Compound Definitions 复合定义

Note 注意(1):

Some compound members, such as prefixes and certain primary derivatives, cannot stand alone as separate words; in this case, their synonyms having the status of an independent expression should be used in the definition.
一些复合成员，如前缀和某些初级派生词，不能作为单独的词独立存在；在这种情况下，应在定义中使用具有独立表达式地位的同义词。

A. Kammadhāraya (Adjectival Compounds形容词复合词，持业释)

A definition for this type: 此类型的定义：

a. has both members in nominative case, both singular or both plural and

两个组分都是主格，都是单数或复数

b. the whole compound follows the last member in case, gender and number.

整个复合词跟随最后一个成员的格、性和数。

A.1visesana-pubbapada 定语前置

uttama = A_mod

purisa = A_sub

sense中心語, gender性 & number数

A_mod + A_sub → A_sub

Relation關係

A_mod → A_sub

Def. 定义

uttamo ca so puriso cāti (ca + iti) uttamapuriso

note注:

When two members are different in gender, the inserted pronoun ta must agree with the first one.

当两个成员的性别不同时，插入的代词ta必须与第一个成员一致。

graph LR
A["so"]--NIO<br>被描述-定性<br>普通-->B["uttamo"]
A--NIO<br>被描述-定性<br>普通-->C["puriso"]
A--NIO<br>被描述-定性<br>普通-->D["uttamapuriso"]
E["iti"]--CAU<br>归因关系-->D

trs.译文

"He (is) noble and a man too, therefore, (he is) uttamapurisa by name."

“他(是)高贵，也是一个人，因此，他名叫是贵人。”

or或

uttamo puriso uttamapuriso

graph LR;
A["uttamo"]--IAD<br>形容关系-->B["puriso"];
B--NID<br>被命名-命名-->C["uttamapuriso"]

trs.译文

" (The / A) noble man (is) uttamapurisa by name."
“高尚的人叫uttamapurisa。”

or或

 (yo) uttamo hutvā puriso (hoti). (so ) uttamapuriso.

graph LR;
A["yo"]--DISO-P<br>主-系-->B["hutvā"];
A--DISO-P<br>主-系-->C["hoti"]
D["uttamo"]--DISO-S<br>表-系-->B
E["puriso"]--DISO-S<br>表-系-->C
B--ADV<br>動詞修飾詞-動詞-->C

graph LR;
F["so"]--NIO<br>被描述-定性-->G["uttamapuriso"]

trs.译文

" (The one who is) noble and (who is) a man, (he is) uttamapurisa by name."
“变得高尚(的)男人，(他)以uttamapurisa为名。”

A.2 visesana-uttarapada 定语后置

sāriputta (name of a monk僧名) = A_sub

thera (senior monk高僧) = A_mod

sense中心語

A_sub + A_mod---->A_sub

gender & number 性&数

A_sub + A_mod---->A_mod

Relation關係

A_mod → A_sub

Definitions are the same as the first format. 定义与第一种格式相同。

sāriputto ca so thero cāti sāriputtatthero

"He (is ) Sāriputta (by name) and a senior monk too, therefore, (he is) sāriputtatthera by name."
“他(名为)Sāriputta且是一位高年资僧侣，因此，(他)以sāriputtatthera(为)名。“。
```
sāriputto thero sāriputtatthero
```
"The senior monk Sāriputta (is) sāriputtatthera by name."
“The资深和尚Sāriputta 以 sāriputtathera为名。“。
```
(yo) sāriputto hutvā thero sāriputtatthero
```
" (The one who is) Sāriputta and (who is) a senior monk, (he is) sāriputtatthera by name."
“(谁是)Sāriputta和(谁)，他是一位高级僧侣，他的名字叫āriputtalthera。“。

A.3 visesana-ubhayapada 双重定语

[ kata (the (work) finished已做) = A_mod1] + [ akata = (the (work) not yet finished未做) = A_mod2]

A_mod1 + A_mod2---->A_sub (sense, gender & number中心語、性与数)

