iapt-platform
/
mint
-ын хуулбар https://github.com/iapt-platform/mint.git


			
				
					
						
						
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<p class="centered"> Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa</p>
<p class="nikaya">Vinayapiṭake</p>
<p class="book">Sāratthadīpanī-ṭīkā (paṭhamo bhāgo)</p>
<p class="subsubhead">Ganthārambhakathā</p>
<p class="gatha1">Mahākāruṇikaṃ <a name="M1.0001"></a><a name="V1.0001"></a> <span class="bld">buddhaṃ, dhammañca</span> vimalaṃ varaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vande <span class="bld">ariyasaṅghañca,</span> dakkhiṇeyyaṃ niraṅgaṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Uḷārapuññatejena, katvā sattuvimaddanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pattarajjābhisekena, sāsanujjotanatthinā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nissāya <a name="V1.0002"></a> sīhaḷindena, yaṃ <span class="bld">parakkamabāhunā</span>;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Katvā nikāyasāmaggiṃ, sāsanaṃ suvisodhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Kassapaṃ</span> taṃ mahātheraṃ, saṅghassa pariṇāyakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dīpasmiṃ tambapaṇṇimhi, sāsanodayakārakaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Paṭipattiparādhīnaṃ, sadāraññanivāsinaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pākaṭaṃ gagane canda-maṇḍalaṃ viya sāsane.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saṅghassa pitaraṃ vande, vinaye suvisāradaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yaṃ nissāya vasantohaṃ, vuddhippattosmi sāsane.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Anutheraṃ mahāpuññaṃ, <span class="bld">sumedhaṃ</span> sutivissutaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Avikhaṇḍitasīlādi-parisuddhaguṇodayaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bahussutaṃ satimantaṃ, dantaṃ santaṃ samāhitaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Namāmi sirasā dhīraṃ, garuṃ me gaṇavācakaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Āgatāgamatakkesu<a name="M1.0002"></a>, saddasatthanayaññusu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yassantevāsibhikkhūsu, sāsanaṃ suppatiṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vinayaṭṭhakathāyāhaṃ, <span class="bld">līnasāratthadīpaniṃ</span>;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Karissāmi suviññeyyaṃ, paripuṇṇamanākulaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Porāṇehi kataṃ yaṃ tu, līnatthassa pakāsanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na taṃ sabbattha bhikkhūnaṃ, atthaṃ sādheti sabbaso.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Duviññeyyasabhāvāya, sīhaḷāya niruttiyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Gaṇṭhipadesvanekesu, likhitaṃ kiñci katthaci.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Māgadhikāya <a name="V1.0003"></a> bhāsāya, ārabhitvāpi kenaci;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhāsantarehi sammissaṃ, likhitaṃ kiñcideva ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Asāraganthabhāropi, tattheva bahu dissati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ākulañca kataṃ yattha, suviññeyyampi atthato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tato aparipuṇṇena, tādisenettha sabbaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kathamatthaṃ vijānanti, nānādesanivāsino.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bhāsantaraṃ tato hitvā, sāramādāya sabbaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Anākulaṃ karissāmi, paripuṇṇavinicchayanti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vinayasaṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayaṃ namassitukāmo tassa visiṭṭhaguṇayogasandassanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yo kappakoṭīhipī’’</span>tiādimāha. Visiṭṭhaguṇayogena hi vandanārahabhāvo, vandanārahe ca katā vandanā yathādhippetamatthaṃ sādheti. Ettha ca saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇappayojanaṃ tattha tattha bahudhā papañcenti ācariyā. Tathā hi vaṇṇayanti –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayavandanā saṃvaṇṇetabbassa dhammassa pabhavanissayavisuddhipaṭivedanatthaṃ, taṃ pana dhammasaṃvaṇṇanāsu viññūnaṃ bahumānuppādanatthaṃ, taṃ sammadeva tesaṃ uggahaṇadhāraṇādikkamaladdhabbāya sammāpaṭipattiyā sabbahitasukhanipphādanatthaṃ. Atha vā maṅgalabhāvato<a name="M1.0003"></a>, sabbakiriyāsu pubbakiccabhāvato, paṇḍitehi samācaritabhāvato, āyatiṃ paresaṃ diṭṭhānugatiāpajjanato ca saṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ ratanattayapaṇāmakiriyā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mayaṃ pana idhādhippetameva payojanaṃ dassayissāma. Tasmā saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇaṃ yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanatthanti veditabbaṃ. Idameva hi payojanaṃ ācariyena idhādhippetaṃ. Tathā hi vakkhati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Iccevamaccantanamassaneyyaṃ<a name="V1.0004"></a>,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Namassamāno ratanattayaṃ yaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Puññābhisandaṃ vipulaṃ alatthaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tassānubhāvena hatantarāyo’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇena cettha yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanaṃ ratanattayapūjāya paññāpāṭavabhāvato, tāya paññāpāṭavañca rāgādimalavidhamanato. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yasmiṃ, mahānāma, samaye ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na dosapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hotī’’tiādi (a. ni. 11.11).</p>
<p class="unindented">Tasmā ratanattayapūjanena vikkhālitamalāya paññāya pāṭavasiddhi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā ratanattayapūjanassa paññāpadaṭṭhānasamādhihetuttā paññāpāṭavaṃ. Vuttañhi tassa samādhihetuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Evaṃ ujugatacitto kho, mahānāma, ariyasāvako labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vediyati, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyatī’’ti (a. ni. 11.11.).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Samādhissa ca paññāya padaṭṭhānabhāvo vuttoyeva ‘‘samāhito yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.99; mi. pa. 2.1.14). Tato evaṃ paṭubhūtāya paññāya paṭiññāmahattakataṃ <a name="M1.0004"></a> khedamabhibhuyya anantarāyena saṃvaṇṇanaṃ samāpayissati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘anantarāyena parisamāpanattha’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā ratanattayapūjāya āyuvaṇṇasukhabalavaḍḍhanato anantarāyena parisamāpanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Ratanattayapaṇāmena hi āyuvaṇṇasukhabalāni vaḍḍhanti. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Abhivādanasīlissa<a name="V1.0005"></a>, niccaṃ vuḍḍhāpacāyino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Cattāro dhammā vaḍḍhanti, āyu vaṇṇo sukhaṃ bala’’nti. (dha. pa. 109);</p>
<p class="unindented">Tato āyuvaṇṇasukhabalavuḍḍhiyā hoteva kāriyaniṭṭhānamiti vuttaṃ ‘‘anantarāyena parisamāpanattha’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā ratanattayagāravassa paṭibhānāparihānāvahattā. Aparihānāvahañhi tīsupi ratanesu gāravaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Sattime, bhikkhave, aparihāniyā dhammā. Katame satta? Satthugāravatā dhammagāravatā saṅghagāravatā sikkhāgāravatā samādhigāravatā kalyāṇamittatā sovacassatā’’ti (a. ni. 7.34).</p>
<p class="unindented">Hoteva ca tato paṭibhānāparihānena yathāpaṭiññātaparisamāpanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā pasādavatthūsu pūjāya puññātisayabhāvato. Vuttañhi tassa puññātisayattaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pūjārahe pūjayato, buddhe yadiva sāvake;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Papañcasamatikkante, tiṇṇasokapariddave.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Te tādise pūjayato, nibbute akutobhaye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na sakkā puññaṃ saṅkhātuṃ, imettamapi kenacī’’ti. (dha. pa. 195-196; apa. thera 1.10.1-2);</p>
<p class="unindented">Puññātisayo ca yathādhippetaparisamāpanupāyo. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Esa devamanussānaṃ, sabbakāmadado nidhi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yaṃ yadevābhipatthenti, sabbametena labbhatī’’ti. (khu. pā. 8.10);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Upāyesu <a name="V1.0006"></a> ca paṭipannassa hoteva kāriyaniṭṭhānaṃ. Ratanattayapūjā hi niratisayapuññakkhettasaṃbuddhiyā aparimeyyappabhavo puññātisayoti bahuvidhantarāyepi <a name="M1.0005"></a> lokasannivāse antarāyanibandhanasakalasaṃkilesaviddhaṃsanāya pahoti, bhayādiupaddavañca nivāreti. Tasmā suvuttaṃ ‘‘saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇaṃ yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanatthanti veditabba’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ pana sappayojanaṃ ratanattayavandanaṃ kattukāmo paṭhamaṃ tāva bhagavato vandanaṃ kātuṃ tammūlakattā sesaratanānaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yo kappa…pe… mahākāruṇikassa tassā’’</span>ti āha. Ettha pana yassā desanāya saṃvaṇṇanaṃ kattukāmo, sā yasmā karuṇāppadhānā, na suttantadesanā viya karuṇāpaññāppadhānā, nāpi abhidhammadesanā viya paññāppadhānā, tasmā karuṇāppadhānameva bhagavato thomanaṃ āraddhaṃ. Esā hi ācariyassa pakati, yadidaṃ ārambhānurūpathomanā. Teneva suttantadesanāya saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ, paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti karuṇāpaññāppadhānaṃ, abhidhammadesanāya saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ‘‘karuṇā viya sattesu, paññā yassa mahesino’’ti paññāppadhānañca thomanaṃ āraddhaṃ. Karuṇāpaññāppadhānā hi suttantadesanā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ āsayānusayādhimutticariyādibhedaparicchindanasamatthāya paññāya sattesu ca mahākaruṇāya tattha sātisayappavattito. Suttantadesanāya hi mahākaruṇāsamāpattibahulo veneyyasantānesu tadajjhāsayānulomena gambhīramatthapadaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi. Abhidhammadesanā ca kevalaṃ paññāppadhānā paramatthadhammānaṃ yathāsabhāvapaṭivedhasamatthāya paññāya tattha sātisayappavattito.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vinayadesanā pana āsayādinirapekkhaṃ kevalaṃ karuṇāya pākatikasattenapi asotabbārahaṃ suṇanto apucchitabbārahaṃ pucchanto avattabbārahañca vadanto bhagavā sikkhāpadaṃ paññapesīti karuṇāppadhānā. Tathā hi ukkaṃsapariyantagatahirottappopi bhagavā lokiyasādhujanehipi pariharitabbāni ‘‘sikharaṇīsī’’tiādīni vacanāni yathāparādhañca garahavacanāni vinayapiṭakadesanāya mahākaruṇāsañcoditamānaso mahāparisamajjhe abhāsi, taṃtaṃsikkhāpadapaññattikāraṇāpekkhāya verañjādīsu sārīrikañca khedamanubhosi. Tasmā kiñcāpi bhūmantarapaccayākārasamayantarakathānaṃ viya vinayapaññattiyāpi samuṭṭhāpikā paññā anaññasādhāraṇatāya atisayakiccavatī, karuṇāya kiccaṃ pana tatopi adhikanti <a name="M1.0006"></a> karuṇāppadhānā vinayadesanā. Karuṇābyāpārādhikatāya hi desanāya karuṇāppadhānatā. Tasmā ārambhānurūpaṃ karuṇāppadhānameva ettha thomanaṃ katanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Karuṇāggahaṇena <a name="V1.0007"></a> ca aparimeyyappabhāvā sabbepi buddhaguṇā saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbā taṃmūlakattā sesabuddhaguṇānaṃ. Mahākaruṇāya vā chasu asādhāraṇañāṇesu aññatarattā taṃsahacaritasesāsādhāraṇañāṇānampi gahaṇasabbhāvato sabbepi buddhaguṇā nayato dassitāva honti. Esoyeva hi niravasesato buddhaguṇānaṃ dassanupāyo yadidaṃ nayaggāho. Aññathā ko nāma samattho bhagavato guṇe anupadaṃ niravasesato dassetuṃ. Tenevāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Buddhopi buddhassa bhaṇeyya vaṇṇaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Kappampi ce aññamabhāsamāno;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Khīyetha kappo ciradīghamantare,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vaṇṇo na khīyetha tathāgatassā’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.304; 3.141; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.425);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Teneva ca āyasmatā sāriputtattherenapi buddhaguṇaparicchedanaṃ patianuyuttena ‘‘no hetaṃ, bhante’’ti paṭikkhipitvā ‘‘apica me, bhante, dhammanvayo vidito’’ti (dī. ni. 2.146) vuttaṃ. Tasmā ‘‘yo kappakoṭīhipī’’tiādinā karuṇāmukhena saṅkhepato sakalasabbaññuguṇehi bhagavantaṃ abhitthavīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ayamettha samudāyattho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana avayavattho – <span class="bld">yo</span>ti aniyamavacanaṃ. Tassa ‘‘nātho’’ti iminā sambandho. ‘‘Kappakoṭīhipī’’tiādinā pana yāya karuṇāya so ‘‘mahākāruṇiko’’ti vuccati, tassā vasena kappakoṭigaṇanāyapi appameyyaṃ kālaṃ lokahitatthāya atidukkaraṃ karontassa bhagavato dukkhānubhavanaṃ dasseti. Karuṇāya baleneva hi so bhagavā hatthagatampi nibbānaṃ pahāya saṃsārapaṅke nimuggaṃ sattanikāyaṃ tato samuddharaṇatthaṃ cintetumpi asakkuṇeyyaṃ nayanajīvitaputtabhariyadānādikaṃ atidukkaramakāsi. <span class="bld">Kappakoṭīhipi appameyyaṃ kāla</span>nti kappakoṭigaṇanāyapi ‘‘ettakā kappakoṭiyo’’ti pametuṃ asakkuṇeyyaṃ kālaṃ, kappakoṭigaṇanavasenapi paricchinditumasakkuṇeyyattā aparicchinnāni kappasatasahassādhikāni <a name="M1.0007"></a> cattāri asaṅkhyeyyānīti vuttaṃ hoti. Kappakoṭivaseneva hi so kālo appameyyo, asaṅkhyeyyavasena pana paricchinnoyeva. ‘‘Kappakoṭīhipī’’ti <span class="bld">api</span>saddo kappakoṭivasenapi tāva pametuṃ na sakkā, pageva vassagaṇanāyāti dasseti. ‘‘Appameyyaṃ kāla’’nti accantasaṃyoge upayogavacanaṃ ‘‘māsamadhīte, divasaṃ caratī’’tiādīsu viya. <span class="bld">Karonto atidukkarānī</span>ti pañcamahāpariccāgādīni atidukkarāni karonto. Evamatidukkarāni <a name="V1.0008"></a> karonto kiṃ vindīti ce? <span class="bld">Khedaṃ gato,</span> kāyikaṃ khedamupagato, parissamaṃ pattoti attho, dukkhamanubhavīti vuttaṃ hoti. Dukkhañhi khijjati sahitumasakkuṇeyyanti ‘‘khedo’’ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Lokahitāyā</span>ti ‘‘anamatagge saṃsāre vaṭṭadukkhena accantapīḷitaṃ sattalokaṃ tamhā dukkhato mocetvā nibbānasukhabhāgiyaṃ karissāmī’’ti evaṃ sattalokassa hitakaraṇatthāyāti attho. Assa ca ‘‘atidukkarāni karonto’’ti iminā sambandho. Lokahitāya khedaṃ gatoti yojanāyapi natthi doso. <span class="bld">Mahāgaṇṭhipade</span>pi hi ‘‘atidukkarāni karonto khedaṃ gato, kimatthanti ce? Lokahitāyā’’ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yaṃ pana evaṃ yojanaṃ asambhāventena <span class="bld">kenaci</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘na hi bhagavā lokahitāya saṃsāradukkhamanubhavati. Na hi kassaci dukkhānubhavanaṃ lokassa upakāraṃ āvahatī’’ti, taṃ tassa matimattaṃ. Evaṃ yojanāyapi atidukkarāni karontassa bhagavato dukkhānubhavanaṃ lokahitakaraṇatthāyāti ayamattho viññāyati, na tu dukkhānubhavaneneva lokahitasiddhīti. Paṭhamaṃ vuttayojanāyapi hi na dukkarakaraṇamattena lokahitasiddhi. Na hi dukkaraṃ karonto kañci sattaṃ maggaphalādīsu patiṭṭhāpeti, atha kho tādisaṃ atidukkaraṃ katvā sabbaññubhāvaṃ sacchikatvā niyyānikadhammadesanāya maggaphalādīsu satte patiṭṭhāpento lokassa hitaṃ sādheti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kāmañcettha sattasaṅkhārabhājanavasena tividho loko, hitakaraṇassa pana adhippetattā taṃvisayasseva sattalokassa vasena attho gahetabbo. So hi lokīyanti ettha puññapāpāni taṃvipāko cāti ‘‘loko’’ti vuccati. Katthaci pana ‘‘sanarāmaralokagaru’’ntiādīsu samūhatthopi lokasaddo samudāyavasena lokīyati paññāpīyatīti. Yaṃ <a name="M1.0008"></a> panettha <span class="bld">kenaci</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘iminā sattalokañca jātilokañca saṅgaṇhāti, tasmā tassa sattalokassa idhalokaparalokahitaṃ, atikkantaparalokānaṃ vā ucchinnalokasamudayānaṃ idha jātiloke okāsaloke vā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasaṅkhātañca hitaṃ sampiṇḍetvā lokassa, lokānaṃ, loke vā hitanti sarūpekasesaṃ katvā lokahitamiccevāhā’’ti, na taṃ sārato paccetabbaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasaṅkhaātahitassapi sattalokavisayattā, sattalokaggahaṇeneva ucchinnamūlānaṃ khīṇāsavānampi saṅgahitattā.</p>
<p class="indent">Sabbattha <span class="bld">‘‘kenacī’’</span>ti vutte <span class="bld">‘‘vajirabuddhiṭīkākārenā’’</span>ti gahetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Mahāgaṇṭhipade’’</span>ti vā <span class="bld">‘‘majjhimagaṇṭhipade’’</span>ti vā <span class="bld">‘‘cūḷagaṇṭhipade’’</span>ti vā vutte <span class="bld">‘‘sīhaḷagaṇṭhipadesū’’</span>ti <a name="V1.0009"></a> gahetabbaṃ. Kevalaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘gaṇṭhipade’’</span>ti vutte <span class="bld">‘‘māgadhabhāsāya likhite gaṇṭhipade’’</span>ti gahetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nātho</span>ti lokapaṭisaraṇo, lokasāmī lokanāyakoti vuttaṃ hoti. Tathā hi sabbānatthapaahārapubbaṅgamāya niravasesahitasukhavidhānatapparāya niratisayāya payogasampattiyā sadevamanussāya pajāya accantupakāritāya aparimitanirupamappabhāvaguṇavisesasamaṅgitāya ca sabbasattuttamo bhagavā aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ ekapaṭisaraṇo patiṭṭhā. Atha vā nāthatīti <span class="bld">nātho,</span> veneyyānaṃ hitasukhaṃ mettāyanavasena āsīsati patthetīti attho. Atha vā nāthati veneyyagate kilese upatāpetīti attho, nāthatīti vā yācatīti attho. Bhagavā hi ‘‘sādhu, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kālena kālaṃ attasampattiṃ paccavekkheyyā’’tiādinā (a. ni. 8.7) sattānaṃ taṃ taṃ hitapaṭipattiṃ yācitvāpi karuṇāya samussāhito te tattha niyojeti. Paramena vā cittissariyena samannāgato sabbasatte īsati abhibhavatīti paramissaro bhagavā ‘‘nātho’’ti vuccati. Sabbopi cāyamattho saddasatthānusārato veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mahākāruṇikassā</span>ti yo karuṇāya kampitahadayattā lokahitatthaṃ atidukkarakiriyāya anekappakāraṃ tādisaṃ saṃsāradukkhamanubhavitvā āgato, tassa mahākāruṇikassāti attho. Tattha kiratīti <a name="M1.0009"></a> <span class="bld">karuṇā,</span> paradukkhaṃ vikkhipati apanetīti attho. Dukkhitesu vā kirīyati pasārīyatīti karuṇā. Atha vā kiṇātīti karuṇā, paradukkhe sati kāruṇikaṃ hiṃsati vibādheti, vināseti vā parassa dukkhanti attho. Paradukkhe sati sādhūnaṃ kampanaṃ hadayakhedaṃ karotīti vā karuṇā. Atha vā kamiti sukhaṃ, taṃ rundhatīti karuṇā. Esā hi paradukkhāpanayanakāmatālakkhaṇā attasukhanirapekkhatāya kāruṇikānaṃ sukhaṃ rundhati vibādhetīti. Karuṇāya niyuttoti kāruṇiko yathā ‘‘dovāriko’’ti. Yathā hi dvāraṭṭhānato aññattha vattamānopi dvārapaṭibaddhajīviko puriso dvārānativattavuttitāya dvāre niyuttoti ‘‘dovāriko’’ti vuccati, evaṃ bhagavā mettādivasena karuṇāvihārato aññattha vattamānopi karuṇānativattavuttitāya karuṇāya niyuttoti ‘‘kāruṇiko’’ti vuccati. Mahābhinīhārato paṭṭhāya hi yāva mahāparinibbānā lokahitatthameva lokanāthā tiṭṭhanti. Mahanto kāruṇikoti mahākāruṇiko. Satipi bhagavato tadaññaguṇānampi vasena mahantabhāve kāruṇikasaddasannidhānena vuttattā karuṇāvasenettha mahantabhāvo veditabbo yathā ‘‘mahāveyyākaraṇo’’ti. Evañca katvā ‘‘mahākāruṇikassā’’ti iminā padena puggalādhiṭṭhānena satthu mahākaruṇā vuttā hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha <a name="V1.0010"></a> vā karuṇā karuṇāyanaṃ sīlaṃ pakati etassāti <span class="bld">kāruṇiko,</span> pathavīphassādayo viya kakkhaḷaphusanādisabhāvā karuṇāyanasabhāvo sabhāvabhūtakaruṇoti attho. Sesaṃ purimasadisameva. Atha vā mahāvisayatāya mahānubhāvatāya mahābalatāya ca mahatī karuṇāti <span class="bld">mahākaruṇā</span>. Bhagavato hi karuṇā niravasesesu sattesu pavattati, pavattamānā ca anaññasādhāraṇā pavattati, diṭṭhadhammikādibhedañca mahantameva sattānaṃ hitasukhaṃ ekantato nipphādeti, mahākaruṇāya niyuttoti <span class="bld">mahākāruṇiko</span>ti sabbaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Atha vā mahatī pasatthā karuṇā assa atthīti mahākāruṇiko. Pūjāvacano hettha mahantasaddo ‘‘mahāpuriso’’tiādīsu viya. Pasatthā ca bhagavato karuṇā mahākaruṇāsamāpattivasenapi pavattito anaññasādhāraṇattāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M1.0010"></a> karuṇāmukhena saṅkhepato sakalasabbaññuguṇehi bhagavantaṃ thometvā idāni saddhammaṃ thometuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘asambudha’’</span>ntiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">asambudha</span>nti pubbakālakiriyāniddeso, tassa asambujjhanto appaṭivijjhantoti attho, yathāsabhāvaṃ appaṭivijjhanatoti vuttaṃ hoti. Hetuattho hettha antasaddo ‘‘paṭhanto nisīdatī’’tiādīsu viya. <span class="bld">Ya</span>nti pubbakālakiriyāya aniyamato kammaniddeso. <span class="bld">Buddhanisevita</span>nti tassa visesanaṃ. Tattha buddhasaddassa tāva ‘‘bujjhitā saccānīti buddho, bodhetā pajāyāti buddho’’tiādinā (mahāni. 192) niddesanayena attho veditabbo. Atha vā savāsanāya aññāṇaniddāya accantavigamato, buddhiyā vā vikasitabhāvato buddhavāti <span class="bld">buddho</span> jāgaraṇavikasanatthavasena. Atha vā kassacipi ñeyyadhammassa anavabuddhassa abhāvena ñeyyavisesassa kammabhāvena aggahaṇato kammavacanicchāya abhāvena avagamanatthavaseneva kattuniddeso labbhatīti buddhavāti buddho. Atthato pana pāramitāparibhāvito sayambhūñāṇena saha vāsanāya vihataviddhaṃsitaniravasesakileso mahākaruṇāsabbaññutaññāṇādiaparimeyyaguṇagaṇādhāro khandhasantāno buddho. Yathāha ‘‘buddhoti yo so bhagavā sayambhū anācariyako pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhi, tattha ca sabbaññutaṃ patto balesu ca vasībhāva’’nti (mahāni. 192; cūḷani. pārāyanatthutigāthāniddesa 97; paṭi. ma. 1.161). Tena evaṃ nirupamappabhāvena buddhena nisevitaṃ gocarāsevanābhāvanāsevanāhi yathārahaṃ nisevitaṃ anubhūtanti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha nibbānaṃ gocarāsevanāvaseneva nisevitaṃ, maggo pana attanā bhāvito ca bhāvanāsevanāvasena sevito, parehi uppāditāni pana maggaphalāni cetopariyañāṇādinā yadā parijānāti, attanā uppāditāni vā paccavekkhaṇañāṇena paricchindati, tadā gocarāsevanāvasenapi <a name="V1.0011"></a> sevitāni hontiyeva. Ettha ca pariyattidhammassapi pariyāyato dhammaggahaṇena gahaṇe sati sopi desanāsammasanañāṇagocaratāya gocarāsevanāya sevitoti sakkā gahetuṃ. ‘‘Abhidhammanayasamuddaṃ adhigacchati, tīṇi piṭakāni sammasī’’ti ca aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttattā pariyattidhammassapi sacchikiriyāya sammasanapariyāyo labbhatīti yaṃ asambudhaṃ asambujjhanto asacchikarontoti atthasambhavato sopi idha vutto evāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tampi <a name="M1.0011"></a> ca appaṭivijjhanto bhavābhavaṃ gacchati, pariññātadhammavinayo pana tadatthapaṭipattiyā sammāpaṭipanno na cirasseva dukkhassantaṃ karissati. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye, appamatto vihassati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pahāya jātisaṃsāraṃ, dukkhassantaṃ karissatī’’ti. (dī. ni. 2.185; saṃ. ni. 1.185);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca kiñcāpi maggaphalanibbānāni paccekabuddhabuddhasāvakehipi gocarāsevanādinā sevitāni honti, tathāpi ukkaṭṭhaparicchedavasena ‘‘buddhanisevita’’nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Kenaci</span> pana buddhasaddassa sāmaññato buddhānubuddhapaccekabuddhānampi ettheva saṅgaho vutto.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhavābhava</span>nti aparakālakiriyāya kammaniddeso, bhavato bhavanti attho. Atha vā <span class="bld">bhavābhava</span>nti sugatiduggativasena hīnapaṇītavasena ca khuddakaṃ mahantañca bhavanti attho. Vuddhatthopi hi a-kāro dissati ‘‘asekkhā dhammā’’tiādīsu viya. Tasmā <span class="bld">abhavo</span>ti mahābhavo vuccati. Atha vā <span class="bld">bhavo</span>ti vuddhi, <span class="bld">abhavo</span>ti hāni. <span class="bld">Bhavo</span>ti vā sassatadiṭṭhi, <span class="bld">abhavo</span>ti ucchedadiṭṭhi. Vuttappakāro bhavo ca abhavo ca bhavābhavo. Taṃ bhavābhavaṃ. <span class="bld">Gacchatī</span>ti aparakālakiriyāniddeso. <span class="bld">Jīvaloko</span>ti sattaloko. Jīvaggahaṇena hi saṅkhārabhājanalokaṃ nivatteti tassa bhavābhavagamanāsambhavato. Namo atthūti pāṭhaseso daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsino</span>ti dhammavisesanaṃ. Tattha avindiyaṃ vindatīti <span class="bld">avijjā</span>. Pūretuṃ ayuttaṭṭhena kāyaduccaritādi avindiyaṃ nāma, aladdhabbanti attho. Tabbiparītato kāyasucaritādi vindiyaṃ nāma, taṃ vindiyaṃ na vindatīti vā avijjā, khandhānaṃ rāsaṭṭhaṃ, āyatanānaṃ āyatanaṭṭhaṃ, dhātūnaṃ suññataṭṭhaṃ, indriyānaṃ adhipatiyaṭṭhaṃ, saccānaṃ tathaṭṭhaṃ aviditaṃ karotīti vā avijjā, dukkhādīnaṃ pīḷanādivasena vuttaṃ catubbidhaṃ atthaṃ aviditaṃ karotītipi avijjā, antavirahite saṃsāre sabbayonigatibhavaviññāṇaṭṭhitisattāvāsesu satte javāpetīti <a name="V1.0012"></a> vā avijjā, paramatthato avijjamānesupi itthipurisādīsu javati, vijjamānesupi khandhādīsu na javatīti vā avijjā. Sā ādi yesaṃ taṇhādīnaṃ te avijjādayo, teyeva <a name="M1.0012"></a> kilissanti etehi sattāti <span class="bld">kilesā,</span> teyeva ca sattānaṃ bandhanaṭṭhena jālasadisāti <span class="bld">jālaṃ,</span> taṃ viddhaṃseti sabbaso vināseti sīlenāti avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsī. Nanu cettha sapariyattiko navalokuttaradhammo adhippeto, tattha ca maggoyeva kilese viddhaṃseti, netareti ce? Vuccate. Maggassapi nibbānamāgamma kilesaviddhaṃsanato nibbānampi kilese viddhaṃseti nāma, maggassa kilesaviddhaṃsanakiccaṃ phalena nipphannanti phalampi ‘‘kilesaviddhaṃsī’’ti vuccati. Pariyattidhammopi kilesaviddhaṃsanassa paccayattā ‘‘kilesaviddhaṃsī’’ti vattumarahatīti na koci doso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhammavarassa tassā</span>ti pubbe aniyamitassa niyamavacanaṃ. Tattha yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāne catūsu apāyesu apatamāne dhāretīti <span class="bld">dhammo</span>.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ye keci dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse, na te gamissanti apāyabhūmiṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pahāya mānusaṃ dehaṃ, devakāyaṃ paripūressantī’’ti. (dī. ni. 2.332; saṃ. ni. 1.37) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Hi vuttaṃ. Saṃsāradukkhe vā apatamāne katvā dhāretīti dhammo maggaphaluppattiyā sattakkhattuparamatādivasena saṃsārassa paricchinnattā. Apāyādinibbattakakilesaviddhaṃsanañcettha dhāraṇaṃ. Evañca katvā ariyamaggo tassa tadatthasiddhihetutāya nibbānañcāti ubhayameva nippariyāyato dhāreti, ariyaphalaṃ pana taṃsamucchinnakilesapaṭippassambhanena tadanuguṇatāya, pariyattidhammo tadadhigamahetutāyāti ubhayaṃ pariyāyato dhāretīti veditabbaṃ. Vuttappakāro dhammoyeva attano uttaritarābhāvena varo pavaro anuttaroti <span class="bld">dhammavaro,</span> tassa dhammavarassa namo atthūti sambandho. Ettāvatā cettha amhehi sārattho pakāsito. Yaṃ panettha <span class="bld">kenaci</span> papañcitaṃ, amhehi ca idha na dassitaṃ, na taṃ sārato paccetabbaṃ. Ito paresupi evameva daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tasmā ito paṭṭhāya ettakampi avatvā sāratthameva dassayissāma. Yattha pana <span class="bld">kenaci</span> accantaviruddhaṃ likhitaṃ, tampi katthaci dassayissāma. Ettha ca ‘‘avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsino’’ti etena svākkhātatādīhi dhammaṃ thometi, ‘‘dhammavarassā’’ti etena aññassa visiṭṭhassa abhāvadīpanato paripuṇṇatāya. Paṭhamena vā pahānasampadaṃ dhammassa dasseti, dutiyena pabhāvasampadaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M1.0013"></a><a name="V1.0013"></a> saṅkhepeneva sabbadhammaguṇehi saddhammaṃ thometvā idāni ariyasaṅghaṃ thometuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘guṇehī’’</span>tiādimāha. ‘‘Guṇehī’’ti padassa ‘‘yutto’’ti iminā sambandho. Idāni yehi guṇehi yutto, te dassento <span class="bld">‘‘sīlasamādhī’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha catupārisuddhisīlādi <span class="bld">‘‘sīla’’</span>nti vuccati. <span class="bld">Samādhī</span>ti paṭhamajjhānādi. Samādhisīsena hi paṭhamajjhānādayo vuttā. <span class="bld">Paññā</span>ti maggapaññā. Vimutti ca vimuttiñāṇañca vimuttivimuttiñāṇanti vattabbe ekadesasarūpekasesanayena ‘‘vimuttiñāṇa’’nti vuttaṃ. Ādisaddapariyāyena pabhutisaddena vā vimuttiggahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">vimuttī</span>ti phalaṃ. <span class="bld">Vimuttiñāṇa</span>nti paccavekkhaṇañāṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Pabhuti</span>-saddena chaḷabhiññācatupaṭisambhidādayo guṇā saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ettha ca sīlādayo guṇā lokiyā lokuttarā ca yathāsambhavaṃ niddiṭṭhāti veditabbā. Yaṃ panettha <span class="bld">kenaci</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘sīlādayo kiñcāpi lokiyalokuttarā yathāsambhavaṃ labbhanti, tathāpi ante ‘ariyasaṅgha’nti vacanato sīlādayo cattāro dhammakkhandhā lokuttarāvā’’ti, taṃ tassa matimattaṃ. Na hi ariyasaṅghassa lokiyaguṇehipi thomanāya koci doso dissati, sabbaññubuddhassapi tāva lokiyalokuttaraguṇehi thomanā hoti, kimaṅgaṃ pana ariyasaṅghassāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kusalatthikānaṃ janānaṃ puññassa vuddhiyā khettasadisattā khettanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘khettaṃ janānaṃ kusalatthikāna’’</span>nti. Khittaṃ bījaṃ mahapphalabhāvakaraṇena tāyatīti hi khettaṃ, pubbaṇṇāparaṇṇaviruhanabhūmi, taṃsadisattā ariyasaṅghopi ‘‘khetta’’nti vuccati. Iminā ariyasaṅghassa anuttarapuññakkhettabhāvaṃ dīpeti. ‘‘Anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti hi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ta</span>nti pubbe ‘‘yo’’ti aniyamena vuttassa niyamavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Ariyasaṅgha</span>nti ettha ārakattā kilesehi, anaye na iriyanato, aye ca iriyanato ariyā niruttinayena. Atha vā sadevakena lokena saraṇanti araṇīyato upagantabbato upagatānañca tadatthasiddhito ariyā. Ariyānaṃ saṅgho samūhoti <span class="bld">ariyasaṅgho</span>. Atha vā ariyo ca so yathāvuttanayena saṅgho ca diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena saṃhatabhāvatoti ariyasaṅgho, aṭṭha ariyapuggalā. Taṃ ariyasaṅghaṃ. Bhagavato aparabhāge buddhadhammaratanānampi samadhigamo saṅgharatanādhīnoti ariyasaṅghassa bahūpakārataṃ dassetuṃ idheva <span class="bld">‘‘sirasā namāmī’’</span>ti vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M1.0014"></a> gāthāttayena saṅkhepato sakalaguṇasaṃkittanamukhena ratanattayassa paṇāmaṃ katvā idāni taṃ nipaccakāraṃ yathādhippete payojane pariṇāmento āha <span class="bld">‘‘icceva’’</span>miccādi. Iccevaṃ yathāvuttanayena <span class="bld">accantaṃ</span> ekantena <span class="bld">namassaneyyaṃ</span> namassitabbaṃ ratanattayaṃ <span class="bld">namassamāno</span> kāyavācācittehi vandamāno ahaṃ vipulaṃ yaṃ puññābhisandaṃ alatthanti sambandho. Tattha buddhādayo <a name="V1.0014"></a> ratijananaṭṭhena <span class="bld">ratanaṃ</span>. Tesañhi ‘‘itipi so bhagavā’’tiādinā yathābhūtaguṇe āvajjentassa amatādhigamahetubhūtaṃ anappakaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ uppajjati. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yasmiṃ, mahānāma, samaye ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na dosapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti, ujugatacitto kho pana, mahānāma, ariyasāvako labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ, pamuditassa pīti jāyatī’’tiādi (a. ni. 11.11).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Cittīkatādibhāvo vā ratanaṭṭho. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Cittīkataṃ mahagghañca, atulaṃ dullabhadassanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Anomasattaparibhogaṃ, ratanaṃ tena vuccatī’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.33);</p>
