggī, bhavanto aggayo. <span class="bld">Yamakamahāthera</span>mataṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha kiñcāpi nissakkavacanaṭṭhāne ‘‘aggismā, aggimhā’’ti imāni nāgatāni, tathāpi tattha tattha taṃsadisappayogadassanato gahetabbāni. ‘‘Agginā, aggismā, aggimhā’’ti kamo ca veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dhanabhūti, dhanabhūtī, dhanabhūtayo. Dhanabhūtiṃ, dhanabhūtī, dhanabhūtayo. Dhanabhūtinā, dhanabhūtīhi, dhanabhūtībhi. Dhanabhūtissa, dhanabhūtino, dhanabhūtīnaṃ. Dhanabhūtinā, dhanabhūtismā, dhanabhūtimhā, dhanabhūtīhi, dhanabhūtībhi. Dhanabhūtissa, dhanabhūtino, dhanabhūtīnaṃ. Dhanabhūtismiṃ, dhanabhūtimhi, dhanabhūtīsu. Bho dhanabhūti, bho dhanabhūtī, bhavanto dhanabhūtayo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Siribhūti sotthibhūti, suvatthibhūti aggini;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Gini joti dadhi pāṇi, isi sandhi muni maṇi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Byādhi <a name="M0.0244"></a> gaṇṭhi ravi muṭṭhi, kavi giri kapi nidhi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kucchi vatthi vidhi sāli, vīhi rāsi ahi masi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sāti kesi kimi bondi, bodhi dīpi pati hari;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ari dhani timi kali, sārathyudadhi añjali,</p>
<p class="gatha1">Adhipati narapati, asi ñāti nirūpadhi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samādhi jaladhiccādī, <span class="bld">dhanabhūti</span>samā matā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā etesu <span class="bld">adhipati</span>saddassa ‘‘adhipatiyā sattā’’ti pāḷidassanato ‘‘adhipatiyā’’ti sattamīrūpampi icchitabbaṃ. Apica ‘‘asāre sāramatino’’ti pāḷiyaṃ <span class="bld">i</span>kārantasamāsapadato <span class="bld">yo</span>vacanassa <span class="bld">no</span>ādesadassanato kvaci <span class="bld">adhipati</span>iccādīnaṃ <span class="bld">i</span>kārantasamāsapadānaṃ ‘‘adhipatino’’tiādināpi paccattopayogarūpāni icchitabbāni <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantānaṃ daṇḍīsaddādīnaṃ ‘‘daṇḍino’’tiādīni paccattopayogasampadānasāmivacanarūpāni viya. <span class="bld">Gahapatijānipati</span>saddādīnaṃ pana samāsapadānampi evarūpāni paccattopayogarūpāni na icchitabbāni ‘‘gahapatayo jānipatayo’’tiādinā nayena yathāpāvacanaṃ gahetabbarūpattā. <span class="bld">Isi muni</span>saddānaṃ panālapanaṭṭhāne ‘‘ise, muse’’ti rūpantarampi gahetabbaṃ ‘‘putto uppajjataṃ ise. Paṭiggaṇha mahāmune’’ti dassanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ye panettha amhehi <span class="bld">aggini gini</span>saddā vuttā, tatreke evaṃ vadanti <span class="bld">‘‘aggini</span>saddo paccattekavacanabhāveyeva labbhati, na paccattabahuvacanabhāve upayogabhāvādīsu vā’’ti. Keci pana ‘‘pāḷiyaṃ <span class="bld">aggini</span>saddo nāma natthi, <span class="bld">gini</span>saddoyeva atthī’’ti vadanti. Keci <span class="bld">‘‘gini</span>saddo nāma natthi, <span class="bld">aggini</span>saddoyevatthī’’ti <a name="M0.0245"></a> vadanti. Sabbametaṃ na yujjati <span class="bld">aggini gini</span>saddānamupalabbhanato, sabbāsupi vibhattīsu dvīsu vacanesu yojetabbatādassanato ca. Tathā hi suttanipāte <span class="bld">kokālikasutte</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Na hi vaggu vadanti vadantā,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Nābhijavanti na tāṇamupenti;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Aṅgāre santhate senti,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Agginiṃ sampajjalitaṃ pavisantī’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Imasmiṃ padese ‘‘aggini’’nti upayogavacanaṃ dissati. Tenāha aṭṭhakathācariyo <span class="bld">‘‘agginiṃ sampajjalita</span>nti samantatojālaṃ sabbadisāsu ca sampajjalitamaggi’’nti. Tatreva ca suttanipāte <span class="bld">kokālikasutte</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Atha lohamayaṃ pana kumbhiṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Agginisañjalitaṃ pavisanti;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Paccanti hi tāsu cirarattaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Agginisamāsu samuplavāte’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Imasmiṃ padese samāsavisayattā <span class="bld">agginisañjalita</span>nti agginīhi sañjalitanti attho labbhati, tathā <span class="bld">agginisamāsū</span>ti agginīhi sadisāsūti atthopi. Evaṃ samāsavidhānamukhena ‘‘agginīhī’’ti karaṇavacanampi dissati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Gini</span>saddopi ca pāḷiyaṃ dissati. Tathā hi ‘‘tameva kaṭṭhaṃ dahati, yasmā so jāyate ginī’’ti <span class="bld">cūḷabodhicariyāyaṃ gini</span>saddo diṭṭho. Keci panettha sandhivasena <span class="bld">a</span>kāralopaṃ saññogādissa ca <span class="bld">ga</span>kārassa lopaṃ vadanti, tampi na yujjati tassā pāḷiyā aṭṭhakathāyaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yasmā</span>ti <a name="M0.0246"></a> yato kaṭṭhā. <span class="bld">Ginī</span>ti aggī’’ti evaṃ <span class="bld">gini</span>saddassa ulliṅgetvā vacanato. Tathā ‘‘channā kuṭi āhito ginī’’ti imassa <span class="bld">dhaniyasutta</span>ssa aṭṭhakathāyaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘āhito</span>ti ābhato jālito vā. <span class="bld">Ginī</span>ti aggī’’ti vacanato, tatheva ca ‘‘mahāgini pajjalito, anāhāropasammatī’’ti imissā <span class="bld">theragāthāya</span> saṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ginī</span>ti aggī’’ti vacanato. Yadi hi <span class="bld">gini</span>saddo visuṃ na siyā, aṭṭhakathācariyā ‘‘jāyate ginī’’tiādīni ‘‘jāyate agginī’’tiādinā padacchedavasena atthaṃ vadeyyuṃ. Yasmā evaṃ na vadiṃsu, <span class="bld">‘‘ginī</span>ti aggī’’ti pana vadiṃsu, tena ñāyati <span class="bld">‘‘gini</span>saddopi visuṃ atthī’’ti. Ye <span class="bld">‘‘gini</span>saddo natthī’’ti vadanti, tesaṃ vacanaṃ na gahetabbameva sāsane ginisaddassupalabbhanato. <span class="bld">Suttanipātaṭṭhakathā</span>yañhi ‘‘channā kuṭi āhito ginī’’ti pāṭhassa saṃvaṇṇanāyameva ‘‘tesu ṭhānesu aggini ‘ginī’ti vohariyatī’’ti tassa abhidhānantaraṃ vuttaṃ, tasmā mayamettha gāthāracanaṃ karissāma –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Videharaṭṭhamajjhamhi, yaṃ taṃ nāmena vissutaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Raṭṭhaṃ pabbataraṭṭhanti, dassaneyyaṃ manoramaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dhammakoṇḍavhayaṃ tattha, nagaraṃ atthi sobhanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tamhi ṭhāne manussānaṃ, bhāsā eva giniccayaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Gini ginī ginayo’’ti-ādinā pavade vidū;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Padamālaṃ yathā aggi-saddasseva sumedhaso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iti <span class="bld">alābu lābu</span>saddā viya <span class="bld">aggini gini</span>saddāpi bhagavato pācane dissantīti veditabbā. Yathā pana <span class="bld">aggini</span>saddassa sabbāsu vibhattīsu dvīsu vacanesu yojetabbatā siddhā, tathā <span class="bld">gini</span>saddassapi siddhāva hoti. Tasmātra –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aggini<a name="M0.0247"></a>, agginī, agginayo. Agginiṃ, agginī, agginayo. Aggininā, agginīhi, agginībhi. Agginissa, agginīnaṃ. Aggininā, agginismā, agginimhā, agginīhi, agginībhi. Agginissa, agginīnaṃ. Agginismiṃ, agginimhi, agginīsu. Bho aggini, bhavanto agginī, bhavanto agginayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Gini, ginī, ginayo. Giniṃ, ginī, ginayo, gininā’’ti sabbaṃ yojetabbaṃ. Iti pāḷinayānusārena <span class="bld">aggini gini</span>saddānaṃ nāmikapadamālā yojitā. Atha vā yathā sakkaṭabhāsāyaṃ <span class="bld">satva paddhasvāminī</span>ti saññogavasena vuttānaṃ saddānaṃ māgadhabhāsaṃ patvā <span class="bld">sattavapadumasuvāminī</span>ti nissaññogavasena uccāritā pāḷi dissati ‘‘tvañca uttamasattavo’’tiādinā, tathā sakkaṭabhāsāyaṃ <span class="bld">agnī</span>ti saññogavasena vuttassa māgadhabhāsaṃ patvā ‘‘agginī’’ti saññoganakāravasena uccāritā pāḷi dissati ‘‘agginiṃ sampajjalitaṃ pavisantī’’tiādikā. Yathā ca veyyākaraṇehi sakkaṭabhāsābhūto <span class="bld">agni</span>saddo sabbāsu vibhattīsu tīsu vacanesu yojiyati, tathā māgadhabhāsābhūto <span class="bld">aggini</span>saddopi sabbāsu vibhattīsu dvīsu vacanesu yojetabbova hoti, tasmā so idhamhehi yojiyati, <span class="bld">gini</span>saddopi <span class="bld">aggini</span>saddena samānatthattā, īsakañca sarūpattā tatheva yojiyatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha siyā – yadi <span class="bld">aggini</span>saddo sabbesu vibhattivacanesu yojetabbo, atha kasmā <span class="bld">kaccāyane</span> ‘‘aggissinī’’ti lakkhaṇena <span class="bld">si</span>mhi pare <span class="bld">aggi</span>saddantassa <span class="bld">ini</span>ādeso dassitoti? Saccaṃ, yathā navakkhattuṃ ṭhapetvā katekasesassa <span class="bld">dasa</span>saddassa <span class="bld">yo</span>vacanamhi <span class="bld">navā</span>desaṃ katvā <span class="bld">yo</span>vacanassa <span class="bld">uti</span>ādesaṃ kasmā ‘‘navutī’’ti rūpe nipphanne puna ‘‘navutī’’ti pakatiṃ ṭhapetvā tato <span class="bld">naṃ</span>vacanaṃ katvā ‘‘navutīna’’nti rūpaṃ nipphāditaṃ<a name="M0.0248"></a>. Itthiliṅge pana <span class="bld">nā</span>diekavacanāni katvā tesaṃ <span class="bld">yā</span>ādesaṃ katvā ‘‘navutiyā’’ti rūpaṃ nipphāditaṃ. Tathā hi ‘‘channavutīnaṃ pāsaṇḍānaṃ dhammānaṃ pavaraṃ yadidaṃ sugatavinayaṃ navutiyā haṃsasahassehi parivuto’’tiādīni payogāni dissanti. Tathā <span class="bld">si</span>mhi <span class="bld">aggi</span>saddantassa <span class="bld">ini</span>ādesakaraṇavasena ‘‘agginī’’ti rūpe nipphannepi puna ‘‘agginī’’ti pakatiṃ ṭhapetvā tato <span class="bld">yoaṃnā</span>dayo vibhattiyo katvā ‘‘aggini, agginī, agginayo. Agginiṃ, agginī, agginayo. Aggininā’’tiādīni kathaṃ na nipphajjissantīti sanniṭṭhānaṃ kātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Savinicchayoyaṃ <span class="bld">i</span>kārantapulliṅgānaṃ pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">I</span>kārantatāpakatikaṃ <span class="bld">i</span>kārantapulliṅgaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">bhāvī</span> iccetassa pakatirūpassa aññesañca taṃsadisānaṃ nāmikapadamālāvibhāgaṃ vakkhāma pubbācariyamataṃ purecaraṃ katvā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Daṇḍī, daṇḍī, daṇḍino. Daṇḍiṃ, daṇḍī, daṇḍino. Daṇḍinā, daṇḍīhi, daṇḍībhi. Daṇḍissa, daṇḍino, daṇḍīnaṃ. Daṇḍinā, daṇḍīhi, daṇḍībhi. Daṇḍissa, daṇḍino, daṇḍīnaṃ. Daṇḍismiṃ, daṇḍimhi, daṇḍīsu. Bho daṇḍi, bho daṇḍī, bhavanto daṇḍino. <span class="bld">Yamakamahāthera</span>mataṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha kiñcāpi ‘‘daṇḍina’’nti upayogekavacanañca ‘‘daṇḍismā, daṇḍimhā’’ti nissakkavacanañca ‘‘daṇḍinī’’ti bhummekavacanañca nāgataṃ, tathāpi tattha tattha taṃsadisassa payogassa dassanato gahetabbameva.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhaṇa <a name="M0.0249"></a> samma anuññāto, atthaṃ dhammañca kevalaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Santi hi daharā pakkhī, paññavanto jutindharā’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented"><span class="bld">Pāḷiyaṃ</span> ‘‘pakkhī’’iti paccattabahuvacanassa dassanato pana ‘‘daṇḍī’’iti paccattopayogabahuvacanāni vuttānīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhāvī, bhāvī, bhāvino. Bhāviṃ, bhāvinaṃ, bhāvī, bhāvino. Bhāvinā, bhāvīhi, bhāvībhi. Bhāvissa, bhāvino, bhāvīnaṃ. Bhāvinā, bhāvismā, bhāvimhā, bhāvīhi, bhāvībhi. Bhāvissa, bhāvino, bhāvīnaṃ. (Bhāvini) bhāvismiṃ, bhāvimhi, bhāvīsu. Bho bhāvi, bho bhāvī, bhavanto bhāvino.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evaṃ vibhāvī sambhāvī, paribhāvī dhajī gaṇī;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sukhī rogī sasī kuṭṭhī, makuṭī kusalī balī.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Jaṭī yogī karī yānī, tomarī musalī phalī;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dantī mantī sudhī medhī, bhāgī bhogī nakhī sikhī.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dhammī saṅghī ñāṇī atthī, hatthī cakkhī pakkhī dāṭhī;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Raṭṭhī chattī mālī cammī, cārī cāgī kāmī sāmī.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Mallakārī pāpakārī, sattughātī dīghajīvī;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dhammavādī sīhanādī, bhūmisāyī sīghayāyī.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vajjadassī ca pāṇī ca, yasassiccādayopi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Etesaṃ koci bhedo tu, ekadesena vuccate.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ī</span>kārantapulliṅgapadesu hi ‘‘vajjadassī, pāṇī’’iccevamādīnaṃ upayogabhummavacanaṭṭhāne ‘‘vajjadassinaṃ, pāṇine’’tiādīnipi rūpāni bhavanti. Ettha ca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nidhīnaṃva pavattāraṃ, yaṃ passe vajjadassinaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ jarā ca maccu ca, adhivattanti pāṇine.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Samupagacchati <a name="M0.0250"></a> sasini gaganatalaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Upahacca manaṃ majjho, mātaṅgasmiṃ yasassine;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ucchinno saha raṭṭhena, majjhāraññaṃ tadā ahu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Susukhaṃ vata jīvāma, verinesu averino’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādayo payogā veditabbā, ayaṃ nayo <span class="bld">daṇḍī</span>padādīsupi labbhateva samānagatikattā <span class="bld">daṇḍī</span>padādīnaṃ <span class="bld">vajjadassī</span>padādīhi. Tasmā upayogaṭṭhāne ‘‘daṇḍiṃ, daṇḍinaṃ, daṇḍino, daṇḍine’’ti yojetabbaṃ. Bhummaṭṭhāne ‘‘daṇḍismiṃ, daṇḍimhi, daṇḍini, daṇḍine, daṇḍīsu, daṇḍinesū’’ti yojetabbaṃ. Esa nayo <span class="bld">gāmaṇī senānī</span>iccādīni vajjetvā yathārahaṃ <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantapulliṅgesu netabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Savinicchayoyaṃ <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantapulliṅgānaṃ pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo.</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">Ī</span>kārantatāpakatikaṃ <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantapulliṅgaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayānaṃ <span class="bld">u</span>kārantapulliṅgānaṃ appasiddhattā aññesaṃ <span class="bld">u</span>kārantapulliṅgānaṃ vasena pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālaṃ pūressāma. Katamāni tāni? ‘‘Bhikkhu hetu setu ketu rāhu bhāṇu khāṇu saṅku ucchu veḷu maccu jantu sindhu bandhu ruru neru sattu babbu paṭu bindu garu’’iccādīni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhikkhu, bhikkhū, bhikkhavo. Bhikkhuṃ, bhikkhū, bhikkhavo. Bhikkhunā, bhikkhūhi, bhikkhūbhi. Bhikkhussa, bhikkhuno, bhikkhūnaṃ. Bhikkhunā, bhikkhusmā, bhikkhumhā, bhikkhūhi, bhikkhūbhi. Bhikkhussa, bhikkhuno, bhikkhūnaṃ. Bhikkhusmiṃ, bhikkhumhi, bhikkhūsu. Bho bhikkhu, bhavanto bhikkhū, bhikkhave, bhikkhavo. <span class="bld">Bhikkhu</span>ādīni aññāni ca taṃsadisāni evaṃ ñeyyāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayampi <a name="M0.0251"></a> panettha viseso ñeyyo – hetu, hetū, hetuyo, hetavo. Hetuṃ, hetū, hetuyo, hetavo. Bho hetu, bhavanto hetū, hetave, hetavo. Sesaṃ <span class="bld">bhikkhu</span>samaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā ‘‘hetuyā’’tiādīnaṃ dassanato ‘‘dhenuyā’’ti itthiliṅgarūpena sadisaṃ ‘‘hetuyā’’ti pulliṅgarūpampi sattamīṭhāne icchitabbaṃ. Kānici hi pulliṅgarūpāni kehici itthiliṅgarūpehi sadisāni bhavanti. Taṃ yathā? ‘‘Uṭṭhehi katte taramāno. Ehi bālekhamāpehi, kusarājaṃ mahabbalaṃ. Bhātarā mātarā adhipatiyā rattiyā hetuyo dhenuyo matyā petyā’’ti evaṃ nayadassanena ‘‘hetuyā tīṇi. Adhipatiyā satta. Uṭṭhehi katte’’tiādīsu liṅgavipallāsacintā na uppādetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Jantu, jantū, jantuyo, jantuno, jantavo. Jantuṃ, jantū, jantuyo, jantuno, jantavo. Bho jantu, bhavanto jantū, jantave jantavo. Sesaṃ <span class="bld">bhikkhu</span>samaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Garu, garū, garavo, garuno. Garuṃ, garū, garavo, garuno. Bho garu, bhavanto garū, garavo, garuno. Sesaṃ <span class="bld">bhikkhu</span>samaṃ. Ettha pana ‘‘bhattu ca garuno sabbe, paṭipūjeti paṇḍitā’’tipāḷinidassanaṃ. Tatra ‘‘bhikkhave’’ti āmantanapadaṃ cuṇṇiyapadesveva dissati, na gāthāsu. ‘‘Bhikkhavo’’ti paccattapadaṃ gāthāsuyeva dissati, na cuṇṇiyapadesu, apica ‘‘bhikkhave’’ti āmantanapadaṃ sāvakassa bhikkhūnaṃ āmantanapāḷiyaṃ sandhivisayeyeva dissati, na asandhivisaye, buddhassa pana bhikkhūnaṃ āmantanapāḷiyaṃ sandhivisayepi asandhivisayepi dissati. ‘‘Bhikkhavo’’ti āmantanapadaṃ buddhassa bhikkhūnaṃ āmantanapāḷiyaṃ gāthāsu ca dissati<a name="M0.0252"></a>, cuṇṇiyapadesu ca sandhivisayeyeva dissati. Sāvakassa pana bhikkhūnaṃ āmantanapāḷiyaṃ na dissatīti ayaṃ dvinnaṃ viseso daṭṭhabbo. Tathā hi ‘‘evañca pana bhikkhave imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyāthā’’tiādīsu ‘‘bhikkhave’’ti padaṃ cuṇṇiyapadesveva diṭṭhaṃ. ‘‘Bhikkhavo tisatā ime, yācanti pañjalīkatā’’tiādīsu ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti paccattapadaṃ gāthāsuyeva diṭṭhaṃ. ‘‘Āyasmā sāriputto bhikkhū āmantesi āvuso bhikkhave’’ti evamādīsu sāvakassa bhikkhūnaṃ āmantanapāḷīsu sandhivisayeyeva ‘‘bhikkhave’’ti padaṃ diṭṭhaṃ. ‘‘Bhikkhū āmantesi sotukāmattha bhikkhave’’ti ‘‘idha bhikkhave bhikkhū’’tiādīsu pana buddhassa bhikkhūnaṃ āmantanapāḷīsu sandhivisayāvisayesu ‘‘bhikkhave’’ti padaṃ diṭṭhaṃ. ‘‘Araññe rukkhamūle vā, suññāgāreva bhikkhavo’’ti ‘‘tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi bhikkhavo’’ti evamādīsu buddhassa bhikkhūnaṃ āmantanapāḷīsu ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti āmantanapadaṃ gāthāsu ca diṭṭhaṃ, cuṇṇiyapadesu ca sandhivisayeyeva diṭṭhaṃ. Iccevaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Cuṇṇiyeva pade diṭṭhaṃ, ‘‘bhikkhave’’ti padaṃ dvidhā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yato pavattate sandhi-visayāvisayesu taṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhikkhavo’’ti padaṃ diṭṭhaṃ, gāthāyañceva cuṇṇiye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Padasmimpi ca sandhissa, visayevāti niddiseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Savinicchayoyaṃ <span class="bld">u</span>kārantapulliṅgānaṃ pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo.</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">U</span>kārantatāpakatikaṃ <span class="bld">u</span>kārantapulliṅgaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni pana <span class="bld">sayambhū</span>iccetassa pakatirūpassa taṃsadisānañca nāmikapadamālaṃ kathayāma –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sayambhū<a name="M0.0253"></a>, sayambhū, sayambhuvo. Sayambhuṃ, sayambhū, sayambhuvo. Sayambhunā, sayambhūhi, sayambhūbhi. Sayambhussa, sayambhuno, sayambhūnaṃ. Sayambhunā, sayambhusmā, sayambhumhā, sayambhūhi, sayambhūbhi. Sayambhussa, sayambhuno, sayambhūnaṃ. Sayambhusmiṃ, sayambhumhi, sayambhūsu. Bho sayambhu, bho sayambhū, bhavanto sayambhū, sayambhuvo. Evaṃ <span class="bld">pabhū abhibhūvibhū</span> iccādīnipi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbaññū, sabbaññū, sabbaññuno. Sabbaññuṃ, sabbaññū, sabbaññuno. Bho sabbaññu, bhavanto sabbaññū, sabbaññuno, sesāsu vibhattīsu padāni <span class="bld">bhikkhu</span>sadisāni bhavanti, evaṃ vidū viññū kataññū maggaññū dhammaññū atthaññū kālaññū rattaññū mattaññū vadaññū avadaññū iccādīni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra ‘‘ye ca laddhā manussattaṃ, vadaññū vītamaccharā’’ti ettha ‘‘vadaññū’’ti paccattabahuvacanassa dassanato <span class="bld">sayambhū sabbaññū</span> iccādīnampi paccattopayogabahuvacanattaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Apica ‘‘vidū, viññū’’tiādīsu ‘‘paracittavidunī’’ti itthiliṅgadassanato itthiliṅge vattabbe ‘‘vidunī, vidunī, viduniyo. Viduniṃ, vidunī, viduniyo. Viduniyā’’ti <span class="bld">itthi</span>nayena padamālā kātabbā. Tathā ‘‘viññū paṭibalā subhāsitadubbhāsitaṃ duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ ājānitu’’nti ettha ‘‘viññū’’ti itthiliṅgadassanato ‘‘kodhanā akataññū ca, pisuṇā mittabhedikā’’ti ettha ca ‘‘akataññū’’ti itthiliṅgadassanatopi ‘‘viññū, viññū, viññuyo. Viññuṃ, viññū, viññuyo. Viññuyā’’ti ca ‘‘kataññū, kataññū, kataññuyo. Kataññuṃ, kataññū, kataññuyo, kataññuyāti ca <span class="bld">jambū</span>nayena padamālā kātabbā. Evaṃ ‘‘maggaññū, dhammaññū’’iccādīsupi. ‘‘Sayambhū’’ti pade pana <a name="M0.0254"></a> ‘‘sayambhu ñāṇaṃ gotrabhu citta’’nti dassanato napuṃsakaliṅgatte vattabbe ‘‘sayambhu, sayambhū, sayambhūni. Sayambhuṃ, sayambhū, sayambhūnī’’ti napuṃsake <span class="bld">āyu</span>nayopi gahetabbo. Esa nayo sesesupi yathārahaṃ gahetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Savinicchayoyaṃ <span class="bld">ū</span>kārantapulliṅgānaṃ pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo.</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">Ū</span>kārantatāpakatikaṃ <span class="bld">ū</span>kārantapulliṅgaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti sabbathāpi pulliṅgānaṃ pakatirūpassa</p>
<p class="centered">Nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo samatto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā panāyaṃ samattopi pāvacanādīsu yaṃ yaṃ ṭhānaṃ sotūnaṃ sammuyhanaṭṭhānaṃ dissati, tattha tattha sotūnamanuggahāya codanāsodhanāvasena saṃsayaṃ samugghāṭetvā puna vattabbo hoti, tasmā kiñci padesamettha kathayāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yaṃ kira bho pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘saññate brahmacārayo, apace brahmacārayo’’ti ca rūpaṃ <span class="bld">i</span>kārantassa <span class="bld">aggi</span>saddassa ‘‘aggayo’’ti rūpamiva vuttaṃ, taṃ tathā avatvā <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantassa <span class="bld">daṇḍī</span>saddassa ‘‘daṇḍino’’ti rūpamiva ‘‘brahmacārino’’icceva vattabbanti? Saccaṃ, tattha ‘‘brahmaṃ caratīti brahmacāri yathā munātīti munī’’ti evaṃ <span class="bld">i</span>kārantavasena icchitattā. ‘‘Munayo aggayo’’ti rūpāni viya ‘‘brahmacārayo’’ti rūpaṃ bhavati. Aññattha pana ‘‘brahmaṃ caraṇasīloti brahmacārī, yathā dukkaṭaṃ kammaṃ karaṇasīloti dukkaṭakammakārī’’ti evaṃ tassīlatthaṃ gahetvā <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantavasena gahaṇe ‘‘dukkaṭakammakārino’’ti rūpamiva ‘‘daṇḍo assa atthīti daṇḍī’’ti <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantassa saddassa ‘‘daṇḍino’’ti rūpamiva ca ‘‘brahmacārino’’ti rūpaṃ bhavati. Tathā hi ‘‘ime hi nāma dhammacārino samacārino brahmacārino saccavādino <a name="M0.0255"></a> sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā paṭijānissantī’’ti pāḷi dissati. Evaṃ <span class="bld">i</span>kārantavasena ‘‘brahmacārayo’’ti paccattopayogālapanabahuvacanarūpaṃ yujjati, puna <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantavasena ‘‘brahmacārino’’ti paccattopayogālapanabahuvacanarūpampi yujjati, tasmā ‘‘brahmacāri, brahmacārī, brahmacārayo’’ti <span class="bld">aggi</span>nayena, ‘‘brahmacārī, brahmacārī, brahmacārino’’ti <span class="bld">daṇḍī</span>nayena ca padamālā gahetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yaṃ pana āyasmā <span class="bld">buddhaghoso</span> ‘‘yathā sobhanti yatino, sīlabhūsanabhūsitā’’ti ettha <span class="bld">yati</span>saddassa <span class="bld">i</span>kārantassa <span class="bld">aggi</span>saddassa ‘‘aggayo’’ti rūpaṃ viya ‘‘yatayo’’ti rūpaṃ avatvā kasmā <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantassa <span class="bld">daṇḍī</span>saddassa ‘‘daṇḍino’’ti rūpaṃ viya ‘‘yatino’’ti rūpaṃ dasseti. Nanvesā pamādalekhā viya dissati. Yathā hi ‘‘kukkuṭā maṇayo daṇḍā sivayo deva te kuddhā’’ti pāḷigatiyā upaparikkhiyamānāya ‘‘yatayo’’ti rūpeneva bhavitabbaṃ <span class="bld">i</span>kārantattāti? Nāyaṃ pamādalekhā. ‘‘Vadanasīlo vādī’’ti ettha viya tassīlatthaṃ gahetvā <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantavasena yojane niddosattā, tasmā ‘‘yatanasīlo yatī’’ti evaṃ tassīlatthaṃ cetasi sannidhāya <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantavasena ‘‘yatino’’ti sampadānasāmīnamekavacanasadisaṃ paccattabahuvacanarūpaṃ bhadantena buddhaghosena dassitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Upayogālapanabahuvacanarūpampi tādisameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yattha pana tassīlatthaṃ aggahetvā ‘‘yo munāti ubho loke, muni tena pavuccatī’’ti ettha viya ‘‘yatati vīriyaṃ karotīti yatī’’ti kattukārakavasena <span class="bld">i</span>kārantabhāvo gayhati. Tattha ‘‘munayo maṇayo sivayo’’ti <span class="bld">yo</span>kārantarūpāni viya ‘‘yatayo’’ti <span class="bld">yo</span>kārantaṃ paccattabahuvacanarūpañca <a name="M0.0256"></a> upayogālapanabahuvacanarūpañca bhavati, evaṃ <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantapulliṅgānaṃ tīsu ṭhānesu <span class="bld">yo</span>kārantāneva rūpāni bhavantīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi evaṃ <span class="bld">i</span>kārantapulliṅgānaṃ sāramati suddhadiṭṭhisammādiṭṭhimicchādiṭṭhivajirabuddhi saddādī kathanti? Etesaṃ pana <span class="bld">i</span>kārantavasena niddiṭṭhānampi samāsapadattā <span class="bld">aggi</span>naye aṭṭhatvā yathāsambhavaṃ <span class="bld">daṇḍī</span>naye tiṭṭhanato <span class="bld">no</span>kārantāneva rūpāni. Tathā hi ‘‘asāre sāramatino’’ti <span class="bld">no</span>kārantapaccattabahuvacanapāḷi dissati, upayogālapanabahuvacanarūpampi tādisameva daṭṭhabbaṃ. Nanu ca bho <span class="bld">kaccāyana</span>ppakaraṇe ‘‘atthe visāradamatayo’’ti ettha samāsapadassa ikārantapulliṅgassa <span class="bld">yo</span>kārantassa paccattabahuvacanapāṭhassa dassanato <span class="bld">sāramati</span>saddādīnampi ‘‘visāradamatayo’’ti rūpena viya <span class="bld">yo</span>kārantehi rūpehi bhavitabbanti? Napi bhavitabbaṃ buddhavacane samāsapadānaṃ <span class="bld">i</span>kārantapulliṅgānaṃ ‘‘visāradamatayo’’ti rūpasadisassa rūpassa adassanatoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca bho buddhavacane ‘‘pañcime gahapatayo ānisaṃsā. Te honti jānipatayo, aññamaññaṃ piyaṃvadā’’ti samāsapadānaṃ <span class="bld">i</span>kārantapulliṅgānaṃ ‘‘visāradamatayo’’ti rūpasadisāni <span class="bld">yo</span>kārantāni rūpāni dissanti. Evaṃ sante kasmā ‘‘buddhavacane samāsapadānaṃ <span class="bld">i</span>kārantapulliṅgānaṃ ‘‘visāradamatayo’’ti rūpasadisassa <span class="bld">yo</span>kārantassa rūpassa adassanato’’ti vuttanti? Ettha vuccate – visadisattaṃ paṭicca. <span class="bld">Gahapati</span>saddādīsu hi yasmā <span class="bld">pati</span>saddo sabhāveneva pulliṅgo, na tu samāsato pubbe itthiliṅgapakatiko hutvā pacchā pulliṅgabhāvaṃ patto, tasmā īdisesu ṭhānesu ‘‘gahapatayo, jānipatayo’’ti <span class="bld">yo</span>kārantāni, ‘‘senāpatayo, senāpatino’’ti <span class="bld">yo no</span>kārantāni <a name="M0.0257"></a> ca paccattopayogālapanabahuvacanarūpāni bhavanti. Tathā hi ‘‘tattakā senāpatino’’ti aṭṭhakathāpāṭho dissati. Yasmā pana sāramati suddhadiṭṭhisammādiṭṭhi micchādiṭṭhi vajirabuddhi saddādīsu <span class="bld">matidiṭṭhi</span>saddādayo samāsato pubbe itthiliṅgapakatikā hutvā pacchā bahubbīhisamāsavasena pulliṅgabhāvappattā, tasmā īdisesu ṭhānesu ‘‘sāramatino suddhadiṭṭhino sammādiṭṭhino micchādiṭṭhino vajirabuddhino’’tiādīni<span class="bld">’no</span>kārantāniyeva paccattopayogālapanabahuvacanarūpāni bhavanti, sampadānasāmīnamekavacanehi sadisānīti niṭṭhametthāvagantabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Seṭṭhi sārathicakkavattisāmi</span>iccetesu kathanti? Ettha pana ayaṃ viseso veditabbo – katthaci pāṭhe ‘‘seṭṭhī sārathī cakkavattī sāmī’’ti antakkharassa dīghattaṃ dissati, katthaci pana ‘‘seṭṭhi sārathi cakkavatti sāmi’’iti antakkharassa rassattaṃ dissati. Kiñcāpi rassattametesaṃ dissati, tathāpi tattha tattha paccattavacanādibhāvena ‘‘seṭṭhino sārathino’’tiādipayogadassanato rassaṃ katvā etāni uccāriyantīti ñāyati, tasmā evaṃ nibbacanattho gahetabbo – seṭṭhaṃ dhanasāraṃ, ṭhānantaraṃ vā assa atthīti <span class="bld">seṭṭhī</span>. Assadammādayo sāraṇasīloti <span class="bld">sārathī</span>. Cakkaṃ pavattanasīloti <span class="bld">cakkavattī</span>. Saṃ etassa atthīti <span class="bld">sāmī</span>ti. Assatthikatassīlatthasaddā hi <span class="bld">no</span>kārantarūpavasena samānagatikā bhavanti yathā ‘‘daṇḍino bhūmisāyino’’ti. Aparopi nibbacanattho <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantavasena assadammādayo sāretīti <span class="bld">sārathī</span>. Tathā hi ‘‘purisadamme sāretīti purisadammasārathī’’ti vuttaṃ. Cakkaṃ vattetīti cakkavattī. Evaṃ kattukārakavasena <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantattaṃ gahetvā katthaci labbhamānampi <span class="bld">i</span>kārantattaṃ anapekkhitvā buddhavacanānurūpena ‘‘sārathino <a name="M0.0258"></a> cakkavattino’’tiādīni <span class="bld">no</span>kārantarūpāni gahetvā <span class="bld">daṇḍī</span>nayena yojetabbāni ‘‘daṇḍinī’’tiādikaṃ vajjitabbaṃ vajjetvā. Evaṃ ‘‘seṭṭhino sārathino cakkavattino sāmino’’tiādīni <span class="bld">no</span>kārantāniyeva rūpāni ñeyyāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atra kiñci payogaṃ nidassanamattaṃ kathayāma. ‘‘Tāta tayo seṭṭhino amhākaṃ bahūpakārā’’ti ca ‘‘te katabhattakiccā ‘mahāseṭṭhino mayaṃ gamissāmā’ti vadiṃsū’’ti ca ‘‘sārathino āhaṃsū’’ti ca ‘‘dve cakkavattino’’ti ca evamādīni. Tattha kiñcāpi katthaci ‘‘seṭṭhi sārathi’’iccādi rassattapāṭho dissati, tathāpi so sabhāvena rassattabhāvo pāṭho na hoti, dīghassa rassattakaraṇapāṭhoti veditabbo. Padamālā cassa vuttanayena veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mahesī</span>ti ettha kathanti? ‘‘Mahesī’’ti ettha kiñcāpi <span class="bld">mahesī</span>saddo <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantavasena niddisiyati, tathāpi <span class="bld">isi</span>saddena samānagatikattā <span class="bld">isi</span>saddassa <span class="bld">aggi</span>saddena samānapadamālattā <span class="bld">aggi</span>nayena padamālā kātabbā. Nanu ca bho ettha tassīlattho dissati ‘‘mahante sīlakkhandhādayo dhamme esanasīloti mahesī’’ti, tasmā ‘‘bhūmisāyī’’ti padassa viya <span class="bld">daṇḍī</span>nayeneva padamālā kātabbāti? Na kātabbā tassīlatthassa asambhavato. Imassa hi ‘‘mahante sīlakkhandhādayo dhamme esi gavesi esitvā ṭhitoti mahesī’’ti atassīlattho eva yujjati. Katakaraṇīyesu buddhādīsu ariyesu pavattanāmattā. <span class="bld">Isi</span>saddena cāyaṃ saddo īsakaṃ samāno kevalaṃ samāsapariyosāne dīghavasena uccāriyati, rassavasena pana ‘‘mahā isi mahesī’’ti sandhiviggaho<a name="M0.0259"></a>. Yasmā rassattaṃ gahetvā tassa padamālākaraṇaṃ yujjati, tasmā ‘‘saṅgāyiṃsu mahesayo’’ti <span class="bld">i</span>kārantarūpaṃ dissati. Na hi sāṭṭhakathe tepiṭake buddhavacane katthacipi catutthīchaṭṭhekavacanarūpaṃ viya ‘‘mahesino’’ti paccattopayogālapanabahuvacanarūpaṃ dissati. Tasmā <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantavasena uccāritassapi sato rassavasena uccāritassa viya ‘‘mahesi, mahesī, mahesayo. Mahesiṃ, mahesī, mahesayo. Mahesinā’’ti padamālā kātabbā. Apica <span class="bld">mahesī</span>saddo yattha rājaggubbarivācako, tattha itthiliṅgo hoti, tabbasena pana ‘‘mahesī, mahesī, mahesiyo. Mahesiṃ, mahesī, mahesiyo. Mahesiyā’’ti ca vakkhamāna<span class="bld">itthī</span>nayena padamālā kātabbā. <span class="bld">Hatthī</span>sadde kathanti? <span class="bld">Hatthī</span>saddassa pana hattho assa atthīti evaṃ <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantavasena gahaṇe ‘‘hatthino’’ti rūpaṃ bhavati. Tathā hi ‘‘vane hatthino’’ti payogo dissati. Tasseva tasmiṃyevatthe rassaṃ katvā gahaṇe ‘‘hatthayo’’ti rūpaṃ bhavati. Tathā hi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Haṃsā koñcā mayūrā ca, hatthayo pasadā migā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sabbe sīhassa bhāyanti, natthi kāyasmi tulyatā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evameva manussesu, daharo cepi paññavā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sopi tattha mahā hoti, neva bālo sarīravā’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Imasmiṃ <span class="bld">keḷisīlajātake</span> ‘‘hatthayo’’ti āhaccapadaṃ dissati. Evamassa <span class="bld">daṇḍī</span>nayena ca <span class="bld">aggi</span>nayena ca dvidhā padamālā, veditabbā. Iminā nayena avuttesupi ṭhānesu pāḷinayānurūpena <a name="M0.0260"></a> porāṇaṭṭhakathānurūpena ca padamālā yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayānaṃ pulliṅgānaṃ nāmikapadamālā saddhiṃ liṅgantarehi saddantarehi atthantarehi ca nānappakārato dassitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Imaṃ saddanītiṃ sunītiṃ vicittaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sapaññehi sammā parīpālanīyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Sadā suṭṭhu cinteti vāceti yo so,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Naro ñāṇavitthinnataṃ yāti seṭṭhaṃ.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti navaṅge sāṭṭhakathe piṭakattaye byappathagatīsu viññūnaṃ</p>
<p class="centered">Kosallatthāya kate saddanītippakaraṇe</p>
<p class="centered">Savinicchayo niggahītantādipulliṅgānaṃ</p>
<p class="centered">Pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo</p>
<p class="centered">Sattamo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="centered">Sabbathāpi pulliṅgaṃ samattaṃ.</p>
<p class="chapter">8. Itthiliṅganāmikapadamālā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha itthiliṅgesu <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantassa <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayassa pakatirūpabhūtassa <span class="bld">bhāvikā</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālāyaṃ vattabbāyampi pasiddhassa tāva <span class="bld">kaññā</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālaṃ vakkhāma –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kaññā, kaññā, kaññāyo. Kaññaṃ, kaññā, kaññāyo. Kaññāya, kaññāhi, kaññābhi. Kaññāya, kaññānaṃ. Kaññāya, kaññāhi, kaññābhi. Kaññāya, kaññānaṃ. Kaññāya, kaññāyaṃ, kaññāsu. Bhoti kaññe, bhotiyo kaññā, kaññāyo. Ayamamhākaṃ ruci.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha <a name="M0.0261"></a> ‘‘kaññā’’ti ekavacanabahuvacanavasena vuttaṃ, <span class="bld">niruttipiṭake</span> bahuvacanavasena vutto nayo natthi. Tathā hi tattha ‘‘saddhā tiṭṭhati, saddhāyo tiṭṭhanti. Saddhaṃ passati, saddhāyo passatī’’ti ettakameva vuttaṃ, ‘‘saddhā’’ti bahuvacanaṃ na āgataṃ. Kiñcāpi nāgataṃ, tathāpi ‘‘bāhā paggayha pakkanduṃ, sivikaññā samāgatā. Ahetu appaccayā purisassa saññā uppajjantipi nirujjhantipī’’tiādipāḷidassanato <span class="bld">bāhākaññā saññā</span>saddādīnaṃ bahuvacanatā gahetabbā. <span class="bld">Cūḷaniruttiyaṃ</span> ‘‘bhoti kaññe, bhoti kaññā’’ti dve ekavacanāni vatvā ‘‘bhotiyo kaññāyo’’ti ekaṃ bahuvacanaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Niruttipiṭake</span> pana ‘‘bhoti saddhā’’ti ekavacanaṃ vatvā ‘‘bhotiyo saddhāyo’’ti ekaṃ bahuvacanaṃ vuttaṃ. Mayaṃ panettha ‘‘ehi bāle khamāpehi, kusarājaṃ mahabbalaṃ. Phussatī varavaṇṇābhe. Ehi godhe nivattassū’’tiādipāḷidassanato ‘‘bhoti kaññe, bhotiyo kaññā, kaññāyo’’ti evaṃpakārāniyeva ālapanekavacanabahuvacanāni icchāma. Ettha ‘‘bhoti kaññe’’ti ayaṃ nayo <span class="bld">ammā</span>dīsu <span class="bld">mātā</span>dīsu ca na labbhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhāvikā, bhāvikā, bhāvikāyo. Bhāvikaṃ, bhāvikā, bhāvikāyo. Bhāvikāya, bhāvikāhi, bhāvikābhi. Bhāvikāya, bhāvikānaṃ. Bhāvikāya, bhāvikāhi, bhāvikābhi. Bhāvikāya, bhāvikānaṃ. Bhāvikāya, bhāvikāyaṃ, bhāvikāsu. Bhoti bhāvike, bhotiyo bhāvikā, bhāvikāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ heṭṭhuddiṭṭhānaṃ sabbesaṃ <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayānaṃ ‘‘bhāvanā vibhāvanā’’iccevamādīnaṃ<span class="bld">ā</span>kārantapadānaṃ aññesa<span class="bld">ñcā</span>kārantapadānaṃ nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā. Etthaññāni <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantapadāni nāma <span class="bld">saddhā</span>dīni.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saddhā <a name="M0.0262"></a> medhā paññā vijjā, cintā mantā taṇhā’bhijjhā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Icchā pucchā jāyā māyā, mettā mattā sikkhā saṅkhā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Jaṅghā bāhā gīvā jivhā, vācā chāyā gaṅgā nāvā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Niddā kantā sālā mālā, velā vīṇā bhikkhā lākhā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Gāthā senā lekhā’pekkhā, āsā pūjā esā kaṅkhā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Aññā muddā khiḍḍā bhassā, bhāsā kīḷā sattā cetā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pipāsā vedanā saññā, cetanā tasiṇā pajā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Devatā vaṭṭakā godhā, balākā vasudhā sabhā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ukkā sephālikā sikkā, salākā vālikā sikhā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kāraṇā visikhā sākhā, vacā vañjhā jaṭā ghaṭā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pīḷā soṇḍā vitaṇḍā ca, karuṇā vanitā latā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kathā nindā sudhā rādhā, vāsanā siṃsapā papā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pabhā sīmā khamā ejā,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Khattiyā sakkharā surā;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Dolā tulā silā līlā,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Lāle’ḷā mekhalā kalā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vaḷavā suṇisā mūsā, mañjūsā sulasā disā;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Nāsā juṇhā guhā īhā, lasikā parisā nisā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mātikiccādayo ceva, <span class="bld">bhāvikā</span>padasādisā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ammannambā ca tātā ca, kiñcideva samā siyuṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mātā dhītā panattādī, puthageva ito siyuṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Parisā</span>saddassa pana sattamīṭhāne ‘‘parisāya, parisāyaṃ, parisati, parisāsū’’ti yojetabbaṃ ‘‘ekamidaṃ bho gotama samayaṃ todeyyassa brāhmaṇassa parisati parūpārambhaṃ vattentī’’ti pāḷidassanato. <span class="bld">Ammā</span>dīnaṃ pana ‘‘ammā, ammā, ammāyo’’tiādinā <a name="M0.0263"></a> <span class="bld">kaññā</span>nayena vatvā avasāne ‘‘bhoti amma, bhoti ammā, bhotiyo ammā, ammāyo’’tiādinā yojetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mātā, mātā, mātaro. Mātaraṃ, mātaro. Mātarā, mātuyā, matyā, mātūhi, mātūbhi. Mātu, mātuyā, matyā, mātarānaṃ, mātānaṃ, mātūnaṃ. Mātarā, mātuyā, matyā, mātūhi, mātūbhi. Mātu, mātuyā, matyā, mātarānaṃ, mātānaṃ, mātūnaṃ. Mātari, mātuyā, matyā, mātuyaṃ, matyaṃ, mātūsu. Bhoti mātā, bhotiyo mātā, mātaro.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana yasmā pāḷiyaṃ itthiliṅgānaṃ <span class="bld">sa</span>kārantāni rūpāni <span class="bld">ehi ebhi esu</span>kārantādīni ca <span class="bld">ena</span>ntādīni ca na dissanti, tasmā kehici vuttānipi ‘‘mātussa mātarehī’’tiādīni na vuttāni, esa nayo itaresupi. ‘‘Yaṃkiñcitthikataṃ puññaṃ, mayhañca mātuyā ca te. Anuññāto ahaṃ matyā’’ti pāḷidassanato pana karaṇasampadānanissakkasāmibhummavacanaṭṭhāne ‘‘mātuyā, matyā’’ti ca vuttaṃ itthiliṅgaṭṭhāne samānagatikattā tesaṃ vacanānaṃ. Tathā hi <span class="bld">ummādantijātake</span> ‘‘matyā’’ti padaṃ pañcamītatiyekavacanavasena āgataṃ, yathā pana ‘‘khattiyā’’ti padaṃ majjhasaralopavasena ‘‘khatyā’’ti bhavati, tathā ‘‘mātuyā mātuya’’nti ca padaṃ ‘‘matyā, matya’’nti bhavati, ayaṃ nayo <span class="bld">dhītu</span>saddādīsu na labbhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dhītā, dhītā, dhītaro. Dhītaṃ, dhītaraṃ, dhītaro. Dhītuyā, dhītūhi, dhītūbhi. Dhītu, dhītuyā, dhītarānaṃ, dhītānaṃ, dhītūnaṃ. Dhītarā, dhītuyā, dhītūhi, dhītūbhi. Dhītu, dhītuyā, dhītarānaṃ, dhītānaṃ, dhītūnaṃ. Dhītari, dhītuyā, dhītuyaṃ, dhītūsu. Bhoti dhītu, bhoti dhītā, bhotiyo dhītā, dhītaro. Ettha pana.