A_mod1---->A_sub (Identity relation认定/一致关系)

A_mod2---->A_sub (Identity relation认定/一致关系)

Definitions are the same as the first format except the second: 定义与第一种格式相同，但第二种格式除外：

kataṃ ca taṃ akataṃ cāti katākataṃ

"It (is ) finished and not yet finished too, therefore, (it is) katākata by name."
“它(已经)完成，也尚未完成，因此，(它就是)katākata的名字。“。
```
(yaṃ) kataṃ hutvā akataṃ katākataṃ
```
" (The one which is) finished and (which is) not finished, (it is) katākata by name.
“(已完成的那个)和没有完成(的)，(它是)katākata的名字。

A.4 upamāna-uttarapada 比喻后置

[ muni (the monk僧) = A_sub ] + [ sīha (lion狮子) = A_com]

A_com---->A_sub (Figurative identity relation 比喻身份关系)

(yo) sīho viya / iva (hoti) iti (so) sīho.

[sīha + a (sec. derivative of comparison sense二次派生的譬喻)]

graph LR;
A["yo"]--DASO-P-->B["hoti"]
C["sīho"]--DASO-S-->B
D["so"]--NID-->C

trs译文：

The one who is like a lion, he is sīha by name.
就是那个像狮子一样的人，他的名字叫sīha。
```
muni ca so sīho cāti munisīho.
```
trs译文：
"He (is) a monk and lion-like too, therefore, (he is) munisīha by name."
“他既是一个僧侣又像狮子一样，因此，他的名为munisīha。”

A.5 sambhāvanā-pubbapada 混合组分前置

[pāṇa (living being生物) =A + iti + saññā (perception认定/想) = B]

graph LR;
A["A + iti"]--Identity relation认定/一致关系-->B;

pāṇo iti saññā pāṇasaññā.

graph LR;

A["pāṇo iti"] --IAD--> B["saññā"];
B --NID<br>被命名-命名-->C["pāṇasaññā"];

trs译文：

" The perception (forming) as 'living being' is saññā by name."
“认定为‘生物’。”

A.6 avadhāraṇa-pubbapada 强调部分前置

[sīla (morality品德) = A + eva + dhana (property财产) = B]

graph LR;

A["(A + eva)"]--Emphasized identity relation强调的同一性关系-->B

sīlaṃ eva dhanaṃ sīladhanaṃ.

graph LR;
A["sīlaṃ(eva)"]--IAD-->B["dhanaṃ"]
B--NID<br>被命名-命名-->C[sīladhanaṃ]

trs译文：

"The property that is only morality (is) sīladhana by name.
“只有道德的财产才是sīladhana的名字。

A.7 pādi-pubbapada / kunipātapubbapada 前缀

[ pa (praiseworthy值得表扬) = A_ind + vacana (discourse话语) = A_sub]

Aind A_sub (identity relation认定/一致性关系)

pasaṭṭhaṃ ca taṃ vacanaṃ cāti pāvacanaṃ

" It (is) praiseworthy and a discourse too, therefore, (it is) pāvacana by name.
“它(是)值得称赞，也是一种论述，因此，(它是)pāVacana的名字。
```
pasaṭṭhaṃ vacanaṃ pāvacanaṃ
```
The praiseworthy discourse (is) pāvacana by name.

The 值得称赞的以pāvacana(为)名。

(yaṃ) pasaṭṭhaṃ hutvā vacanaṃ pāvacanaṃ

(The one which is) praiseworthy and (which is) a discourse, (it is) pāvacana by name.
(值得称赞的人)。(这是)一个话语，(它是)pāvacana的名字。

Note注：

The first member Pa is a prefix; it cannot stand alone as a separate word. 第一个成员Pa是一个前缀；它不能单独作为一个单独的单词。
Accordingly, its synonym pasaṭṭha, an ordinary noun, is used in the definition. 因此，在定义中使用了它的同义词pasaṭṭha，这是一个普通的名词。