<p class="unindented">Cittīkatabhāvādayo ca anaññasādhāraṇā buddhādīsuyeva labbhantīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Puññābhisandanti puññarāsiṃ puññappavattaṃ vā’’ti <span class="bld">mahāgaṇṭhipade</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Majjhimagaṇṭhipade</span> pana <span class="bld">cūḷagaṇṭhipade</span> ca ‘‘puññābhisandanti puññābhinisaṃsa’’ntipi attho vutto. <span class="bld">Puññābhisanda</span>nti puññanadiṃ, puññappavāhanti evaṃ panettha attho veditabbo. Avicchedena pavattiyamānañhi puññaṃ abhisandanaṭṭhena ‘‘puññābhisando’’ti vuccati. Teneva sāratthapakāsiniyā saṃyuttanikāyaṭṭhakathāya (saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 3.5.1027) –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti ‘itipi <a name="M1.0015"></a> so bhagavā…pe… buddho bhagavā’ti, ayaṃ paṭhamo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1027) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādikāya pāḷiyā atthaṃ dassento ‘‘puññābhisandā kusalābhisandāti puññanadiyo kusalanadiyo’’ti vuttaṃ. Yaṃ pana <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipade</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘puññābhisandanti puññaphala’’nti, taṃ na sundaraṃ<a name="V1.0015"></a>. Na hi ratanattayaṃ namassamāno tasmiṃ khaṇe puññaphalaṃ alattha, kintu anappakaṃ puññarāsiṃ tadā alabhi, tassa ca phalaṃ paralokabhāgī, diṭṭhadhamme tu antarāyavighāto tassa ca puññassa ānisaṃsamattakaṃ, ‘‘tassānubhāvena hatantarāyo’’ti ca vuttaṃ, na ca puññaphale anuppanne tassānubhāvena hatantarāyabhāvo na sijjhati, na cetaṃ tasmiṃyeva khaṇe diṭṭhadhammavedanīyaṃ ahosi. Tasmā tassa mahato puññappavāhassa ānubhāvena hatantarāyoti ayameva attho yujjati. Athāpi paṇāmakiriyāya janitattā puññameva puññaphalanti tassādhippāyo siyā, evaṃ sati yujjeyya. So ca puññappavāho na appamattako, atha kho mahantoyevāti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘vipula’’</span>nti, mahantaṃ anappakanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Alattha</span>nti alabhiṃ, pāpuṇinti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tassānubhāvenā</span>ti tassa yathāvuttassa puññappavāhassa ānubhāvena balena. <span class="bld">Hatantarāyo</span>ti taṃtaṃsampattiyā vibandhanavasena sattasantānassa antare vemajjhe eti āgacchatīti antarāyo, diṭṭhadhammikādianattho. Paṇāmapayojane vuttavidhinā hato viddhasto antarāyo upaddavo assāti hatantarāyo. Assa ‘‘vaṇṇayissaṃ vinaya’’nti iminā sambandho, hatantarāyo hutvā vinayaṃ vaṇṇayissanti vuttaṃ hoti. Etena tassa puññappavāhassa attano pasādasampattiyā ratanattayassa ca khettabhāvasampattiyā atthasaṃvaṇṇanāya upaghātakaupaddavānaṃ hanane samatthataṃ dīpeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ ratanattayassa nipaccakārakaraṇe payojanaṃ dassetvā idāni yassa vinayapiṭakassa atthaṃ saṃvaṇṇetukāmo, tassa tāva bhagavato sāsanassa mūlapatiṭṭhānabhāvaṃ dassetvā tampi thomento āha <span class="bld">‘‘yasmiṃ ṭhite’’</span>tiādi. Aṭṭhitassa susaṇṭhitassa bhagavato sāsanaṃ yasmiṃ <a name="M1.0016"></a> ṭhite patiṭṭhitaṃ hotīti yojetabbaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">yasmi</span>nti yasmiṃ vinayapiṭake. <span class="bld">Ṭhite</span>ti pāḷito ca atthato ca anūnaṃ hutvā lajjīpuggalesu pavattanaṭṭhena ṭhiteti attho. <span class="bld">Sāsana</span>nti adhisīlaadhicittaadhipaññāsaṅkhātasikkhattayasaṅgahitaṃ sāsanaṃ. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhitassā</span>ti kāmasukhallikattakilamathānuyogasaṅkhāte antadvaye aṭṭhitassāti attho. ‘‘Appatiṭṭhaṃ khvāhaṃ, āvuso, anāyūhaṃ oghamatari’’nti (saṃ. ni. 1.1) hi vuttaṃ. Ayañcattho tīsupi <span class="bld">sīhaḷagaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttoyeva. <span class="bld">Gaṇṭhipade</span> pana ‘‘aṭṭhitassāti parinibbutassapi bhagavato’’ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Patiṭṭhitaṃ hotī</span>ti tesuyeva lajjīpuggalesu pavattanaṭṭhena patiṭṭhitaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Susaṇṭhitassā</span>ti ettha tāva tīsupi <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇaasītianubyañjanehi samannāgamanavasena <a name="V1.0016"></a> susaṇṭhānassāti attho. Anena assa rūpakāyasampattiṃ nidassetī’’ti. <span class="bld">Gaṇṭhipade</span> pana ‘‘yathāṭhāne patiṭṭhitehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgatattā rūpakāyena susaṇṭhito, kāyavaṅkādirahitattā tādilakkhaṇasamannāgatattā ca nāmakāyenapī’’ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Kenaci</span> pana ‘‘catubrahmavihāravasena sattesu suṭṭhu sammā ca ṭhitassāti atthavasena vā susaṇṭhitassa. Susaṇṭhitattā hesa kevalaṃ sattānaṃ dukkhaṃ apanetukāmo hitaṃ upasaṃharitukāmo sampattiyā ca pamudito apakkhapatito ca hutvā vinayaṃ deseti. Tasmā imasmiṃ vinayasaṃvaṇṇanādhikāre sāruppāya thutiyā thomento āha ‘susaṇṭhitassā’’’ti vatvā <span class="bld">‘‘gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttattho adhippetādhikārānurūpo na hotī’’ti vuttaṃ. Ayaṃ panettha amhākaṃ khanti – yathāvuttakāmasukhallikādiantadvaye aṭṭhitattāyeva majjhimāya paṭipadāya sammā ṭhitattā susaṇṭhitassāti evamattho gahetabboti. Evañhi sati ārambhānurūpathomanā katā hoti yathāvuttaantadvayaṃ vivajjetvā majjhimāya paṭipadāya vinayapaññattiyāyeva yebhuyyena pakāsanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ta</span>nti pubbe ‘‘yasmi’’nti aniyametvā vuttassa niyamavacanaṃ, tassa ‘‘vinaya’’nti iminā sambandho. <span class="bld">Asammissa</span>nti bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso, nikāyantaraladdhīhi asammissaṃ katvā anākulaṃ katvā vaṇṇayissanti vuttaṃ hoti. Sikkhāpadapaññattiyā anurūpassa kālamattassapi dhammasenāpatisāriputtattherasadisenapi duviññeyyabhāvato kevalaṃ buddhavisayaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ attano <a name="M1.0017"></a> balena vaṇṇayissāmīti vacanamattampi aññehi vattumasakkuṇeyyattā <span class="bld">‘‘nissāya pubbācariyānubhāva’’</span>nti āha. Pubbācariyānubhāvo nāma atthato pubbācariyehi saṃvaṇṇitā aṭṭhakathā, tatoyeva ca ‘‘pubbācariyānubhāvo aṭṭhakathā’’ti sabbattha <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ. Tasmā pubbācariyehi saṃvaṇṇitaṃ aṭṭhakathaṃ nissāya vaṇṇayissaṃ, na attanoyeva balaṃ nissāyāti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha ‘‘porāṇaṭṭhakathāsu vijjamānāsu puna vinayasaṃvaṇṇanāya kiṃ payojana’’nti yo vadeyya, tassa porāṇaṭṭhakathāya anūnabhāvaṃ attano ca saṃvaṇṇanāya payojanaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘kāmañcā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Kāma</span>nti ekantena, yathicchakaṃ vā, sabbasoti vuttaṃ hoti, tassa ‘‘saṃvaṇṇito’’ti iminā sambandho. Kāmaṃ saṃvaṇṇitoyeva, no na saṃvaṇṇitoti attho. Kehi pana so vinayo saṃvaṇṇitoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘pubbācariyāsabhehī’’</span>ti. Mahākassapattherādayo pubbācariyā eva akampiyaṭṭhena uttamaṭṭhena ca āsabhā, tehi pubbācariyāsabhehīti vuttaṃ hoti. Kīdisā panete pubbācariyāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ñāṇambū’’</span>tiādi. Aggamaggañāṇasaṅkhātena <span class="bld">ambunā</span> <a name="V1.0017"></a> salilena <span class="bld">niddhotāni</span> nissesato āyatiṃ anuppattidhammatāpādanena dhotāni vikkhālitāni visodhitāni rāgādīni tīṇi malāni kāmāsavādayo ca cattāro āsavā yehi te <span class="bld">ñāṇambuniddhātamalāsavā,</span> tehīti attho. Iminā ca na kevalaṃ etesu ācariyabhāvoyeva, atha kho rāgādimalarahitā khīṇāsavā visuddhasattā eteti dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Khīṇāsavabhāvepi na ete sukkhavipassakā, atha kho evarūpehipi ānubhāvehi samannāgatāti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘visuddhavijjāpaṭisambhidehī’’</span>ti. Visuddhā accantaparisuddhā vijjā catasso ca paṭisambhidā yesaṃ te visuddhavijjāpaṭisambhidā, tehi. Ekadesena paṭisambhidaṃ appattānaṃ ariyānameva abhāvato etehi adhigatapaṭisambhidā paṭutaraladdhappabhedāti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">visuddha</span>ggahaṇaṃ kataṃ. <span class="bld">Vijjā</span>ti tisso vijjā, aṭṭha vijjā vā. Tattha dibbacakkhuñāṇaṃ pubbenivāsañāṇaṃ āsavakkhayañāṇañcāti imā tisso vijjā. Aṭṭha vijjā pana –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vipassanāñāṇamanomayiddhi<a name="M1.0018"></a>,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Iddhippabhedopi ca dibbasotaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Parassa cetopariyāyañāṇaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Pubbenivāsānugatañca ñāṇaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Dibbañca cakkhāsavasaṅkhayo ca,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Etāni ñāṇāni idhaṭṭha vijjā’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ vipassanāñāṇamanomayiddhīhi saddhiṃ pariggahitā cha abhiññāyeva. Atthapaṭisambhidā dhammapaṭisambhidā niruttipaṭisambhidā paṭibhānapaṭisambhidāti catasso paṭisambhidā. Tattha saṅkhepato hetuphale ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā, hetumhi ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā, hetuhetuphalānurūpaṃ vohāresu ñāṇaṃ niruttipaṭisambhidā, idaṃ ñāṇaṃ imamatthaṃ jotayatīti iminā ākārena heṭṭhā vuttesu tīsu ñāṇesu pavattañāṇaṃ paṭibhānapaṭisambhidā. Etāsaṃ pana vitthārakathā atipapañcabhāvato idha na vuccati. Paṭisambhidāppattānaṃ saddhammesu chekabhāvato āha <span class="bld">‘‘saddhammasaṃvaṇṇanakovidehī’’</span>ti. ‘‘Paṭisambhidāppattānampi dhammesu abhiyogavasena viseso hotīti laddhapaṭisambhidāsu sātisayataṃ dassetuṃ āhā’’tipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Saddhammasaṃvaṇṇanakovidehī</span>ti piṭakattayasaṅkhātassa saddhammassa saṃvaṇṇane sabbaso atthappakāsane kovidehi chekehi, kusalehīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kilesajālaṃ <a name="V1.0018"></a> parikkhārabāhullaṃ vā saṃlikhati tanuṃ karotīti <span class="bld">sallekho</span>. Idha pana khīṇāsavādhikārattā parikkhārabāhullassa sallikhanavaseneva attho gahetabbo, tatoyeva ca <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipade</span> ‘‘sallekhiye parimitaparikkhāravuttiyā’’ti attho vutto. Sallekhassa bhāvo <span class="bld">sallekhiyaṃ,</span> tasmiṃ sallekhiye, sallekhapaṭipattiyanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Nosulabhūpamehī</span>ti asulabhūpamehi sallekhapaṭipattiyā asukasadisāti tesaṃ upamāya anucchavikapuggalānaṃ dullabhattā natthi sulabhā upamā etesanti nosulabhūpamā. <span class="bld">Mahāvihārassā</span>ti cittalapabbataabhayagirisesanikāyadvayaṃ paṭikkhipati. <span class="bld">Dhajūpamehī</span>ti rathassa sañjānanahetukaṃ rathe baddhadhajaṃ viya ajānantānaṃ ‘‘asukehi ca asukehi ca therehi nivāsito <a name="M1.0019"></a> mahāvihāro nāmā’’ti evaṃ mahāvihārassa sañjānanahetuttā mahāvihārassa dhajūpamehi. <span class="bld">Saṃvaṇṇito</span>ti sammā anūnaṃ katvā vaṇṇito. Saṃvaṇṇito ayaṃ vinayoti padacchedo kātabbo. <span class="bld">Cittehi nayehī</span>ti anekappabhedanayattā vicittehi nayehi. <span class="bld">Sambuddhavaranvayehī</span>ti sabbaññubuddhavaraṃ anugatehi, bhagavato adhippāyānugatehi nayehīti vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā buddhavaraṃ anugatehi pubbācariyāsabhehīti sambandho kātabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathāya anūnabhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni attano saṃvaṇṇanāya payojanavisesaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘saṃvaṇṇanā’’</span>tiādimāha. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – kiñcāpi pubbācariyāsabhehi yathāvuttaguṇavisiṭṭhehi ayaṃ vinayo sabbaso vaṇṇito, tathāpi tesaṃ esā saṃvaṇṇanā sīhaḷadīpavāsīnaṃ bhāsāya saṅkhatattā racitattā dīpantare bhikkhujanassa sīhaḷadīpato aññadīpavāsino bhikkhugaṇassa kiñci atthaṃ payojanaṃ yasmā nābhisambhuṇāti na sampādeti na sādheti, tasmā imaṃ saṃvaṇṇanaṃ pāḷinayānurūpaṃ katvā buddhasirittherena ajjhiṭṭho idāni samārabhissanti. Tattha saṃvaṇṇiyati attho etāyāti <span class="bld">saṃvaṇṇanā,</span> aṭṭhakathā. Sā pana dhammasaṅgāhakattherehi paṭhamaṃ tīṇi piṭakāni saṅgāyitvā tassa atthavaṇṇanānurūpeneva vācanāmaggaṃ āropitattā tisso saṅgītiyo āruḷhoyeva buddhavacanassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanābhūto kathāmaggo. Soyeva ca mahāmahindattherena tambapaṇṇidīpaṃ ābhato, pacchā tambapaṇṇiyehi mahātherehi nikāyantaraladdhīhi saṅkarapariharaṇatthaṃ sīhaḷabhāsāya ṭhapito. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘sīhaḷadīpakenā’’</span>tiādi. Sīhassa lānato gahaṇato <span class="bld">sīhaḷo,</span> sīhakumāro. Taṃvaṃsajātatāya tambapaṇṇidīpe khattiyānaṃ tesaṃ nivāsatāya tambapaṇṇidīpassapi sīhaḷabhāvo veditabbo, tasmiṃ sīhaḷadīpe bhūtattā <span class="bld">sīhaḷadīpakena vākyena</span> vacanena, sīhaḷabhāsāyāti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pāḷinayānurūpa</span>nti pāḷinayassa anurūpaṃ katvā, māgadhabhāsāya parivattitvāti vuttaṃ hoti<a name="V1.0019"></a>. <span class="bld">Ajjhesana</span>nti garuṭṭhāniyaṃ payirupāsitvā garutaraṃ payojanaṃ uddissa abhipatthanā ajjhesanā, taṃ ajjhesanaṃ, āyācananti attho. Tassa ‘‘samanussaranto’’ti iminā sambandho. Kassa ajjhesananti <a name="M1.0020"></a> āha <span class="bld">‘‘buddhasirivhayassa therassā’’</span>ti. Buddhasirīti avhayo nāmaṃ yassa soyaṃ <span class="bld">buddhasirivhayo,</span> tassa, itthannāmassa therassa ajjhesanaṃ sammā ādarena samanussaranto hadaye ṭhapentoti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni attano saṃvaṇṇanāya karaṇappakāraṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘saṃvaṇṇanaṃ tañcā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha tañca idāni vuccamānaṃ saṃvaṇṇanaṃ samārabhanto sakalāyapi mahāaṭṭhakathāya idha gahetabbato mahāaṭṭhakathaṃ tassā idāni vuccamānāya saṃvaṇṇanāya sarīraṃ katvā mahāpaccariyaṃ yo vinicchayo vutto, tatheva kurundīnāmādīsu vissutāsu aṭṭhakathāsu yo vinicchayo vutto, tatopi vinicchayato yuttamatthaṃ apariccajanto antogadhattheravādaṃ katvā saṃvaṇṇanaṃ samārabhissanti padatthasambandho veditabbo. Ettha ca attho kathiyati etāyāti atthakathā, sāyeva <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathā</span> tthakārassa ṭṭhakāraṃ katvā ‘‘dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho’’tiādīsu (paṭi. ma. 1.17; 2.8) viya. <span class="bld">Mahāpaccariya</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">paccarī</span>ti uḷumpaṃ vuccati, tasmiṃ nisīditvā katattā tameva nāmaṃ jātaṃ. Kurundivallivihāro nāma atthi, tattha katattā <span class="bld">kurundī</span>ti nāmaṃ jātanti vadanti. Ādisaddena andhakaṭṭhakathaṃ saṅkhepaṭṭhakathañca saṅgaṇhāti. <span class="bld">Vissutāsū</span>ti sabbattha patthaṭāsu, pākaṭāsūti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yuttamattha</span>nti ettha tāva <span class="bld">majjhimagaṇṭhipade cūḷagaṇṭhipade</span> ca idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘yuttamatthanti saṃvaṇṇetabbaṭṭhānassa yuttamatthaṃ, na pana tattha ayuttampi atthīti vuttaṃ hotī’’ti. <span class="bld">Mahāgaṇṭhipade</span> panettha na kiñci vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Kenaci</span> pana ‘‘mahāaṭṭhakathānayena vinayayuttiyā vā yuttamattha’’nti vuttaṃ, taṃ yuttaṃ viya dissati mahāpaccariādīsupi katthaci ayuttassāpi atthassa upari vibhāvanato. ‘‘Aṭṭhakathaṃyeva gahetvā saṃvaṇṇanaṃ karissāmī’’ti vutte aṭṭhakathāsu vuttattheravādānaṃ bāhirabhāvo siyāti tepi antokattukāmo <span class="bld">‘‘antogadhatheravāda’’</span>nti āha, theravādepi antokatvāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Saṃvaṇṇana</span>nti aparakālakiriyāya kammaniddeso. Pubbe vuttaṃ tu ‘‘saṃvaṇṇana’’nti vacanaṃ tattheva ‘‘samārabhanto’’ti pubbakālakiriyāya kammabhāvena yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Sammā</span>ti vattabbe gāthābandhavasena rassabhāvo katoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M1.0021"></a> karaṇappakāraṃ dassetvā idāni sotūhi paṭipajjitabbavidhiṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘taṃ me’’</span>tiādimāha. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – idāni vuccamānaṃ taṃ mama saṃvaṇṇanaṃ dhammapadīpassa tathāgatassa <a name="V1.0020"></a> dhammaṃ sāsanadhammaṃ pāḷidhammaṃ vā sakkaccaṃ paṭimānayantā pūjentā thirehi sīlakkhandhādīhi samannāgatattā therā, acirapabbajitattā navā, tesaṃ majjhe bhavattā majjhimā ca bhikkhū pasannacittā yathāvuttanayena sappayojanattā upari vakkhamānavidhinā pamāṇattā ca saddahitvā pītisomanassayuttacittā issāpakatā ahutvā nisāmentu suṇantūti. Tattha <span class="bld">dhammappadīpassā</span>ti dhammoyeva sattasantānesu mohandhakāravidhamanato padīpasadisattā padīpo assāti dhammapadīpo, bhagavā. Tassa dhammapadīpassa.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni attano saṃvaṇṇanāya āgamavisuddhiṃ dassetvā pamāṇabhāvaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘buddhenā’’</span>tiādimāha. Yatheva buddhena yo dhammo ca vinayo ca vutto, so tassa buddhassa yehi puttehi dhammasenāpatiādīhi tatheva ñāto, tesaṃ buddhaputtānaṃ matimaccajantā sīhaḷaṭṭhakathācariyā yasmā pure aṭṭhakathā akaṃsūti ayamettha sambandho. Tattha <span class="bld">dhammo</span>ti suttābhidhamme saṅgaṇhāti, <span class="bld">vinayo</span>ti sakalaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ. Ettāvatā ca sabbampi buddhavacanaṃ niddiṭṭhaṃ hoti. Sakalañhi buddhavacanaṃ dhammavinayavasena duvidhaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Vutto</span>ti pāḷito ca atthato ca buddhena bhagavatā vutto. Na hi bhagavatā abyākataṃ nāma tantipadaṃ atthi, sabbesaṃyeva attho kathito, tasmā sammāsambuddheneva tiṇṇaṃ piṭakānaṃ atthavaṇṇanākkamopi bhāsitoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Tattha tattha bhagavatā pavattitā pakiṇṇakadesanāyeva hi aṭṭhakathā. Tatheva ñāto</span>ti yatheva buddhena vutto, tatheva ekapadampi ekakkharampi avināsetvā adhippāyañca avikopetvā ñāto viditoti attho. <span class="bld">Tesaṃ matimaccajantā</span>ti tesaṃ buddhaputtānaṃ adhippāyaṃ apariccajantā. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhakathā akaṃsū</span>ti aṭṭhakathāyo akaṃsu. Katthaci ‘‘aṭṭhakathāmakaṃsū’’ti pāṭho dissati, tatthāpi soyevattho, ma-kāro pana padasandhivasena āgatoti daṭṭhabbo. ‘‘Aṭṭhakathā’’ti bahuvacananiddesena mahāpaccariyādikaṃ saṅgaṇhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tasmā</span>ti yasmā tesaṃ buddhaputtānaṃ adhippāyaṃ avikopetvā pure aṭṭhakathā akaṃsu, tasmāti attho. <span class="bld">Hī</span>ti nipātamattaṃ hetuatthassa <a name="M1.0022"></a> ‘‘tasmā’’ti imināyeva pakāsitattā. Yadi aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ sabbampi pamāṇaṃ, evaṃ sati tattha pamādalekhāpi pamāṇaṃ siyāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘vajjayitvāna pamādalekha’’</span>nti. Tattha <span class="bld">pamādalekha</span>nti aparabhāge potthakāruḷhakāle pamajjitvā likhanavasena pavattaṃ pamādapāṭhaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – pamādena satiṃ apaccupaṭṭhapetvā adinnādānassa pubbapayoge ‘‘saccepi alikepi dukkaṭa’’nti vuttavacanasadisaṃ yaṃ likhitaṃ, taṃ vajjayitvā apanetvā sabbaṃ pamāṇanti. Vakkhati hi tattha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ <a name="V1.0021"></a> pana saccepi alikepi dukkaṭameva vuttaṃ, taṃ pamādalikhitanti veditabbaṃ. Na hi adinnādānassa pubbapayoge pācittiyaṭṭhāne dukkaṭaṃ nāma atthī’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.94).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kesaṃ pamāṇanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sikkhāsu sagāravānaṃ idha paṇḍitāna’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Idhā</span>ti imasmiṃ sāsane. Puna ‘‘yasmā’’ti vacanassa ko sambandhoti ce? Ettha tāva <span class="bld">mahāgaṇṭhipade gaṇṭhipade</span> ca na kiñci vuttaṃ, <span class="bld">majjhimagaṇṭhipade</span> pana <span class="bld">cūḷagaṇṭhipade</span> ca idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘yasmā pamāṇaṃ, tasmā nisāmentu pasannacittā’’ti. Evamassa sambandho daṭṭhabbo. Yasmā aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ pamāṇaṃ, tasmā idha vuttampi pamāṇamevāti pāṭhasesaṃ katvā <span class="bld">vajirabuddhitthero</span> vadati. Tattha <span class="bld">idhā</span>ti imissā samantapāsādikāyāti attho gahetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha ‘‘yasmā’’ti vacanassa paṭhamaṃ vuttasambandhavasena aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ sabbampi pamāṇanti sādhitattā idāni vuccamānāpi saṃvaṇṇanā kevalaṃ vacanamatteneva bhinnā, atthato pana aṭṭhakathāyevāti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tato ca bhāsantaramevā’’</span>tiādimāha. Pacchā vuttasambandhavasena pana idha vuttampi kasmā pamāṇanti ce? Yasmā vacanamattaṃ ṭhapetvā esāpi aṭṭhakathāyeva, tasmā pamāṇanti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tato ca bhāsantaramevā’’</span>tiādimāha. Evamākulaṃ dubbiññeyyasabhāvañca katvā <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> sambandho dassito, anākulavacano ca bhadantabuddhaghosācariyo. Na hi so evamākulaṃ katvā vattumarahati, tasmā yathādhippetamatthamanākulaṃ suviññeyyañca katvā yathāṭhitassa sambandhavaseneva dassayissāma. Kathaṃ? Yasmā aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ pamāṇaṃ, tasmā sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti evamettha sambandho daṭṭhabbo. Yadi nāma aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ pamāṇaṃ, ayaṃ pana <a name="M1.0023"></a> idāni vuccamānā kasmā sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tato ca bhāsantarameva hitvā’’</span>tiādi. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yasmā aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ pamāṇaṃ, yasmā ca ayaṃ saṃvaṇṇanāpi bhāsantarapariccāgādimattavisiṭṭhā, atthato pana abhinnāva, tatoyeva ca pamāṇabhūtā hessati, tasmā sakkaccaṃ ādaraṃ katvā anusikkhitabbāti. Tathā hi porāṇaṭṭhakathānaṃ pamāṇabhāvo, imissā ca saṃvaṇṇanāya bhāsantarapariccāgādimattavisiṭṭhāya atthato tato abhinnabhāvoti ubhayampetaṃ sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbabhāvahetūti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Na hi kevalaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathānaṃ satipi pamāṇabhāve ayaṃ saṃvaṇṇanā tato bhinnā atthato aññāyeva ca sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti vattumarahati, nāpi imissā saṃvaṇṇanāya tatoabhinnabhāvepi porāṇaṭṭhakathānaṃ asati pamāṇabhāve ayaṃ saṃvaṇṇanā sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti <a name="V1.0022"></a> vattuṃ yuttarūpā hoti, tasmā yathāvuttanayena ubhayampetaṃ sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbabhāvahetūti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tato</span>ti aṭṭhakathāto. <span class="bld">Bhāsantarameva hitvā</span>ti kañcukasadisaṃ sīhaḷabhāsaṃ apanetvā. <span class="bld">Vitthāramaggañca samāsayitvā</span>ti porāṇaṭṭhakathāsu upari vuccamānampi ānetvā tattha tattha papañcitaṃ ‘‘ñatticatutthena kammena akuppena ṭhānārahena upasampannoti bhikkhū’’ti (pārā. 45) ettha apalokanādīnaṃ catunnampi kammānaṃ vitthārakathā viya tādisaṃ vitthāramaggaṃ saṅkhipitvā vaṇṇayissāmāti adhippāyo. Tathā hi vakkhati –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ettha ca ñatticatutthakammaṃ ekameva āgataṃ, imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne ṭhatvā cattāri saṅghakammāni nīharitvā vitthārato kathetabbānīti sabbaaṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ, tāni ca ‘apalokanakammaṃ ñattikammaṃ ñattidutiyakammaṃ ñatticatutthakamma’nti paṭipāṭiyā ṭhapetvā vitthārena khandhakato parivārāvasāne kammavibhaṅgato ca pāḷiṃ āharitvā kathitāni. Tāni mayaṃ parivārāvasāne kammavibhaṅgeyeva vaṇṇayissāma. Evañhi sati paṭhamapārājikavaṇṇanā ca na bhāriyā bhavissati, yathāṭhitāya ca pāḷiyā vaṇṇanā suviññeyyā bhavissati, tāni ca ṭhānāni asuññāni bhavissanti, tasmā anupadavaṇṇanameva karomā’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.45 bhikkhupadabhājanīyavaṇṇanā).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vinicchayaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0024"></a> <span class="bld">sabbamasesayitvā</span>ti taṃtaṃaṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ sabbampi vinicchayaṃ asesayitvā sesaṃ akatvā, kiñcimattampi apariccajitvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Vaṇṇituṃ yuttarūpaṃ hutvā anukkamena āgataṃ pāḷiṃ apariccajitvā saṃvaṇṇanato sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāsu ayuttaṭṭhāne vaṇṇitaṃ yathāṭhāneyeva saṃvaṇṇanato ca vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tantikkamaṃ kiñci avokkamitvā’’</span>ti, kiñci pāḷikkamaṃ anatikkamitvā anukkameneva vaṇṇayissāmāti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Suttantikānaṃ vacanānamattha</span>nti suttantapāḷiyaṃ āgatānampi vacanānamatthaṃ. Sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāsu ‘‘suttantikānaṃ bhāro’’ti vatvā avuttānampi verañjakaṇḍādīsu jhānakathāānāpānassatisamaādhiādīnaṃ suttantavacanānamatthaṃ taṃtaṃsuttānurūpaṃ sabbaso paridīpayissāmīti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Hessatī</span>ti bhavissati, kariyissatīti vā attho. Ettha ca paṭhamasmiṃ atthavikappe bhāsantarapariccāgādikaṃ catubbidhaṃ kiccaṃ nipphādetvā suttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthaṃ paridīpayantī ayaṃ vaṇṇanā bhavissatīti vaṇṇanāya vasena samānakattukatā veditabbā. Pacchimasmiṃ atthavikappe <a name="V1.0023"></a> pana heṭṭhāvuttabhāsantarapariccāgādiṃ katvā suttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthaṃ paridīpayantī ayaṃ vaṇṇanā amhehi kariyissatīti evaṃ ācariyavasena samānakattukatā veditabbā. <span class="bld">Vaṇṇanāpī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">api</span>saddaṃ gahetvā ‘‘tasmāpi sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti yojetabba’’nti <span class="bld">cūḷagaṇṭhipade</span> vuttaṃ. Tattha pubbe vuttappayojanavisesaṃ pamāṇabhāvañca sampiṇḍetīti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Majjhimagaṇṭhipade</span> pana ‘‘tasmā sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāpī’’ti sambandho vutto. Ettha pana na kevalaṃ ayaṃ vaṇṇanā hessati, atha kho anusikkhitabbāpīti imamatthaṃ sampiṇḍetīti adhippāyo. Etthāpi yathāṭhitavaseneva apisaddassa attho gahetabboti amhākaṃ khanti. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yasmā aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ pamāṇaṃ, yasmā ca ayaṃ vaṇṇanāpi tato abhinnattā pamāṇabhūtāyeva hessati, tasmā sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti.</p>