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Jāliṃ <a name="M0.0264"></a> kaṇhājinaṃ dhītaṃ, maddideviṃ patibbataṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Cajamāno na cintesiṃ, bodhiyāyeva kāraṇā’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘dhīta’’nti dassanato upayogavacanaṭṭhāne ‘‘dhīta’’nti vuttaṃ, tasmā idaṃ sārato gahetabbaṃ, tathā pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘assamaṇī hoti asakyadhītarā’’ti samāsapadassa dassanato tatiyekavacanantapadasadisaṃ ‘‘seṭṭhidhītarā’’tiādikaṃ paṭhamekavacanantampi samāsapadaṃ gahetabbameva, <span class="bld">niruttipiṭake</span> pana ‘‘mātā dhītā’’ti padadvayaṃ <span class="bld">saddhā</span>naye pakkhitta, tamamhehi ‘‘saddhāyā’’ti padassa viya ‘‘mātāyā’’tiādīnaṃ pāḷiādīsu byāse adassanato visuṃ gahitaṃ samāseyeva hi īdisiṃ saddagatiṃ passāma ‘‘rājamātāya rājadhītāya seṭṭhidhītāyā’’ti. Evaṃ <span class="bld">kaññā</span>nayopi ekadesena labbhati, tathā ‘‘acchariyaṃ nandamāte, abbhutaṃ nandamāte’’ti pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘nandamāte’’ti dassanato ‘‘bhoti rājamāte, bhoti rājadhīte’’ti evamādinayopi labbhati, tatra <span class="bld">nandamāte</span>ti nandassa mātā nandamātā, bhoti nandamāte, evaṃ samāseyeva īdisī saddagati hoti, tasmā samāsapadatte ‘‘mātu dhītu duhitu’’iccetesaṃ pakatirūpānaṃ dve koṭṭhāsā gahetabbā paṭhamaṃ dassitarūpakoṭṭhāso ca <span class="bld">kaññā</span>nayo rūpakoṭṭhāso cāti. <span class="bld">Nattā</span>dīni padāni na kevalaṃ pulliṅgāniyeva honti, atha kho itthiliṅgānipi. Tathā hi ‘‘visākhāya nattā kālaṅkatā hoti. Catasso mūsikā gādhaṃ kattā, no vasitā’’tiādīni payogāni sāsane dissanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nattā, nattā, nattāro. Nattaṃ, nattāraṃ, nattāro. Nattārā, nattuyā, nattūhi, nattūbhi. Nattu, nattuyā, nattārānaṃ <a name="M0.0265"></a> nattānaṃ, nattūnaṃ. Nattārā, nattuyā, nattūhi, nattūbhi. Nattu, nattuyā, nattārānaṃ, nattānaṃ, nattūnaṃ. Nattari, nattuyā, nattuyaṃ, nattūsu. Bhoti natta, bhoti nattā, bhotiyo nattā, nattāro.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ ‘‘kattā vasitā bhāsitā’’ iccādīsupi samāsapadatte pana ‘‘rājamātāya nandamāte’’tiādīni viya ‘‘rājanattāya, rājanatte’’tiādīni rūpāni bhavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Savinicchayoyaṃ <span class="bld">ā</span>kāra<span class="bld">ntu</span>kārantitthiliṅgānaṃ pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo.</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">Ā</span>kāra<span class="bld">ntu</span>kārantatāpakatikaṃ</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">Ā</span>kārantitthiliṅgaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">bhūmi</span>padādīnaṃ nāmikapadamālaṃ vakkhāma pubbācariyamataṃ purecaraṃ katvā –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ratti, rattī, rattiyo. Rattiṃ, rattī, rattiyo. Rattiyā, rattīhi, rattībhi. Rattiyā, rattīnaṃ. Rattiyā, rattīhi, rattībhi. Rattiyā, rattīnaṃ. Rattiyā, rattiyaṃ, rattīsu. Bhoti ratti, bhotiyo rattiyo. <span class="bld">Yamakamahāthera</span>mataṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Bhūmi, bhūmī, bhūmiyo. Bhūmiṃ, bhūmī, bhūmiyo’’ti sabbaṃ neyyaṃ. Evaṃ ‘‘bhūti satti patti vutti mutti kitti khanti titti siddhi iddhi vuddhi suddhi buddhi bodhi pīti nandi mati asani vasani sati gati vuḍḍhi yuvati aṅguli bondi diṭṭhi tuṭṭhi nābhi’’ iccādīnampi nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā. Apica ‘‘ratyo amoghā gacchanti. Divā ca ratto ca haranti ye baliṃ. Na bhūmyā caturaṅgulo. Seti bhūmyā anutthunaṃ. Bhūmyā so patitaṃ pāsaṃ. Gīvāya paṭimuñcati. Imā ca nabhyo satarājicittitā. Sateratā vijjurivappabhāsare’’ti evamādīnaṃ <a name="M0.0266"></a> payogānaṃ dassanato <span class="bld">ratti bhūmi nābhi</span>saddādīnaṃ ayampi nāmikapadamālāviseso veditabbo. Kathaṃ?</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ratti, rattī, rattiyo, ratyo. Rattiṃ, rattī, rattiyo, ratyo. Rattiyā, ratyā, rattīhi, rattībhi. Rattiyā, ratyā, rattīnaṃ. Rattiyā, ratyā, rattīhi, rattībhi. Rattiyā, ratyā, rattīnaṃ. Rattiyā, ratyā, rattiyaṃ ratyaṃ, ratto, rattīsu. Bhoti ratti, bhotiyo rattī, rattiyo, ratyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ‘‘ratto’’ti rūpanayaṃ vajjetvā ‘‘bhūmi, bhūmī, bhūmiyo, bhūmyo’’ti sabbaṃ neyyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nābhi, nābhī, nābhiyo, nabhyo. Nābhiṃ, nābhī, nābhiyo, nabhyo. Nābhiyā, nabhyā, nābhīhi, nābhībhi. Nābhiyā, nabhyā, nābhīnaṃ. Nābhiyā, nabhyā, nābhīhi, nābhībhi. Nābhiyā, nabhyā, nābhīnaṃ. Nābhiyā, nabhyā, nābhiyaṃ, nabhyaṃ, nābhīsu. Bhoti nābhi, bhotiyo nābhī, nābhiyo, nabhyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bodhi, bodhī, bodhiyo, bojjho. Bodhiṃ, bodhiyaṃ, bojjhaṃ, bodhī, bodhiyo, bojjho. Bodhiyā, bojjhā, bodhīhi, bodhībhi. Bodhiyā, bojjhā, bodhīnaṃ. Bodhiyā, bojjhā, bodhīhi, bodhībhi. Bodhiyā, bojjhā, bodhīnaṃ. Bodhiyā, bojjhā, bodhiyaṃ, bojjhaṃ, bodhīsu. Bhoti bodhi, bhotiyo bodhī, bodhiyo, bojjho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana ‘‘bujjhassu jina bodhiyaṃ. Aññatra bojjhā tapasā’’ti vicitrapāḷinayadassanato vicitranayā nāmikapadamālā vuttā. Sabbopi cāyaṃ nayo aññatthāpi yathārahaṃ yojetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Savinicchayoyaṃ <span class="bld">i</span>kārantitthiliṅgānaṃ pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo.</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">I</span>kārantatāpakatikaṃ <span class="bld">i</span>kārantitthiliṅgaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext">Niṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="M0.0267"></a> <span class="bld">bhūrī</span>saddādīnaṃ nāmikapadamālaṃ vakkhāma pubbācariyamataṃ purecaraṃ katvā –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Itthī, itthī, itthiyo. Itthiṃ, itthī, itthiyo. Itthiyā, itthīhi, itthībhi. Itthiyā, itthīnaṃ. Itthiyā, itthīhi, itthībhi. Itthiyā, itthīnaṃ. Itthiyā, itthiyaṃ, itthīsu. Bhoti itthi, bhotiyo itthiyo. <span class="bld">Yamakamahāthera</span>mataṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Bhūrī, bhūrī, bhūriyo. Bhūriṃ, bhūrī, bhūri yo’’ti <span class="bld">itthi</span>yā samaṃ. Evaṃ <span class="bld">bhūtī bhotī vibhāvinī</span> iccādīnaṃ <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayānaṃ aññesañca <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantasaddānaṃ nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā. <span class="bld">E</span>tthaññe <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantasaddā nāma –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Mātulānī ca bhaginī, bhikkhunī sāmugī ajī;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vāpī pokkharaṇī devī, nāgī yakkhinī rājinī.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dāsī ca brāhmaṇī muṭṭha-ssatinī sīghayāyinī;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sākiyānī’’ti cādīni, payogāni bhavanti hi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tatra ‘‘pokkharaṇī dāsī, brāhmaṇi’’ccādinaṃ gati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Aññathāpi siyā gāthā-cuṇṇiyesu yathārahaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kusāvatī’’tiādīnaṃ, gāthāsveva visesato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Rūpāni aññathā honti, ekavacanato vade.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kāsī avantī’’iccādī, bahuvacanato vade;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Candavatī’’tiādīni, payogassānurūpato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā hi ‘‘pokkharañño sumāpitā. Tā ca sattasatā bhariyā, dāsyo sattasatāni ca. Dārake ca ahaṃ nessaṃ<a name="M0.0268"></a>, brāhmaṇyā paricārake. Najjo sandanti. Najjā nerañjarāya tīre. Lakkhyā bhava nivesanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bārāṇasyaṃ mahārāja, kākarājā nivāsako;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Asītiyā sahassehi, supatto parivārito.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Rājā yathā vessavaṇo naḷiñña’’nti</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādīnaṃ pāḷīnaṃ dassanato <span class="bld">pokkharaṇī</span> iccādīnaṃ nāmikapadamālāyo savisesā yojetabbā. Kathaṃ? ‘Pokkharaṇī, pokkharaṇī, pokkharaṇiyo, pokkharañño. Pokkharaṇi’’ntiādinā vatvā karaṇasampadānanissakkasāmivacanaṭṭhāne ‘‘pokkharaṇiyā, pokkharaññā’’ti ekavacanāni vattabbāni. Bhummavacanaṭṭhāne pana ‘‘pokkharaṇiyā, pokkharaññā, pokkharaṇiyaṃ, pokkharañña’’nti ca ekavacanāni vattabbāni. Sabbattha ca padāni paripuṇṇāni kātabbāni. Tathā ‘‘dāsī, dāsī, dāsiyo, dāsyo. Dāsiṃ, dāsiyaṃ, dāsī, dāsiyo, dāsyo’’ti vatvā karaṇavacanaṭṭhānādīsu ‘‘dāsiyā, dāsyā’’ti ekavacanāni vattabbāni. Bhummavacanaṭṭhāne pana ‘‘dāsiyā, dāsyā, dāsiyaṃ, dāsya’’nti ca ekavacanāni vattabbāni. Sabbattha padāni paripuṇṇāni kātabbāni. Ettha pana ‘‘yaṭṭhiyā paṭikoṭeti, ghare jātaṃva dāsiyaṃ. Phusissāmi vimuttiya’’nti payogānaṃ dassanato <span class="bld">aṃ</span>vacanassa <span class="bld">ya</span>mādesavasena ‘‘dāsiya’’nti vuttaṃ. Tesu ca ‘‘ghare jātaṃva dāsiya’’nti ettha <span class="bld">aṃ</span>vacanassa <span class="bld">ya</span>mādesato aññopi saddanayo labbhati. Kathaṃ? Yathā daharī eva ‘‘dahariyā’’ti vuccati, evaṃ dāsī eva ‘‘dāsiyā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana ‘‘passāmi vohaṃ dahariṃ, kumāriṃ cārudassana’’nti ca ‘‘ye taṃ jiṇṇassa pādaṃsu, evaṃ dahariyaṃ sati’’nti ca pāḷi nidassanaṃ<a name="M0.0269"></a>, upayogavacanicchāya ‘‘dāsiya’’nti vuttaṃ, imasmiṃ panādhippāye ‘‘dāsiyā, dāsiyā, dāsiyāyo. Dāsiyaṃ, dāsiyā, dāsiyāyo. Dāsiyāyā’’ti <span class="bld">kaññā</span>nayeneva nāmikapadamālā bhavati ‘‘kumāriyā’’ti saddasseva. Tathā hi ‘‘kumāriye upaseniye’’ti pāḷi dissati. Tathā ‘‘pupphavatiyā, pupphavatiyaṃ, pupphavatiyāya, pupphavatiyāyaṃ, bhoti pupphavatiye’’ti <span class="bld">kaññā</span>nayanissitena ekavacananayena nāmikapadamālā bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana ‘‘atīte ayaṃ bārāṇasī pupphavatiyā nāma ahosi. Rājāsi luddakammo, ekarājā pupphavatiyāyaṃ. Uyyassu pubbena pupphavatiyāyā’’ti pāḷi ca aṭṭhakathāpāṭho ca nidassanaṃ. Aparo nayo – ‘‘dāsiyā dahariyā kumāriyā’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">ka</span>kārassa <span class="bld">ya</span>kārādesopi daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Brāhmaṇī</span>saddassa tu ‘‘brāhmaṇī, brāhmaṇī, brāhmaṇiyo, brāhmaṇyo. Brāhmaṇi’’ntiādīni vatvā karaṇavacanaṭṭhānādīsu ‘‘brāhmaṇiyā, brāhmaṇyā’’ti ekavacanāni vattabbāni, sabbattha ca padāni paripuṇṇāni kātabbāni. <span class="bld">Nadī</span>saddassa ‘‘nadī, nadī, nadiyo, najjo. Nadi’’ntiādinā vatvā ‘‘nadiyā, najjā’’ti ca ‘‘nadiyaṃ, najja’’nti ca vattabbaṃ, sabbattha ca padāni paripuṇṇāni kātabbāni. Itthiliṅgesu hi paccattabahuvacane diṭṭheyeva upayogabahuvacanaṃ anāgatampi diṭṭhameva hoti, tathā upayogabahuvacane diṭṭheyeva paccattabahuvacanaṃ anāgatampi diṭṭhameva hoti, karaṇasampadānanissakkasāmibhummavacanānampi aññatarasmiṃ diṭṭheyeva aññataraṃ diṭṭhameva hoti. Tathā hi ‘‘dāsā ca dāsyo anujīvino cā’’ti ettha ‘‘dāsyo’’ti paccattabahuvacane diṭṭheyeva aparampi ‘‘dāsyo’’ti upayogabahuvacanaṃ taṃsadisattā diṭṭhameva hoti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sakko <a name="M0.0270"></a> ca me varaṃ dajjā, so ca labbhetha me varo;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Ekarattaṃ dvirattaṃ vā, bhaveyyaṃ abhipārako;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ummādantyā ramitvāna, sivirājā tato siya’’nti</p>
<p class="unindented">Ettha ‘‘ummādantyā’’ti karaṇavacane diṭṭheyeva taṃsadisāni sampadānanissakkasāmibhummavacanānipi diṭṭhāniyeva honti. ‘‘Brāhmaṇyā paricārake’’ti ettha ‘‘brāhmaṇyā’’ti sāmivacane diṭṭheyeva taṃsadisāni karaṇasampadānanissakkabhummavacanānipi diṭṭhāniyeva honti. ‘‘Seti bhūmyā anutthuna’’nti ettha ‘‘pathabyā cārupubbaṅgī’’ti ettha ca ‘‘bhūmyā, pathabyā’’ti sattamiyā ekavacane diṭṭheyeva taṃsadisāni karaṇasampadānanissakkasāmivacanānipi diṭṭhāniyeva honti. ‘‘Bārāṇasyaṃ mahārājā’’ti ettha ‘‘bārāṇasya’’nti bhummavacane diṭṭheyeva taṃsadisāni aññānipi ‘‘brāhmaṇyaṃ ekādasyaṃ pañcamya’’ntiādīni bhummavacanāni diṭṭhāniyeva honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gaṇhanti ca tādisāni rūpāni pubbācariyāsabhāpi gāthābhisaṅkharaṇavasena. Sāsanepi pana etādisāni rūpāni yebhuyyena gāthāsu sandissanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kusāvatī. Kusāvatiṃ. Kusāvatiyā, kusāvatyā. Kusāvatiyaṃ, kusāvatyaṃ. Bhoti kusāvati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bārāṇasī. Bārāṇasiṃ. Bārāṇasiyā, bārāṇasyā. Bārāṇasiyaṃ, bārāṇasyaṃ, bārāṇassaṃ iccapi, bhoti bārāṇasi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Naḷinī. Naḷiniṃ. Naḷiniyā, naḷiññā. Naḷiniyaṃ, naḷiññaṃ. Bhoti naḷini. Aññānipi yojetabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gāthāvisayaṃ pana patvā ‘‘kusāvatimhi, bārāṇasimhi, naḷinimhī’’tiādinā saddarūpānipiyojetabbāni. Tathā hi pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘kusāvatimhi’’ādīni <span class="bld">mhi</span>yantāni itthiliṅgarūpāni gāthāsuyeva <a name="M0.0271"></a> paññāyanti, na cuṇṇiyapadaracanāyaṃ. Akkharasamaye pana tādisāni rūpāni anivāritāni ‘‘nadimhā cā’’tiādidassanato. Yaṃ pana aṭṭhakathāsu cuṇṇiyapadaracanāyaṃ ‘‘sammādiṭṭhimhī’’tiādikaṃ itthiliṅgarūpaṃ dissati, taṃ akkharavipallāsavasena vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ cuṇṇiyapadaṭṭhāne ‘‘sammādiṭṭhiyaṃ paṭisandhiyaṃ sugatiyaṃ duggatiya’’ntiādidassanato. Ayaṃ panettha niyamo sugatasāsane gāthāyaṃ cuṇṇiyapadaṭṭhāne ca ‘‘kaññā ratti itthī yāgu vadhū’’ti evaṃ pañcantehi itthiliṅgehi saddhiṃ <span class="bld">nā sa smā smiṃ mhā mhi</span>iccete saddā sarūpato parattaṃ na yanti. <span class="bld">Mhi</span>saddo pana gāthāyaṃ <span class="bld">i</span>vaṇṇantehi itthiliṅgehi saddhiṃ parattaṃ yāti. Tatridaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Gāthāyaṃ cuṇṇiye cāpi, <span class="bld">nā sasmā</span>dī sarūpato;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Nā</span>kārantaivaṇṇanta-itthīti parataṃ gatā.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Mhi</span>saddo pana gāthāyaṃ, <span class="bld">i</span>vaṇṇantitthibhī saha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ya’to parattametassa, payogāni bhavanti hi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yathā balākayonimhi, na vijjati pumo sadā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kusāvabhimhi nagare, rājā āsi mahīpatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <span class="bld">kusāvatī</span> iccādīni aññathā bhavanti, nagaranāmattā panekavacanānipi, na janapadanāmāni viya bahuvacanāni. ‘‘Kāsī, kāsiyo. Kāsīhi, kāsībhi. Kāsīnaṃ. Kāsīsu. Bhotiyo kāsiyo. Evaṃ avantī avantiyo’’tiādināpi nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā. Aññānipi padāni gahetabbāni. Evaṃ <span class="bld">kāsī</span>iccādīni janapadanāmattā rūḷhīvasena bahuvacanāneva bhavanti atthassa ekattepi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Candavatī, candavatiṃ, candavatiyā, candavatiyaṃ, bhoti candavati, evaṃ ekavacanavasena vā, candavatiyo, candavatiyo, candavatīhi, candavatībhi, candavatīnaṃ, candavatīsu, bhotiyo <a name="M0.0272"></a> candavatiyo, evaṃ bahuvacanavasena vā nāmikapadamālā veditabbā, aññānipi padāni yojetabbāni. ‘‘Candavatī’’iccādīni hi ekissā bahūnañcitthīnaṃ paṇṇattibhāvato payogānurūpena ekavacanavasena vā bahuvacanavasena vā yojetabbāni bhavanti. Esa nayo aññatrāpi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Savinicchayoyaṃ <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantitthiliṅgānaṃ pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ī</span>kārantatāpakatikaṃ <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantitthiliṅgaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayānaṃ <span class="bld">u</span>kārantitthiliṅgānaṃ appasiddhattā aññena <span class="bld">u</span>kārantitthiliṅgena nāmikapadamālaṃ pūressāma –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yāgu, yāgū, yāguyo. Yāguṃ, yāgū, yāguyo. Yāguyā, yāgūhi, yāgūbhi. Yāguyā, yāgūnaṃ. Yāguyā, yāgūhi, yāgūbhi. Yāguyā, yāgūnaṃ. Yāguyā, yāguyaṃ, yāgūsu. Bhoti yāgu, bhotiyo yāgū, yāguyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ ‘‘dhātu dhenu kāsu daddu kaṇḍu kacchu rajju’’iccādīni. Tatra <span class="bld">dhātu</span>saddo rasarudhiramaṃsamedanhāruaṭṭhiaṭṭhimiñjasukkasaṅkhātadhātuvācako pulliṅgo, sabhāvavācako pana sugatādīnaṃ sārīrikavācako lokadhātuvācako ca cakkhādivācako ca itthiliṅgo, <span class="bld">bhū hū karapacā</span>disaddavācako itthiliṅgoceva pulliṅgo ca. Atra panitthiliṅgo adhippeto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Savinicchayoyaṃ<span class="bld">u</span>kārantitthiliṅgānaṃ nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">U</span>kārantatāpakatikaṃ <span class="bld">u</span>kārantitthiliṅgaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">bhū</span>saddādīnaṃ nāmikapadamālaṃ vakkhāma pubbācariyamataṃ purecaraṃ katvā –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Jambū, jambū, jambuyo. Jambuṃ, jambū, jambuyo. Jambuyā, jambūhi, jambūbhi. Jambuyā, jambūnaṃ. Jambuyā, jambūhi, jambūbhi. Jambuyā<a name="M0.0273"></a>, jambūnaṃ. Jambuyā, jambuyaṃ, jambūsu. Bhoti jambu, bhotiyo jambū, jambuyo. <span class="bld">Yamakamahāthera</span>mataṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha <span class="bld">jambū</span>saddassa itthiliṅgattaṃ ‘‘ambā sālā ca jambuyo’’tiādinā pasiddhaṃ. ‘‘Ime te jambukā rukkhā’’ti ettha pana <span class="bld">rukkha</span>saddaṃ apekkhitvā ‘‘jambukā’’ti pulliṅganiddeso katoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tathā hi jambūti kathetabbāti <span class="bld">jambukā. Ke re ge</span> saddeti dhātu. Atha vā itthiliṅgavasena jambū eva jambukā, jambukā ca tā rukkhā cāti jambukārukkhā, yathā laṅkādīpo, pulliṅgapakkhe vā samāsavasena ‘‘jambukarukkhā’’ti vattabbe gāthāvisayattā chandānurakkhaṇatthaṃ dīghaṃ katvā ‘‘jambukārukkhā’’ti vuttaṃ ‘‘saraṇāgamane kañcī’’ti ettha viya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhū, bhū, bhuyo. Bhuṃ, bhū, bhuyo. Bhuyā, bhūhi, bhūbhi. Bhuyā, bhūnaṃ. Bhuyā, bhūhi, bhūbhi. Bhuyā, bhūnaṃ. Bhuyā, bhuyaṃ, bhūsu. Bhoti bhu, bhotiyo bhū, bhuyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ ‘‘abhū, abhū, abhuyo. Abhuṃ, abhū, abhuyo. Abhuyā’’tiādinā yojetabbā. Atra ‘‘abhuṃ me kathaṃ nu bhaṇasi, pāpakaṃ vata bhāsasī’’ti nidassanapadaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vadhū ca sarabhū ceva, sarabū sutanū camū;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vāmūrū nāganāsūrū’’, iccādī <span class="bld">jambu</span>yā samā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ pana sukhumaṃ ṭhānaṃ suṭṭhu manasi kātabbaṃ. ‘‘Vadaññū, vadaññū, vadaññuyo. Vadaññuṃ, vadaññū, vadaññuyo. Vadaññuyā’’ti <span class="bld">jambū</span>samaṃ yojetabbaṃ. Evaṃ ‘‘maggaññū dhammaññū kataññū’’iccādīsupi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca bho –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sohaṃ nūna ito gantvā, yoniṃ laddhāna mānusiṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vadaññū sīlasampanno, kāhāmi kusalaṃ bahu’’nti</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādippayogadassanato <span class="bld">vadaññū</span>saddādīnaṃ pulliṅgabhāvo pasiddho, evaṃ sante kasmā idha itthiliṅganayo dassitoti? <span class="bld">Vadaññū</span>iccādīnaṃ ekantapulliṅgabhāvābhāvato dviliṅgāni tesaṃ vāccaliṅgattā. Tathā hi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sāhaṃ gantvā manussattaṃ, vadaññū vītamaccharā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saṅghe dānāni dassāmi, appamattā punappuna’’nti ca,</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Kodhanā akataññū cā’’ti ca itthiliṅgapayogikā bahū pāḷiyo dissanti, tasmā evaṃ nīti amhehi ṭhapitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Savinicchayoyaṃ <span class="bld">ū</span>kārantitthiliṅgānaṃ pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ū</span>kārantatāpakatikaṃ <span class="bld">ū</span>kārantitthiliṅgaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">O</span>kārantapadaṃ <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayaṃ itthiliṅgamappasiddhaṃ, aññaṃ <span class="bld">pano</span>kārantaṃ itthiliṅgaṃ pasiddhaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Okārantaṃ itthiliṅgaṃ, <span class="bld">go</span>saddoti vibhāvaye;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Go</span>saddasseva pulliṅge, rūpamassāhu kecana;</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā hi keci ‘‘go, gāvo, gavo. Gāvu’’ntiādinā nayena vuttāni pulliṅgassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa rūpāni viya itthiliṅgassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa rūpāni icchanti, tesaṃ mate majjhe bhinnasuvaṇṇānaṃ vaṇṇavisesābhāvo viya rūpavisesābhāvato <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa itthiliṅgabhāvapaṭipādanaṃ anijjhānakkhamaṃ. Kasmāti ce? Yasmā <span class="bld">mātugāma</span>saddassa ‘‘mātugāmo, mātugāmā. Mātugāma’’ntiādinā nayena dve padamālā katvā ekā pulliṅgassa padamālā, ekā itthiliṅgapadamālāti vuttavacanaṃ viya idaṃ vacanaṃ amhe paṭibhāti, tasmā anijjhānakkhamaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica itthiliṅgassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa rūpesu pulliṅgassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa rūpehi samesu santesu kathaṃ <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa itthiliṅgabhāvo <a name="M0.0275"></a> siyā? Rūpamālāvisesābhāvato. Yathā hi <span class="bld">ratti aggi aṭṭhi</span>saddānaṃ <span class="bld">i</span>kārantabhāvena samattepi itthiliṅgapumanapuṃsakaliṅgalakkhaṇabhūto rūpamālāviseso dissati. Yathā pana dvinnaṃ <span class="bld">dhātu</span>saddānaṃ pumitthiliṅgapariyāpannānaṃ rūpamālāviseso dissati, na tathā tehācariyehi abhimatassa itthiliṅgassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa rūpamālāviseso dissati. Yathā pana dvinnaṃ <span class="bld">dhātu</span>saddānaṃ pumitthiliṅgapariyāpannānaṃ rūpamālāviseso bhavati, yathā dvinnaṃ <span class="bld">go</span>saddānaṃ pumitthiliṅgapariyāpannānaṃ rūpamālāvisesena bhavitabbaṃ, yathā ca dvinnaṃ <span class="bld">āyu</span>saddānaṃ punnapuṃsakaliṅgapariyāpannānaṃ rūpamālāviseso dissati, tathā dvinnaṃ <span class="bld">go</span>saddānaṃ pumitthiliṅgapariyāpannānaṃ rūpamālāvisesena bhavitabbaṃ. Avisesatte sati kathaṃ tesaṃ pumitthiliṅgavavatthānaṃ siyā, kathañca visadāvisadākāravohāratā siyā. Idaṃ ṭhānaṃ atīva saṇhasukhumaṃ paramagambhīraṃ mahāgahanaṃ na sakkā sabbasattānaṃ mūlabhāsābhūtāya sabbaññujineritāya māgadhikāya sabhāvaniruttiyā nayaṃ sammā ajānantena akatañāṇasambhārena kenaci ajjhogāhetuṃ vā vijaṭetuṃ vā, amhākaṃ pana mate dvinnaṃ <span class="bld">go</span>saddānaṃ rūpamālāviseso ceva dissati, pumitthiliṅgavavatthānañca dissati, visadāvisadākāravohāratā ca dissati, napuṃsakaliṅgassa tadubhayamuttākāravohāratā ca dissatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni imassatthassa āvibhāvatthaṃ imasmiṃ ṭhāne imaṃ nītiṃ ṭhapessāma. Evañhi sati pariyattisāsane paṭipannakā nikkaṅkhabhāvena na kilamissanti. Ettha tāva atthaggahaṇe viññūnaṃ kosalluppādanatthaṃ tisso nāmikapadamālāyo kathessāma – seyyathidaṃ?</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gāvī, gāvī, gāviyo. Gāviṃ, gāvī, gāviyo. Gāviyā, gāvīhi, gāvībhi. Gāviyā, gāvīnaṃ. Gāviyā, gāvīhi, gāvībhi. Gāviyā<a name="M0.0276"></a>, gāvīnaṃ. Gāviyā, gāviyaṃ, gāvīsu. Bhoti gāvi, bhotiyo gāvī, gāviyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ <span class="bld">go</span>saddato vihitassa īpaccayassa vasena nipphannassa itthivācakassa īkārantitthiliṅgassa <span class="bld">gāvī</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Go, gāvo, gavo. Gāvuṃ, gāvaṃ, gavaṃ, gāvo, gavo. Gāvena, gavena, gohi, gobhi. Gāvassa, gavassa, gavaṃ, gunnaṃ, gonaṃ. Gāvā, gāvasmā, gāvamhā, gavā, gavasmā, gavamhā, gohi, gobhi. Gāvassa, gavassa, gavaṃ, gunnaṃ, gonaṃ. Gāve, gāvasmiṃ, gāvamhi, gave, gavasmiṃ, gavamhi, gāvesu, gavesu, gosu. Bho go, bhavanto gāvo, gavo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pumavācakassa <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapulliṅgassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Go, gāvī, gāvo, gāvī, gavo. Gāvaṃ, gavaṃ, gāviṃ, gāvo, gāvī gavo. Gohi, gobhi. Gavaṃ, gunnaṃ, gonaṃ. Gohi, gobhi. Gavaṃ, gunnaṃ, gonaṃ. Gosu. Bhoti go, bhotiyo gāvo, gāvī, gavo. Ayaṃ pumitthivācakassa <span class="bld">o</span>kārantassitthipulliṅgassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddanāmikapadamālā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana ‘‘gāvu’’nti padaṃ ekantapumavācakattā na vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ, ekantapumavācakattañcassa āhaccapāḷiyā ñāyati ‘‘idha pana bhikkhave vassūpagataṃ bhikkhuṃ itthī nimantesi ‘ehi bhante, hiraññaṃ vā te demi, suvaṇṇaṃ vā te demi, khettaṃ vā te demi, vatthuṃ vā te demi, gāvuṃ vā te demi, gāviṃ vā te demi. Dāsaṃ vā te demi, dāsiṃ vā te demi, dhītaraṃ vā te demi bhariyatthāya, ahaṃ vā te bhariyā homi, aññaṃ vā te bhariyaṃ ānemī’ti’’ evaṃ āhaccapāḷiyā ñāyati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha <a name="M0.0277"></a> hi ‘‘gāvu’’nti vacanena pumā vutto, ‘‘gāvi’’nti vacanena itthī, yaṃ pana imissaṃ <span class="bld">o</span>kārantitthiliṅgapadamālāyaṃ ‘‘gāvī’’ti padaṃ catukkhattuṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ ‘‘kaññā’’ti padaṃ viya itthiliṅgassa avisadākāravohāratāviññāpane samatthaṃ hoti. Na hi itaresu liṅgesu samānasutikabhāvena catukkhattuṃ āgatapadaṃ ekampi atthi, ‘‘gāvī gāvi’’nti ca imesaṃ saddānaṃ katthaci ṭhāne itthipumesu sāmaññavasena pavattiṃ upari kathayissāma. Yā panamhehi <span class="bld">o</span>kārantitthiliṅgassa ‘‘go, gāvī, gāvo, gāvī, gavo. Gāvaṃ, gavaṃ, gāvi’’ntiādinā nayena padamālā katā, tattha <span class="bld">go</span>saddato <span class="bld">siyo</span>naṃ īkārādeso <span class="bld">aṃ</span>vacanassa ca <span class="bld">iṃ</span>kārādeso bhavati, tena <span class="bld">o</span>kārantitthiliṅgassa ‘‘gāvī gāvī gāvi’’nti rūpāni dassitāni. Tathā hi <span class="bld">mukhamattadīpani</span>yaṃ saddasatthavidunā vajirabuddhācariyena niruttinaye kosallavasena <span class="bld">go</span>saddato <span class="bld">yo</span>na<span class="bld">mī</span>kārādeso vutto. Yathā pana <span class="bld">go</span>saddato <span class="bld">yo</span>na<span class="bld">mī</span>kārādeso bhavati, tathā <span class="bld">sissī</span>kārādeso <span class="bld">aṃ</span>vacanassa ca iṃkārādeso bhavati. Atrimā nayaggāhaparidīpaniyo gāthā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Īpaccayā siddhesvapi, ‘‘gāvī gāvī’’tiādisu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paṭhamekavacanādi-antesu jinasāsane.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vadatā <span class="bld">yonamī</span>kāraṃ, <span class="bld">go</span>saddassitthiyaṃ pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Avisadattamakkhātuṃ, nayo dinnoti no ruci.</p>
<p class="unindented">Kiñca bhiyyo <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāsu</span> ca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Gāvo’’ti vatvā ‘‘gāvi’’nti-vacanena panitthiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Avisadattamakkhātuṃ, nayo dinnoti no ruci.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā hi <span class="bld">samantapāsādikā</span>dīsu aṭṭhakathāsu ‘‘cheko hi gopālako sakkharāyo ucchaṅgena gahetvā rajjudaṇḍahattho pātova vajaṃ gantvā gāvo piṭṭhiyaṃ paharitvā palighathambhamatthake <a name="M0.0278"></a> nisinno dvāraṃ pattaṃ pattaṃ gāviṃ ‘eko dve’ti sakkharaṃ khipitvā gaṇetī’’ti imasmiṃ padese ‘‘gāvo’’ti vatvā ‘‘gāvi’’nti vacanena itthipumavācakassa <span class="bld">o</span>kārantitthiliṅgassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa avisadākāravohāratā vihitā. ‘‘Gāvo’’ti hi iminā sāmaññato itthipumabhūtā goṇā gahitā, tathā ‘‘gāvi’’nti imināpi itthibhūto pumabhūto ca goṇo. Evaṃ ‘‘gāvo’’ti ca ‘‘gāvi’’nti ca ime saddā saddasatthavidūhi aṭṭhakathācariyehi niruttinayakusalatāya samānaliṅgavasena ekasmiṃyeva pakaraṇe ekasmiṃyeva vākye piṇḍīkatā. Yadi hi itthiliṅge vattamānassa itthipumavācakassa <span class="bld">o</span>kārantitthiliṅgassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa padamālāyaṃ ‘‘gāvī gāvi’’miccetāni rūpāni na labbheyyuṃ, aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘gāvo’’ti vatvā ‘‘gāva’’nticceva vattabbaṃ siyā, ‘‘gāvi’’nti pana na vattabbaṃ. Yathā ca pana aṭṭhakathācariyehi ‘‘gāvo’’ti itthipumavasena sabbesaṃ gunnaṃ saṅgāhakavacanaṃ vatvā teyeva gāvo sandhāya puna ‘‘dvāraṃ pattaṃ pattaṃ gāvi’’nti saddaracanaṃ kubbiṃsu, tasmā ‘‘gāvi’’nti idampi sabbasaṅgāhakavacanamevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Asabbasaṅgāhakavacanaṃ idaṃ <span class="bld">gāvī</span>saddena itthiyāyeva gahetabbattāti ce? Na, pakaraṇavasena atthantarassa viditattā. Na hi sabbavajesu ‘‘itthiyoyeva vasanti, na pumāno’’ti ca, ‘‘pumānoyeva vasanti, na itthiyo’’ti ca sakkā vattuṃ. Apica ‘‘gāvimpi disvā palāyanti ‘bhikkhū’ti maññamānā’’ti pāḷi dissati, etthāpi ‘‘gāvi’’nti vacanena itthibhūto pumabhūto ca sabbo go gahitoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Itarathā ‘‘itthibhūtoyeva go bhikkhūti maññitabbo’’ti āpajjati. Iti pāḷinayena itthiliṅge vattamānamhā itthipumavācakasmā <span class="bld">go</span>saddato <span class="bld">aṃ</span>vacanassa <span class="bld">iṃ</span>kārādeso hotīti viññāyati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vajirabuddhācariyenapi</span> <a name="M0.0279"></a> <span class="bld">go</span>saddato <span class="bld">ī</span>paccaye kātabbepi akatvā <span class="bld">yonamī</span>kārādeso kato. Tassādhippāyo evaṃ siyā <span class="bld">go</span>saddato īpaccaye kate sati īpaccayavasena ‘‘gāvī’’ti nipphannasaddo yattha katthaci visaye ‘‘migī morī kukkuṭī’’iccādayo viya itthivācakoyeva siyā, na katthacipi itthipumavācako, tasmā sāsanānukūlappayogavasena <span class="bld">yo</span>na<span class="bld">mī</span>kārādeso kātabboti. Iti vajirabuddhācariyamate <span class="bld">go</span>saddato <span class="bld">yo</span>naṃ īkārādeso hotīti ñāyati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiñca bhiyyo – yasmā aṭṭhakathācariyehi ‘‘gāvo piṭṭhiyaṃ paharitvā’’tiādinā nayena racitāya ‘‘dvāraṃ pattaṃ pattaṃ gāviṃ ‘eko dve’ti sakkharaṃ khipitvā gaṇetī’’ti vacanapariyosānāya saddaracanāyaṃ ‘‘eko gāvī, dve gāvī’’ti atthayojanānayo vattabbo hoti, ‘‘gāvi’’nti upayogavacanañca dissati. Iti aṭṭhakathācariyānaṃ mate <span class="bld">go</span>saddato <span class="bld">siyonamī</span>kārādeso <span class="bld">aṃ</span>vacanassa <span class="bld">iṃ</span>kārādeso hotīti ñāyati. Tasmāyevamhehi yā sā <span class="bld">o</span>kārantatāpakatikassa itthiliṅgassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa ‘‘go, gāvī, gāvo, gāvī, gavo, gāvaṃ, gāvi’’ntiādinā nayena padamālā ṭhapitā, sā pāḷinayānukūlā aṭṭhakathānayānukūlā kaccāyanācariyamataṃ gahetvā padanipphattijanakassa garuno ca matānukūlā, ‘‘gāvī’’ti padassa catukkhattuṃ āgatattā pana <span class="bld">o</span>kārantitthiliṅgassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa avisadākāravohārattañca sādheti. Iccesā pāḷinayādīsu ñāṇena sammā upaparikkhiyamānesu atīva yujjati, natthettha appamattakopi doso. Ettha pana paccattopayogālapanānaṃ bahuvacanaṭṭhāne ‘‘gāviyo’’ti padañca karaṇasampadānanissakkasāmīnamekavacanaṭṭhāne ‘‘gāviyā’’ti padañca karaṇanissakkānaṃ bahuvacanaṭṭhāne ‘‘gāvīhi gāvībhī’’ti padāni ca sampadānasāmīnaṃ <a name="M0.0280"></a> bahuvacanaṭṭhāne ‘‘gāvīna’’nti padañca bhummavacanaṭṭhāne ‘‘gāviyā, gāviyaṃ, gāvīsū’’ti padāni cāti imāni vitthārato soḷasa padāni ekantena <span class="bld">ī</span>paccayavasena siddhattā ekantitthivācakattā ca na vuttānīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ panettha nicchayo vuccate sotūnaṃ nikkaṅkhabhāvāya – itthiliṅgapadesu hi ‘‘gāvī gāvi’’nti imāni <span class="bld">ī</span>paccayavasena vā <span class="bld">ī</span>kāriṃkārādesavasena vā sijjhanti. Etesu pacchimanayo idhādhippeto, pubbanayo aññattha. Tathā ‘‘gāvī gāvi’’nti imāni <span class="bld">ī</span>paccayavasenapi siddhattā yebhuyyena itthivācakāni bhavanti <span class="bld">ī</span>kāriṃkārādesavasenapi siddhattā. Katthaci ekakkhaṇeyeva sabbasaṅgāhakavasena itthipumavācakāni bhavanti. Etesupi pacchimoyeva nayo idhādhippeto, pubbanayo aññattha. ‘‘Gāviyo. Gāviyā, gāvīhi, gāvībhi. Gāvīnaṃ. Gāviyaṃ, gāvīsū’’ti etāni pana <span class="bld">ī</span>paccayavaseneva siddhattā sabbathāpi itthīnaṃyeva vācakāni bhavanti. Itthibhūtesveva godabbesu lokasaṅketavasena visesato pavattattā ekantato itthidabbesu pavattāni ‘‘migī morī kukkuṭī’’iccādīni padāni viya. Kiñcāpi pana ‘‘nadī mahī’’iccādīnipi itthiliṅgāni <span class="bld">ī</span>paccayavaseneva siddhāni, tathāpi tāni aviññāṇakattā tadatthānaṃ itthidabbesu vattantīti vattuṃ na yujjati. Itthipumanapuṃsakabhāvarahitā hi tadatthā. Yasmā pana itthiliṅge <span class="bld">go</span>sadde <span class="bld">ena</span>yogo <span class="bld">esu</span>kāro ca na labbhati, tasmā ‘‘gāvena gavena gāvesu gavesū’’ti padāni na vuttāni. Yasmā ca itthiliṅgena <span class="bld">go</span>saddena saddhiṃ <span class="bld">sasmāsmiṃ</span>vacanāni sarūpato parattaṃ na yanti, tasmā ‘‘gāvassa gavassa gāvasmā gavasmā gāvasmiṃ gavasmi’’nti padāni na vuttāni. Yasmā ca tattha <span class="bld">smā</span>vacanassa ādesabhūto <span class="bld">ā</span>kāro ca <span class="bld">mhā</span>kāro ca na labbhati, tasmā ‘‘gāvā gavā gāvamhā gavamhā’’ti padāni na vuttāni. Yasmā ca <span class="bld">smiṃ</span>vacanassa ādesabhūto <span class="bld">e</span>kāro <a name="M0.0281"></a> ca <span class="bld">mhi</span>kāro ca na labbhati, tasmā ‘‘gāve gave gāvamhi gavamhī’’ti padāni na vuttāni. Apica ‘‘yāya tāyā’’tiādīhi samānādhikaraṇapadehi yojetuṃ ayuttattāpi ‘‘gāvena gavenā’’tiādīni itthiliṅgaṭṭhāne na vuttāni. Tathā hi ‘‘yāya tāya’’iccādīhi saddhiṃ ‘‘gāvena gavenā’’tiādīni na yojetabbāni ekantapulliṅgarūpattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci panettha vadeyyuṃ – yā tumhehi <span class="bld">o</span>kārantatāpakatikassa itthiliṅgassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa ‘‘go, gāvī, gāvo, gāvī, gavo’’tiādinā nayena padamālā ṭhapitā, sā ‘‘mātugāmo itthī mātugāmā itthiyo’’ti vuttasadisā ca hotīti? Tanna. <span class="bld">Mātugāmaitthī</span>saddā hi nānāliṅgā pumitthiliṅgabhāvena, nānādhātukā ca <span class="bld">gamu isu</span>dhātuvasena, imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne <span class="bld">go gāvī</span>saddā ekaliṅgā itthi liṅgabhāvena, <span class="bld">eka</span>dhātukā ca <span class="bld">gamu</span>dhātuvasenāti. Yajjevaṃ <span class="bld">goṇa</span>saddassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddassādesavasena <span class="bld">kaccāyanena</span> vuttattā tadādesattaṃ ekadhātukattañcāgamma tenāpi saddhiṃ missetvā padamālā vattabbāti? Na, <span class="bld">goṇa</span>saddassa accantapulliṅgattā <span class="bld">a</span>kārantatāpakatikattā ca. Tathā hi so visuṃ pulliṅgaṭṭhāne uddiṭṭho. Ayaṃ pana ‘‘go, gāvī, gāvo, gāvī, gavo’’tiādikā padamālā <span class="bld">o</span>kārīkārantapadāni missetvā katāti na sallakkhetabbā, atha kho vikappena <span class="bld">go</span>saddato paresaṃ <span class="bld">si yo aṃ</span>vacanānaṃ <span class="bld">ī</span>kā<span class="bld">riṃ</span>kārādesavasena vuttapadavantattā <span class="bld">o</span>kārantitthiliṅgapadamālā icceva sārato paccetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa itthiliṅgabhāvasādhakāni suttapadāni lokikappayogāni ca kathayāma – ‘‘seyyathāpi bhikkhave vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye kiṭṭhasambādhe gopālako <a name="M0.0282"></a> gāvo rakkheyya, tā gāvo tato tato daṇḍena ākoṭeyya.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Annadā baladā cetā, vaṇṇadā sukhadā ca tā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Etamatthaṃ vasaṃ ñatvā, nāssu gāvo haniṃsu te.</p>