B. Digu (Numeral Compounds数词复合词/代数释)

A definition for this type has: 此类型的定义有：

a. the first member as a numeral and both members singular or plural number,

第一个成员为数字，并且两个成员都是单数或复数，

b. both members in nominative case for asamāhāra type B.Asamāhāra类型的两个成员均为主格。
c. both members in nominative case (with or without the inserted word samāhaṭa) C.两个成员均为主格(带或不带插入单词Samāhaṭa)。
- OR in genitive case (with the inserted word samāhāra) for samāhāra type.
或者在所有格中(插入单词samāhāra)表示samāhāra类型。
e. the whole compound having the nominative case (AND) {following the last member in gender and number for asamāhāra type (or) having neutral gender, singular number for samāhāra type}.

即具有主格的整个复合词(和){在最后一个后面。具有中性性别的ASAMāhāRa类型(或)的性别和号码成员，Samāhāra类型的单数。

E.g.例如：

[ti (three) = Anum + loka (world) = Asub ]

Anum Asub (Identity relation认定/一致性关系)

tayo ca te lokā cāti tilokā (asamāhāra type型) / tilokaṃ (samāhāra type型)

graph LR;
A["te"]--NIO-->B["tayo"]
A--NIO-->C["lokā"]
A--NID<br>被命名-命名-->D["tilokā/tilokaṃ"]
E["iti"]--CAU-->D

trs译文：

" They (are) three and worlds too, therefore, (they are) tiloka by name."

“他们也是三个世界，因此，他们的名字叫三界。”

tayo lokā tilokā (asamāhāra type型)
OR或
tayo lokā tilokaṃ (samāhāra type型)

graph LR;
A["tayo"]--IAD-->B["lokā"]
B--NID<br>被命名-命名-->C["tilokā/tilokaṃ"]

trs.译文：

" Three worlds (are) tiloka by name."

“三个世界叫三界。”

tayo lokā samāhaṭā tilokaṃ

This format for samāhāra type only此格式仅适用于Samāhāra类型

graph LR;
A["tayo"]--IAD-->B["lokā"]
B--NID<br>被命名-命名-->C["tilokā/tilokaṃ"]
D["samāhaṭā"]--IAD-->B

trs.译文

" Three worlds combined (are) tiloka by name."

“三个世界按名字合并在一起是蒂洛卡。”

tiṇṇaṃ lokānaṃ samāhāro tilokaṃ

(This format also for samāhāra type only 此格式也仅适用于Samāhāra类型)

graph LR;
A["tiṇṇaṃ"]--IAD-->B["lokānaṃ"]
B--POS-->C["samāhāro"]
C--NID<br>被命名-命名-->D["tilokaṃ"]

trs.译文

" The collection of three worlds (is) tiloka by name."
“三个世界的集合(是)Tiloka的名字。”

C. Tappurisa (Dependent Determinative Compounds 根据限定词的复合词/依主释)

A definition for this type has 此类型的定义有：

a. the first member in one of six cases, namely, accusative, instrumental, dative, ablative, genitive and locative cases,

六种情况之一的第一成员，即宾格、工具格、与格、来源格，所有格和方位格，

b. the second member and the whole compound in nominative case.

第二个成员和整个复合词的主格。

A. With Accusative relation 带有宾语关系

[(arañña (forest) = A + gata (the one who goes) = B ] [(Arañña(森林)=A+Gata(去的那个人)=B]。

graph LR;
A--Acc-->B

araññaṃ gato araññagato.

graph LR;
A["araññaṃ"]--IOV-->B["gato"]
B--NID<br>被命名-命名-->C["araññagato"]

trs.译文

" The one who goes (to) forest (is) araññagata by name."
“那个去森林的人被称为araññagata。”

[(kamma (work) = A + kāra (the one who does) = B ] [(卡玛(工作)=A+kāra(做工作的人)=B]。

graph LR;
A--Acc-->B

(yo) kammaṃ karoti / kato iti (so) kammakāro.