<p class="centered">Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="title">Bāhiranidānakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="M1.0025"></a><a name="V1.0024"></a> ‘‘taṃ vaṇṇayissaṃ vinaya’’nti paṭiññātattā yathāpaṭiññātavinayasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ kattukāmo saṃvaravinayapahānavinayādivasena vinayassa bahuvidhattā idha saṃvaṇṇetabbabhāvena adhippeto tāva vinayo vavatthapetabboti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘tatthā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">tatthā</span>ti tāsu gāthāsu. <span class="bld">Tāva</span>-saddo paṭhamanti imasmiṃ atthe daṭṭhabbo. Tena paṭhamaṃ vinayaṃ vavatthapetvā pacchā tassa vaṇṇanaṃ karissāmīti dīpeti. <span class="bld">Vavatthapetabbo</span>ti niyametabbo. <span class="bld">Tenetaṃ vuccatī</span>ti yasmā vavatthapetabbo, tena hetunā etaṃ ‘‘vinayo nāmā’’tiādikaṃ niyāmakavacanaṃ vuccatīti attho. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti vinayassa. <span class="bld">Mātikā</span>ti uddeso. So hi niddesapadānaṃ jananīṭhāne ṭhitattā mātā viyāti mātikāti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni vaṇṇetabbamatthaṃ mātikaṃ ṭhapetvā dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘vuttaṃ yenā’’</span>tiādi. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – etaṃ ‘‘tena samayena buddho bhagavā verañjāyaṃ viharatī’’tiādinidānavacanapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ yena puggalena vuttaṃ, yasmiṃ kāle vuttaṃ, yasmā kāraṇā vuttaṃ, yena dhāritaṃ, yena ca ābhataṃ, yesu patiṭṭhitaṃ, etaṃ yathāvuttavidhānaṃ vatvā tato ‘‘tena samayenā’’tiādipāṭhassa atthaṃ anekappakārato dassayanto vinayassa atthavaṇṇanaṃ karissāmīti. Ettha ca ‘‘vuttaṃ yena yadā yasmā’’ti idaṃ vacanaṃ ‘‘tena samayena buddho bhagavā’’tiādinidānavacanamattaṃ apekkhitvā vattukāmopi visuṃ avatvā ‘‘nidānena ādikalyāṇaṃ, ‘idamavocā’ti nigamanena pariyosānakalyāṇa’’nti ca vacanato nidānanigamanānipi satthudesanāya anuvidhānattā tadantogadhānevāti nidānassapi vinayapāḷiyaṃyeva antogadhattā ‘‘vuttaṃ yena yadā yasmā’’ti idampi vinayapiṭakasambandhaṃyeva katvā mātikaṃ ṭhapesi. Mātikāya hi ‘‘eta’’nti vuttaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃyeva sāmaññato sabbattha sambandhamupagacchati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni pana taṃ visuṃ nīharitvā dassento <span class="bld">‘‘tattha vuttaṃ yenā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">tatthā</span>ti tesu mātikāpadesu. Atha kasmā idameva vacanaṃ sandhāya vuttanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘idañhī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Ida</span>nti ‘‘tena samayena buddho bhagavā’’tiādivacanaṃ<a name="M1.0026"></a>. <span class="bld">Hi</span>-saddo yasmāti atthe daṭṭhabbo, yasmā buddhassa bhagavato attapaccakkhavacanaṃ na hoti, tasmāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Attapaccakkhavacanaṃ na hotī</span>ti attano paccakkhaṃ katvā vuttavacanaṃ na hoti, bhagavatā vuttavacanaṃ <a name="V1.0025"></a> na hotīti adhippāyo. ‘‘Attapaccakkhavacanaṃ na hotīti āhacca bhāsitaṃ na hotīti adhippāyo’’ti <span class="bld">kenaci</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Gaṇṭhipade</span> pana ‘‘attapaccakkhavacanaṃ na hotīti attano dharamānakāle vuttavacanaṃ na hotī’’ti likhitaṃ. Tadubhayampi atthato samānameva. Idāni pañhakaraṇaṃ vatvā anukkamena yathāvuttapañhavissajjanaṃ karonto <span class="bld">‘‘āyasmatā’’</span>tiādimāha. Iminā puggalaṃ niyameti, <span class="bld">‘‘tañcā’’</span>tiādinā kālaṃ niyameti. Tañca upālittherena vuttavacanaṃ kālato paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle vuttanti attho.</p>
<p class="subhead">Paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni taṃ paṭhamamahāsaṅgītiṃ dassetukāmo tassā tantiāruḷhāya idha vacane kāraṇaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti nāma cesā…pe… veditabbā’’</span>ti āha. <span class="bld">Paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti nāma cesā</span>ti <span class="bld">ca</span>-saddo īdisesu ṭhānesu vattabbasampiṇḍanattho, tañca paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle vuttaṃ, esā ca paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti evaṃ veditabbāti vuttaṃ hoti. Upaññāsattho vā <span class="bld">ca</span>-saddo. <span class="bld">Upaññāso</span>ti ca vākyārambho vuccati. Esā hi ganthakārānaṃ pakati, yadidaṃ kiñci vatvā puna paraṃ vattumārabhantānaṃ casaddappayogo. Yaṃ pana <span class="bld">kenaci</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti nāma cāti ettha ca-saddo atirekattho, tena aññāpi atthīti dīpetī’’ti. Tadeva tassa ganthakkame akovidataṃ dasseti. Na hettha casaddena atirekattho viññāyati. Yadi cettha etadatthoyeva ca-kāro adhippeto siyā, evaṃ sati na kattabboyeva paṭhamasaddeneva aññāsaṃ dutiyādisaṅgītīnampi atthibhāvassa dīpitattā. Dutiyādiṃ upādāya hi paṭhamasaddappayogo dīghādiṃ upādāya rassādisaddappayogo viya. Yathāpaccayaṃ tattha tattha desitattā paññattattā ca vippakiṇṇānaṃ dhammavinayānaṃ saṅgahetvā gāyanaṃ kathanaṃ <span class="bld">saṅgīti</span>. Etena taṃtaṃsikkhāpadānaṃ suttānañca ādipariyosānesu antarantarā ca sambandhavasena ṭhapitaṃ saṅgītikāravacanaṃ <a name="M1.0027"></a> saṅgahitaṃ hoti. Mahāvisayattā pūjanīyattā ca mahatī saṅgīti <span class="bld">mahāsaṅgīti,</span> paṭhamā mahāsaṅgīti <span class="bld">paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti</span>. <span class="bld">Nidānakosallattha</span>nti nidadāti desanaṃ desakālādivasena aviditaṃ viditaṃ katvā nidassetīti nidānaṃ, tattha kosallaṃ nidānakosallaṃ, tadatthanti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sattānaṃ dassanānuttariyasaraṇādipaṭilābhahetubhūtāsu vijjamānāsupi aññāsu bhagavato kiriyāsu ‘‘buddho bodheyya’’nti paṭiññāya anulomanato veneyyānaṃ maggaphaluppattihetubhūtā kiriyā <a name="V1.0026"></a> nippariyāyena buddhakiccanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘dhammacakkappavattanañhi ādiṃ katvā’’</span>ti. Tattha saddhindriyādidhammoyeva pavattanaṭṭhena cakkanti <span class="bld">dhammacakkaṃ</span>. Atha vā cakkanti āṇā, dhammato anapetattā dhammañca taṃ cakkañcāti dhammacakkaṃ, dhammena ñāyena cakkantipi dhammacakkaṃ. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Dhammañca pavatteti cakkañcāti dhammacakkaṃ, cakkañca pavatteti dhammañcāti dhammacakkaṃ, dhammena pavattetīti dhammacakkaṃ, dhammacariyāya pavattetīti dhammacakka’’ntiādi (paṭi. ma. 2.40).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Katabuddhakicce</span>ti kataṃ pariniṭṭhāpitaṃ buddhakiccaṃ yena, tasmiṃ katabuddhakicce bhagavati lokanātheti sambandho. Etena buddhakattabbassa kassacipi asesitabhāvaṃ dasseti. Tatoyeva hi so bhagavā parinibbutoti. Nanu ca sāvakehi vinītāpi vineyyā bhagavatāyeva vinītā honti, tathā hi sāvakabhāsitaṃ suttaṃ buddhavacananti vuccati, sāvakavineyyā ca na tāva vinītāti? Nāyaṃ doso tesaṃ vinayanūpāyassa sāvakesu ṭhapitattā. Tenevāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Na tāvāhaṃ pāpima parinibbāyissāmi, yāva na bhikkhū viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desessantī’’tiādi (dī. ni. 2.168).</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Kusinārāya’’ntiādinā bhagavato parinibbutadesakālavisesadassanaṃ, ‘‘aparinibbuto bhagavā’’ti gāhassa micchābhāvadassanatthaṃ loke <a name="M1.0028"></a> jātasaṃvaḍḍhabhāvadassanatthañca. Tathā hi manussabhāvassa supākaṭakaraṇatthaṃ mahābodhisattā carimabhave dārapariggahādīnipi karontīti. <span class="bld">Kusinārāya</span>nti evaṃnāmake nagare. Samīpatthe cetaṃ bhummavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Upavattane mallānaṃ sālavane</span>ti tassa nagarassa upavattanabhūtaṃ mallarājūnaṃ sālavanuyyānaṃ dasseti. Tattha nagaraṃ pavisitukāmā uyyānato upecca vattanti gacchanti etenāti upavattananti sālavanaṃ vuccati. Yathā hi anurādhapurassa thūpārāmo dakkhiṇapacchimadisāyaṃ, evaṃ taṃ uyyānaṃ kusinārāya dakkhiṇapacchimadisāya hoti. Yathā ca thūpārāmato dakkhiṇadvārena nagaraṃ pavisanamaggo pācīnamukho gantvā uttarena nivattati, evaṃ uyyānato sālapanti pācīnamukhā gantvā uttarena nivattā, tasmā taṃ ‘‘upavattana’’nti vuccati. <span class="bld">Yamakasālānamantare</span>ti yamakasālānaṃ vemajjhe. Tattha <a name="V1.0027"></a> kira bhagavato paññattassa parinibbānamañcassa ekā sālapanti sīsabhāge hoti, ekā pādabhāge, tatrāpi eko taruṇasālo sīsabhāgassa āsanno hoti, eko pādabhāgassa, tasmā ‘‘yamakasālānamantare’’ti vuttaṃ. Api ca ‘‘yamakasālā nāma mūlakkhandhaviṭapapattehi aññamaññaṃ saṃsibbetvā ṭhitasālā’’tipi <span class="bld">mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā</span>ti upādīyate kammakilesehīti upādi, vipākakkhandhā kaṭattā ca rūpaṃ. So pana upādi kilesābhisaṅkhāramāranimmathanena nibbānappattiyaṃ anossaṭṭho, idha khandhamaccumāranimmathanena ossaṭṭho nisesitoti ayaṃ anupādisesā nibbānadhātu natthi etissā upādisesoti katvā. <span class="bld">Nibbānadhātū</span>ti cettha nibbutimattaṃ adhippetaṃ, itthambhūtalakkhaṇe cāyaṃ karaṇaniddeso. <span class="bld">Parinibbāne</span>ti parinibbānaṭṭhāne, nimittatthe vā bhummavacanaṃ, parinibbānahetu sannipatitānanti attho. Saṅghassa thero <span class="bld">saṅghatthero</span>. So pana saṅgho kiṃparimāṇoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sattannaṃ bhikkhusatasahassāna’’</span>nti. Niccasāpekkhattā hi īdisesu samāso hotiyeva yathā ‘‘devadattassa garukula’’nti. <span class="bld">Sattannaṃ bhikkhusatasahassāna</span>nti ca saṅghattherānaṃyeva sattannaṃ bhikkhusatasahassānaṃ. Tadā hi ‘‘sannipatitā bhikkhū ettakā’’ti pamāṇarahitā. Tathā hi veḷuvagāme vedanāvikkhambhanato paṭṭhāya ‘‘na cirena bhagavā parinibbāyissatī’’ti sutvā tato tato āgatesu bhikkhūsu ekabhikkhupi pakkanto nāma natthi, tasmā gaṇanaṃ vītivatto saṅgho ahosi. Āyasmā <a name="M1.0029"></a> mahākassapo dhammavinayasaṅgāyanatthaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhaṃ janesīti sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">mahākassapo</span>ti mahantehi sīlakkhandhādīhi samannāgatattā mahanto kassapoti mahākassapo, apica kumārakassapattheraṃ upādāya ayaṃ mahāthero ‘‘mahākassapo’’ti vuccati. Atha kimatthaṃ āyasmā mahākassapo dhammavinayasaṅgāyanatthaṃ ussāhaṃ janesīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sattāhaparinibbute’’</span>tiādi. Satta ahāni samāhaṭāni sattāhaṃ, sattāhaṃ parinibbutassa assāti <span class="bld">sattāhaparinibbuto,</span> bhagavā, tasmiṃ sattāhaparinibbute bhagavati, bhagavato parinibbānadivasato paṭṭhāya sattāhe vītivatteti vuttaṃ hoti. Subhaddena vuḍḍhapabbajitena vuttavacanaṃ samanussarantoti sambandho. Tattha <span class="bld">subhaddo</span>ti tassa nāmaṃ, vuḍḍhakāle pana pabbajitattā <span class="bld">vuḍḍhapabbajito</span>ti vuccati. <span class="bld">‘‘Alaṃ āvuso’’</span>tiādinā tena vuttavacanaṃ nidasseti. So hi sattāhaparinibbute bhagavati āyasmatā mahākassapattherena saddhiṃ pāvāya kusināraṃ addhānamaggappaṭipannesu pañcamattesu bhikkhusatesu avītarāge bhikkhū antarāmagge diṭṭhaājīvakassa <a name="V1.0028"></a> santikā bhagavato parinibbānaṃ sutvā pattacīvarāni chaḍḍetvā bāhā paggayha nānappakāraṃ paridevante disvā evamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmā pana so evamāha? Bhagavati āghātena. Ayaṃ kira so <span class="bld">khandhake</span> (mahāva. 303) āgate ātumāvatthusmiṃ nahāpitapubbako vuḍḍhapabbajito bhagavati kusinārato nikkhamitvā aḍḍhateḷasehi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ ātumaṃ gacchante ‘‘bhagavā āgacchatī’’ti sutvā āgatakāle ‘‘yāgudānaṃ karissāmī’’ti sāmaṇerabhūmiyaṃ ṭhite dve putte etadavoca ‘‘bhagavā kira tātā ātumaṃ āgacchati mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ aḍḍhateḷasehi bhikkhusatehi, gacchatha tumhe tātā khurabhaṇḍaṃ ādāya nāḷiyāvāpakena anugharakaṃ anugharakaṃ āhiṇḍatha, loṇampi telampi taṇḍulampi khādanīyampi saṃharatha, bhagavato āgatassa yāgudānaṃ karissāmī’’ti. Te tathā akaṃsu. Atha bhagavati ātumaṃ āgantvā bhusāgārakaṃ paviṭṭhe subhaddo sāyanhasamayaṃ gāmadvāraṃ gantvā manusse āmantetvā ‘‘hatthakammamattaṃ me dethā’’ti hatthakammaṃ yācitvā ‘‘kiṃ bhante <a name="M1.0030"></a> karomā’’ti vutte ‘‘idañcidañca gaṇhathā’’ti sabbūpakaraṇāni gāhāpetvā vihāre uddhanāni kāretvā ekaṃ kāḷakaṃ kāsāvaṃ nivāsetvā tādisameva pārupitvā ‘‘idaṃ karotha, idaṃ karothā’’ti sabbarattiṃ vicārento satasahassaṃ vissajjetvā bhojjayāguñca madhugoḷakañca paṭiyādāpesi. <span class="bld">Bhojjayāgu</span> nāma bhuñjitvā pātabbayāgu, tattha sappimadhuphāṇitamacchamaṃsapupphaphalarasādi yaṃ kiñci khādanīyaṃ nāma atthi, taṃ sabbaṃ pavisati, kīḷitukāmānaṃ sīsamakkhanayoggā hoti sugandhagandhā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha bhagavā kālasseva sarīrapaṭijagganaṃ katvā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto piṇḍāya carituṃ ātumābhimukho pāyāsi. Manussā tassa ārocesuṃ ‘‘bhagavā piṇḍāya gāmaṃ pavisati, tayā kassa yāgu paṭiyāditā’’ti. So yathānivatthapāruteheva tehi kāḷakakāsāvehi ekena hatthena dabbiñca kaṭacchuñca gahetvā brahmā viya dakkhiṇajāṇumaṇḍalaṃ bhūmiyaṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā vanditvā ‘‘paṭiggaṇhatu me bhante bhagavā yāgu’’nti āha. Tato ‘‘jānantāpi tathāgatā pucchantī’’ti <span class="bld">khandhake</span> (mahāva. 303) āgatanayena bhagavā pucchitvā ca sutvā ca taṃ vuḍḍhapabbajitaṃ vigarahitvā tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ akappiyasamādāpanasikkhāpadaṃ khurabhaṇḍapariharaṇasikkhāpadañcāti dve sikkhāpadāni paññapetvā ‘‘bhikkhave anekakappakoṭiyo bhojanaṃ pariyesanteheva vītināmitā, idaṃ pana tumhākaṃ akappiyaṃ, adhammena uppannabhojanaṃ imaṃ paribhuñjitvā anekāni attabhāvasahassāni apāyesveva nibbattissanti, apetha mā gaṇhathā’’ti bhikkhācārābhimukho agamāsi, ekabhikkhunāpi na kiñci gahitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Subhaddo <a name="V1.0029"></a> anattamano hutvā ‘‘ayaṃ ‘sabbaṃ jānāmī’ti āhiṇḍati, sace na gahetukāmo pesetvā ārocetabbaṃ assa, pakkāhāro nāma sabbaciraṃ tiṭṭhanto sattāhamattaṃ tiṭṭheyya, idañca mama yāvajīvaṃ pariyattaṃ assa, sabbaṃ tena nāsitaṃ, ahitakāmo ayaṃ mayha’’nti bhagavati āghātaṃ bandhitvā dasabale dharamāne kiñci vattuṃ nāsakkhi. Evaṃ kirassa ahosi ‘‘ayaṃ uccakulā pabbajito mahāpuriso, sace kiñci vakkhāmi, mamaṃyeva santajjessatī’’ti. Svāyaṃ ajja mahākassapattherena saddhiṃ āgacchanto ‘‘parinibbuto bhagavā’’ti sutvā laddhassāso <a name="M1.0031"></a> viya haṭṭhatuṭṭho evamāha. Thero pana taṃ sutvā hadaye pahāraṃ viya matthake patitasukkāsaniṃ viya maññi, dhammasaṃvego cassa uppajji ‘‘sattāhamattaparinibbuto bhagavā, ajjāpissa suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sarīraṃ dharatiyeva, dukkhena bhagavatā ārādhitasāsane nāma evaṃ lahuṃ mahantaṃ pāpakasaṭaṃ kaṇṭako uppanno, alaṃ kho panesa pāpo vaḍḍhamāno aññepi evarūpe sahāye labhitvā sāsanaṃ osakkāpetu’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato thero cintesi ‘‘sace kho panāhaṃ imaṃ mahallakaṃ idheva pilotikaṃ nivāsetvā chārikāya okirāpetvā nīharāpessāmi, manussā ‘samaṇassa gotamassa sarīre dharamāneyeva sāvakā vivadantī’ti amhākaṃ dosaṃ dassessanti, adhivāsemi tāva. Bhagavatā hi desitadhammo asaṅgahitapuppharāsisadiso, tattha yathā vātena pahaṭapupphāni yato vā tato vā gacchanti, evameva evarūpānaṃ vasena gacchante gacchante kāle vinaye ekaṃ dve sikkhāpadāni nassissanti vinassissanti, sutte eko dve pañhavārā nassissanti, abhidhamme ekaṃ dve bhūmantarāni nassissanti, evaṃ anukkamena mūle naṭṭhe pisācasadisā bhavissāma, tasmā dhammavinayasaṅgahaṃ karissāmi, evaṃ sati daḷhasuttena saṅgahitapupphāni viya ayaṃ dhammavinayo niccalo bhavissati. Etadatthañhi bhagavā mayhaṃ tīṇi gāvutāni paccuggamanaṃ akāsi, tīhi ovādehi upasampadaṃ akāsi, kāyato cīvaraparivattanaṃ akāsi, ākāse pāṇiṃ cāletvā candopamapaṭipadaṃ kathento maññeva sakkhiṃ katvā kathesi, tikkhattuṃ sakalasāsanaratanaṃ paṭicchāpesi, mādise bhikkhumhi tiṭṭhamāne ayaṃ pāpo sāsane vaḍḍhiṃ mā alatthu, yāva adhammo na dippati, dhammo na paṭibāhīyati, avinayo na dippati, vinayo na paṭibāhīyati, adhammavādino na balavanto honti, dhammavādino na dubbalā honti, avinayavādino na balavanto honti, vinayavādino na dubbalā honti, tāva dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyissāmi, tato bhikkhū attano attano pahonakaṃ gahetvā kappiyākappiye kathessanti, athāyaṃ pāpo sayameva niggahaṃ pāpuṇissati, puna sīsaṃ ukkhipituṃ na sakkhissati, sāsanaṃ iddhañceva phītañca bhavissatī’’ti. Cintetvā so ‘‘evaṃ nāma mayhaṃ cittaṃ <a name="V1.0030"></a> uppanna’’nti kassaci anārocetvā <a name="M1.0032"></a> bhikkhusaṅghaṃ samassāsetvā atha pacchā dhātubhājanadivase dhammavinayasaṅgāyanatthaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhaṃ janesi. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘āyasmā mahākassapo sattāhaparinibbute…pe… dhammavinayasaṅgāyanatthaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhaṃ janesī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">ala</span>nti paṭikkhepavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Āvuso</span>ti paridevante bhikkhū ālapati. <span class="bld">Mā socitthā</span>ti citte uppannabalavasokena mā socittha. <span class="bld">Mā paridevitthā</span>ti vācāya mā paridevittha ‘‘paridevanaṃ vilāpo’’ti vacanato. Idāni asocanādīsu kāraṇaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘sumuttā maya’’</span>ntiādimāha. <span class="bld">Tena mahāsamaṇenā</span>ti nissakke karaṇavacanaṃ, tato mahāsamaṇato suṭṭhu muttā mayanti attho, upaddutā ca homa tadāti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Homā</span>ti vā atītatthe vattamānavacanaṃ, ahumhāti attho, anussaranto dhammasaṃvegavasenāti adhippāyo. Dhammasabhāvacintāvasena pavattaṃ sahottappañāṇaṃ dhammasaṃvego. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbasaṅkhatadhammesu, ottappākārasaṇṭhitaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ñāṇamohitabhārānaṃ, dhammasaṃvegasaññita’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjatī</span>ti tiṭṭhati ettha phalaṃ tadāyattavuttitāyāti ṭhānaṃ, hetu. <span class="bld">Kho</span>ti avadhāraṇe, etaṃ kāraṇaṃ vijjateva, no na vijjatīti attho. Kiṃ taṃ kāraṇanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yaṃ pāpabhikkhū’’</span>tiādi. Ettha <span class="bld">ya</span>nti nipātamattaṃ, kāraṇaniddeso vā, yena kāraṇena antaradhāpeyyuṃ, tadetaṃ kāraṇaṃ vijjatīti attho. <span class="bld">Pāpabhikkhū</span>ti pāpikāya lāmikāya icchāya samannāgatā bhikkhū. Atīto atikkanto satthā ettha, etassāti vā <span class="bld">atītasatthukaṃ,</span> pāvacanaṃ. Padhānaṃ vacanaṃ <span class="bld">pāvacanaṃ,</span> dhammavinayanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Pakkhaṃ labhitvā</span>ti alajjīpakkhaṃ labhitvā. <span class="bld">Na cirassevā</span>ti na cireneva. <span class="bld">Yāva ca dhammavinayo tiṭṭhatī</span>ti yattakaṃ kālaṃ dhammo ca vinayo ca lajjīpuggalesu tiṭṭhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā</span>ti parinibbānamañcake nipannena bhagavatā bhikkhū ovadantena etaṃ vuttanti attho. <span class="bld">Desito paññatto</span>ti dhammopi desito ceva paññatto ca. Suttābhidhammasaṅgahitassa hi dhammassa abhisajjanaṃ pabodhanaṃ desanā, tasseva pakārato ñāpanaṃ vineyyasantāne ṭhapanaṃ paññāpanaṃ, tasmā dhammopi desito ceva paññatto cāti <a name="M1.0033"></a> vutto. <span class="bld">Paññatto</span>ti ca ṭhapitoti attho. Vinayopi desito ceva paññatto ca. Vinayatantisaṅgahitassa hi atthassa kāyavācānaṃ vinayanato <a name="V1.0031"></a> vinayoti laddhādhivacanassa atisajjanaṃ pabodhanaṃ desanā, tasseva pakārato ñāpanaṃ asaṅkarato ṭhapanaṃ paññāpanaṃ, tasmā vinayopi desito ceva paññatto cāti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">So vo mamaccayenā</span>ti so dhammavinayo tumhākaṃ mamaccayena satthā. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – mayā vo ṭhiteneva ‘‘idaṃ lahukaṃ, idaṃ garukaṃ, idaṃ satekicchaṃ, idaṃ atekicchaṃ, idaṃ lokavajjaṃ, idaṃ paṇṇattivajjaṃ. Ayaṃ āpatti puggalassa santike vuṭṭhāti, ayaṃ gaṇassa, ayaṃ saṅghassa santike vuṭṭhātī’’ti sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ avītikkamanīyatāvasena otiṇṇavatthusmiṃ sakhandhakaparivāro ubhatovibhaṅgo mahāvinayo nāma desito, taṃ sakalampi vinayapiṭakaṃ mayi parinibbute tumhākaṃ satthukiccaṃ sādhessati ‘‘idaṃ vo kattabbaṃ, idaṃ vo na kattabba’’nti kattabbākattabbassa vibhāgena anusāsanato. Ṭhiteneva ca mayā ‘‘ime cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, cattāro sammappadhānā, cattāro iddhipādā, pañcindriyāni, pañca balāni, satta bojjhaṅgāni, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo’’ti tena tena vineyyānaṃ ajjhāsayānurūpena pakārena ime sattatiṃsa bodhipakkhiyadhamme vibhajitvā suttantapiṭakaṃ desitaṃ, taṃ sakalampi suttantapiṭakaṃ mayi parinibbute tumhākaṃ satthukiccaṃ sādhessati taṃtaṃcariyānurūpaṃ sammāpaṭipattiyā anusāsanato. Ṭhiteneva ca mayā ‘‘pañcakkhandhā, dvādasāyatanāni, aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo, cattāri saccāni, bāvīsatindriyāni, nava hetū, cattāro āhārā, satta phassā, satta vedanā, satta saññā, satta cetanā, satta cittāni, tatrāpi ettakā dhammā kāmāvacarā, ettakā rūpāvacarā, ettakā arūpāvacarā, ettakā pariyāpannā, ettakā apariyāpannā, ettakā lokiyā, ettakā lokuttarā’’ti ime dhamme vibhajitvā abhidhammapiṭakaṃ desitaṃ, taṃ sakalampi abhidhammapiṭakaṃ mayi parinibbute tumhākaṃ satthukiccaṃ sādhessati, khandhādivibhāgena ñāyamānaṃ catusaccasambodhāvahattā satthārā sammāsambuddhena kattabbakiccaṃ nipphādessati. Iti sabbampetaṃ abhisambodhito yāva parinibbānā pañcacattālīsa vassāni bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ, tīṇi piṭakāni, pañca nikāyā, navaṅgāni, caturāsīti dhammakkhandhasahassānīti evaṃ mahappabhedaṃ hoti. Iti imāni caturāsīti <a name="M1.0034"></a> dhammakkhandhasahassāni tiṭṭhanti, ahaṃ ekova parinibbāyāmi, ahañca panidāni ekova ovadāmi anusāsāmi, mayi parinibbute imāni caturāsīti buddhasahassāni tumhe ovadissanti anusāsissanti ovādānusāsanīkiccassa nipphādanatoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sāsana</span>nti pariyattipaṭipattipaṭivedhavasena tividhaṃ sāsanaṃ, nippariyāyato pana sattatiṃsa bodhipakkhiyadhammā. <span class="bld">Addhaniya</span>nti addhānamaggagāmīti addhaniyaṃ, addhānakkhamanti attho. <span class="bld">Ciraṭṭhitika</span>nti <a name="V1.0032"></a> ciraṃ ṭhiti etassāti ciraṭṭhitikaṃ, sāsanaṃ, <span class="bld">assa</span> bhaveyyāti sambandho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā yena pakārena idaṃ sāsanaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ pavattituṃ samatthaṃ, tatoyeva ciraṭṭhitikaṃ assa, tathā tena pakārena dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyeyyanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni sammāsambuddhena attano kataṃ anuggahavisesaṃ vibhāvento āha <span class="bld">‘‘yañcāhaṃ bhagavatā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha ‘‘yañcāha’’nti etassa ‘‘anuggahito’’ti etena sambandho. Tattha <span class="bld">ya</span>nti yasmā, yena kāraṇenāti vuttaṃ hoti. Kiriyāparāmasanaṃ vā etaṃ, tena ‘‘anuggahito’’ti ettha anuggaṇhanaṃ parāmasati. <span class="bld">Dhāressasī</span>tiādikaṃ pana bhagavā aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle mahākassapattherena paññattasaṅghāṭiyaṃ nisinno taṃ cīvaraṃ vikasitapadumapupphavaṇṇena pāṇinā antare parāmasanto āha. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">kassapasaṃyutte</span> (saṃ. ni. 2.154) mahākassapatthereneva ānandattheraṃ āmantetvā kathentena –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Atha kho, āvuso, bhagavā maggā okkamma yena aññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ tenupasaṅkami, atha khvāhaṃ, āvuso, paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ catugguṇaṃ paññāpetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocaṃ ‘idha, bhante, bhagavā nisīdatu, yaṃ mamassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’ti. Nisīdi kho, āvuso, bhagavā paññatte āsane, nisajja kho maṃ, āvuso, bhagavā etadavoca ‘mudukā kho tyāyaṃ kassapa paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭī’ti. ‘Paṭiggaṇhātu me, bhante, bhagavā paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ anukampaṃ upādāyā’ti. ‘Dhāressasi pana me tvaṃ kassapa sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’ti. ‘Dhāressāmahaṃ, bhante, bhagavato sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni <a name="M1.0035"></a> nibbasanānī’ti. So khvāhaṃ, āvuso, paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ bhagavato pādāsiṃ, ahaṃ pana bhagavato sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanāni paṭipajji’’nti (saṃ. ni. 2.154).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha (saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 2.2.154) <span class="bld">mudukā kho tyāya</span>nti mudukā kho te ayaṃ. Kasmā bhagavā evamāhāti? Therena saha cīvaraṃ parivattetukāmatāya. Kasmā parivattetukāmo jātoti? Theraṃ attano ṭhāne ṭhapetukāmatāya. Kiṃ sāriputtamoggallānā natthīti? Atthi, evaṃ panassa ahosi ‘‘ime na ciraṃ ṭhassanti, kassapo pana vīsavassasatāyuko, ‘so mayi parinibbute sattapaṇṇiguhāyaṃ vasitvā dhammavinayasaṅgahaṃ katvā mama sāsanaṃ pañcavassasahassaparimāṇaṃ kālaṃ pavattanakaṃ karissatī’ti attano naṃ ṭhāne ṭhapemi, evaṃ bhikkhū kassapassa sussūsitabbaṃ maññissantī’’ti, tasmā evamāha. Thero pana yasmā cīvarassa <a name="V1.0033"></a> vā pattassa vā vaṇṇe kathite ‘‘imaṃ tumhākaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti cārittameva, tasmā ‘‘paṭiggaṇhātu me bhante bhagavā’’ti āha. <span class="bld">Dhāressasi pana me tvaṃ kassapā</span>ti kassapa tvaṃ imāni paribhogajiṇṇāni paṃsukūlāni pārupituṃ sakkhissasīti vadati. Tañca kho na kāyabalaṃ sandhāya, paṭipattipūraṇaṃ pana sandhāya evamāha. Ayañhettha adhippāyo – ahaṃ imaṃ cīvaraṃ puṇṇaṃ nāma dāsiṃ pārupitvā āmakasusāne chaḍḍitaṃ tumbamattehi pāṇakehi samparikiṇṇaṃ te pāṇake vidhunitvā mahāariyavaṃse ṭhatvā aggahesiṃ, tassa me imaṃ cīvaraṃ gahitadivase dasasahassacakkavāḷe mahāpathavī mahāravaṃ viravamānā kampittha, ākāsaṃ taṭataṭāyi, cakkavāḷadevatā sādhukāraṃ adaṃsu ‘‘imaṃ cīvaraṃ gaṇhantena bhikkhunā jātipaṃsukūlikena jātiāraññikena jātiekāsanikena jātisapadānacārikena bhavituṃ vaṭṭati, tvaṃ imassa cīvarassa anucchavikaṃ kātuṃ sakkhissasī’’ti. Theropi attanā pañcannaṃ hatthīnaṃ balaṃ dhāreti. So taṃ atakkayitvā ‘‘ahametaṃ paṭipattiṃ pūressāmī’’ti ussāhena sugatacīvarassa anucchavikaṃ kātukāmo ‘‘dhāressāmahaṃ bhante’’ti āha. <span class="bld">Paṭipajji</span>nti paṭipannosiṃ. Evaṃ pana cīvaraparivattanaṃ katvā therena pārutacīvaraṃ bhagavā pārupi, satthu cīvaraṃ thero. Tasmiṃ samaye mahāpathavī udakapariyantaṃ katvā unnadantī kampittha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sāṇāni</span> <a name="M1.0036"></a> <span class="bld">paṃsukūlānī</span>ti matakaḷevaraṃ pariveṭhetvā chaḍḍitāni tumbamatte kimī papphoṭetvā gahitāni sāṇavākamayāni paṃsukūlacīvarāni. Rathikasusānasaṅkārakūṭādīnaṃ yattha katthaci paṃsūnaṃ upari ṭhitattā abbhuggataṭṭhena tesu paṃsukūlamivāti <span class="bld">paṃsukūlaṃ</span>. Atha vā paṃsu viya kucchitabhāvaṃ ulati gacchatīti paṃsukūlanti paṃsukūlasaddassa attho daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Nibbasanānī</span>ti niṭṭhitavasanakiccāni, paribhogajiṇṇānīti attho. Ettha ‘‘kiñcāpi ekameva taṃ cīvaraṃ, anekāvayavattā pana bahuvacanaṃ kata’’nti <span class="bld">majjhimagaṇṭhipade</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Cīvare sādhāraṇaparibhogenā</span>ti ettha attanā sādhāraṇaparibhogenāti viññāyamānattā viññāyamānatthassa ca-saddassa payoge kāmācārattā ‘‘attanā’’ti na vuttaṃ. ‘‘Dhāressasi pana me tvaṃ, kassapa, sāṇāni paṃsukūlānī’’ti hi vuttattā attanāva sādhāraṇaparibhogo viññāyati, nāññena. Na hi kevalaṃ saddatoyeva sabbattha atthanicchayo bhavissati atthapakaraṇādināpi yebhuyyena atthassa niyametabbattā. <span class="bld">Ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> panettha idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘cīvare sādhāraṇaparibhogenāti ettha attanā samasamaṭṭhapanenāti idha attanāsaddaṃ ānetvā cīvare attanā sādhāraṇaparibhogenā’’ti yojetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yassa <a name="V1.0034"></a> yena hi sambandho, dūraṭṭhampi ca tassa taṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atthato hyasamānānaṃ, āsannattamakāraṇa’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā bhagavatā cīvare sādhāraṇaparibhogena bhagavatā anuggahitoti yojanīyaṃ ekassapi karaṇaniddesassa sahayogakattutthajotakattasambhavatoti. Sabbattha <span class="bld">‘‘ācariyadhammapālattherenā’’</span>ti vutte suttantaṭīkākārenāti gahetabbaṃ. Samānaṃ dhāraṇametassāti <span class="bld">sādhāraṇo,</span> paribhogo. Sādhāraṇaparibhogena ceva samasamaṭṭhapanena ca anuggahitoti sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni (saṃ. ni. 2.152) –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade <a name="M1.0037"></a> ākaṅkhati vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharāmi, sato ca sampajāno sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedemi, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti, tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ahaṃ<a name="V1.0035"></a>, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā…pe… ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkama ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma…pe… viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ahaṃ<a name="M1.0038"></a>, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati…pe… ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati…pe… nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi…pe… saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhomi, ekopi hutvā bahudhā homi, bahudhāpi hutvā eko homi, āvibhāvaṃ tirobhāvaṃ tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchāmi seyyathāpi ākāse, pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karomi seyyathāpi udake, udakepi abhijjamāne gacchāmi seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ, ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamāmi seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo, imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parimasāmi parimajjāmi, yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattemi. Kassapopi bhikkhave yāvade ākaṅkhati anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ahaṃ<a name="V1.0036"></a>, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇāmi dibbe ca mānuse ca ye dūre santike ca. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati dibbāya sotadhātuyā…pe… ye dūre santike ca.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ahaṃ<a name="M1.0039"></a>, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāmi, sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘sarāgaṃ citta’nti pajānāmi, vītarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘vītarāgaṃ citta’nti pajānāmi, sadosaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… vītadosaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… samohaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… vītamohaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… saṃkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… vikkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… mahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… amahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… sauttaraṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… anuttaraṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… samāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… asamāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… vimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘avimuttaṃ citta’nti pajānāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti, sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘sarāgaṃ citta’nti pajānāti…pe… avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘avimuttaṃ citta’nti pajānāti.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe ‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ, tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati. Seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ…pe… iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passāmi cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne <a name="M1.0040"></a> paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe <a name="V1.0037"></a> sugate duggate, yathākammūpage satte pajānāmi ‘ime vata bhonto sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā. Ime vā pana bhonto sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā’ti. Iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passāmi cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate, yathākammūpage satte pajānāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhati dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate, yathākammūpage satte pajānāti.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.152) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ navānupubbavihārachaḷabhiññāppabhede uttarimanussadhamme attanā samasamaṭṭhapanatthāya bhagavatā vuttaṃ kassapasaṃyutte āgataṃ pāḷimimaṃ peyyālamukhena ādiggahaṇena ca saṅkhipitvā dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘ahaṃ bhikkhave’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">yāvade ākaṅkhāmī</span>ti yāvadeva icchāmīti attho. Tatoyeva hi <span class="bld">majjhimagaṇṭhipade cūḷagaṇṭhipade</span> ca ‘‘yāvadeti yāvadevāti vuttaṃ hotī’’ti likhitaṃ. <span class="bld">Saṃyuttanikāyaṭṭhakathāyampi</span> ‘‘yāvade ākaṅkhāmīti <a name="M1.0041"></a> yāvadeva icchāmī’’ti attho vutto. Tathā hi tattha līnatthapakāsaniyaṃ <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālatthereneva</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘yāvadevāti iminā samānatthaṃ yāvadeti idaṃ pada’’nti. Potthakesu pana katthaci ‘‘yāvadevā’’ti ayameva pāṭho dissati. Yāni pana ito paraṃ ‘‘vivicceva kāmehī’’tiādinā nayena cattāri rūpāvacarakiriyajhānāni, ‘‘sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā’’tiādinā nayena catasso arūpasamāpattiyo, ‘‘sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodha’’ntiādinā nayena nirodhasamāpatti, ‘‘anekavihitaṃ <a name="V1.0038"></a> iddhividha’’ntiādinā nayena abhiññā ca vuttā. Tattha yaṃ vattabbaṃ siyā, taṃ anupadavaṇṇanāya ceva bhāvanāvidhānena ca saddhiṃ <span class="bld">visuddhimagge</span> (visuddhi. 1.69-70) sabbaso vitthāritaṃ. Idhāpi ca verañjakaṇḍe cattāri rūpāvacarajhānāni tisso ca vijjā āvi bhavissanti, tasmā tattha yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ tattheva vaṇṇayissāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Navānupubbavihārachaḷabhiññāppabhede</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">navānupubbavihārā</span> nāma anupaṭipāṭiyā samāpajjitabbabhāvato evaṃsaññitā nirodhasamāpattiyā saha aṭṭha samāpattiyo. <span class="bld">Chaḷabhiññā</span> nāma āsavakkhayañāṇena saddhiṃ pañcābhiññāyoti evaṃ lokiyalokuttarabhedā sabbā abhiññāyo. <span class="bld">Uttarimanussadhamme</span>ti uttarimanussānaṃ jhāyīnañceva ariyānañca dhammo uttarimanussadhammo. Atha vā uttari manussadhammāti uttarimanussadhammo, manussadhammo nāma dasakusalakammapathadhammo. So hi vinā bhāvanāmanasikārena pakatiyāva manussehi nibbattetabbato manussattabhāvāvahato vā ‘‘manussadhammo’’ti vuccati, tato uttari pana jhānādīni ‘‘uttarimanussadhammo’’ti veditabbāni. <span class="bld">Attanā samasamaṭṭhapanenā</span>ti ahaṃ yattakaṃ kālaṃ yattake vā samāpattivihāre abhiññāyo ca vaḷañjemi, tathā kassapopīti evaṃ yathāvuttauttarimanussadhamme attanā samasamaṃ katvā ṭhapanena. Idañca navānupubbavihārachaḷabhiññādibhāvasāmaññena pasaṃsāmattaṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Na hi āyasmā mahākassapo bhagavā viya devasikaṃ catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassasaṅkhā samāpattiyo samāpajjati, yamakapāṭihāriyādivasena vā abhiññāyo vaḷañjeti. Ettha ca ‘‘uttarimanussadhamme attanā samasamaṭṭhapanenā’’ti idaṃ nidassanamattanti veditabbaṃ. Tathā hi –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ovada <a name="M1.0042"></a> kassapa bhikkhū, karohi kassapa bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ, ahaṃ vā kassapa bhikkhū ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā, ahaṃ vā kassapa bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.149).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evampi attanā samasamaṭṭhāne ṭhapetiyeva, tassa kimaññaṃ āṇaṇyaṃ bhavissati aññatra dhammavinayasaṅgāyanāti adhippāyo. Tattha ‘‘tassāti tassa anuggahassā’’ti <span class="bld">majjhimagaṇṭhipade</span> vuttaṃ. Tassa meti vā attho gahetabbo. Potthakesu hi katthaci ‘‘tassa me’’ti pāṭhoyeva dissati, dhammavinayasaṅgāyanaṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ kiṃ nāma tassa me āṇaṇyaṃ aṇaṇabhāvo bhavissatīti attho. <span class="bld">‘‘Nanu maṃ bhagavā’’</span>tiādinā vuttamevatthaṃ upamāvasena vibhāveti. <span class="bld">Sakakavacaissariyānuppadānenā</span>ti ettha cīvarassa nidassanavasena kavacassa gahaṇaṃ kataṃ, samāpattiyā <a name="V1.0039"></a> nidassanavasena issariyaṃ gahitaṃ. <span class="bld">Kulavaṃsappatiṭṭhāpaka</span>nti kulavaṃsassa kulappaveṇiyā patiṭṭhāpakaṃ. ‘‘Me saddhammavaṃsappatiṭṭhāpako’’ti niccasāpekkhattā samāso daṭṭhabbo, me saddhammavaṃsassa patiṭṭhāpako pavattakoti vuttaṃ hoti. Vuttavacanamanussaranto anuggahesīti cintayanto dhammavinayasaṅgāyanatthaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhaṃ janesīti sambandho, dhātubhājanadivase tattha sannipatitānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhaṃ janesīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni yathāvuttamatthaṃ pāḷiyā vibhāvento āha <span class="bld">‘‘yathāhā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">ekamidāha</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">ida</span>nti nipātamattaṃ. <span class="bld">Ekaṃ samaya</span>nti ca bhummatthe upayogavacanaṃ, ekasmiṃ samayeti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Pāvāyā</span>ti pāvānagarato, tattha piṇḍāya caritvā kusināraṃ gamissāmīti addhānamaggappaṭipannoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Addhānamaggo</span>ti ca dīghamaggo vuccati. Dīghapariyāyo hettha addhānasaddo. <span class="bld">Mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhi</span>nti guṇamahattenapi saṅkhyāmahattenapi mahatā. Bhikkhūnaṃ saṅghena bhikkhusaṅghena, samaṇagaṇena saddhiṃ ekatoti attho. <span class="bld">‘‘Pañcamattehī’’</span>tiādinā saṅkhyāmahattaṃ vibhāveti. <span class="bld">Matta</span>-saddo cettha pamāṇavacano ‘‘bhojane mattaññutā’’tiādīsu viya. <span class="bld">Sabbaṃ subhaddakaṇḍaṃ vitthārato veditabba</span>nti sabbaṃ subhaddakaṇḍaṃ idha ānetvā vitthārato dassetabbanti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Tato <a name="M1.0043"></a> paranti tato bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhajananato para’’nti <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Mahāgaṇṭhipade</span> pana ‘‘tato paranti subhaddakaṇḍato para’’nti vuttaṃ. Idamevettha sārato paccetabbanti no takko. Ayameva hi ussāhajananappakāro, yadidaṃ ‘‘handa mayaṃ, āvuso, dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyeyyāma, pure adhammo dippatī’’tiādi, tasmā ussāhajananato paranti na vattabbaṃ heṭṭhā ussāhajananappakārassa pāḷiyaṃ avuttattā. Ayañhettha pāḷikkamo –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo bhikkhū āmantesi, ekamidāhaṃ, āvuso, samayaṃ pāvāya kusināraṃ addhānamaggappaṭipanno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi. Atha khvāhaṃ, āvuso, maggā okkamma aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdiṃ.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Tena kho pana samayena aññataro ājīvako kusinārāya mandāravapupphaṃ gahetvā pāvaṃ addhānamaggappaṭipanno hoti. Addasaṃ kho ahaṃ, āvuso, taṃ ājīvakaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ, disvāna taṃ ājīvakaṃ etadavocaṃ ‘apāvuso, amhākaṃ satthāraṃ jānāsī’ti<a name="V1.0040"></a>? ‘Āma, āvuso, jānāmi. Ajja sattāhaparinibbuto samaṇo gotamo, tato me idaṃ mandāravapupphaṃ gahitanti. Tatrāvuso, ye te bhikkhū avītarāgā, appekacce bāhā paggayha kandanti, chinnapātaṃ papatanti āvaṭṭanti vivaṭṭanti, ‘atikhippaṃ bhagavā parinibbuto, atikhippaṃ sugato parinibbuto, atikhippaṃ cakkhuṃ loke antarahita’nti. Ye pana te bhikkhū vītarāgā, te satā sampajānā adhivāsenti ‘aniccā saṅkhārā, taṃ kutettha labbhā’’’ti.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Atha khvāhaṃ, āvuso, te bhikkhū etadavocaṃ – ‘alaṃ, āvuso, mā socittha mā paridevittha, nanvetaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā paṭikacceva akkhātaṃ ‘sabbeheva piyehi manāpehi nānābhāvo vinābhāvo aññathābhāvo. Taṃ kutettha, āvuso, labbhā, yaṃ taṃ jātaṃ bhūtaṃ saṅkhataṃ palokadhammaṃ, taṃ vata mā palujjī’ti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Tena <a name="M1.0044"></a> kho pana samayena, āvuso, subhaddo nāma vuḍḍhapabbajito tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti. Atha kho āvuso subhaddo vuḍḍhapabbajito te bhikkhū etadavoca ‘alaṃ, āvuso, mā socittha mā paridevittha, sumuttā mayaṃ tena mahāsamaṇena, upaddutā ca mayaṃ homa’ ‘idaṃ vo kappati, idaṃ vo na kappatī’ti, ‘idāni pana mayaṃ yaṃ icchissāma, taṃ karissāma, yaṃ na icchissāma, na taṃ karissāmā’ti. Handa mayaṃ āvuso dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyeyyāma, pure adhammo dippati, dhammo paṭibāhīyati, avinayo pure dippati, vinayo paṭibāhīyati, pure adhammavādino balavanto honti, dhammavādino dubbalā honti, pure avinayavādino balavanto honti, vinayavādino dubbalā hontī’’ti.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘‘Tena hi, bhante, thero bhikkhū uccinatū’ti. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo ekenūnapañcaarahantasatāni uccini. Bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavocuṃ ‘ayaṃ, bhante, āyasmā ānando kiñcāpi sekkho, abhabbo chandā dosā mohā bhayā agatiṃ gantuṃ, bahu cānena bhagavato santike dhammo ca vinayo ca pariyatto. Tena hi, bhante, thero āyasmantampi ānandaṃ uccinatū’’’tiādi (cūḷava. 437).</p>
<p class="unindented">Tasmā <span class="bld">tato para</span>nti ettha subhaddakaṇḍato paranti evamattho daṭṭhabbo. ‘‘Sabbaṃ subhaddakaṇḍaṃ vitthārato veditabba’’nti hi iminā ‘‘yaṃ na icchissāma, na taṃ karissāmā’’ti etaṃ pariyantaṃ <a name="V1.0041"></a> subhaddakaṇḍapāḷiṃ dassetvā idāni avasesaṃ ussāhajananappakārappavattaṃ pāḷimeva dassento <span class="bld">‘‘handa mayaṃ āvuso’’</span>tiādimāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">pure adhammo dippatī</span>ti ettha adhammo nāma dasakusalakammapathadhammapaṭipakkhabhūto adhammo. <span class="bld">Pure dippatī</span>ti api nāma dippati. Atha vā yāva adhammo dhammaṃ paṭibāhituṃ samattho hoti, tato puretaramevāti attho. Āsanne hi anāgate ayaṃ puresaddo. <span class="bld">Dippatī</span>ti <a name="M1.0045"></a> dippissati. Pure-saddayogena hi anāgatatthe ayaṃ vattamānapayogo yathā ‘‘purā vassati devo’’ti. Keci panettha evaṃ vaṇṇayanti ‘‘pureti pacchā anāgate yathā addhānaṃ gacchantassa gantabbamaggo ‘pure’ti vuccati, tathā idha daṭṭhabba’’nti. <span class="bld">Avinayo</span>ti pahānavinayasaṃvaravinayānaṃ paṭipakkhabhūto avinayo. ‘‘Vinayavādino dubbalā hontī’’ti evaṃ iti-saddopi ettha daṭṭhabbo, ‘‘tato paraṃ āhā’’ti iminā sambandho. Potthakesu pana katthaci iti-saddo na dissati, pāḷiyaṃ pana dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyañca attheva iti-saddo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tena hī</span>ti uyyojanatthe nipāto. Uccinane uyyojentā hi taṃ mahākassapattheraṃ evamāhaṃsu. <span class="bld">Bhikkhū uccinatū</span>ti saṅgītiyā anurūpe bhikkhū uccinitvā gaṇhātūti attho. ‘‘Sakalanavaṅga…pe… pariggahesī’’ti etena sukkhavipassakakhīṇāsavapariyantānaṃ yathāvuttapuggalānaṃ satipi āgamādhigamasabbhāve saha paṭisambhidāhi tevijjādiguṇayuttānaṃ āgamādhigamasampattiyā ukkaṃsagatattā saṅgītiyā bahūpakārataṃ dasseti. Tattha <span class="bld">sakalanavaṅgasatthusāsanapariyattidhare</span>ti sakalaṃ suttageyyādi navaṅgaṃ ettha, etassa vā atthīti sakalanavaṅgaṃ, satthusāsanaṃ. Atthakāmena pariyāpuṇitabbato diṭṭhadhammikādipurisattapariyattabhāvato ca pariyattīti tīṇi piṭakāni vuccanti, taṃ sakalanavaṅgasatthusāsanasaṅkhātaṃ pariyattiṃ dhārentīti sakalanavaṅgasatthusāsanapariyattidharā, tādiseti attho. Bahūnaṃ nānappakārānaṃ kilesānaṃ sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā ca avihatattā tā janenti, tāhi vā janitāti <span class="bld">puthujjanā</span>. Duvidhā puthujjanā andhaputhujjanā kalyāṇaputhujjanāti. Tattha yesaṃ khandhadhātuāyatanādīsu uggahaparipucchāsavanadhāraṇapaccavekkhaṇāni natthi, te andhaputhujjanā. Yesaṃ tāni atthi, te kalyāṇaputhujjanā. Te idha ‘‘puthujjanā’’ti adhippetā. Samathabhāvanāsinehābhāvena sukkhā lūkhā asiniddhā vipassanā etesanti <span class="bld">sukkhavipassakā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tipiṭakasabbapariyattippabhedadhare</span>ti tiṇṇaṃ piṭakānaṃ samāhāro tipiṭakaṃ, tipiṭakasaṅkhātaṃ navaṅgādivasena anekadhā bhinnaṃ sabbapariyattippabhedaṃ dhārentīti tipiṭakasabbapariyattippabhedadharā, tādiseti <a name="V1.0042"></a> attho. Anu anu taṃsamaṅgīnaṃ bhāveti vaḍḍhetīti anubhāvo, anubhāvo <a name="M1.0046"></a> eva ānubhāvo, pabhāvo. Mahanto ānubhāvo yesaṃ te <span class="bld">mahānubhāvā</span>. <span class="bld">Tevijjādibhede</span>ti tisso vijjāyeva tevijjā, tā ādi yesaṃ chaḷabhiññādīnaṃ te tevijjādayo, te bhedā anekappakārā bhinnā etesanti tevijjādibhedā, khīṇāsavā, tādiseti attho. Atha vā tisso vijjā etassa atthīti tevijjo, so ādi yesaṃ chaḷabhiññādīnaṃ te tevijjādayo, te bhedā yesaṃ khīṇāsavānaṃ te tevijjādibhedā, tādiseti attho. <span class="bld">Ye sandhāya idaṃ vutta</span>nti ye bhikkhū sandhāya idaṃ ‘‘atha kho āyasmā’’tiādivacanaṃ <span class="bld">saṅgītikkhandhake</span> (cūḷava. 437) vuttanti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kissa panā</span>ti kasmā pana. Sikkhatīti <span class="bld">sekkho,</span> atha vā sikkhanaṃ sikkhā, sāyeva tassa sīlanti sekkho. So hi apariyositasikkhattā ca tadadhimuttattā ca ekantena sikkhanasīlo na asekkho viya pariniṭṭhitasikkho tattha paṭipassaddhussāho, nāpi vissaṭṭhasikkho pacurajano viya tattha anadhimutto. Atha vā ariyāya jātiyā tīsu sikkhāsu jāto, tattha vā bhavoti sekkho. Atha vā ikkhati etāyāti ikkhā, maggaphalasammādiṭṭhi. Saha ikkhāyāti sekkho. Uparimaggattayakiccassa apariyositattā saha karaṇīyenāti <span class="bld">sakaraṇīyo</span>. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti anena. <span class="bld">Asammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ nāma natthī</span>ti nanu ca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dvāsīti buddhato gaṇhiṃ, dve sahassāni bhikkhuto;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Caturāsīti sahassāni, ye me dhammā pavattino’’ti. (theragā. 1027) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Vuttattā kathametaṃ yujjatīti? Dve sahassāni bhikkhutoti vuttampi bhagavato santike paṭiggahitamevāti katvā vuttanti nāyaṃ virodho. <span class="bld">Bahukārattā</span>ti bahuupakārattā. Upakāravacano hettha kārasaddo. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti bhaveyya.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ativiya vissattho</span>ti ativiya vissāsiko. <span class="bld">Na</span>nti ānandattheraṃ, ‘‘ovadatī’’ti iminā sambandho. Ānandattherassa yebhuyyena navakāya parisāya vibbhamanena mahākassapatthero evamāha <span class="bld">‘‘na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’’</span>ti. Tathā hi parinibbute satthari mahākassapatthero satthuparinibbāne sannipatitassa bhikkhusaṅghassa majjhe nisīditvā <a name="M1.0047"></a> dhammavinayasaṅgāyanatthaṃ pañcasate bhikkhū uccinitvā ‘‘āvuso, rājagahe vassaṃ vasantā dhammavinayaṃ saṅgāyeyyāma, tumhe pure vassūpanāyikāya attano attano palibodhaṃ pacchinditvā rājagahe sannipatathā’’ti vatvā <a name="V1.0043"></a> attanā rājagahaṃ gato. Ānandattheropi bhagavato pattacīvaramādāya mahājanaṃ saññāpento sāvatthiṃ gantvā tato nikkhamma rājagahaṃ gacchanto dakkhiṇagirismiṃ cārikaṃ cari. Tasmiṃ samaye ānandattherassa tiṃsamattā saddhivihārikā yebhuyyena kumārabhūtā ekavassikaduvassikabhikkhū ceva anupasampannā ca vibbhamiṃsu. Kasmā panete pabbajitā, kasmā vibbhamiṃsūti? Tesaṃ kira mātāpitaro cintesuṃ ‘‘ānandatthero satthuvissāsiko aṭṭha vare yācitvā upaṭṭhahati, icchiticchitaṭṭhānaṃ satthāraṃ gahetvā gantuṃ sakkoti, amhākaṃ dārake etassa santike pabbājessāma, so satthāraṃ gahetvā āgamissati, tasmiṃ āgate mayaṃ mahāsakkāraṃ kātuṃ labhissāmā’’ti iminā tāva kāraṇena nesaṃ ñātakā te pabbājesuṃ. Satthari pana parinibbute tesaṃ sā patthanā upacchinnā, atha ne ekadivaseneva uppabbājesuṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha ānandattheraṃ dakkhiṇagirismiṃ cārikaṃ caritvā rājagahamāgataṃ disvā mahākassapatthero evamāha ‘‘na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’’ti. Vuttañhetaṃ kassapasaṃyutte –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Atha kiñcarahi tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, imehi navehi bhikkhūhi indriyesu aguttadvārehi bhojane amattaññūhi jāgariyaṃ ananuyuttehi saddhiṃ cārikaṃ carasi, sassaghātaṃ maññe carasi, kulūpaghātaṃ maññe carasi, olujjati kho te, āvuso ānanda, parisā, palujjanti kho te āvuso navappāyā, na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsīti.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Api me bhante kassapa sirasmiṃ palitāni jātāni, atha ca pana mayaṃ ajjāpi āyasmato mahākassapassa kumārakavādā na muccāmāti. Tathā hi pana tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, imehi navehi bhikkhūhi indriyesu aguttadvārehi bhojane amattaññūhi jāgariyaṃ ananuyuttehi saddhiṃ cārikaṃ carasi, sassaghātaṃ maññe carasi, kulūpaghātaṃ maññe carasi, olujjati kho <a name="M1.0048"></a> te, āvuso ānanda, parisā, palujjanti kho te āvuso navappāyā, na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.154).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha (saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 2.2.154) <span class="bld">sassaghātaṃ maññecarasī</span>ti sassaṃ ghātento viya āhiṇḍasi. <span class="bld">Kulūpaghātaṃ maññe carasī</span>ti kulāni upaghātento viya hananto viya āhananto viya āhiṇḍasi. <span class="bld">Olujjatī</span>ti palujjati bhijjati. <span class="bld">Palujjanti kho te āvuso navappāyā</span>ti, āvuso, evaṃ ete tuyhaṃ pāyena yebhuyyena navakā ekavassikaduvassikadaharā ceva sāmaṇerā ca <a name="V1.0044"></a> palujjanti. <span class="bld">Na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī</span>ti ayaṃ kumārako attano pamāṇaṃ na vata jānātīti theraṃ tajjento āha. <span class="bld">Kumārakavādā na muccāmā</span>ti kumārakavādato na muccāma. <span class="bld">Tathā hi pana tva</span>nti idamassa evaṃ vattabbatāya kāraṇadassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Ayañhettha adhippāyo – yasmā tvaṃ imehi navakehi bhikkhūhi indriyasaṃvararahitehi saddhiṃ vicarasi, tasmā kumārakehi saddhiṃ caranto ‘‘kumārako’’ti vattabbataṃ arahasīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’’ti ettha <span class="bld">vā</span>-saddo padapūraṇe. <span class="bld">Vā</span>-saddo hi upamānasamuccayasaṃsayavavassaggapadapūraṇavikappādīsu bahūsu atthesu dissati. Tathā hesa ‘‘paṇḍito vāpi tena so’’tiādīsu (dha. pa. 63) upamāne dissati, sadisabhāveti attho. ‘‘Taṃ vāpi dhīrā muni vedayantī’’tiādīsu (su. ni. 213) samuccaye. ‘‘Ke vā ime kassa vā’’tiādīsu (pārā. 296) saṃsaye. ‘‘Ayaṃ vā imesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ sabbabālo sabbamūḷho’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.181) vavassagge. ‘‘Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.170; saṃ. ni. 2.13) vikappeti. Idha pana padapūraṇe daṭṭhabbo. Teneva ca <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘vāsaddassa atthuddhāraṃ karontena ‘na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 2.154) padapūraṇe’’ti. Aṭṭhakathāyampi (saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 2.2.154) ettakameva vuttaṃ ‘‘na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsīti ayaṃ kumārako attano pamāṇaṃ na vata jānātīti theraṃ tajjento āhā’’ti. Etthāpi <span class="bld">vatā</span>ti vacanasiliṭṭhatāya vuttaṃ. Yaṃ panettha <span class="bld">kenaci</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘na vāyanti ettha vāti vibhāsā, aññāsipi na aññāsipīti attho’’ti<a name="M1.0049"></a>. Taṃ tassa matimattanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Na hettha ayamattho sambhavati, tasmā attano pamāṇaṃ nāññāsīti evamattho veditabbo. <span class="bld">Tatrā</span>ti evaṃ sati. <span class="bld">Chandāgamanaṃ viyā</span>ti ettha chandā āgamanaṃ viyāti padacchedo kātabbo, chandena āgamanaṃ pavattanaṃ viyāti attho, chandena akattabbakaraṇaṃ viyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Chandaṃ vā āgacchati sampayogavasenāti chandāgamanaṃ, tathā pavatto apāyagamanīyo akusalacittuppādo. Atha vā ananurūpaṃ gamanaṃ agamanaṃ, chandena agamanaṃ chandāgamanaṃ, chandena sinehena ananurūpaṃ gamanaṃ pavattanaṃ akattabbakaraṇaṃ viyāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Asekkhapaṭisambhidāppatte</span>ti asekkhabhūtā paṭisambhidā asekkhapaṭisambhidā, taṃ patte, paṭiladdhaasekkhapaṭisambhideti attho. <span class="bld">Anumatiyā</span>ti anuññāya, yācanāyāti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Kiñcāpi sekkho’’ti idaṃ na sekkhānaṃ agatigamanasabbhāvena vuttaṃ, asekkhānaṃyeva pana uccinitattāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Paṭhamamaggeneva hi cattāri agatigamanāni pahīyanti, tasmā kiñcāpi <a name="V1.0045"></a> sekkho, tathāpi thero āyasmantampi ānandaṃ uccinatūti evamettha sambandho veditabbo. Na pana kiñcāpi sekkho, tathāpi abhabbo agatiṃ gantunti yojetabbaṃ. ‘‘Abhabbo’’tiādinā pana dhammasaṅgītiyā tassa arahabhāvaṃ dassentā vijjamāne guṇe kathenti. Tattha <span class="bld">chandā</span>ti chandena, sinehenāti attho. <span class="bld">Agatiṃ gantu</span>nti agantabbaṃ gantuṃ, akattabbaṃ kātunti vuttaṃ hoti. Imāni pana cattāri agatigamanāni bhaṇḍabhājanīye ca vinicchayaṭṭhāne ca labbhanti. Tattha bhaṇḍabhājanīye tāva attano bhārabhūtānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ amanāpe bhaṇḍe sampatte taṃ parivattitvā manāpaṃ dento chandāgatiṃ gacchati nāma. Attano pana abhārabhūtānaṃ manāpe bhaṇḍe sampatte taṃ parivattitvā amanāpaṃ dento dosāgatiṃ gacchati nāma. Bhaṇḍesu bhājanīyavatthuñca ṭhitikañca ajānanto mohāgatiṃ gacchati nāma. Mukharānaṃ vā rājādinissitānaṃ vā ‘‘ime me amanāpe bhaṇḍe dinne anatthaṃ kareyyu’’nti bhayena parivattitvā manāpaṃ dento bhayāgatiṃ gacchati nāma. Yo pana evaṃ na gacchati, sabbesaṃ tulābhūto pamāṇabhūto majjhattova hutvā yaṃ yassa pāpuṇāti, tadeva tassa deti, ayaṃ catubbidhampi agatiṃ na gacchati nāma. Vinicchayaṭṭhāne pana attano bhārabhūtassa garukāpattiṃ lahukāpattiṃ katvā kathento chandāgatiṃ gacchati nāma. Itarassa lahukāpattiṃ garukāpattiṃ <a name="M1.0050"></a> katvā kathento dosāgatiṃ gacchati nāma. Āpattivuṭṭhānaṃ pana samuccayakkhandhakañca ajānanto mohāgatiṃ gacchati nāma. Mukharassa vā rājapūjitassa vā ‘‘ayaṃ me garukaṃ katvā āpattiṃ kathentassa anatthampi kareyyā’’ti garukameva lahukāpattiṃ kathento bhayāgatiṃ gacchati nāma. Yo pana sabbesaṃ yathābhūtameva kathesi, ayaṃ catubbidhampi agatigamanaṃ na gacchati nāma. Theropi tādiso catunnampi agatigamanānaṃ paṭhamamaggeneva pahīnattā, tasmā saṅgāyanavasena dhammavinayavinicchaye sampatte chandādivasena aññathā akathetvā yathābhūtameva kathetīti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘abhabbo…pe… agatiṃ gantu’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Pariyatto</span>ti adhīto, uggahitoti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Uccinitenā</span>ti uccinitvā gahitena. <span class="bld">Etadahosī</span>ti etaṃ parivitakkanaṃ ahosi. <span class="bld">Rājagahaṃ kho mahāgocara</span>nti ettha ‘‘rājagahanti rājagahasāmantaṃ gahetvā vutta’’nti <span class="bld">cūḷagaṇṭhipade majjhimagaṇṭhipade</span> ca vuttaṃ. Gāvo caranti etthāti gocaro, gocaro viya gocaro, bhikkhācaraṇaṭṭhānaṃ. So mahanto assa, etthāti vā mahāgocaraṃ, rājagahaṃ. <span class="bld">Thāvarakamma</span>nti ciraṭṭhāyikammaṃ. <span class="bld">Visabhāgapuggalo</span> subhaddasadiso. <span class="bld">Ukkoṭeyyā</span>ti nivāreyyāti attho. <span class="bld">Ñattidutiyena kammena sāvesī</span>ti –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Suṇātu me, āvuso, saṅgho, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho imāni pañca bhikkhusatāni <a name="V1.0046"></a> sammanneyya ‘rājagahe vassaṃ vasantāni dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyituṃ, na aññehi bhikkhūhi rājagahe vassaṃ vasitabba’nti, esā ñatti.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Suṇātu me, āvuso, saṅgho, saṅgho imāni pañca bhikkhusatāni sammannati ‘rājagahe vassaṃ vasantāni dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyituṃ, na aññehi bhikkhūhi rājagahe vassaṃ vasitabba’nti, yassāyasmato khamati imesaṃ pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ sammuti ‘rājagahe vassaṃ vasantānaṃ dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyituṃ, na aññehi bhikkhūhi rājagahe vassaṃ vasitabba’nti, so tuṇhassa. Yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Sammatāni saṅghena imāni pañca bhikkhusatāni ‘rājagahe vassaṃ vasantāni dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyituṃ, na aññehi bhikkhūhi rājagahe vassaṃ <a name="M1.0051"></a> vasitabba’nti, khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti (cūḷava. 437) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ ñattidutiyena kammena sāvesi. Idaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘taṃ saṅgītikkhandhake vuttanayeneva ñātabba’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana kammavācā tathāgatassa parinibbānato ekavīsatime divase katā. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamasaṅgītikathā) ‘‘ayaṃ pana kammavācā tathāgatassa parinibbānato ekavīsatime divase katā. Bhagavā hi visākhapuṇṇamāyaṃ paccūsasamaye parinibbuto, athassa sattāhaṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sarīraṃ gandhamālādīhi pūjayiṃsu. Evaṃ sattāhaṃ sādhukīḷanadivasā nāma ahesuṃ. Tato sattāhaṃ citakāya agginā jhāyi, sattāhaṃ sattipañjaraṃ katvā santhāgārasālāyaṃ dhātupūjaṃ kariṃsūti ekavīsati divasā gatā. Jeṭṭhamūlasukkapakkhapañcamiyaṃ pana dhātuyo bhājayiṃsu. Etasmiṃ dhātubhājanadivase sannipatitassa mahābhikkhusaṅghassa subhaddena vuḍḍhapabbajitena kataṃ anācāraṃ ārocetvā vuttanayeneva bhikkhū uccinitvā ayaṃ kammavācā katā. Imañca pana kammavācaṃ katvā thero bhikkhū āmantesi ‘āvuso idāni tumhākaṃ cattālīsadivasā okāso, tato paraṃ ayaṃ nāma no palibodho atthīti vattuṃ na labbhā, tasmā etthantare yassa rogapalibodho vā ācariyupajjhāyapalibodho vā mātāpitupalibodho vā atthi, pattaṃ vā pana pacitabbaṃ cīvaraṃ vā kātabbaṃ, so taṃ palibodhaṃ chinditvā karaṇīyaṃ karotū’ti. Evañca pana vatvā thero attano pañcasatāya parisāya parivuto rājagahaṃ gato, aññepi mahātherā attano attano parivāraṃ gahetvā sokasallasamappitaṃ <a name="V1.0047"></a> mahājanaṃ assāsetukāmā taṃ taṃ disaṃ pakkantā. Puṇṇatthero pana sattasatabhikkhuparivāro ‘tathāgatassa parinibbānaṭṭhānaṃ āgatāgataṃ mahājanaṃ assāsessāmī’ti kusinārāyameva aṭṭhāsi. Āyasmā ānando yathā pubbe aparinibbutassa, evaṃ parinibbutassapi bhagavato sayameva pattacīvaramādāya pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ yena sāvatthi tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Gacchato panassa parivārā bhikkhū gaṇanapathaṃ vītivattā’’ti. Tasmā tathāgatassa parinibbānato <a name="M1.0052"></a> tīsu sattāhesu atikkantesu ekavīsatime divase imaṃ kammavācaṃ sāvetvā thero rājagahaṃ pakkantoti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi evaṃ kasmā pana idha <span class="bld">maṅgalasuttaṭṭhakathāyañca</span> (khu. pā. aṭṭha. 5.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā) ‘‘sattasu sādhukīḷanadivasesu sattasu ca dhātupūjādivasesu vītivattesū’’ti vuttaṃ? Sattasu dhātupūjādivasesu gahitesu tadavinābhāvato majjhe citakāya jhāpanasattāhampi gahitamevāti katvā visuṃ na vuttaṃ viya dissati. Yadi evaṃ atha kasmā ‘‘aḍḍhamāso atikkanto, diyaḍḍhamāso seso’’ti ca vuttanti? Nāyaṃ doso. Appakañhi ūnamadhikaṃ vā gaṇanūpagaṃ na hoti, tasmā samudāyo appakena adhikopi anadhiko viya hotīti katvā aḍḍhamāsato adhikepi pañca divase ‘‘aḍḍhamāso atikkanto’’ti vuttaṃ ‘‘dvāsītikhandhakavattānaṃ katthaci asītikhandhakavattānī’’ti vacanaṃ viya. Tathā appakena ūnopi ca samudāyo anūno viya hotīti katvā ‘‘diyaḍḍhamāsato ūnepi pañca divase diyaḍḍhamāso seso’’ti ca vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Satipaṭṭhānavibhaṅgaṭṭhakathāya</span>ñhi (vibha. aṭṭha. 356) chamāsato ūnepi aḍḍhamāse ‘‘cha māse sajjhāyo kātabbo’’ti vuttavacanaṃ viya. Tattha hi tacapañcakādīsu catūsu pañcakesu dvīsu ca chakkesu ekekasmiṃ anulomato pañcāhaṃ, paṭilomato pañcāhaṃ, anulomapaṭilomato pañcāhaṃ, tathā purimapurimehi pañcakachakkehi saddhiṃ anulomato pañcāhaṃ, paṭilomato pañcāhaṃ, anulomapaṭilomato pañcāhanti evaṃ visuṃ tipañcāhaṃ ekato tipañcāhañca sajjhāyaṃ katvā chamāsaṃ sajjhāyo kātabboti vacanaṃ viya. Tattha hi vakkapañcakādīsu tīsu pañcakesu dvīsu ca chakkesu visuṃ heṭṭhimehi ekato ca sajjhāye pañcannaṃ pañcannaṃ pañcakānaṃ vasena pañcamāsaparipuṇṇā labbhanti, tacapañcake pana visuṃ tipañcāhamevāti aḍḍhamāsoyeveko labbhatīti aḍḍhamāsādhikapañcamāsā labbhanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ sati yathā tattha aḍḍhamāse ūnepi māsaparicchedena paricchijjamāne sajjhāye cha māsā paricchedakā hontīti paricchijjamānassa sajjhāyassa sattamāsādimāsantaragamananivāraṇatthaṃ chamāsaggahaṇaṃ kataṃ, na sakalachamāse sajjhāyappavattidassanatthaṃ, evamidhāpi māsavasena <a name="V1.0048"></a> kāle paricchijjamāne ūnepi pañcadivase diyaḍḍhamāso paricchedako hotīti paricchijjamānassa <a name="M1.0053"></a> kālassa dvimāsādimāsantaragamananivāraṇatthaṃ ‘‘diyaḍḍhamāso seso’’ti diyaḍḍhamāsaggahaṇaṃ katanti evamettha attho gahetabbo. Aññathā ca aṭṭhakathāvacanānaṃ aññamaññavirodho āpajjati. Ekāhameva vā bhagavato sarīraṃ citakāya jhāyīti khuddakabhāṇakānaṃ adhippāyoti gahetabbaṃ. Evañhi sati parinibbānato sattasu sādhukīḷanadivasesu vītivattesu aṭṭhamiyaṃ citakāya bhagavato sarīraṃ jhāpetvā tato paraṃ sattasu divasesu dhātupūjaṃ akaṃsūti aḍḍhamāso atikkanto, gimhānaṃ diyaḍḍho ca māso seso hoti. Parinibbānasuttantapāḷiyampi hi citakāya jhāpanasattāhaṃ na āgataṃ, dveyeva sattāhāni āgatāni, upaparikkhitvā pana yaṃ ruccati, taṃ gahetabbaṃ. Ito aññena vā pakārena yathā na virujjhati, tathā kāraṇaṃ pariyesitabbaṃ. Yaṃ panettha <span class="bld">kenaci</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘aḍḍhamāso atikkantoti ettha eko divaso naṭṭho. So pāṭipadadivaso kolāhaladivaso nāma, tasmā idha na gahito’’ti. Taṃ na sundaraṃ parinibbānasuttantapāḷiyaṃ pāṭipadadivasatoyeva paṭṭhāya sattāhassa vuttattā aṭṭhakathāyañca parinibbānadivasenapi saddhiṃ tiṇṇaṃ sattāhānaṃ gahitattā. Tathā hi parinibbānadivasena saddhiṃ tiṇṇaṃ sattāhānaṃ gahitattā jeṭṭhamūlasukkapañcamī ekavīsatimo divaso hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sattasu sādhukīḷanadivasesū</span>ti ettha sādhukīḷanaṃ nāma saṃvegavatthuṃ kittetvā kittetvā aniccatāpaṭisaṃyuttāni gītāni gāyitvā pūjāvasena kīḷanato sundaraṃ kīḷananti <span class="bld">sādhukīḷanaṃ</span>. Atha vā saparahitasādhanaṭṭhena sādhu, tesaṃ saṃvegavatthuṃ kittetvā kittetvā kīḷanaṃ sādhukīḷanaṃ, uḷārapuññapasavanato samparāyikatthāvirodhikīḷāvihāroti attho. Ettha ca purimasmiṃ sattāhe sādhukīḷāya ekadesena katattā sādhukīḷanadivasā nāma te jātā. Visesato pana dhātupūjādivasesuyeva sādhukīḷanaṃ akaṃsu. Tatoyeva ca mahāparinibbānasuttantapāḷiyaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Atha kho kosinārakā mallā bhagavato sarīrāni sattāhaṃ santhāgāre sattipañjaraṃ karitvā dhanupākāraṃ parikkhipāpetvā <a name="M1.0054"></a> naccehi gītehi vāditehi mālehi gandhehi sakkariṃsu garuṃ kariṃsu mānesuṃ pūjesu’’nti (dī. ni. 2.235).</p>
<p class="unindented">Etassa aṭṭhakathāyaṃ (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.235) vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Kasmā <a name="V1.0049"></a> panete evamakaṃsūti? Ito purimesu dvīsu sattāhesu te bhikkhusaṅghassa ṭhānanisajjokāsaṃ karontā khādanīyabhojanīyādīni saṃvidahantā sādhukīḷikāya okāsaṃ na labhiṃsu. Tato nesaṃ ahosi ‘imaṃ sattāhaṃ sādhukīḷitaṃ kīḷissāma, ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ amhākaṃ pamattabhāvaṃ ñatvā kocideva āgantvā dhātuyo gaṇheyya, tasmā ārakkhaṃ ṭhapetvā kīḷissāmā’ti, tena te evamakaṃsū’’ti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Tasmā visesato sādhukīḷikā dhātupūjādivasesuyevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Te pana dhātupūjāya katattā ‘‘dhātupūjādivasā’’ti pākaṭā jātāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sattasu ca dhātupūjādivasesū’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Upakaṭṭhā</span>ti āsannā. Vassaṃ upanenti upagacchanti etthāti <span class="bld">vassūpanāyikā</span>. <span class="bld">Ekaṃ maggaṃ gato</span>ti cārikaṃ caritvā mahājanaṃ assāsetuṃ ekena maggena gato. Evaṃ anuruddhattherādayopi tesu tesu janapadesu cārikaṃ caritvā mahājanaṃ assāsentā gatāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Yena sāvatthi, tena cārikaṃ pakkāmī</span>ti yattha sāvatthi, tattha cārikaṃ pakkāmi, yena vā disābhāgena sāvatthi pakkamitabbā hoti, tena disābhāgena cārikaṃ pakkāmīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tatrā</span>ti tassaṃ sāvatthiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Suda</span>nti nipātamattaṃ. <span class="bld">Aniccatādipaṭisaṃyuttāyā</span>ti ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā’’tiādinayappavattāya. Asamucchinnataṇhānusayattā avijjātaṇhābhisaṅkhatena kammunā bhavayonigatiṭhitisattāvāsesu khandhapañcakasaṅkhātaṃ attabhāvaṃ janeti abhinibbattetīti jano, kilese janeti, ajani, janissatīti vā jano, mahanto janoti <span class="bld">mahājano,</span> taṃ mahājanaṃ, bahujananti attho. <span class="bld">Saññāpetvā</span>ti samassāsetvā. <span class="bld">Gandhakuṭiyā dvāraṃ vivaritvā</span>ti paribhogacetiyabhāvato gandhakuṭiṃ vanditvā gandhakuṭiyā dvāraṃ vivarīti veditabbaṃ. Teneva dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā) ‘‘gandhakuṭiṃ vanditvā’’ti vuttaṃ. Milātaṃ mālākacavaraṃ <span class="bld">milātamālākacavaraṃ</span>. <span class="bld">Yathāṭhāne ṭhapetvā</span>ti paṭhamaṭhitaṭṭhānaṃ anatikkamitvā <a name="M1.0055"></a> yathāṭhitaṭṭhāneyeva ṭhapetvāti attho. <span class="bld">Bhagavato ṭhitakāle karaṇīyaṃ vattaṃ sabbamakāsī</span>ti senāsane kattabbavattaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Karonto ca nhānakoṭṭhake sammajjanaudakūpaṭṭhānādikālesu gandhakuṭiṃ gantvā ‘‘nanu bhagavā ayaṃ tumhākaṃ nhānakālo, ayaṃ dhammadesanākālo, ayaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ovādadānakālo, ayaṃ sīhaseyyaṃ kappanakālo, ayaṃ mukhadhovanakālo’’tiādinā nayena paridevamānova akāsi. Tamenaṃ aññatarā devatā ‘‘bhante ānanda, tumhe evaṃ paridevamānā kathaṃ aññe assāsayissathā’’ti saṃvejesi. So tassā vacanena saṃviggahadayo santhambhitvā tathāgatassa parinibbānato pabhuti ṭhānanisajjabahulatāya ussannadhātukaṃ <a name="V1.0050"></a> kāyaṃ samassāsetuṃ khīravirecanaṃ pivi. Idāni taṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘atha thero’’</span>tiādimāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ussannadhātuka</span>nti upacitasemhādidhātukaṃ kāyaṃ. <span class="bld">Samassāsetu</span>nti santappetuṃ. <span class="bld">Dutiyadivase</span>ti devatāya saṃvejitadivasato. ‘‘Jetavanavihāraṃ paviṭṭhadivasato vā dutiyadivase’’ti vadanti. Viriccati etenāti virecanaṃ, osadhaparibhāvitaṃ khīrameva virecananti <span class="bld">khīravirecanaṃ</span>. <span class="bld">Yaṃ sandhāyā</span>ti yaṃ bhesajjapānaṃ sandhāya. Aṅgasubhatāya subhoti evaṃ laddhanāmattā <span class="bld">subhena māṇavena</span>. <span class="bld">Pahitaṃ māṇavaka</span>nti ‘‘satthā parinibbuto ānandatthero kirassa pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā āgato, mahājano ca taṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamatī’’ti sutvā ‘‘vihāraṃ kho pana gantvā mahājanamajjhe na sakkā sukhena paṭisanthāraṃ vā kātuṃ dhammakathaṃ vā sotuṃ, gehaṃ āgataṃyeva naṃ disvā sukhena paṭisanthāraṃ karissāmi, ekā ca me kaṅkhā atthi, tampi naṃ pucchissāmī’’ti cintetvā subhena māṇavena pesitaṃ māṇavakaṃ. <span class="bld">Etadavocā</span>ti etaṃ ‘‘akālo kho’’tiādikaṃ ānandatthero avoca. <span class="bld">Akālo kho</span>ti ajja gantuṃ yuttakālo na hoti. Kasmāti ce āha <span class="bld">‘‘atthi me ajjā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Bhesajjamattā</span>ti appamattakaṃ bhesajjaṃ. Appattho hi ayaṃ mattāsaddo ‘‘mattā sukhapariccāgā’’tiādīsu viya.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dutiyadivase</span>ti khīravirecanaṃ pītadivasato dutiyadivase. <span class="bld">Cetakattherenā</span>ti cetiyaraṭṭhe jātattā ‘‘cetako’’ti evaṃladdhanāmena. <span class="bld">Subhena māṇavena puṭṭho</span>ti ‘‘yesu dhammesu bhavaṃ gotamo imaṃ lokaṃ <a name="M1.0056"></a> patiṭṭhāpesi, te tassa accayena naṭṭhā nu kho, dharanti, sace dharanti, ānando jānissati, handa naṃ pucchāmī’’ti evaṃ cintetvā ‘‘yesaṃ so bhavaṃ gotamo dhammānaṃ vaṇṇavādī ahosi, yattha ca imaṃ janataṃ samādapesi nivesesi patiṭṭhāpesi, katamesānaṃ kho bho ānanda dhammānaṃ so bhavaṃ gotamo vaṇṇavādī ahosī’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.448) subhena māṇavena puṭṭho. Athassa thero tīṇi piṭakāni sīlakkhandhādīhi tīhi khandhehi saṅgahetvā dassento ‘‘tiṇṇaṃ kho, māṇava, khandhānaṃ so bhagavā vaṇṇavādī’’tiādinā subhasuttamabhāsi. Taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘dīghanikāye subhasuttaṃ nāma dasamaṃ suttamabhāsī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Khaṇḍaphullapaṭisaṅkharaṇa</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">khaṇḍa</span>nti chinnaṃ. <span class="bld">Phulla</span>nti bhinnaṃ. Tesaṃ <span class="bld">paṭisaṅkharaṇaṃ</span> puna sammā pākatikakaraṇaṃ, abhinavakaraṇanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Rājagaha</span>nti evaṃnāmakaṃ nagaraṃ. Tañhi mandhatumahāgovindādīhi pariggahitattā ‘‘rājagaha’’nti vuccati. <span class="bld">Chaḍḍitapatitauklāpā</span>ti chaḍḍitā ca patitā ca uklāpā ca ahesunti attho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – bhagavato parinibbānaṭṭhānaṃ gacchantehi <a name="V1.0051"></a> bhikkhūhi chaḍḍitā vissaṭṭhā, tatoyeva ca upacikādīhi khāditattā ito cito ca patitā, sammajjanābhāvena ākiṇṇakacavarattā uklāpā ca ahesunti. Imamevatthaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘bhagavato hī’’</span>tiādi. Paricchedavasena veṇiyati dissatīti <span class="bld">pariveṇaṃ</span>. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tesu vihāresu. Khaṇḍaphullapaṭisaṅkharaṇanti iminā sambandho. <span class="bld">Paṭhamaṃ māsa</span>nti vassānassa paṭhamaṃ māsaṃ, accantasaṃyoge cetaṃ upayogavacanaṃ. Senāsanavattānaṃ paññattattā <span class="bld">senāsanakkhandhake</span> ca senāsanapaṭibaddhānaṃ bahūnaṃ vacanato ‘‘bhagavatā…pe… vaṇṇita’’nti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dutiyadivase</span>ti ‘‘khaṇḍaphullapaṭisaṅkharaṇaṃ karomā’’ti cintitadivasato dutiyadivase. So ca vassūpanāyikadivasato dutiyadivasoti veditabbo. Te hi therā āsāḷhīpuṇṇamāya uposathaṃ katvā pāṭipade sannipatitvā vassaṃ upagantvā evaṃ cintesuṃ. <span class="bld">Ajātasattu rājā</span>ti ajāto hutvā pituno paccatthiko jātoti ‘‘ajātasattū’’ti laddhavohāro rājā. Tasmiṃ kira kucchigate deviyā evarūpo dohaḷo uppajji ‘‘aho vatāhaṃ rañño dakkhiṇabāhuto lohitaṃ piveyya’’nti<a name="M1.0057"></a>. Atha tassā kathetuṃ asakkontiyā kisabhāvaṃ dubbaṇṇabhāvañca disvā rājā sayameva pucchitvā ñatvā ca vejje pakkosāpetvā suvaṇṇasatthakena bāhuṃ phāletvā suvaṇṇasarakena lohitaṃ gahetvā udakena sambhinditvā pāyesi. Nemittakā taṃ sutvā ‘‘esa gabbho rañño sattu bhavissati, iminā rājā haññissatī’’ti byākariṃsu, tasmā ‘‘ajātoyeva rañño sattu bhavissatī’’ti nemittakehi niddiṭṭhattā ajātasattu nāma jāto. <span class="bld">Ki</span>nti kāraṇapucchanatthe nipāto, kasmāti attho. <span class="bld">Paṭivedesu</span>nti nivedesuṃ, jānāpesunti attho. <span class="bld">Vissatthā</span>ti nirāsaṅkacittā. <span class="bld">Āṇācakka</span>nti āṇāyeva appaṭihatavuttiyā pavattanaṭṭhena cakkanti āṇācakkaṃ. <span class="bld">Sannisajjaṭṭhāna</span>nti sannipatitvā nisīdanaṭṭhānaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Rājabhavanavibhūti</span>nti rājabhavanasampattiṃ. <span class="bld">Avahasantamivā</span>ti avahāsaṃ kurumānaṃ viya. <span class="bld">Siriyā niketamivā</span>ti siriyā vasanaṭṭhānamiva. <span class="bld">Ekanipātatitthamiva ca devamanussanayanavihaṅgāna</span>nti ekasmiṃ pānīyatitthe sannipatantā pakkhino viya sabbesaṃ janānaṃ cakkhūni maṇḍapeyeva nipatantīti devamanussānaṃ nayanasaṅkhātavihaṅgānaṃ ekanipātatitthamiva ca. <span class="bld">Lokarāmaṇeyyakamiva sampiṇḍita</span>nti ekattha sampiṇḍitaṃ rāsikataṃ loke ramaṇīyabhāvaṃ viya. Yadi loke vijjamānaṃ ramaṇīyattaṃ sabbameva ānetvā ekattha sampiṇḍitaṃ siyā, taṃ viyāti vuttaṃ hoti. ‘‘Daṭṭhabbasāramaṇḍanti pheggurahitasāraṃ viya kasaṭavinimuttaṃ pasannabhūtaṃ viya ca daṭṭhabbesu daṭṭhuṃ araharūpesu sārabhūtaṃ pasannabhūtañcā’’ti tīsupi <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ. Daṭṭhabbo dassanīyo <a name="V1.0052"></a> sārabhūto visiṭṭhataro maṇḍo maṇḍanaṃ alaṅkāro etassāti <span class="bld">daṭṭhabbasāramaṇḍo,</span> maṇḍapoti evamettha attho gahetabboti amhākaṃ khanti, upaparikkhitvā yuttataraṃ gahetabbaṃ. Maṇḍaṃ sūriyarasmiṃ pāti nivāretīti <span class="bld">maṇḍapo</span>. <span class="bld">Vividha…pe… cāruvitāna</span>nti ettha kusumadāmāni ca tāni olambakāni cāti kusumadāmaolambakāni. Ettha ca visesanassa paranipāto daṭṭhabbo, olambakakusumadāmānīti attho. Tāni vividhāni anekappakārāni viniggalantaṃ vamentaṃ nikkhāmentamiva cāru sobhanaṃ vitānaṃ etthāti <span class="bld">vividhakusumadāmaolambakaviniggalantacāruvitāno,</span> maṇḍapo, taṃ alaṅkaritvāti yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Ratanavicitramaṇikaoṭṭimatalamivā</span>ti nānāpupphūpahāravicittasupariniṭṭhitabhūmikammattāyeva nānāratanehi <a name="M1.0058"></a> vicittabhūtamaṇikoṭṭimatalamivāti attho. Ettha ca ratanavicittaggahaṇaṃ nānāpupphūpahāravicittatāya nidassanaṃ, maṇikoṭṭimatalaggahaṇaṃ supariniṭṭhitabhūmiparikammatāyāti veditabbaṃ. Maṇiyo koṭṭetvā katatalattā maṇikoṭṭanena nibbattatalanti maṇikoṭṭimatalaṃ. <span class="bld">Na</span>nti maṇḍapaṃ. <span class="bld">Pupphūpahāro</span> pupphapūjā. <span class="bld">Uttarābhimukha</span>nti uttaradisābhimukhaṃ. <span class="bld">Āsanāraha</span>nti nisīdanārahaṃ. <span class="bld">Dantakhacita</span>nti dantehi racitaṃ, dantehi katanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti āsane. <span class="bld">Niṭṭhitaṃ bhante mama kicca</span>nti mayā kattabbakiccaṃ niṭṭhitanti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmiṃ pana divase ekacce bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ sandhāya evamāhaṃsu ‘‘imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe eko bhikkhu vissagandhaṃ vāyanto vicaratī’’ti. Thero taṃ sutvā ‘‘imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe añño vissagandhaṃ vāyanto vicaraṇakabhikkhu nāma natthi, addhā ete maṃ sandhāya vadantī’’ti saṃvegaṃ āpajji. Ekacce naṃ āhaṃsuyeva ‘‘sve, āvuso, sannipāto’’tiādi. Idāni taṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āhaṃsū’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Tenā</span>ti tasmā. <span class="bld">Āvajjesī</span>ti upanāmesi. <span class="bld">Anupādāyā</span>ti taṇhādiṭṭhivasena kañci dhammaṃ agahetvā, yehi vā kilesehi sabbehi vimuccati, tesaṃ lesamattampi agahetvāti attho. <span class="bld">Āsavehī</span>ti bhavato ābhavaggaṃ dhammato vā āgotrabhuṃ savanato pavattanato āsavasaññitehi kilesehi. Lakkhaṇavacanañcetaṃ āsavehīti, tadekaṭṭhatāya pana sabbehipi kilesehi, sabbehipi pāpadhammehi cittaṃ vimuccatiyeva. <span class="bld">Cittaṃ vimuccī</span>ti cittaṃ arahattamaggakkhaṇe āsavehi vimuccamānaṃ katvā arahattaphalakkhaṇe vimuccīti attho. <span class="bld">Caṅkamenā</span>ti caṅkamanakiriyāya. Vivaṭṭūpanissayabhūtaṃ kataṃ upacitaṃ puññaṃ etenāti <span class="bld">katapuñño,</span> arahattādhigamāya katādhikāroti attho. <span class="bld">Padhānamanuyuñjā</span>ti vīriyaṃ anuyuñja, arahattādhigamāya anuyogaṃ karohīti attho. <span class="bld">Kathādoso nāma natthī</span>ti kathāya aparajjhaṃ nāma natthi. <span class="bld">Accāraddhaṃ vīriya</span>nti ativiya āraddhaṃ vīriyaṃ. <span class="bld">Uddhaccāyā</span>ti <a name="V1.0053"></a> uddhatabhāvāya. <span class="bld">Vīriyasamataṃ yojemī</span>ti caṅkamanavīriyassa adhimattattā tassa pahānavasena samādhinā samarasatāpādanena vīriyasamataṃ yojemi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dutiyadivase</span>ti <a name="M1.0059"></a> therena arahattappattadivasato dutiyadivase. <span class="bld">Dhammasabhāyaṃ sannipatitā</span>ti pakkhassa pañcamiyaṃ sannipatiṃsu. <span class="bld">Attano arahattappattiṃ ñāpetukāmo</span>ti ‘‘sekkhatāya dhammasaṅgītiyā gahetuṃ ayuttampi bahussutattā gaṇhissāmā’’ti cintetvā nisinnānaṃ therānaṃ ‘‘idāni arahattappatto’’ti somanassuppādanatthaṃ ‘‘appamatto hohī’’ti dinnaovādassa saphalatādīpanatthaṃ attupanāyikaṃ akatvā aññabyākaraṇassa bhagavatā saṃvaṇṇitattā ca thero attano arahattappattiṃ ñāpetukāmo ahosīti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Yathāvuḍḍha</span>nti vuḍḍhapaṭipāṭiṃ anatikkamitvā. <span class="bld">Eke</span>ti majjhimabhāṇakānaṃyeva eke. Pubbe vuttampi hi sabbaṃ majjhimabhāṇakā vadantiyevāti veditabbaṃ. Dīghabhāṇakā (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā) panettha evaṃ vadanti –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Atha kho āyasmā ānando arahā samāno sannipātaṃ agamāsi. Kathaṃ agamāsi? ‘Idānimhi sannipātamajjhaṃ pavisanāraho’ti haṭṭhatuṭṭhacitto ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā bandhanā muttatālapakkaṃ viya paṇḍukambale nikkhittajātimaṇi viya vigatavalāhake nabhe samuggatapuṇṇacando viya bālātapasamphassavikasitareṇupiñjaragabbhaṃ padumaṃ viya ca parisuddhena pariyodātena sappabhena sassirikena mukhavarena attano arahattappattiṃ ārocayamāno viya ca agamāsi. Atha naṃ disvā āyasmato mahākassapassa etadahosi ‘sobhati vata bho arahattappatto ānando, sace satthā dhareyya, addhā ajja ānandassa sādhukāraṃ dadeyya, handa imassāhaṃ idāni satthārā dātabbaṃ sādhukāraṃ dadāmī’ti tikkhattuṃ sādhukāramadāsī’’ti.</p>
<p class="unindented"><span class="bld">Ākāsena āgantvā nisīdītipi eke</span>ti ettha pana tesaṃ tesaṃ tathā tathā gahetvā āgatamattaṃ ṭhapetvā visuṃ visuṃ vacane aññaṃ visesakāraṇaṃ natthīti vadanti. Upatissatthero panāha ‘‘sattamāsaṃ katāya dhammasaṅgītiyā kadāci pathaviyaṃ nimujjitvā āgatattā taṃ gahetvā eke vadanti. Kadāci ākāsena āgatattā taṃ gahetvā eke vadantī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhikkhū</span> <a name="M1.0060"></a> <span class="bld">āmantesī</span>ti bhikkhū ālapi abhāsi sambodhesīti ayamettha attho. Aññatra pana ñāpanepi hoti. Yathāha – ‘‘āmantayāmi vo, bhikkhave, (dī. ni. 2.218) paṭivedayāmi <a name="V1.0054"></a> vo, bhikkhave’’ti (a. ni. 7.72). Pakkosanepi dissati. Yathāha ‘‘ehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, mama vacanena sāriputtaṃ āmantehī’’ti (a. ni. 9.11). <span class="bld">Āvuso</span>ti āmantanākāradīpanaṃ. <span class="bld">Kaṃ dhuraṃ katvā</span>ti kaṃ jeṭṭhakaṃ katvā. <span class="bld">Kiṃ ānando nappahotī</span>ti aṭṭhakathācariyehi ṭhapitapucchā. <span class="bld">Nappahotī</span>ti na sakkoti. <span class="bld">Etadagga</span>nti eso aggo. Liṅgavipallāsena hi ayaṃ niddeso. <span class="bld">Yadida</span>nti ca yo ayanti attho, yadidaṃ khandhapañcakanti vā yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Sammannī</span>ti sammataṃ akāsi. <span class="bld">Upāliṃ vinayaṃ puccheyya</span>nti pucchadhātussa dvikammakattā vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Bījaniṃ gahetvā</span>ti ettha bījanīgahaṇaṃ dhammakathikānaṃ dhammatāti veditabbaṃ. Bhagavāpi hi dhammakathikānaṃ dhammatādassanatthameva vicittabījaniṃ gaṇhāti. Na hi aññathā sabbassapi lokassa alaṅkārabhūtaṃ paramukkaṃsagatasikkhāsaṃyamānaṃ buddhānaṃ mukhacandamaṇḍalaṃ paṭicchādetabbaṃ hoti. ‘‘Paṭhamaṃ, āvuso upāli, pārājikaṃ kattha paññatta’’nti kasmā vuttaṃ, nanu tassa saṅgītiyā purimakāle paṭhamabhāvo na yuttoti? No na yutto bhagavatā paññattānukkamena pātimokkhuddesānukkamena ca paṭhamabhāvassa siddhattā. Yebhuyyena hi tīṇi piṭakāni bhagavato dharamānakāle ṭhitānukkameneva saṅgītāni, visesato vinayābhidhammapiṭakānīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ methunadhamme</span>ti ca nimittatthe bhummavacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vatthumpi pucchī</span>tiādi ‘‘kattha paññatta’’ntiādinā dassitena saha tato avasiṭṭhampi saṅgahetvā dassanavasena vuttaṃ. Kiṃ panettha paṭhamapārājikapāḷiyaṃ kiñci apanetabbaṃ vā pakkhipitabbaṃ vā āsi nāsīti? Buddhassa bhagavato bhāsite apanetabbaṃ nāma natthi. Na hi tathāgatā ekabyañjanampi niratthakaṃ vadanti, sāvakānaṃ pana devatānaṃ vā bhāsite apanetabbampi hoti, taṃ dhammasaṅgāhakattherā apanayiṃsu, pakkhipitabbaṃ pana sabbatthāpi atthi, tasmā yaṃ yattha pakkhipituṃ yuttaṃ, taṃ tattha pakkhipiṃsuyeva. Kiṃ pana tanti ce? ‘‘Tena samayenā’’ti vā ‘‘tena kho pana samayenā’’ti vā ‘‘atha kho’’iti vā ‘‘evaṃ vutte’’ti vā ‘‘etadavocā’’ti vā evamādikaṃ sambandhavacanamattaṃ. Evaṃ pakkhipitabbayuttaṃ pakkhipitvā pana idaṃ paṭhamapārājikanti ṭhapesuṃ<a name="M1.0061"></a>. Paṭhamapārājike saṅgahamāruḷhe pañca arahantasatāni saṅgahaṃ āropitanayeneva gaṇasajjhāyamakaṃsu. ‘‘Tena samayena buddho bhagavā verañjāyaṃ viharatī’’ti ca nesaṃ sajjhāyārambhakāleyeva sādhukāraṃ dadamānā viya mahāpathavī udakapariyantaṃ katvā kampittha. Te eteneva nayena sesapārājikānipi saṅgahaṃ āropetvā ‘‘idaṃ pārājikakaṇḍa’’nti ṭhapesuṃ. Evaṃ terasa saṅghādisesāni ‘‘terasaka’’ntiādīni vatvā vīsādhikāni dve sikkhāpadasatāni ‘‘mahāvibhaṅgo’’ti kittetvā ṭhapesuṃ. Mahāvibhaṅgāvasānepi purimanayeneva mahāpathavī akampittha. Tato bhikkhunivibhaṅge aṭṭha sikkhāpadāni ‘‘pārājikakaṇḍaṃ <a name="V1.0055"></a> nāmā’’tiādīni vatvā tīṇi sikkhāpadasatāni cattāri ca sikkhāpadāni ‘‘bhikkhunivibhaṅgo’’ti kittetvā ‘‘ayaṃ ubhatovibhaṅgo nāma catusaṭṭhibhāṇavāro’’ti ṭhapesuṃ. Ubhatovibhaṅgāvasānepi vuttanayeneva pathavī akampittha. Etenevupāyena asītibhāṇavāraparimāṇaṃ khandhakaṃ pañcavīsatibhāṇavāraparimāṇaṃ parivārañca saṅgahaṃ āropetvā ‘‘idaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ nāmā’’ti ṭhapesuṃ. Vinayapiṭakāvasānepi vuttanayeneva pathavīkampo ahosi. Taṃ āyasmantaṃ upālittheraṃ paṭicchāpesuṃ ‘‘āvuso, idaṃ tuyhaṃ nissitake vācehī’’ti evamettha avuttopi viseso veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ saṅgahamāropetvā suttantapiṭakaṃ saṅgāyiṃsu. Idāni taṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘vinayaṃ saṅgāyitvā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Mahākassapatthero ānandattheraṃ dhammaṃ pucchī</span>ti ettha ayamanukkamo veditabbo – ānandatthere dantakhacitaṃ bījaniṃ gahetvā dhammāsane nisinne āyasmā mahākassapatthero bhikkhū pucchi ‘‘kataraṃ, āvuso, piṭakaṃ paṭhamaṃ saṅgāyāmā’’ti? ‘‘Suttantapiṭakaṃ, bhanteti. Suttantapiṭake catasso saṅgītiyo, tāsu paṭhamaṃ kataraṃ saṅgītinti? Dīghasaṅgītiṃ, bhanteti. Dīghasaṅgītiyaṃ catuttiṃsa suttāni, tayo ca vaggā, tesu paṭhamaṃ kataraṃ vagganti. Sīlakkhandhavaggaṃ, bhanteti. Sīlakkhandhavagge terasa suttantā, tesu paṭhamaṃ kataraṃ suttanti? Brahmajālasuttaṃ nāma bhante tividhasīlālaṅkataṃ nānāvidhamicchājīvakuhanalapanādividdhaṃsanaṃ dvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhijālaviniveṭhanaṃ dasasahassilokadhātupakampanaṃ, taṃ paṭhamaṃ saṅgāyāmā’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca ‘‘brahmajālaṃ, āvuso ānanda, kattha bhāsita’’nti?</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Antarā</span> <a name="M1.0062"></a> <span class="bld">ca bhante rājagahaṃ antarā ca nāḷanda</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">antarā</span>-saddo kāraṇakhaṇacittavemajjhavivarādīsu dissati. Tathā hi ‘‘tadantaraṃ ko jāneyya aññatra tathāgatā’’ti (a. ni. 6.44; 10.75) ca, ‘‘janā saṅgamma mantenti, mañca tañca kimantara’’nti (saṃ. ni. 1.228) ca ādīsu kāraṇe antarāsaddo vattati. ‘‘Addasa maṃ bhante aññatarā itthī vijjantarikāya bhājanaṃ dhovantī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.149) khaṇe. ‘‘Yassantarato na santi kopā’’tiādīsu (udā. 20) citte. ‘‘Antarā vosānamāpādī’’tiādīsu vemajjhe. ‘‘Api cāyaṃ tapodā dvinnaṃ mahānirayānaṃ antarikāya āgacchatī’’tiādīsu (pārā. 231) vivare. Svāyamidha vivare vattati, tasmā rājagahassa ca nāḷandāya ca vivareti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo, antarāsaddena pana yuttattā upayogavacanaṃ kataṃ. Īdisesu ca ṭhānesu akkharacintakā ‘‘antarā gāmañca nadiñca yātī’’ti evaṃ ekameva <a name="V1.0056"></a> antarāsaddaṃ payujjanti, so dutiyapadenapi yojetabbo hoti. Ayojiyamāne upayogavacanaṃ na pāpuṇāti sāmivacanappasaṅge antarāsaddayogena upayogavacanassa icchitattā. Idha pana yojetvā evaṃ vutto. <span class="bld">Rājāgārake</span>ti tattha rañño kīḷanatthaṃ paṭibhānacittavicitraṃ agāraṃ akaṃsu, taṃ rājāgārakanti pavuccati, tasmiṃ. <span class="bld">Ambalaṭṭhikā</span>ti rañño uyyānaṃ. Tassa kira dvārasamīpe taruṇo ambarukkho atthi, taṃ ambalaṭṭhikāti vadanti. Tassa avidūrabhavattā uyyānampi ambalaṭṭhikātveva saṅkhyaṃ gataṃ ‘‘varuṇānagara’’ntiādīsu viya.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Suppiyañca paribbājaka</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">suppiyo</span>ti tassa nāmaṃ, <span class="bld">paribbājako</span>ti sañjayassa antevāsī channaparibbājako. <span class="bld">Brahmadattañca māṇavaka</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">brahmadatto</span>ti tassa nāmaṃ. <span class="bld">Māṇavo</span>ti sattopi coropi taruṇopi vuccati. Tathā hi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Coditā devadūtehi, ye pamajjanti māṇavā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Te dīgharattaṃ socanti, hīnakāyūpagā narā’’ti. (ma. ni. 3.271; a. ni. 3.36) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādīsu satto māṇavoti vutto. ‘‘Māṇavehipi samāgacchanti katakammehipi akatakammehipī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.149) coro. ‘‘Ambaṭṭhamāṇavo aṅgako māṇavo’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.258-261, 316) taruṇo māṇavoti vutto. Idhāpi ayameva <a name="M1.0063"></a> adhippeto. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti ‘‘brahmadattaṃ nāma taruṇapurisaṃ ārabbhā’’ti. <span class="bld">Jīvakambavane</span>ti jīvakassa komārabhaccassa ambavane. Atha ‘‘kaṃ ārabbhā’’ti avatvā ‘‘kenasaddhi’’nti kasmā vuttaṃ? Na etaṃ suttaṃ bhagavatā eva vuttaṃ, raññāpi ‘‘yathā nu kho imāni puthusippāyatanānī’’tiādinā kiñci kiñci vuttaṃ atthi, tasmā evaṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Vedehiputtenā</span>ti ayaṃ kosalarañño dhītāya putto, na videharañño, ‘‘vedehī’’ti pana paṇḍitādhivacanametaṃ. Vidanti etenāti vedo, ñāṇassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Vedena īhati ghaṭati vāyamatīti vedehī, vedehiyā putto vedehiputto, tena.