<p class="unindented">Sabbā gāvo samāharati. Gamissanti bhante gāvo vacchagiddhiniyo’’ti imāni suttapadāni. ‘‘Gosu duyhamānāsu gato’’tiādīni pana lokikappayogāni. Iti <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa itthiliṅgabhāvopi pulliṅgabhāvo viya sārato paccetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra ‘‘go, gāvī, gāvo, gāvī, gavo’’tiādīni kiñcāpi itthiliṅgabhāvena vuttāni, tathāpi yathāpayogaṃ ‘‘pajā devatā’’tipadāni viya itthipurisavācakāneva bhavanti, tasmā itthiliṅgavasena ‘‘sā go’’ti vā ‘‘tā gāvo’’ti vā vutte itthipumabhūtā sabbepi goṇā gahitāti veditabbā. Na hi īdise ṭhāne ekantato liṅgaṃ padhānaṃ, atthoyeva padhāno. ‘‘Vajegāvo duhantī’’ti vutte kiñcāpi ‘‘gāvo’’ti ayaṃ saddo pumepi vattati, tathāpi duhanakriyāya pume asambhavato atthavasena itthiyo ñāyante. ‘‘Gāvī duhantī’’ti vutte pana liṅgavasena atthavasena ca vacanato ko saṃsayamāpajjissati viññū. ‘‘Tā gāvo carantī’’ti vutte itthiliṅgavasena vacanato kadāci kassaci saṃsayo siyā ‘‘nanu itthiyo’’ti, pulliṅgavasena pana ‘‘te gāvo carantī’’ti vutte saṃsayo natthi, itthiyo ca pumāno ca ñāyante pulliṅgabahuvacanena katthaci itthipumassa gahitattā. ‘‘Athettha sīhā byagghā cā’’tiādīsu viya ‘‘gāvī caratī’’ti ca ‘‘gāviṃ passatī’’ti ca vutte itthī viññāyate <span class="bld">gāvī</span>saddena itthiyā gahetabbattā<a name="M0.0283"></a>. Lokikappayogesu hi sāsanikappayogesu ca <span class="bld">gāvī</span>saddena itthī gayhati. Ekaccaṃ pana sāsanikappayogaṃ sandhāya ‘‘gāvī’’ti, ‘‘gāvi’’nti ca ‘‘itthipurisasādhāraṇavacanamavocumha. Tathā hi ‘‘seyyathāpi bhikkhave dakkho goghātako vā goghātakantevāsī vā gāviṃ vadhitvā catumahāpathe bilaso vibhajitvā nisinno assā’’ti pāḷi dissati. Aṭṭhakathāsu ca ‘‘gāvo’’ti itthipumasādhāraṇaṃ saddaracanaṃ katvā puna tadeva itthipumaṃ sandhāya ‘‘dvāraṃ pattaṃ pattaṃ gāvi’’nti racitā saddaracanā dissati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha hi gojātiyaṃ ṭhitā itthīpi pumāpi ‘‘gāvī’’ti saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Visesato pana ‘‘gāvī’’ti idaṃ itthiyā adhivacanaṃ. Tathā hi tattha tattha pāḷippadesādīsu ‘‘acirapakkantassa bhagavato bāhiyaṃ dārucīriyaṃ gāvī taruṇavacchā adhipatitvā jīvitā voropesī’’ti, ‘‘gāvuṃ vā te demi, gāviṃ vā te demī’’ti ca ‘‘tiṇasīho kapotavaṇṇagāvīsadiso’’ti ca payogadassanato itthī kathiyatīti vattabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Go</span>saddena pana ‘‘goduhanaṃ. Gadduhanaṃ. Gokhīraṃ godhano gorūpāni cā’’ti dassanato itthīpi pumāpi kathiyatīti vattabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">o</span>kārantassa itthiliṅgassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa padamālāyaṃ pāḷinayādinissito atthayuttinayo vuccate viññūnaṃ kosallajananatthaṃ –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sā go gacchati, sā gāvī gacchati, tā gāvo, gāvī, gavo gacchanti. Taṃ gāvaṃ, gāviṃ, gavaṃ passati, tā gāvo, gāvī, gavo passati. Tāhi gohi, gobhi kataṃ. Tāsaṃ gavaṃ, gunnaṃ, gonaṃ deti. Tāhi gohi, gobhi apeti. Tāsaṃ gavaṃ<a name="M0.0284"></a>, gunnaṃ, gonaṃ siṅgāni. Tāsu gosu patiṭṭhitaṃ. Bhoti go tvaṃ tiṭṭha, bhotiyo gāvo gāvī, gavā tumhe tiṭṭhatha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparopi vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sā go nadiṃ tarantī gacchati, sā gāvī nadiṃ tarantī gacchati, tā gāvo, gāvī, gavo nadiṃ tarantīyo gacchanti. Taṃ gāvaṃ, gāviṃ, gavaṃ nadiṃ tarantiṃ passati, tā gāvo, gāvī, gavo nadiṃ tarantiyo passati. Tāhi gohi, gobhi nadiṃ tarantīhi kataṃ. Tāsaṃ gavaṃ, gunnaṃ, gonaṃ nadiṃ tarantīnaṃ deti. Tāhi gohi, gobhi nadiṃ tarantīhi apeti. Tāsaṃ gavaṃ, gunnaṃ, gonaṃ nadiṃ tarantīnaṃ santakaṃ. Tāsu gosu nadiṃ tarantīsu patiṭṭhitanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra yā sā ‘‘go, gāvī, gāvo, gāvī, gavo’’tiādinā <span class="bld">o</span>kārantassitthiliṅgassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa padamālā ṭhapitā, sā ‘‘go, gāvo gavo’’tiādinā vuttassa <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapulliṅgassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa padamālāto savisesā paccattopayogālapanaṭṭhāne catunnaṃ <span class="bld">kaññā</span>saddānaṃ viya <span class="bld">gāvī</span>saddānaṃ vuttattā. Yasmā panāyaṃ viseso, tasmā imassa <span class="bld">o</span>kārantitthiliṅgassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa aññesamitthiliṅgānaṃ viya avisadākāravohāratā sallakkhetabbā, na pulliṅgānaṃ viya visadākāravohāratā, nāpi napuṃsakaliṅgānaṃ viya ubhayamuttākāravohāratā sallakkhetabbā. Ettha nicchayakaraṇī gāthā vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Duvinnaṃ <span class="bld">dhātu</span>saddānaṃ, yathā dissati nānatā;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Go</span>saddānaṃ tathā dvinnaṃ, icchitabbāva nānatā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā hi pumitthiliṅgavasena dvinnaṃ <span class="bld">dhātu</span>saddānaṃ viseso dissati. Taṃ yathā?</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dhātu<a name="M0.0285"></a>, dhātū, dhātavo. Dhātuṃ, dhātū, dhātavo. Dhātunā, dhātūhi, dhātūbhi. Dhātussa, dhātūnaṃ. Dhātusmā, dhātumhā, dhātūhi, dhātūbhi. Dhātussa, dhātūnaṃ. Dhātusmiṃ, dhātumhi, dhātūsu. Ayaṃ pulliṅgaviseso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dhātu, dhātū, dhātuyo. Dhātuṃ, dhātū, dhātuyo. Dhātuyā, dhātūhi, dhātūbhi. Dhātuyā, dhātūnaṃ. Dhātuyā, dhātūhi, dhātūbhi. Dhātuyā, dhātūnaṃ. Dhātuyā, dhātuyaṃ, dhātūsu. Ayaṃ itthiliṅgassa viseso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā ca dvinnaṃ <span class="bld">dhātu</span>saddānaṃ viseso paññāyati, tathā dvinnampi <span class="bld">go</span>saddānaṃ viseso paññāyateva. Yathā ca punnapuṃsakaliṅgānaṃ dvinnaṃ <span class="bld">āyu</span>saddānaṃ ‘‘āyu, āyū, āyavo’’tiādinā, ‘‘āyu, āyū, āyūnī’’tiādinā ca viseso paññāyati, yathā dvinnampi <span class="bld">go</span>saddānaṃ viseso paññāyateva. Tathā hi visadākāravohāro pulliṅgaṃ, avisadākāravohāro itthiliṅgaṃ, ubhayamuttākāravohāro napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni imamevatthaṃ pākaṭataraṃ katvā saṅkhepato kathayāma – <span class="bld">puriso</span>ti visadākāravohāro, <span class="bld">kaññā</span>ti avisadākāravohāro, <span class="bld">rūpa</span>nti ubhayamuttākāravohāro. Puriso tiṭṭhati, kaññā tiṭṭhati, kaññā tiṭṭhanti, kaññā passati, bhotiyo kaññā tiṭṭhatha, etthekapadamasamaṃ, cattāri samāni. Purisā tiṭṭhanti, purisā nissaṭaṃ, bhavanto purisā gacchatha. Kaññāyo tiṭṭhanti, kaññāyo passati, bhotiyo kaññāyo gacchatha, tīṇi tīṇi samāni. Purisaṃ passati, kaññaṃ passati, dve asamāni. Purise passati, purise patiṭṭhitaṃ, dve samāni. Tena purisena kataṃ, tāya kaññāya kataṃ, tāya kaññāya deti, tāya kaññāya <a name="M0.0286"></a> apeti, tāya kaññāya santakaṃ, tāya kaññāya patiṭṭhitaṃ, ekamasamaṃ, pañca samāni. Evaṃ pulliṅgassa visadākāravohāratā dissati, itthiliṅgassa avisadākāravohāratā dissati. Napuṃsakaliṅgassa pana ‘‘rūpaṃ, rūpāni, rūpā. Rūpaṃ, rūpāni, rūpe. Bho rūpa, bhavanto rūpāni, rūpā’’ti evaṃ tīsu paccattopayogālapanaṭṭhānesu sa<span class="bld">ni</span>kārāya visesāya rūpamālāya vasena ubhayamuttākāravohāratā dissati, pumitthiliṅgānaṃ tīsu ṭhānesu sa<span class="bld">ni</span>kārāni rūpāni sabbadā na santi, iti visadākāravohāro pulliṅgaṃ, avisadākāravohāro itthiliṅgaṃ, ubhayamuttākāravohāro napuṃsakaliṅganti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ nayo ‘‘saddhā sati hirī, yā itthī saddhā pasannā, te manussā saddhā pasannā, pahūtaṃ saddhaṃ paṭiyattaṃ, saddhaṃ kula’’ntiādīsu samānasutikasaddesupi padamālāvasena labbhateva. Yā ca pana itthiliṅgassa avisadākāravohāratā vuttā, sā ekaccesupi saṅkhyāsaddesu labbhati. Tathā hi vīsatiādayo navutipariyantā saddā ekavacanantā itthiliṅgāti vuttā, ettha ‘‘vīsatiyā’’ti pañcakkhattuṃ vattabbaṃ, tathā ‘‘tiṃsāyā’’tiādīnaṃ ‘‘navutiyā’’ti padapariyantānaṃ, evaṃ <span class="bld">vīsati</span>ādīnaṃ <span class="bld">kaññā</span>saddasseva avisadākāravohāratā labbhatīti avagantabbaṃ. Yadi evaṃ <span class="bld">ticatu</span>saddesu kathanti? <span class="bld">Ticatu</span>saddā pana yasmā ‘‘tayo tisso tīṇi, cattāro caturo catasso cattārī’’ti attano attano rūpāni abhidheyyaliṅgānugabhattā yathāsakaliṅgavasena ‘‘purisā kaññāyo cittānī’’tiādīhi visadāvisadobhayarahitākāravohārasaṅkhātehi saddehi yogaṃ gacchanti, tasmā paccekaliṅgavasena visadāvisadobhayarahitākāravohārāti vattumarahanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbanāmesupi <a name="M0.0287"></a> ayaṃ tividho ākāro labbhati rūpavisesayogato. Kathaṃ? Punnapuṃsakavisaye ‘‘tassa kassa’’ iccādīni sabbāni sabbanāmikarūpāni catutthīchaṭṭhiyantāni bhavanti, itthiliṅgavisaye ‘‘tassā kassā’’ iccādīni sabbanāmikarūpāni tatiyācatutthīpañcamīchaṭṭhīsattamiyantāni bhavanti, tasmā sabbanāmattepi itthiliṅgassa avisadākāravohāratā ekantato sampaṭicchitabbā. Ettha pana sulabhāni catutthīchaṭṭhīrūpāni anāharitvā sudullabhabhāvena tatiyāpañcamīsattamīrūpāni sāsanato āharitvā dassessāma bhagavato pāvacane nikkaṅkhabhāvena sotūnaṃ paramasaṇhasukhumañāṇādhigamatthaṃ. Taṃ yathā? ‘‘Āyasmā udāyī yena sā kumārikā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā tassā kumārikāya saddhiṃ eko ekāya raho paṭicchanne āsane alaṃkammanīye nisajjaṃ kappesī’’ti. Ettha ‘‘tassā’’ti tatiyāya rūpaṃ, ‘‘tassā’’ti tatiyāya rūpe diṭṭheyeva ‘‘sabbassā katarissā’’tiādīni tatiyārūpāni pāḷiyaṃ anāgatānipidiṭṭhāniyeva nāma tesaṃ aññamaññasamānagatikattā, diṭṭhena ca adiṭṭhassapi yuttassa gahetabbattā. ‘‘Kassāhaṃ kena hāyāmī’’ti ettha ‘‘kassā’’ti pañcamiyā rūpaṃ, ‘‘kassā’’ti pañcamiyā rūpe diṭṭheyeva ‘‘sabbassā katarissā’’tiādīni pañcamiyā rūpāni pāḷiyaṃ anāgatānipi diṭṭhāniyeva nāma. ‘‘Aññataro bhikkhu vesāliyaṃ mahāvane makkaṭiṃ āmisena upalāpetvā tassā methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevati. Aññataro bhikkhu aññatarissā itthiyā paṭibaddhacitto hotī’’ti ca ettha ‘‘tassā aññatarissā’’ti ca sattamiyā rūpaṃ, tasmiṃ diṭṭheyeva ‘‘sabbassā katarissā’’tiādīni sattamiyā rūpāni pāḷiyaṃ anāgatānipi diṭṭhāniyeva nāmāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu <a name="M0.0288"></a> ca bho ‘‘tassā kumārikāya saddhi’’nti ettha ‘‘tassā’’ti idaṃ vibhattivipallāsena vuttaṃ, ‘‘tāyā’’ti hissa attho, tathā ‘‘kassāhaṃ kena hāyāmī’’ti idampi vibhattivipallāsena vuttaṃ. ‘‘Kāyā’’ti hissa attho. ‘‘Aññatarissā itthiyā paṭibaddhacitto’’ti etthāpi ‘‘aññatarissā’’ti idaṃ vibhattivipallāsena vuttaṃ. ‘‘Aññatarissa’’nti hissa atthoti? Tanna, īdisesu cuṇṇiyapadavisayesu vibhattivipallāsassa anicchitabbattā. Nanu ca bho cuṇṇiyapadavisayepi ‘‘saṅghe gotami dehī’’tiādīsu ‘‘saṅghassā’’ti vibhattivipallāsatthaṃ vadanti garūti? Saccaṃ, tathāpi tādisesu ṭhānesu dve adhippāyā bhavanti ādhārapaṭiggāhakabhāvena bhummasampadānānamicchitabbattā. Tathā hi ‘‘saṅghassa dethā’’ti vattukāmassa sato ‘‘saṅghe dethā’’ti vacanaṃ na virujjhati, yujjatiyeva. Tathā ‘‘saṅghe dethā’’ti vattukāmassapi sato ‘‘saṅghassa dethā’’ti vacanampi na virujjhati, yujjatiyeva, yathā pana <span class="bld">alābu lābu</span>saddesu visuṃ visuṃ vijjamānesupi ‘‘lābūni sīdanti silā plavantī’’ti ettha chandānurakkhaṇatthaṃ <span class="bld">a</span>kāralopo hotīti akkharalopo buddhiyā kariyati. Tathā ‘‘saṅghe gotami dehī’’tiādīsupi buddhiyā vibhattivipallāsassa parikappanaṃ katvā ‘‘saṅghassā’’ti vipallāsatthamicchanti ācariyā. Tasmā ‘‘saṅghe gotami dehi. Vessantare varaṃ datvā’’tiādīsu vibhattivipallāso yutto ‘‘tassā kumārikāyā’’tiādīsu pana na yutto, vibhattivipallāso ca nāma yebhuyyena ‘‘neva dānaṃ viramissa’’ntiādīsu gāthāsu icchitabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathāpi vadeyya yā sā tumhehi ‘‘tassā methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevatī’’ti pāḷi ābhatā, na sā sattamīpayogā. ‘‘Tassā’’ti <a name="M0.0289"></a> hi idaṃ chaṭṭhiyantapadaṃ ‘‘tassāmakkaṭiyāaṅgajāte methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevatī’’ti atthasambhavatoti? Tanna, <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> ‘‘tassāti bhummavacana’’nti vuttattā. Kiñca bhiyyo – aṭṭhakathāyaṃyeva ‘‘tassā ca sikkhāya sikkhaṃ paripūrento sikkhati, tasmiñca sikkhāpade avītikkamanto sikkhatī’’ti imasmiṃ padese ‘‘tassā’’ti bhummavacanaṃ niddeso katoti. Nanu ca bho tatthāpi ‘‘tassā’’ti idaṃ vibhattivipallāsavasena bhummatthe sāmivacananti? ‘‘Ativiya tvaṃ vibhattivipallāsanaye kusalosi, vibhattivipallāsiko nāmā’’ti bhavaṃ vattabbo. Yo tvaṃ dhammasaṅgāhakattherehi vuttapāḷimpi ullaṅghasi, aṭṭhakathāvacanampi ullaṅghasi, aparampi te <span class="bld">niddesapāḷiṃ</span> āharissāma. Sace tvaṃ paṇḍitajātiko, saññattiṃ gamissasi. Sace apaṇḍitajātiko, attano gāhaṃ amuñcantoyeva saññattiṃ na gamissati, sāsane cittiṃ katvā suṇohīti. ‘‘Tasmā hi sikkhetha idheva jantū’’ti imissā pāḷiyā atthaṃ niddisantena pabhinnapaṭisambhidena satthukappena aggasāvakena dhammasenāpatinā <span class="bld">āyasmatā sāriputtena</span> ‘‘idhāti imissā diṭṭhiyā imissā khantiyā imissā ruciyā imasmiṃ ādāye imasmiṃ dhamme’’ti evaṃ ‘‘imissā’’ti padaṃ bhummavacanavasena vuttaṃ. Tañhi ‘‘idhā’’ti padassa atthavācakattā sattamiyā rūpanti viññāyati. Iti ‘‘imissā’’ti sattamiyā rūpe diṭṭheyeva ‘‘sabbassā katarissā’’tiādīni sattamiyā rūpāni pāḷiyaṃ anāgatānipi diṭṭhāniyeva nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparampi te sabbalokānukampakena sabbaññunā āhaccabhāsitaṃ pāḷiṃ āharissāma, cittiṃ katvā suṇohi, ‘‘aṭṭhānametaṃ bhikkhave anavakāso, yaṃ ekissā lokadhātuyā <a name="M0.0290"></a> apubbaṃ acarimaṃ dve arahanto sammāsambuddhā uppajjeyyu’’nti ettha ‘‘ekissā’’ti idaṃ sattamiyā rūpaṃ. Evaṃ ‘‘ekissā’’ti sattamiyā rūpe diṭṭheyeva ‘‘sabbassā katarissā’’tiādīni sattamiyā rūpāni pāḷiyaṃ anāgatānipi diṭṭhāniyeva nāma. Na hi sabbathāpi vohārā sarūpato pāḷiādīsu dissanti, ekacce dissanti, ekacce na dissantiyeva. Atridaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tassā’’iccādayo saddā, ‘‘tāya’’iccādayo viya;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ñeyyā pañcasu ṭhānesu, tatiyādīsu dhīmatā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tiṇṇannaṃ pana <span class="bld">nā</span>dīnaṃ, hoti <span class="bld">sa</span>byapadesato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Tassā kassā’’tiādīni, bhavanti tatiyādisu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atra panāyaṃ pāḷinayavibhāvanā aṭṭhakathānayavibhāvanā ca – tassā kaññāya saddhiṃ gacchati, tassā kaññāya kataṃ, tassā kaññāya deti, tassā kaññāya apeti, tassā kaññāya ayaṃ kaññā hīnā, tassā kaññāya ayaṃ kaññā adhikā, tassā kaññāya santakaṃ, tassā kaññāya patiṭṭhitanti. Dullabhāyaṃ nīti sādhukaṃ cittiṃ katvā pariyāpuṇitabbā sāsanassa ciraṭṭhitatthaṃ. Evaṃ sabbathāpi pāḷiaṭṭhakathānayānusārena itthiliṅgassa avisadākāravohāratā ñātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ pana ñatvā viññujātinā ‘‘dvinnaṃ <span class="bld">go</span>saddānaṃ rūpamālāvisesena liṅganānattaṃ hotī’’ti niṭṭhametthāvagantabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Go</span>saddo hi ‘‘puriso mātugāmo orodho āpo satthā’’tiādayo viya na niyogā visadākāravohāro, nāpi ‘‘kaññā ratti itthī’’tiādayo viya niyogā avisadākāravohāro. Tathā hi ayaṃ pulliṅgabhāve <span class="bld">dhātu</span>saddo viya visadākāravohāro, itthiliṅgabhāve avisadākāravohāro<a name="M0.0291"></a>. Iti imassa atthassa sotūnaṃ ñāpanena paramasaṇhasukhumañāṇappaṭilābhattaṃ ‘‘go, gāvī gāvo. Gāviṃ, gavo’’tiādinā okārantassa itthiliṅgassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa āveṇikā nāmikapadamālā vuttā. Ettha pana ‘‘gāvi’’nti ekakkhattumāgataṃ, ‘‘go gohī’’tiādīni dvikkhattuṃ, ‘‘gāvo gāvī gāva’’nti tikkhattuṃ, ‘‘gāviyā’’ti pañcakkhattuṃ, evamettha pañcakkhattuṃ āgatapadānaṃ vasena avisadākāro dissatīti idaṃ itthiliṅganti gahetabbaṃ. Imañhi nayaṃ muñcitvā natthi añño nayo yena <span class="bld">go</span>saddo itthiliṅgo siyā. Tasmā idameva amhākaṃ mataṃ sārato paccetabbaṃ. Pumitthiliṅgasaṅkhātānaṃ dvinnaṃ <span class="bld">go</span>saddānaṃ rūpamālāya nibbisesataṃ vadantānaṃ pana ācariyānaṃ mataṃ pulliṅge vattamānena <span class="bld">go</span>saddeni’tthiliṅge vattamānassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa rūpamālāya sadisatte sati <span class="bld">mātugāma</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālāyo samaṃ yojetvā pumitthiliṅgabhāvaparikappanaṃ viya hotīti na sārato paccetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana kiñci liṅgasaṃsandanaṃ kathayāma – heṭṭhā niddiṭṭhassa <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapulliṅgassa <span class="bld">go</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālāyaṃ ‘‘gāvuṃ gāvaṃ gāvenā’’tiādīni ekakkhattumāgatāni, ‘‘go gohī’’tiādīni dvikkhattuṃ, ‘‘gāvo gavo gava’’nti imāni pana ‘‘satthā rājā’’tiādīni viya tikkhattuṃ, catukkhattuṃ vā panettha pañcakkhattuṃ vā āgatapadāni na santi. Tadabhāvato visadākāro dissati. <span class="bld">Purisa</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālāyampi ‘‘puriso purisa’’ntiādīni ekakkhattumāgatāni, ‘‘purise’’tiādīni dvikkhattuṃ, ‘‘purisā’’ti tikkhattuṃ. Evaṃ visadākāro dissati. <span class="bld">Ā</span>kārantitthiliṅgassa pana ‘‘kañña’’ntiādīni ekakkhattumāgatāni, ‘‘kaññāhī’’tiādīni dvikkhattuṃ, ‘‘kaññāyo’’tiādīni tikkhattuṃ, ‘‘kaññā’’ti idaṃ catukkhattuṃ, ‘‘kaññāyā’’ti idaṃ pana pañcakkhattuṃ. Evaṃ avisadākāro dissati. <span class="bld">Ā</span>kārantapulliṅgassatu ‘‘sattharī’’tiādīni ekakkhattumāgatāni, ‘‘satthū’’tiādīni <a name="M0.0292"></a> dvikkhattuṃ, ‘‘satthā’’tiādīni tikkhattuṃ, evaṃ visadākāro dissati. Iminā nayena sabbāsupi pumitthiliṅgapadamālāsu visadākāro ca avisadākāro ca veditabbo. Napuṃsakaliṅgassa pana nāmikapadamālāyaṃ ‘‘cittenā’’tiādīni ekakkhattumāgatāni, ‘‘citta’’ntiādīni dvikkhattuṃ, ‘‘cittānī’’ti idaṃ tikkhattuṃ āgataṃ. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhi āyu</span>saddādīsupi eseva nayo. Ettha ubhayamuttākāro dissati. Kiñcāpettha catukkhattuṃ pañcakkhattuṃ vā āgatapadānaṃ abhāvato visadākāro upalabbhamāno viya dissati, tathāpi yasmā ‘‘cittaṃ aṭṭhi āyū’’tiādīni napuṃsakāni ‘‘gacchaṃ aggi bhikkhū’’tiādīnaṃ pulliṅgānaṃ nayena appavattanato visadākārañca, ‘‘ratti yāgū’’tiādīnaṃ itthiliṅgānaṃ nayena appavattanato avisadākārañca ubhayamanupagamma visesato ‘‘cittaṃ, cittāni, cittā. Cittaṃ, cittāni, citte’’tiādinā sa<span class="bld">ni</span>kārāya rūpamālāya rūpavantāni bhavanti, tasmā tesamākāro ubhayamuttoti daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tividhopāyaṃ ākāro sakkaṭabhāsāsu na labbhati. Tenesa sabbesupi byākaraṇasatthesu na vutto. Sabbasattānaṃ pana mūlabhāsābhūtāya jineritāya māgadhikāya sabhāvaniruttiyā labbhati. Tathā hi ayaṃ niruttimañjūsāyaṃ vutto –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiṃ panetaṃ liṅgaṃ nāma? Keci tāva vadanti –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Thanakesavatī itthī, massuvā puriso siyā. Ubhinnamantaraṃ etaṃ, itaro’bhayamuttako’ti</p>
<p class="indent">Vuttattā visiṭṭhā thanakesādayo liṅga’’nti, etaṃ na sabbattha, gaṅgāsālārukkhādīnaṃ thanādinā sambandhābhāvato.</p>
<p class="indent">Apare <a name="M0.0293"></a> vadanti – ‘‘na liṅgaṃ nāma paramatthato kiñci atthi, lokasaṅketarūḷho pana vohāro liṅgaṃ nāmā’’ti. Idamettha sanniṭṭhānaṃ. Sabbaliṅgikopi saddo hoti <span class="bld">taṭaṃ taṭī taṭo</span>ti. Yadi ca paramatthato liṅgaṃ nāma siyā, kathaṃ aññamaññaviruddhānaṃ tesaṃ ekattha samāveso bhavati, tasmā yassa kassaci atthassa avisadākāravohāro itthiliṅgaṃ, visadākāravohāro pulliṅgaṃ, ubhayamuttākāravohāro napuṃsakaliṅganti veditabbanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana nāmikapadamālāsaṅkhātapabandhavaseneva avisadākāravohārāditā gahetabbā, na ekekapadavasena. Tathā hi ‘‘kaññā puriso citta’’nti ca, ‘‘kaññāyo purisā cittānī’’ti ca evamādikassa ekekapadassa avisadākāravohārāditā na dissati. Yasmā pana pabandhavasena visadākāravohārādibhāve siddheyeva samudāyāvayavattā ekekapadassapi avisadākāravohārāditā sijjhateva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci pana nāmikapadamālāsaṅkhātaṃ pabandhaṃ aparāmasitvā ekekapadavaseneva avisadākāravohārādikaṃ icchanti, te vattabbā ‘‘yadi ekekapadasseva avisadākāravohārāditā siyā, evaṃ sante ‘kaññā purisā satthā guṇavā rājā’tiādīnaṃ padānaṃ ākārasutivasena, ‘puriso satthāro kaññāyo’tiādīnaṃ pana <span class="bld">o</span>kārasutivasena, ‘cittaṃ purisaṃ kañña’ntiādīnaṃ anusārasutivasena aññamaññaṃ samānasutisambhavā kathaṃ avisadākāravohārāditā siyā’’ti? Kiñcāpi te evaṃ vadeyyuṃ ‘‘siyā eva, nānattaṃ pana tesaṃ duppaṭivedha’’nti. Te vattabbā ‘‘mā tumhe evamavacuttha, dujjānatarampi nibbānaṃ kathanasamatthaṃ puggalaṃ nissāya jānanti, tasmā suṭṭhu upaparikkhitvā vadethā’’ti. Evañca pana vatvā <a name="M0.0294"></a> tato uttari te pañhaṃ pucchitabbā <span class="bld">‘‘bodhi</span>saddo <span class="bld">āyu</span>saddo ca kataraliṅgo’’ti. Te jānantā evaṃ vakkhanti <span class="bld">‘‘bodhi</span>saddo itthiliṅgo ceva pulliṅgo ca, <span class="bld">āyu</span>saddo ca pana napuṃsakaliṅgo ca pulliṅgo cāti dviliṅgā ete saddā’’ti. Te vattabbā ‘‘yadi <span class="bld">bodhi</span>saddo ca <span class="bld">āyu</span>saddo ca dviliṅgā ete saddā, evaṃ sante dvinnaṃ <span class="bld">bodhi</span>saddānaṃ ekapadabhāvena vavatthitānaṃ accantasamānasutikānaṃ kathaṃ avisadākāravohāratā ca visadākāravohāratā ca siyā, kathañca pana dvinnaṃ <span class="bld">āyu</span>saddānaṃ ekapadabhāvena vavatthitānaṃ accantasamānasutikānaṃ ubhayamuttākāravohāratā ca visadākāravohāratā ca siyā’’ti? Evaṃ vuttā te addhā kiñci uttari apassantā niruttarā bhavissanti. Saddasatthavidū pana saddasatthato nayaṃ gahetvā vadanti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ese’sā eta’miti ca,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Pasiddhi atthesu yesu lokassa;</p>
<p class="gatha3">‘Thīpumanapuṃsakānī’ti,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vuccante tāni nāmānī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tesaṃ kira ayamadhippāyo – ‘‘eso puriso, eso mātugāmo, eso rājā, esā itthī, esā latā, etaṃ napuṃsakaṃ, etaṃ citta’’nti evaṃ purisādīsu yesu atthesu lokassa ‘‘eso esā eta’’nti ca pasiddhi hoti, tesu atthesu tāni nāmāni ‘‘pumitthinapuṃsakaliṅgānī’’ti vuccanti, taṃdvārena aññānipīti. Evaṃ vadantehi tehi ‘‘iminā nāma ākārena ‘eso esā eta’nti nāmāni aññāni ca pulliṅgādināmaṃ labhantī’’ti ayaṃ viseso na dassito, saddhammanayaññūhi pana neruttikehi dassito ‘‘yassa kassaci atthassa avisadākāravohāro itthiliṅga’’ntiādinā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci <a name="M0.0295"></a> pana ‘‘avisadākārānaṃ atthānaṃ vācako vohāro itthiliṅga’’ntiādīni vadanti, taṃ na gahetabbaṃ. Yadi hi avisadākārānaṃ atthānaṃ vācako vohāro itthiliṅgaṃ, evaṃ sante mātugāmakalattakantakaṇṭakagumbādayopi vohārā itthiliṅgāni siyuṃ avisadākārattā tadatthānaṃ. Yadi pana visadākārānaṃ atthānaṃ vācako vohāro pulliṅgaṃ, evaṃ sante ‘‘devatā saddhā ñāṇa’’miccādayopi vohārā pulliṅgāni siyuṃ visadākārattā tadatthānaṃ. Atha vā yadi avisadākārānaṃ atthānaṃ vācako vohāro itthiliṅgaṃ, visadākārānaṃ panatthānaṃ vācako vohāro pulliṅgaṃ, evaṃ sante ekassevatthassa ekakkhaṇe dvīhi liṅgehi na vattabbatā siyā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Atthakāmosi me yakkha, hitakāmāsi devate;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Karomi te taṃ vacanaṃ, tvaṃsi ācariyo mamā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi ca ubhayamuttākārānaṃ atthānaṃ vācako vohāro napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ, evaṃ sante ubhayamuttākārānaṃ atthānaṃ tiṇarukkhādīsu ‘‘idaṃ nāmā’’ti niyamābhāvato liṅgavacanaṃ viruddhaṃ siyā. Apica ‘‘paññāratanaṃ. Sāriputtamoggallānaṃ sāvakayuga’’nti ca ādinā napuṃsakaliṅgavacanena tadatthānampi ubhayamuttākāratā vuttā siyā. Apica ekampi tīraṃ ‘‘taṭaṃ taṭī taṭo’’ti tīhi liṅgehi na vattabbaṃ siyā. Ekampi ca ñāṇaṃ ‘‘paññāṇaṃ paññā pajānanā amoho’’tiādinā tīhi liṅgehi na vattabbaṃ siyā, tasmā taṃ nayaṃ aggahetvā yathāvuttoyeva nayo gahetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Lokasmiñhi itthīnaṃ heṭṭhimakāyo visado hoti, uparimakāyo avisado, uramaṃsaṃ avisadaṃ, gamanādīnipi avisadāni<a name="M0.0296"></a>. Itthiyo hi gacchamānā avisadaṃ gacchanti, tiṭṭhamānā nipajjamānā nisīdamānā khādamānā bhuñjamānā avisadaṃ bhuñjanti. Purisampi hi avisadaṃ disvā ‘‘mātugāmo viya gacchati tiṭṭhati nipajjati nisīdati khādati bhuñjatī’’ti vadanti. Iti yathā itthiyo yebhuyyena avisadākārā, tathā yassa kassaci saviññāṇakassa vā aviññāṇakassa vā atthassa ye vohārā yebhuyyena avisadākārā, teyeva itthiliṅgāni nāma bhavanti. Taṃ yathā? ‘‘Kaññā devatā dhītalikā dubbā saddhā ratti itthī yāgu vadhū’’ iccevamādīni. Purisānaṃ pana heṭṭhimakāyo avisado hoti, uparimakāyo visado, uramaṃsaṃ visadaṃ, gamanādīnipi visadāni honti. Purisā hi gacchamānā visadaṃ gacchanti, tiṭṭhamānā nipajjamānā nisīdamānā khādamānā bhuñjamānā visadaṃ bhuñjanti. Itthimpi hi gamanādīni visadāni kurumānaṃ disvā ‘‘puriso viya gacchatī’’tiādīni vadanti. Iti yathā purisā yebhuyyena visadākārā, tathā yassa kassaci saviññāṇakassa vā aviññāṇakassa vā atthassa ye vohārā yebhuyyena visadākārā, teyeva pulliṅgāni nāma bhavanti. Taṃ yathā? ‘‘Puriso mātugāmo orodho āpo rukkho moho satthā’’ iccevamādīni. Yathā ca pana napuṃsakā ubhayamuttākārā, tathā yassa kassaci saviññāṇakassa vā aviññāṇakassa vā atthassa ye vohārā ubhayamuttākārā, teyeva napuṃsakaliṅgāni nāma bhavanti. Taṃ yathā? ‘‘Cittaṃ rūpaṃ itthāgāraṃ kalattaṃ nāṭakaṃ ratanaṃ ñāṇaṃ aṭṭhi āyu’’iccevamādīni. Iccevaṃ nāmikānaṃ sabbesampi vohārānaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Visadāvisadākārā, ākāro’bhayamuttako;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Liṅgassa lakkhaṇaṃ etaṃ, ñeyyaṃ <span class="bld">syā</span>dippabandhato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ <a name="M0.0297"></a> ṭhānaṃ dubbinivijjhaṃ mahāvanagahanaṃ niggumbaṃ nijjaṭaṃ katvā dassitaṃ sādhukaṃ manasi kātabbaṃ. Iti sabbesaṃ nāmikapadānaṃ pabandhanissitena avisadākāravohārādibhāvena itthiliṅgādibhāvassa sambhavato dvinnampi <span class="bld">go</span>saddānaṃ pabandhanissitena avisadākāravohārādibhāvena yathāsakaṃ itthiliṅgādibhāvo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Savinicchayoyaṃ <span class="bld">o</span>kārantitthiliṅgassa nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">O</span>kārantatāpakatikaṃ <span class="bld">o</span>kārantitthiliṅgaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ sabbathāpi <span class="bld">ā</span>kāranta <span class="bld">i</span>vaṇṇanta <span class="bld">u</span>vaṇṇa<span class="bld">nto</span>kārantavasena chabbidhāni itthiliṅgāni niravasesato gahitāni bhavanti. Etesu pana kesañci <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantānaṃ <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantānañca katthaci paccattekavacanassa <span class="bld">e</span>kārādesavasena yo pabhedo dissati, so idāni vuccati. Tathā hi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Na tvaṃ rādha vijānāsi, aḍḍharatte anāgate;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Abyayataṃ vilapasi, viratte kosiyāyane’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Imasmiṃ <span class="bld">rādhajātake</span> ‘‘virattā’’ti <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantavasena vattabbe paccattavacanassa <span class="bld">e</span>kārādesavasena ‘‘viratte’’ti vuttaṃ. Tathā ‘‘kosiyāyanī’’ti <span class="bld">ī</span>kārantavasena vattabbe paccattavacanassa <span class="bld">e</span>kārādesavasena ‘‘kosiyāyane’’ti vuttaṃ. Tena <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathācariyo ‘‘viratte kosiyāyane</span>ti mātā no kosiyāyanī brāhmaṇī virattā amhākaṃ pitari nippemā jātā’’ti atthaṃ saṃvaṇṇesi. Nanu ca bho <span class="bld">pāḷiyaṃ</span> ‘‘viratte’’ti, ‘‘kosiyāyane’’ti ca paccattavacanassa dassanato <span class="bld">‘‘e</span>kārantampi itthiliṅgaṃ atthī’’ti vattabbanti? Na vattabbaṃ <span class="bld">ā</span>kārīkārantogadharūpavisesattā tesaṃ rūpānaṃ. Ādesavasena <a name="M0.0298"></a> hi siddhattā visuṃ <span class="bld">e</span>kārantaṃ itthiliṅgaṃ nāma natthi, tasmā itthiliṅgānaṃ yathāvuttā chabbidhatāyeva gahetabbā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Iccevaṃ itthiliṅgānaṃ, pakiṇṇanayasālinī;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Padamālā vibhattā me, sāsanatthaṃ sayambhuno.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saddanītisūriyoyaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Anekasuvinicchayarasmikalāpo;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Saṃsayandhakāranudo,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kassa matipadumaṃ na vikāse.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti navaṅge sāṭṭhakathe piṭakattaye byappathagatīsu viññūnaṃ</p>
<p class="centered">Kosallatthāya kate saddanītippakaraṇe</p>
<p class="centered">Itthiliṅgānaṃ nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo</p>
<p class="centered">Aṭṭhamo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="chapter">9. Napuṃsakaliṅganāmikapadamālā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha pubbācariyamataṃ purecaraṃ katvā niggahītantanapuṃsakaliṅgānaṃ ‘‘bhūtaṃ’’iccādikassa pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālaṃ vakkhāma –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Cittaṃ, cittāni. Cittaṃ, cittāni. Cittena, cittehi, cittebhi. Cittassa, cittānaṃ. Cittā, cittasmā, cittamhā, cittehi, cittebhi. Cittassa, cittānaṃ. Citte, cittasmiṃ, cittamhi, cittesu. Bho citta, bho cittā, bhavanto cittāni. <span class="bld">Yamakamahāthera</span>mataṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha kiñcāpi ‘‘cittā’’ti paccattabahuvacanaṃ ‘‘citte’’ti upayogabahuvacanañca anāgataṃ, tathāpi tattha tattha aññesampi tādisānaṃ niggahītantanapuṃsakarūpānaṃ dassanato <span class="bld">vibhaṅgapāḷi</span>yañca ‘‘cha cittā abyākatā’’tiādidassanato gahetabbameva<a name="M0.0299"></a>, tasmā ‘‘cittaṃ, cittāni, cittā. Cittaṃ, cittāni, citte’’ti kamo veditabbo. Niggahītantānañhi napuṃsakaliṅgānaṃ katthaci <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapulliṅgānaṃ viya paccattopayogabahuvacanāni bhavanti. Tāni ca pulliṅgena vā saliṅgena vā aliṅgena vā saddhiṃ samānādhikaraṇāni hutvā kevalāni vā pāvacane sañcaranti. Atra ‘‘cattāro satipaṭṭhānā. Cattāro sammappadhānā. Sabbe mālā upentimaṃ. Yassa ete dhanā atthi. Cattāro mahābhūtā. Tīṇindriyā. Dve indriyā. Dasindriyā. Dve mahābhūte nissāya dve mahābhūtā, pañca viññāṇā, caturo aṅge adhiṭṭhāya, semi vammikamatthake, rūpā saddā rasā gandhā. Rūpe ca sadde ca atho rase ca. Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇa’’nti evamādayo anekasatā pāḷippadesā daṭṭhabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana ‘‘satipaṭṭhānā’’tiādīni padāni liṅgavipallāsavasena vuttānīti na gahetabbāni <span class="bld">satipaṭṭhāna</span>saddādīnaṃ paṭhamekavacanaṭṭhāne <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapulliṅgabhāvena ṭhitabhāvassa adassanato. ‘‘Cattāro’’tiādīniyeva pana padāni liṅgavipallāsavasena vuttānīti gahetabbāni niyogā niggahītantehi napuṃsakaliṅgehi <span class="bld">satipaṭṭhāna</span>saddādīhi saddhiṃ tesaṃ samānādhikaraṇabhāvassa dassanatoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kecettha vadeyyuṃ – nanu ‘‘satipaṭṭhāno dhammo, citto dhammo, cittā dhammā’’tiādippayogadassanato <span class="bld">satipaṭṭhāna</span>saddādīnaṃ <a name="M0.0300"></a> <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapulliṅgabhāvo labbhati. Evaṃ sante kasmā tumhehi <span class="bld">‘‘satipaṭṭhāna</span>saddādīnaṃ paṭhamekavacanaṭṭhāne <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapulliṅgabhāvena ṭhitabhāvassa adassanato’’ti vuttaṃ, kasmā ca ekantato <span class="bld">satipaṭṭhāna</span>saddādīnaṃ niggahītantanapuṃsakaliṅgatā anumatā, nanu ‘‘satipaṭṭhāno dhammo, citto dhammo, cittā dhammā’’tiādidassanato ‘‘cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’’tiādīsupi <span class="bld">‘‘satipaṭṭhāna</span>saddādayo liṅgavipallāsavasena vuttā’’ti vattabbāti? Na vattabbā, kasmāti ce? ‘‘Satipaṭṭhāno dhammo, citto dhammo, cittā dhammā’’tiādīsupi <span class="bld">satipaṭṭhānacitta</span>saddādīnaṃ liṅgavipallāsavasena anicchitabbato. Tattha hi pulliṅgena <span class="bld">dhamma</span>saddena yojetuṃ dhammissaro bhagavā <span class="bld">dhammā</span>pekkhaṃ katvā ‘‘satipaṭṭhāno, citto, cittā’’ti ca abhāsi. Kevalā hi <span class="bld">satipaṭṭhāna</span> cittasaddādayo <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapulliṅgabhāvena katthacipi yojitā na santi, niggahītantanapuṃsakabhāvena pana yojitā santi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā hi ‘‘citto gahapatī’’ti etthāpi pulliṅga<span class="bld">gahapati</span>saddaṃ apekkhitvā viññāṇe pavattaṃ cittanāmaṃ paṇṇattivasena puggale āropetvā puggalavācakaṃ katvā ‘‘citto’’ti vuttaṃ. Yadi pana viññāṇasaṅkhātaṃ cittamadhippetaṃ siyā, ‘‘citta’’micceva vucceyya. Tasmā ‘‘citto gahapati, cittā itthī’’tiādīsu liṅgavipallāso na icchitabbo sāpekkhattā <span class="bld">citta</span>saddādīnaṃ. Yathā ca ettha, evaṃ ‘‘satipaṭṭhāno dhammo, citto dhammo, cittā dhammā’’tiādīsupi liṅgavipallāso na icchitabbo. ‘‘Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’’tiādīsu pana <span class="bld">satipaṭṭhāna</span>saddādīnaṃ apekkhitabbāni padāni na santi, yehi te pulliṅgāni siyuṃ, tasmā ‘‘cattāro’’tiādīniyeva padāni parivattetvā ‘‘cattāri, sabbāni, etānī’’ti napuṃsakaliṅgavasena gahetvā ‘‘satipaṭṭhānā<a name="M0.0301"></a>, sammappadhānā’’tiādīhi padehi yojetabbāni. Īdisesu ṭhānesu keci aṭṭhakathācariyā <span class="bld">ni</span>kāralopaṃ icchanti ‘‘yā pubbe bodhisattānaṃ, pallaṅkavaramābhuje, nimittāni padissantī’’ti ettha viya. Adassanañhi lopo, tasmā ‘‘cattāri satipaṭṭhānāni, cattāri sammappadhānāni, sabbāni mālānī’tiādikā yojanā kātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci pana ‘‘sabbe mālā upenti ma’’nti ettha <span class="bld">mālā</span>saddaṃ itthiliṅganti maññitvā pulliṅgabhūtaṃ <span class="bld">sabbe</span>saddaṃ itthiliṅgavasena parivattetvā ‘‘sabbā mālā’’ti atthaṃ kathenti. Taṃ kiñcāpi yuttataraṃ viya dissati, tathāpi na gahetabbaṃ. Na hi so bhagavā liṅgaṃ naññāsi, na ca ‘‘sabbā mālā upenti ma’’nti dve padāni itthiliṅgāni katvā vattuṃ na sakkhi. Yo evaṃ visadisaliṅgāni padāni uccāresi. Jānantoyeva pana bhagavā vattuṃ sakkontoyeva ca ‘‘sabbe mālā upenti ma’’nti visadisaliṅgāni padāni uccāresi, tasmā pulliṅgabhūtaṃ <span class="bld">sabbe</span>saddaṃ ‘‘sabbānī’’ti napuṃsakaliṅgavasena parivattetvā <span class="bld">vibhaṅgapāḷiyaṃ</span> ‘‘tīṇindriyā’’ti padaṃ viya lutta<span class="bld">ni</span>kārena napuṃsakaliṅgena <span class="bld">mālā</span>saddena yojetvā ‘‘sabbāni mālānī’’ti attho gahetabbo katthaci ‘‘yassa ete dhanā atthī’’ti ettha viya. Ettha hi yassa etāni dhanānīti attho. Idampettha sallakkhitabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Mālā</span>saddo dviliṅgo itthinapuṃsakavasena. Tiṭṭhatu tassitthiliṅgattaṃ suviññeyyattā, napuṃsakatte pana tīṇi mālāni. ‘‘Mālehi ca gandhehi ca bhagavato sarīraṃ pūjentī’’tiādayo napuṃsakappayogānipi bahū sandissantīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi pana bho <span class="bld">māla</span>saddo itthinapuṃsakavasena dviliṅgo, ‘‘sabbe mālā upenti ma’’nti ettha <span class="bld">mālā</span>saddassa itthiliṅgabhāvaparikappane ko doso atthīti? Attheva itthiliṅgasaddassa <a name="M0.0302"></a> pulliṅgabhūtena sabbanāmikapadena saddhiṃ samānādhikaraṇabhāvassābhāvato, napuṃsakaliṅgassa pana pulliṅgabhūtena sabbanāmikapadena saddhiṃ samānādhikaraṇabhāvassa upalabbhanato. Teneva ca ‘‘ete dhanā’’tiādayo payogā pāvacane bahudhā diṭṭhā. Etthāpi pana vadeyyuṃ ‘‘dhanātiādīni vipallāsavasena pulliṅgāniyeva ‘‘ete’’tiādīhi samānādhikaraṇapadehi yojitattā’’ti. Na, napuṃsakāniyevetāni. Yadi hi ‘‘dhanā’’tiādīni pulliṅgāni siyuṃ, katthaci paccattekavacanaṭṭhāne ‘‘eso’’tiādīhi <span class="bld">o</span>kārantasamānādhikaraṇapadehi yojitā <span class="bld">o</span>kāranta<span class="bld">dhana</span>saddādayo siyuṃ. Tathārūpānaṃ abhāvato pana ‘‘dhanā indriyā viññāṇā’’tiādayo saddā napuṃsakaliṅgāniyeva honti. Ayaṃ nayo paccattabahuvacanaṭṭhāneyeva labbhati. Napuṃsakaliṅgāni hi visadākārāni pulliṅgarūpāni viya hutvā pulliṅgehipi saddhiṃ caranti, napuṃsakā viya purisavesadhārino purisehīti niṭṭhametthāvagantabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Athāpi te pubbe vuttavacanaṃ puna parivattetvā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ ‘‘citto gahapati, cittā itthī’’tiādīsu cittaṃ etassa atthīti citto, cittaṃ etissā atthīti cittā yathā ‘‘saddho, saddhā’’ti evaṃ assatthīti atthavasena gahetabbato liṅgavipallāso nicchitabbo, ‘‘satipaṭṭhāno dhammo, citto dhammo, cittā dhammā’’tiādīni pana evarūpassa atthassa aggahetabbato ‘‘satipaṭṭhānaṃ dhammo, cittaṃ dhammo, cittāni dhammā’’ti vattabbe liṅgavipallāsena ‘‘satipaṭṭhāno dhammo, citto dhammo, cittā dhammā’’tiādi vuttanti liṅgavipallāso icchitabbo’’ti? Tanna, ‘‘citto gahapatī’’tiādīsu pana ‘‘satipaṭṭhāno dhammo’’tiādīsu ca <span class="bld">cittasatipaṭṭhāna</span>saddādīnaṃ <span class="bld">gahapati dhammā</span>dīnaṃ apekkhanavasena niccaṃ pulliṅgabhāvassa icchitattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā <a name="M0.0303"></a> hi ekantanapuṃsakaliṅgopi <span class="bld">puñña</span>saddo abhisaṅkhārāpekkhanavasena ‘‘puñño abhisaṅkhāro’’ti pulliṅgo jāto, tathā ekantanapuṃsakaliṅgāpi <span class="bld">paduma maṅgala</span>saddādayo aññassatthassāpekkhanavasena ‘‘padumo bhagavā, padumā devī, maṅgalo bhagavā, maṅgalā itthī’’ti ca pumitthiliṅgā jātā. Ekantapulliṅgāpi hatthivisesavācakā <span class="bld">kālāvaka gaṅgeyya</span>saddādayo <span class="bld">kulā</span>pekkhanavasena ‘‘kālāvakañca gaṅgeyya’’ntiādinā napuṃsakaliṅgā jātā. Tadapekkhanavasena hi <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> ‘‘kālāvako ca gaṅgeyyo’’tiādi pulliṅganiddeso dissati. Evaṃ taṃtadatthānamapekkhanavasena taṃtaṃpakatiliṅgaṃ nāsetvā aparaṃ liṅgaṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā niddeso dissati, na ca tāni sabbānipi liṅgāni taddhitavasena aññaliṅgāni jātāni, atha kho <span class="bld">gahapatidhammā</span>dīnaṃ apekkhanavaseneva aññaliṅgāni jātāni, tasmā ‘‘petāni bhoti puttāni, khādamānā tuvaṃ pure. Siviputtāni cavhaya. Evaṃ dhammāni sutvāna, vippasīdanti paṇḍitā’’tiādīsuyeva liṅgavipallāso icchitabbo anaññāpekkhakattā vutta<span class="bld">dhamma</span>saddādīnaṃ, na pana ‘‘citto gahapati, cittā itthī, satipaṭṭhāno dhammo, citto dhammo, cittā dhammā’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">citta</span>saddādīnaṃ vipallāso icchitabbo <span class="bld">gahapati dhammā</span>dīnaṃ apekkhakattā tesanti niṭṭhametthāvagantabbaṃ, idañca ekaccānaṃ sammohaṭṭhānaṃ, tasmā saddhammaṭṭhitiyā ayaṃ nīti saddhāsampannehi kulaputtehi sādhukaṃ manasi kātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Badaratitthavihāravāsī <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālo</span> pana ‘‘aparimāṇā padā aparimāṇā akkharā aparimāṇā byañjanāti pāḷippadese <a name="M0.0304"></a> ‘padā akkharā byañjanā’ti liṅgavipallāso katoti daṭṭhabba’’nti āha. Etthāpi mayaṃ ‘‘padā’’ti idaṃ ‘‘indriyā rūpā’’tiādīni viya napuṃsakaliṅgamevāti vadāma <span class="bld">o</span>kārantavasena paṭhamekavacanantabhāvābhāvato, itaradvayaṃ pana napuṃsakaliṅgantipi pulliṅgantipi gahetabbaṃ niggahīta<span class="bld">nto</span>kārantavasena paṭhamekavacanantabhāvassūpalabbhanato. Tathā hi ‘‘puttāni latāni pabbatāni dhammānī’’tiādīnaṃyeva liṅgavipallāsāni icchitabbāni niggahītantavasena paṭhamekavacanantatāya anupaladdhito, tesa<span class="bld">ñco</span>kāra<span class="bld">ntā</span>kārantavasena paṭhamekavacanantatādassanato. ‘‘Jarādhammaṃ mā jīrī’’ti idaṃ pana aññapadatthavasena napuṃsakaṃ jātanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhūtaṃ, bhūtāni, bhūtā. Bhūtaṃ, bhūtāni, bhūte. Bhūtena, bhūtehi, bhūtebhi. Bhūtassa, bhūtānaṃ. Bhūtā, bhūtasmā, bhūtamhā, bhūtehi, bhūtebhi. Bhūtassa, bhūtānaṃ. Bhūte, bhūtasmiṃ, bhūtamhi, bhūtesu. Bho bhūta, bhavanto bhūtāni, bhavanto bhūtā. Evaṃ <span class="bld">citta</span>nayena nāmikapadamālā bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iminā nayena ‘‘mahābhūtaṃ bhavittaṃ bhūnaṃ bhavana’’miccādīnaṃ <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayānaṃ niggahītantapadānaṃ aññesañca ‘‘vatta’’miccādīnaṃ niggahītantapadānaṃ nāmikapadamālā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vattaṃ rūpaṃ sotaṃ ghānaṃ, dukkhaṃ pupphaṃ jhānaṃ ñāṇaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dānaṃ sīlaṃ puññaṃ pāpaṃ, vajjaṃ saccaṃ yānaṃ chattaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sakaṭaṃ kanakaṃ tagaraṃ nagaraṃ, taraṇaṃ caraṇaṃ dharaṇaṃ maraṇaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nayanaṃ vadanaṃ karaṇaṃ lavanaṃ, vasanaṃ pavanaṃ bhavanaṃ gaganaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Amataṃ puḷinaṃ mālaṃ, āsanaṃ savanaṃ mukhaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Padumaṃ uppalaṃ vassaṃ, locanaṃ sādhanaṃ sukhaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tāṇaṃ <a name="M0.0305"></a> mūlaṃ dhanaṃ kūlaṃ, maṅgalaṃ naḷinaṃ phalaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Hiraññaṃ ambujaṃ dhaññaṃ, jālaṃ liṅgaṃ padaṃ jalaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Aṅgaṃ paṇṇaṃ susānaṃ saṃ, āvudhaṃ hadayaṃ vanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sopānaṃ cīvaraṃ pāṇaṃ, alātaṃ indriyaṃ kulaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Lohaṃ kaṇaṃ balaṃ pīṭhaṃ, aṇḍaṃ ārammaṇaṃ puraṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Araññaṃ tīramassattha-miccādīni samuddhare.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imāni <span class="bld">citta</span>saddena sabbathāpi sadisāni, imāni pana visadisāni. Seyyathidaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Cammaṃ vesma’’ntiādīni, ekadhāyeva bhijjare;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Kammaṃ thāmaṃ guṇava’’nti-ādīni tu anekadhā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ?</p>
<p class="bodytext">Camme, cammasmiṃ, cammamhi, cammani, vesme, vesmasmiṃ, vesmamhi, vesmani, ghamme, ghammasmiṃ, ghammamhi, ghammani. Evaṃ aññānipi yojetabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kammaṃ, kammāni, kammā. Kammaṃ, kammāni, kamme. Kammena, kammunā, kammanā, kammehi, kammebhi. Kammassa, kammuno, kammānaṃ. Kammasmā, kammamhā, kammunā, kammehi, kammebhi. Kammassa, kammuno, kammānaṃ. Kamme, kammasmiṃ, kammamhi, kammani, kammesu. Bho kamma, bhavanto kammāni, bhavanto kammā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Thāma</span>saddassa pana tatiyekavacanaṭṭhānādīsu ‘‘thāmena, thāmunā, thāmassa, thāmuno’’ti ca, ‘‘thāmā, thāmasmā, thāmamhā, thāmunā’’ti ca yojetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vantu mantu imantu</span>paccayavataṃ pana niggahītantasaddānaṃ ‘‘guṇavaṃ cittaṃ, rucimaṃ pupphaṃ, pāpimaṃ kulaṃ’’ iccādipayogavasena –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Guṇavaṃ<a name="M0.0306"></a>, guṇavantāni, guṇavantā, guṇavanti. Guṇavantaṃ, guṇavantāni, guṇavante guṇavanti. Guṇavatā, guṇavantena, guṇavantehi, guṇavantebhi. Guṇavato, guṇavantassa, guṇavataṃ, guṇavantānaṃ. Guṇavatā, guṇavantā, guṇavantasmā, guṇavantamhā, guṇavantehi, guṇavantebhi. Guṇavato, guṇavantassa, guṇavataṃ, guṇavantānaṃ. Guṇavati, guṇavante, guṇavantasmiṃ, guṇavantamhi, guṇavantesu. Bho guṇava, bhavanto guṇavantāni, guṇavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ ‘‘rucimaṃ, rucimantāni, rucima’’ntiiccādinā, ‘‘pāpimaṃ, pāpimantāni, pāpima’’nti iccādinā ca yojetabbaṃ. Apicettha ‘‘guṇavaṃ balavaṃ yasavaṃ satimaṃ gatimaṃ’’iccādinā payogā vitthāretabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Karonta</span>saddassa ‘‘karontaṃ cittaṃ, karontaṃ kula’’nti payogavasena –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Karontaṃ, karontāni, karontā, karonti. Karontaṃ, karontāni, karonte, karonti. Karotā, karontena, karontehi, karontebhi. Karoto, karato, karontassa, karontānaṃ, karotaṃ. Karotā, karontā, karontasmā, karontamhā, karontehi, karontebhi. Karoto, karato, karontassa, karontānaṃ, karotaṃ. Karoti, karonte, karontasmiṃ, karontamhi, karontesu. Bho karonta, bhavanto, karontāni, karontā, karontīti yojetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gacchantasaddassa tu ‘‘gacchantaṃ cittaṃ, gacchantaṃ kula’’nti payogavasena –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gacchantaṃ, gacchantāni, gacchantā. Gacchantaṃ, gacchantāni, gacchante. Gacchatā, gacchantena, gacchantehi, gacchantebhi. Gacchato, gacchantassa, gacchantānaṃ, gacchataṃ. Gacchatā, gacchantā, gacchantasmā, gacchantamhā, gacchantehi<a name="M0.0307"></a>, gacchantebhi. Gacchato, gacchantassa, gacchantānaṃ, gacchataṃ. Gacchati, gacchante, gacchantasmiṃ, gacchantamhi, gacchantesu. Bho gacchaṃ, bho gacchantā, bhavanto gacchantāni, gacchantāti yojetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ ‘‘carantaṃ dadantaṃ tiṭṭhantaṃ cintayanta’’ntiādīsupi nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mahanta</span>saddassa pana koci bhedo, tathā hi ‘‘bārāṇasirajjaṃ nāma mahā’’ti evaṃ ‘‘mahā’’iti napuṃsakapayogadassanato ‘‘mahantaṃ, mahā, mahantāni, mahantā. Mahantaṃ, mahantāni, mahante. Mahatā’’ti kamo veditabbo. Sabbānetāni <span class="bld">citta</span>saddena visadisāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Savinicchayoyaṃ niggahītantanapuṃsakaliṅgānaṃ pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo.</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">Avaṇṇu</span>kārantatāpakatikaṃ niggahītantaṃ</p>