graph LR;
A["yo"]--ASV-->B["karoti/kato"]
C["kammaṃ"]--IOV-->B
D["iti"]--CAU-->E["kammakāro"]
F["so"]--NID<br>被命名-命名-->E

trs.译文

" The one who does the work, he (is) kammakāra by name."
“做这项工作的人，他叫Kammakāra。”

Note: In the second example, the second member kāra is a primary derivative 注：在第二个例子中，第二个成员kāra是一阶导数。

derived from (kar + a- subjective case) but it cannot stand alone as a separate word. 派生自(kar+a-主观格)，但它不能作为一个单独的词独立存在。 Consequently, an active verb of the same root is used instead in the definition. 因此，在定义中使用相同词根的主动动词。

B. With relations Instrumental, etc. 带有工具格等关系

[(buddha (the lord Buddha佛主) = A + bhāsita (the one which is said) = B ]

graph LR;
A--Ins-->B

buddhena bhāsito buddhabhāsito.

graph LR;
A["buddhena"]--ISV-->B["bhāsito"]
B--NID<br>被命名-命名-->E["buddhabhāsito"]

trs.译文

" The one which is said by the Buddha (is) buddhabhāsita by name."
“佛陀所说的被称为佛说。”

[(saṅgha (the Order of Bhikkhus僧团) = A + bhatta (meal餐) = B ]

graph LR;
A--Dat-->B

saṅghassa bhattaṃ saṅghabhattaṃ.

graph LR;
A["saṅghassa"]--PUR-->B["bhattaṃ"]
B--NID<br>被命名-命名-->E["saṅghabhattaṃ"]

trs.译文

" The meal for the Order of Bhikkhus (is) saṅghabhatta by name."
“比丘修会(Is)saṅghabhatta的餐点点名。”

[(nagara (town镇) = A + niggata (the one who went out外出的那个人) = B ]

graph LR;
A--Abl-->B

nagarasmā niggato nagaraniggato.

graph LR;
A["nagarasmā"]--DET-->B["niggato"]
B--NID<br>被命名-命名-->E["nagaraniggato"]

trs.译文

" The one who went out from the town (is) nagaraniggata by name."
“那个从镇上出来的人叫那嘎拉尼加塔。”

[(buddha (the lord Buddha) = A + sāvaka (the disciple) = B ] [(佛(主佛)=A+sāVaka(弟子)=B]。

graph LR;
A--Gen-->B

buddhassa sāvako buddhasāvako.

graph LR;
A["buddhassa"]--POS-->B["sāvako"]
B--NID<br>被命名-命名-->E["buddhasāvako"]

trs. TRS。

" The disciple of the Lord Buddha (is) buddhasāvaka by name."128
“佛主的弟子名为佛弟子。”

[(arañña (forest) = A + vāsa (living, residence) = B ] [(Arañña(森林)=A+vāSa(居住、居住)=B]。

graph LR;
A--Loc-->B

araññe vāso araññavāso.

graph LR;
A["araññe"]--LOV-->B["vāso"]
B--NID<br>被命名-命名-->E["araññavāso"]

trs.译文

" Living / Residence in the forest (is) araññavāsa by name.
“生活/居住在森林中(IS)Arañavāsa的名字。

Morphological Definitions.md 15 KB تاريخچه خام

Compound Definitions 复合定义

Note 注意(1):

A. Kammadhāraya (Adjectival Compounds形容词复合词，持业释)

A.1visesana-pubbapada 定语前置

or或

A.2 visesana-uttarapada 定语后置

A.3 visesana-ubhayapada 双重定语

A.4 upamāna-uttarapada 比喻后置

A.5 sambhāvanā-pubbapada 混合组分前置

A.6 avadhāraṇa-pubbapada 强调部分前置

A.7 pādi-pubbapada / kunipātapubbapada 前缀

B. Digu (Numeral Compounds数词复合词/代数释)

C. Tappurisa (Dependent Determinative Compounds 根据限定词的复合词/依主释)

A definition for this type has 此类型的定义有：

A. With Accusative relation 带有宾语关系

B. With relations Instrumental, etc. 带有工具格等关系

Morphological Definitions.md 15 KB

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