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Etenevupāyena pañca nikāye pucchī</span>ti ettha ayamanukkamo veditabbo. Vuttanayena brahmajālassa pucchāvisajjanāvasāne pañca arahantasatāni sajjhāyamakaṃsu. Vuttanayeneva ca pathavīkampo ahosi. Evaṃ brahmajālaṃ saṅgāyitvā tato paraṃ ‘‘sāmaññaphalaṃ panāvuso ānanda, kattha bhāsita’’ntiādinā pucchāvisajjanānukkamena saddhiṃ brahmajālena terasasuttantaṃ saṅgāyitvā ‘‘ayaṃ <a name="V1.0057"></a> sīlakkhandhavaggo nāmā’’ti kittetvā ṭhapesuṃ. Tadanantaraṃ mahāvaggaṃ, tadanantaraṃ pāthikavagganti evaṃ tivaggasaṅgahaṃ catuttiṃsasuttantapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ catusaṭṭhibhāṇavāraparimāṇaṃ tantiṃ saṅgāyitvā ‘‘ayaṃ dīghanikāyo nāmā’’ti vatvā āyasmantaṃ ānandattheraṃ paṭicchāpesuṃ ‘‘āvuso, imaṃ tuyhaṃ nissitake vācehī’’ti. Tato anantaraṃ asītibhāṇavāraparimāṇaṃ majjhimanikāyaṃ saṅgāyitvā dhammasenāpatisāriputtattherassa nissitake paṭicchāpesuṃ ‘‘imaṃ tumhe pariharathā’’ti. Tadanantaraṃ bhāṇavārasataparimāṇaṃ saṃyuttanikāyaṃ saṅgāyitvā mahākassapattheraṃ paṭicchāpesuṃ ‘‘bhante, imaṃ tumhākaṃ nissitake vācethā’’ti. Tadanantaraṃ vīsatibhāṇavārasatapaamāṇaṃ aṅguttaranikāyaṃ saṅgāyitvā anuruddhattheraṃ paṭicchāpesuṃ ‘‘imaṃ tumhākaṃ nissitake vācethā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tadanantaraṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dhammasaṅgaṇiṃ vibhaṅgañca, kathāvatthuñca puggalaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dhātuyamakaṃ paṭṭhānaṃ, abhidhammoti vuccatī’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ <a name="M1.0064"></a> saṃvaṇṇitaṃ sukhumañāṇagocaraṃ tantiṃ saṅgāyitvā ‘‘idaṃ abhidhammapiṭakaṃ nāmā’’ti vatvā pañca arahantasatāni sajjhāyamakaṃsu. Vuttanayeneva pathavīkampo ahosi. Tato paraṃ jātakaṃ mahāniddeso paṭisambhidāmaggo apadānaṃ suttanipāto khuddakapāṭho dhammapadaṃ udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ vimānavatthu petavatthu theragāthā therīgāthāti imaṃ tantiṃ saṅgāyitvā ‘‘khuddakagantho nāma aya’’nti ca vatvā abhidhammapiṭakasmiṃyeva saṅgahaṃ āropayiṃsūti dīghabhāṇakā vadanti. Majjhimabhāṇakā pana ‘‘cariyāpiṭakabuddhavaṃsehi saddhiṃ sabbampi taṃ khuddakaganthaṃ suttantapiṭake pariyāpanna’’nti vadanti. Ayamettha adhippāyo – jātakādike khuddakanikāyapariyāpanne yebhuyyena ca dhammaniddesabhūte tādise abhidhammapiṭake saṅgaṇhituṃ yuttaṃ, na pana dīghanikāyādippakāre suttantapiṭake, nāpi paññattiniddesabhūte vinayapiṭaketi. Dīghabhāṇakā ‘‘jātakādīnaṃ abhidhammapiṭake saṅgaho’’ti vadanti. Cariyāpiṭakabuddhavaṃsānañcettha aggahaṇaṃ jātakagatikattā. Majjhimabhāṇakā pana aṭṭhuppattivasena desitānaṃ jātakādīnaṃ yathānulomadesanābhāvato tādise suttantapiṭake saṅgaho yutto, na pana sabhāvadhammaniddesabhūte yathādhammasāsane abhidhammapiṭaketi jātakādīnaṃ suttapariyāpannataṃ vadanti. Tattha yuttaṃ vicāretvā gahetabbaṃ. Khuddakanikāyassa sesanikāyānaṃ viya apākaṭattā sese ṭhapetvā khuddakanikāyaṃ pākaṭaṃ katvā dassento <span class="bld">‘‘tattha khuddakanikāyo nāmā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tesu nikāyesu. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti khuddakanikāye.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="V1.0058"></a> nimittapayojanakāladesakārakakaraṇappakārehi paṭhamamahāsaṅgītiṃ dassetvā idāni tattha vavatthāpitesu dhammavinayesu nānappakārakosallatthaṃ ekavidhādibhede dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tadetaṃ sabbampī’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhi</span>nti ettha anāvaraṇañāṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ maggañāṇaṃ maggañāṇapadaṭṭhānañca anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ ‘‘sammāsambodhī’’ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Paccavekkhantena vā</span>ti udānādivasena pavattadhammaṃ sandhāyāha. <span class="bld">Vimuttirasa</span>nti arahattaphalassādaṃ vimuttisampattikaṃ vā aggaphalanipphādanato, vimuttikiccaṃ vā kilesānaṃ accantavimuttisampādanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiñcāpi avisesena sabbampi buddhavacanaṃ kilesavinayanena vinayo, yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāne apāyapatanādito dhāraṇena dhammo ca hoti<a name="M1.0065"></a>, idhādhippete pana dhammavinaye niddhāretuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tattha vinayapiṭaka’’</span>ntiādimāha. Khandhādivasena sabhāvadhammadesanābāhullato āha <span class="bld">‘‘avasesaṃ buddhavacanaṃ dhammo’’</span>ti. Atha vā yadipi dhammoyeva vinayo pariyattiādibhāvato, tathāpi vinayasaddasannidhāno abhinnādhikaraṇabhāvena payutto dhammasaddo vinayatantiviparītaṃ tantiṃ dīpeti yathā ‘‘puññañāṇasambhāro, gobalībadda’’ntiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anekajātisaṃsāra</span>nti ayaṃ gāthā bhagavatā attano sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ arahattappattiṃ paccavekkhantena ekūnavīsatimassa paccavekkhaṇañāṇassa anantaraṃ bhāsitā. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘idaṃ paṭhamabuddhavacana’’</span>nti. Idaṃ kira sabbabuddhehi avijahitaudānaṃ. Ayamassa saṅkhepattho (dha. pa. aṭṭha. 2.154) – ahaṃ imassa attabhāvagehassa kārakaṃ taṇhāvaḍḍhakiṃ gavesanto yena ñāṇena taṃ daṭṭhuṃ sakkā, tassa bodhiñāṇassatthāya dīpaṅkarapādamūle katābhinīhāro ettakaṃ kālaṃ anekajātisaṃsāraṃ anekajātisatasahassasaṅkhyaṃ saṃsāravaṭṭaṃ <span class="bld">anibbisaṃ</span> anibbisanto taṃ ñāṇaṃ avindanto alabhantoyeva <span class="bld">sandhāvissaṃ</span> saṃsariṃ. Yasmā jarābyādhimaraṇamissatāya jāti nāmesā punappunaṃ upagantuṃ dukkhā, na ca sā tasmiṃ adiṭṭhe nivattati, tasmā taṃ gavesanto sandhāvissanti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Diṭṭhosī</span>ti idāni mayā sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ paṭivijjhantena diṭṭho asi. <span class="bld">Puna geha</span>nti puna imaṃ attabhāvasaṅkhātaṃ mama gehaṃ <span class="bld">na kāhasi</span> na karissasi. Tava <span class="bld">sabbā</span> anavasesā kilesa<span class="bld">phāsukā</span> mayā <span class="bld">bhaggā</span>. Imassa tayā katassa attabhāvagehassa <span class="bld">kūṭaṃ</span> avijjāsaṅkhātaṃ kaṇṇikamaṇḍalaṃ <span class="bld">visaṅkhataṃ</span> viddhaṃsitaṃ. <span class="bld">Visaṅkhāraṃ</span> nibbānaṃ ārammaṇakaraṇavasena <span class="bld">gataṃ</span> anupaviṭṭhaṃ idāni mama <span class="bld">cittaṃ,</span> ahañca taṇhānaṃ khayasaṅkhātaṃ arahattamaggaṃ arahattaphalaṃ vā <span class="bld">ajjhagā</span> adhigato pattosmīti attho. <span class="bld">Gaṇṭhipadesu</span> pana ‘‘visaṅkhāragatanti cittameva taṇhānaṃ khayasaṅkhātaṃ arahattamaggaṃ <a name="V1.0059"></a> arahattaphalaṃ vā ajjhagā adhigato patto’’ti evampi attho vutto. Ayaṃ manasā pavattitadhammānaṃ ādi. ‘‘Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammāti ayaṃ pana vācāya pavattitadhammānaṃ ādī’’ti vadanti. Antojappanavasena kira bhagavā ‘‘anekajātisaṃsāra’’ntiādimāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kecī</span>ti <a name="M1.0066"></a> khandhakabhāṇakā. Paṭhamaṃ vutto pana dhammapadabhāṇakānaṃ adhippāyoti veditabbo. Ettha ca khandhakabhāṇakā vadanti ‘‘dhammapadabhāṇakānaṃ gāthā manasā desitattā tadā mahato janassa upakārāya na hoti, amhākaṃ pana gāthā vacībhedaṃ katvā desitattā tadā suṇantānaṃ devabrahmānaṃ upakārāya ahosi, tasmā idameva paṭhamabuddhavacana’’nti. Dhammapadabhāṇakā pana ‘‘desanāya janassa upakārānupakārabhāvo lakkhaṇaṃ na hoti, bhagavatā manasā desitattāyeva idaṃ paṭhamabuddhavacana’’nti vadanti, tasmā ubhayampi aññamaññaṃ viruddhaṃ na hotīti veditabbaṃ. Nanu ca yadi ‘‘anekajātisaṃsāra’’nti manasā desitaṃ, atha kasmā dhammapadaaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (dha. pa. aṭṭha. 2.153-154) ‘‘anekajātisaṃsāranti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā bodhirukkhamūle nisinno udānavasena udānetvā aparabhāge ānandattherena puṭṭho kathesī’’ti vuttanti? Tatthāpi manasā udānetvāti evamattho gahetabbo. Atha vā manasāva desitanti evaṃ gahaṇe kiṃ kāraṇanti ce? Yadi vacībhedaṃ katvā desitaṃ siyā, udānapāḷiyaṃ āruḷhaṃ bhaveyya, tasmā udānapāḷiyaṃ anāruḷhabhāvoyeva vacībhedaṃ akatvā manasā desitabhāve kāraṇanti vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">iti</span>saddo ādiattho. Tena ‘‘ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa, athassa kaṅkhā vapayanti sabbā. Yato pajānāti sahetudhamma’’nti ādigāthāttayaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. <span class="bld">Udānagātha</span>nti pana jātiyā ekavacanaṃ, tatthāpi paṭhamagāthaṃyeva vā gahetvā vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Ettha pana yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ khandhake āvi bhavissati. <span class="bld">Pāṭipadadivase</span>ti idaṃ ‘‘sabbaññubhāvappattassā’’ti na etena sambandhitabbaṃ, ‘‘paccavekkhantassa uppannā’’ti etena pana sambandhitabbaṃ. Visākhapuṇṇamāyameva hi bhagavā paccūsasamaye sabbaññutaṃ pattoti. <span class="bld">Somanassamayañāṇenā</span>ti somanassasampayuttañāṇena. <span class="bld">Āmantayāmī</span>ti nivedayāmi, bodhemīti attho. <span class="bld">Vayadhammā</span>ti aniccalakkhaṇamukhena dukkhānattalakkhaṇampi saṅkhārānaṃ vibhāveti ‘‘yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ, yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.15) vacanato. Lakkhaṇattayavibhāvananayeneva tadārammaṇaṃ vipassanaṃ dassento sabbatitthiyānaṃ avisayabhūtaṃ buddhāveṇikaṃ catusaccakammaṭṭhānādhiṭṭhānaṃ aviparītaṃ nibbānagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ pakāsetīti daṭṭhabbaṃ<a name="V1.0060"></a>. Idāni <a name="M1.0067"></a> tattha sammāpaṭipattiyaṃ niyojeti <span class="bld">‘‘appamādena sampādethā’’</span>ti. Atha vā ‘‘vayadhammā saṅkhārā’’ti etena saṅkhepena saṃvejetvā ‘‘appamādena sampādethā’’ti saṅkhepeneva niravasesaṃ sammāpaṭipattiṃ dasseti. Appamādapadañhi sikkhattayasaṅgahitaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ sāsanaṃ pariyādiyitvā tiṭṭhatīti. <span class="bld">Antare</span>ti antarāḷe, vemajjheti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Suttantapiṭaka</span>nti ettha yathā kammameva kammantaṃ, evaṃ suttameva suttantanti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Asaṅgīta</span>nti saṅgītikkhandhakakathāvatthuppakaraṇādi. Keci pana ‘‘subhasuttampi paṭhamasaṅgītiyaṃ asaṅgīta’’nti vadanti, taṃ na yujjati. ‘‘Paṭhamasaṅgītito puretarameva hi āyasmatā ānandattherena jetavane viharantena subhassa māṇavassa desita’’nti <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> vuttaṃ. Subhasuttaṃ pana ‘‘evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ānando sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme aciraparinibbute bhagavatī’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.444) āgataṃ. Tattha ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’ntiādivacanaṃ paṭhamasaṅgītiyaṃ āyasmatā ānandatthereneva vattuṃ yuttarūpaṃ na hoti. Na hi ānandatthero sayameva subhasuttaṃ desetvā ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’ntiādīni vadati. Evaṃ pana vattabbaṃ siyā ‘‘ekamidāhaṃ, bhante, samayaṃ sāvatthiyaṃ viharāmi jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme’’ti, tasmā dutiyatatiyasaṅgītikārakehi ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’ntiādinā subhasuttaṃ saṅgītimāropitaṃ viya dissati. Atha <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherassa</span> evamadhippāyo siyā ‘‘ānandatthereneva vuttampi subhasuttaṃ paṭhamasaṅgītiṃ āropetvā tantiṃ ṭhapetukāmehi mahākassapattherādīhi aññesu suttesu āgatanayeneva ‘evaṃ me suta’ntiādinā tanti ṭhapitā’’ti, evaṃ sati yujjeyya. Atha vā āyasmā ānandatthero subhasuttaṃ sayaṃ desentopi sāmaññaphalādīsu bhagavatā desitanayeneva desesīti bhagavato sammukhā laddhanaye ṭhatvā desitattā bhagavatā desitaṃ dhammaṃ attani adahanto ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’ntiādimāhāti evamadhippāyo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ubhayāni pātimokkhānī</span>ti bhikkhubhikkhunīpātimokkhavasena. <span class="bld">Dve vibhaṅgānī</span>ti bhikkhubhikkhunīvibhaṅgavaseneva dve vibhaṅgāni. <span class="bld">Dvāvīsati khandhakānī</span>ti mahāvaggacūḷavaggesu āgatāni dvāvīsati khandhakāni. <span class="bld">Soḷasaparivārā</span>ti soḷasahi <a name="M1.0068"></a> parivārehi upalakkhitattā soḷasaparivārāti vuttaṃ. Tathā hi parivārapāḷiyaṃ ‘‘yaṃ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena paṭhamaṃ pārājikaṃ kattha paññatta’’ntiādinā (pari. 1) paññattivāro, tato paraṃ ‘‘methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevanto kati āpattiyo āpajjatī’’tiādinā (pari. 157) katāpattivāro, ‘‘methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa āpattiyo catunnaṃ vipattīnaṃ kati vipattiyo <a name="V1.0061"></a> bhajantī’’tiādippabhedo (pari. 182) vipattivāro, ‘‘methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa āpattiyo sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ katihi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā’’tiādippabhedo (pari. 183) saṅgahavāro, ‘‘methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa āpattiyo channaṃ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṃ katihi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhantī’’tiādinā (pari. 184) samuṭṭhānavāro, ‘‘methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa āpattiyo catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ katamaṃ adhikaraṇa’’ntiādinā (pari. 185) adhikaraṇavāro, ‘‘methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa āpattiyo sattannaṃ samathānaṃ katihi samathehi sammantī’’tiādippabhedo (pari. 186) samathavāro, tadanantaraṃ samuccayavāro cāti aṭṭha vārā vuttā. Tato paraṃ ‘‘methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevanapaccayā pārājikaṃ kattha paññatta’’ntiādinā (pari. 188) nayena puna paccayavasena eko paññattivāro, tassa vasena purimasadisā eva katāpattivārādayo satta vārāti evaṃ aparepi aṭṭha vārā vuttā. Iti imāni aṭṭha, purimānipi aṭṭhāti mahāvibhaṅge soḷasa vārā dassitā. Tato paraṃ teneva nayena bhikkhunivibhaṅgepi soḷasa vārā āgatāti imehi soḷasahi vārehi upalakkhitattā soḷasaparivārāti vuccati. Potthakesu pana katthaci ‘‘parivāro’’ti ettakameva dissati, bahūsu pana potthakesu dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ abhidhammaṭṭhakathāyañca ‘‘soḷasaparivārā’’ti evameva vuttattā ayampi pāṭho na sakkā paṭibāhitunti tassevattho vutto.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Brahmajālādicatuttiṃsasuttasaṅgaho</span>ti brahmajālasuttādīni catuttiṃsa suttāni saṅgayhanti ettha, etenāti vā brahmajālādicatuttiṃsasuttasaṅgaho. Vuttappamāṇānaṃ vā suttānaṃ saṅgaho etassāti brahmajālādicatuttiṃsasuttasaṅgahoti. Evaṃ sesesupi veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vividhavisesanayattā</span>ti <a name="M1.0069"></a> imissā gāthāya atthaṃ vibhāvento āha <span class="bld">‘‘vividhā hī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Daḷhīkammasithilakaraṇappayojanā</span>ti yathākkamaṃ lokavajjesu sikkhāpadesu daḷhīkammappayojanā, paṇṇattivajjesu sithilakaraṇappayojanāti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Ajjhācāranisedhanato</span>ti saññamavelaṃ atibhavitvā pavatto ācāro ajjhācāro, vītikkamo, tassa nisedhanatoti attho. <span class="bld">Tenā</span>ti vividhanayattādihetunā. <span class="bld">Eta</span>nti ‘‘vividhavisesanayattā’’tiādigāthāvacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Etassā</span>ti vinayassa. <span class="bld">Itaraṃ panā</span>ti suttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">atthānaṃ sūcanato</span>tiādigāthāya atthaṃ pakāsento āha <span class="bld">‘‘tañhī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Attatthaparatthādibhede</span>ti yo taṃ suttaṃ sajjhāyati suṇāti vāceti cinteti deseti ca, suttena saṅgahito sīlādiattho tassapi hoti, tena parassa sādhetabbato parassapi hotīti tadubhayaṃ taṃ <a name="V1.0062"></a> suttaṃ sūceti dīpeti. Tathā diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikatthe lokiyalokuttaratthe cāti evamādibhede atthe ādisaddena saṅgaṇhāti. <span class="bld">Attha</span>saddo cāyaṃ hitapariyāyavacano, na bhāsitatthavacano. Yadi siyā, suttaṃ attanopi bhāsitatthaṃ sūceti parassapīti ayamattho vutto siyā, suttena ca yo attho pakāsito, so tasseva hoti, na tena parattho sūcito hotīti. Tena sūcetabbassa paratthassa nivattetabbassa abhāvā attaggahaṇañca na kattabbaṃ. Attatthaparatthavinimuttassa bhāsitatthassa abhāvā ādiggahaṇañca na kattabbaṃ, tasmā yathāvuttassa hitapariyāyassa atthassa sutte asambhavato suttādhārassa puggalassa vasena attatthaparatthā vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā suttaṃ anapekkhitvā ye attatthādayo atthappabhedā ‘‘na haññadatthatthi pasaṃsalābhā’’ti etassa padassa <span class="bld">niddese</span> (mahāni. 63) vuttā attattho, parattho, ubhayattho, diṭṭhadhammiko attho, samparāyiko attho, uttāno attho, gambhīro attho, guḷho attho, paṭicchanno attho, neyyo attho, nīto attho, anavajjo attho, nikkileso attho, vodāno attho, paramatthoti, te atthe suttaṃ sūcetīti attho <a name="M1.0070"></a> gahetabbo. Tathā hi kiñcāpi suttanirapekkhaṃ attatthādayo vuttā suttatthabhāvena aniddiṭṭhattā, tesu pana ekopi atthappabhedo suttena dīpetabbataṃ nātikkamati, tasmā te atthe suttaṃ sūcetīti vuccati. Imasmiñca atthavikappe <span class="bld">attha</span>-saddoyaṃ bhāsitatthapariyāyopi hoti. Ettha hi purimakā pañca atthappabhedā hitapariyāyā, tato pare cha bhāsitatthabhedā, pacchimakā pana ubhayasabhāvā. Tattha duradhigamatāya vibhāvane agādhabhāvo gambhīro, na vivaṭo guḷho, mūludakādayo viya paṃsunā akkharasannivesādinā tirohito paṭicchanno. Niddhāretvā ñāpetabbo neyyo, yathārutavasena veditabbo nīto. Anavajjanikkilesavodānā pariyāyavasena vuttā, kusalavipākakiriyadhammavasena vā. Paramattho nibbānaṃ, dhammānaṃ aviparītasabhāvo eva vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā attanā ca appiccho hotīti attatthaṃ, appicchākathañca paresaṃ kattā hotīti paratthaṃ sūceti. Evaṃ ‘‘attanā ca pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hotī’’tiādīni (a. ni. 4.99) suttāni yojetabbāni. Vinayābhidhammehi ca visesetvā suttasaddassa attho vattabbo, tasmā veneyyajjhāsayavasappavattāya desanāya attahitaparahitādīni sātisayaṃ pakāsitāni honti tappadhānabhāvato, na āṇādhammasabhāvavasappavattāyāti idameva atthānaṃ sūcanato suttanti vuttaṃ. Evañca katvā ‘‘ettakaṃ tassa bhagavato suttāgataṃ suttapariyāpanna’’nti (pāci. 655) ca ‘‘sakavāde pañca suttasatānī’’ti (dha. sa. aṭṭha. nidānakathā) ca evamādīsu suttasaddo upacaritoti gahetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Suttesu <a name="V1.0063"></a> āṇādhammasabhāvā ca veneyyajjhāsayaṃ anuvattanti, na vinayābhidhammesu viya veneyyajjhāsayo āṇādhammasabhāve, tasmā veneyyānaṃ ekantahitapaṭilābhasaṃvattanikā suttantadesanā hotīti <span class="bld">‘‘suvuttā cettha atthā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. ‘‘Ekantahitapaṭilābhasaṃvattanikā suttantadesanā’’ti idampi veneyyānaṃ hitasampāpane suttantadesanāya tapparabhāvaṃyeva sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tapparabhāvo ca veneyyajjhāsayānulomato daṭṭhabbo. Tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘veneyyajjhāsayānulomena vuttattā’’</span>ti<a name="M1.0071"></a>. Vinayadesanaṃ viya issarabhāvato āṇāpatiṭṭhāpanavasena adesetvā veneyyānaṃ ajjhāsayānulomena cariyānurūpaṃ vuttattā desitattāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Anupubbasikkhādivasena kālantare abhinipphattiṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘sassamiva phala’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Pasavatī</span>ti phalati, nipphādetīti attho. Upāyasamaṅgīnaṃyeva nipphajjanabhāvaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘dhenu viya khīra’’</span>nti āha. Dhenutopi hi upāyavantānaṃyeva khīrapaṭilābho hoti. Anupāyena hi akāle ajātavacchaṃ dhenuṃ dohanto kālepi vā visāṇaṃ gahetvā dohanto neva khīraṃ paṭilabhati. ‘‘Suttāṇā’’ti etassa atthaṃ pakāsetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘suṭṭhu ca ne tāyatī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Suttasabhāga</span>nti suttasadisaṃ. Suttasabhāgataṃyeva dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘yathā hī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Tacchakānaṃ sutta</span>nti vaḍḍhakīnaṃ kāḷasuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Pamāṇaṃ hotī</span>ti tadanusārena tacchanato. <span class="bld">Evametampi viññūna</span>nti yathā kāḷasuttaṃ pasāretvā saññāṇe kate gahetabbaṃ vissajjetabbañca paññāyati, evaṃ vivādesu uppannesu sutte ānītamatte ‘‘idaṃ gahetabbaṃ, idaṃ vissajjetabba’’nti viññūnaṃ pākaṭattā vivādo vūpasammatīti etampi suttaṃ viññūnaṃ pamāṇaṃ hotīti attho. Idāni aññathāpi suttasabhāgataṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘yathā cā’’</span>tiādi. Suttaṃ viya pamāṇattā saṅgāhakattā ca suttamiva suttanti vuttaṃ hoti. Ettha ca attatthādividhāne suttassa pamāṇabhāvo attatthādīnaṃyeva ca saṅgāhakattaṃ yojetabbaṃ tadatthappakāsanapadhānattā suttassa. Vinayābhidhammehi visesattañca pubbe vuttanayeneva yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Eta</span>nti ‘‘atthānaṃ sūcanato’’tiādikaṃ atthavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Etassā</span>ti suttassa.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ya</span>nti yasmā. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti abhidhamme. <span class="bld">Abhikkamantī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">abhi</span>-saddo kamanakiriyāya vuḍḍhibhāvaṃ atirekataṃ dīpetīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘abhikkamantītiādīsu vuḍḍhiyaṃ āgato’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Abhiññātā</span>ti aḍḍhacandādinā kenaci saññāṇena ñātā paññātā pākaṭāti attho. Aḍḍhacandādibhāvo hi rattiyā upalakkhaṇavasena saññāṇaṃ hoti, yasmā aḍḍho cando, tasmā aṭṭhamī, yasmā ūno, tasmā cātuddasī, yasmā puṇṇo, tasmā <a name="M1.0072"></a> pannarasīti. <span class="bld">Abhilakkhitā</span>ti etthāpi <a name="V1.0064"></a> ayamevattho veditabbo. Abhilakkhitasaddapariyāyo abhiññātasaddoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘abhiññātā abhilakkhitātiādīsu lakkhaṇe’’</span>ti. Ettha ca vācakasaddantarasannidhānena nipātānaṃ tadatthajotakamattattā lakkhitasaddatthajotako abhisaddo lakkhaṇe vattatīti vutto. <span class="bld">Rājābhirājā</span>ti rājūhi pūjetuṃ araho rājā. <span class="bld">Pūjite</span>ti pūjārahe.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Abhidhamme</span>ti ‘‘supinantena sukkavissaṭṭhiyā anāpattibhāvepi akusalacetanā upalabbhatī’’tiādinā vinayapaññattiyā saṅkaravirahite dhamme. ‘‘Pubbāparavirodhābhāvato dhammānaṃyeva ca aññamaññasaṅkaravirahite dhamme’’tipi vadanti. ‘‘Pāṇātipāto akusala’’nti evamādīsu ca maraṇādhippāyassa jīvitindriyupacchedakapayogasamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā akusalaṃ, na pāṇasaṅkhātajīvitindriyassa upacchedasaṅkhāto atipāto, tathā adinnassa parasantakassa ādānasaṅkhātā viññatti abyākato dhammo, taṃviññattisamuṭṭhāpikā theyyacetanā akusalo dhammoti evamādināpi aññamaññasaṅkaravirahite dhammeti attho veditabbo. <span class="bld">Abhivinaye</span>ti ettha ‘‘jātarūparajataṃ na paṭiggahetabba’’nti vadanto vinaye vineti nāma. Ettha ‘‘evaṃ paṭiggaṇhato pācittiyaṃ, evaṃ dukkaṭanti vadanto ca abhivinaye vineti nāmā’’ti vadanti. Tasmā jātarūparajataṃ theyyacittena parasantakaṃ gaṇhantassa yathāvatthu pārājikathullaccayadukkaṭesu aññataraṃ, bhaṇḍāgārikasīsena gaṇhantassa pācittiyaṃ, attatthāya gaṇhantassa nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Kevalaṃ lolatāya gaṇhantassa anāmāsadukkaṭaṃ, rūpiyachaḍḍakassa sammatassa anāpattīti evaṃ aññamaññasaṅkaravirahite vinaye paṭibalo vinetunti attho veditabbo. <span class="bld">Abhikkantenā</span>ti ettha kantiyā adhikattaṃ abhisaddo dīpetīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘adhike’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca ‘‘abhikkamantī’’ti ettha abhisaddo kamanakiriyāya vuḍḍhibhāvaṃ atirekataṃ dīpeti, ‘‘abhiññātā abhilakkhitā’’ti ettha ñāṇalakkhaṇakiriyānaṃ supākaṭattā visesaṃ, ‘‘abhikkantenā’’ti ettha kantiyā adhikattaṃ visiṭṭhataṃ dīpetīti idaṃ tāva yuttaṃ kiriyāvisesakattā upasaggassa, ‘‘abhirājā abhivinayo’’ti pana pūjitaparicchinnesu rājavinayesu abhisaddo vattatīti kathametaṃ yujjeyyāti ce? Idhāpi natthi <a name="M1.0073"></a> doso pūjanaparicchedanakiriyādīpanato, tāhi ca kiriyāhi rājavinayānaṃ yuttattā, tasmā ettha atimālādīsu atisaddo viya abhisaddo saha sādhanena kiriyaṃ vadatīti abhirājaabhivinayasaddā siddhā, evaṃ abhidhammasadde abhisaddo saha sādhanena vuḍḍhiyādikiriyaṃ dīpetīti ayamattho dassitoti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ettha</span> <a name="V1.0065"></a> <span class="bld">cā</span>ti abhidhamme. <span class="bld">Bhāvetī</span>ti cittassa vaḍḍhanaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Pharitvā</span>ti ārammaṇassa vaḍḍhanaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Vuḍḍhimanto</span>ti bhāvanāpharaṇavuḍḍhīhi vuḍḍhimantopi dhammā vuttāti attho. <span class="bld">Ārammaṇādīhī</span>ti ārammaṇasampayuttakammadvārapaṭipadādīhi. <span class="bld">Lakkhaṇīyattā</span>ti sañjānitabbattā. Ekantato lokuttaradhammānaṃyeva pūjārahattā ‘‘sekkhā dhammā’’tiādinā lokuttarāyeva pūjitāti dassitā. <span class="bld">Sabhāvaparicchinnattā</span>ti phusanādisabhāvena paricchinnattā. <span class="bld">Adhikāpi dhammā vuttā</span>ti ettha kāmāvacarehi mahantabhāvato mahaggatā dhammāpi adhikā nāma hontīti tehi saddhiṃ adhikā dhammā vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yaṃ panettha avisiṭṭha</span>nti ettha vinayādīsu tīsu aññamaññavisiṭṭhesu yaṃ avisiṭṭhaṃ samānaṃ, taṃ piṭakasaddanti attho. Vinayādayo hi tayo saddā aññamaññaṃ asādhāraṇattā visiṭṭhā nāma, piṭakasaddo pana tehi tīhipi sādhāraṇattā avisiṭṭhoti vuccati. <span class="bld">Mā piṭakasampadānenā</span>ti pāḷisampadānavasena mā gaṇhathāti vuttaṃ hoti. Kudālañca piṭakañca <span class="bld">kudālapiṭakaṃ</span>. Tattha ku vuccati pathavī, tassā dālanato vidālanato ayomayo upakaraṇaviseso kudālaṃ nāma, tālapaṇṇavettalatādīhi kato bhājanaviseso piṭakaṃ nāma, taṃ ādāya gahetvāti attho. <span class="bld">Yathāvuttenā</span>ti ‘‘evaṃ duvidhatthenā’’tiādinā vuttappakārena.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Desanāsāsanakathābheda</span>nti ettha kathetabbānaṃ atthānaṃ desakāyattena āṇādividhinā abhisajjanaṃ pabodhanaṃ <span class="bld">desanā</span>. Sāsitabbapuggalagatena yathāparādhādinā sāsitabbabhāvena anusāsanaṃ vinayanaṃ <span class="bld">sāsanaṃ</span><a name="M1.0074"></a>. Kathetabbassa saṃvarāsaṃvarādino atthassa kathanaṃ vacanapaṭibaddhatākaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">kathā</span>ti vuccati. Tasmā desitāraṃ bhagavantamapekkhitvā desanā, sāsitabbapuggalavasena sāsanaṃ, kathetabbassa atthassa vasena kathāti evamettha desanādīnaṃ nānākaraṇaṃ veditabbaṃ. Ettha ca kiñcāpi desanādayo desetabbādinirapekkhā na honti, āṇādayo pana visesato desakādiadhīnāti taṃtaṃvisesayogavasena desanādīnaṃ bhedo vutto. Tathā hi āṇāvidhānaṃ visesato āṇārahādhīnaṃ tattha kosallayogato. Evaṃ vohāraparamatthavidhānāni ca vidhāyakādhīnānīti āṇādividhino desakāyattatā vuttā. Aparādhajjhāsayānurūpaṃ viya dhammānurūpampi sāsanaṃ visesato, tathā vinetabbapuggalāpekkhanti sāsitabbapuggalavasena sāsanaṃ vuttaṃ. Saṃvarāsaṃvaranāmarūpānaṃ viya viniveṭhetabbāya diṭṭhiyāpi kathanaṃ sati vācāvatthusmiṃ nāsatīti visesato tadadhīnanti kathetabbassa atthassa vasena kathā vuttā. Bhedasaddo visuṃ visuṃ yojetabbo ‘‘desanābhedaṃ sāsanabhedaṃ kathābhedañca yathārahaṃ paridīpaye’’ti. <span class="bld">Bheda</span>nti ca nānattanti attho. Tesu piṭakesu sikkhā ca pahānāni ca gambhīrabhāvo <a name="V1.0066"></a> ca sikkhāpahānagambhīrabhāvaṃ, tañca yathārahaṃ paridīpayeti attho. Pariyattibhedañca vibhāvayeti sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pariyattibheda</span>nti ca pariyāpuṇanabhedanti attho. <span class="bld">Yahi</span>nti yasmiṃ vinayādike piṭake. Yaṃ sampattiñca vipattiñca yathā pāpuṇāti, tampi sabbaṃ vibhāvayeti sambandho. Atha vā yaṃ pariyattibhedaṃ sampattiñca vipattiñcāpi yahiṃ yathā pāpuṇāti, tampi sabbaṃ vibhāvayeti yojetabbaṃ. Ettha <span class="bld">yathā</span>ti yehi upārambhādihetupariyāpuṇanādippakārehi upārambhanissaraṇadhammakosakarakkhaṇahetupariyāpuṇanaṃ suppaṭipatti duppaṭipattīti etehi pakārehīti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paridīpanā vibhāvanā cā</span>ti heṭṭhā vuttassa anurūpato vuttaṃ, atthato pana ekameva. <span class="bld">Āṇārahenā</span>ti āṇaṃ ṭhapetuṃ arahatīti āṇāraho, bhagavā. So hi sammāsambuddhatāya mahākāruṇikatāya ca aviparītahitopadesakabhāvena pamāṇavacanattā āṇaṃ paṇetuṃ arahati, vohāraparamatthānampi sambhavato āha <span class="bld">‘‘āṇābāhullato’’</span>ti. Ito paresupi eseva nayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paṭhama</span>nti <a name="M1.0075"></a> vinayapiṭakaṃ. Pacurāparādhā seyyasakattherādayo. Te hi dosabāhullato <span class="bld">‘‘pacurāparādhā’’</span>ti vuttā. Pacuro bahuko bahulo aparādho doso vītikkamo yesaṃ te pacurāparādhā. <span class="bld">Anekajjhāsayā</span>tiādīsu āsayova <span class="bld">ajjhāsayo</span>. So ca atthato diṭṭhi ñāṇañca, pabhedato pana catubbidhaṃ hoti. Tathā hi pubbacariyavasena āyatiṃ sati paccaye uppajjamānārahā sassatucchedasaṅkhātā micchādiṭṭhi saccānulomikañāṇakammassakataññāṇasaṅkhātā sammādiṭṭhi ca <span class="bld">‘‘āsayo’’</span>ti vuccati. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sassatucchedadiṭṭhi ca, khanti cevānulomikā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yathābhūtañca yaṃ ñāṇaṃ, etaṃ āsayasaññita’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idañca catubbidhaṃ āsayanti ettha sattā nivasantīti āsayoti vuccati. <span class="bld">Anusayā</span> kāmarāgabhavarāgadiṭṭhipaṭighavicikicchāmānāvijjāvasena satta. Mūsikavisaṃ viya kāraṇalābhe uppajjanārahā anāgatā kilesā, atītā paccuppannā ca tatheva vuccanti. Na hi kālabhedena dhammānaṃ sabhāvabhedo atthīti. <span class="bld">Cariyā</span>ti rāgacariyādikā cha mūlacariyā, antarabhedena anekavidhā, saṃsaggavasena pana tesaṭṭhi honti. Atha vā cariyāti caritaṃ, taṃ sucaritaduccaritavasena duvidhaṃ. ‘‘Adhimutti nāma ‘ajjeva pabbajissāmi, ajjeva arahattaṃ gaṇhissāmī’tiādinā <a name="V1.0067"></a> tanninnabhāvena pavattamānaṃ sanniṭṭhāna’’nti <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> pana ‘‘sattānaṃ pubbacariyavasena abhirucī’’ti vuttaṃ. Sā duvidhā hīnapaṇītabhedena. <span class="bld">Yathānuloma</span>nti ajjhāsayādīnaṃ anurūpaṃ. <span class="bld">Ahaṃ mamāti saññino</span>ti diṭṭhimānataṇhāvasena ahaṃ mamāti evaṃ pavattasaññino. <span class="bld">Yathādhamma</span>nti natthettha attā attaniyaṃ vā, kevalaṃ dhammamattametanti evaṃ dhammasabhāvānurūpanti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Saṃvarāsaṃvaro</span>ti ettha saṃvaraṇaṃ saṃvaro, kāyavācāhi avītikkamo. Mahanto saṃvaro asaṃvaro. Vuḍḍhiattho hi ayaṃ a-kāro yathā ‘‘asekkhā dhammā’’ti, tasmā khuddako mahanto ca saṃvaroti attho. <span class="bld">Diṭṭhiviniveṭhanā</span>ti diṭṭhiyā vimocanaṃ. Adhisīlasikkhādīnaṃ vibhāgo parato paṭhamapārājikasaṃvaṇṇanāya āvi bhavissati. Suttantapāḷiyaṃ ‘‘vivicceva kāmehī’’tiādinā <a name="M1.0076"></a> samādhidesanābāhullato <span class="bld">‘‘suttantapiṭake adhicittasikkhā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Vītikkamappahānaṃ kilesāna</span>nti saṃkilesadhammānaṃ kammakilesānaṃ vā yo kāyavacīdvārehi vītikkamo, tassa pahānaṃ. Anusayavasena santāne anuvattantā kilesā kāraṇalābhe pariyuṭṭhitāpi sīlabhedavasena vītikkamituṃ na labhantīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘vītikkamapaṭipakkhattā sīlassā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Pariyuṭṭhānappahāna</span>nti okāsadānavasena kilesānaṃ citte kusalappavattiṃ pariyādiyitvā uṭṭhānaṃ pariyuṭṭhānaṃ, tassa pahānaṃ cittasantānesu uppattivasena kilesānaṃ pariyuṭṭhānassa pahānanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Anusayappahāna</span>nti appahīnabhāvena santāne anu anu sayanakā kāraṇalābhe uppattiarahā anusayā. Te pana anurūpaṃ kāraṇaṃ laddhā uppajjanārahā thāmagatā kāmarāgādayo satta kilesā, tesaṃ pahānaṃ anusayappahānaṃ. Te ca sabbaso ariyamaggapaññāya pahīyantīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘anusayapaṭipakkhattā paññāyā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tadaṅgappahāna</span>nti dīpālokeneva tamassa dānādipuññakiriyavatthugatena tena tena kusalaṅgena tassa tassa akusalaṅgassa pahānaṃ ‘‘tadaṅgappahāna’’nti vuccati. Idha pana tena tena susīlyaṅgena tassa tassa dussīlyaṅgassa pahānaṃ ‘‘tadaṅgappahāna’’nti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Vikkhambhanasamaucchedappahānānī</span>ti ettha upacārappanābhedena samādhinā pavattinivāraṇena ghaṭappahāreneva jalatale sevālassa tesaṃ tesaṃ nīvaraṇānaṃ dhammānaṃ vikkhambhanavasena pahānaṃ <span class="bld">vikkhambhanappahānaṃ</span>. Catunnaṃ ariyamaggānaṃ bhāvitattā taṃtaṃmaggavato santāne samudayapakkhikassa kilesagaṇassa accantaṃ appavattisaṅkhātasamucchedavasena pahānaṃ <span class="bld">samucchedappahānaṃ</span>. <span class="bld">Duccaritasaṃkilesassa pahāna</span>nti kāyaduccaritādi duṭṭhu caritaṃ, kilesehi vā dūsitaṃ caritanti duccaritaṃ. Tadeva yattha uppannaṃ, taṃ santānaṃ sammā kileseti bādhayati upatāpeti cāti saṃkileso, tassa pahānaṃ, kāyavacīduccaritavasena <a name="V1.0068"></a> pavattasaṃkilesassa tadaṅgavasena pahānanti vuttaṃ hoti. Samādhissa kāmacchandapaṭipakkhattā suttantapiṭake <span class="bld">taṇhāsaṃkilesassa pahānaṃ</span> vuttaṃ. Attādivinimuttasabhāvadhammappakāsanato abhidhammapiṭake <span class="bld">diṭṭhisaṃkilesassa pahānaṃ</span> vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ekamekasmiñcetthā</span>ti <a name="M1.0077"></a> etesu tīsu piṭakesu ekamekasmiṃ piṭaketi attho daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Dhammoti pāḷī</span>ti ettha pakaṭṭhānaṃ ukkaṭṭhānaṃ sīlādiatthānaṃ bodhanato sabhāvaniruttibhāvato buddhādīhi bhāsitattā ca pakaṭṭhānaṃ vacanappabandhānaṃ āḷīti pāḷi, pariyattidhammo. ‘‘Dhammoti pāḷīti ettha bhagavatā vuccamānassa atthassa vohārassa ca dīpano saddoyeva pāḷi nāmā’’ti <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ. Abhidhammaṭṭhakathāya likhite <span class="bld">sīhaḷagaṇṭhipade</span> pana idaṃ vuttaṃ – sabhāvatthassa sabhāvavohārassa ca anurūpavasena bhagavatā manasā vavatthāpitā paṇḍatti pāḷīti vuccati. Yadi saddoyeva pāḷi siyā, pāḷiyā desanāya ca nānattena bhavitabbaṃ. Manasā vavatthāpitāya ca pāḷiyā vacībhedakaraṇamattaṃ ṭhapetvā desanāya nānattaṃ natthi. Tathā hi desanaṃ dassentena manasā vavatthāpitāya pāḷiyā desanāti vacībhedakaraṇamattaṃ vinā pāḷiyā saha desanāya anaññathā vuttā. Tathā ca upari ‘‘desanāti paññattī’’ti vuttattā desanāya anaññabhāvena pāḷiyā paṇṇattibhāvo kathito hoti. Apica yadi pāḷiyā aññāyeva desanā siyā, ‘‘pāḷiyā ca pāḷiatthassa ca desanāya ca yathābhūtāvabodho’’ti vattabbaṃ siyā, evaṃ pana avatvā ‘‘pāḷiyā ca pāḷiatthassa ca yathābhūtāvabodho’’ti vuttattā pāḷiyā desanāya ca anaññabhāvo dassito hoti. Evañca katvā upari ‘‘desanā nāma paññattī’’ti dassentena desanāya anaññabhāvato pāḷiyā paṇṇattibhāvo kathitova hotīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca ‘‘saddoyeva pāḷi nāmā’’ti imasmiṃ pakkhe dhammassapi saddasabhāvattā dhammadesanānaṃ ko visesoti ce? Tesaṃ tesaṃ atthānaṃ bodhakabhāvena ñāto uggahaṇādivasena ca pubbe vavatthāpito saddappabandho <span class="bld">dhammo,</span> pacchā paresaṃ avabodhanatthaṃ pavattito tadatthappakāsako saddo <span class="bld">desanā</span>ti veditabbaṃ. Atha vā yathāvuttasaddasamuṭṭhāpako cittuppādo <span class="bld">desanā</span> ‘‘desīyati samuṭṭhāpīyati saddo etenā’’ti katvā musāvādādayo viya. Tatthāpi hi musāvādādisamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā musāvādādisaddena voharīyati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tīsupi cetesu ete dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhā</span>ti ettha pāḷiattho pāḷidesanā pāḷiatthapaṭivedho cāti ime tayo pāḷivisayā hontīti <a name="M1.0078"></a> vinayapiṭakādīnaṃ atthassa desanāya paṭivedhassa ca ādhārabhāvo yutto, piṭakāni pana pāḷiyoyevāti tesaṃ dhammassa ādhārabhāvo <a name="V1.0069"></a> kathaṃ yujjeyyāti ce? Pāḷisamudāyassa avayavapāḷiyā ādhārabhāvato. Avayavassa hi samudāyo ādhārabhāvena vuccati yathā ‘‘rukkhe sākhā’’ti. Ettha ca dhammādīnaṃ dukkhogāhabhāvato tehi dhammādīhi vinayādayo gambhīrāti vinayādīnampi catubbidho gambhīrabhāvo vuttoyeva, tasmā dhammādayo eva dukkhogāhattā gambhīrā, na vinayādayoti na codetabbametaṃ sammukhena visayavisayīmukhena ca vinayādīnaṃyeva gambhīrabhāvassa vuttattā. Dhammo hi vinayādayo, tesaṃ visayo attho, dhammatthavisayā ca desanāpaṭivedhāti. Tattha paṭivedhassa dukkarabhāvato dhammatthānaṃ, desanāñāṇassa dukkarabhāvato desanāya ca dukkhogāhabhāvo veditabbo. Paṭivedhassa pana uppādetuṃ asakkuṇeyyattā taṃvisayañāṇuppattiyā ca dukkarabhāvato dukkhogāhatā veditabbā. Dukkhena ogayhantīti <span class="bld">dukkhogāhā</span>. Ekadesena ogāhantehipi mandabuddhīhi patiṭṭhā laddhuṃ na sakkāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘alabbhaneyyapatiṭṭhā cā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Ekamekasmi</span>nti ekekasmiṃ piṭake. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti etesu piṭakesu. Niddhāraṇe cetaṃ bhummavacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni hetuhetuphalādīnaṃ vasenapi gambhīrabhāvaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘aparo nayo’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Hetū</span>ti paccayo. So hi attano phalaṃ dahati vidahatīti dhammoti vuccati. Dhammasaddassa cettha hetupariyāyatā kathaṃ viññāyatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘vuttañheta’’</span>ntiādi. Nanu ca <span class="bld">‘‘hetumhi ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā’’</span>ti etena vacanena dhammassa hetubhāvo kathaṃ viññāyatīti ce? Dhammapaṭisambhidāti etassa samāsapadassa avayavapadatthaṃ dassentena ‘‘hetumhi ñāṇa’’nti vuttattā. ‘‘Dhamme paṭisambhidā dhammapaṭisambhidā’’ti ettha hi ‘‘dhamme’’ti etassa atthaṃ dassentena ‘‘hetumhī’’ti vuttaṃ, ‘‘paṭisambhidā’’ti etassa atthaṃ dassentena ‘‘ñāṇa’’nti, tasmā hetudhammasaddā ekatthā ñāṇapaṭisambhidāsaddā cāti imamatthaṃ vadantena sādhito dhammassa hetubhāvo. <span class="bld">Hetuphale ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā</span>ti etena vacanena sādhito atthassa hetuphalabhāvopi evameva daṭṭhabbo. Hetuno phalaṃ hetuphalaṃ. Tañca yasmā hetuanusārena <a name="M1.0079"></a> arīyati adhigamīyati sampāpuṇīyati, tasmā atthoti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yathādhamma</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">dhamma</span>saddo hetuṃ hetuphalañca sabbaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Sabhāvavācako hesa dhammasaddo, na pariyattihetubhāvavācako, tasmā <span class="bld">yathādhamma</span>nti yo yo avijjādisaṅkhārādidhammo, tasmiṃ tasminti attho. Dhammānurūpaṃ vā yathādhammaṃ. Desanāpi hi paṭivedho viya aviparītavisayavibhāvanato dhammānurūpaṃ pavattati, tatoyeva ca aviparītābhilāpoti vuccati. <span class="bld">Dhammābhilāpo</span>ti atthabyañjanako aviparītābhilāpo. Ettha ca abhilappatīti abhilāpoti saddo vuccati. Etena ‘‘tatra dhammaniruttābhilāpe ñāṇaṃ niruttipaṭisambhidā’’ti (vibha. 718) ettha <a name="V1.0070"></a> vuttaṃ dhammaniruttiṃ dasseti saddasabhāvattā desanāya. Tathā hi niruttipaṭisambhidāya parittārammaṇādibhāvo <span class="bld">paṭisambhidāvibhaṅgapāḷiyaṃ</span> (vibha. 718 ādayo) vutto. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhakathāyañca</span> (vibha. aṭṭha. 718) ‘‘taṃ sabhāvaniruttiṃ saddaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā’’tiādinā saddārammaṇatā dassitā. Tathā hi imassa atthassa ayaṃ saddo vācakoti vacanavacanatthe vavatthapetvā taṃtaṃvacanatthavibhāvanavasena pavattito saddo desanāti vuccati. <span class="bld">Adhippāyo</span>ti etena ‘‘desanāti paññattī’’ti etaṃ vacanaṃ dhammaniruttābhilāpaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, na tato vinimuttaṃ paññattiṃ sandhāyāti adhippāyaṃ dasseti. Desīyati attho etenāti hi <span class="bld">desanā,</span> pakārena ñāpīyati etena, pakārato ñāpetīti vā <span class="bld">paññattī</span>ti dhammaniruttābhilāpo vuccati. Evaṃ ‘‘desanā nāma saddo’’ti imasmiṃ pakkhe ayamattho veditabbo. ‘‘Desanāti paññattī’’ti ettha paññattivādino pana evaṃ vadanti – kiñcāpi ‘‘dhammābhilāpo’’ti ettha abhilappatīti abhilāpoti saddo vuccati, na paṇṇatti, tathāpi sadde vuccamāne tadanurūpaṃ vohāraṃ gahetvā tena vohārena dīpitassa atthassa jānanato sadde kathite tadanurūpā paṇṇattipi kāraṇūpacārena kathitāyeva hoti. Atha vā ‘‘dhammābhilāpoti attho’’ti avatvā ‘‘dhammābhilāpoti adhippāyo’’ti vuttattā desanā nāma saddo na hotīti dīpitamevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni paṭivedhaṃ niddisanto āha <span class="bld">‘‘paṭivedhoti abhisamayo’’</span>ti. Paṭivijjhatīti ñāṇaṃ paṭivedhoti vuccati. Paṭivijjhanti etenāti vā paṭivedho<a name="M1.0080"></a>, abhisametīti abhisamayo, abhisamenti etenāti vā abhisamayo. Idāni abhisamayappabhedato abhisamayappakārato ārammaṇato sabhāvato ca pākaṭaṃ kātuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘so ca lokiyalokuttaro’’</span>tiādimāha. Visayato asammohato ca avabodhoti sambandho. Tattha <span class="bld">visayato</span> atthādianurūpaṃ dhammādīsu avabodho nāma avijjādidhammārammaṇo saṅkhārādiatthārammaṇo tadubhayapaññāpanārammaṇo lokiyo avabodho. <span class="bld">Asammohato</span> atthādianurūpaṃ dhammādīsu avabodho pana nibbānārammaṇo maggayutto yathāvuttadhammatthapaññattīsu sammohaviddhaṃsano lokuttaro abhisamayo. Tathā hi ‘‘ayaṃ hetu, idamassa phalaṃ, ayaṃ tadubhayānurūpo vohāro’’ti evaṃ ārammaṇakaraṇavasena lokiyañāṇaṃ visayato paṭivijjhati, lokuttarañāṇaṃ pana hetuhetuphalādīsu sammohassa maggañāṇena samucchinnattā asammohato paṭivijjhati. <span class="bld">Atthānurūpaṃ dhammesū</span>ti avijjā hetu, saṅkhārā hetusamuppannā, saṅkhāre uppādeti avijjāti evaṃ kāriyānurūpaṃ kāraṇesūti attho. Atha vā puññābhisaṅkhāraapuññābhisaṅkhāraāneñjābhisaṅkhāresu tīsu apuññābhisaṅkhārassa sampayuttaavijjā paccayo, itaresaṃ yathānurūpantiādinā kāriyānurūpaṃ kāraṇesu paṭivedhoti attho. <span class="bld">Dhammānurūpaṃ atthesū</span>ti <a name="V1.0071"></a> ‘‘avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā’’tiādinā kāraṇānurūpaṃ kāriyesu avabodhoti attho. <span class="bld">Paññattipathānurūpaṃ paññattīsū</span>ti paññattiyā vuccamānadhammānurūpaṃ paṇṇattīsu avabodhoti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathāvuttehi dhammādīhi piṭakānaṃ gambhīrabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘idāni yasmā etesu piṭakesū’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Dhammajāta</span>nti kāraṇappabhedo kāraṇameva vā. <span class="bld">Atthajāta</span>nti kāriyappabhedo kāriyameva vā. Yā cāyaṃ desanāti sambandho. <span class="bld">Yo cetthā</span>ti etāsu taṃtaṃpiṭakagatāsu dhammatthadesanāsu yo paṭivedhoti attho. <span class="bld">Dukkhogāha</span>nti ettha avijjāsaṅkhārādīnaṃ dhammatthānaṃ duppaṭivijjhatāya dukkhogāhatā. Tesaṃ paññāpanassa dukkarabhāvato desanāya paṭivedhanasaṅkhātassa paṭivedhassa ca uppādanavisayīkaraṇānaṃ asakkuṇeyyatāya dukkhogāhatā veditabbā. <span class="bld">Evampī</span>ti <span class="bld">pi</span>saddo pubbe vuttappakārantaraṃ sampiṇḍeti. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti etesu tīsu piṭakesu. <span class="bld">Vuttatthā</span>ti vutto saṃvaṇṇito attho assāti vuttatthā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tīsu</span> <a name="M1.0081"></a> <span class="bld">piṭakesū</span>ti ettha ‘‘ekekasmi’’nti adhikārato pakaraṇato vā veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Pariyattibhedo</span>ti pariyāpuṇanaṃ pariyatti. Pariyāpuṇanavācako hettha pariyattisaddo, na pāḷipariyāyo, tasmā evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo ‘‘tīsu piṭakesu ekekasmiṃ pariyāpuṇanappakāro daṭṭhabbo ñātabbo’’ti. Tatoyeva ca ‘‘pariyattiyo pariyāpuṇanappakārā’’ti tīsupi <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ. Atha vā tīhi pakārehi pariyāpuṇitabbā pāḷiyo eva pariyattīti vuccanti, tatoyeva ca ‘‘pariyattiyo pāḷikkamā’’ti abhidhammaṭṭhakathāya likhite <span class="bld">sīhaḷagaṇṭhipade</span> vuttaṃ. Evampi hi alagaddūpamāpariyāpuṇanayogato alagaddūpamā pariyattīti pāḷipi sakkā vattuṃ, evañca katvā ‘‘duggahitā upārambhādihetu pariyāpuṭā alagaddūpamā’’ti parato niddesavacanampi upapannaṃ hoti. Tattha hi pāḷiyeva duggahitā pariyāpuṭāti vattuṃ vaṭṭati. <span class="bld">Alagaddūpamā</span>ti alagaddo alagaddaggahaṇaṃ upamā etissāti alagaddūpamā. Alagaddassa gahaṇañhettha alagaddasaddena vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. ‘‘Āpūpiko’’ti ettha apūpasaddena apūpakhādanaṃ viya alagaddaggahaṇena gahitapariyatti upamīyati, na pana alagaddena. ‘‘Alagaddaggahaṇūpamā’’ti vā vattabbe majjhepadalopaṃ katvā ‘‘alagaddūpamā’’ti vuttaṃ ‘‘oṭṭhamukho’’tiādīsu viya. Alagaddoti cettha āsīviso vuccati. Gadoti hi visassa nāmaṃ. Tañca tassa alaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ atthi, tasmā alaṃ pariyatto paripuṇṇo gado assāti anunāsikalopaṃ dakārāgamañca katvā ‘‘alagaddo’’ti vuccati. Atha vā alaṃ jīvitaharaṇe samattho gado assāti alagaddo. <span class="bld">Nissaraṇatthā</span>ti vaṭṭadukkhato nissaraṇaṃ attho payojanaṃ etissāti nissaraṇatthā. <span class="bld">Bhaṇḍāgārikapariyattī</span>ti <a name="V1.0072"></a> ettha bhaṇḍāgāre niyutto bhaṇḍāgāriko, bhaṇḍāgāriko viya bhaṇḍāgāriko, dhammaratanānupālako. Aññaṃ atthaṃ anapekkhitvā bhaṇḍāgārikasseva sato pariyatti bhaṇḍāgārikapariyatti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Duggahitā</span>ti duṭṭhu gahitā. Duggahitabhāvameva vibhāvento āha <span class="bld">‘‘upārambhādihetu pariyāpuṭā’’</span>ti, upārambhā itivādappamokkhādihetu uggahitāti attho. Lābhasakkārādihetu pariyāpuṇanampi ettheva saṅgahitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ alagaddasuttaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.239) –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yo <a name="M1.0082"></a> hi buddhavacanaṃ ‘evaṃ cīvarādīni vā labhissāmi, catuparisamajjhe vā maṃ jānissantī’ti lābhasakkārādihetu pariyāpuṇāti, tassa sā pariyatti alagaddapariyatti nāma. Evaṃ pariyāpuṇanato hi buddhavacanaṃ apariyāpuṇitvā niddokkamanaṃ varatara’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca alagaddaggahaṇūpamā pariyatti alagaddūpamāti vuccati, evañca sati suggahitāpi pariyatti alagaddūpamāti vattuṃ vaṭṭati tatthāpi alagaddaggahaṇassa upamābhāvena pāḷiyaṃ vuttattā. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso alagaddatthiko alagaddagavesī alagaddapariyesanaṃ caramāno, so passeyya mahantaṃ alagaddaṃ, tamenaṃ ajapadena daṇḍena suniggahitaṃ niggaṇheyya, ajapadena daṇḍena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā gīvāya suggahitaṃ gaṇheyya. Kiñcāpi so, bhikkhave, alagaddo tassa purisassa hatthaṃ vā bāhaṃ vā aññataraṃ vā aṅgapaccaṅgaṃ bhogehi paliveṭheyya, atha kho so neva tatonidānaṃ maraṇaṃ vā nigaccheyya maraṇattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu, suggahitattā, bhikkhave, alagaddassa, evameva kho, bhikkhave, idhekacce kulaputtā dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti suttaṃ geyya’’ntiādi (ma. ni. 1.239).</p>
<p class="unindented">Tasmā idha duggahitā eva pariyatti alagaddūpamāti ayaṃ viseso kuto viññāyati, yena duggahitā upārambhādihetu pariyāpuṭā alagaddūpamāti vuccatīti? Saccametaṃ, idaṃ pana pārisesañāyena vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tathā hi nissaraṇatthabhaṇḍāgārikapariyattīnaṃ visuṃ gahitattā pārisesato <a name="V1.0073"></a> alagaddassa duggahaṇūpamā pariyatti alagaddūpamāti viññāyati. Suggahaṇūpamā hi pariyatti nissaraṇatthā vā hoti bhaṇḍāgārikapariyatti vā, tasmā suvuttametaṃ ‘‘duggahitā upārambhādihetu pariyāpuṭā alagaddūpamā’’ti. <span class="bld">Yaṃ sandhāyā</span>ti yaṃ pariyattiduggahaṇaṃ sandhāya. <span class="bld">Vutta</span>nti alagaddasutte vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Alagaddatthiko</span>ti āsīvisatthiko. Alagaddaṃ gavesati pariyesati sīlenāti <span class="bld">alagaddagavesī</span>. <span class="bld">Alagaddapariyesanaṃ caramāno</span>ti alagaddapariyesanatthaṃ caramāno. <span class="bld">Bhoge</span>ti sarīre. <span class="bld">Hatthe vā bāhāya</span> <a name="M1.0083"></a> <span class="bld">vā</span>ti ettha maṇibandhako yāva agganakhā ‘‘hattho’’ti veditabbo, saddhiṃ aggabāhāya avasesā ‘‘bāhā’’ti. Katthaci pana ‘‘kapparato paṭṭhāyapi yāva agganakhā hattho’’ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Aññatarasmiṃ vā aṅgapaccaṅge</span>ti vuttalakkhaṇaṃ hatthañca bāhañca ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ sarīraṃ ‘‘aṅgapaccaṅga’’nti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Tatonidāna</span>nti taṃnidānaṃ, taṃkāraṇāti vuttaṃ hoti. Purimapade hi vibhattialopaṃ katvā niddeso. Taṃ hatthādīsu ḍaṃsanaṃ nidānaṃ kāraṇaṃ etassāti taṃnidānanti hi vattabbe ‘‘tatonidāna’’nti purimapade paccatte nissakkavacanaṃ katvā tassa ca lopaṃ akatvā niddeso. <span class="bld">Taṃ kissa hetū</span>ti yaṃ vuttaṃ hatthādīsu ḍaṃsanaṃ taṃnidānañca maraṇādiupagamanaṃ, taṃ kissa hetu kena kāraṇenāti ce. <span class="bld">Idhā</span>ti imasmiṃ sāsane. <span class="bld">Ekacce moghapurisā</span>ti ekacce tucchapurisā. <span class="bld">Dhamma</span>nti pāḷidhammaṃ. <span class="bld">Pariyāpuṇantī</span>ti uggaṇhantīti attho, sajjhāyanti ceva vācuggatā karontā dhārenti cāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Attha</span>nti yathābhūtaṃ bhāsitatthaṃ payojanatthañca. <span class="bld">Na upaparikkhantī</span>ti na pariggaṇhanti na vicārenti. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – ‘‘imasmiṃ ṭhāne sīlaṃ kathitaṃ, idha samādhi, idha paññā kathitā, mayañca taṃ pūressāmā’’ti evaṃ bhāsitatthaṃ payojanatthañca ‘‘sīlaṃ samādhissa kāraṇaṃ, samādhi vipassanāyā’’tiādinā na pariggaṇhantīti. <span class="bld">Anupaparikkhata</span>nti anupaparikkhantānaṃ. <span class="bld">Na nijjhānaṃ khamantī</span>ti nijjhānapaññaṃ nakkhamanti, nijjhāyitvā paññāya disvā rocetvā gahetabbā na hontīti adhippāyo. Tena imamatthaṃ dīpeti ‘‘tesaṃ paññāya atthaṃ anupaparikkhantānaṃ te dhammā na upaṭṭhahanti, ‘imasmiṃ ṭhāne sīlaṃ, samādhi, vipassanā, maggo, phalaṃ, vaṭṭaṃ, vivaṭṭaṃ kathita’nti evaṃ jānituṃ na sakkā hontī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Te upārambhānisaṃsā cevā</span>ti te paresaṃ vāde dosāropanānisaṃsā hutvā pariyāpuṇantīti attho. <span class="bld">Itivādappamokkhānisaṃsā cā</span>ti iti evaṃ etāya pariyattiyā vādappamokkhānisaṃsā, attano upari parehi āropitavādassa niggahassa pamokkhappayojanā hutvā dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇantīti attho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – parehi sakavāde dose āropite taṃ dosaṃ evañca <a name="V1.0074"></a> evañca mocessāmāti iminā ca kāraṇena pariyāpuṇantīti. Atha vā so so vādo itivādo, itivādassa pamokkho itivādappamokkho, itivādappamokkho ānisaṃso etesanti itivādappamokkhānisaṃsā, taṃtaṃvādappamocanānisaṃsā cāti attho<a name="M1.0084"></a>. <span class="bld">Yassa catthāya dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇantī</span>ti yassa ca sīlādipūraṇassa maggaphalanibbānassa vā atthāya imasmiṃ sāsane kulaputtā dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti. <span class="bld">Tañcassa atthaṃ nānubhontī</span>ti tañca assa dhammassa sīlādiparipūraṇasaṅkhātaṃ atthaṃ ete duggahitagāhino nānubhonti na vindanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā yassa upārambhassa itivādappamokkhassa vā atthāya ye moghapurisā dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti, te parehi ‘‘ayamattho na hotī’’ti vutte duggahitattāyeva soyevatthoti paṭipādanakkhamā na hontīti parassa vāde upārambhaṃ āropetuṃ attano vādā taṃ mocetuñca asakkontāpi taṃ atthaṃ nānubhontiyevāti evamattho daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattantī</span>ti tesaṃ te dhammā duggahitattā upārambhamānadappamakkhapalāsādihetubhāvena dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti. Ettha hi kāraṇe phalavohārena ‘‘te dhammā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattantī’’ti vuttaṃ. Tathā hi kiñcāpi na te dhammā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti, tathāpi vuttanayena pariyāpuṇantānaṃ sajjhāyakāle vivādasamaye ca taṃmūlakānaṃ upārambhādīnaṃ anekesaṃ akusalānaṃ uppattisabbhāvato ‘‘te dhammā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattantī’’ti kāraṇe phalavohārena vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Taṃ kissa hetū</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">ta</span>nti yathāvuttassatthassa anabhisambhuṇanaṃ tesañca dhammānaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanaṃ parāmasati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sīlakkhandhādipāripūriṃyevā</span>ti ettha ādisaddena samādhivipassanādīnaṃ saṅgaho veditabbo. Yo hi buddhavacanaṃ uggaṇhitvā sīlassa āgataṭṭhāne sīlaṃ pūretvā samādhino āgataṭṭhāne samādhigabbhaṃ gaṇhāpetvā vipassanāya āgataṭṭhāne vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā maggaphalānaṃ āgataṭṭhāne maggaṃ bhāvessāmi, phalaṃ sacchikarissāmīti uggaṇhāti, tasseva sā pariyatti nissaraṇatthā nāma hoti. <span class="bld">Yaṃ sandhāya vutta</span>nti yaṃ pariyattisuggahaṇaṃ sandhāya alagaddasutte vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya saṃvattantī</span>ti sīlādīnaṃ āgataṭṭhāne sīlādīni pūrentānampi arahattaṃ patvā parisamajjhe dhammaṃ desetvā dhammadesanāya pasannehi upanīte cattāro paccaye paribhuñjantānampi paresaṃ vāde sahadhammena upārambhaṃ āropentānampi sakavādato dosaṃ harantānampi dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya saṃvattanti. Tathā hi <a name="M1.0085"></a> na kevalaṃ suggahitapariyattiṃ nissāya maggabhāvanāphalasacchikiriyādīneva, paravādaniggahasakavādapatiṭṭhāpanānipi ijjhanti. Tathā ca vuttaṃ ‘‘uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā’’tiādi (dī. ni. 2.168).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pariññātakkhandho</span>ti <a name="V1.0075"></a> dukkhaparijānanena pariññātakkhandho. <span class="bld">Pahīnakileso</span>ti samudayappahānena pahīnakileso. <span class="bld">Paṭividdhākuppo</span>ti paṭividdhaarahattaphalo. Na kuppatīti <span class="bld">akuppa</span>nti hi arahattaphalassetaṃ nāmaṃ. Satipi hi catunnaṃ maggānaṃ catunnañca phalānaṃ akuppasabhāve sattannaṃ sekkhānaṃ sakasakanāmapariccāgena uparūpari nāmantarappattito tesaṃ maggaphalāni ‘‘akuppānī’’ti na vuccanti, arahā pana sabbadāpi arahāyeva nāmāti tasseva phalaṃ ‘‘akuppa’’nti vuttaṃ. Iminā ca imamatthaṃ dasseti ‘‘khīṇāsavasseva pariyatti bhaṇḍāgārikapariyatti nāmā’’ti. Tassa hi apariññātaṃ appahīnaṃ abhāvitaṃ asacchikataṃ vā natthi, tasmā buddhavacanaṃ pariyāpuṇanto tantidhārako paveṇīpālako vaṃsānurakkhako ca hutvā uggaṇhāti. Tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘paveṇīpālanatthāyā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">paveṇī</span>ti dhammasantati, dhammassa avicchedena pavattīti attho. <span class="bld">Vaṃsānurakkhaṇatthāyā</span>ti buddhassa bhagavato vaṃsānurakkhaṇatthaṃ. Tassa vaṃsopi atthato paveṇīyevāti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca yadi paveṇīpālanatthāya buddhavacanassa pariyāpuṇanaṃ bhaṇḍāgārikapariyatti, kasmā ‘‘khīṇāsavo’’ti visesetvā vuttaṃ. Ekaccassa puthujjanassapi hi ayaṃ nayo labbhati. Tathā hi ekacco bhikkhu chātakabhayādīsu ganthadharesu ekasmiṃ ṭhāne vasituṃ asakkontesu sayaṃ bhikkhācārena akilamamāno atimadhuraṃ buddhavacanaṃ mā nassatu, tantiṃ dhāressāmi, vaṃsaṃ ṭhapessāmi, paveṇiṃ pālessāmīti pariyāpuṇāti, tasmā tassapi pariyatti bhaṇḍāgārikapariyatti nāma kasmā na hotīti? Vuccate – evaṃ santepi puthujjanassa pariyatti bhaṇḍāgārikapariyatti nāma na hoti. Kiñcāpi hi puthujjano ‘‘paveṇiṃ pālessāmī’’ti ajjhāsayena pariyāpuṇāti, attano pana bhavakantārato anittiṇṇattā tassa pariyatti nissaraṇapariyatti nāma hoti, tasmā puthujjanassa pariyatti alagaddūpamā vā hoti nissaraṇatthā vā, sattannaṃ sekkhānaṃ nissaraṇatthāva, khīṇāsavānaṃ bhaṇḍāgārikapariyattiyevāti veditabbaṃ. Khīṇāsavo <a name="M1.0086"></a> ca bhaṇḍāgārikasadisattā bhaṇḍāgārikoti vuccati. Yathā hi bhaṇḍāgāriko alaṅkārabhaṇḍaṃ paṭisāmetvā pasādhanakāle tadupiyaṃ alaṅkārabhaṇḍaṃ rañño upanāmetvā alaṅkaroti, evaṃ khīṇāsavopi dhammaratanabhaṇḍaṃ sampaṭicchitvā mokkhādhigamassa bhabbarūpe sahetuke satte passitvā tadanurūpaṃ dhammadesanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā maggaṅgabojjhaṅgādisaṅkhātena lokuttarena alaṅkārena alaṅkarotīti bhaṇḍāgārikoti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ tisso pariyattiyo vibhajitvā idāni tīsupi piṭakesu yathārahaṃ sampattivipattiyo vitthāretvā dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘vinaye panā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Sīlasampattiṃ nissāya tisso vijjā pāpuṇātī</span>tiādīsu <a name="V1.0076"></a> yasmā sīlaṃ visujjhamānaṃ satisampajaññabalena kammassakataññāṇabalena ca saṃkilesamalato visujjhati, pāripūriñca gacchati, tasmā sīlasampadā sijjhamānā upanissayasampattibhāvena satibalaṃ ñāṇabalañca paccupaṭṭhapetīti tassā vijjattayūpanissayatā veditabbā sabhāgahetusampadānato. Satibalena hi pubbenivāsavijjāsiddhi, sampajaññena sabbakiccesu sudiṭṭhakāritāparicayena cutūpapātañāṇānubaddhāya dutiyavijjāya siddhi, vītikkamābhāvena saṃkilesappahānasabbhāvato vivaṭṭūpanissayatāvasena ajjhāsayasuddhiyā tatiyavijjāsiddhi. Puretarasiddhānaṃ samādhipaññānaṃ pāripūriṃ vinā sīlassa āsavakkhayañāṇūpanissayatā sukkhavipassakakhīṇāsavehi dīpetabbā. ‘‘Samāhito yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.99; 3.5; netti. 40; mi. pa. 2.1.14) vacanato samādhisampadā chaḷabhiññatāya upanissayo. ‘‘Yogā ve jāyati bhūrī’’ti (dha. pa. 282) vacanato pubbayogena garuvāsadesabhāsākosallauggahaṇaparipucchādīhi ca paribhāvitā paññāsampatti paṭisambhidāppabhedassa upanissayo. Ettha ca ‘‘sīlasampattiṃ nissāyā’’ti vuttattā yassa samādhivijambhanabhūtā anavasesā cha abhiññā na ijjhanti, tassa ukkaṭṭhaparicchedavasena na samādhisampadā atthīti satipi vijjānaṃ abhiññekadesabhāve sīlasampattisamudāgatā eva tisso vijjā gahitā. Yathā hi paññāsampattisamudāgatā catasso paṭisambhidā upanissayasampannassa maggeneva ijjhanti maggakkhaṇe eva tāsaṃ paṭilabhitabbato. Evaṃ sīlasampattisamudāgatā tisso vijjā samādhisampattisamudāgatā ca cha abhiññā upanissayasampannassa <a name="M1.0087"></a> maggeneva ijjhantīti maggādhigameneva tāsaṃ adhigamo veditabbo. Paccekabuddhānaṃ sammāsambuddhānañca paccekabodhisammāsambodhidhammasamadhigamasadisā hi imesaṃ ariyānaṃ ime visesādhigamāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tāsaṃyeva ca tattha pabhedavacanato</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">tāsaṃyevā</span>ti avadhāraṇaṃ pāpuṇitabbānaṃ chaḷabhiññācatupaṭisambhidānaṃ vinaye pabhedavacanābhāvaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Verañjakaṇḍe hi tisso vijjāva vibhattāti. Dutiye <span class="bld">tāsaṃyevā</span>ti avadhāraṇaṃ catasso paṭisambhidā apekkhitvā kataṃ, na tisso vijjā. Tā hi chasu abhiññāsu antogadhattā sutte vibhattāyevāti. <span class="bld">Tāsañcā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">ca</span>-saddena sesānampi tattha atthibhāvaṃ dīpeti. Abhidhammapiṭake hi tisso vijjā cha abhiññā catasso ca paṭisambhidā vuttāyeva. Paṭisambhidānaṃ pana aññattha pabhedavacanābhāvaṃ tattheva ca sammā vibhattabhāvaṃ dīpetukāmo heṭṭhā vuttanayena avadhāraṇaṃ akatvā <span class="bld">‘‘tatthevā’’</span>ti parivattetvā avadhāraṇaṃ ṭhapesi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="V1.0077"></a> ‘‘vinaye duppaṭipanno ‘mudukānaṃ attharaṇādīnaṃ samphasso viya itthisamphassopi vaṭṭatī’ti methunavītikkame dosaṃ adisvā sīlavipattiṃ pāpuṇātī’’ti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘vinaye pana duppaṭipanno’’</span>tiādi. Tattha sukho samphasso etesanti <span class="bld">sukhasamphassāni,</span> attharaṇapāvuraṇādīni. <span class="bld">Upādinnaphasso</span> itthiphasso, methunadhammoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Vuttampi heta</span>nti ariṭṭhena bhikkhunā vuttaṃ. So hi bahussuto dhammakathiko kammakilesavipākaupavādaāṇāvītikkamavasena pañcavidhesu antarāyikesu sesantarāyike jānāti, vinaye pana akovidattā paṇṇattivītikkamantarāyike na jānāti, tasmā rahogato evaṃ cintesi ‘‘ime agārikā pañca kāmaguṇe paribhuñjantā sotāpannāpi sakadāgāminopi anāgāminopi honti. Bhikkhūpi manāpikāni cakkhuviññeyyāni rūpāni passanti…pe… kāyaviññeyye phoṭṭhabbe phusanti, mudukāni attharaṇapāvuraṇādīni paribhuñjanti, etaṃ sabbaṃ vaṭṭati, kasmā itthīnaṃyeva rūpasaddagandharasaphoṭṭhabbā na vaṭṭanti, etepi vaṭṭantī’’ti anavajjena paccayaparibhuñjanarasena sāvajjakāmaguṇaparibhogarasaṃ saṃsanditvā sacchandarāgaparibhogañca nicchandarāgaparibhogañca ekaṃ katvā thūlavākehi saddhiṃ atisukhumasuttaṃ ghaṭento viya sāsapena saddhiṃ sineruno sadisataṃ upasaṃharanto <a name="M1.0088"></a> viya pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppādetvā ‘‘kiṃ bhagavatā mahāsamuddaṃ bandhantena viya mahatā ussāhena paṭhamapārājikaṃ paññattaṃ, natthi ettha doso’’ti sabbaññutaññāṇena saddhiṃ paṭivirujjhanto vesārajjañāṇaṃ paṭibāhanto ariyamagge khāṇukaṇṭakādīni pakkhipanto ‘‘methunadhamme doso natthī’’ti jinassa āṇācakke pahāramadāsi. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmī’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">antarāyikā</span>ti taṃtaṃsampattiyā vibandhanavasena sattasantānassa antare vemajjhe eti āgacchatīti antarāyo, diṭṭhadhammikādianattho. Anatikkamanaṭṭhena tasmiṃ antarāye niyuttā, antarāyaṃ vā phalaṃ arahanti, antarāyassa vā karaṇasīlāti antarāyikā, saggamokkhānaṃ antarāyakarāti vuttaṃ hoti. Te ca kammakilesavipākaupavādaāṇāvītikkamavasena pañcavidhā. Tesaṃ vitthārakathā parato <span class="bld">ariṭṭhasikkhāpade</span> (pāci. 417) āvi bhavissati. Ayaṃ panettha padatthasambandho – ye ime dhammā antarāyikā antarāyakarāti bhagavatā vuttā desitā ceva paññattā ca, te dhamme paṭisevato paṭisevantassa yathā yena pakārena te dhammā antarāyāya saggamokkhānaṃ antarāyakaraṇatthaṃ nālaṃ samatthā na honti, tathā tena pakārenāhaṃ bhagavatā desitaṃ dhammaṃ ājānāmīti. <span class="bld">Tato dussīlabhāvaṃ pāpuṇātī</span>ti tato anavajjasaññībhāvahetuto vītikkamitvā dussīlabhāvaṃ pāpuṇāti.</p>