<p class="centered">Napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni tassīlatthassa katarassassa <span class="bld">atthavibhāvi</span> iccetassa saddassa nāmikapadamālaṃ vakkhāma pubbācariyamataṃ purecaraṃ katvā –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aṭṭhi, aṭṭhī, aṭṭhīni. Aṭṭhiṃ, aṭṭhī, aṭṭhīni. Aṭṭhinā, aṭṭhīhi, aṭṭhībhi. Aṭṭhissa, aṭṭhino, aṭṭhīnaṃ. Aṭṭhinā, aṭṭhīhi, aṭṭhībhi. Aṭṭhissa, aṭṭhino, aṭṭhīnaṃ. Aṭṭhismiṃ, aṭṭhimhi, aṭṭhīsu. Bho aṭṭhi, bhavanto aṭṭhī, bhavanto aṭṭhīni. <span class="bld">Yamakamahāthera</span>mataṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiñcāpettha nissakkavacanaṭṭhāne ‘‘aṭṭhismā, aṭṭhimhā’’ti padāni anāgatāni, tathāpi tattha tattha taṃsadisappayogadassanā gahetabbāni. Yathā pana <span class="bld">aṭṭhi</span>saddassa, evaṃ ‘‘satthi dadhi vāri akkhi acchi’’iccādīnampi rūpāni bhavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atthavibhāvi<a name="M0.0308"></a>, atthavibhāvī, atthavibhāvīni. Atthavibhāviṃ, atthavibhāvī, atthavibhāvīni. Atthavibhāvinā, atthavibhāvīhi, atthavibhāvībhi. Atthavibhāvissa, atthavibhāvino, atthavibhāvīnaṃ. Atthavibhāvinā, atthavibhāvismā atthavibhāvimhā, atthavibhāvīhi, atthavibhāvībhi. Atthavibhāvissa, atthavibhāvino, atthavibhāvīnaṃ. Atthavibhāvismiṃ, atthavibhāvimhi, atthavibhāvīsu. Bho atthavibhāvi, bhavanto atthavibhāvī, bhavanto atthavibhāvīni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ ‘‘dhammavibhāvi, cittānuparivatti, sukhakāri’’iccādīnipi. Tattha <span class="bld">aṭṭhi satthi</span>ādīni padhānaliṅgāni anaññāpekkhakattā, <span class="bld">atthavibhāvi dhammavibhāvi</span>ādīni appadhānaliṅgāni aññāpekkhakattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Savinicchayoyaṃ <span class="bld">i</span>kārantanapuṃsakaliṅgānaṃ pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">I</span>vaṇṇantatāpakatikaṃ <span class="bld">i</span>kārantanapuṃsakaliṅgaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni katarassassa <span class="bld">gotrabhu</span> iccetassa saddassa nāmikapadamālaṃ vakkhāma pubbācariyamataṃ purecaraṃ katvā –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āyu, āyū, āyūni. Āyuṃ, āyū, āyūni. Āyunā, āyūhi, āyūbhi. Āyussa, āyuno, āyūnaṃ. Āyunā, āyūhi, āyūbhi. Āyussa, āyuno, āyūnaṃ. Āyusmiṃ, āyumhi, āyūsu. Bho āyu, bhavanto āyū, bhavanto āyūni. <span class="bld">Yamakamahāthera</span>mataṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiñcāpettha nissakkavacanaṭṭhāne ‘‘āyusmā, āyumhā’’ti padāni anāgatāni, tathāpi tattha tattha taṃsadisappayogadassanato gahetabbāni. Ettha ca <span class="bld">āyu</span>saddo puṃnapuṃsakaliṅgo daṭṭhabbo. Tathā hi pāḷiyaṃ aṭṭhakathāsu ca tassa dviliṅgatā <a name="M0.0309"></a> dissati. ‘‘Punarāyu ca me laddho, evaṃ jānāhi mārisa. Āyu cassā parikkhīṇo ahosī’’tiādīsu hi <span class="bld">āyu</span>saddo pulliṅgo, tabbasena ‘‘āyu, āyū, āyavo’’tiādinā <span class="bld">bhikkhu</span>nayena yathāsambhavaṃ nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā. ‘‘Aggaṃ āyu ca vaṇṇo ca. Kittakaṃ panassa āyū’’tiādīsu pana napuṃsakaliṅgo, tabbasena ‘‘āyu, āyū, āyūnī’’ti yojitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gotrabhu, gotrabhū, gotrabhūni. Gotrabhuṃ, gotrabhū, gotrabhūni. Gotrabhunā, gotrabhūhi, gotrabhūbhi. Gotrabhussa, gotrabhuno, gotrabhūnaṃ. Gotrabhunā, gotrabhusmā, gotrabhumhā, gotrabhūhi, gotrabhūbhi. Gotrabhussa, gotrabhuno, gotrabhūnaṃ. Gotrabhusmiṃ, gotrabhumhi, gotrabhūsu. Bho gotrabhu, bhavanto gotrabhū, bhavanto gotrabhūni. Bho gotrabhū, bho gotrabhūni, evaṃ bahuvacanaṃ vā. Ayamamhākaṃ mataṃ, evaṃ ‘‘cittasahabhu’’iccādīnaṃ <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayānaṃ <span class="bld">u</span>kārantasaddānaṃ aññesampi taṃsadisānaṃ nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā. Puggalavācako pana <span class="bld">ū</span>kāranto <span class="bld">gotrabhū</span>saddo pulliṅgapariyāpannattā <span class="bld">sabbaññū</span>naye paviṭṭho. Tatraññe saddā nāma ‘‘cakkhu vasu dhanu dāru tipu madhu siṅgu hiṅgu cittagu’’iccādayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Savinicchayoyaṃ <span class="bld">u</span>kārantanapuṃsakaliṅgānaṃ pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo.</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">Uvaṇṇo</span>kārantatāpakatikaṃ</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">U</span>kārantanapuṃsakaliṅgaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ niggahītanta <span class="bld">i</span>kāranta <span class="bld">u</span>kārantavasena tividhāni napuṃsakaliṅgāni niravasesato gahitāneva honti. Tesu kesañci <a name="M0.0310"></a> niggahītantānaṃ kvaci paccattekavacanassa bahuvacanassa <span class="bld">e</span>kārādesavasena bhedo dissati. Seyyathidaṃ? ‘‘Sukhe dukkhe. Ekūnapaññāsa ājīvakasate ekūnapaññāsa paribbājakasate’’iccevamādi. Nanu bho evaṃvidhānaṃ rūpānaṃ pāḷiyaṃ dassanato ‘‘ekārantampi napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ atthī’’ti vattabbanti? Na vattabbaṃ niggahītantogadharūpavisesattā tesaṃ rūpānaṃ. Ādesavasena hi siddhattā visuṃ <span class="bld">e</span>kārantaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ nāma natthi. Tasmā napuṃsakaliṅgānaṃ yathāvuttā tividhatāyeva gahetabbāti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Napuṃsakānamiccevaṃ, liṅgānaṃ nayasālinī;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Padamālā vibhattā me, sāsanatthaṃ mahesino.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yassesā paguṇā sadda-nītiresā subhāvitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sāsane kulaputtānaṃ, saraṇaṃ so parāyaṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti navaṅge sāṭṭhakathe piṭakattaye byappathagatīsu viññūnaṃ</p>
<p class="centered">Kosallatthāya kate saddanītippakaraṇe</p>
<p class="centered">Napuṃsakaliṅgānaṃ pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo</p>
<p class="centered">Navamo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="chapter">10. Liṅgattayamissakanāmikapadamālā</p>
<p class="gatha1">Adhikūnakato ceka-kkharato ca ito paraṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tīṇi liṅgāni missetvā, padamālamanākulaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nānāsukhumasaṅketa-gatesvatthesu viññunaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Gambhīrabuddhicāratthaṃ, pavakkhāmi yathābalaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Itthī thī ca pabhā bhā ca, girā rā pavanaṃ vanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Udakañca dakaṃ kañca, vitakko iti cādayo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bhū <a name="M0.0311"></a> bhūmi ceva araññaṃ, araññānīti cādayo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paññā paññāṇaṃ ñāṇañca, iccādī ca tidhā siyuṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ko vi sā ceva bhā rā ca, thī dhī ku bhū tatheva kaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Khaṃ go mo mā ca saṃ yaṃ taṃ, kimiccādī ca ekikāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ liṅgattayamissako nāmikapadamālāuddeso. Tatra itthī, itthī, itthiyo. Itthiṃ…pe… bhotiyo itthiyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Thī thī, thiyo. Thiṃ, thī, thiyo. Thiyā, thīhi, thībhi. Thiyā, thīnaṃ. Thiyā, thīhi, thībhi. Thiyā, thīnaṃ. Thiyā, thiyaṃ, thīsu. Bhoti thi, bhotiyo thī, bhotiyo thiyo. Ettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kukkuṭā maṇayo daṇḍā, thiyo ca puññalakkhaṇā;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Uppajjanti apāpassa, katapuññassa jantuno;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Thiyā guyhaṃ na saṃseyya; Thīnaṃ bhāvo durājāno’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādīni nidassanapadāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pabhā, pabhā, pabhāyo. Pabhaṃ…pe… bhotiyo pabhāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhā, bhā, bhāyo. Bhaṃ, bhā, bhāyo. Bhāya, bhāhi, bhābhi. Bhāya, bhānaṃ. Bhāya, bhāhi, bhābhi. Bhāya, bhānaṃ. Bhāya, bhāyaṃ, bhāsu. Bhoti bhe, bhotiyo bhā, bhotiyo bhāyo. Ettha ca ‘‘bhākaro bhānu’’iccādīni nidassanapadāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Girā<a name="M0.0312"></a>, girā, girāyo. Giraṃ…pe… bhotiyo girāyo. ‘‘Vācā girā byappatho. Ye vohaṃ kittayissāmi, girāhi anupubbaso’’ti imāni <span class="bld">girā</span>saddassa itthiliṅgabhāve nidassanapadāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Suvaṇṇavācako <span class="bld">rā</span>saddo pulliṅgo, idha pana saddavācako <span class="bld">rā</span>saddo itthiliṅgo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Rā, rā, rāyo. Raṃ, rā, rāyo. Rāya, rāhi, rābhi. Rāya, rānaṃ. Rāya, rāhi, rābhi. Rāya, rānaṃ. Rāya, rāyaṃ, rāsu. Bhoti re, bhotiyo rā, bhotiyo rāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Rā vuccati saddo. Aggaññasuttaṭīkāyañhi ‘‘rā saddo tiyati chijjati etthāti ratti, sattānaṃ saddassa vūpasamakālo’’ti vuttaṃ. Tasmā <span class="bld">rā</span>saddassa saddavācakatte ‘‘rattī’’ti padaṃ nidassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pavanaṃ, pavanāni, pavanā. Pavanaṃ, pavanāni, pavane.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vanaṃ, vanāni, vanā. Vanaṃ, vanāni, vane. Sesaṃ sabbaṃ neyyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pavana vana</span>saddā kadāci samānatthā kadāci bhinnatthā. Te hi araññavācakatte samānatthā ‘‘te dhamme paripūrento, pavanaṃ pāvisiṃ tadā. Saputto pāvisiṃ vana’’ntiādīsu. Yathākkamaṃ pana te vāyutaṇhāvanavācakatte bhinnatthā ‘‘paramaduggandhapavanavicarite. Chetvā vanañca vanathaṃ, nibbanā hotha bhikkhavo’’tiādīsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Udakaṃ, udakāni, udakā. Udakaṃ, udakāni, udake.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dakaṃ, dakāni, dakā. Dakaṃ, dakāni, dake. Sesaṃ sabbaṃ neyyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ambapakkaṃ <a name="M0.0313"></a> dakaṃ sītaṃ. Thalajā dakajā pupphā’’tiādīnettha nidassanapadāni. ‘‘Nīlodaṃ vanamajjhato. Mahodadhi. Udabindunipātena, udakumbhopi pūratī’’ti pāḷippadesesu pana samāsantagatanāmattā <span class="bld">uda</span>saddeneva udakattho vutto ‘‘rittassāda’’nti vattabbaṭṭhāne ‘‘rittassa’’nti saddena rittassādattho viya. Pāḷiyañhi kevalo <span class="bld">uda</span>saddo na diṭṭhapubbo. Atthi ce, suṭṭhu manasi kātabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kaṃ, kāni, kā. Kaṃ, kāni, ke. Kena, kehi, kebhi. Kassa, kānaṃ. Kā, kasmā, kamhā, kehi, kebhi. Kassa, kānaṃ. Ke, kasmiṃ, kamhi, kesu. Bho ka, bhavanto kā, bhavanto kāni. <span class="bld">Bho</span>saddena vā bahuvacanaṃ yojetabbaṃ ‘‘bho kāni, bho kā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha <span class="bld">kaṃ</span> vuccati udakaṃ sīsaṃ sukhañca. Atra ‘‘kantāro kandaro kevaṭṭā kesā karuṇā nāko’’tiādīni payogāni veditabbāni. Tatra <span class="bld">kantāro</span>ti kaṃ vuccati udakaṃ, tena taritabbo atikkamitabboti kantāro, nirudakappadeso. Corakantārantiādīsu pana rūḷhiyā duggamanaṭṭhānepi kantārasaddo pavattatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Kandaro</span>ti etthāpi kaṃ vuccati udakaṃ, tena dārito bhinnoti kandaro. <span class="bld">Kevaṭṭā</span>tiādīsu pana ke udake vattanato gahaṇatthaṃ pavattanato kevaṭṭā. Ke sīse senti uppajjantīti <span class="bld">kesā</span>. Kaṃ sukhaṃ rundhatīti <span class="bld">karuṇā. Nāko</span>ti saggo. <span class="bld">Ka</span>nti hi sukhaṃ, na kaṃ akaṃ, dukkhaṃ, taṃ natthi etthāti nākoti attho gahetabbo<a name="M0.0314"></a>. Yathettha <span class="bld">itthī</span>saddādīnaṃ nāmikapadamālā yojitā, evaṃ ‘‘vitakko vicāro ābhā padīpo’’tiādīnampi yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhū, bhū, bhuyo. Bhuṃ, bhū, bhuyo. Bhuyā, bhūhi, bhūbhi. Bhuyā, bhūnaṃ. Bhuyā, bhūhi, bhūbhi. Bhuyā, bhūnaṃ. Bhuyā, bhuyaṃ, bhūsu. Bhoti bhu, bhotiyo bhū, bhotiyo bhuyo. Ettha ca ‘‘bhūruho bhūpālo bhūbhujo bhūtala’’nti nidassanapadāni.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bhūmi, bhūmī, bhūmiyo; Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Araññaṃ, araññāni, araññā; Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Araññānī</span> vuccati mahāaraññaṃ, ‘‘gahapatānī’’ti padamiva inīpaccayavasena sādhetabbaṃ padaṃ itthiliṅgañca. ‘‘Araññānī’’ti hi aṭṭhakathāpāṭhopi dissati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Araññānī, araññānī, araññāniyo. Araññāniṃ, araññānī, araññāniyo. Araññāniyā, araññānīhi, araññānībhi. Araññāniyā, araññānīnaṃ. Araññāniyā, araññānīhi, araññānībhi. Araññāniyā, araññānīnaṃ. Araññāniyā, araññāniyaṃ, araññānīsu. Bhoti araññāni, bhotiyo araññānī, bhotiyo araññāniyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathettha uttarādhikavasena yojitā, evaṃ ‘‘sabhā, sabhāya’’ntiādīsupi yojetabbā. <span class="bld">Sabhāya</span>nti sabhā eva<a name="M0.0315"></a>, liṅgabyattayavasena pana evaṃ vuttaṃ. ‘‘Sabhāye vā dvāramūle vā vatthabba’’nti pāḷi ettha nidassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paññā, paññā, paññāyo. Paññaṃ, paññā, paññāyo. Paññāya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paññāṇaṃ, paññāṇāni, paññāṇā. Paññāṇaṃ, paññāṇāni, paññāṇe. Paññāṇena.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Tathā hi bhante bhagavato sīlapaññāṇaṃ. Sādhu paññāṇavā naro’’tiādīnettha nidassanapadāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ñāṇaṃ, ñāṇāni, ñāṇā. Ñāṇaṃ, ñāṇāni, ñāṇe. Ñāṇena. Sesaṃ sabbaṃ neyyaṃ. ‘‘Aggi aggini gini’’iccādīsupi uttarādhikavasena nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ko vī sā</span>dīsupi ekakkharesu <span class="bld">ko</span> vuccati brahmā vāto ca sarīrañca, tassa tabbācakatte ime payogā. Seyyathidaṃ?</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Jinena yena ānītaṃ, lokassa amitaṃ hitaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tassa pādambujaṃ vande, kamoḷialisevitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kakudharukkho. Karajakāyo’’ iccevamādayo. Tattha <span class="bld">kamoḷialisevita</span>nti vandantānaṃ anekasatānaṃ brahmānaṃ moḷibhamarasevitanti kavayo icchanti. <span class="bld">Kakudharukkho</span>ti ettha pana <span class="bld">ko</span> vuccati vāto, tassa yo kujjhati, vātarogāpanayanavasena taṃ nivāreti, tasmā so rukkho kakudhoti vuccatībhi ācariyā. <span class="bld">Karajakāyo</span>ti ettha tu <span class="bld">ko</span> vuccati sarīraṃ, tattha pavatto rajo karajo. Kiṃ taṃ<a name="M0.0316"></a>? Sukkasoṇitaṃ. Tañhi ‘‘rāgo rajo, na ca pana reṇu vuccatī’’ti evaṃ vuttarāgarajaphalattā sarīravācakena <span class="bld">ka</span>saddena visesetvā phalavohārena ‘‘karajo’’ti vuccati. Tena sukkasoṇitasaṅkhātena karajena sambhūto kāyo karajakāyoti ācariyā. Tathā hi ‘‘kāyo mātāpettikasambhavo’’ti vutto, <span class="bld">mahāassapūrasuttaṭīkāyaṃ</span> pana ‘‘kariyati gabbhāsaye khipiyatīti karo, sambhavo. Karato jātoti karajo, mātāpettikasambhavoti attho. Mātuādīnaṃ saṇṭhāpanavasena karato jātoti apare, ubhayathāpi karajakāyanti catusantatirūpamāhā’’ti vuttaṃ. Ayaṃ panattho idha nādhippeto, purimoyevattho adhippeto <span class="bld">ka</span>saddādhikārattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ko, kā. Kaṃ, ke. Kena, kehi, kebhi. Kassa, kānaṃ. Kā, kasmā, kamhā, kehi, kebhi. Kassa, kānaṃ. Ke, kasmiṃ, kamhi, kesu. Bho ka, bhavanto kā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra <span class="bld">vi</span> vuccati pakkhī. Tathā hi pakkhīnaṃ issaro supaṇṇarājā vindoti kathiyati. Etamatthañhi sandhāya pubbācariyenapi ayaṃ gāthā bhāsitā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Saddhānate muddhani saṇṭhapemi, muninda nindāpagataṃ tavaggaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Devindanāgindanarindavinda-na taṃ vibhinnaṃ caraṇāravinda’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha vīnaṃ indoti <span class="bld">vindo,</span> pakkhijātiyā jātānaṃ supaṇṇānaṃ rājāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Viṃ, vī, vayo. Viṃ, vī, vayo. Vinā, vīhi, vībhi. Vissa, vino, vīnaṃ. Vinā, vismā, vimhā, vīhi, vībhi. Vissa, vino, vīnaṃ. Vismiṃ, vimhi, vīsu. Bho vi, bhavanto vayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sā</span> <a name="M0.0317"></a> vuccati sunakho, ‘‘mātā me atthi, sā mayā posetabbā’’tiādīsu pana <span class="bld">sā</span>saddo sabbanāmikapariyāpanno parammukhavacano <span class="bld">ta</span>saddena sambhūto daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Sā</span>saddassa <span class="bld">bhā rā thī bhū ka</span>saddānañca nāmikapadamālā heṭṭhā pakāsitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhī</span> vuccati paññā. Ettha ca ‘‘amacce tāta jānāhi, dhīre atthassa kovide’’ti. ‘‘Dhīmā, dhīmati, sudhī, sudhinī, dhīyutta’’nti ca ādīni nidassanapadāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dhī, dhī, dhiyo. Dhiṃ, dhī, dhiyo. Dhiyā, dhīhi, dhībhi. Dhiyā, dhīnaṃ. Dhiyā, dhīhi, dhībhi. Dhiyā, dhīnaṃ. Dhiyā, dhiyaṃ, dhīsu. Bhoti dhi, bhotiyo dhī, bhotiyo dhiyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ku</span> vuccati pathavī. Ettha ca ‘‘kudālo. Kumudaṃ. Kuñjaro’’ti imāni nidassanapadāni. Tatra kuṃ pathaviṃ dālayati padāleti bhindati etenāti <span class="bld">kudālo</span>. Kuyaṃ pathaviyaṃ modatīti <span class="bld">kumudaṃ</span>. Kuṃ jaratīti <span class="bld">kuñjaro</span>. Tathā hi <span class="bld">vimānavatthuaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘kuṃ pathaviṃ tadabhighātena jarayatīti kuñjaro’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ku, kū, kuyo. Kuṃ, kū, kuyo. Kuyā, kūhi, kūbhi. Kuyā, kūnaṃ. Kuyā, kūhi, kūbhi. Kuyā, kūnaṃ. Kuyā, kuyaṃ, kūsu. Bhoti ku, bhotiyo kū, bhotiyo kuyo.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Kha’</span>mindriyaṃ pakathitaṃ, <span class="bld">kha’</span>mākāsamudīritaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saggaṭṭhānampi <span class="bld">khaṃ</span> vuttaṃ, suññattampi ca <span class="bld">khaṃ</span> mataṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrindriyaṃ <a name="M0.0318"></a> cakkhuviññāṇādīnaṃ gatinivāsabhāvato ‘‘kha’’nti vuccati, ākāsaṃ vivittaṭṭhena. Saggo katasucaritehi ekantena gantabbatāya ‘‘kha’’nti saṅkhaṃ gacchati. ‘‘Khago yathā hi rukkhagge, nilīyantova sākhino. Sākhaṃ ghaṭṭetī’’ti ca, ‘‘khe nimmito acari aṭṭhasataṃ sayambhū’’ti ca ādi ettha nidassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Khaṃ, khāni, khā. Khaṃ, khāni, khe. Khena, khehi, khebhi. Khassa, khānaṃ. Khā, khasmā, khamhā, khehi, khebhi. Khassa, khānaṃ. Khe, khasmiṃ, khamhi, khesu. Bho kha, bhavanto khāni, bhavanto khā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Go</span>saddassa atthuddhāro vuccate –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Go goṇe cindriye bhūmyaṃ, vacane ceva buddhiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Ādicce rasmiyañceva, pānīyepi ca vattate;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tesu atthesu goṇe thi-pumā ca itare pumā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā hi ‘‘gosu duyhamānāsu gato. Gopañcamo’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">go</span>saddo goṇe vattati. Gocaroti etthindriyepi vattati gāvo cakkhādīnindriyāni caranti etthāti gocaro. Tathā hi porāṇā kathayiṃsu ‘‘gāvo caranti etthāti gocaro, gocaro viya gocaro, abhiṇhaṃ caritabbaṭṭhānaṃ. Gāvovācakkhādīnindriyāni, tehi caritabbaṭṭhānaṃ gocaro’’ti. ‘‘Gomatiṃ gotamaṃ name’’ti porāṇakaviracanāyaṃ pana pathaviyaṃ vattati. ‘‘Bhūripaññaṃ gotamaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃvandāmī’’ti hi attho. Tathā <span class="bld">suttanipātaṭṭhakathāya</span>vāseṭṭhasuttasaṃvaṇṇanappadese <span class="bld">‘‘gorakkha</span>nti khettarakkhaṃ, kasirakkhanti vuttaṃ hoti. Pathavī hi ‘‘go’’ti vuccati, tappabhedo ca khetta’’nti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Gottavasena <a name="M0.0319"></a> gotamo’’ti ettha tu vacane buddhiyañca vattati. Tenāhu porāṇā ‘‘gaṃ tāyatīti gottaṃ. Gotamoti hi pavattamānaṃ gaṃ vacanaṃ buddhiñca tāyati ekaṃsikavisayatāya rakkhatīti gottaṃ. Yathā hi buddhi ārammaṇabhūtena atthena vinā na vattati, evaṃ abhidhānaṃ abhidheyyabhūtena, tasmā so gottasaṅkhāto attho tāni tāyati rakkhatīti vuccati. Ko pana soti? Aññakulaparamparāsādhāraṇaṃ tassa kulassa ādipurisasamudāgataṃ taṃkulapariyāpannasādhāraṇaṃ sāmaññarūpanti daṭṭhabba’’nti. Tathā hi taṃgottajātā suddhodanamahārājādayopi gotamotveva vuccanti. Bhena bhagavā attano pitaraṃ suddhodanamahārājānaṃ ‘‘atikkantavarā kho gotama tathāgatā’’ti avoca. Vessavaṇopi mahārājā bhagavantaṃ ‘‘vijjācaraṇasampannaṃ, buddhaṃ vandāma gotama’’nti avoca, āyasmāpi vaṅgīso āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ ‘‘sādhu nibbāpanaṃ brūhi, anukampāya gotamā’’ti avoca. Evaṃ idaṃ sāmaññarūpaṃ gaṃ tāyatīti gottanti vuttaṃ. Taṃ pana gotamagottakassapagottādivasena bahuvidhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā <span class="bld">go</span>saddo ādicce vattati. ‘‘Gogottaṃ gotamaṃ name’’ti porāṇakaviracanā ettha nidassanaṃ, ādiccabandhuṃ gotamaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ vandāmīti attho. Ādiccopi hi gotamagotte jāto bhagavāpi, evaṃ tena samānagottatāya tattha tattha ‘‘ādiccabandhū’’tiādinā bhagavato thomanā dissati ‘‘pucchāmi taṃ ādiccabandhu, vivekaṃ santipadañca mahesī’’ti ca, ‘‘vande jetavanaṃ niccaṃ, vihāraṃ ravibandhuno’’ti ca, ‘‘lokekabandhu’maravindasahāyabandhu’’nti ca. ‘‘Uṇhagū’’ti ettha pana <span class="bld">go</span>saddo rasmiyaṃ <a name="M0.0320"></a> vattati. Uṇhā gāvo rasmiyo etassāti uṇhagū, sūriyo. Pubbācariyāpi hi <span class="bld">chandovicitisatthe</span> imamevatthaṃ byākariṃsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Gosītacandana’’nti ettha pānīye vattati. <span class="bld">Go</span>saddena hi jalaṃ vuccati. <span class="bld">Go</span> viya sītaṃ candanaṃ, tasmiṃ pana uddhanato uddharitapakkuthitatelamhi pakkhitte taṅkhaṇaññeva taṃ telaṃ susītalaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettheke vadanti ‘‘kasmā bho <span class="bld">‘go</span>padatthe vattamāno <span class="bld">go</span>saddo itthiliṅgo ceva pulliṅgo cā’ti vadatha, kasmā ca pana ‘indriyapathavīvacanabuddhisūriyarasmipānīyesu vattamāno pulliṅgo’ti vadatha, etesu sūriyatthe vattamāno pulliṅgo hotu, nanu indriyavacanapānīyesu vattamānena pana <span class="bld">go</span>saddena napuṃsakaliṅgena bhavitabbaṃ, pathavībuddhirasmīsu vattamānena itthiliṅgena bhavitabbaṃ indriyādipathavādipadatthesu vattamānānaṃ <span class="bld">indriya</span>saddādi<span class="bld">pathavī</span>saddādīnaṃ napuṃsakitthiliṅgavasena niddesassa dassanato’’ti? Tanna, niyamābhāvato. Itthipadatthe vattamānassāpi hi sato kassaci saddassa pulliṅgavasena niddeso dissati yathā ‘‘orodho’’ti. Purisapadatthe vattamānassāpi ca sato kassaci itthiliṅgavasena niddeso dissati, yathā ‘‘atthakāmosi me yakkha, hitakāmāsi devate’’ti. Itthipurisapadatthesu pana avattamānānampi sataṃ kesañci saddānaṃ ekasmiṃyeva ñāṇādiatthe vattamānānaṃ itthipumanapuṃsakaliṅgavasena niddeso dissati yathā ‘‘paññā amoho ñāṇa’’nti, ‘‘taṭaṃtaṭītaṭo’’ti ca. Tathā hi anitthibhūtopi samāno ‘‘mātulā’’ti itthiliṅgavasena rukkhopi <a name="M0.0321"></a> nāmaṃ labhati, tabbasena nagarampi. Tenāha <span class="bld">cakkavattisuttaṭīkāyaṃ ‘‘mātulā</span>ti itthiliṅgavasena laddhanāmo eko rukkho, tāya āsannappadese māpitattā nagarampi ‘mātulā’tveva paññāyittha. Tena vuttaṃ mātulāyanti evaṃnāmake nagare’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Go</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā heṭṭhā pakāsitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mo</span> vuccati cando, <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> pana ‘‘mā vuccati cando’’ti ākārantapāṭho dissati, <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapāṭhena tena bhavitabbaṃ sakkaṭabhāsāya <span class="bld">ekakkharakosato</span> nayaṃ gahetvā ‘‘mo sivo candimā cevā’’ti <span class="bld">o</span>kārantavasena vattabbattā. Ettha ca <span class="bld">o</span>kārantavasena vuttassa <span class="bld">ma</span>saddassa candavācakatte ‘‘puṇṇamī, puṇṇamā’’ti ca nidassanapadāni. Tattha puṇṇo mo etthāti puṇṇamī, evaṃ puṇṇamā, rattāpekkhaṃ itthiliṅgavacanaṃ. Ettha pana ‘‘visākhapuṇṇamāya rattiyā paṭhamayāmepubbenivāsaṃ anussarī’’ti idaṃ nidassanaṃ. Ettha siyā – yadi ‘‘puṇṇamā’’ti ayaṃsaddo rattāpekkho itthiliṅgo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Puṇṇamāye yathā cando, parisuddho virocati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tatheva tvaṃ puṇṇamano, viroca dasasahassiyaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Anvaddhamāse pannarase, puṇṇamāye uposathe;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paccayaṃ nāgamāruyha, dānaṃ dātumupāgami’’nti</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādīsu kathaṃ ‘‘puṇṇamāye’’ti padasiddhīti? <span class="bld">Ya</span>kārassa <span class="bld">ye</span>kārādesavasena. Dhammissarena hi bhagavatā ‘‘puṇṇamāyā’’ti vattabbe ‘‘puṇṇamāye’’ti vadatā <span class="bld">ya</span>kārassa ṭhāne <span class="bld">ye</span>kāro paṭhito itthiliṅgavisaye <span class="bld">ttā</span>kārassa ṭhāne <span class="bld">tte</span>kāro <a name="M0.0322"></a> viya, <span class="bld">nī</span>kārassa ṭhāne <span class="bld">ne</span>kāro viya ca. Tathā hi yathā ‘‘abyayataṃ vilapasi viratte kosiyāyane’’ti imasmiṃ <span class="bld">rādhajātake</span> ‘‘virattā’’ti vattabbe ‘‘viratte’’ti vadantena <span class="bld">ttā</span>kārassa ṭhāne <span class="bld">tte</span>kāro paṭhito, ‘‘kosiyāyanī’’ti ca vattabbe ‘‘kosiyāyane’’ti vadantena <span class="bld">nī</span>kārassa ṭhāne <span class="bld">ne</span>kāro paṭhito. Evaṃ ‘‘puṇṇamāyā’’ti vattabbe ‘‘puṇṇamāye’’ti vadatā <span class="bld">ya</span>kārassa ṭhāne <span class="bld">ye</span>kāro paṭhito. Yathā ca ‘‘dakkhitāye aparājitasaṅgha’’nti imasmiṃ <span class="bld">mahāsamayasutta</span>ppadese ‘‘dakkhitāyā’’ti vattabbe ‘‘dakkhitāye’’ti vadatā <span class="bld">ya</span>kārassa ṭhāne <span class="bld">ye</span>kāro paṭhito, evamidhāpi. Yathā pana ‘‘sabhāye vā dvāramūle vā’’ti ettha ‘‘sabhāya’’nti liṅgabyattayavasena sabhā vuttā, na tathā idha ‘‘puṇṇamāya’’nti liṅgabyattayena <span class="bld">puṇṇamā</span> vuttā, atha kho ‘‘puṇṇamā’’ti <span class="bld">ā</span>kārantitthiliṅgavasena vuttā. Tathā hi ‘‘puṇṇamāyo’’ti padaṃ <span class="bld">ya</span>kāraṭṭhāne <span class="bld">ye</span>kāruccāraṇavasena sambhūtaṃ bhummavacananti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mā</span> vuccati sirī. Tathā hi <span class="bld">vidvamukhamaṇḍanaṭīkāyaṃ</span> ‘‘mālinī’’ti padassatthaṃ vadatā ‘‘mā vuccati lakkhī, alinī bhamarī’’ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Lakkhī</span>saddo ca <span class="bld">sirī</span>saddena samānattho, tena ‘‘mā vuccati sirī’’ti attho amhehi anumato, tathā porāṇehipi ‘‘maṃ siriṃ dhāreti vidadhāti cāti mandhātā’’ti attho pakāsito, tasmā ‘‘mālinī mandhātā’’ti ca imānettha nidassanapadāni. Tatra pulliṅgassa tāva <span class="bld">ma</span>saddassa ayaṃ nāmikapadamālā –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mo, mā. Maṃ, me. Mena, mehi, mebhi. Massa, mānaṃ. Mā, masmā, mamhā, mehi, mebhi. Massa, mānaṃ. Me, masmiṃ, mamhi, mesu. Bho ma, bhavanto mā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ <a name="M0.0323"></a> pana itthiliṅgassa <span class="bld">mā</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mā, mā, māyo. Maṃ, mā, māyo. Māya, māhi, mābhi. Māya, mānaṃ. Māya, māhi, mābhi. Māya, mānaṃ. Māya, māyaṃ, māsu. Bhoti me, bhotiyo māyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana sirīvācako <span class="bld">mā</span>saddo ca saddavācako <span class="bld">rā</span>saddo cāti ime samānagatikā ekakkharattā nicca<span class="bld">mā</span>kārantapakatikattā itthiliṅgattā ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra <span class="bld">saṃ</span> vuccati santacitto puriso. Yaṃ loke ‘‘sappuriso’’ti ca, ‘‘ariyo’’ti ca, ‘‘paṇḍito’’ti ca vadanti, tassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ yadidaṃ ‘‘sa’’nti. Evaṃ sappurisāriyapaṇḍitavācakassa <span class="bld">saṃ</span>saddassa paccattavacanavasena atthibhāve ‘‘sameti asatā asa’’nti idaṃ payoganidassanaṃ. Ettha hi ‘‘na saṃ asa’’nti samāsacintāya sappurisāsappurisapadatthā <span class="bld">saṃ asaṃ</span>saddehi vuttāti ñāyanti, tasmā ‘‘sappurisapadattho paccattavacanena <span class="bld">saṃ</span>saddena vutto natthī’’ti vacanaṃ na vattabbaṃ. Ye ‘‘natthī’’ti vadanti, tesaṃ vacanaṃ na gahetabbaṃ. Nāmikapadamālā panassa ‘‘saṃ, santaṃ, sante’’tiādinā heṭṭhā pakāsitā. Napuṃsakaliṅgatte <span class="bld">saṃ</span> vuccati dhanaṃ, ‘‘manussassaṃ. Parassaṃ. Sabbassaṃ. Sabbassaharaṇaṃ. Parassaharaṇa’’ntiādīnettha nidassanapadāni. Tattha manussassa saṃ manussassaṃ. Evaṃ parassa saṃ parassaṃ. Sabbassa saṃ sabbassaṃ. Tassa haraṇaṃ parassaharaṇaṃ sabbassaharaṇanti samāso. Tathā <span class="bld">saṃ</span> vuccati sukhaṃ santi ca. Vuttañhi tabbācakattaṃ porāṇakaviracanāyaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Devadevo <a name="M0.0324"></a> saṃdehī no, hīno devātidehato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Hatopapātasaṃsāro, sāro saṃ detu dehina’’nti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Tasmā ayamettha gāthā, ‘‘sakalalokasaṅkaro dīpaṅkaro’’ti ettha ‘‘saṅkaro’’ti padañcanidassanaṃ. ‘‘Saṃ, sāni, sā. Saṃ, sāni, se. Sena’’iccādi pubbe pakāsitanayena ñeyyaṃ. Ettha ca sotūnaṃ sugatamatavare kosallajananatthaṃ samāsantagatassa <span class="bld">saṃ</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ katvā kathayāma –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Manussassaṃ, manussassāni, manussassā. Manussassaṃ, manussassāni, manussasse. Manussassena, manussassehi, manussassebhi. Manussassassa, manussassānaṃ. Manussassā, manussassasmā, manussassamhā, manussassehi, manussassebhi. Manussassassa, manussassānaṃ. Manussasse, manussassasmiṃ, manussassamhi, manussassesu. Bho manussassa, bhonto manussassāni, manussassā. Esa nayo ‘‘parassaṃ sabbassa’’ntiādīsupi, sabbānetāni padāni abhidheyyaliṅgānīti gahetabbāni.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Yaṃ taṃ ki</span>mitisaddānaṃ, nāmamālaṃ panattari;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sabbanāmaparicchede, pakāsissaṃ tiliṅgato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iccevaṃ heṭṭhā uddiṭṭhānaṃ <span class="bld">ko vi sā</span>dīnaṃ nāmikapadamālā saddhiṃ atthantaranidassanapadehi vibhattā. Tatridaṃ liṅgavavatthānaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Ko vi sā</span> honti pulliṅge, <span class="bld">bhā rā thī dhī ku bhū</span> thiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Kaṃ khaṃ</span> napuṃsake <span class="bld">go</span> tu, pume cevitthiliṅgake.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Mo</span> pume itthiliṅge <span class="bld">mā, saṃ</span> pume ca napuṃsake;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Yaṃ taṃ ki</span>miti sabbatra, liṅgesveva pavattare.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ito aññānipi ekakkharāni upaparikkhitvā gahetabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M0.0325"></a> viññūnaṃ nayaññūnaṃ saddaracanāvisaye paramavisuddhavipulabuddhipaṭilābhatthaṃ paramasaṇhasukhumatthesu payogesu asammohatthaṃ suvaṇṇatale sīhavijambhanena kesarīsīhassa vijambhanamiva tepiṭake buddhavacane ñāṇavijambhanena vijambhanatthañca adhikūnekakkharavasena liṅgattayaṃ missetvā nāmikapadamālā vibhattā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sadde bhavanti kusalā na tu keci atthe,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atthe bhavanti kusalā na tu keci sadde.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kosallameva paramaṃ dubhayattha tasmā,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yogaṃ kareyya satataṃ matimā varanti.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti navaṅge sāṭṭhakathe piṭakattaye byappathagatīsu</p>
<p class="centered">Viññūnaṃ kosallatthāya kate saddanītippakaraṇe</p>
<p class="centered">Liṅgattayamissako nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo</p>
<p class="centered">Dasamo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="chapter">11. Vāccābhidheyyaliṅgādiparidīpananāmikapadamālā</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vāccābhidheyyaliṅgādi-vasenapi ito paraṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhāsissaṃ padamālāyo, bhāsitassānurūpato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">vāccaliṅgānī</span>ti appadhānaliṅgāni, guṇanāmasaṅkhātāni vā liṅgāni. <span class="bld">Abhidheyyaliṅgānī</span>ti padhānaliṅgāni, guṇīpadasaṅkhātāni vā liṅgāni. Yasmā pana tesu vāccaliṅgāni nāma abhidheyyaliṅgānuvattakāni bhavanti, tasmā sabbāni <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayāni ca vāccaliṅgāni abhidheyyaliṅgānurūpato yojetabbāni. Tesaṃ <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayāni vāccaliṅgāni sarūpato nāmikapadamālāya ayojitānipi tattha tattha nayato yojitāni<a name="M0.0326"></a>, tasmā na dāni dassessāma. A<span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayānipi kiñcāpi nayato yojitāni, tathāpi sotārānaṃ payogesu kosallajananatthaṃ kathayāma, nāmikapadamālañca nesaṃ dassessāma kiñci payogaṃ vadantā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dīgho rasso nīlo pīto,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sukko kaṇho seṭṭho pāpo;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Saddho suddho ucco nīco,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Katotīto iccādīni.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dīghā jāgarato ratti, dīghaṃ santassa yojanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dīgho bālāna saṃsāro, saddhammaṃ avijānataṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dīgho, dīghā. Dīghaṃ, dīghe. Dīghena, dīghehi, dīghebhi. Dīghassa, dīghānaṃ. Dīghā, dīghasmā, dīghamhā, dīghehi, dīghebhi. Dīghassa, dīghānaṃ. Dīghe, dīghasmiṃ, dīghamhi, dīghesu. Bho dīgha, bhavanto dīghā. ‘‘Dīghāti maṃ pakkoseyyāthā’’ti idamettha nidassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dīghā, dīghā, dīghāyo. Dīghaṃ, dīghā, dīghāyo. Dīghāya. Sesaṃ <span class="bld">kaññā</span>nayena ñeyyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dīghaṃ, dīghāni, dīghā. Dīghaṃ, dīghāni, dīghe. Dīghena. Sesaṃ <span class="bld">citta</span>nayena ñeyyaṃ. <span class="bld">Rassā</span>dīni ca evameva vitthāretabbāni. Ayaṃ vāccaliṅgānaṃ nāmikapadamālā, ‘‘guṇanāmānaṃ nāmikapadamālā’’ti vattuṃ vaṭṭati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Abhidheyyakaliṅgesu, savisesāni yāni hi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tesaṃ dāni yathāpāḷiṃ, padamālaṃ kathessahaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Katamāni tāni padāni, yāni savisesāni?</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Bhavābhavā</span>dikaṃ <span class="bld">laṅkā-dīpo</span> iccādikāni ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Bodhi sandhī</span>ti cādīni, savisesāni honti tu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etesu <a name="M0.0327"></a> hi –</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Bhavābhava</span>padaṃ deka-vaco bahuvaco kvaci;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samāse asamāsepi, sambhavo tassa icchito.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Viggahañca padatthañca, vatvā padassimassa me;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vuccamānamavikkhittā, padamālaṃ nibodhatha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhavo ca abhavo ca <span class="bld">bhavābhavaṃ</span>. Atha vā bhavo ca abhavo ca bhavābhavāni, ayaṃ viggaho. Tatra <span class="bld">bhavo</span>ti khuddako bhavo. <span class="bld">Abhavo</span>ti mahanto bhavo. Vuddhatthavācako hettha <span class="bld">a</span>kāro. Ettha ca sugatiduggativasena hīnapaṇītavasena ca khuddakamahantatā veditabbā. Atha vā <span class="bld">bhavo</span>ti vuddhi. <span class="bld">Abhavo</span>ti avuddhi. Ayaṃ padattho. Ayaṃ pana nāmikapadamālā –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhavābhavaṃ, bhavābhavaṃ, bhavābhavena, bhavābhavassa, bhavābhavā, bhavābhavasmā, bhavābhavamhā, bhavābhavassa, bhavābhave, bhavābhavasmiṃ, bhavābhavamhi, bho bhavābhava. Iti <span class="bld">bhavābhava</span>padaṃ ekavacanakaṃ bhavati. Dissati ca tassekavacanatā pāḷiyaṃ aṭṭhakathāyañca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Atītakappe caritaṃ, ṭhapayitvā bhavābhave;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Imasmiṃ kappe caritaṃ, pavakkhissaṃ suṇohi me’’</p>
<p class="unindented">Iti vā,</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Evaṃ bahuvidhaṃ dukkhaṃ, sampattiñca bahūvidhaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhavābhave anubhavitvā, patto sambodhimuttamaṃ’’</p>
<p class="unindented">Iti vā evaṃ pāḷiyaṃ <span class="bld">bhavābhava</span> padassa ekavacanatā diṭṭhā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aṭṭhakathāyampi <a name="M0.0328"></a> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Asambudhaṃ buddhanisevitaṃ yaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Bhavābhavaṃ gacchati jīvaloko;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Namo avijjādikilesajāla-</p>
<p class="gathalast">Viddhaṃsino dhammavarassa tassā’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ tassekavacanatā diṭṭhā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhavābhavāni, bhavābhavā, bhavābhavāni, bhavābhave, bhavābhavehi, bhavābhavebhi, bhavābhavānaṃ, bhavābhavehi, bhavābhavebhi, bhavābhavānaṃ, bhavābhavesu, bhavanto bhavābhavāni. Iti <span class="bld">bhavābhava</span>padaṃ bahuvacanakampi bhavati. Dissati ca tassa bahuvacanakatā pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘dhonassa hi natthi kuhiñci loke. Pakappikā diṭṭhi bhavābhavesū’’ti. Ubhayampi nayaṃ vomissetvā nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Bhavābhavaṃ, bhavābhavāni. Bhavābhavaṃ, bhavābhavāni. Bhavābhavena, bhavābhavehi, bhavābhavebhi’’iccevamādinā <span class="bld">citta</span>nayena yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Napuṃsakekavacana-bahuvacanakā imā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Padamālā samāsatte, katāti paridīpaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Samāsakapadañceva, asamāsakameva ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Bhavābhava</span>padaṃ dvedhā, iti vidvā vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Napuṃsakaṃ samāsatte, pulliṅgamitarattane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Napuṃsakaṃ tu pāyena, ekavacanakaṃ vade.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhavo ca abhavo cā’’ti, samāsatthaṃ vade budho;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Bhavato bhava’’miccatthaṃ, asamāsassa bhāsaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pulliṅgattamhi so ñeyyo, nissakkaupayogato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ visesato jaññā, <span class="bld">bhavābhava</span>padaṃ vidū.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā <a name="M0.0329"></a> cettha <span class="bld">bhavābhava</span>padassa nāmikapadamālā yojitā, evaṃ ‘‘kammākammaṃ phalāphala’’ntiādīnampi nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā. Atthopi nesaṃ yathārahaṃ vattabbo. Yebhuyyenetāni ekavacanakāni bhavanti. Evaṃ tāva <span class="bld">bhavābhava</span>padādīnaṃ visesavantatā daṭṭhabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Laṅkādīpo, laṅkādīpaṃ, laṅkādīpena, laṅkādīpassa, laṅkādīpā, laṅkādīpasmā, laṅkādīpamhā, laṅkādīpassa, laṅkādīpe, laṅkādīpasmiṃ, laṅkādīpamhi, bho laṅkādīpa. Ayaṃ samāsatte nāmikapadamālā. Asamāsattepi pana yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Laṅkā dīpo, laṅkaṃ dīpaṃ, laṅkāya dīpena, laṅkāya dīpassa, laṅkāya dīpā, laṅkāya dīpasmā, laṅkāya dīpamhā, laṅkāya dīpassa, laṅkāya dīpe, laṅkāya dīpasmiṃ, laṅkāya dīpamhi, bhoti laṅke dīpa. Ayaṃ byāse nāmikapadamālā. Ayaṃ nayo ‘‘jambudīpo’’ti ettha na labbhati kevalena <span class="bld">jambū</span>saddena jambudīpassa akathanato, yathā kevalena <span class="bld">laṅkā</span>saddena laṅkādīpo kathiyati. Ayaṃ pana byāse padamālānayo visesato kabbaracanāyaṃ kavīnaṃ upakārāya saṃvattati sāsanassāpi. Tathā hi byāsavasena porāṇakaviracanā dissati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vandāmi selamhi samantakūṭe,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Laṅkāya dīpassa sikhāyamāne;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Āvāsabhūte sumanāmarassa,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Buddhassa taṃ pādavaḷañjamagga’’nti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Sāsanepi byāsavasena ‘‘dibbo ratho pāturahu, vedehassa yasassino’’tiādikā pāḷi dissati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā <a name="M0.0330"></a> pana ‘‘jambudīpo’’ti ettha ayaṃ nayo na labbhati, tathā ‘‘nāgadīpo’’tiādīsupi kevalena <span class="bld">jambū</span>saddena jambudīpassa akathanamiva kevalena <span class="bld">nāga</span>saddādinā nāgadīpādīnaṃ akathanatoti. Nanu ca bho ‘‘buddhassa jambunadaraṃsino taṃ, dāṭhaṃ mayaṃ jambunarā namāmā’’ti porāṇakaviracanāyaṃ <span class="bld">jambū</span>saddena jambudīpo vutto ‘‘jambudīpanarā’’ti atthasambhavatoti? Saccaṃ ‘‘jambudīpanarā’’ti attho sambhavati, kevalena pana <span class="bld">jambū</span>saddena jambudīpatthaṃ na vadati, kintu ‘‘jambudīpanarā’’ti vattabbe gāthāvisayattā adhikakkharadosaṃ parivajjantena <span class="bld">dīpa</span>saddalopaṃ katvā ‘‘jambunarā’’ti vuttaṃ, evaṃ uttarapadalopavasena vutto <span class="bld">jambu</span>saddo <span class="bld">nara</span>saddaṃ paṭicca samāsabalena ‘‘jambudīpanarā’’ti atthappakāsane samattho hoti, na kevalo byāsakāle, tathā hi ‘‘jambū’’ti vutte jambudīpo na ñāyati, atha kho jamburukkhoyeva ñāyati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiṃ pana bho ‘‘kāko dāso, kākaṃ dāsaṃ, kākena dāsenā’’ti ayaṃ nayo labbhati, na labbhatīti? Labbhati, <span class="bld">kāka</span>saddena kākanāmakassa dāsassa kathanaṃ hoti. Yadi evaṃ ‘‘jambudīpo’’ti etthāpi ‘‘jambunāmako dīpo’’ti atthaṃ gahetvā ‘‘jambū dīpo, jambuṃ dīpaṃ, jambuyā dīpenā’’ti ayaṃ nayo labbhatīti? Na labbhati <span class="bld">jambū</span>saddassa paṇṇattivasena dīpe appavattanato. <span class="bld">Jambū</span>saddo hi rukkheyeva paṇṇattivasena pavattati, na dīpe. Yathā pana <span class="bld">citta</span>vohāro cittanāmake gahapatimhipi manepi pavattati ‘‘citto gahapati. Cittaṃ mano mānasa’’ntiādīsu. Yathā ca <span class="bld">kusa</span>vohāro kusanāmake raññepi kusatiṇepi pavattati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pabhāvatiñca <a name="M0.0331"></a> ādāya, maṇiṃ verocanaṃ kuso;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Kusāvatiṃ kusarājā, agamāsi mahabbalo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kuso yathā duggahito, hatthamevānukantatī’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādīsu, tathā <span class="bld">kāka</span>saddopi vāyase, evaṃnāmake dāsepi pavattati ‘‘kāko ravati, kāko nāma dāso saṭṭhiyojanāni gacchatī’’tiādīsu. <span class="bld">Jambū</span>saddo pana gahapatimanādīsu <span class="bld">citta kusa kāka</span>saddā viya paṇṇattivasena dīpasmiṃ na pavattati, tasmā yathāvuttoyeva nayo manasikaraṇīyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā panettha ‘‘laṅkādīpo’’ti saddassa nāmikapadamālā samāsavasena byāsavasena ca yojitā, evaṃ ‘‘pubbavidehadīpo, aparagoyānadīpo, uttarakurudīpo, assayujanakkhattaṃ, citramāso, vessantararājā, setavatthaṃ, dibbaratho’’tiādīnampi nāmikapadamālā samāsavasena byāsavasena ca yojetabbā. <span class="bld">Pubbavidehā</span>disaddehi pubbavidehadīpādīnaṃ kathanañca veditabbaṃ. ‘‘Dibbaratho’’tiādīnaṃ samāsagatapadānaṃ payojane sati byāsavasena visuṃ kattabbatā ca veditabbā. Tathā hi byāsavasena ‘‘dibbo ratho’’tiādinā dvinnaṃ dvinnaṃ padānaṃ samānādhikaraṇavasena paccekavibhattiyuttabhāve sati gāthāsu vuttipālanasukhuccāraṇaguṇo bhavati. So ca sāsanānukūlo hi ayaṃ nayo ṭhapito. Tathā hi pāvacane ‘‘dibbo ratho pāturahu, vedehassa yasassino’’tiādikā pāḷiyo bahū dissanti, evaṃ <span class="bld">laṅkādīpā</span>disaddānaṃ visesavantatā bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">bodhisandhi</span>ādīnaṃ visesavantatā vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bodhi sandhi vibhattā’yu, dhātuyeva pajāpati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dāmā dāmaṃ tathā saddhā, saddhaṃ taṭaṃ taṭī taṭo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Byañjanaṃ <a name="M0.0332"></a> byañjano attho, atthamakkharamakkharo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ajjavaṃ ajjavo ceva, tathā maddavagāravā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vaco vacīti cādīni, samarūpā sarūpato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dvittiliṅgāni sambhonti, yathāsambhavamuddise.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etesu hi <span class="bld">bodhi</span>saddassa tāva ‘‘bodhi rājakumāro’’ti ca, ‘‘ariyasāvako ‘bodhī’ti vuccati, tassa bodhissa aṅgoti bojjhaṅgo’’ti ca evaṃ puggalavacanassa ‘‘bodhi, bodhī, bodhayo. Bodhiṃ, bodhī, bodhayo. Bodhinā’’ti pulliṅge <span class="bld">aggi</span>nayena nāmikapadamālā bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Rukkhamagganibbānasabbaññutaññāṇavacanassa pana ‘‘bodhi, bodhī, bodhiyo. Bodhiṃ, bodhī, bodhiyo. Bodhiyā’’ti itthiliṅge <span class="bld">ratti</span>nayena nāmikapadamālā bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci pana ‘‘rukkhavacano bodhisaddo pulliṅgo’’ti vadanti, taṃ āgamena viruddhaṃ viya dissanato vicāretabbaṃ. Na hi āgame rukkhavacanassa <span class="bld">bodhi</span>saddassa pulliṅgabhāvo dissati, puggalavacanassa pana dissati. Yadi ca ‘‘sālo dhavo khadīro’’tiādīnaṃ viya rukkhavacanassa <span class="bld">bodhi</span>saddassa pulliṅgattaṃ siyā, <span class="bld">jambū simbalī pāṭalī</span>saddādīnaṃ rukkhavācakattā pulliṅgattaṃ siyā, na tesaṃ imassa ca rukkhavācakattepi pulliṅgabhāvo upalabbhati. Yadi hi rukkhavacano <span class="bld">bodhi</span>saddo pulliṅgo, evaṃ sante nibbānavacano sabbaññutaññāṇavacano ca <span class="bld">bodhi</span>saddo napuṃsakaliṅgo siyā ‘‘nibbāna’’ntiādinā napuṃsakaliṅgavasena niddiṭṭhassa nibbānādino atthassa kathanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ye evaṃ vadanti ‘‘rukkhavacano <span class="bld">bodhi</span>saddo pulliṅgo’’ti, te ‘‘bodhi vuccati catūsu maggesu ñāṇaṃ, taṃ ettha bhagavā pattoti <a name="M0.0333"></a> rukkhopi bodhicceva vuccatī’’ti vuttamatthaṃ cetasi sannidhāya ‘‘bujjhati etthāti bodhī’’ti nibbacanavasena ‘‘kiṃ rukkhavacano <span class="bld">bodhi</span>saddo pulliṅgo na bhavissatī’’ti maññamānā vadanti maññe. Nevaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, evañca pana daṭṭhabbaṃ, ‘‘bodhi vuccati catūsu maggesu ñāṇaṃ, taṃ ettha bhagavā pattoti rukkhopi bodhicceva vuccatī’’ti vadantehi garūhi ñāṇavacanaṃ itthi liṅgabhūtaṃ bodhīti ñāṇassa nāmaṃ paṇṇattiantaraparikappanenatthaṃ parikappentena bujjhanaṭṭhānabhūte rukkhe āropetvā rukkho ‘‘bodhī’’ti vutto, tasmā īdisesu ṭhānesu nibbacane ādaro na kātabbo. Na hi ‘‘bujjhati etthāti bodhī’’ti nibbacanakaraṇaṃ rukkhavacanassa <span class="bld">bodhi</span>saddassa pulliṅgattaṃ kātuṃ sakkoti saṅketasiddhattā vohārassa, tasmā rukkhaṃ sayaṃ abodhimpi samānaṃ bodhiyā paṭilābhaṭṭhānattā saṅketasiddhena ‘‘bodhī’’ti itthiliṅgavohārena voharanti sāsanikā, bodhiyā vā kāraṇattā phalavohārena. Etamatthaṃyeva hi sandhāya ‘‘bodhi vuccati catūsu maggesu ñāṇaṃ, taṃ ettha bhagavā pattoti rukkhopi bodhicceva vuccatī’’ti vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ, evaṃ ‘‘bodhī’’ti itthiliṅgavasena rukkhanāmaṃ pavattatīti. Tenāha <span class="bld">āyasmā sāriputto</span> dhammasenāpati anudhammacakkavattī vohārakusalo itthiliṅgavohārena ‘‘buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ bodhiyā mūle saha sabbaññutaññāṇappaṭilābhā sacchikā paññatti yadidaṃ buddho’’ti. Apica tattha tattha ‘‘bodhiyā sākhā’’ti ca, ‘‘kenaṭṭhena mahābodhi, kassa sambandhinī ca sā’’ti ca,</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Hatthato muttamattā sā, asītiratanaṃ nabhaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Uggantvāna tadā muñci, chabbaṇṇā rasmiyo subhā’’ti ca</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādayo <a name="M0.0334"></a> rukkhavācakassa <span class="bld">bodhi</span>saddassa itthiliṅgabhāve payogā dissanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā rukkhavācako <span class="bld">bodhi</span>saddo dviliṅgo pumitthiliṅgavasena. Tathā hi <span class="bld">samantapāsādikāyaṃ</span> vinayasaṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ mahāveyyākaraṇassa pāḷinayaviduno <span class="bld">buddhaghosā</span>cariyassa evaṃ saddaracanā dissati ‘‘sakkhissasi tvaṃ tāta pāṭaliputtaṃ gantvā mahābodhinā saddhiṃ ayyaṃ saṅghamittattheriṃ ānetu’’nti ca, ‘‘sāpi kho mahābodhisamārūḷhā nāvā passato mahārājassa mahāsamuddatalaṃ pakkhandā’’ti ca tassa rukkhavācakassa <span class="bld">bodhi</span>saddassa ‘‘bujjhati etthāti bodhī’’ti nibbacanavasena ‘‘bodhi, bodhī, bodhayo. Bodhiṃ, bodhī, bodhayo. Bodhinā’’tiādinā padamālā veditabbā. Rukkhavācakasseva pana tassa ñāṇe pavattitthiliṅgavohārena saṅketasiddhena rūḷhatthadīpakena ‘‘bodhi, bodhī, bodhiyo. Bodhiṃ, bodhī, bodhiyo. Bodhiyā’’tiādinā padamālā veditabbā. Iccevaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Puggalavācako <span class="bld">bodhi-</span>saddo pulliṅgiko bhave;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ñāṇādivācako itthi-liṅgoyeva siyā sadā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bodhipādapavacano, pumitthiliṅgiko bhave;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Evaṃ santepi etassa, itthiliṅgattameva tu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Icchitabbataraṃ yasmā, dhammasenāpatīritaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sandhi</span>saddādīnampi nayānusārena nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā. <span class="bld">Sandhi</span>saddo hi sarasandhiādivācako pulliṅgo, paṭisandhiyādivācako itthiliṅgo ‘‘sandhino. Sandhiyā’’tiādidassanato. <span class="bld">Vibhatti</span>saddo vibhajanavācako itthiliṅgo<a name="M0.0335"></a>, <span class="bld">syā</span>divācako pulliṅgo ceva itthiliṅgo ca ‘‘vibhattissa. Vibhattiyā’’tiādidassanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Āyu</span>saddo pana jīvitindriyavācakoyeva hutvā punnapuṃsakaliṅgo, ‘‘punarāyu ca me laddho, evaṃ jānāhi mārisā’’ti ‘‘ettakaṃyeva te āyu, cavanakālo bhavissatī’’ti ca dassanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhātu</span>saddo sabhāvādivācako itthiliṅgo, <span class="bld">karapacā</span>divācako pumitthiliṅgo ‘‘cakkhudhātuyā. Karotissa dhātussa. Dhātuyo dhātuyā’’ti dassanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pajāpati</span>saddo devavisesavācako pulliṅgo, kalattajinamātucchāvācako itthiliṅgo ‘‘pajāpatissa devarājassa dhajaggaṃ ullokeyyātha’’, ‘‘attano pajāpatiyā saddhiṃ mahāpajāpatiyā’’ti ca dassanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dāmā dāmaṃ</span> saddā mālatīdāmādibhedabhinnassa ekassa vatthussa yathākkamaṃ itthinapuṃsakaliṅgā. Tathā hi ‘‘mālatīdāmā lolāḷiṅgalīlā. Mālatīdāmaṃ. Siṅghitaṃ dāmaṃ bhamarehi. Ratanadāmā. Ratanadāma’’nti ca dviliṅgabhāve lokikappayogā dissanti sāsanānukūlā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Saddhaṃ saddhā</span>saddā pana bhinnavatthūnaṃ vācakā itthinapuṃsakaliṅgā, <span class="bld">saddhā</span>saddo pasādalakkhaṇavācako itthiliṅgo, <span class="bld">saddhaṃ</span>saddo matakabhattavācako napuṃsakaliṅgo ‘‘saddhā saddahanā. Mayamassubho gotamabrāhmaṇā nāma dānāni dema saddhāni karomā’’ti dassanato. Imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne ‘‘saddho puriso<a name="M0.0336"></a>, saddhā itthī, saddhaṃ kula’’nti imāni vāccaliṅgattā saṅgahaṃ na gacchantīti daṭṭhabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Taṭaṃ taṭī taṭo</span>time saddā tīrasaṅkhāte ekasmiṃyevatthe thīpunnapuṃsakaliṅgā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Byañjana</span>saddo upasecanaliṅgavākyāveṇikasarīrāvayavavācako napuṃsakaliṅgo, akkharavācako punnapuṃsakaliṅgo. Tatrupasecane ‘‘sūpaṃ vā byañjanaṃ vā’’ti napuṃsakaniddeso dissati. Tathā liṅge ‘‘itthibyañjanaṃ purisabyañjana’’nti napuṃsakaniddeso. Vākye ‘‘padabyañjanāni sādhukaṃ uggahetvā’’ti napuṃsakaliṅganiddeso. Āveṇike ‘‘asīti anubyañjanānī’’ti napuṃsakaniddeso. Sarīrāvayave ‘‘kilesānaṃ anu anu byañjanato pākaṭabhāvakaraṇato anubyañjana’’nti evaṃ napuṃsakaniddeso. Ettha hi anubyañjanaṃ nāma hatthapādasitahasitakathitavilokitādibhedo ākāro. So eva ‘‘sarīrāvayavo’’ti vuccatīti. Akkhare ‘‘byañjano. Byañjana’’nti ca punnapuṃsakaniddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Attha</span>saddo nibbānavacano napuṃsakaliṅgo, abhidheyyadhanakāraṇapayojananivatyābhisandhānādivacano pana pulliṅgo. Tathā hi <span class="bld">kathāvatthumhi</span> ‘‘atthatthamhī’’ti imissā pāḷiyā atthasaṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ ‘‘atthaṃ vuccati nibbāna’’nti napuṃsakaliṅganiddesena <span class="bld">attha</span>saddo vutto. Iti <span class="bld">attha</span>saddo dviliṅgo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Akkhara</span>saddo ca ‘‘yo pubbo akkharo akkharānī’’ti ca dassanato. Apica <span class="bld">akkhara</span>saddo nibbānavacano nāmapaṇṇattivacano ca sabbadānapuṃsakaliṅgo bhavati ‘‘padamaccutamakkharaṃ, mahājanasammatoti <a name="M0.0337"></a> kho vāseṭṭha ‘mahāsammato’tveva paṭhamaṃ akkharaṃ nibbatta’’nti evamādīsu. ‘‘Akkharāya deseti, akkharakkharāya āpatti pācittiyassā’’ti ettha pana pulliṅgotipi napuṃsakaliṅgotipi vattabbo, itthiliṅgoti pana na vattabbo. Ayañhi ‘‘asakkatā casma dhanañcayāya. Viramathāyasmanto mamavacanāyā’’tiādīsu ‘‘dhanañcayāya, vacanāyā’’ti saddā viya vibhattivipallāsena vutto, na liṅgavipallāsavasenāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ajjava maddava gārava</span>saddā pana punnapuṃsakaliṅgā. ‘‘Ajjavo ca maddavo ca. Ajjavamaddavaṃ. Gāravo ca nivāto ca. Saha āvajjite thūpe, gāravaṃ hoti me tadā’’ti ca ādidassanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vacovacī</span>saddā pana <span class="bld">ghaṭoghaṭī</span>saddā viya pumitthiliṅgā, tattha <span class="bld">vacī</span>saddassa ‘‘vacī, vacī, vaciyo. Vaciṃ, vacī, vaciyo. Vaciyā’’ti nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā. Keci ‘‘duccaritapayogaviññattisaddādīsu paresu <span class="bld">vaca</span>saddassanto <span class="bld">ī</span>kāro hoti, tena ‘‘vacīduccarita’’ntiādīni rūpāni dissantī’’ti vadanti, taṃ na gahetabbaṃ <span class="bld">vaca</span>saddato visuṃ <span class="bld">vacī</span>saddassa dassanato. Atrimāni pāḷito ca aṭṭhakathāto ca nidassanapadāni. ‘‘Vacī vacīsaṅkhāro, vacīsaṅkhāro vacī, vaciñca vacīsaṅkhāre ca ṭhapetvā avasesā na ceva vacī, na ca vacīsaṅkhāro. Gadito vacībhi satimābhinande’’ti imāni pāḷito nidassanapadāni. ‘‘Copanasaṅkhātā vacī eva viññatti vacīviññatti, vaciyā bhedo vacībhedo’’ti imāni aṭṭhakathāto nidassanapadāni. Iminā nayena aññesampi sarūpāsarūpapadānaṃ <a name="M0.0338"></a> yathārahaṃ dvitiliṅgatā vavatthapetabbā. Evaṃ abhidheyyakaliṅgesu savisesāni abhidheyyaliṅgāni veditabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni katthaci vāccaliṅgabhūtānaṃ abhidheyyaliṅgānañca taddhibhantaliṅgānañca dhammādivasena nāmikapadamālā vuccate. Tathā hi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dhammabho puggalā ceva, dhammapuggalatopi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ekantadhammato ceva, tathevekantapuggalā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Padamālā siyuṃ tāsu, paccattādivasena tu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Padaṃ samaṃ visamañca, jaññā sabbasamampi ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ? ‘‘Micchādiṭṭhi, micchāsaṅkappo, micchāvācā, micchāvāco, micchādiṭṭhiko, micchāsaṅkappī’’ iccetesaṃ nāmikapadamālā evaṃ veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Micchādiṭṭhi, micchādiṭṭhī, micchādiṭṭhiyo. Micchādiṭṭhiṃ, micchādiṭṭhī, micchādiṭṭhiyo. Micchādiṭṭhiyā’’ti evaṃ dhammato, ‘‘micchādiṭṭhi, micchādiṭṭhī, micchādiṭṭhino. Micchādiṭṭhiṃ, micchādiṭṭhī, micchādiṭṭhino. Micchādiṭṭhinā’’ti evaṃ puggalato, ‘‘micchāsaṅkappo, micchāsaṅkappā. Micchāsaṅkappa’’nti evaṃ dhammapuggalato, ‘‘micchāvācā, micchāvācā, micchāvācāyo. Micchāvācaṃ, micchāvācā micchāvācāyo. Micchāvācāya’’ evaṃ ekantadhammato, ‘‘micchāvāco, micchāvācā. Micchāvācaṃ, micchāvāce. Micchāvācena’’ evaṃ ekantapuggalato, ‘‘micchādiṭṭhiko. Micchādiṭṭhikā. Micchādiṭṭhika’’nti evampi ekantapuggalato, ‘‘micchāsaṅkappī, micchāsaṅkappino. Micchāsaṅkappi’’nti evampi ekantapuggalato nāmikapadamālā bhavati. Paccattopayogavacanādivasena pana padaṃ sadisaṃ visadisaṃ sabbathā sadisampi ca bhavati. Esa nayo <span class="bld">sammādiṭṭhisammāsaṅkappā</span>dīsupi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atrime <a name="M0.0339"></a> āhaccabhāsitā payogā – avijjāgatassa bhikkhave aviddasuno micchādiṭṭhi pahoti. Micchādiṭṭhissa micchāsaṅkappo pahoti. Micchāsaṅkappassa micchāvācā pahoti. Micchāvācassa micchākammanto pahoti. Micchākammantassa micchāājīvo pahoti. Micchāājīvassa micchāvāyāmo pahoti. Micchāvāyāmassa micchāsati pahoti. Micchāsatissa micchāsamādhi pahotīti. Vijjāgatassa bhikkhave viddasuno sammādiṭṭhi pahoti. Sammādiṭṭhissa sammāsaṅkappo pahotīti vitthāro, evaṃ katthaci vāccaliṅgabhūtānaṃ abhidheyyaliṅgānañca taddhitantaliṅgānañca nāmikapadamālā sappayogā kathitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni nevābhidheyyaliṅgassa <span class="bld">bhavitabba</span>saddassa ca abhidheyyaliṅgānaṃ <span class="bld">sotthi suvatthi</span> saddānañca vāccaliṅgābhidheyyaliṅgassa <span class="bld">abbhuta</span>saddassa ca vāccaliṅgassa <span class="bld">abhūta</span>saddassacāti imesaṃ kiñci visesaṃ kathayāma, nāmikapadamālañca yathārahaṃ yojessāma. Etesu hi <span class="bld">bhavitabba</span>saddo ekantabhāvavācako napuṃsakaliṅgo ekavacanantoyeva hoti. Tatiyantapadehi <span class="bld">evaṃ</span>sadda <span class="bld">na</span>saddādīhi ca yojetabbo ca hoti. Nāssa nāmikapadamālā labbhati, atrime ca payogā ‘‘saddhammagarukena bhavitabbaṃ, no āmisagarukena, iminā corena bhavitabbaṃ, imehi corehi bhavitabbaṃ, imāya coriyā bhavitabbaṃ, imāhi corīhi bhavitabbaṃ, anena cittena bhavitabbaṃ, imehi cittehi bhavitabbaṃ, evaṃ bhavitabbaṃ, aññathā bhavitabba’’nti. Atridaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Bhavitabba</span>padaṃ niccaṃ, sabbaññuvarasāsane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paṭhamekavaco bhāva-vācakañca napuṃsakaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tatiyantapade<span class="bld">hevaṃ-</span>saddādīhi <a name="M0.0340"></a> ca dhīmatā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yojetabbaṃva sambhoti, iti vidvā vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ ‘‘bhavitabba’’nti padassa viseso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sotthi bhaddante hotu rañño, sotthiṃ gacchati nhāpito. Sotthināmhi samuṭṭhito. Suvatthi, suvatthiṃ, suvatthinā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">dhasātthi</span>saddādīnaṃ viseso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana ‘‘abbhutaṃ abhūta’’nti dvinnaṃ viseso. <span class="bld">Bhū</span>saddassa bbhū, saṃyogapare paṭisedhatthavati <span class="bld">a</span>itinipāte upapade sati ekantena rassattamupayāti. Kvatthe? ‘‘Abhūtapubbaṃ bhūta’’ntiādīsvatthesu. Tathāvidhe asaññogapare rassattaṃ na upayāti. Kvatthe? ‘‘Asacca’’ntiādīsvatthesu. Tathā hi ‘‘abbhuta’’nti padassa ‘‘abhūtapubbaṃ bhūta’’ntipi attho bhavati, ‘‘abbhutakaraṇa’’ntipi attho bhavati. ‘‘Abhūta’’nti padassa pana ‘‘asacca’’ntipi attho bhavati, ‘‘ajāta’’ntipi attho bhavati. Tatra ‘‘acchariyaṃ vata bho abbhutaṃ vata bho. Accheraṃ vata lokasmiṃ, abbhutaṃ lomahaṃsanaṃ’’ iccevamādayo ‘‘abhūtapubbaṃ bhūta’’nti atthe payogā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tvaṃ maṃ nāgena ālampa,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Ahaṃ maṇḍūkachāpiyā;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Hotu no abbhutaṃ tattha,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Āsahassehi pañcahī’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Iccevamādayo abbhutakaraṇatthe payogā. Evaṃ rassavasena, dīghavasena pana nissaṃyoge ‘‘abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ. Atathaṃ’’iccevamādayo <a name="M0.0341"></a> asaccatthe payogā, ‘‘abhūtaṃ ajātaṃ asañjāta’’nti iccevamādayo ajātatthe payogā. Bhavanti catra –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Abhūtapubbaṃ bhūta’’nti, atthasmiṃ <span class="bld">abbhuta</span>ntidaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Padaṃ viññūhi viññeyyaṃ, rassabhāvena saṇṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Abbhutakaraṇatthepi, <span class="bld">abbhuta</span>nti padaṃ tathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saṇṭhitaṃ rassabhāvena, iti vidvā vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Abhūta</span>miti dīghatta-vasena kathitaṃ pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Padaṃ samadhigantabba-masaccājātavācakaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Abbhutaṃ, abbhutāni. <span class="bld">Citta</span>nayena, abbhuto, abbhutā. Abbhutaṃ, <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena, abbhutā, abbhutā, abbhutāyo. Abbhutaṃ. <span class="bld">Kaññā</span>nayena ñeyyaṃ. Evaṃ <span class="bld">bhūta</span>saddassapi nāmikapadamālā tidhā gahetabbā. Atra ‘‘abbhuta’’miti padaṃ vāccaliṅgampi bhavati abhidheyyaliṅgampi. ‘‘Abhūta’’miti padaṃ pana vāccaliṅgaṃ abhidheyyaliṅgampi vā <span class="bld">sacca</span>saddo viya katthaci. Itissa yathārahaṃ ayampi sappayogā nāmikapadamālā kathitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni āgamikānaṃ kosallajananatthaṃ padasamodhānavasena nāmikapadamālā vuccate – buddho bhagavā, buddhā bhagavanto. Buddhaṃ bhagavantaṃ, buddhe bhagavante. Buddhena bhagavatā, sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Ayaṃ padamālā ekavacanabahuvacanavasena ñeyyā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Devā tāvatiṃsā. Deve tāvatiṃse. Devehi tāvatiṃsehi. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Bahuvacanavasena ñeyyā padamālā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So <a name="M0.0342"></a> bhagavā jānaṃ passaṃ arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, taṃ bhagavantaṃ jānantaṃ passantaṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena, tassa bhagavato jānato passato arahato sammāsambuddhassa. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Ekavacanavasena ñeyyā padamālā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Rājā suddhodano, rājānaṃ suddhodanaṃ, raññā suddhodanena. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Rājā passenadī kosalo, rājānaṃ passenadiṃ kosalaṃ, raññā passenadinā kosalena. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro, rājānaṃ māgadhaṃ seniyaṃ bimbisāraṃ, raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārena. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto, rājānaṃ māgadhaṃ ajātasattuṃ vedehiputtaṃ, raññā māgadhena ajātasattunā vedehiputtena. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mahāpajāpatī gotamī, mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ, mahāpajāpatiyā gotamiyāti pañcakkhattuṃ vattabbaṃ. Mahāpajāpatiyaṃ gotamiyaṃ, bhoti mahāpajāpati gotami.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Makkhali gosālo. Makkhaliṃ gosālaṃ. Makkhalinā gosālena. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sāriputtamoggallānaṃ sāvakayugaṃ. Sāriputtamoggallānaṃ sāvakayugaṃ, sāriputtamoggallānena sāvakayugena, sāriputtamoggallānassa <a name="M0.0343"></a> sāvakayugassa. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Sabbāpetā padamālā ekavacanavasena ñeyyā. Sāriputtamoggallānā aggasāvakā, sāriputtamoggallāne aggasāvake, sāriputtamoggallānehi aggasāvakehi. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Bahuvacanavasena ñeyyā. Ito aññesupi eseva nayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So dāro, sā dārā. Saṃ dāraṃ, se dāre. Sena dārena. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Sā nārī, sā nāriyo. Saṃ nāriṃ, sā nāriyo. Sāya nāriyā. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Saṃ kammaṃ, sāni kammāni. Sena kammena. Saṃ phalaṃ, sāni phalāni. Sena phalena. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ, paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ, paṭhamena jhānena, paṭhamassa jhānassa. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Catutthī disā, catutthiṃ disaṃ, catutthiyā disāya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dhammī kathā, dhammiṃ kathaṃ, dhammiyā kathāya, dhammiyaṃ kathāyaṃ. Evaṃ anupubbī kathā, evarūpī kathā. Iminā nayena aññesupi ṭhānesu padasamodhānavasena liṅgato ca antato ca vacanato ca apekkhitabbaṃ. Padato ca nānappakārā nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni ekappakārānaṃ saddānaṃ liṅgaantavasena nānattaṃ veditabbaṃ. Kathaṃ? Yādiso, yādisī, yādisaṃ. Tādiso, tādisī, tādisaṃ. Etādiso, etādisī, etādisaṃ. Kīdiso, kīdisī, kīdisaṃ. Īdiso, īdisī, īdisaṃ. Ediso<a name="M0.0344"></a>, edisī, edisaṃ. Sadiso, sadisī, sadisaṃ. Kadāci pana ‘‘yādisā tādisā’’ti evamādīni itthiliṅgarūpānipi bhavanti. Nāmikapadamālā nesaṃ <span class="bld">purisa itthī citta</span>nayena yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni samāsataddhitapadabhūtānaṃ <span class="bld">amama</span>saddādīnaṃ nāmikapadamālā vuccate – amamo, amamā, amamaṃ, amame. Amamena. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mayhako, mayhakā. Mayhakaṃ, mayhake. Mayhakena. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āmā, āmā, āmāyo. Āmaṃ, āmā, āmāyo. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra <span class="bld">amamo</span>ti natthi taṇhāmamattaṃ diṭṭhimamattañca etassāti amamo, ko so, arahāyevāti vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Apica yesataṇhāpi sadiṭṭhīpi ‘‘mama ida’’nti mamattaṃ na karonti, tepi amamāyeva. Ettha ca ‘‘manussā tattha jāyanti, amamā apariggahā’’ti idaṃ sāsanato nidassanaṃ. ‘‘Amamo nirahaṅkāro’’ti idaṃ pana lokato nidassanaṃ. Itthiliṅge vattabbe ‘‘amamā, amamā, amamāyo’’ti padamālā. Napuṃsake vattabbe ‘‘amamaṃ, amamānī’’ti padamālā. Tatra <span class="bld">mayhako</span>ti ‘‘idampi mayhaṃ idampi mayha’’nti vippalapatīti mayhako, eko pakkhiviseso. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">jātake</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sakuṇo mayhako nāma, girisānudarīcaro;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pakkaṃ pipphalimāruyha, ‘mayhaṃ mayha’nti kandatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Itthiliṅge vattabbe ‘‘mayhakī, mayhakī, mayhakiyo’’ti padamālā. Tatra <span class="bld">āmā</span>ti ‘‘āma ahaṃ tumhākaṃ dāsī’’ti evaṃ dāsibhāvaṃ paṭijānātīti āmā. Gehadāsī. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">jātakesu</span> <a name="M0.0345"></a> ‘‘yattha dāso āmajāto, ṭhito thullāni gacchatī’’ti ca, ‘‘āmāya dāsāpi bhavanti loke’’ti ca, tasmā imānevettha nidassanapadāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">kati katipaya katimī</span>saddānaṃ viseso vuccate yathārahaṃ nāmikapadamālā ca. Tatra <span class="bld">katimī</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā na labbhati ‘‘ajja bhante katimī’’ti evaṃ pucchāvasena āgatamattato. <span class="bld">Kati katipaya</span>saddānaṃ pana labbhateva, sā ca bahuvacanikā. <span class="bld">Visuddhimaggaṭīkāyaṃ pana katipaya</span>saddo ekavacaniko vutto. Kati purisā tiṭṭhanti, kati purise passati. Kati itthiyo, kati kulāni. Kati lokasmiṃ chiddāni yattha cittaṃ na tiṭṭhati. Kati kusalā. Kati dhātuyo. Kati āyatanāni. Katihi khandhehi katihāyatanehi katihi dhātūhi saṅgahitaṃ. Katibhi rajamāneti, katibhi parisujjhati. Katipayā purisā, katipayā itthiyo, katipayāni cittāni. Imā pana nāmikapadamālā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kati. Katihi, katibhi. Katinaṃ. Katisu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Katipayā. Katipayehi, katipayebhi. Katipayānaṃ. Katipayesu. Katipayāyo. Katipayāhi, katipayābhi. Katipayānaṃ. Katipayāsu. Katipayāni. Katipaye. Katipayehi, katipayebhi. Katipayānaṃ. Katipayesūti. Sabbāpetā sattannaṃ vibhattīnaṃ vasena ñeyyā, samāsavidhimhipi <span class="bld">kati</span> <a name="M0.0346"></a> <span class="bld">katipaya</span>saddā bahuvacanavaseneva yojetabbā. ‘‘Katisaṅgātigo bhikkhu, oghatiṇṇoti vuccati. Katipayajanakata’’ntiādīsu hi ‘‘kati kittakā saṅgā katisaṅgā’’tiādinā sabbadā bahuvacanasamāso daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni rūḷhīsaddānaṃ nāmikapadamālā vuccate – idha <span class="bld">rūḷhīsaddā</span> nāma <span class="bld">yevāpanaka</span>saddādayo. Yevāpanako, yevāpanakā. Yevāpanakaṃ. Yevāpano, yevāpanā. Yevāpanaṃ. Yaṃvāpanakaṃ, yaṃvāpanakāni. Sesaṃ sabbattha vitthāretabbaṃ. Tatra <span class="bld">yevāpanako</span>ti ‘‘phasso hoti vedanā hotī’’tiādinā vuttā phassādayo viya sarūpato avatvā ‘‘ye vā pana tasmiṃ samaye aññepi atthi paṭiccasamuppannā arūpino dhammā’’ti evaṃ ‘‘yevāpanā’’ti padena vutto yevāpanako, evaṃ ‘‘yevāpano’’ti etthāpi. Tathā ‘‘yaṃ vā panaññampi atthi rūpa’’nti evaṃ ‘‘yaṃvāpanā’’ti padena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">yaṃvāpanakaṃ</span>. Esa nayo yathārahaṃ <span class="bld">yassakaṃ yatthaka</span>ntiādīsupi netabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha siyā – nanu ca bho <span class="bld">pana</span>saddo nipāto, nipātānañca abyayabhāvo siddho tīsu liṅgesu sabbavibhattivacanesu ca vayābhāvato, so kasmā ‘‘yevāpano’’ti <span class="bld">o</span>kāranto jātoti? Saccaṃ <span class="bld">pana</span>saddo nipāto, so ca kho ‘‘ye vā pana tasmiṃ samaye’’ti vā, ‘‘yaṃ vā panaññampī’’ti vā, ‘‘brāhmaṇā panā’’ti vā evamādīsu nipāto, ‘‘yevāpanako’’ti vā, ‘‘yevāpano’’ti vā evamādīsu nipāto nāma na hoti. Anukaraṇamattañhetaṃ, tasmā īdisesu <span class="bld">pana</span>saddasahitā payogā rūḷhīsaddāti gahetabbā. Yajjevaṃ kasmā nibbacanamudāhaṭanti? Atthassa pākaṭīkaraṇatthaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tayodhammajātakaṃ<a name="M0.0347"></a>. Tayodhammajātakaṃ. Tayodhammajātakena. Tayodhammajātakassa. Tayodhammajātakā, tayodhammajātakasmā. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tayosaṅkhārā. Tayosaṅkhāre. Tayosaṅkhārehi, tayosaṅkhārebhi. Tayosaṅkhārānaṃ. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Cattāripurisayugo saṅgho. Cattāripurisayugaṃ saṅghaṃ. Cattāripurisayugena saṅghena. Cattāripurisayugassa saṅghassa. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Satokārī, satokārī, satokārino. Satokāriṃ, satokārī, satokārino. Satokārinā, satokārīhi, satokārībhi. Satokārissa. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Ettha <span class="bld">satokārī</span>ti saratīti sato, sato eva hutvā karaṇasīloti satokārī.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparesampi rūḷhīsaddānaṃ nāmikapadamālā vuccate saddhimatthavibhāvanāya. Aṅgā. Aṅge. Aṅgehi, aṅgebhi. Aṅgānaṃ. Aṅgehi, aṅgebhi. Aṅgānaṃ. Aṅgesu. Bhonto aṅgā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aṅgā janapado. Aṅge janapadaṃ. Aṅgehi, aṅgebhi janapadena. Aṅgānaṃ janapadassa. Aṅgehi, aṅgebhi janapadasmā. Aṅgānaṃ janapadassa. Aṅgesu janapade. Bhonto aṅgā janapada. Evaṃ <span class="bld">magadhakosalā</span>dīnampi yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Itthiliṅge kāsī, kāsiyo, kāsī, kāsiyo. Kāsīhi, kāsībhi. Kāsīnaṃ. Kāsīhi, kāsībhi. Kāsīnaṃ. Kāsīsu. Bhotiyo kāsiyo. Atrāyamatthavibhāvanā – kāsī, kāsiyo janapado. Kāsī, kāsiyo janapadaṃ<a name="M0.0348"></a>. Kāsīhi, kāsībhi janapadena. Kāsīnaṃ janapadassa. Kāsīhi, kāsībhi janapadasmā. Kāsīnaṃ janapadassa. Kāsīsu janapade. Bhotiyo kāsiyo janapada. Evaṃ <span class="bld">avantīcetī vajjī</span> iccetesampi padānaṃ yojetabbā. Tenāhu <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathācariyā</span> ‘‘kurūsu janapade’’ti. Evaṃ <span class="bld">aṅgā</span>dīni atthassa ekattepi janapadanāmattā rūḷhīvasena bahuvacanāneva bhavanti. Tathā hi tattha tattha ‘‘aṅgesu viharati. Magadhesu cārikaṃ caramāno’’tiādinā, ‘‘aṅgānaṃ magadhānaṃ kāsīnaṃ kosalāna’’ntiādinā ca bahuvacanapāḷiyo dissanti. Evaṃ rūḷhīsaddānaṃ nāmikapadamālā bhavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni aparāpi ito savisesatarā saddabhede sammohaviddhaṃsanakārikā paramasukhumañāṇāvahā nāmikapadamālāyo kathayāma sotūnaṃ atthabyañjanaggahaṇe paramakosallasampādanatthaṃ. Tā ca kho ‘‘sambuddho paṭijānāsi. Kassako paṭijānāsi. Upāsako paṭijānāsi. Sammāsambuddhassa te paṭijānato ime dhammā anabhisambuddhā’’tiādayo pāḷinaye nissāyeva. Tattha <span class="bld">sambuddhopaṭijānāsī</span>ti ‘‘tvaṃ ‘ahaṃ sammāsambuddho’ti paṭijānāsī’’ti <span class="bld">iti</span>saddalopavasena attho gahetabbo. Esa nayo ‘‘kassako paṭijānāsī’’tiādīsupi. ‘‘Sammāsambuddhassa te paṭijānato’’ti ettha pana ‘‘ahaṃ sammāsambuddho’’ti paṭijānantassa tavāti evaṃ <span class="bld">iti</span>saddalopayojanāvasena añño saddasanniveso teneva añño atthapaṭivedho ca bhavati. ‘‘Khīṇāsavassa te paṭijānatoti’’ādīsupi eseva nayo. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> pana <span class="bld">sammāsambuddhassa te paṭijānato</span>ti ‘‘ahaṃ sammāsambuddho, sabbe dhammā mayā abhisambuddhā’’ti <a name="M0.0349"></a> evaṃ paṭijānato tavāti yo attho vutto, sopi yathādassito atthoyeva. Evaṃpakāraṃ ñatvā paṇḍitajātiyena kulaputtena amhehi vuccamānā ‘‘ahaṃ sammāsambuddho’ti tvaṃ paṭijānāsī’’ti etasmiṃ atthe sakriyāpadā ayaṃ padamālā vavatthapetabbā –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sammāsambuddho tvaṃ paṭijānaṃ tiṭṭhasi. Sammāsambuddhaṃ taṃ paṭijānantaṃ passati. Sammāsambuddhena te paṭijānatā dhammo desito. Sammāsambuddhassa te paṭijānato dīyate. Sammāsambuddhasmā tayā paṭijānatā apeti. Sammāsambuddhassa te paṭijānato dhammo. Sammāsambuddhasmiṃ tayi paṭijānante patiṭṭhitanti. Tathā ‘‘khīṇāsavo tvaṃ paṭijānāsī’’tiādināpi vitthāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iddhimā bhikkhu ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti. Iddhimanto bhikkhū ekopi hutvā bahudhā honti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hontīti imasmiṃ panatthe ayampi sakriyāpadā padamālā vavatthapetabbā –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekopi hutvā bahudhā honto bahudhāpi hutvā eko honto bhikkhu tiṭṭhati, ekopi hutvā bahudhā hontā bahudhāpi hutvā eko hontā bhikkhū tiṭṭhanti. Ekopi hutvā bahudhā hontaṃ bahudhāpi hutvā eko hontaṃ bhikkhuṃ passati, ekopi hutvā bahudhā honte bahudhāpi hutvā eko honte bhikkhū passati. Ekopi hutvā bahudhā hontena bahudhāpi hutvā eko hontena bhikkhunā dhammo desito, ekopi hutvā bahudhā hontehi bahudhāpi hutvā eko hontehi bhikkhūhi dhammo desito. Ekopi hutvā bahudhā hontassa bahudhāpi hutvā eko hontassa bhikkhuno dīyate. Sesaṃ <a name="M0.0350"></a> vitthāretabbaṃ. Bho ekopi hutvā bahudhā honta bahudhāpi hutvā eko honta bhikkhu tvaṃ dhammaṃ desehi, bhonto ekopi hutvā bahudhā hontā bahudhāpi hutvā eko hontā tumhe dhammaṃ desethāti. Imasmiṃ ṭhāne <span class="bld">kevaṭṭasuttaṃ</span> sādhakaṃ. ‘‘Idha kevaṭṭa bhikkhu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti. Ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti, āvibhāvaṃ…pe… tamenaṃ aññataro saddho pasanno passati taṃ bhikkhuṃ anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhontaṃ ekopi hutvā bahudhā hontaṃ bahudhāpi hutvā eko honta’’nti idaṃ kevaṭṭasuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekoekāya mātugāmena saddhiṃ raho nisajjaṃ kappento bhikkhu evaṃ vadati, ekoekāya mātugāmena saddhiṃ raho nisajjaṃ kappentā bhikkhū evaṃ vadanti. Ekoekāya mātugāmena saddhiṃ raho nisajjaṃ kappentaṃ bhikkhuṃ passati, ekoekāya mātugāmena saddhiṃ raho nisajjaṃ kappente bhikkhū passati. Sabbaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Ettha pana ‘‘na tveva ekoekāya, mātugāmena sallape’’tiādikaṃ pāḷipadaṃ sādhakaṃ. Ettha hi <span class="bld">ekoekāyā</span>ti idaṃ abyayapadasadisaṃ rūḷhīpadanti gahetabbaṃ, <span class="bld">aññamañña</span>nti saddassa viya ca ekapadattūpagamanañcassa veditabbaṃ. Bhikkhu vinā dutiyena sayaṃ eko hutvā ekāya itthiyā saddhinti imasmiṃ atthe ‘‘ekoekāyā’’ti idaṃ padaṃ na rūḷhīpadanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evaṃ santepi na ‘‘eko’’ti saddo ‘‘bhikkhū’’ti padena samānādhikaraṇo. Yadi samānādhikaraṇo siyā, ‘‘nisajjaṃ kappenta’’ntiādi na vattabbaṃ siyā. ‘‘Ekāyā’’ti saddopi na ajjhāharitabbena ‘‘itthiyā’’ti padena samānādhikaraṇo. Yadi samānādhikaraṇo siyā, ‘‘mātugāmenā’’ti <a name="M0.0351"></a> na vattabbaṃ siyā visesābhāvato dviruttabhāvāpajjanato ca. Kiñca bhiyyo ‘‘mātugāmenā’’ti vuttattā ‘‘ekenā’’ti vattabbaṃ siyā, ekantato pana ‘‘ekoekāyā’’ti idaṃ padaṃ pumitthisaṅkhātaṃ atthaṃ apekkhati, na samānādhikaraṇapadaṃ, tasmā ‘‘dve jānipatayo aññamaññaṃ sallapentī’’tiādīsu ‘‘aññamañña’’nti padassa viya ca ‘‘ekoekāyā’’ti imassa ekapadattañca nisajjaṃ kappentassa bhikkhuno visesanattañca veditabbaṃ. Atha vā yassaṃ nisajjakriyāyaṃ bhikkhupi ekova hoti, itthīpi ekāva. Sā kriyā rūḷhīvasena ‘‘ekoekāyā’’ti vuccati, tādisāya ekoekāya nisajjakriyāya bhikkhu mātugāmena saddhintipi attho gahetabbo. Iminā nayena aññesampi rūḷhīsaddānaṃ nāmikapadamālā yathāpayogaṃ ekavacanabahuvacanavasena yojetabbā. Iccevaṃ vāccābhidheyyaliṅgādīnaṃ nāmikapadamālā nānappakārato pakāsitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sumadhuratarasaddanitiṃ imaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Paṭutaramatitaṃ susikhe varaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Viduvimatitamopahariṃ raviṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Matikumudapabodhinisāpatiṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kataviññūjanassāsa-sāsanassābhivuddhiyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dhiyā nītimimaṃ sādhu, sādhukaññeva lakkhaye.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti navaṅge sāṭṭhakathe piṭakattaye byappathagatīsu viññūnaṃ</p>
<p class="centered">Kosallatthāya kate saddanītippakaraṇe</p>
<p class="centered">Vāccābhidheyyaliṅgādiparidīpano nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo</p>
<p class="centered">Ekādasamo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā <a name="M0.0352"></a> <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayānaṃ pulliṅgānaṃ itthiliṅgānaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgānañca nāmikapadamālā yathārahaṃ liṅgantarehi saddantarehi atthantarehi ca saddhiṃ nānappakārato dassitā. Sabbanāmāni hi ṭhapetvā nayato aññāni kānici nāmāni aggahitāni nāma natthi.</p>
<p class="chapter">12. Sabbanāmataṃsadisanāmanāmikapadamālā</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ito paraṃ pavakkhāmi, sabbanāmañca tassamaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nāmañca yojitaṃ nānā-nāmeheva visesato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yāni honti tiliṅgāni, anukūlāni yāni ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tiliṅgānaṃ visesena, padānetāni nāmato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbasādhāraṇakāni, nāmāni’’cceva atthato;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Sabbanāmāni</span> vuccanti, sattavīsati saṅkhato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tesu kānici rūpehi, sesāññehi ca yujjare;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kānici pana saheva, etesaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ idaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Etasmā lakkhaṇā muttaṃ, na padaṃ sabbanāmikaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā<span class="bld">tītā</span>dayo saddā, <span class="bld">guṇanāmāni</span> vuccare.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbanāmāni nāma – sabba katara katama ubhaya itaraañña aññatara aññatama pubba para apara dakkhiṇa uttara adharayata eta ima amukiṃ eka ubha dviti catu tumha amha iccetāni sattavīsa.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etesu <span class="bld">sabba</span>saddo sakalattho, so ca sabbasabbādivasena ñeyyo. <span class="bld">Katara katama</span>saddā pucchanatthā. <span class="bld">Ubhaya</span>saddo dviavayavasamudāyavacano. <span class="bld">Itara</span>saddo vuttapaṭiyogīvacano. <span class="bld">Añña</span>saddo adhigatāparavacano. <span class="bld">Aññatara aññatama</span>saddā aniyamatthā. <span class="bld">Pubbā</span>dayo <span class="bld">uttara</span>pariyantā disākālādivavatthāvacanā. Tathā hi <span class="bld">pubba</span> <a name="M0.0353"></a> <span class="bld">parā para dakkhiṇuttara</span>saddā pulliṅgatte yathārahaṃ kāladesādivacanā, itthiliṅgatte disādivacanā, napuṃsakaliṅgatte ṭhānādivacanā. <span class="bld">Adhara</span>saddopi heṭṭhimatthavācako vavatthāvacanoyeva, so ca tiliṅgo ‘‘adharo patto. Adharā araṇī, adharaṃ bhājana’’miti, <span class="bld">yaṃ</span>saddo aniyamattho. <span class="bld">Taṃ</span>saddo parammukhāvacano. <span class="bld">Eta</span>saddo samīpavacano. <span class="bld">Ima</span>saddo accantasamīpavacano. <span class="bld">Amu</span>saddo dūravacano. <span class="bld">Kiṃ</span>saddo pucchanattho. <span class="bld">Eka</span>saddo saṅkhādivacano. Vuttañhi –</p>
<p class="indent"><span class="bld">Eka</span>saddo aññatthaseṭṭhaasahāyasaṅkhādīsu dissati. Tathā hesa ‘‘sassato attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamaññanti, ittheke abhivadantī’’tiādīsu aññatthe dissati. ‘‘Cetaso ekodibhāva’’ntiādīsu seṭṭhe. ‘‘Eko vūpakaṭṭho’’tiādīsu asahāye. ‘‘Ekova kho bhikkhave khaṇo ca samayo ca brahmacariyavāsāyā’’tiādīsu saṅkhāyanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yatthesa saṅkhāvacano, tatthekavacanantova. <span class="bld">Ubha</span>saddo <span class="bld">dvi</span>saddapariyāyo. <span class="bld">Dviticatu</span>saddā saṅkhāvacanā, sabbakālaṃ bahuvacanantāva. <span class="bld">Tumha</span>saddo yena katheti, tasmiṃ vattabbavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Amha</span>saddo attani vattabbavacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni tesaṃ nāmikapadamālaṃ kathayāma –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbo, sabbe. Sabbaṃ, sabbe. Sabbena, sabbehi, sabbebhi. Sabbassa, sabbesaṃ, sabbesānaṃ. Sabbasmā, sabbamhā, sabbehi, sabbebhi. Sabbassa, sabbesaṃ, sabbesānaṃ. Sabbasmiṃ, sabbamhi, sabbesu. Bho sabba, bhavanto sabbe.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra <a name="M0.0354"></a> ‘‘sabbo bhūto, sabbe bhūtā’’tiādinā, ‘‘sabbo puriso, sabbe purisā’’tiādinā ca nayena sabbāni pulliṅganāmehi saddhiṃ yojetabbāni. Yāni pana <span class="bld">yamakamahātherena</span> punnapuṃsakavisaye <span class="bld">sabba katara katamā</span>dīnaṃ aññānipi rūpāni vuttāni. Taṃ yathā?</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbā’’ iccādikaṃ rūpaṃ, nissakke bhummake pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Sabbe’’ iccādikaṃ rūpaṃ, <span class="bld">yamakena</span> pakāsitaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tañce upaparikkhitvā, yuttaṃ gaṇhantu yogino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sabbanāmikarūpañhi, vividhaṃ dubbudhaṃ yato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbā, sabbā, sabbāyo. Sabbaṃ, sabbā, sabbāyo. Sabbāya, sabbassā, sabbāhi, sabbābhi. Sabbāya, sabbassā, sabbāsaṃ. Sabbāya, sabbassā, sabbāhi, sabbābhi. Sabbāya, sabbassā, sabbāsaṃ. Sabbāyaṃ, sabbassā, sabbassaṃ, sabbāsu. Bhoti sabbe, bhotiyo sabbā, sabbāyo. Itthiliṅgatte nāmikapadamālā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ‘‘sabbā bhāvikā, sabbā bhāvikāyo’’ti, ‘‘sabbā kaññā, sabbā kaññāyo’’ti ca ādinā itthiliṅgasabbanāmāni sabbehi itthiliṅgehi saddhiṃ yojetabbāni. Ettha ca ‘‘sabbassā’’ti padaṃ tatiyācatutthīpañcamīchaṭṭhīsattamīvasena pañcadhā vibhattaṃ ‘‘tassā kumārikāya saddhi’’nti karaṇappayogādidassanato. Sabbassā kaññāya kataṃ. Sabbassā kaññāya deti. Ayaṃ kaññā sabbassā kaññāya hīnā virūpā. Ayaṃ kaññā sabbassā kaññāya uttamā abhirūpā. Sabbassā kaññāya apeti, sabbassā kaññāya dhanaṃ. Sabbassā kaññāya patiṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbaṃ, sabbāni. Sabbaṃ, sabbāni. Sabbena, sabbehi, sabbebhi. Sabbassa, sabbesaṃ, sabbesānaṃ. Sabbasmā, sabbamhā, sabbehi, sabbebhi<a name="M0.0355"></a>. Sabbassa, sabbesaṃ, sabbesānaṃ. Sabbasmiṃ, sabbamhi, sabbesu. Bho sabba, bhavanto sabbāni. Napuṃsakaliṅgatte nāmikapadamālā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ‘‘sabbaṃ bhūtaṃ, sabbāni bhūtāni. Sabbaṃ cittaṃ, sabbāni cittānī’’ti ca ādinā napuṃsakaliṅgasabbanāmāni sabbehi napuṃsakaliṅgehi saddhiṃ yojetabbāni. Evaṃ <span class="bld">sabba</span>saddassa liṅgattayavasena padamālā bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idānissa parapadena saddhiṃ samāso veditabbo ‘‘sabbasādhāraṇo sabbaverī’’iti. Tattha sabbesaṃ sādhāraṇo <span class="bld">sabbasādhāraṇo</span>. Sabbesaṃ verī, sabbe vā verino yassa soyaṃ <span class="bld">sabbaverī</span>ti samāsaviggaho. Yathā pana <span class="bld">sabba</span>saddassa padamālā liṅgattayavasena yojitā, evaṃ <span class="bld">katara</span>saddādīnampi <span class="bld">adhara</span>saddapariyantānaṃ yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyaṃ <span class="bld">ubhaya</span>saddavajjito pulliṅgapeyyālo –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kataro, katare. Kataraṃ…pe… bho katara, bhavanto katare. Katamo, katame. Itaro, itare. Añño, aññe. Aññataro, aññatare. Aññatamo, aññatame. Pubbo, pubbe. Paro, pare. Aparo, apare. Dakkhiṇo, dakkhiṇe. Uttaro, uttare. Adharo, adhare…pe… bho adhara, bhavanto adhareti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana <span class="bld">ubhaya</span>saddasahito napuṃsakaliṅgapeyyālo –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kataraṃ, katarāni. Kataraṃ…pe… bho katara, bhavanto katarāni. Katamaṃ. Ubhayaṃ. Itaraṃ. Aññaṃ. Aññataraṃ. Aññatamaṃ. Pubbaṃ. Paraṃ. Aparaṃ. Dakkhiṇaṃ. Uttaraṃ. Adharaṃ, adharāni. Adharaṃ…pe… bho adhara, bhavanto adharānīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="M0.0356"></a> punnapuṃsakaliṅgānaṃ <span class="bld">para</span>saddādīnaṃ rūpantaraniddeso vuccati. <span class="bld">Kaccāyana</span>smiñhi ‘‘purisā’’ti viya ‘‘parā’’ti paṭhamābahuvacanaṃ dissati. Evarūpo nayo <span class="bld">aparasabbakatarā</span>dīsu <span class="bld">aññatama</span>pariyosānesu navasu appasiddho, labbhamāno <span class="bld">pubbadakkhiṇuttarādharesu</span> catūsu labbheyya. Tathā ‘‘purise’’ti viya pāḷiādīsu ‘‘pubbe’’ti saccasaṅkhepe ‘‘itare’’ti, <span class="bld">kaccāyane</span> ca ‘‘pare’’ti sattamīekavacanaṃ dissati. Evarūpo nayo <span class="bld">sabba añña</span>saddesu appasiddho, labbhamāno <span class="bld">katarakatamā</span>dīsu sesesu <span class="bld">adhara</span>pariyosānesu dvādasasu labbheyya. Tathā ‘‘purisā’’ti viya <span class="bld">sabbā katarā</span> iccādi pañcamīekavacananayo pāḷiādīsu appasiddho. Evaṃ santepi ayaṃ nayo punappunaṃ upaparikkhitvā yutto ce, gahetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana <span class="bld">ubhaya</span>saddasahito itthiliṅgapeyyālo –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Katarā, katarā, katarāyo. Kataraṃ…pe… bhoti katare, bhotiyo katarā, katarāyo. Katamā. Ubhayā. Itarā. Aññatarā. Aññatamā. Pubbā. Parā. Aparā. Dakkhiṇā. Uttarā. Adharā, adharā, adharāyo. Adharaṃ…pe… bhoti adhare, bhotiyo adharā, adharāyoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā panetesu <span class="bld">itara añña aññatara aññatamā</span>naṃ pāḷiyādīsu ‘‘itarissā’’tiādidassanato koci bhedo vattabbo<a name="M0.0357"></a>, tasmā catutthīchaṭṭhīnaṃ ekavacanaṭṭhāne ‘‘itarissā, itarāya, aññissā, aññāya. Aññatarissā, aññatarāya, aññatamissā, aññatamāyā’’ti yojetabbaṃ. Tathā tatiyāpañcamīnamekavacanaṭṭhāne ‘‘tassā kumārikāya saddhiṃ. Kassāhaṃ kena hāyāmī’’ti karaṇanissakkappayogadassanato sattamiyā panekavacanaṭṭhāne ‘‘itarissā, itarissaṃ, itarāya, itarāyaṃ, aññissā, aññissaṃ, aññāya, aññāyaṃ, aññatarissā, aññatarissaṃ, aññatarāya, aññatarāyaṃ, aññatamissā, aññatamissaṃ, aññatamāya, aññatamāya’’nti yojetabbaṃ ‘‘aññataro bhikkhu aññatarissā itthiyā paṭibaddhacitto hotī’’ti pāḷidassanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra <span class="bld">sabba</span>saddo sabbasabbaṃ, padesasabbaṃ, āyatanasabbaṃ, sakkāyasabbanti catūsu visayesu diṭṭhappayogo. Tathā hesa ‘‘sabbe dhammā sabbākārena buddhassa bhagavato ñāṇamukhe āpāthamāgacchantī’’tiādīsu sabbasabbasmiṃ āgato. ‘‘Sabbesaṃ vo sāriputtā subhāsitaṃ pariyāyenā’’tiādīsu padesasabbasmiṃ. ‘‘Sabbaṃ vo bhikkhave desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha sādhukaṃ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmi…pe… katamañca bhikkhave sabbaṃ cakkhuñceva rūpā ca…pe… mano ceva dhammā cā’’ti ettha āyatanasabbasmiṃ. ‘‘Sabbaṃ sabbato sañjānātī’’tiādīsu sakkāyasabbasmiṃ. Tattha sabbasabbasmiṃ āgato nippadeso, itaresu tīsu sappadesoti veditabbo. Iccevaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sabbasabbapadesesu<a name="M0.0358"></a>, atho āyatanepi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sakkāye cāti catūsu, <span class="bld">sabba</span>saddo pavattati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Katara katama</span>saddesu <span class="bld">katara</span>saddo appesu ekaṃ vā dve vā tīṇi vā bhiyyo vā appamupādāya vattati. <span class="bld">Katama</span>saddo bahūsu ekaṃ vā dve vā tīṇi vā bahuṃ vā upādāya vattati. <span class="bld">Katara</span>saddo hi appavisayo, <span class="bld">katama</span>saddo bahuvisayo. Tatrime payogā ‘‘katarena maggena gantabbaṃ. Samuddo kataro ayaṃ. Katamo tasmiṃ samaye phasso hoti. Katame dhammā kusalā. Disā catasso vidisā catasso, uddhaṃ adho dasa disatā, imāyo, katamaṃ disaṃ tiṭṭhati nāgarājā’’. Iccevamādayo bhavanti. Ubhayo. Ubhayaṃ. Ubhayo. Ubhayena. Sesaṃ pulliṅge <span class="bld">sabba</span>saddasamaṃ. Ubhayo janā tiṭṭhanti. Ubhayo jane passati. Yathā ubho puttā. Ubho putteti. ‘‘Ubhayo’’ti hi padaṃ ‘‘ubho’’ti padamiva bahuvacanantabhāvena pasiddhaṃ, na tvekavacanantabhāvena. Ettha hi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ekarattena ubhayo, tuvañca dhanusekha ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Annamevābhinandanti, ubhayo devamānusā’’</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ubhayo te pitābhātaro’’ti tadatthasādhakāni nidassanapadāni veditabbāni. Yadā panāyasmanto ‘‘ubhayo’’ti ekavacanantaṃ passeyyātha, tadā sādhukaṃ manasi karotha. Ko hi samattho anantanayapaṭimaṇḍite sāṭṭhakathe tepiṭake jinasāsane niravasesato nayaṃ daṭṭhuṃ <a name="M0.0359"></a> dassetuñca aññatra āgamādhigamasampannena pabhinnapaṭisambhidena. Idañcetthupalakkhitabbaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Añña</span>saddo <span class="bld">pubba</span>saddo, <span class="bld">dakkhiṇo cuttaro paro</span>;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sabbanāmesu gayhanti, asabbanāmikesupi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etesañhi sabbanāmesu saṅgaho vibhāvitova.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni asabbanāmesu saṅgaho vuccate – tattha <span class="bld">añña</span>saddo tāva yadā bālavācako, tadā sabbanāmaṃ nāma na hoti. Asabbanāmattā ca sabbathāpi <span class="bld">purisa kaññā citta</span>nayeneva yojetabbo. Tathā hi na jānātīti añño, bālo puriso. Na jānātīti aññā, bālā itthī. Na jānātīti aññaṃ, bālaṃ kulanti vacanattho. Evaṃ viditvā pulliṅgaṭṭhāne ‘‘añño, aññā. Aññaṃ, aññe’’tiādinā <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayeneva nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā. Itthiliṅgaṭṭhāne ‘‘aññā, aññā, aññāyo’’tiādinā <span class="bld">kaññā</span>nayeneva, napuṃsakaliṅgaṭṭhāne ‘‘aññaṃ, aññānī’’tiādinā <span class="bld">citta</span>nayeneva yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imasmiñhi atthavisese bālajane vattukāmena ‘‘aññā janā’’ti avatvā ‘‘aññe janā’’ti vutte tassa taṃ vacanaṃ adhippetatthaṃ na sādheti aññathā atthassa gahetabbattā. Tathā ‘‘aññānaṃ janāna’’nti avatvā ‘‘aññesaṃ janānaṃ, aññesānaṃ janāna’’nti vā vutte tassa taṃ vacanaṃ adhippetatthaṃ na sādheti. Tathā ‘‘aññānaṃ itthīna’’nti avatvā ‘‘aññāsaṃ itthīna’’nti vuttepi, ‘‘aññānaṃ kulāna’’nti avatvā ‘‘aññesaṃ kulānaṃ, aññesānaṃ kulāna’’nti vā vuttepi. Sabbanāmikavasena pana adhigatāparavacanicchāyaṃ ‘‘aññe janā’’tiādinā vattabbaṃ, na ‘‘aññā janā’’tiādinā. Tathā hi ‘‘aññā janā’’tiādinā vuttavacanaṃ adhippetatthaṃ na sādheti aññathā atthassa <a name="M0.0360"></a> gahetabbattā. Iti yattha ‘‘aññā janā’’tiādivacanaṃ upapajjati, ‘‘aññe janā’’tiādivacanaṃ nupapajjati, yattha pana ‘‘aññe janā’’tiādivacanaṃ upapajjati, ‘‘aññā janā’’tiādivacanaṃ nupapajjati. Yā etasmiṃ atthavisese sallakkhaṇā paññā, ayaṃ nītiyā maggo yuttāyuttivicāraṇe hetuttā, lokasmiñhi yuttāyuttivicāraṇā <span class="bld">nītī</span>ti vuttā. Sā ca vinā paññāya na sijjhati. Evaṃ <span class="bld">añña</span>saddo asabbanāmikopi bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pubba dakkhiṇuttara para</span>saddesu <span class="bld">pubba</span>saddo yattha padhānavācako, yattha ca ‘‘semhaṃ pubbo’’tiādīsu lohitakopajavācako, tattha asabbanāmiko. Paṭhamatthe tiliṅgo, dutiyatthe ekaliṅgo. Uttamatthavācako pana <span class="bld">uttara</span>saddo ca <span class="bld">para</span>saddo ca asabbanāmiko tiliṅgoyeva. Tathā ‘‘dakkhiṇassā vahantima’’nti ettha viya susikkhitatthacaturatthavācako <span class="bld">dakkhiṇa</span>saddo. ‘‘Petānaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ dajjā’’tiādīsu pana deyyadhammavācako <span class="bld">dakkhiṇā</span>saddo niyogā itthiliṅgo asabbanāmikoyeva. Evaṃ <span class="bld">añña pubba dakkhiṇuttara para</span>saddā asabbanāmikāpi santīti tesaṃ sabbanāmesupi asabbanāmesupi saṅgaho veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">katara</span>saddādīnaṃ parapadena saddhiṃ samāso nīyate ‘‘kataragāmavāsī katamagāmavāsī. Ubhayagāmavāsino, itaragāmavāsī aññataragāmavāsī, pubbadisā, parajano, dakkhiṇadisā, uttaradisā, adharapatto’’ti. Tatra ‘‘kataro gāmo kataragāmo, katamo gāmo katamagāmo, ubhayo gāmā ubhayagāmā’’tiādinā yathārahaṃ samāsaviggaho, <span class="bld">katara</span>saddassa pana <span class="bld">katama</span>saddena saddhiṃ samāsaṃ icchanti dvidhā ca rūpāni garū ‘‘kataro ca katamo ca katarakatame katarakatamā vā’’ti<a name="M0.0361"></a>. Tasmā sabbanāmikanayena suddhanāmikesu <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayena ca <span class="bld">katara katama</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā, tenassa sampadānasāmivacanaṭṭhānesu ‘‘katarakatamesaṃ, katarakatamesānaṃ, katarakatamāna’’nti tīṇi rūpāni siyuṃ ‘‘katarā ca katamā ca katarakatamā’’ti evaṃ itthiliṅgavasena katasamāse pana sabbanāmikanayena, suddhanāmikesu <span class="bld">kaññā</span>nayena ca yojetabbā. ‘‘Katarañca katamañca katarakatamānī’’ti evaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgavasena katasamāse sabbanāmikanayena, suddhanāmikesu <span class="bld">citta</span>nayena ca yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ panettha visesopi veditabbo – <span class="bld">pubbāparā</span>disaddā dvandasamāsādividhiṃ patvā sehi rūpehi rūpavanto na honti, taṃ yathā? Pubbāparā, adharuttarā, māsapubbā purisā, diṭṭhapubbā purisā, tathāgataṃ diṭṭhapubbā sāvakā, idaṃ pulliṅgatte paṭhamābahuvacanarūpaṃ. E<span class="bld">tthe</span>kāro ādesabhūto na dissati. Pubbāparānaṃ adharuttarānaṃ, māsapubbānaṃ purisānaṃ, idaṃ pulliṅgatte catutthīchaṭṭhīnaṃ bahuvacanarūpaṃ. Ettha <span class="bld">saṃ sāna</span>miccete ādesabhūtā na dissanti. Tathāgataṃ diṭṭhapubbānaṃ sāvakānaṃ, tathāgataṃ diṭṭhapubbānaṃ sāvikānaṃ, kulānaṃ vā, idaṃ tiliṅgatte catutthīchaṭṭhīnaṃ bahuvacanarūpaṃ. Etthāpi <span class="bld">saṃ sāna</span>miccete ādesabhūtā na dissanti. Māsapubbāyaṃ māsapubbāya, piyapubbāyaṃ piyapubbāya, idamitthiliṅgatte sattamīcatutthīchaṭṭhīnaṃ ekavacanarūpaṃ. Etthādesabhūtā <span class="bld">saṃ sā</span> na dissanti. Māsapubbānaṃ itthīnaṃ, piyapubbānaṃ itthīnaṃ, idamitthiliṅgatte catutthīchaṭṭhībahuvacanarūpaṃ. Ettha panādesabhūto <span class="bld">sa</span>micceso na dissati. Aññānipi yathāsambhavaṃ yojetabbāni, <span class="bld">pubbāparā</span>dīnaṃ samāsaviggahaṃ samāsaparicchede pakāsessāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="M0.0362"></a> <span class="bld">yaṃ</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yo, ye. Yaṃ, ye. Yena, yehi, yebhi. Yassa, yesaṃ, yesānaṃ. Yasmā, yamhā, yehi, yebhi. Yassa, yesaṃ, yesānaṃ. Yasmiṃ, yamhi, yesu. Idaṃ pulliṅgaṃ. Yaṃ, yāni. Yaṃ, yāni. Yena. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasadisaṃ. Atha vā yaṃ, yāni, yā. Yaṃ, yāni, ye. Yena. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasadisaṃ. Katthaci hi <span class="bld">ni</span>kāralopo bhavati. Atha vā pana <span class="bld">ni</span>kārassa <span class="bld">ā</span>kā<span class="bld">re</span>kārādesāpi gāthāvisaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yā pubbe bodhisattānaṃ, pallaṅkavaramābhuje;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nimittāni padissanti, tāni ajja padissare’’ti ca,</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Kiṃ māṇavassa ratanāni atthi, ye taṃ jinanto hare akkhadhutto’’ti ca idamettha pāḷinidassanaṃ. Idaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā, yā, yāyo. Yaṃ, yā, yāyo. Yāya, yāhi, yābhi. Yāya, yassā, yāsaṃ. Yāya, yāhi, yābhi. Yāya, yassā, yāsaṃ. Yassaṃ, yāyaṃ, yāsu. Itthiliṅgaṃ. Evaṃ <span class="bld">yaṃ</span>saddassa liṅgattayavasena padamālā bhavati. Etthālapanapadāni na labbhanti. Tathā <span class="bld">taṃ</span>saddādīnaṃ padamālādīsupi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana <span class="bld">ya</span>nti saddassa atthuddhāro vuccate – <span class="bld">ya</span>nti saddo ‘‘yaṃ me bhante devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sammukhā sutaṃ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ, ārocemi taṃ bhante bhagavato’’tiādīsu paccattavacane dissati. ‘‘Yantaṃ apucchimha akittayī no, aññaṃ taṃ pucchāma tadiṅgha brūhī’’tiādīsu upayogavacane. ‘‘Aṭṭhā nametaṃ bhikkhave anavakāso, yaṃ ekissā lokadhātuyā’’tiādīsu karaṇavacane. ‘‘Yaṃ vipassī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho <a name="M0.0363"></a> loke udapādī’’tiādīsu bhummavacane dissati. Etthedaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Paccatte upayoge ca, bhumme ca karaṇepi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Catūsvetesu ṭhānesu, <span class="bld">ya</span>nti saddo pavattatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Parapadena saddhiṃ <span class="bld">yaṃ</span>saddassa samāsopi veditabbo ‘‘yaṃkhandhādi, yaṃguṇā, yagguṇā’’ti. Tattha yo khandhādi <span class="bld">yaṃkhandhādi,</span> ye guṇā <span class="bld">yaṃguṇā</span>ti samāsaviggaho. Tathā hi <span class="bld">visuddhimagge</span> ‘‘yaṃguṇanemittikañcetaṃ nāmaṃ, tesaṃ guṇānaṃ pakāsanatthaṃ imaṃ gāthaṃ vadantī’’ti etasmiṃ pade ‘‘ye guṇā yaṃguṇā, yaṃguṇā eva nimittaṃ yaṃguṇanimittaṃ, tato jātaṃ ‘bhagavā’ti idaṃ nāmanti <span class="bld">yaṃguṇanemittika’’</span>nti nibbacanamicchitabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Yagguṇā</span>ti ettha pana ‘‘yassa guṇā yagguṇā’’ti nibbacanaṃ. Tathā hi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Api sabbaññutā paññā, yagguṇantaṃ na jāniyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atha kā tassa vijaññā, taṃ buddhaṃ bhūguṇaṃ name’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Porāṇakaviracanāyaṃ ‘‘yassa guṇā yagguṇā’’ti nibbacanamicchitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Ya</span>saddassa samāsamhi, saddhiṃ parapadehi ve;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Niggahītāgamo vātha, dvibhāvo vā siyā dvidhā.</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ <span class="bld">ya</span>saddassa samāso sallakkhitabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">ta</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">So, te. Naṃ, taṃ, ne, te. Nena, tena, nehi, tehi, nebhi, tebhi. Assa, nassa, tassa, ‘nesaṃ, tesaṃ (āsaṃ). Asmā, nasmā, tasmā, namhā, tamhā, nehi, tehi, nebhi, tebhi. Assa, nassa, tassa, nesaṃ, tesaṃ (āsaṃ). Asmiṃ, nasmiṃ, tasmiṃ, amhi, namhi, tamhi, tyamhi, nesu, tesu. Idaṃ pulliṅgaṃ. Ettha <a name="M0.0364"></a> ca <span class="bld">āsaṃ</span>saddassa atthibhāve ‘‘nevāsaṃ kesā dissanti, hatthapādā ca jālino’’ti gāthā nidassanaṃ, so ca tiliṅgo daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Tyamhī</span>ti padassa atthibhāve –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yadāssa sīlaṃ paññañca, soceyyañcādhigacchati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atha vissāsate tyamhi, guyhañcassa na rakkhatī’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Ayaṃ gāthā nidassanaṃ. Ayamettha rūpaviseso sallakkhitabbo – ariyavinayeti vā sappurisavinayeti vā. Ese se eke ekaṭṭheti pāḷippadese paccattekavacanakāna<span class="bld">meta ta</span>saddānaṃ ekārantaniddesopi dissatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana <span class="bld">te</span>saddassa atthuddhāro vuccate – <span class="bld">te</span>saddo ‘‘na te sukhaṃ pajānanti, ye na passanti nandana’’ntiādīsu <span class="bld">taṃ</span>saddassa vasena paccattabahuvacane āgato, ‘‘te na passāmi dārake’’tiādīsu upayogabahuvacane. ‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama. Namo te buddha vīratthū’’ti ca ādīsu <span class="bld">tumha</span>saddassa vasena sampadāne, tuyhanti atthoti vadanti. ‘‘Kinte diṭṭhaṃ kinti te diṭṭhaṃ, upadhī te samatikkantā, āsavā te padālitā’’ti ca ādīsu karaṇe. ‘‘Kinte vataṃ kiṃ pana brahmacariya’’ntiādīsu sāmiatthe, tavāti atthoti vadanti. Etthetaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Paccatte upayoge ca, karaṇe sampadāniye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sāmimhi cāti <span class="bld">te</span>saddo, pañcasvatthesu dissatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Taṃ, tāni. Taṃ, tāni. Nena, tena iccādi. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasadisaṃ. Idaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sā<a name="M0.0365"></a>, tā, tāyo. Naṃ, taṃ, nā, tā, nāyo, tāyo. Nāya, tāya, nāhi, tāhi, nābhi, tābhi. Assā, nassā, (tissā,) tassā, nāya, tāya, nāsaṃ, tāsaṃ, sānaṃ, āsaṃ. Assā, nassā, tassā, nāya, tāya, nāhi, tāhi, nābhi, tābhi. Assā, nassā, (tissā,) tassā, nāya, tāya, nāsaṃ, tāsaṃ, sānaṃ, āsaṃ. Nāya, tāya, assaṃ, nassaṃ, tissaṃ, tassaṃ, nāyaṃ, tāyaṃ, nāsu, tāsu, tyāsu. Idaṃ itthiliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana ‘‘abhikkamo sānaṃ paññāyati, nāsaṃ kujjhanti paṇḍitā. Khiḍḍā paṇihitā tyāsu, rati tyāsu patiṭṭhitā. Bījāni tyāsu ruhantī’’ti payogadassanato ‘‘sānaṃ āsaṃ tyāsū’’ti imāni vuttāni akkharacintakānaṃ ñāṇacakkhusammuyhanaṭṭhānabhūtāni. Evaṃ parammukhavacanassa <span class="bld">taṃ</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca idaṃ vattabbaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Taṃ tvaṃ gantvāna yācassu’’, iccādīsu padissare;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ādo <span class="bld">taṃ te</span>tiādīni, <span class="bld">na</span>ntiādīni no tathā.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Naṃ ne nenā</span>tiādīni, <span class="bld">vo no</span>iccādayo viya;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Padato parabhāvamhi, diṭṭhāni jinasāsane.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Atha naṃ atha ne āha, na ca naṃ paṭinandati’’;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Iccādīni payogāni, dassetabbāni viññunā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ko cettha vadeyya –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yathā nadī ca pantho ca, pānāgāraṃ sabhā papā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ lokitthiyo nāma, nāsaṃ kujjhanti paṇḍitā’’ti</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha <a name="M0.0366"></a> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Padato aparattepi, <span class="bld">nāsaṃ</span>saddassa dassanā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ādopi icchitabbāva, <span class="bld">naṃ ne</span>iccādayo iti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">So panevantu vattabbo, ‘‘tava vāde na labbhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Nāsaṃ</span>saddo <span class="bld">na</span>saddo ca, <span class="bld">āsaṃ</span>saddo ca labbhare.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā ‘āsaṃ na kujjhanti, itthīnaṃ paṇḍitā’iti;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atthova bhavate evaṃ, suṭṭhu dhārehi paṇḍitā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā yasmā <span class="bld">niruttipiṭake ‘‘naṃ</span> purisaṃ passati, ne purise passatī’’tiādinā padato aparattepi ‘‘naṃ, ne’’ iccādīni padāni vuttāni, tasmā tenāpi nayena padato aparānipi tāni kadāci siyuṃ. Mayaṃ pana pāḷinayānusārena tesaṃ pavattiṃ vadāma, idaṃ ṭhānaṃ suṭṭhu vicāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana <span class="bld">ta</span>saddassa parapadehi saddhiṃ samāsopi veditabbo ‘‘taṃputto, taṃsadiso, tanninno, tappoṇo, tappabbhāro, tabbhūto, tagguṇo, tassadiso’’ti.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Ta</span>saddassa samāsamhi, saddhiṃ parapadehi ve;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Niggahītāgamo pubba-pade dvittantu pacchime.</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ <span class="bld">ta</span>saddassa samāso sallakkhitabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">eta</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Eso, ete. Etaṃ, ete. Etena, etehi, etebhi. Etassa, etesaṃ, etesānaṃ. Etasmā, etamhā, etehi, etebhi. Etassa, etesaṃ, etesānaṃ. Etasmiṃ, etamhi, etesu. Idaṃ pulliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etaṃ, etāni. Etaṃ, etāni. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasadisaṃ, idaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Esā<a name="M0.0367"></a>, etā, etāyo. Etaṃ, etā, etāyo. Etāya, etāhi, etābhi. Etāya, etissā, etissāya, etāsaṃ. Etāya, etāhi, etābhi. Etāya, etissā, etissāya, etāsaṃ. Etāya, etissaṃ, etāsu. Idaṃ itthiliṅgaṃ. Evaṃ <span class="bld">eta</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Parapadenettha saddhiṃ samāsopissa veditabbo ‘‘etadatthāya lokasmiṃ, nidhi nāma nidhiyyati. Etapparamāyeva devatā sannipatitā ahesu’’ntiādīsu.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Samāse <span class="bld">eta</span>saddassa, saddhiṃ parapadehi ve;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Niggahītāgamo pubba-pade hoti na hoti ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">idaṃ</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ, ime. Imaṃ, ime. Anena, iminā, ehi, ebhi, imehi, imebhi. Assa, imassa, esaṃ, esānaṃ, imesaṃ, imesānaṃ. Asmā, imasmā, imamhā, ehi, ebhi, imehi, imebhi. Assa, imassa, esaṃ, esānaṃ, imesaṃ, imesānaṃ. Asmiṃ, imasmiṃ, amhi, imamhi, esu, imesu. Idaṃ pulliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ, imāni. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasadisaṃ. Idaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ, imā, imāyo. Imaṃ, imā, imāyo. Imāya, imāhi, imābhi. Assā, assāya, imissā, imissāya, imāya, imāsaṃ. Assā, imissā, imāya, imāhi, imābhi. Assā, assāya, imissā, imissāya, imāya, imāsaṃ. Assaṃ, imissaṃ, imāya, imāyaṃ, imāsu. Idaṃ itthiliṅgaṃ. Evaṃ <span class="bld">idaṃ</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kaccāyane</span> tu ‘‘imassidamaṃsisu napuṃsake’’ti <span class="bld">ima</span>saddoyeva pakatibhāvena vutto, idha pana <span class="bld">idaṃ</span>saddoyeva ‘‘idappaccayatā’’ti ettha ‘‘ida’’nti pakatiyā dassanato. Tathā <a name="M0.0368"></a> hi ‘‘imesaṃ paccayā idappaccayā, idappaccayā eva <span class="bld">idappaccayatā,</span> idappaccayānaṃ vā samūho idappaccayatā’’ti vuttaṃ. Ettha ca idappaccayā eva idappaccayatāti <span class="bld">tā</span>saddena padaṃ vaḍḍhitaṃ na kiñci atthantaraṃ yathā devo eva devatāti. Idappaccayānaṃ samūho idappaccayatāti samūhatthaṃ <span class="bld">tā</span>saddamāha yathā janānaṃ samūho janatāti. <span class="bld">Cūḷaniruttiyaṃ niruttipiṭake</span> ca <span class="bld">idaṃ</span>saddoyeva pakatibhāvena vutto.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Samāse <span class="bld">idaṃ</span>saddassa, saddhiṃ parapadena ve;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Idappaccayatātveva, rūpaṃ dvittaṃ siyuttare.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">amu</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Asu, amu, amū. Amuṃ, amū. Amunā, amūhi, amūbhi. Amussa, dussa, amūsaṃ, amūsānaṃ. Amusmā, amumhā, amūhi, amūbhi. Amussa, dussa, amūsaṃ, amūsānaṃ. Amusmiṃ, amumhi, amūsu. Idaṃ pulliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aduṃ, amūni. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasadisaṃ. Idaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Asu, amu, amū, amuyo. Amūṃ, amū, amuyo. Amuyā, amūhi, amūbhi. Amussā, amuyā, amūsaṃ, amūsānaṃ. Amuyā, amūhi, amūbhi. Amussā, amuyā, amūsaṃ, amūsānaṃ. Amuyā, amuyaṃ, amussaṃ, amūsu. Idaṃ itthiliṅgaṃ. Evaṃ <span class="bld">amu</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā bhavati, samāso pana appasiddho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra ‘‘dussa me khettapālassa, rattibhattaṃ apābhata’’nti payogadassanato ‘‘dussā’’ti padamamhehi ṭhapitaṃ. <span class="bld">Ka</span>kārāgamavasena aññānipi asabbanāmikarūpāni bhavanti. Tesaṃ <a name="M0.0369"></a> vasena ayaṃ liṅgattayassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Asuko, asukā. Asukaṃ, asuke’’tiādinā, ‘‘amuko, amukā. Amukaṃ, amuke’’tiādinā ca <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayopi labbhati. ‘‘Asukā, asukāyo’’tiādinā, ‘‘amukā, amukāyo’’tiādinā ca <span class="bld">kaññā</span>nayopi labbhati. ‘‘Asukaṃ, asukānī’’tiādinā, ‘‘amukaṃ, amukānī’’tiādinā ca <span class="bld">citta</span>nayopi labbhati. Imānettha padāni asabbanāmikānipi <span class="bld">ka</span>kārāgamavasena nānattadassanatthaṃ vuttāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">kiṃ</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ko, ke. Kaṃ, ke. Kena, kehi, kebhi. Kassa, kissa, kesaṃ. Kasmā, kamhā, kehi, kebhi. Kassa, kissa, kesaṃ. Kasmiṃ, kismiṃ, kamhi, kimhi, kesu. Idaṃ pulliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Rūpavisesopettha veditabbo ‘‘ke gandhabbe ca rakkhase nāge, ke kimpurise ca mānuse, ke paṇḍite sabbakāmadade, dīghaṃ rattaṃ bhattā me bhavissati, ke ca chave pāthikaputte, kā ca tathāgatānaṃ arahantānaṃ sammāsambuddhānaṃ āsādanā’’ti pāḷidassanato. Yasmā pana ke gandhabbe ca rakkhase nāge itiādīsu pāḷīsu ‘‘ke’’ti paccattavacanaṃ <span class="bld">e</span>kārantampi dissati, tasmā ‘‘ke’’ti rūpabhedo cettha ñeyyo. Tathā ‘‘kissassa ekadhammassa, vadhaṃ rocesi gotama. Kismiṃ me sivayo kuddhā. Kamhi kāle tayā vīra, patthitā bodhimuttamā’’tiādīni ca nidassanapadāni ñeyyāni. Apica –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ko te balaṃ mahārāja’’, itiādīsu pāḷisu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kvasaddatthe vattatīti, ñeyyā <span class="bld">ko</span> iccayaṃ suti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Petaṃ <a name="M0.0370"></a> taṃ sāmamaddakkhiṃ, ko nu tvaṃ sāma jīvasi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Iti pāṭhe <span class="bld">kathaṃ</span>saddā-bhidheyye vattatīti ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Etesu dvīsu atthesu, diṭṭho <span class="bld">ko</span> iccayaṃ ravo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nipātoti gahetabbo, sutisāmaññato ruto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Napuṃsakaliṅge kaṃ, kāni. Kaṃ, kāni. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasadisaṃ yojetabbaṃ. Atha vā ‘‘kiṃ cittaṃ. Kiṃ rūpaṃ. Kiṃ parābhavato mukhaṃ. Kiṃ icchasī’’tiādipayogadassanato pana ‘‘kiṃ, kāni. Kiṃ, kānī’’ti vatvā sesaṃ pulliṅgasadisaṃ yojetabbaṃ. Ayaṃ nayo yuttataro, idaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kā, kā, kāyo. Kaṃ, kā, kāyo. Kāya, kāhi, kābhi. Kāya, kassā, kāsaṃ, kāsānaṃ. Kāya, kassā, kāhi, kābhi. Kāya, kassā, kāsaṃ kāsānaṃ. Kāya, kassā, kāyaṃ, kassaṃ, kāsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana <span class="bld">kāyo</span>ti padassa atthibhāve ‘‘kāyo amoghā gacchantī’’ti nidassanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Idaṃ itthiliṅgaṃ. Evaṃ <span class="bld">kiṃ</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā bhavati. Etthetassa atthuddhāro vuccate – <span class="bld">kiṃ</span> saddo ‘‘kiṃ rājā yo lokaṃ na rakkhati. Kiṃ nu kho nāma tumhe maṃ vattabbaṃ maññathā’’tiādīsu garahane āgato. ‘‘Yaṃ kiñci rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppanna’’ntiādīsu aniyame. ‘‘Kinte vakkali iminā pūtikāyena diṭṭhena, yo kho vakkali dhammaṃ passati, so maṃ passatī’’tiādīsu nippayojanatāyaṃ. ‘‘Kiṃ na kāhāmi te vaco’’tiādīsu sampaṭicchane. ‘‘Kiṃsūdha vittaṃ purisassa seṭṭha’’ntiādīsu pucchāyaṃ, <span class="bld">pucchā</span> ca nāma kāraṇapucchādivasena <a name="M0.0371"></a> anekavidhā, ato kāraṇapucchādivasenapi <span class="bld">kiṃ</span>saddassa pavatti vitthārato ñeyyā. Tathā hi ayaṃ ‘‘kiṃ nu santaramānova, kāsuṃ khaṇasi sārathi. Kiṃ nu jātiṃ na rocesi. Kena tetādiso vaṇṇo’’tiādīsu kāraṇapucchāyaṃ vattati. ‘‘Kiṃ kāsuyā karissatī’’tiādīsu kiccapucchāyaṃ. ‘‘Kiṃ sīlaṃ. Ko samādhī’’tiādīsu sarūpapucchāyaṃ. ‘‘Kiṃ khādasi. Kiṃ pivasī’’tiādīsu vatthupucchāyaṃ. ‘‘Khādasi kiṃ pivasi ki’’ntiādīsu kriyāpucchāyaṃ vattati. Adiṭṭhajotanāpucchāti evamādikā pana pañcavidhā pucchā <span class="bld">kiṃ</span>saddassa atthuddhāre anāharitabbattā anāgatāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Etthetaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Garahāyaṃ aniyame, nippayojanatāya ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sampaṭicchanapucchāsu, <span class="bld">kiṃ</span>saddo sampavattati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Parapadena saddhiṃ samāsopissa veditabbo ‘‘kiṃsamudayo, kiṃvedano, kiṃsaññojano’’ti. Ettha ‘‘ko, ke. Kā, kā, kāyo. Kiṃ, kānī’’ti evaṃ liṅgattayavasena vibhattāni <span class="bld">kiṃ</span>saddamayāni padāni samāsapadatte puna <span class="bld">ki</span>miti pakatibhāveneva tiṭṭhanti. <span class="bld">Nāma</span>saddena pana samāse tesaṃ dvidhā gati dissati <span class="bld">‘‘kinnāmo, konāmo’’</span>ti. Sabbāni panetāni itthinapuṃsakaliṅgavasena bahuvacanavasena ca yojetabbāni.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Kiṃ</span>saddassa samāsamhi, saddhiṃ <span class="bld">nāma</span>ravena ve;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Kinnāmo’’ iti ‘‘konāmo’’, iti cevaṃ gati dvidhā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Konāmo <a name="M0.0372"></a> te upajjhāyo’’, iccādettha nidassanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sahaññena samāsamhi, ‘‘kiṃ kiṃ’’icceva suyyate.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā hi ‘‘kiṃcitto tvaṃ bhikkhu. Kiṃkārapaṭissāvinī’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">kiṃ</span>saddo sarūpamavijahanto tiṭṭhati. Tattha hi kiṃcittaṃ yassa so <span class="bld">kiṃcitto</span>. ‘‘Kiṃ karomi sāmī’’ti evaṃ kinti kāro karaṇaṃ saddanicchāraṇaṃ kiṃkāro, taṃ paṭissāvetīti <span class="bld">kiṃkārapaṭissāvinī</span>tiādi nibbacanamicchitabbaṃ. ‘‘Kinnaro. Kiṃpakkamiva bhakkhita’’ntiādīsu pana nibbacanamappasiddhaṃ, <span class="bld">kiṃ</span>saddoyeva padāvayavabhāvena suto. Tathā hi so katthaci padāvayavabhāvena katthaci <span class="bld">nu su nukho kāraṇā</span>disaddehi sahacāribhāvena ca suyyati. Atrime payogā – esā te itthī kiṃ hoti. Ete manussā tumhākaṃ kiṃ honti. Kimpurisānuciṇṇo. Kiṃ nu bhītova tiṭṭhasi. Kiṃsuchetvā sukhaṃ seti. Kiṃ nukho kāraṇaṃ. Kiṃ kāraṇā amma tuvaṃ pamajjasi, kiñhi nāma cajantassa, vācāya adadamappakanti evamādayo. Atridaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Visuṃ padāvayavo vā, hutvā <span class="bld">nvā</span>dīhi vā pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yutto saddehi <span class="bld">kiṃ</span>saddo, diṭṭho sugatasāsane.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pāḷinayānusārena, sesānaṃ sambhavopi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ñeyyo viññūhi saddhamma-nayaññūhi pabhedato’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="M0.0373"></a> sabbanāmikabhāve ṭhitehi <span class="bld">ko kaṃ</span>saddehi samānasutikānaṃ aññesaṃ <span class="bld">ko kaṃ</span>saddānaṃ nāmikapadamālāviseso vattabbo siyā, so heṭṭhā liṅgattayamissakaparicchede vutto. Asabbanāmikattā pana <span class="bld">purisa citta</span>nayeneva vibhatto. Tathā hi yadā <span class="bld">ko</span>saddo brahmavātakāyatthavācako, <span class="bld">kaṃ</span>saddo pana sirojalasukhatthavācako, tadā tāni padāni asabbanāmikāni, kasmā? A<span class="bld">kiṃ</span>saddamayattā sabbanāmikarūpasaṅkhātehi asādhāraṇarūpehi virahitattā pucchatthato atthantaravācakattā ca. Ettha pana samānasutivasena atthantaraviññāpanatthaṃ <span class="bld">ko</span>saddo <span class="bld">kaṃ</span>saddoti ca vuttaṃ, ekantato pana sabbanāmikatte <span class="bld">kiṃ</span>saddoyeva, suddhanāmatte <span class="bld">ka</span>saddoyevāti gahetabbaṃ. Iccevaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kāye brahmani vāte ca, sīse jalasukhesu ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Ka</span>saddo vattatī tīsu, pumā tīsu napuṃsako.</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ sabbanāmabhūtānaṃ <span class="bld">kiṃka</span>saddānaṃ pavatti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Idha vuttappakārānaṃ, atthānaṃ dāni saṅgaho;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paññāvepullakaraṇo, ekadesena vuccate.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kiṃ kiṃpakkena sadisaṃ, kāyo kiṃpabhavo vada;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kiṃpakkasadiso kāmo, kāyo taṇhādisambhavo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Uṇhakāle ka’micchanti, ka’micchanti pipāsitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paccāmittā ka’micchanti, ka’micchanti dukhaṭṭitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kāyassa kassa ko āyo,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Ko nātho kassa bhūtale;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Kassa kaṃ jhānajaṃ sātaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kassaṅgesu ca kaṃ paranti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā <a name="M0.0374"></a> pana tā heṭṭhā amhehi liṅgattayavasena <span class="bld">kiṃ</span>saddassa sabbanāmikasaññitassa nāmikapadamālā vibhattā, etāsu pulliṅganapuṃsakaliṅgaṭṭhāne ‘‘kebhi, kissa, kasmā, kamhā, kamhī’’ti imāni padāni pahāya itthiliṅgaṭṭhāne ‘‘kāyo, kābhi, kāsānaṃ, kāyaṃ, kassa’’nti imāni ca padāni pahāya tato tato sesapadato yathāsambhavaṃ <span class="bld">ci</span>saddaṃ <span class="bld">cana</span>saddaṃ <span class="bld">canaṃ</span>saddañca nipātetvā evarūpāni rūpāni gahetabbāni. Seyyathidaṃ?</p>
<p class="bodytext">Koci, keci, kecana. Kiñci, kiñcanaṃ, keci, kecana. Kenaci, kehici. Kassaci, kesañci. Pañcamiyā ekavacanaṃ ūnaṃ pāḷiyaṃ anāgatattā. Kehici. Kassaci, kesañci. Kasmiñci, kismici, kesuci. Pulliṅganapuṃsakaliṅgavasena daṭṭhabbāni. Atra <span class="bld">kismicī</span>ti anusāralopavasena vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Itthiliṅgavasena pana kāci itthī, kāci itthiyo. Kāci, kāci. Kiñci, kāci. Kāyaci, kāhici. Kāyaci, kassāci, kāsañci. Kāyaci, kāhici. Kāyaci, kassāci, kāsañci. Kāyaci, kāsucīti rūpāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ‘‘iti bhāsanti kecana, na naṃ hiṃsāmi kiñcana’’ntiādayo payogā veditabbā. Iti liṅgattayavasena vuttāni <span class="bld">koci kāci kiñcī</span>tiādīni appamattakānaṃ saṅgāhakavacanānīti veditabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Punetāniyeva yathārahaṃ <span class="bld">yaṃ</span>saddena yojetvā dassessāmi –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yo koci, ye keci. Yaṃ kiñci, ye keci. Yena kenaci, yehi kehici. Yassa kassaci, yesaṃ kesañci. Yasmā kasmāci, yehi kehici. Yassa kassaci, yesaṃ kesañci. Yasmiṃ kasmiñci, yesu kesuci.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha <a name="M0.0375"></a> ‘‘yo koci maṃ aṭṭhi katvā suṇeyya. Ye kecime atthi rasā pathabyā, saccaṃ tesaṃ sādhutaraṃ rasāna’’ntiādayo payogā veditabbā. Pulliṅgarūpāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yaṃ kiñci, yāni kānici. Yaṃ kiñci, yāni kānici. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasadisaṃ. Ettha ‘‘yaṃ kiñci ratanaṃ atthi, dhataraṭṭhanivesane. Yaṃ kiñci vittaṃ idha vā huraṃ vā. Yāni kānici rūpānī’’tiādayo payogā veditabbā. Napuṃsakaliṅgarūpāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā kāci itthī, yā kāci itthiyo. Yaṃ kiñci, yā kāci. Yāya kāyaci, yāhi kāhici. Yāya kāyaci, yāsaṃ kāsañci. Yāya kāyaci, yāhi kāhici. Yāya kāyaci, yāsaṃ kāsañci. Yāya kāyaci, yāsu kāsuci.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ‘‘yā kāci vedanā atītānāgatapaccuppannā’’tiādayo payogā veditabbā. Itthiliṅgarūpāni. Iti liṅgattayavasena vuttāni <span class="bld">yo koci, yā kāci, yaṃ kiñcī</span>tiādīni anavasesapariyādānavacanānīti veditabbāni. Sabbāni cetāni na nipātapadāni, nipātapatirūpakā saddagatiyoti veditabbāni. Yadi nipātapadāni siyuṃ, tīsu liṅgesu sattasu vibhattīsu ekākārena tiṭṭheyyuṃ, na ca tiṭṭhanti, tasmā na nipātapadāni, nipātapatirūpakā saddagatiyoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica <span class="bld">ya ta kiṃ eta</span>iccetehi sabbanāmehi liṅgānurūpato <span class="bld">ttakattika</span>paccaye katvā vatticchāyaṃ yāni padāni sijjhanti, tāni paricchedavacanāni asabbanāmikāniyeva bhavanti. Tesaṃ nāmikapadamālā <span class="bld">purisa citta kaññā</span>nayena yojetabbā. Taṃ yathā?</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yattako <a name="M0.0376"></a> jano, yattakaṃ cittaṃ, yattikā itthī. Tattako, tattakaṃ, tattikā. Kittako, kittakaṃ, kittikā. Ettako, ettakaṃ, ettikāti. Imāni padāni asabbanāmikānipi paccayavasena sambhūtatthantaresu viññūnaṃ kosallatthaṃ vuttāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni saṅkhādivacanassa <span class="bld">eka</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Eka</span>saddo hi saṅkhāvacano ca hoti asadisavacano ca asahāyavacano ca ekaccavacano ca missībhūtavacano ca. Yadā saṅkhā’sadisā’sahāyavacano, tadā ekavacanako bhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Eko, ekaṃ, ekena, ekassa, ekasmā, ekamhā, ekassa, ekasmiṃ, ekamhīti. Evaṃ saṅkhādivacano <span class="bld">eka</span>saddo ekavacanako. Tathā hi ‘‘eko dve tayo’’ti saṅkhāvisaye <span class="bld">eka</span>saddo ekavacanakova. ‘‘Ekomhi sammāsambuddho. Eko rāja nipajjāmī’’ti asadisāsahāyakathanepi ekavacanakova. Ayaṃ ekavacanikā sabbanāmikapadamālā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadā pana saṅkhatthā ca asahāyā ca bahū vattabbā siyuṃ, tadā <span class="bld">eka</span>saddato <span class="bld">ka</span>kārāgamaṃ katvā ekakā, ekake, ekakehi, ekakebhi. <span class="bld">Purisa</span>naye bahuvacanavasena nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā. Tathā hi saṅkhatthāpi bahū honti. ‘‘Cattāro ekakā siyu’’nti hi vuttaṃ. Asahāyāpi bahū honti. Tathā hi ‘‘ayampi gahapati ekova āgato, ayampi ekova āgato’’ti vattabbe ‘‘ime gahapatayo ekakā āgatā’’ti vattabbatā dissati. Ayaṃ nayo sabbanāmikapakkhaṃ na bhajati asādhāraṇarūpābhāvato, atthantaraviññāpanatthaṃ pana vutto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadā <a name="M0.0377"></a> ekaccavacano, tadā ‘‘eke, eke, ekehi, ekebhi ekesaṃ, ekehi, ekebhi, ekesaṃ, ekesū’’ti vattabbaṃ. Ayampi bahuvacanikā sabbanāmikapadamālā. Ettha <span class="bld">eke</span>ti ekacce. Esa nayo sesesupi. Yadā pana missībhūtavacano, tadā ‘‘ekā, eke, ekehi, ekebhi, ekāna’’nti <span class="bld">purisa</span>naye bahuvacanavasena vattabbaṃ. ‘‘Pañcālo ca videho ca, ubho ekā bhavantu te’’ti pāḷi dissati. Ayaṃ nayo sabbanāmikapakkhaṃ na bhajati asādhāraṇarūpābhāvato, atthantaraviññāpanatthaṃ pana vutto. Tattha <span class="bld">ekā bhavantū</span>ti ekībhavantu missībhavantu, gaṅgodakena yamunodakaṃ viya aññadatthu saṃsandantu samentūti vacanattho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ācariyā pana evaṃ vibhāgaṃ adassetvā <span class="bld">eka</span>saddassa sabbanāmattameva gahetvā <span class="bld">sabba</span>saddassa viya nāmikapadamālaṃ yojenti. Kathaṃ?</p>
<p class="bodytext">Eko, eke. Ekaṃ, eke. Ekena, ekehi, ekebhi. Ekassa, ekesaṃ, ekesānaṃ. Ekasmā, ekamhā, ekehi, ekebhi. Ekassa, ekesaṃ, ekesānaṃ. Ekasmiṃ, ekamhi, ekesūti. Ayaṃ sabbanāmikapadamālāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci <span class="bld">‘‘eka</span>saddo saṅkhyātulyāsahāyaññavacano. Yadā saṅkhyāvacano, tadā sabbatthekavacanantova, aññattha bahuvacanantopi, eko ekā ekaṃ iccādi sabbattha sabbasaddasamaṃ. Saṃsāsveva viseso’’ti liṅgattaye yojanānayaṃ vadanti. Evaṃ vadantā ca te vibhāgaṃ adassetvā vadanti. Mayaṃ pana sotūnaṃ payogesu kosalluppādanatthaṃ vibhāgaṃ dassetvā vadāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apicettha <a name="M0.0378"></a> ayaṃ visesopi sallakkhitabbo ‘‘eke ekaṭṭhe same samabhāge’ti pāḷippadese paccattekavacanassa <span class="bld">eka</span>saddassa <span class="bld">e</span>kārantaniddesopi dissatī’’ti. Pulliṅgarūpāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekaṃ, ekāni. Ekaṃ, ekāni. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasadisaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">ekānī</span>ti ekaccāni. Esa nayo sesabahuvacanesupi, napuṃsakaliṅgarūpāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekā, ekā, ekāyo. Ekaṃ, ekā, ekāyo. Ekāya, ekāhi, ekābhi. Ekāya, ekissā, ekāsaṃ. Ekāya, ekāhi, ekābhi. Ekāya, ekissā, ekāsaṃ. Ekāya, ekāyaṃ, ekissaṃ, ekāsu. Ettha bahuvacanaṭṭhāne <span class="bld">ekā</span>ti ekaccā, <span class="bld">ekāhī</span>ti ekaccāhi, <span class="bld">ekāsa</span>nti ekaccānaṃ <span class="bld">ekāsū</span>ti ekaccāsu. Itthiliṅgarūpāni. Sabbānetāni sabbanāmāni ekavacanabahuvacanavasena vuttāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica <span class="bld">eka</span>sadde vicchāvasena vattabbe liṅgattayarūpāni ekavacanāneva bhavanti. Kathaṃ?</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekeko, ekekaṃ, ekekena, ekekassa, ekekasmā, ekekamhā, ekekassa, ekekasmiṃ, ekekamhīti pulliṅgarūpāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekekaṃ, ekekaṃ. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasadisaṃ, napuṃsakaliṅgarūpāni. Ekekā, ekekaṃ, ekekāya, ekekissā, ekekāya, ekekissā, ekekāyaṃ, ekekissaṃ. Itthiliṅgarūpāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbānetāni vicchāsabbanāmānīti vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Bahuvacanāni panettha na santi payogābhāvato. Iti imesu vicchāvasena vuttesu liṅgattayarūpesu samāsacintā na uppādetabbā anibbacanīyattā vicchāsaddānaṃ. Tathā hi ‘‘pabbaṃ pabbaṃ <a name="M0.0379"></a> sandhi sandhi odhi odhi hutvā tattakapāle pakkhittatilā viya taṭataṭāyantā saṅkhārā bhijjantī’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">pabbapabba</span>saddādīnaṃ samāsakaraṇavasena nibbacanaṃ pubbācariyehi na dassitaṃ. Yasmā ca vicchāyaṃ vattamānānaṃ dvirutti lokato eva siddhā, na lakkhaṇato, tasmā tattha samāsacintā na uppādetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">ekacca ekatiya ekacciya</span>saddānaṃ nāmikapadamālāyo vuccante – pulliṅge tāva ekacco, ekacce. Ekaccaṃ, ekacce. Sesaṃ <span class="bld">purisa</span>saddasamaṃ. Ettha <span class="bld">ekacce</span>ti paccattabahuvacanameva sabbanāmikarūpasamaṃ asādhāraṇarūpattā. ‘‘Idhekacco kulaputto. Idhekacce moghapurisā’’ti nidassanapadāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekatiyo, ekatiye. Ekatiyaṃ, ekatiye. Sesaṃ <span class="bld">purisa</span>saddasamaṃ. Idhāpi <span class="bld">ekatiye</span>ti paccattabahuvacanameva sabbanāmikarūpasamaṃ asādhāraṇarūpattā. Ekatiye manussā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Na vissase ekatiyesu eva,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Agārisu pabbajitesu cāpi;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Sādhūpi hutvāna asādhu honti;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Asādhu hutvā puna sādhu hontī’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Nidassanapadāni. <span class="bld">Ekacciya</span>saddassa atthitāyaṃ pana –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Saccaṃ kirevamāhaṃsu, narā ekacciyā idha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kaṭṭhaṃ niplavitaṃ seyyo, na tvevekacciyo naro.</p>
<p class="unindented">Ekacciyaṃ āhāra’’nti nidassanapadāni. Ekacciyo, ekacciyā. Ekacciyaṃ, ekacciyeti sabbathāpi <span class="bld">purisa</span>nayo. Pulliṅgarūpāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekaccaṃ<a name="M0.0380"></a>, ekaccāni. Ekaccaṃ, ekaccāni. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasadisaṃ. Ekatiyaṃ, ekatiyāni. Ekatiyaṃ, ekatiyāni. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasadisaṃ. Ekacciyaṃ, ekacciyāni. Ekacciyaṃ, ekacciyāni. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasadisaṃ. Napuṃsakaliṅgarūpāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ekaccā, ekaccā, ekaccāyo’’ti <span class="bld">kaññā</span>nayena, tathā ‘‘ekatiyā, ekatiyā, ekatiyāyo. Ekatiya’’nti ca, ‘‘ekacciyā, ekacciyā, ekacciyāyo. Ekacciya’’nti ca <span class="bld">kaññā</span>nayena yojetabbaṃ. Itthiliṅgarūpāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">ekākī ekākiya</span>saddavasena nāmikapadamālā vuccante –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekākī, ekākī, ekākino. Ekākiṃ, ekākī, ekākino. <span class="bld">Daṇḍī</span>nayena ñeyyā. Ekākiyo, ekākiyā. Ekākiyaṃ, ekākiye. Ekākiyena. <span class="bld">Purisa</span>nayena ñeyyaṃ. Pulliṅgarūpāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekāki kulaṃ, ekākī, ekākīni. Ekākiṃ, ekākī, ekākīni. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasadisaṃ. Ekākiyaṃ, ekākiyāni. Ekākiyaṃ, ekākiyāni. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasadisaṃ. Napuṃsakaliṅgarūpāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekākinī, ekākinī, ekākiniyo. Ekākiniṃ, ekākinī, ekākiniyo. Ekākiniyāti <span class="bld">itthī</span>sadisaṃ. Ekākiyā, ekākiyā, ekākiyāyo. Ekākiyaṃ, ekākiyā, ekākiyāyo. Ekākiyāyāti <span class="bld">kaññā</span>sadisaṃ. Itthiliṅgarūpāni. Sabbāni panetāni asabbanāmikarūpāni atthantaraviññāpanatthaṃ vuttānīti daṭṭhabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">dvi</span>saddapariyāyassa sadā bahuvacanantassa sabbanāmikapadassa <span class="bld">ubha</span>saddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ubho<a name="M0.0381"></a>, ubho, ubhohi, ubhobhi, ubhinnaṃ, ubhohi, ubhobhi, ubhinnaṃ, ubhosū’’ti ayaṃ pāḷinayānurūpena vuttapadamālā. Atrime payogā – ubho kumārā nikkītā. Ubho itthiyo tiṭṭhanti, ubho cittāni tiṭṭhanti, ubho putte adāsi. Ubho kaññāyo passati. Ubho pādāni bhinditvā, saññamissāmi vo ahaṃ. Ubhohi hatthehi. Ubhohi bāhāhi, ubhohi cittehi, ubhinnaṃ janānaṃ, ubhinnaṃ itthīnaṃ, ubhinnaṃ cittānaṃ, ubhosu purisesu, ubhosu itthīsu, ubhosu passesūti, ayamasmākaṃ ruci. Ācariyā pana ‘‘ubhehi, ubhebhi, ubhesū’’tipi icchanti. <span class="bld">Kaccāyanepi</span> hi ‘‘ubhe tappurisā’’ti vuttaṃ. Sabbānipi etāni manasi kātabbāniyeva. <span class="bld">Ubha</span>saddassa samāso appasiddho. Liṅgattayasādhāraṇarūpāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni saṅkhāvacanānaṃ <span class="bld">dviti catu</span>saddānaṃ sadā bahuvacanantānaṃ sabbanāmānaṃ nāmikapadamālāyo vuccante –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dve, dve, dvīhi, dvībhi, dvinnaṃ, duvinnaṃ, dvīhi, dvībhi, dvinnaṃ, duvinnaṃ, dvīsu. <span class="bld">Cūḷaniruttiyaṃ</span> pana ‘‘dvinnanna’’nti padamālā āgatā. Imāni <span class="bld">ahaṃ</span>saddādīni viya itthi liṅgādibhāvavinimuttānipi tīsu liṅgesu yujjante ‘‘dve purisā, dve itthiyo, dve cittāni’’iccevamādinā. Imānipi liṅgattayasādhāraṇāni rūpāni.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dve’’ti rūpaṃ <span class="bld">dvi</span>saddassa, yaṃ samāsamhi taṃ bhave;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dvitippakatikaṃyeva, nānādesehi sā siyā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dvibhāvo ceva dvebhāvo, dvirattañca duvassako;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dohaḷinī dupattañca, taddhitatte dvayaṃ dvayaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tayo<a name="M0.0382"></a>, tayo, tīhi, tībhi, tiṇṇaṃ, tiṇṇannaṃ, tīhi, tībhi, tiṇṇaṃ, tiṇṇannaṃ, tīsu. Imāni pulliṅgarūpāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tisso, tisso, tīhi, tībhi, tissannaṃ, tīhi, tībhi, tissannaṃ, tīsu. Imāni itthiliṅgarūpāni. <span class="bld">Cūḷaniruttiyaṃ</span> ‘‘tissannanna’’nti catutthīchaṭṭhīnaṃ bahuvacanamāgataṃ, <span class="bld">niruttipiṭake</span> pana ‘‘tiṇṇanna’’nti. Tāni sāṭṭhakathe tepiṭake buddhavacane punappunaṃ upaparikkhitvā dissanti ce, gahetabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tīṇi, tīṇi, tīhi, tībhi, tiṇṇaṃ, tiṇṇannaṃ, tīhi, tībhi, tiṇṇaṃ, tiṇṇannaṃ, tīsu. Imāni napuṃsakaliṅgarūpāni. Katthaci pana pāḷippadese <span class="bld">tīṇi</span>saddassa <span class="bld">ṇi</span>kāralopopi bhavati ‘‘dve vāti vā udakaphusitānī’’ti. ‘‘Tiṇṇannaṃ kho bhikkhave indriyānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā piṇḍolabhāradvājena bhikkhunā aññā byākatā’’ti idaṃ ‘‘tiṇṇanna’’nti padassa atthibhāve nidassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yāni rūpāni vuttāni, ‘‘tisso tīṇi tayo’’iti;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samāsavisaye tāni, <span class="bld">ti</span>tippakatikā siyuṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yasmā <span class="bld">ti</span>ssa samāsamhi, saddhiṃ parapadena ve;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Tivedanaṃ ticitta’’nti, ‘‘tiloka’’nti ca niddise.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ettha napuṃsakattaṃva, pāsaṃsaṃ pāyavuttito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pumattampettha icchanti, ‘‘tibhavo khāyate’’iti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Cattāro, caturo, cattāro, caturo, catūhi, catūbhi, catubbhi, catunnaṃ, catūhi, catūbhi, catubbhi, catunnaṃ, catūsu. Imāni pulliṅgarūpāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Catasso<a name="M0.0383"></a>, catasso, catūhi, catūbhi, catubbhi, catassannaṃ, catunnaṃ, catūhi, catūbhi, catubbhi, catassannaṃ, catunnaṃ, catūsu. Imāni itthiliṅgarūpāni. Itthiliṅgaṭṭhāne ‘‘catunna’’nti padaṃ <span class="bld">cūḷaniruttiyaṃ niruttipiṭake pāḷiyaṃ aṭṭhakathāsu</span> ca dassanato vuttaṃ. Tathā hi cūḷaniruttiyaṃ itthiliṅgaṭṭhāne ‘‘catunna’’nti āgataṃ, niruttipiṭake ‘‘catunnaṃ kaññāna’’nti āgataṃ. Pāḷiyaṃ pana soṇadantasuttādīsu ‘‘samaṇo gotamo catunnaṃ parisānaṃ piyo manāpo’’ti āgataṃ. Aṭṭhakathāsu ca pana suttantaṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘catūhi acchariyabbhutadhammehi samannāgato catunnaṃ parisānaṃ piyo manāpo’’ti āgataṃ. Sattilaṅghajātakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘ācariyo panassa catunnaṃ sattīnaṃ laṅghanaṃ sippaṃ jānātī’’ti āgataṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Cattāri, cattāri, catūhi, catūbhi, catubbhi, catunnaṃ, catūhi, catūbhi, catubbhi, catunnaṃ, catūsu. Imāni napuṃsakaliṅgarūpāni.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Cattāro’’ti ‘‘catasso’’ti, ‘‘cattārī’’ti ca sadditaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Rūpaṃ samāsabhāvamhi, <span class="bld">catu</span>ppakatikaṃ bhave.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nidassanapadānettha, kamato kamakovido;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Catubbidhaṃ catussālaṃ, catusacca’’nti niddise.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imāni <span class="bld">dve</span>ādikāni sabbanāmikāni bahuvacanāniyeva bhavanti, na ekavacanāni. <span class="bld">Cūḷaniruttiyaṃ</span> pana tīsu liṅgesu ‘‘catassanna’’nti vuttaṃ, taṃ anijjhānakkhamaṃ viya dissati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">tumhaamha</span>saddānaṃ nāmikapadamālā vuccante, tesu yena katheti, tassālapane <span class="bld">tumha</span>vacanāni bhavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tvaṃ, tuvaṃ, tumhe. Taṃ, tuvaṃ, tvaṃ, tavaṃ, tumhe. Tayā, tvayā, tumhehi, tumhebhi. Tuyhaṃ, tava, tumhaṃ, tumhākaṃ. Tayā, tvayā, tumhehi, tumhebhi. Tuyhaṃ, tava, tumhaṃ, tumhākaṃ. Tayi, tvayi, tumhesu<a name="M0.0384"></a>. Tatra ‘‘tvaṃ puriso, tvaṃ itthī, tvaṃ citta’’ntiādinā yojetabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Attayoge <span class="bld">amha</span>vacanāni bhavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ahaṃ, ahakaṃ, mayaṃ, amhe. Maṃ, mamaṃ, amhe. Mayā, amhehi, amhebhi. Mayhaṃ, mama, amhaṃ, amhākaṃ, asmākaṃ. Mayā, amhehi, amhebhi. Mayhaṃ, mama, amhaṃ, amhākaṃ, asmākaṃ. Mayi, amhesu, asmesu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana ‘‘kathaṃ amhe karomase’’ti pāḷidassanato ‘‘tumhe’’ti paccattavacanassa viya ‘‘amhe’’ti paccattavacanassapi atthitā veditabbā, ‘‘ahaka’’nti rūpantarampi icchitabbaṃ. Tassa atthibhāve ‘‘ahakañca cittavasānugā bhāsissa’’nti esā pāḷi nidassanaṃ. Ettha hi ahakanti ahaṃ iccevattho. Tatra ‘‘ahaṃ puriso, ahaṃ kaññā, ahaṃ citta’’ntiādinā yojetabbāni. Imānipi liṅgattayasādhāraṇarūpāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kaccāyanacūḷaniruttiniruttipiṭakesu</span> pana ‘‘tumhākaṃ amhāka’’nti ca dutiyābahuvacanaṃ vuttaṃ. Kaccāyane ‘‘tumhānaṃ amhāna’’nti ca paṭhamādutiyābahuvacanaṃ, ‘‘tumhaṃ amha’’nti ca catutthīchaṭṭhekavacanaṃ, paṭhamādutiyābahuvacanañca vuttaṃ, cūḷaniruttiniruttipiṭake pana ‘‘tumhaṃ amha’’nti ca dutiyekavacanaṃ vuttaṃ, ‘‘tumhe amhe’’ti ca catutthīchaṭṭhībahuvacanaṃ vuttaṃ. Etāni upaparikkhitvā sāṭṭhakathesu suttantesu dissanti ce, gahetabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tumhaamha</span>saddānaṃ pana parapadehi saddhiṃ samāse ‘‘maṃdīpā’’tiādayo payogā tathāgatādimukhato sambhavanti. ‘‘Ete gāmaṇi maṃdīpā maṃleṇā maṃsaraṇā’’ti hi tathāgatamukhato, ‘‘tayyogo mayyogo’’ti niruttaññumukhato, <span class="bld">kābyādāse</span> ca ‘‘tvaṃmukhaṃ kamaleneva, tulyaṃ nāññena <a name="M0.0385"></a> kenacī’’ti ca ‘‘candena tvaṃmukhaṃ tulya’’nti ca kavimukhato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha hi ahaṃ dīpo etesanti <span class="bld">maṃdīpā,</span> ahaṃ leṇaṃ etesanti <span class="bld">maṃleṇā,</span> evaṃ <span class="bld">maṃsaraṇā</span>. Tumhena yogo <span class="bld">tayyogo, tumha</span>saddena yogo iccevattho. Amhena yogo <span class="bld">mayyogo, amha</span>saddena yogo iccevattho. Tava mukhaṃ <span class="bld">tvaṃmukhaṃ</span>. Bahuvacanavasenapi nibbacanīyaṃ ‘‘tumhākaṃ mukhaṃ tvaṃmukha’’nti. Ettha ca pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘maṃdīpā’’iccādidassanato ‘‘tvaṃdīpā’’tiādīni <span class="bld">kābyādāse</span> ca ‘‘tvaṃmukha’’nti dassanato <span class="bld">tvaṃvaṇṇo, tvaṃsaro, maṃmukhaṃ, maṃvaṇṇo, maṃsaro</span>ādīni gahetabbāni. Tattha tvaṃ dīpo etesanti <span class="bld">tvaṃdīpā,</span> tumhe vā dīpā etesanti <span class="bld">tvaṃdīpā,</span> tava vaṇṇo <span class="bld">tvaṃvaṇṇo</span>. Mama mukhaṃ <span class="bld">maṃmukhaṃ,</span> amhākaṃ vā mukhaṃ <span class="bld">maṃmukha</span>nti nibbacanāni. Esa nayo aññesupi īdisesu ṭhānesu.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Samāse <span class="bld">tumhaamhākaṃ,</span> honti parapadehi ve;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Tvaṃmukha’’nti ca ‘‘maṃdīpā, tayyogo mayyogo’’ti ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāha ‘‘kiṃ ettakameva <span class="bld">tumhaamha</span>saddānaṃ rūpaṃ, udāhu aññampi atthī’’ti? Atthi ‘‘te me’’ iccādīni. Yadi evaṃ kasmā padamālā visuṃ na vuttāti? Avacane kāraṇamatthi. Atridaṃ kāraṇaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Te me vo no’’ti rūpāni, parāni padato yato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tato nāmikapantīsu, na tu vuttāni tāni me.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca mayaṃ me vo nosaddānamatthuddhāro vuccate – <span class="bld">te</span>saddassa pana vuttova. Yasmā aṭṭhakathācariyā <span class="bld">mayaṃ</span>saddaṭṭhānepi <span class="bld">mayā</span>saddo, <span class="bld">mayā</span>saddaṭṭhānepi ca <span class="bld">mayaṃ</span>saddo icceva vadanti, tasmā mayampi tatheva vadāma. <span class="bld">Mayaṃ</span>saddo ‘‘anuññātapaṭiññātā, tevijjāmayamasmubho’’tiādīsu asmadatthe āgato<a name="M0.0386"></a>. ‘‘Mayaṃ nissāya hemāya, jātā mandosisūpagā’’ti ettha paññattiyaṃ. ‘‘Manomayā pītibhakkhā sayaṃpabhā’’tiādīsu nibbattiatthe. Bāhirena paccayena vinā manasāva nibbattāti manomayā. ‘‘Yaṃnūnāhaṃ sabbamattikāmayaṃ kuṭikaṃ kareyya’’ntiādīsu vikāratthe. ‘‘Dānamayaṃ sīlamaya’’ntiādīsu padapūraṇamatte. ‘‘Pīṭhaṃ te sovaṇṇamayaṃ uḷāra’’nti ettha vikāratthe padapūraṇamatte vā daṭṭhabbo. Yadā hi suvaṇṇameva sovaṇṇanti ayamattho, tadā suvaṇṇassa vikāro sovaṇṇamayanti vikāratthe <span class="bld">maya</span>saddo daṭṭhabbo. Nibbattiatthotipi vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Yadā pana suvaṇṇena nibbattaṃ sovaṇṇanti ayamattho, tadā sovaṇṇameva sovaṇṇamayanti padapūraṇamatte <span class="bld">maya</span>saddo daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Me</span>saddo ‘‘kicchena me adhigataṃ, halaṃ dāni pakāsitu’’ntiādīsu karaṇe āgato. Mayāti attho. ‘‘Tassa me bhante bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetū’’tiādīsu sampadāne, mayhanti atthoti vadanti. ‘‘Pubbeva me bhikkhave sambodhā anabhisambuddhassa bodhisattasseva sato’’tiādīsu sāmiatthe, mamāti atthoti ca vadanti. Etthetaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Karaṇe sampadāne ca, sāmiatthe ca āgato;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Me</span>saddo iti viññeyyo, viññunā nayadassinā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha <a name="M0.0387"></a> pana ṭhatvā aṭṭhakathācariyehi kate <span class="bld">te me</span>saddānamatthavivaraṇe vinicchayaṃ brūma tesamadhippāyappakāsanavasena sotūnaṃ saṃsayasamugghāṭanatthaṃ. Tathā hi aṭṭhakathācariyā <span class="bld">teme</span>saddānaṃ sampadānatthavasena ‘‘tuyhaṃ mayha’’nti atthaṃ saṃvaṇṇesuṃ, sāmiatthavasena pana ‘‘tava mamā’’ti. Evaṃ yvāyaṃ tehi asaṅkarato niyamo dassito, so sāṭṭhakathe tepiṭake buddhavacane kuto labbhā. Tathā hi <span class="bld">teme</span>saddatthavācakā <span class="bld">tuyhaṃ mayhaṃ</span>saddā <span class="bld">tava mama</span>saddā ca sampadānasāmiatthesu aniyamato pavattanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrime payogā – idaṃ tuyhaṃ dadāmi. Tuyhaṃ vikappemi. Tuyhaṃ maṃsena medena, matthakena ca brāhmaṇa, āhutiṃ paggahessāmi. Esa hi tuyhaṃ pitā narasīho. Tuyhaṃ pana mātā kahanti. Mayhameva dānaṃ dātabbaṃ, na aññesaṃ, mayhameva sāvakānaṃ dānaṃ dātabbaṃ, na aññesaṃ. Na mayhaṃ bhariyā esā. Assamo sukato mayhaṃ. Sabbaññutaṃ piyaṃ mayhaṃ. Tāta mayhaṃ mātu mukhaṃ aññādisaṃ, tumhākaṃ aññādisaṃ. Mayhaṃ sāmiko idāni marissati. Tava dīyate, tava silāghate, mama silāghate, pabbajjā mama ruccati. Tava putto. Ubho mātāpitā mamāti evaṃ aniyamato pavattanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cūḷaniruttiyañhi yamakamahātherena</span> catutthīchaṭṭhīnaṃ anaññarūpattaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘catutthīchaṭṭhīnaṃ sabbattha anaññaṃ, tatiyāpañcamīnaṃ bahuvacanañcā’’ti<a name="M0.0388"></a>. Yadi evaṃ aṭṭhakathācariyā ‘‘namo te purisājañña. Namo te buddha vīratthū’tiādīsu <span class="bld">tuyhaṃ</span>saddassa vasena sampadāne, tuyhanti hi attho. ‘Kinte vataṃ kiṃ pana brahmacariya’ntiādīsu sāmiatthe, tavāti hi attho’’tiādīni vadantā ‘‘ayuttaṃ saṃvaṇṇanaṃ saṃvaṇṇesu’’ntipi, ‘‘passitabbaṃ na passiṃsū’’tipi āpajjantīti? Yuttaṃyeva te saṃvaṇṇayiṃsu, passitabbañca passiṃsu. Tathā hi te ‘‘saddasatthampi ekadesato sāsanānukūlaṃ hotī’’ti paresamanukampāya saddasatthato nayaṃ gahetvā sampadānatthavasena <span class="bld">te me</span>saddānaṃ ‘‘tuyhaṃ mayha’’nti atthaṃ saṃvaṇṇayiṃsu, sāmiatthavasena pana ‘‘tava mamā’’ti. Saddasatthe hi catutthīchaṭṭhīrūpāni sabbathā visadisāni, sāsane pana sadisāni. Tasmā sāsane sāmaññena pavattāni catutthīchaṭṭhīrūpāni saddasatthe visesena pavattehi catutthīchaṭṭhīrūpehi samānagatikāni katvā paresamanukampāya sampadānatthe <span class="bld">tuyhaṃ mayhaṃ</span>saddānaṃ pavattiniyamo, sāmiatthe ca <span class="bld">tava mama</span>saddānaṃ pavattiniyamo dassito. Yasmā pana paresamanukampāya ayaṃ niyamo, tasmā karuṇāyevāyaṃparādho, na aṭṭhakathācariyānaṃ. Tāya eva hi tehi evaṃ saṃvaṇṇanā katāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci panettha evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – nanu ca bho aṭṭhakathācariyehi saddanayaṃ nissāya <span class="bld">te me</span>saddānaṃ sāmiatthe vattamānānaṃ ‘‘tava mamā’’ti atthavacanena ‘‘tuyhaṃ maṃsena medena, na mayhaṃ bhariyā esā’’tiādīsu sāmivisayesu vibhattivipallāsanayo dassitoti sakkā vattuṃ, tathā saddanayaññeva nissāya <span class="bld">te me</span>saddānaṃ sampadānatthe vattamānānaṃ <a name="M0.0389"></a> ‘‘tuyhaṃ mayha’’nti atthavacanena ‘‘bhattaṃ tava na ruccati. Pabbajjā mama ruccatī’’tiādīsupi sampadānavisayesu vibhattivipallāsanayo dassitoti sakkā vattunti? Na sakkā, gāthāsu viya cuṇṇiyapadaṭṭhānepi <span class="bld">tuyhaṃ mayhaṃ tava mama</span>saddānaṃ aniyamena dvīsu atthesu pavattanato. Na hi īdise ṭhāne gāthāyaṃ vā cuṇṇiyapadaṭṭhāne vā vibhattivipallāso icchitabbo. ‘‘Tassa rajjassahaṃ bhīto. Kiṃ nu kho ahaṃ tassa sukhassa bhāyāmī’’tiādīsuyeva pana ṭhānesu icchitabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi saddanayaṃ nissāya ‘‘tuyhaṃ maṃsena medenā’’tiādīsu vibhattivipallāso icchitabbo siyā, ‘‘brāhmaṇassa piyaputtadānaṃ adāsi. Brāhmaṇassa pitā adāsī’’tiādīsupi saddanayaṃ nissāya ‘‘brāhmaṇāyā’’tiādinā vibhattivipallāsattho vacanīyo siyā catutthīchaṭṭhīrūpānaṃ satthe visuṃ vacanato. Evañca sati ko dosoti ce? Attheva doso, yasmā <span class="bld">dāna</span>yoge vā <span class="bld">namo</span>yoge vā <span class="bld">āyā</span>desasahitāni catutthīchaṭṭhīrūpāni sāṭṭhakathe tepiṭake buddhavacane nupalabbhanti, tasmā ‘‘brāhmaṇāyā’’tiādinā vibhattivipallāsatthavacane ayaṃ doso yadidaṃ avijjamānaggahaṇaṃ. Yasmā pana īdisesu ṭhānesu vibhattivipallāsakaraṇaṃ sāvajjaṃ, tasmā ‘‘tuyhaṃ maṃsena medenā’’tiādīsupi vibhattivipallāso na icchitabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Catutthīchaṭṭhīrūpāni hi anaññāni dissanti ‘‘purisassa adāsi, purisassa dhanaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ adāsi, brāhmaṇānaṃ santaka’’nti. Tathā hi pāvacane <span class="bld">sa naṃ</span>saddā sampadānasāmiatthesu sāmaññena <a name="M0.0390"></a> pavattanti, tappavatti ‘‘aggassa dātā medhāvī’’tiādīhi payogehi dīpetabbā. ‘‘Aggassa dātā medhāvī’’ti ettha hi ‘‘aggassā’’ti ayaṃ saddo yadā kriyāpaṭiggahaṇaṃ paṭicca sampadānatthe pavattati, tadā ‘‘aggassa ratanattayassa dātā’’ti atthavasena pavattati. Yadā pana kriyaṃ paṭicca kammabhūte sāmiatthe pavattati, tadā ‘‘aggassa deyyadhammassa dātā’’ti atthavasena pavattati. Evaṃ sabbathāpi vipallāso tumhākaṃ saraṇaṃ na hotīti. Tathā saddanayaṃ nissāya ‘‘sampadānavacana’’nti tumhehi daḷhaṃ gahitassa <span class="bld">ma</span>yhaṃsaddassa sāmiatthavasena paṇṇattiyaṃ dassanato vibhattivipallāso tumhākaṃ saraṇaṃ na hoteva. Tathā hi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sakuṇo mayhako nāma, girisānudarīcaro;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pakkaṃ pipphalimāruyha, ‘mayhaṃ mayha’nti kandatī’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Ettha <span class="bld">mayhako</span>ti ekāya sakuṇajātiyā nāmaṃ. So hi loluppacāritāya ‘‘idampi mayhaṃ, idampi mayha’’nti kāyati ravatīti mayhakoti vuccati <span class="bld">mayha</span>saddūpapadassa <span class="bld">ke re ge</span> saddeti dhātussa vasena.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atrāyaṃ padasodhanā – yadi <span class="bld">tu</span>yhaṃ mayhaṃsaddā dhuvaṃ sampadānatthe, <span class="bld">tava mama</span>saddā ca sāmiatthe bhaveyyuṃ, evaṃ sante lokavohārakusalena sabbaññunā tassa sakuṇassa ‘‘mayhako’’ti paṇṇatti na vattabbā siyā anantogadhasampadānatthattā, antogadhasāmyatthattā pana ‘‘mamako’’ icceva paññatti vattabbā siyā. Etthapi ‘‘mayhako’’ti idaṃ vibhattivipallāsavasena vuttanti ce? Na, paṇṇattivisaye vibhattivipariṇāmassa aṭṭhānattā anavakāsattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apicettha <span class="bld">ma</span>yhaṃsaddo sarūpato vibhatyantabhāvena tiṭṭhati kasaddena ekapadattūpagamanato, evaṃ santepi ‘‘mayhako’’ti <a name="M0.0391"></a> ayaṃ sakuṇavisesavācako saddo paccattavacanabhāve ṭhitoyeva īsakaṃ sāmiatthampi jotayati <span class="bld">sujampati rājapurisa</span>saddā viya. Imināpi kāraṇena vibhattivipallāso tumhākaṃ saraṇaṃ na hoti. Iti ‘‘mayhako’’ti paṇṇattiyaṃ vattamānassa padāvayavabhūtassa <span class="bld">ma</span>yhasaddassa avipallāsavacanalesena <span class="bld">tuyhaṃ tava mama</span>saddesupi vibhattivipallāso na icchitabboti siddhaṃ. Tasmā aṭṭhakathācariyehi sampadānasāmiatthesu sāmaññena pavattānampi samānānaṃ <span class="bld">tuyhaṃ mayhaṃ tava mama</span>saddānaṃ saddanayaññeva nissāya paresamanukampāya vuttappakāro niyamo dassitoti avagantabbaṃ. Iccevaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tuyhaṃ mayha’’ntime sadde, sampadāne garū vaduṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Tava mamā’’ti sāmimhi, nayamādāya satthato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evaṃ santepi etesaṃ, niyamo natthi pāḷiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Koci tesaṃ viseso ca, diṭṭho amhehi taṃ suṇa.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sāmyatthasampadānatthā, sambhavanti yahiṃ duve;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Tuyhaṃ mayha’’ntime saddā, te payogā na dullabhā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tava mamā’’time saddā, pāyā sāmimhi vattare;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sampadāne yahiṃ honti, te payogā panappakā.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Tava</span>to <span class="bld">mama</span>to <span class="bld">tu</span>yhaṃ-<span class="bld">ma</span>yhaṃsaddāva sāsane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pāṭhe nekasahassamhi, sāmiatthe pavattareti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbāpi imā nītiyo paramasukhumā sududdasā vīrajātinā sādhukaṃ manasi kātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vo no</span>saddesu pana <span class="bld">vo</span>saddo paccattaupayogakaraṇasampadānasāmivacanapadapūraṇesu dissati. ‘‘Kacci vo <a name="M0.0392"></a> anuruddhā samaggā sammodamānā’’tiādīsu hi paccatte dissati. ‘‘Gacchatha bhikkhave paṇāmemi vo’’tiādīsu upayoge. ‘‘Na vo mama santike vatthabba’’ntiādīsu karaṇe. ‘‘Vanapatthapariyāyaṃ vo bhikkhave desessāmī’’tiādīsu sampadāne. ‘‘Sabbesaṃ vo sāriputtā subhāsita’’ntiādīsu sāmivacane. ‘‘Ye hi voariyā parisuddhā kāyakammantā’’tiādīsu padapūraṇamatte. Etthetaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Paccatte upayoge ca, karaṇe sampadāniye;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sāmissa vacane ceva, tatheva padapūraṇe;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Imesu chasu ṭhānesu, <span class="bld">vo</span>saddo sampavattati’’.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">No</span>saddo paccattopayogakaraṇasampadānasāmivacanāvadhāraṇanusaddatthesu paṭisedhe nipātamatte ca vattati. Ayañhi ‘‘gāmaṃ no gaccheyyāmā’’ti ettha paccatte dissati. ‘‘Mā no ajja vikantiṃsu, rañño sūdā mahānase’’tiādīsu upayoge. ‘‘Na no vivāho nāgehi, katapubbo kudācana’’ntiādīsu karaṇe. ‘‘Saṃvibhajetha no rajjenā’’tiādīsu sampadāne. ‘‘Satthā no bhagavā anuppatto’’tiādīsu sāmivacane. ‘‘Na no samaṃ atthi tathāgatenā’’ti ettha avadhāraṇe. ‘‘Abhijānāsi no tvaṃ mahārājā’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">nu</span>saddatthe, pucchāyantipi vattuṃ vaṭṭati. ‘‘Subhāsitaññeva bhāseyya, no ca dubbhāsitaṃ bhaṇe’’tiādīsu paṭisedhe. ‘‘Na no sabhāyaṃ na karonti kiñcī’’tiādīsu nipātamatte. Etthetaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Paccatte <a name="M0.0393"></a> cupayoge ca, karaṇe sampadāniye;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sāmyāvadhāraṇe ceva, <span class="bld">nu</span>saddatthe nivāraṇe;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tathā nipātamattamhi, <span class="bld">no</span>saddo sampavattati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni sabbanāmānaṃ yathārahaṃ saṃkhittena missakapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yo so, ye te. Yaṃ taṃ, ye te. Yena tena. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Yā sā, yā tā. Yaṃ taṃ, yā tā. Yāya tāya. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Yaṃ taṃ, yāni tāni. Sesaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Iminā nayena liṅgattayayojanā kātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Eso so, ete te. Ayaṃ so, ime te. So ayaṃ te ime’’tiādinā yathāpayogaṃ padamālā yojetabbā. Tathā hi ‘‘yo so bhagavā sayambhū anācariyako. Ete te bhikkhave ubho ante anupagamma majjhimā paṭipadā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā. Ayaṃ so sārathi etī’’ti evamādayo vicittappayogā dissanti. Iti sabbanāmikapadānaṃ missakapadamālā yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Mayā sabbatthasiddhassa, sāsane sabbadassino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sabbattha sāsane suṭṭhu, kosallatthāya sotunaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Asabbanāmanāmehi, sabbanāmapadehi ve;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saha sabbāni vuttāni, sabbanāmāni pantito.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Etesu katayogānaṃ, sukhumatthavijānanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Akicchapaṭivedhena, bhavissati na saṃsayo.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti navaṅge sāṭṭhakathe piṭakattaye byappathagatīsu viññūnaṃ</p>
<p class="centered">Kosallatthāya kate saddanītippakaraṇe</p>
<p class="centered">Sabbanāmataṃsadisanāmānaṃ nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo nāma</p>
<p class="centered">Dvādasamo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="chapter">13. Savinicchayasaṅkhyānāmanāmikapadamālā</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ito <a name="M0.0394"></a> paraṃ pavakkhāmi, saṅkhyānāmikapantiyo;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Bhū</span>dhātujehi rūpehi, aññehi cupayojituṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā hi sā heṭṭhā amhehi <span class="bld">eka dviti catu</span>iccetesaṃ saṅkhyāsabbanāmānaṃ nāmikapadamālā kathitā, taṃ ṭhapetvā idha asabbanāmānaṃ <span class="bld">pañca cha sattā</span>dīnaṃ saṅkhyānāmānaṃ nāmikapadamālā <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayehi aññehi ca rūpehi yojanatthaṃ vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pañca,</span> pañcahi, pañcabhi, pañcannaṃ, pañcasu. Sattannaṃ vibhattīnaṃ vasena ñeyyaṃ. ‘‘Pañca bhūtā, pañca abhibhavitāro, pañca purisā, pañca bhūmiyo, pañca kaññāyo, pañca bhūtāni, pañca cittānī’’tiādinā sabbattha yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Cha,</span> chahi, chabhi, channaṃ, chasu, chassu itipi. ‘‘Chassu loko samuppanno, chassu krubbati santhava’’nti hi pāḷi. <span class="bld">Satta,</span> sattahi, sattabhi, sattannaṃ, sattasu. <span class="bld">Aṭṭha,</span> aṭṭhahi, aṭṭhabhi, aṭṭhannaṃ, aṭṭhasu. <span class="bld">Nava,</span> navahi, navabhi, navannaṃ, navasu. <span class="bld">Dasa,</span> dasahi, dasabhi, dasannaṃ, dasasu. Evaṃ <span class="bld">ekādasa. Dvādasa, bārasa. Terasa, tedasa, teḷasa. Catuddasa, cuddasa. Pañcadasa, pannarasa. Soḷasa. Sattarasa. Aṭṭhārasa,</span> aṭṭhārasahi, aṭṭhārasabhi, aṭṭhārasannaṃ, aṭṭhārasasu. Sabbametaṃ bahuvacanavasena gahetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ekūnavīsati, ekūnavīsaṃ</span> iccādipi. Ekūnavīsāya, ekūnavīsāyaṃ, ekūnavīsa bhikkhū tiṭṭhanti, ekūnavīsaṃ bhikkhū passati, evaṃ ‘‘kaññāyo cittānī’’ti ca ādinā yojetabbaṃ. Ekūnavīsāya bhikkhūhi dhammo desito, ekūnavīsāya kaññāhi kataṃ, ekūnavīsāya cittehi kataṃ, ekūnavīsāya bhikkhūnaṃ cīvaraṃ deti, ekūnavīsāya kaññānaṃ dhanaṃ deti, ekūnavīsāya cittānaṃ ruccati, ekūnavīsāya bhikkhūhi apeti<a name="M0.0395"></a>. Evaṃ kaññāhi cittehi. Ekūnavīsāya bhikkhūnaṃ santakaṃ, evaṃ kaññānaṃ cittānaṃ. Ekūnavīsāyaṃ bhikkhūsu patiṭṭhitaṃ. Evaṃ ‘‘kaññāsu cittesū’’ti yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Ekūnavīsati,</span> ekūnavīsatiṃ, ekūnavīsatiyā, ekūnavīsatiyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vīsati,</span> vīsatiṃ, vīsatiyā, vīsatiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Vīsa,</span> vīsaṃ, vīsāya, vīsāyaṃ. Tathā <span class="bld">ekavīsa dvāvīsa bāvīsa tevīsa catuvīsa</span> iccādīsupi. <span class="bld">Tiṃsa,</span> tiṃsaṃ, tiṃsāya, tiṃsāyaṃ. <span class="bld">Cattālīsa,</span> cattālīsaṃ, cattālīsāya, cattālīsāyaṃ. <span class="bld">Cattārīsa</span> iccādipi. <span class="bld">Paññāsa,</span> paññāsaṃ, paññāsāya, paññāsāyaṃ. <span class="bld">Paṇṇāsa,</span> paṇṇāsaṃ, paṇṇāsāya, paṇṇāsāyaṃ. <span class="bld">Saṭṭhi,</span> saṭṭhiṃ, saṭṭhiyā, saṭṭhiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Sattati,</span> sattatiṃ, sattatiyā, sattatiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Sattari</span> iccādipi. <span class="bld">Asīti,</span> asītiṃ, asītiyā, asītiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Navuti</span>. Navutiṃ, navutiyā, navutiyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Itthañca aññathāpi saṅkhyārūpāni gahetabbāni. Ekūnavīsehi, ekūnavīsānaṃ, ekūnavīsesu. ‘‘Channavutīna’’nti ca ādināpi saṅkhyārūpānaṃ katthaci dassanato keci saddasatthavidū <span class="bld">ūnavīsati</span>saddaṃ sabbadāpi ekavacanantamitthiliṅgameva payuñjanti. Keci <span class="bld">‘‘vīsati</span>ādayo ā<span class="bld">navuti</span> ekavacanantā itthiliṅgā’’ti vadanti. Keci panāhu –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Saddā saṅkhyeyyasaṅkhāsu, ekatte <span class="bld">vīsatā</span>dayo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saṅkhatthe dvibahuttamhi, tā tu cā<span class="bld">navuti</span>tthiyo’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha dvivacanaṃ chaḍḍetabbaṃ buddhavacane tadabhāvato. Sabbesampi ca tesaṃ yathāvuttavacanaṃ kiñci pāḷippadesaṃ patvā yujjati, kiñci pana patvā na yujjati <span class="bld">vīsativīsaṃtiṃsaṃ</span>iccādīnañhi saṅkhatthānaṃ saddānaṃ bahuvacanappayogavasenapi pāḷiyaṃ dassanato<a name="M0.0396"></a>, <span class="bld">kaccāyane</span> ca <span class="bld">yo</span>vacanasambhūtarūpavantatādassanato. Tasmā yathāsambhavaṃ yathāpāvacanañca itthiliṅgabhāve tesamekavacanantatā veditabbā <span class="bld">atthi natthi</span>saddānaṃ viya.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Atthinatthi</span>saddā hi nipātattā ekattepi bahuttepi pavattanti ‘‘puttā matthi dhanammatthi. Natthi attasamaṃ pemaṃ. Natthi samaṇabrāhmaṇā’’tiādīsu. Aliṅgattepi panetesaṃ katthaci itthiliṅgabhāvo diṭṭho. <span class="bld">Abhidhamme hi dhammasenāpatinā</span> anudhammacakkavattinā vohārakusalena vohārakusalasādhakena ‘‘atthiyā nava. Natthiyā navā’’ti ekavacanantaṃ itthiliṅgarūpaṃ dassitaṃ, tasmā <span class="bld">vīsativīsati</span>miccādīnampi yathāsambhavaṃ yathāpāvacanañca itthiliṅgabhāve ekavacanantatā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattheke ‘‘hetuyā adhipatiyā’’ti ca idaṃ liṅgavipallāsavasena gahetabbaṃ maññanti. Tammativasena ‘‘hetumhi adhipatimhī’’ti pulliṅgabhāvo paṭipādetabbo, ‘‘hetupaccaye adhipatipaccaye’’ iccevattho. Atha vā ‘‘hetuyā adhipatiyā’’ti dvayamidaṃ itthiliṅgarūpapaṭibhāgaṃ pulliṅgarūpanti gahetabbaṃ ‘‘hetuyo jantuyo’’tiādīnaṃ itthiliṅgarūpapaṭibhāgānaṃ pulliṅgarūpānampi vijjamānattā, ‘‘atthiyā natthiyā’’ti idaṃ pana liṅgavipallāsavasena vuttanti na gahetabbaṃ <span class="bld">atthi natthi</span>saddānaṃ aliṅgabhedattā. Na hi <span class="bld">atthi natthi</span>saddā tīsu liṅgesu ekasmimpi antogadhā. Etesu hi <span class="bld">atthi</span>saddo ākhyātanipātavasena bhijjati ‘‘atthi santi saṃvijjati. Atthikhīrā brāhmaṇī’’tiādīsu<a name="M0.0397"></a>, <span class="bld">natthi</span>saddo pana nipātoyeva. Iccevaṃ <span class="bld">atthi natthi</span>saddānaṃ nipātānañca liṅgavacanavasena kathanaṃ yujjati itthiliṅgādivasena ekattādivasena ca appavattanato. Vuttañca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sadisaṃ tīsu liṅgesu, sabbāsu ca vibhattisu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vacanesu ca sabbesu, yaṃ na byeti ta<span class="bld">dabyaya’’</span>nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha siyā – nanu ca bho ‘‘atthi sakkā labbhā iccete paṭhamāyā’’ti vacanato <span class="bld">atthi</span>saddo paṭhamāya vibhattiyā yutto, evaṃ sante kasmā ‘‘sadisaṃ tīsu liṅgesū’’tiādi vuttanti? Saccaṃ <span class="bld">atthi</span>saddo paṭhamāya vibhattiyā yutto, tathā <span class="bld">natthi</span>saddo <span class="bld">atthi</span>saddassa vacanalesena gahetabbattā yugaḷapadattā ca. Idaṃ pana ‘‘sadisaṃ tīsu liṅgesū’’tiādivacanaṃ upasagganipātasaṅkhāte asaṅkhyāsadde sandhāya vuttaṃ, na ekekamasaṅkhyāsaddaṃ sandhāya. Tathā hi ‘‘asaṅkhyā’’ti ca ‘‘abyayā’’ti ca laddhavohāresu upasagganipātesu <span class="bld">upasaggā</span> sabbepi sabbavibhattivacanakā. <span class="bld">Nipātānaṃ</span> pana ekacce paṭhamādīsu yathārahaṃ vibhattiyuttā, ekacce avibhattiyuttā. Tattha ye yadaggena vibhattiyuttā, te tadaggena tabbacanakā. Upasagganipātesu hi paccekaṃ ‘‘idaṃ nāma vacana’’nti laddhuṃ na sakkā, sabbasaṅgāhakavasena pana ‘‘sadisaṃ tīsu liṅgesū’’tiādi pubbācariyehi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Kaccāyanācariyenapi</span> imamevatthaṃ sandhāya ‘‘sabbāsamāvusopasagganipātādīhi cā’’ti vuttaṃ. Na hi <span class="bld">āvuso</span>saddato sabbāpi vibhattiyo labbhanti, atha kho ālapanatthavācakattā ekavacanikaanekavacanikā paṭhamāvibhattiyoyeva labbhanti. Ayamasmākaṃ khanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci <a name="M0.0398"></a> pana sabbehipi nipātehi sabbavibhattilopaṃ vadanti, taṃ na gahetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Atthi sakkā labbhā</span> iccete paṭhamāya. <span class="bld">Divā bhiyyo namo</span> iccete paṭhamāya ca dutiyāya cā’’tiādivacanato, padapūraṇamattānañca avibhattiyuttānaṃ <span class="bld">atha khalu vata vatha</span> iccādīnaṃ nipātānaṃ vacanato. Etthāpi siyā ‘‘nanu ca bho avibhattiyuttānampi nipātānaṃ sambhavato <span class="bld">atthi natthi</span>saddānaṃ avibhattiko niddeso kātabbo, atha kimatthaṃ ‘atthiyā nava, natthiyā navā’ti savibhattiko niddeso kato’’ti? Sabbathā vibhattīhi vinā atthassa niddisitumasakkuṇeyyattāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi evaṃ ‘‘atthi sakkā labbhā iccete paṭhamāyā’’ti vacanato <span class="bld">atthi natthi</span>saddā luttāya paṭhamāya vibhattiyā vasena paṭhamāvibhattikāyeva niddisitabbā, evamakatvā kasmā sattamyantavasena ‘‘atthiyā natthiyā’’ti niddiṭṭhāti? Saccaṃ, <span class="bld">atthi natthi</span>saddā paṭhamāvibhattiyuttāyeva niddisitabbā, tathāpi ‘‘atthipaccaye nava, natthipaccaye navā’’ti etassatthassa paridīpane paṭhamāya okāso natthi, sattamiyāyeva pana atthi, tasmā ‘‘atthiyā nava, natthiyā navā’’ti vuttaṃ. Iti <span class="bld">atthiyānatthiyā</span>saddānaṃ sattamyantabhāve siddheyeva tatiyācatutthīpañcamīchaṭṭhiyantabhāvopi siddhoyeva hoti. Tasmā ‘‘atthibhāvo atthitā’’tiādīsupi atthiyā bhāvo <span class="bld">atthibhāvo,</span> natthiyā bhāvo <span class="bld">natthibhāvo,</span> atthiyā bhāvo <span class="bld">atthitā</span>bhiādinā samāsataddhitaviggaho avassamicchitabbo. Yadidamamhehi vuttaṃ, taṃ ‘‘pāḷiyā virujjhatī’’ti na vattabbaṃ pāḷinayānusārena vuttattāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ hotu, kasmā bho ‘‘atthiyā, natthiyā’’ti itthiliṅganiddeso kato, nanu nipātopasaggā aliṅgabhedāti? Saccaṃ, idaṃ pana ṭhānaṃ atīva sukhumaṃ, tathāpi pubbācariyānubhāvaññeva <a name="M0.0399"></a> nissāya vinicchayaṃ brūma. Yathā hi <span class="bld">vīsati</span>iccādīnaṃ saṅkhyāsaddānaṃ sarūpato adabbavācakattepi dabbavācakānaṃ <span class="bld">latāmatirattiitthī yāguvadhū</span>saddānaṃ viya itthiliṅgabhāvo saddasatthavidūhi anumato, evaṃ adabbavācakattepi <span class="bld">atthi natthi</span>saddānaṃ katthaci itthiliṅgabhāvo saddhammavidūhi anumato. Tenāha āyasmā <span class="bld">dhammasenāpati</span> ‘‘atthiyā nava, natthiyā navā’’ti. Atha vā ‘‘atthiyā, natthiyā’’ti imāni liṅgabhāvavinimuttāni sattamiyantāni nipātapadānītipi gahetabbāni, na ettha codetabbaṃ, evarūpāni nipātapadāni pubbācariyehi vuttāni na santi, tasmā chaḍḍetabbamidaṃ vacananti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pāvacanasmiñhi garūhi aniddiṭṭhānipi anekavihitāni nipātapadāni sandissanti, nāpi ‘‘hetuyā, adhipatiyā, atthiyā, natthiyā’’ti evamādīsu ‘‘apasaddā ime’’ti virodho uppādetabbo. Na hi acinteyyānubhāvena pāramitāpuññena nipphannena anāvaraṇañāṇena sabbaṃ ñeyyamaṇḍalaṃ hatthatale āmalakaṃ viya paccakkhaṃ katvā passato buddhassa vacane aññesaṃ vācāvippalāpo avassaṃ labbhatīti. Nanu ca bho ‘‘hetuyā, adhipatiyā, atthiyā, natthiyā’’ti ca idaṃ <span class="bld">sāriputtatthera</span>vacanaṃ tena nikkhittattā. Tathāgatena hi tāvatiṃsabhapane desitakāle imāni padāni na santi, evaṃ sante kasmā ‘‘buddhavacana’’nti vadathāti? Buddhavacanaṃyeva nāma. Āyasmato hi sāriputtassa tathāgatena nayo dinno, tenapi pabhinnapaṭisambhidena satthukappena aggasāvakena satthu santikā nayaṃ labhitvā byañjanaṃ suropitaṃ kataṃ. Sabbepi hi paṭisambhidappattā ariyā dunniruttiṃ na vadanti niruttipabhedasmiṃ sukusalattā, tasmā aññesamavisayo esa ariyānaṃ vohāroti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="M0.0400"></a> <span class="bld">satā</span>dīnaṃ nāmikapadamālā vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sataṃ,</span> satāni, satā. Sataṃ, satāni, sate. Satena, satehi, satebhi. Satassa, satānaṃ. Satā, satasmā, satamhā, satehi, satebhi. Satassa, satānaṃ. Sate, satasmiṃ, satamhi, satesu. Evaṃ <span class="bld">sahassaṃ,</span> sahassānīti yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Dasasahassaṃ satasahassaṃ dasasatasahassanti</span> etthāpi eseva nayo. Ayaṃ panettha payogo ‘‘sataṃ bhikkhū, sataṃ itthiyo, sataṃ cittāni. Bhikkhūnaṃ sataṃ, itthīnaṃ sataṃ, cittānaṃ sataṃ. Sahassādīsupi eseva nayo. Itthañca aññathāpi saddarūpāni bhavanti. <span class="bld">Koṭi,</span> koṭī, koṭiyo. <span class="bld">Ratti</span>nayena ñeyyaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ekappabhutito yāva, dasakā yā pavattati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saṅkhyā tāva sā saṅkhyeyya-ppadhānāti garū vaduṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vīsatito yāva satā, yā saṅkhyā tāva sā pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saṅkhyāppadhānā saṅkhyeyya-ppadhānāti ca vaṇṇayuṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica –</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Vīsa</span>to yāva <span class="bld">koṭi</span>yā, saṅkhyā tāva hi sā khalu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saṅkhyāppadhānā saṅkhyeyya-ppadhānā cāti niddise.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā hi ‘‘asīti koṭiyo hitvā, hiraññassāpi pabbaji’’nti, ‘‘khīṇāsavā vītamalā, samiṃsu satakoṭiyo’’ti ca pāḷi dissati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne sabbesaṃ saṅkhyāsaddarūpānaṃ pākaṭīkaraṇena viññūnaṃ sukhumañāṇapaṭilābhatthaṃ sāṭṭhakathaṃ <span class="bld">udānapāḷi</span>ppadesaṃ aññañca pāḷippadesamaṭṭhakathāvacanañca āharitvā dassayissāmi –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yesaṃ <a name="M0.0401"></a> kho visākhe sataṃ piyāni, sataṃ tesaṃ dukkhāni, yesaṃ navuti piyāni, navuti tesaṃ dukkhāni. Yesaṃ asīti…pe… yesaṃ sattati. Yesaṃ saṭṭhi. Yesaṃ paññāsaṃ, yesaṃ cattārīsaṃ, yesaṃ tiṃsaṃ. Yesaṃ kho visākhe vīsaṃ piyāni, vīsati tesaṃ dukkhāni. Yesaṃ dasa. Yesaṃ nava. Yesaṃ aṭṭha. Yesaṃ satta. Yesaṃ cha. Yesaṃ pañca. Yesaṃ cattāri. Yesaṃ tīṇi. Yesaṃ dve. Yesaṃ ekaṃ piyaṃ, tesaṃ ekaṃ dukkha’’nti.</p>
<p class="indent">Tattha <span class="bld">sataṃ piyānī</span>ti sataṃ piyāyitabbavatthūni. ‘‘Sataṃ piya’’ntipi keci paṭhanti. Ettha ca yasmā <span class="bld">ekato</span> paṭṭhāya yāva <span class="bld">dasa,</span> tāva saṅkhyāsaṅkhyeyyappadhānā, tasmā ‘‘yesaṃ dasa piyāni, dasa tesaṃ dukkhānī’’tiādinā pāḷi āgatā. Keci pana ‘‘yesaṃ dasa piyānaṃ, dasa tesaṃ dukkhāna’’ntiādinā paṭhanti, taṃ na sundaraṃ. Yasmā pana <span class="bld">vīsati</span>to paṭṭhāya yāva <span class="bld">sataṃ,</span> tāva saṅkhyeyyappadhānā saṅkhyāppadhānā ca, tasmā tatthāpi saṅkhyeyyappadhānaṃyeva gahetvā ‘‘yesaṃ kho visākhe sataṃ piyāni, sataṃ tesaṃ dukkhānī’’tiādinā pāḷi āgatā. Sabbesampi ca yesaṃ ekaṃ piyaṃ, ekaṃ tesaṃ dukkhanti pāṭho, na pana dukkhassāti. Ekasmiñhi padakkame ekarasāva bhagavato desanā hotīti. Tasmā yathāvuttanayāva pāḷi veditabbā. Ayaṃ tāva sāṭṭhakatho udānapāḷippadeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni añño pāḷippadeso aṭṭhakathāpāṭhappadeso ca nīyate –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sataṃ <a name="M0.0402"></a> hatthī sataṃ assā, sataṃ assatarīrathā;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sataṃ kaññā sahassāni, āmukkamaṇikuṇḍalā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ekassa padavītihārassa, kalaṃ nāgghanti soḷasi’’nti</p>
<p class="unindented">Pāḷi. Ettha ‘‘sataṃ hatthī’’tiādīni visesitāni, ‘‘sahassānī’’ti visesanaṃ, tasmā <span class="bld">sataṃ</span>saddaṃ <span class="bld">sahassa</span>saddena yojetvā ‘‘hatthī’’tiādīni pana upapadaṃ katvā attho gahetabbo. Hatthī sataṃ sahassāni. Assā sataṃ sahassāni. Assatarīrathā sataṃ sahassāni. Āmukkamaṇikuṇḍalā kaññā sataṃ sahassāni. Idaṃ saṅkhyeyyappadhānavasenatthagahaṇaṃ. Saṅkhyāppadhānavasena pana ayampi attho gahetabbo ‘‘hatthīnaṃ satasahassaṃ, assānaṃ satasahassaṃ, assatarīrathānaṃ satasahassaṃ, āmukkamaṇikuṇḍalānaṃ kaññānaṃ satasahassa’’nti. Ayaṃ nayo aññesupi īdisesu ṭhānesu netabbo. ‘‘Yojanānaṃ satānucco, himavā pañca pabbato’’ti ayamaṭṭhakathāpāṭho. Ettha ‘‘pañcā’’ti saddaṃ <span class="bld">sata</span>saddena saddhiṃ yojetvā ‘‘sippikānaṃ sataṃ natthī’’ti ettha viya himavā pabbato yojanānaṃ pañca satāni uccoti saṅkhyāppadhānavasena attho gahetabbo. ‘‘Pañca satānī’’ti ca addhuno accantasaṃyogavasena upayogavacanaṃ. Ayaṃ nayo aññesupi īdisesu ṭhānesu netabbo. <span class="bld">Sata</span>miti saddo ‘‘sataṃ homi, sahassaṃ homī’’tiādīsu ekavacano. ‘‘Athetthekasataṃ khatyā, anuyantā yasassino’’tiādīsu bahuvacano. Evaṃ <span class="bld">sahassā</span>dīnampi ekavacanabahuvacanatā labbhati. Tathā hi ‘‘bhiyyo naṃ satasahassaṃ, yakkhānaṃ payirupāsatī’’ti ettha ‘‘satasahassa’’nti ekavacanaṃ. ‘‘Parosahassaṃ kho panassa puttā bhavissantī’’ti ettha <span class="bld">sahassa</span>nti bahuvacananti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kappe <a name="M0.0403"></a> ca satasahasse, caturo ca asaṅkhiye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Amaraṃ nāma nagaraṃ, dassaneyyaṃ manorama’’nti</p>
<p class="unindented">Pāḷi. Ettha ‘‘kappe ca satasahasse caturo ca asaṅkhiyeti sāmiatthe upayogabahuvacanaṃ, tasmā ‘‘mahākappānaṃ satasahassānaṃ catunnaṃ asaṅkhiyānaṃ matthake’’ti attho gahetabbo, ‘‘matthake’’ti cettha vacanaseso. ‘‘Kappasatasahassādhikānaṃ catunnaṃ asaṅkhiyānaṃ matthake’’iccevattho. Ayaṃ nayo aññesupi īdisesu ṭhānesu netabbo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kappe ca satasahasse, caturo ca asaṅkhiye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Etthantare yaṃ caritaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ bodhipācana’’nti</p>
<p class="unindented">Pāḷi. Ettha ‘‘kappe’’ti accantasaṃyogavasena upayogabahuvacanaṃ. ‘‘Satasahasse kappe’’ti <span class="bld">kappa</span>saddasambandhena cāyaṃ pulliṅganiddeso upayoganiddeso ca. Samānādhikaraṇañhi idaṃ <span class="bld">kappa</span>saddena. ‘‘Caturo ca asaṅkhiye’’ti acchantasaṃyogavasena upayogabahuvacanāni. Kassa pana asaṅkhiyeti? Aññassa avuttattā kappassa ca vuttattā pakaraṇato ‘‘kappāna’’nti ayamattho viññāyateva. Na hi vuttaṃ vajjetvā avuttassa kassaci gahaṇaṃ yuttanti. <span class="bld">Ca</span>saddo sampiṇḍanattho ‘‘mahākappānaṃ caturo asaṅkhyeyye satasahasse ca mahākappe’’ti. Ayaṃ nayo aññesupi īdisesu ṭhānesu netabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ghaṭānekasahassāni, kumbhīnañca satā bahū’’ti pāḷi. Ettha <span class="bld">ghaṭā</span>ti ghaṭānaṃ. Sāmiatthe hi idaṃ paccattavacanaṃ. ‘‘Ghaṭānaṃ anekasahassāni’’ iccevattho. <span class="bld">Kumbhīnañca satā bahū</span>ti anekāni ca kumbhīnaṃ satāni. Ettha <span class="bld">ni</span>kāralopo daṭṭhabbo. Ayaṃ nayo aññesupi īdisesu ṭhānesu netabbo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dasavīsasahassānaṃ<a name="M0.0404"></a>, dhammābhisamayo ahu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ekadvinnaṃ abhisamayo, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyo’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Pāḷi. Ettha <span class="bld">dasavīsasahassāna</span>nti dasasahassānaṃ vīsasahassānañca. <span class="bld">Dhammābhisamayo</span>ti catusaccappaṭivedho. <span class="bld">Ekadvinna</span>nti sīsamattakathanaṃ, tena ‘‘ekassa ceva dvinnañca tiṇṇaṃ catunnaṃ…pe… dasanna’’ntiādinā nayena asaṅkhyeyyoti attho. Ayaṃ nayo aññesupi īdisesu ṭhānesu netabbo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Cattāri satasahassāni, chaḷabhiññā mahiddhikā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dīpaṅkaraṃ lokaviduṃ, parivārenti sabbadā’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Pāḷi. Ettha <span class="bld">cattāri satasahassānī</span>ti idaṃ liṅgabhedavasena ‘‘chaḷabhiññā mahiddhikā’’ti imehi dvīhi padehi samānādhikaraṇaṃ. Īdisesu hi ṭhānesu asaṅkhyeyya vācakopi saddo napuṃsakova hoti, tasmā ‘‘cattāri satasahassānī’’ti ca ‘‘chaḷabhiññā’’ti ca ‘‘mahiddhikā’’ti ca etaṃ padattayaṃ samānādhikaraṇaṃ. Atha vā <span class="bld">chaḷabhiññā mahiddhikā</span>ti chaḷabhiññānaṃ mahaddhikānanti sāmiatthe paccattavacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Imasmiṃ panatthe ‘‘cattāri satasahassānī’’ti ayaṃ saṅkhyāvacano bhavati. ‘‘Tīṇi satasahassāni, nāriyo samalaṅkatā’’tiādīsupi ayaṃ nayo netabbo. ‘‘Tā ca satta satā bhariyā, dāsyo satta satāni cā’’ti pāḷi. Ettha <span class="bld">satā</span>ti ‘‘satānī’’ti napuṃsakavasena gahetabbaṃ, na itthiliṅgavasena. ‘‘Satā’’ti hi ‘‘pañca cittā vipākā’’tiādīni viya napuṃsakarūpaṃ. Itthiliṅgabhūtā hi <span class="bld">sata</span>saddo natthi, tathā pulliṅgabhūto. Yadi ca dviliṅgo <span class="bld">sata</span>saddo siyā<a name="M0.0405"></a>, evañca sati ‘‘puriso, kaññā’’ti ca <span class="bld">o</span>kārantapulliṅga<span class="bld">ā</span>kārantitthirūpehipibhavitabbaṃ. Rūpadvayampi <span class="bld">sata</span>saddassa natthi, tena ñāyati <span class="bld">‘‘sata</span>saddo ekantanapuṃsako’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca bho ‘‘tā devatā sattasatā uḷārā’’ti ettha <span class="bld">sata</span>saddo itthiliṅgo hutvā dissatīti? Na, napuṃsakoyevāti. Nanu ca bho <span class="bld">devatā</span>saddena samānādhikaraṇoti? Saccaṃ samānādhikaraṇo, tathāpi napuṃsakoyeva. Īdisesu hi saṅkhyāvisayesu samānādhikaraṇabhāvo appamāṇo. Tathā hi ‘‘pañca paccekabuddhasatāni imasmiṃ isigilismiṃ pabbate ciravāsino ahesu’’nti napuṃsakaliṅgena pulliṅgassa samānādhikaraṇatā dissati, tasmā ‘‘tā devatā sattasatā uḷārā’’ti etthāpi ‘‘sattasatānī’’ti napuṃsakabhāvoyevāti avagantabbo. ‘‘Satta hatthisate datvā’’tiādīsupi <span class="bld">sata</span>saddo napuṃsakoyeva. Ayaṃ nayo aññesupi īdisesu ṭhānesu netabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Navutikoṭisahassehi, parivāresi mahāmunī’’ti pāḷi. Ettha ‘‘navutikoṭisahassehi bhikkhūhī’’ti vā ‘‘bhikkhūnaṃ navutikoṭisahassehī’’ti vā saṅkhyeyyasaṅkhyāpadhānavasena attho gahetabbo. Ayaṃ nayo aññesupi īdisesu ṭhānesu netabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Satasahassavassāni, āyu tassa mahesino’’ti pāḷi. Ettha ‘‘satasahassavassānī’’ti kālassa accantasaṃyogavasena upayogavacanaṃ. Tathā ‘‘dasavassasahassāni, agāra’majjha so vasī’’ti pāḷiyampi. Ayaṃ nayo aññesupi īdisesu ṭhānesu netabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ito <a name="M0.0406"></a> satasahassamhi, kappe uppajji nāyako’’ti pāḷi, ‘‘ekanavute ito kappe’’ti pāḷi ca. Ettha <span class="bld">satasahassamhi kappe</span>ti satasahassānaṃ kappānaṃ matthake. <span class="bld">Ekanavute kappe</span>ti ekanavutiyā kappānaṃ matthaketi bhummavacanassa sāmibhummavacanavasena attho gahetabbo. Tathā hi ‘‘bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’’ti ettha bhummavacanassa ‘‘bhagavato santike’’ti sāmibhummavacanavasena attho gahito. Ayaṃ nayo aññesupi īdisesu ṭhānesu netabbo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yadi tattha sahassāni, satāni nahutāni ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nevamhākaṃ bhayaṃ koci, vane vāḷesu vijjatī’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Pāḷi. Ayametassā attho – tattha vane vāḷānaṃ sahassāni ca satāni ca nahutāni ca yadi vijjanti. Atha vā <span class="bld">sahassāni satānī</span>ti satasahassāni, vāḷānaṃ satasahassāni ca nahutāni ca yadi vijjanti, evaṃ vijjantesupi vāḷesu kocīti kvaci. <span class="bld">Koci</span>saddo hi ‘‘ko te balaṃ mahārājā’’ti ettha <span class="bld">ko</span>saddo viya <span class="bld">kva</span>saddatthe vattati, nimittatthe cāyaṃ niddeso. Tena ‘‘koci kvaci kismiñci vāḷe ekassapi vāḷamigassa kāraṇā nevamhākaṃ bhayaṃ vijjatī’’ti attho gahetabbo. Atha vā <span class="bld">kocī</span>ti kiñci appamattakampi. Ettha pana ‘‘vāḷesū’’ti nimittatthe bhummaṃ. Vāḷānaṃ kāraṇā appamattakampi amhākaṃ bhayaṃ na vijjatīti. Ayaṃ nayo aññesupi īdisesu ṭhānesu netabbo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbaṃ satasahassāni, chattiṃsaparimaṇḍalaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dasañceva sahassāni, aḍḍhuḍḍhāni satāni cā’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Aṭṭhakathāpāṭho<a name="M0.0407"></a>. Ettha yasmā saddato samānavibhattiliṅgavacanānaṃ padānaṃ asamānavibhattiliṅgavacanānaṃ vā atthato pana samānānaṃ dūre ṭhitānampi ekasambandho hoti, itaresaṃ samīpe ṭhitānampi na hoti, tasmā ‘‘sabba’’ntidaṃ ‘‘parimaṇḍala’’ntiminā sambandhitabbaṃ. ‘‘Chattiṃsā’’ti idaṃ pana ‘‘satasahassānī’’timinā sambandhitabbaṃ. Ayaṃ nayo aññesupi īdisesu ṭhānesu netabbo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Duve satasahassāni, cattāri nahutāni ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ettakaṃ bahalattena, saṅkhātāyaṃ vasundharā’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Aṭṭhakathāpāṭho. Ettha ‘‘duve’’ti visesanaṃ, ‘‘satasahassānī’’ti visesitabbaṃ. Tathā ‘‘cattārī’’ti visesanaṃ, ‘‘nahutānī’’ti visesitabbaṃ. Tathā hi ‘‘satasahassāni nahutāni cā’’ti imāni ‘‘duve cattārī’’ti imehi visesitabbattā ‘‘dvisatasahassaṃ catunahuta’’nti atthappakāsanāni bhavanti. Evaṃ santepi ‘‘duve’’iccādīnaṃ saṅkhyāsaddānaṃ ‘‘satasahassānī’’tiādīhi saṅkhyāsaddehi samānādhikaraṇatā pubbācariyehi na vuttā. Yasmā pana yathā ‘‘duve puthujjanā vuttā. Satasahassaṃ bhikkhū’’tiādīsu samānādhikaraṇatā labbhati dabbavācakattā visesitabbapadānaṃ, na tathā ‘‘duve satasahassānī’’tiādīsu adabbavācakattā visesitabbapadānaṃ, tasmā īdisesu ṭhānesu samānādhikaraṇatā na icchitabbā yuttiyā abhāvato. Yadi evaṃ ‘‘kusalā, rūpaṃ, cakkhumā’’tiādīnaṃ viya imesamaññamaññasambandharahitā siyāti? Na, visesanavisesitabbabhāvena gahitattā. Yajjevaṃ samānādhikaraṇabhāvo laddhabboti? Na, niyamābhāvato. Ekantena hi <a name="M0.0408"></a> guṇaguṇīnaṃyeva visesanavisesitabbānaṃ samānādhikaraṇabhāvo, na itaresaṃ visesanavisesitabbattepi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha ‘‘ettaka’’nti pamāṇavacanaṃ. ‘‘Bahalattenā’’ti visesane tatiyā. Ubhayena imamatthaṃ dasseti ‘‘ayaṃ vasundharā bahalattena yojanānaṃ duve satasahassāni cattāri nahutāni ca ettakaṃ saṅkhātā’’ti. ‘‘Ettaka’’nti padassa ca ‘‘duve satasahassāni cattāri nahutāni cā’’ti imehi vā ‘‘vasundharā’’ti iminā vā samānādhikaraṇatā na icchitabbā. <span class="bld">Ettaka</span>nti hi bhāvanapuṃsakaṃ, yaṃ saddasatthe kriyāvisesananti vadanti. Tassa ‘‘ettakena pamāṇena’’iccevattho. Apica ‘‘duve satasahassāni cattāri na hutāni cā’’ti imesampi ‘‘vasundharā’’ti iminā samānādhikaraṇatā na icchitabbā ‘‘bhikkhūnaṃ sata’’nti ettha <span class="bld">sata</span>saddassa viya saṅkhyāvacanamattattā. Tathā hi ‘‘ettaka’’nti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Saṅkhātā’’ti pana ‘‘aya’’nti ca imesaṃ ‘‘vasundharā’’ti iminā samānādhikaraṇatā labbhati. Sabbopāyaṃ nayo aññesupi īdisesu ṭhānesu netabbo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dasettha rājiyo setā, dassanīyā manoramā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Cha piṅgalā pannarasa, haliddā tā catuddasā’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Pāḷi. Ettha <span class="bld">cha piṅgalā pannarasā</span>ti cha ca pannarasa cāti ekavīsati piṅgalā rājiyoti attho gahetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Puttāpi tassa bahavo, ‘ekanāmā’ti me sutaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Asīti dasa eko ca, indanāmā mahabbalā’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Pāḷi<a name="M0.0409"></a>. Ettha pana ‘‘ekanavutī’’ti vattabbe ‘‘asīti dasa eko cā’’ti vuttaṃ. Vicitrasaddaracanañhi pāvacanaṃ. Ayaṃ nayo aññesupi īdisesu ṭhānesu netabbo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tiṃsapurisanāvutyo, sabbevekekaniccitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yesaṃ samaṃ na passāmi, kevalaṃ mahi’maṃ cara’’nti</p>
<p class="unindented">Pāḷi. Ettha ‘‘purisānaṃ tiṃsasahassāni navuti ca satāni tiṃsa nāvutyo’’ti vuccanti. Imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne <span class="bld">tiṃsa</span>saddato <span class="bld">sahassa</span>saddassa <span class="bld">navuti</span>saddato ca <span class="bld">sata</span>saddassa lopaṃ katvā ‘‘tiṃsa nāvutyo’’ti vuttanti na gahetabbaṃ. Evañhi gahaṇe sati yattha katthacipi edisī saddaracanā kātabbā siyā, katāya ca edisāya saddaracanāya atthāvagamo vinā upadesena suṇantānaṃ na siyā, tasmā nevaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Evaṃ pana gahetabbaṃ – ‘‘tiṃsa nāvutyo’’ti idaṃ lokasaṅketarūḷhaṃ vacanaṃ, saṅketarūḷhassa pana vacanassattho yasmā gahitapubbasaṅketehi sutvā ñāyate, na upadesato, tasmā brahmadattena raññā vuttakālepi satthārā taṃ kathaṃ āharitvā vuttakālepi sabbe manussā vināpi upadesena vacanatthaṃ jānantīti gahetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tiṃsañceva sahassāni, navuti ca satāni tu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tiṃsa nāvutiyo nāma, vuttā umaṅgajātake.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yasmā pāvacane santi, nayā ceva acintiyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vohārā ca suguḷhatthā, dayāpannena desitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā sāṭṭhakathe dhīro, gambhīre jinabhāsite;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Upadesaṃ sadā gaṇhe, garuṃ sammā upaṭṭhahaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Garūpadesahīno hi, atthasāraṃ na vindati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atthasāravihīno so, saddhammā parihāyati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Garūpadesalābhī <a name="M0.0410"></a> ca, atthasārasamāyuto;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saddhammaṃ paripālento, saddhammasmā na hāyati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saddhammatthāya me tasmā, saṅkhyāmālāpi bhāsitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sappayogā yathāyogaṃ, sahevatthavinicchayā.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti navaṅge sāṭṭhakathe piṭakattaye byappathagatīsu viññūnaṃ</p>
<p class="centered">Kosallatthāya kate saddanītippakaraṇe</p>
<p class="centered">Savinicchayo saṅkhyānāmānaṃ nāmikapadamālāvibhāgo</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nāma</p>
<p class="centered">Terasamo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="chapter">14. Atthattikavibhāga</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Bhū</span>dhātu tāya nipphanna-rūpañcāti idaṃ dvayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Katvā padhānamamhehi, sabbametaṃ papañcitaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Bhavati</span>ssa vasā dāni, vakkhāmatthattikaṃ varaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atthuddhāro <span class="bld">tu</span>mantañca, <span class="bld">tvā</span>diyantaṃ tikaṃ idha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmā tāva <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātuto pavattassa <span class="bld">bhūta</span>saddassa atthuddhāro nīyate –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Khandhasattāmanussesu, vijjamāne ca dhātuyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Khīṇāsave rukkhādimhi, <span class="bld">bhūta</span>saddo pavattati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Uppāde cāpi viññeyyo, <span class="bld">bhūta</span>saddo vibhāvinā;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Vipule sopasaggoyaṃ, hīḷane vidhamepi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Parājaye vediyane, nāme pākaṭatāya ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vuttañhetaṃ – <span class="bld">bhūta</span>saddo pañcakkhandhāmanussadhātuvijjamānakhīṇāsavasattarukkhādīsu dissati. ‘‘Bhūtamidanti bhikkhave samanupassathā’’tiādīsu hi ayaṃ pañcakkhandhesu dissati. ‘‘Yānīdha <a name="M0.0411"></a> bhūtāni samāgatānī’’ti ettha amanusse. ‘‘Cattāro kho bhikkhu mahābhūtā hetū’’ti ettha dhātūsu. ‘‘Bhūtasmiṃ pācittiya’’ntiādīsu vijjamāne. ‘‘Yo ca kālaghaso bhūto’’ti ettha khīṇāsave. ‘‘Sabbeva nikkhipissanti, bhūtā loke samussaya’’nti ettha satte. ‘‘Bhūtagāmapātabyatāyā’’ti ettha rukkhādīsūti. <span class="bld">Mūlapariyāyasuttaṭṭhakathāya</span> vacanaṃ idaṃ. <span class="bld">Ṭīkāya</span>mādisaddena uppādādīni gayhare. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘jātaṃ bhūtaṃ saṅkhata’’ntiādīsu <span class="bld">bhūta</span>saddo uppāde dissati. Saupasaggo pana ‘‘pabhūtamariyo pakaroti puñña’’ntiādīsu vipule. ‘‘Yebhuyyena bhikkhūnaṃ paribhūtarūpo’’tiādīsu hīḷane. ‘‘Sambhūto sāṇavāsī’’tiādīsu paññattiyaṃ. ‘‘Abhibhūto māro vijito saṅgāmo’’tiādīsu vidhamane. ‘‘Parābhūtarūpokho ayaṃ acelo pāthikaputto’’tiādīsu parājaye. ‘‘Anubhūtaṃ sukhadukkha’’ntiādīsu vediyane. ‘‘Vibhūtaṃ paññāyā’’tiādīsu pākaṭīkaraṇe dissati, te sabbe ‘‘rukkhādīsū’’tiādisaddena saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">tu</span>mantapadāni vuccante –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhavituṃ, ubbhavituṃ, samubbhavituṃ, pabhavituṃ, parābhavituṃ, atibhavituṃ, sambhavituṃ, vibhavituṃ, bhotuṃ, sambhotuṃ, vibhotuṃ, pātubhavituṃ, pātubbhavituṃ vā, pātubhotuṃ. Imāni akammakāni <span class="bld">tu</span>mantapadāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paribhotuṃ <a name="M0.0412"></a> paribhavituṃ, abhibhotuṃ abhibhavituṃ, adhibhotuṃ adhibhavituṃ, atibhotuṃ atibhavituṃ, anubhotuṃ anubhavituṃ, samanubhotuṃ samanubhavituṃ, abhisambhotuṃ abhisambhavituṃ. Imāni sakammakāni <span class="bld">tu</span>mantapadāni, sabbānetāni suddhakattari bhavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Bhāvetuṃ, pabhāvetuṃ, sambhāvetuṃ, vibhāvetuṃ, paribhāvetuṃ’’iccevamādīni hetukattari <span class="bld">tu</span>mantapadāni, sabbānipi hetukattari <span class="bld">tu</span>mantapadāni sakammakāniyeva bhavanti. Uddesoyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra samānatthapadesu ekamevādipadaṃ gahetvā niddeso kātabbo – <span class="bld">bhavitu</span>nti hotuṃ vijjituṃ paññāyituṃ sarūpaṃ labhituṃ. Ettha vuttanayānusārena sesānampi <span class="bld">tu</span>mantānaṃ niddeso vitthāretabbo, sabbāni <span class="bld">tu</span>mantapadāni catutthiyatthe vattanti ‘‘tvaṃ mama cittamaññāya, nettaṃ yācitumāgato’’ti ettha viya. <span class="bld">Yācitu</span>nti hi yācanatthāyāti attho. Tasmā <span class="bld">bhavitu</span>ntiādīnampi ‘‘bhavanatthāyā’’ti vā ‘‘bhavanattha’’nti vā ‘‘bhavanāyā’’ti vā ādinā attho gahetabbo. Apica ‘‘nekkhammaṃ daṭṭhu khemato’’ti ettha ‘‘daṭṭhu’’nti padassa ‘‘disvā’’ti atthadassanato yathārahaṃ <span class="bld">tu</span>mantāni <span class="bld">tvā</span>saddantapadatthavasenapi gahetabbāni. Etāni ca nipātapadesu saṅgahaṃgacchanti. Vuttañhi <span class="bld">niruttipiṭake</span> nipātapadaparicchede ‘‘tuṃ iti catutthiyā’’ti. Tatrāyamattho ‘‘tuṃ iti etadanto nipāto catutthiyā atthe vattatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">Tu</span>mantakathā samattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="M0.0413"></a> <span class="bld">tvā</span>diyantapadāni vuccante –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhavitvā, bhavitvāna, bhavituna, bhaviya, bhaviyāna. Ubbhavitvā, ubbhavitvāna, ubbhavituna, ubbhaviya, ubbhaviyāna. Esa nayo ‘‘samubbhavitvā, parābhavitvā, sambhavitvā, vibhavitvā, pātubbhavitvā’’ti etthāpi. Imāni akammakāni ussukkanatthāni <span class="bld">tvā</span>diyantapadāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhutvā, bhutvāna, paribhavitvā, paribhavitvāna, paribhavituna, paribhaviya, paribhaviyāna, paribhuyya. Abhibhavitvā, abhibhavitvāna, abhibhavituna, abhibhaviya, abhibhaviyāna, abhibhuyya. Esa nayo ‘‘adhibhavitvā, atibhavitvā, anubhavitvā’’ti etthāpi. Idañcettha nidassanaṃ. ‘‘Tamavoca rājā anubhaviyāna tampi, eyyāsi khippaṃ ahamapi pūjaṃ kassa’’nti. Anubhutvā, anubhutvāna. Adhibhotvā, adhibhotvāna.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Saṭṭhi kappasahassāni, devaloke ramissati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Aññe deve adhibhotvā, issaraṃ kārayissatī’’ti</p>
<p class="unindented">Idamettha pāḷinidassanaṃ, imāni sakammakāni ussukkanatthāni <span class="bld">tvā</span>diyantapadāni. Imāni cattāri suddhakattariyeva bhavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Bhāvetvā, bhāvetvāna. Pabhāvetvā, pabhāvetvāna. Sambhāvetvā, sambhāvetvāna. Vibhāvetvā, vibhāvetvāna. Paribhāvetvā, paribhāvetvāna’’iccevamādīni sakammakāni ussukkanatthāni <span class="bld">tvā</span>diyantapadāni hetukattariyeva bhavanti. Uddesoyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra samānatthapadesu ekamevādipadaṃ gahetvā niddeso kātabbo – <span class="bld">bhavitvā</span>ti hutvā paññāyitvā sarūpaṃ labhitvā. Evaṃ vuttanayānusārena sesānampi <span class="bld">tvā</span>diyantapadānaṃ niddeso vitthāretabbo. Ayaṃ pana viseso <a name="M0.0414"></a> <span class="bld">bhutvā</span>ti sampattiṃ anubhutvāti sakammakavasena attho gahetabbo. <span class="bld">Bhutvā anubhutvā</span>ti imesañhi samānatthataṃ saddhammavidū icchanti. Atridaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhutvā bhutvāna’’iccete, ‘‘anubhutvā’’timassa hi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atthaṃ sūcenti ‘‘hutvā’’ti, padassa pana neva te.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Keci ‘‘bhūtvā’’ti dīghattaṃ, tassa icchanti sāsane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dīghatā rassatā ceva, dvayampetaṃ padissati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saddasatthe ca ‘‘bhūtvā’’ti, dīghattasañhitaṃ padaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Bhavitvā’’ti padassatthaṃ, dīpeti na tu sāsane.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Hutvā’’iti padaṃyeva, dīpeti jinasāsane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Bhavitvā’’ti padassatthaṃ, natthi aññattha taṃ padaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Iccevaṃ savisesantu, vacanaṃ sāradassinā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sāsane saddasatthe ca, viññunā pekkhitabbakaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ ussukkanatthe pavattāni <span class="bld">tvā</span>diyantapadānipi niddiṭṭhāni, sabbānetāni avibhattikānīti gahetabbāni. <span class="bld">Niruttipiṭake</span> hi nipātaparicchede avibhattikāni katvā <span class="bld">tvā</span>diyantapadāni vuttāni. Saddatthavidūnaṃ pana mate paṭhamādivibhattivasena savibhattikāni bhavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imasmiñca pana <span class="bld">tvā</span>diyantādhikāre idañcupalakkhitabbaṃ – bhutvā gacchati, bhutvā gato, bhutvā gamissasi, kasitvā vapati. Umaṅgā nikkhamitvāna, vedeho nāvamāruhi. Bhutvāna bhikkhu bhikkhassu iccādī samānakattukānaṃ dhātūnaṃ <span class="bld">pubbakāle tvā</span>disaddappayogā. ‘‘Bhutvā gacchatī’’ti ettha hi ‘‘bhutvā’’ti idaṃ pubbakālakriyādīpakaṃ padaṃ. ‘‘Gacchatī’’ti idaṃ pana uttarakālakriyādīpakaṃ, samānakattukāni cetāni padāni ekakattukānaṃ kriyānaṃ vācakattā. Tathā hettha yo gamanakriyāya <a name="M0.0415"></a> kattā, so eva bhuñjanakriyāya kattubhūto daṭṭhabbo. Ayaṃ nayo aññatrāpi īdisesu ṭhānesu netabbo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Andhakāraṃ nihantvāna, uditoyaṃ divākaro;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vaṇṇaṃ paññāvabhāsehi, obhāsetvā samuggato’’</p>
<p class="unindented">Iccādīnipi pana samānakattukānaṃ <span class="bld">samānakāle tvā</span>disaddappayogā. Ettha hi ‘‘nihantvānā’’ti padaṃ samānakālakriyādīpakaṃ padaṃ. ‘‘Udito’’ti idaṃ pana uttarakālakriyādīpakaṃ padanti na vattabbaṃ samānakālakriyāya idhādhippetattā. Tasmāyeva samānakālakriyādīpakaṃ padanti gahetabbaṃ. Ayaṃ nayo aññatrāpi īdisesu ṭhānesu netabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci pana ‘‘mukhaṃ byādāya sayati, akkhiṃ parivattetvā passatī’’ti udāharanti. Apare ‘‘nisajja adhīte, ṭhatvā kathetī’’ti. Tattha byādānaparivattanuttarakālo byādānūpasamalakkhaṇaṃ passanakriyāya lakkhiyati. ‘‘Nisajja adhīte, ṭhatvā kathetī’’ti ca samānakālatāyapi ajjhenakathanehi pubbepi nisajjaṭṭhānāni hontīti sakkā pubbuttarakālatā sambhāvetuṃ, tasmā purimāniyeva udāharaṇāni yuttāni. Udayasamakālameva hi tannivattanīyanivattananti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Dvāramāvaritvā pavisati’’iccādi samānakattukānaṃ <span class="bld">aparakāle tvā</span>disaddappayogo. Yasmā panettha pavisanakriyā purimā, āvaraṇakriyā pana pacchimā, tasmā ‘‘āvaritvā’’ti idaṃ aparakālakriyādīpakaṃ padanti veditabbaṃ. ‘‘Pavisatī’’ti idaṃ pana pubbakālakriyādīpakaṃ padanti. Ayaṃ nayo <a name="M0.0416"></a> aññatrāpi īdisesu ṭhānesu netabbo. Apare ‘‘dha’nti kacca patito daṇḍo’’ti udāharaṇanti. Abhighātabhūtasamāyoge pana abhighātajasaddassa samānakālatā ettha labbhatīti idhāpi purimāniyeva udāharaṇāni yuttānīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Pisācaṃ disvā cassa bhayaṃ hoti. Paññāya cassa disvā āsavā parikkhīṇā’’iccādi <span class="bld">asamāne</span> kattari payogo. Ettha hi pisācaṃ disvā purisassa bhayaṃ hoti, paññāya disvā assa puggalassa āsavā parikkhīṇā. Evaṃ samānakattukatā dhātūnaṃ na labbhati dassanakriyāya purisesu pavattanato, bhavanādikriyāya ca bhayādīsu pavattanatoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ayaṃ nayo aññatrāpi īdisesu ṭhānesu netabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idampi panettha upalakkhitabbaṃ ‘‘appatvā nadiṃ pabbato, atikkamma pabbataṃ nadī’’iccādi <span class="bld">parāparayogo</span>. ‘‘Sīhaṃ disvā bhayaṃ hoti, ghataṃ pivitvā balaṃ jāyate, ‘dha’nti katvā daṇḍo patito’’iccādi <span class="bld">lakkhaṇahetuādippayogo</span>. ‘‘Nhatvā gamanaṃ, bhutvā sayanaṃ. Upādāya rūpa’’miccāpi <span class="bld">byattayena saddasiddhippayogo</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iccevaṃ sabbathāpi samānakattukānaṃ dhātūnaṃ pubbakāle <span class="bld">tvā</span>disaddappayogo, samānakattukānaṃ samānakāle <span class="bld">tvā</span>disaddappayogo, samānakattukānaṃ aparakāle <span class="bld">tvā</span>disaddappayogo, asamānakattukānaṃ <span class="bld">tvā</span>disaddappayogo, parāparayogo<a name="M0.0417"></a>, lakkhaṇahetuādippayogo, byattayena saddasiddhippayogoti sattadhā <span class="bld">tvā</span>diyantānaṃ padānaṃ payogo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi evaṃ kasmā <span class="bld">kaccāyane</span> ‘‘pubbakālekakattukānaṃ tuna tvāna tvā vā’’ti pubbakāleyeva ekakattukaggahaṇaṃ katanti? Yetuyyena <span class="bld">tvā</span>diyantānaṃ padānaṃ purimakālakriyādīpanato. Kaccāyane hi yebhuyyena pavattiṃ sandhāya ‘‘pubbakālekakattukāna’’nti vuttaṃ. Yasmā pana ‘‘iti katvā’’tiādīnaṃ padānaṃ hetuatthavasenapi pubbācariyehi attho saṃvaṇṇito, tasmā ‘‘bhavitvā’’tiādīnaṃ <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhātumayānaṃ <span class="bld">tvā</span>disaddantānaṃ padānaṃ aññesañca ‘‘pacitvā’’tiādīnaṃ yathāpayogaṃ ‘‘bhavanahetu pacanahetū’’tiādinā hetuatthopi gahetabbo. Atridaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Hetutthepi yato honti, saddā ussukkanatthakā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā hetuvasenāpi, vadeyyatthaṃ vicakkhaṇo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Iti katvā’’ti saddassa, atthasaṃvaṇṇanāsu hi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Iti karaṇahetū’’ti, attho dhīrehi gayhati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Gacchāmi dāni nibbānaṃ, yattha gantvā na socati’’;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Iti pāṭhepi hetuttho, gayhate pubbaviññubhi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yasmiṃ nibbāne gamana-hetū’’ti hi kathīyate;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Hetutthevaṃ yathāyoga-maññatrāpi ayaṃ nayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <span class="bld">bhūta</span>saddassa atthuddhāro ca <span class="bld">tu</span>mantapadañca <span class="bld">tvā</span>diyantapadañcāti atthattikaṃ vibhattaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yo <a name="M0.0418"></a> imamatthatikaṃ suvibhattaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Kaṇṇarasāyanamāgamikānaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Dhārayate sa bhave gatakaṅkhā,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pāvacanamhi gate sukhumatthe.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti navaṅge sāṭṭhakathe piṭakattaye byappathagatīsu viññūnaṃ</p>
<p class="centered">Kosallatthāya kate saddanītippakaraṇe</p>
<p class="centered">Atthattikavibhāgo nāma</p>
<p class="centered">Cuddasamo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="centered">Evaṃ nānappakārato <span class="bld">bhū</span>dhāturūpāni dassitāni.</p>
<p class="centered">Padamālā niṭṭhitā.</p>
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