<p class="unindented"><span class="bld">Cattārome</span><a name="V1.0078"></a>, <span class="bld">bhikkhave</span>tiādinā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro, attahitāya paṭipanno hoti, no parahitāya, parahitāya paṭipanno hoti, no attahitāya, neva attahitāya paṭipanno hoti no parahitāya, attahitāya ceva paṭipanno hoti parahitāya cā’’ti (a. ni. 4.96; pu. pa. mātikā, catukkauddesa 24) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādinā puggaladesanāpaṭisaṃyuttasuttantapāḷiṃ nidasseti. <span class="bld">Adhippāyaṃ ajānanto</span>ti ‘‘ayaṃ puggaladesanā vohāravasena, na paramatthato’’ti evaṃ bhagavato adhippāyaṃ ajānanto. Buddhassa hi bhagavato duvidhā desanā <a name="M1.0089"></a> sammutidesanā paramatthadesanā cāti. Tattha ‘‘puggalo satto itthī puriso khattiyo brāhmaṇo devo māro’’ti evarūpā <span class="bld">sammutidesanā</span>. ‘‘Aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā khandhā dhātuyo āyatanāni satipaṭṭhānā’’ti evarūpā <span class="bld">paramatthadesanā</span>. Tattha bhagavā ye sammutivasena desanaṃ sutvā atthaṃ paṭivijjhitvā mohaṃ pahāya visesamadhigantuṃ samatthā, tesaṃ sammutidesanaṃ deseti. Ye pana paramatthavasena desanaṃ sutvā atthaṃ paṭivijjhitvā mohaṃ pahāya visesamadhigantuṃ samatthā, tesaṃ paramatthadesanaṃ deseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyaṃ upamā – yathā hi desabhāsākusalo tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ atthasaṃvaṇṇako ācariyo ye damiḷabhāsāya vutte atthaṃ jānanti, tesaṃ damiḷabhāsāya ācikkhati, ye andhakabhāsādīsu aññatarāya, tesaṃ tāya bhāsāya, evaṃ te māṇavā chekaṃ byattaṃ ācariyamāgamma khippameva sippaṃ uggaṇhanti. Tattha ācariyo viya buddho bhagavā, tayo vedā viya kathetabbabhāve ṭhitāni tīṇi piṭakāni, desabhāsāya kosallamiva sammutiparamatthakosallaṃ, nānādesabhāsāmāṇavakā viya sammutiparamatthavasena paṭivijjhanasamatthā veneyyasattā, ācariyassa damiḷabhāsādiācikkhanaṃ viya bhagavato sammutiparamatthavasenapi desanā veditabbā. Āha cettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Duve saccāni akkhāsi, sambuddho vadataṃ varo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sammutiṃ paramatthañca, tatiyaṃ nūpalabbhati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Saṅketavacanaṃ <a name="V1.0079"></a> saccaṃ, lokasammutikāraṇā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paramatthavacanaṃ saccaṃ, dhammānaṃ bhūtakāraṇā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tasmā vohārakusalassa, lokanāthassa satthuno;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sammutiṃ voharantassa, musāvādo na jāyatī’’ti. (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.57; a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.170);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā puggalakathaṃ katheti – hirottappadīpanatthaṃ kammassakatādīpanatthaṃ paccattapurisakāradīpanatthaṃ ānantariyadīpanatthaṃ brahmavihāradīpanatthaṃ pubbenivāsadīpanatthaṃ dakkhiṇāvisuddhidīpanatthaṃ lokasammutiyā appahānatthañcāti. ‘‘Khandhā dhātuyo āyatanāni hiriyanti ottappantī’’ti vutte mahājano na jānāti, sammohamāpajjati, paṭisattu hoti <a name="M1.0090"></a> ‘‘kimidaṃ khandhā dhātuyo āyatanāni hiriyanti ottappanti nāmā’’ti. ‘‘Itthī hiriyati ottappati, puriso khattiyo brāhmaṇo devo māro’’ti vutte mahājano jānāti, na sammohamāpajjati, na paṭisattu hoti, tasmā bhagavā <span class="bld">hirottappadīpanatthaṃ</span> puggalakathaṃ katheti. ‘‘Khandhā kammassakā dhātuyo āyatanānī’’ti vuttepi eseva nayo. Tasmā bhagavā <span class="bld">kammassakatādīpanatthaṃ</span> puggalakathaṃ katheti. ‘‘Veḷuvanādayo mahāvihārā khandhehi kārāpitā, dhātūhi āyatanehī’’ti vuttepi eseva nayo. Tasmā bhagavā <span class="bld">paccattapurisakāradīpanatthaṃ</span> puggalakathaṃ katheti. ‘‘Khandhā mātaraṃ jīvitā voropenti, pitaraṃ arahantaṃ, ruhiruppādakammaṃ saṅghabhedaṃ karonti, dhātuyo āyatanānī’’ti vuttepi eseva nayo. Tasmā bhagavā <span class="bld">ānantariyadīpanatthaṃ</span> puggalakathaṃ katheti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Khandhā mettāyanti, dhātuyo āyatanānī’’ti vuttepi eseva nayo. Tasmā bhagavā <span class="bld">brahmavihāradīpanatthaṃ</span> puggalakathaṃ katheti. ‘‘Khandhā pubbenivāsaṃ anussaranti, dhātuyo āyatanānī’’ti vuttepi eseva nayo. Tasmā bhagavā <span class="bld">pubbenivāsadīpanatthaṃ</span> puggalakathaṃ katheti. ‘‘Khandhā dānaṃ paṭiggaṇhanti, dhātuyo āyatanānī’’ti vuttepi mahājano na jānāti, sammohamāpajjati, paṭisattu hoti ‘‘kimidaṃ khandhā dhātuyo āyatanāni paṭiggaṇhanti nāmā’’ti. ‘‘Puggalā paṭiggaṇhanti sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā’’ti vutte pana jānāti, na sammohamāpajjati, na paṭisattu hoti. Tasmā bhagavā <span class="bld">dakkhiṇāvisuddhidīpanatthaṃ</span> puggalakathaṃ katheti. Lokasammutiñca buddhā bhagavanto na vijahanti, lokasamaññāya lokaniruttiyā lokābhilāpe ṭhitāyeva dhammaṃ desenti. Tasmā bhagavā <span class="bld">lokasammutiyā appahānatthampi</span> puggalakathaṃ katheti<a name="V1.0080"></a>, tasmā iminā ca adhippāyena bhagavato puggaladesanā, na paramatthadesanāti evaṃ adhippāyaṃ ajānantoti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Duggahitaṃ gaṇhātī</span>ti ‘‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathā tadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāvati saṃsarati, anañña’’ntiādinā duggahitaṃ katvā gaṇhāti, viparītaṃ gaṇhātīti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Duggahita</span>nti hi bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso. <span class="bld">Yaṃ sandhāyā</span>ti yaṃ duggahitagāhaṃ sandhāya. Attanā duggahitena dhammenāti pāṭhaseso veditabbo. Atha vā duggahaṇaṃ duggahitaṃ. <span class="bld">Attanā</span>ti ca sāmiatthe karaṇavacanaṃ, tasmā attano duggahaṇena <a name="M1.0091"></a> viparītagāhenāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Amhe ceva abbhācikkhatī</span>ti amhākañca abbhācikkhanaṃ karoti. <span class="bld">Attānañca khanatī</span>ti attano kusalamūlāni khananto attānaṃ khanati nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhammacinta</span>nti dhammasabhāvavijānanaṃ. <span class="bld">Atidhāvanto</span>ti ṭhātabbamariyādāyaṃ aṭṭhatvā ‘‘cittuppādamattena dānaṃ hoti, sayameva cittaṃ attano ārammaṇaṃ hoti, sabbaṃ cittaṃ asabhāvadhammārammaṇa’’nti evamādinā atidhāvanto atikkamitvā pavattamāno. <span class="bld">Cattārī</span>ti buddhavisayaiddhivisayakammavipākalokavisayasaṅkhātāni cattāri. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, acinteyyāni na cintetabbāni, yāni cintento ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assa. Katamāni cattāri? Buddhānaṃ bhikkhave buddhavisayo acinteyyo na cintetabbo, yaṃ cintento ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assa. Jhāyissa, bhikkhave, jhānavisayo acinteyyo na cintetabbo…pe… kammavipāko, bhikkhave, acinteyyo na cintetabbo…pe… lokacintā bhikkhave acinteyyā na cintetabbā…pe… imāni, bhikkhave, cattāri acinteyyāni na cintetabbāni, yāni cintento ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assā’’ti (a. ni. 4.77).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha ‘‘acinteyyānī’’ti tesaṃ sabhāvanidassanaṃ. ‘‘Na cintetabbānī’’ti tattha kattabbatānidassanaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">acinteyyānī</span>ti cintetumasakkuṇeyyāni, cintetuṃ araharūpāni na hontīti attho. Acinteyyattā eva na cintetabbāni, kāmaṃ acinteyyānipi cha asādhāraṇādīni anussarantassa kusaluppattihetubhāvato tāni cintetabbāni, imāni pana evaṃ na <a name="V1.0081"></a> hontīti aphalabhāvato na cintetabbānīti adhippāyo. Tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘yāni cintento ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Tesa</span>nti tesaṃ piṭakānaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Eta</span>nti etaṃ buddhavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Tivaggasaṅgahānī</span>ti sīlakkhandhavaggamahāvaggapāthikavaggasaṅkhātehi tīhi vaggehi saṅgaho etesanti tivaggasaṅgahāni. <span class="bld">Catuttiṃseva suttantā</span>ti gāthāya evamatthayojanā veditabbā – yassa <a name="M1.0092"></a> nikāyassa suttagaṇanāto catuttiṃseva ca suttantā vaggasaṅgahavasena tayo vaggā assa saṅgahassāti tivaggo saṅgaho. Esa paṭhamo nikāyo dīghanikāyoti <span class="bld">anulomiko</span> apaccanīko, atthānulomanato anvatthanāmoti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atthānulomanato anulomiko, anulomikattaṃyeva vibhāvetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kasmā panā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Ekanikāyampī</span>ti ekasamūhampi. <span class="bld">Evaṃ citta</span>nti evaṃ vicittaṃ. <span class="bld">Yathayida</span>nti yathā ime. Poṇikā cikkhallikā ca khattiyā, tesaṃ nivāso <span class="bld">poṇikanikāyo cikkhallikanikāyo</span>ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Evamādīni cettha sādhakāni sāsanato ca lokato cā</span>ti evamādīni udāharaṇāni ettha nikāyasaddassa samūhanivāsānaṃ vācakabhāve sāsanato ca vohārato ca sādhakāni pamāṇānīti attho. Ettha paṭhamamudāharaṇaṃ sāsanato sādhakavacanaṃ, dutiyaṃ lokatoti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pañcadasavaggasaṅgahānī</span>ti mūlapariyāyavaggādīhi pañcadasahi vaggehi saṅgaho etesanti pañcadasavaggasaṅgahāni. <span class="bld">Diyaḍḍhasataṃ dve ca suttānī</span>ti aḍḍhena dutiyaṃ diyaḍḍhaṃ, ekaṃ sataṃ dve paññāsasuttāni cāti attho. <span class="bld">Yatthā</span>ti yasmiṃ nikāye. <span class="bld">Pañcadasavaggapariggaho</span>ti pañcadasahi vaggehi pariggahito saṅgahitoti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Suttantānaṃ sahassāni sattasuttasatāni cā</span>ti pāṭhe suttantānaṃ satta sahassāni satta satāni cāti yojetabbaṃ. Katthaci pana ‘‘satta suttasahassāni satta suttasatāni cā’’tipi pāṭho. <span class="bld">Saṃyuttasaṅgaho</span>ti saṃyuttanikāyassa saṅgaho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pubbe nidassitā</span>ti suttantapiṭakaniddese nidassitā. Vuttameva pakārantarena saṅkhipitvā dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ṭhapetvā cattāro nikāye avasesaṃ buddhavacana’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Sakalaṃ vinayapiṭaka</span>ntiādinā niddiṭṭhameva hi iminā pakārantarena saṅkhipitvā vuttaṃ. Tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘ṭhapetvā caturopete’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Tadañña</span>nti tehi catūhi nikāyehi aññaṃ avasesanti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sabbameva</span> <a name="V1.0082"></a>2 <span class="bld">hida</span>nti sabbameva idaṃ buddhavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Navappabheda</span>nti ettha kathaṃ panetaṃ navappabhedaṃ hoti. Tathā hi navahi aṅgehi vavatthitehi aññamaññasaṅkararahitehi bhavitabbaṃ, tathā ca sati asuttasabhāvāneva geyyaṅgādīni <a name="M1.0093"></a> siyuṃ, atha suttasabhāvāneva geyyaṅgādīni, evaṃ sati suttanti visuṃ suttaṅgameva na siyā, evaṃ sante aṭṭhaṅgaṃ sāsananti āpajjati. Apica ‘‘sagāthakaṃ suttaṃ geyyaṃ, niggāthakaṃ suttaṃ veyyākaraṇa’’nti aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ. Suttañca nāma sagāthakaṃ vā siyā niggāthakaṃ vāti aṅgadvayeneva tadubhayaṃ saṅgahitanti tadubhayavinimuttañca suttaṃ udānādivisesasaññārahitaṃ natthi, yaṃ suttaṅgaṃ siyā, athāpi kathañci visuṃ suttaṅgaṃ siyā, maṅgalasuttādīnaṃ suttaṅgasaṅgaho vā na siyā gāthābhāvato dhammapadādīnaṃ viya, geyyaṅgasaṅgaho vā siyā sagāthakattā sagāthakavaggassa viya, tathā ubhatovibhaṅgādīsu sagāthakappadesānanti? Vuccate –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Suttanti sāmaññavidhi, visesavidhayo pare;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sanimittā niruḷhattā, sahatāññena nāññato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yathāvuttassa dosassa, natthi etthāvagāhaṇaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā asaṅkaraṃyeva, navaṅgaṃ satthusāsanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbassapi hi buddhavacanassa suttanti ayaṃ <span class="bld">sāmaññavidhi</span>. Tathā hi ‘‘ettakaṃ tassa bhagavato suttāgataṃ suttapariyāpannaṃ, sāvatthiyā suttavibhaṅge, sakavāde pañca suttasatānī’’tiādivacanato vinayābhidhammapariyattivisesesupi suttavohāro dissati. Teneva ca āyasmā mahākaccāno nettiyaṃ (netti. saṅgahavāra) āha – ‘‘navavidhasuttantapariyeṭṭhī’’ti. Tattha hi suttādivasena navaṅgassa sāsanassa pariyeṭṭhi pariyesanā atthavicāraṇā ‘‘navavidhasuttantapariyeṭṭhī’’ti vuttā. Tadekadesesu pana geyyādayo <span class="bld">visesavidhayo</span> tena tena nimittena patiṭṭhitā. Tathā hi geyyassa sagāthakattaṃ tabbhāvanimittaṃ. Lokepi hi sasilokaṃ sagāthakaṃ vā cuṇṇiyaganthaṃ ‘‘geyya’’nti vadanti. Gāthāvirahe pana sati pucchaṃ katvā visajjanabhāvo veyyākaraṇassa tabbhāvanimittaṃ. Pucchāvisajjanañhi ‘‘byākaraṇa’’nti vuccati. Byākaraṇameva veyyākaraṇaṃ. Evaṃ sante sagāthakādīnampi pucchaṃ katvā visajjanavasena pavattānaṃ veyyākaraṇabhāvo āpajjatīti? Nāpajjati. Geyyādisaññānaṃ anokāsabhāvato saokāsato anokāsavidhi balavāti ‘‘gāthāvirahe satī’’ti visesitattā ca. Tathā hi <a name="M1.0094"></a> dhammapadādīsu kevalaṃ gāthābandhesu sagāthakattepi somanassañāṇamayikagāthāyuttesu ‘‘vuttañheta’’ntiādivacanasambandhesu <a name="V1.0083"></a> abbhutadhammapaṭisaṃyuttesu ca suttavisesesu yathākkamaṃ gāthāudānaitivuttakaabbhutadhammasaññā patiṭṭhitā. Ettha hi satipi saññantaranimittayoge anokāsasaññānaṃ balavabhāveneva gāthādisaññā patiṭṭhitā, tathā satipi gāthābandhabhāve bhagavato atītāsu jātīsu cariyānubhāvappakāsakesu jātakasaññā patiṭṭhitā, satipi pañhāvisajjanabhāve sagāthakatte ca kesuci suttantesu vedassa labhāpanato vedallasaññā patiṭṭhitāti evaṃ tena tena sagāthakattādinā nimittena tesu tesu suttavisesesu geyyādisaññā patiṭṭhitāti visesavidhayo suttaṅgato pare geyyādayo. Yaṃ panettha geyyaṅgādinimittarahitaṃ, taṃ suttaṅgaṃ visesasaññāparihārena sāmaññasaññāya pavattanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca evaṃ santepi sagāthakaṃ suttaṃ geyyaṃ, niggāthakaṃ suttaṃ veyyākaraṇanti suttaṅgaṃ na sambhavatīti codanā tadavatthā evāti? Na tadavatthā. Sodhitattā. Sodhitañhi pubbe gāthāvirahe sati pucchāvisajjanabhāvo veyyākaraṇassa tabbhāvanimittanti. Yañca vuttaṃ ‘‘gāthābhāvato maṅgalasuttādīnaṃ suttaṅgasaṅgaho na siyā’’ti, taṃ na, niruḷhattāti. Niruḷho hi maṅgalasuttādīnaṃ suttabhāvo. Na hi tāni dhammapadabuddhavaṃsādayo viya gāthābhāvena paññātāni, atha kho suttabhāveneva. Teneva hi aṭṭhakathāyaṃ suttanāmakanti nāmaggahaṇaṃ kataṃ. Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘sagāthakattā geyyaṅgasaṅgaho siyā’’ti, tampi natthi. Yasmā sahatāññena. Sahabhāvo hi nāma atthato aññena hoti, saha gāthāhīti ca sagāthakaṃ. Na ca maṅgalasuttādīsu gāthāvinimutto koci suttappadeso atthi, yo ‘‘saha gāthāhī’’ti vucceyya. Nanu ca gāthāsamudāyo gāthāhi añño hoti, tathā ca tassa vasena saha gāthāhīti sagāthakanti sakkā vattunti? Taṃ na. Na hi avayavavinimutto samudāyo nāma koci atthi. Yampi vuttaṃ ‘‘ubhatovibhaṅgādīsu sagāthakappadesānaṃ geyyaṅgasaṅgaho siyā’’ti, tampi na aññato. Aññāyeva hi tā gāthā jātakādipariyāpannattā. Atho na tāhi ubhatovibhaṅgādīnaṃ geyyaṅgabhāvoti evaṃ suttādīnaṃ aṅgānaṃ aññamaññasaṅkarābhāvo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="M1.0095"></a> suttādīni navaṅgāni vibhajitvā dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘tattha ubhatovibhaṅganiddesakhandhakaparivārā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">niddeso</span> nāma suttanipāte –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kāmaṃ kāmayamānassa, tassa cetaṃ samijjhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Addhā pītimano hoti, laddhā macco yadicchatī’’ti. (su. ni. 772) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādinā <a name="V1.0084"></a> āgatassa aṭṭhakavaggassa,</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kenassu nivuto loko, (iccāyasmā ajito;)</p>
<p class="gatha2">Kenassu nappakāsati;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Kissābhilepanaṃ brūsi,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kiṃsu tassa mahabbhaya’’nti. (su. ni. 1038) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādinā āgatassa pārāyanavaggassa,</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbesu bhūtesu nidhāya daṇḍaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Aviheṭhayaṃ aññatarampi tesaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha1">Na puttamiccheyya kuto sahāyaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo’’ti. (su. ni. 35) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādinā āgatassa khaggavisāṇasuttassa ca tadatthavibhāgavasena satthukappena āyasmatā dhammasenāpati<span class="bld">sāriputtattherena</span> kato niddeso mahāniddeso cūḷaniddesoti ca vuccati. Evamidha niddesassa suttaṅgasaṅgaho <span class="bld">bhadantabuddhaghosācariyena</span> dassitoti veditabbo. Aññatthāpi ca dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathādīsu sabbattha ubhatovibhaṅganiddesakhandhakaparivārāti niddesassa suttaṅgasaṅgaho eva dassito. <span class="bld">Ācariyadhammapālattherena</span>pi nettipakaraṇaṭṭhakathāyaṃ evametassa suttaṅgasaṅgahova kathito. Keci pana niddesassa gāthāveyyākaraṇaṅgesu dvīsu saṅgahaṃ vadanti. Vuttañhetaṃ niddesaaṭṭhakathāyaṃ <span class="bld">upasenattherena</span> –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Tadetaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ suttantapiṭakaṃ abhidhammapiṭakanti tīsu piṭakesu suttantapiṭakapariyāpannaṃ, dīghanikāyo majjhimanikāyo saṃyuttanikāyo aṅguttaranikāyo khuddakanikāyoti pañcasu mahānikāyesu khuddakamahānikāye pariyāpannaṃ, suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ <a name="M1.0096"></a> gāthā udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallanti navasu satthusāsanaṅgesu yathāsambhavaṃ gāthāveyyākaraṇaṅgadvayasaṅgahita’’nti (mahāni. aṭṭha. ganthārambhakathā).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha tāva katthaci pucchāvisajjanasabhāvato niddesekadesassa veyyākaraṇaṅgasaṅgaho yujjatu nāma<a name="V1.0085"></a>, gāthaṅgasaṅgaho pana kathaṃ yujjeyyāti idamettha vīmaṃsitabbaṃ. Dhammapadādīnaṃ viya hi kevalaṃ gāthābandhabhāvo gāthaṅgassa tabbhāvanimittaṃ. Dhammapadādīsu hi kevalaṃ gāthābandhesu gāthāsamaññā patiṭṭhitā, niddese ca na koci kevalo gāthābandhappadeso upalabbhati. Sammāsambuddhena bhāsitānaṃyeva hi aṭṭhakavaggādisaṅgahitānaṃ gāthānaṃ niddesamattaṃ dhammasenāpatinā kataṃ. Atthavibhajanatthaṃ ānītāpi hi tā aṭṭhakavaggādisaṅgahitā niddisitabbā mūlagāthāyo suttanipātapariyāpannattā aññāyevāti na niddesasaṅkhyaṃ gacchanti ubhatovibhaṅgādīsu āgatabhāvepi taṃ vohāraṃ alabhamānā jātakādigāthāpariyāpannā gāthāyo viya, tasmā kāraṇantaramettha gavesitabbaṃ, yuttataraṃ vā gahetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nālakasuttatuvaṭṭakasuttānī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">nālakasuttaṃ</span> nāma padumuttarassa bhagavato sāvakaṃ moneyyapaṭipadaṃ paṭipannaṃ disvā tadatthaṃ abhikaṅkhamānena tato pabhuti kappasatasahassaṃ pāramiyo pūretvā āgatena asitassa isino bhāgineyyena nālakattherena dhammacakkappavattitadivasato sattame divase ‘‘aññātameta’’ntiādīhi dvīhi gāthāhi moneyyapaṭipadaṃ puṭṭhena bhagavatā ‘‘moneyyaṃ te upaññissa’’ntiādinā (su. ni. 706) nālakattherassa bhāsitaṃ moneyyapaṭipadāparidīpakaṃ suttaṃ. <span class="bld">Tuvaṭṭakasuttaṃ</span> pana mahāsamayasuttantadesanāya sannipatitesu devesu ‘‘kā nu kho arahattappattiyā paṭipattī’’ti uppannacittānaṃ ekaccānaṃ devatānaṃ tamatthaṃ pakāsetuṃ ‘‘pucchāmi taṃ ādiccabandhū’’tiādinā (su. ni. 921; mahāni. 150 ) nimmitabuddhena attānaṃ pucchāpetvā ‘‘mūlaṃ papañcasaṅkhāyā’’tiādinā (su. ni. 922) bhāsitaṃ suttaṃ. Evamidhasuttanipāte āgatānaṃ maṅgalasuttādīnaṃ suttaṅgasaṅgaho dassito, tattheva āgatānaṃ asuttanāmikānaṃ suddhikagāthānaṃ gāthaṅgasaṅgahañca dassayissati, evaṃ sati suttanipātaṭṭhakathārambhe –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Gāthāsatasamākiṇṇo<a name="M1.0097"></a>, geyyabyākaraṇaṅkito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kasmā suttanipātoti, saṅkhamesa gatoti ce’’ti. (su. ni. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Sakalassapi suttanipātassa geyyaveyyākaraṇaṅgasaṅgaho kasmā coditoti? Nāyaṃ virodho. Kevalañhi tattha codakena sagāthakattaṃ katthaci pucchāvisajjanamattañca gahetvā codanāmattaṃ katanti gahetabbaṃ. Aññathā suttanipāte niggāthakassa suttasseva abhāvato veyyākaraṇaṅgasaṅgaho na codetabbo siyāti. Sagāthāvaggo geyyanti yojetabbaṃ. ‘‘Aṭṭhahi aṅgehi asaṅgahitaṃ nāma paṭisambhidādī’’ti <a name="V1.0086"></a> tīsupi <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ. Keci pana paṭisambhidāmaggassa geyyaveyyākaraṇaṅgadvayasaṅgahaṃ vadanti. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">paṭisambhidāmaggaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> (paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā) ‘‘navasu satthusāsanaṅgesu yathāsambhavaṃ geyyaveyyākaraṇaṅgadvayasaṅgahita’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nosuttanāmikā</span>ti asuttanāmikā. ‘‘Suddhikagāthā nāma vatthugāthā’’ti tīsu <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">vatthugāthā</span>ti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kosalānaṃ purā rammā, agamā dakkhiṇāpathaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ākiñcaññaṃ patthayāno, brāhmaṇo mantapāragū’’ti. (su. ni. 982) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādinā pārāyanavaggassa nidānaṃ āropentena āyasmatā ānandattherena saṅgītikāle vuttā chappaññāsa ca gāthāyo, ānandatthereneva saṅgītikāle nālakasuttassa nidānaṃ āropentena vuttā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ānandajāte tidasagaṇe patīte,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sakkañca indaṃ sucivasane ca deve;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Dussaṃ gahetvā atiriva thomayante,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Asito isi addasa divāvihāre’’ti. (su. ni. 684) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādikā vīsatimattā gāthāyo ca vuccanti. Tattha ‘‘nālakasuttassa vatthugāthāyo nālakasuttasaṅkhyaṃyeva gacchantī’’ti aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">suttanipātaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> (su. ni. aṭṭha. 2.685) –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Parinibbute pana bhagavati saṅgītiṃ karontena āyasmatā mahākassapena āyasmā ānando tameva moneyyapaṭipadaṃ puṭṭho <a name="M1.0098"></a> yena yadā ca samādapito nālako bhagavantaṃ pucchi, taṃ sabbaṃ pākaṭaṃ katvā dassetukāmo ‘ānandajāte’tiādikā vīsati vatthugāthāyo vatvā abhāsi. Taṃ sabbampi nālakasuttanti vuccatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmā nālakasuttassa vatthugāthāyo nālakasuttaggahaṇeneva saṅgahitāti pārāyanikavaggassa vatthugāthāyo idha suddhikagāthāti gahetabbaṃ. Tattheva panassa pārāyaniyavagge ajitamāṇavakādīnaṃ soḷasannaṃ <a name="V1.0087"></a> brāhmaṇānaṃ pucchāgāthā bhagavato visajjanagāthā ca idha suddhikagāthāti evampi vattuṃ yujjati. Tāpi hi pāḷiyaṃ suttanāmena avatvā ‘‘ajitamāṇavakapucchā tissamettayyamāṇavakapucchā’’tiādinā (su. ni. 1038-1048) āgatattā cuṇṇiyaganthehi amissattā ca nosuttanāmikā suddhikagāthā nāmāti vattuṃ vaṭṭati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni udānaṃ sarūpato vavatthapento āha <span class="bld">‘‘somanassañāṇamayikagāthāpaṭisaṃyuttā’’</span>tiādi. Kenaṭṭhena (udā. aṭṭha. ganthārambhakathā) panetaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘udāna’’</span>nti vuccati? Udānanaṭṭhena. Kimidaṃ udānaṃ nāma? Pītivegasamuṭṭhāpito udāhāro. Yathā hi yaṃ telādi minitabbavatthu mānaṃ gahetuṃ na sakkoti, vissanditvā gacchati, taṃ ‘‘avaseko’’ti vuccati, yañca jalaṃ taḷākaṃ gahetuṃ na sakkoti, ajjhottharitvā gacchati, taṃ ‘‘mahogho’’ti vuccati, evameva yaṃ pītivegasamuṭṭhāpitaṃ vitakkavipphāraṃ hadayaṃ sandhāretuṃ na sakkoti, so adhiko hutvā anto asaṇṭhahitvā bahi vacīdvārena nikkhanto paṭiggāhakanirapekkho udāhāraviseso <span class="bld">‘‘udāna’’</span>nti vuccati. Dhammasaṃvegavasenapi ayamākāro labbhateva. Tayidaṃ katthaci gāthābandhavasena katthaci vākyavasena pavattaṃ. Tathā hi –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā bhikkhū nibbānapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti. Tedha bhikkhū aṭṭhiṃ katvā manasi katvā sabbaṃ cetasā samannāharitvā ohitasotā dhammaṃ suṇanti. Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi <a name="M1.0099"></a> ‘atthi, bhikkhave, tadāyatanaṃ, yattha neva pathavī na āpo’’’ti (udā. 71-72) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādīsu somanassañāṇasamuṭṭhitavākyavasena pavattaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca udānaṃ nāma pītisomanassasamuṭṭhāpito dhammasaṃvegasamuṭṭhāpito vā dhammapaṭiggāhakanirapekkho udāhāro tathā ceva sabbattha āgataṃ, idha kasmā bhagavā udānento bhikkhū āmantesīti? Tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ saññāpanatthaṃ. Nibbānapaṭisaṃyuttañhi bhagavā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhammaṃ desetvā nibbānaguṇānussaraṇena uppannapītisomanassena udānaṃ udānento ‘‘idha nibbānavajjo sabbo sabhāvadhammo paccayāyattavuttikova upalabbhati, na paccayanirapekkho, ayaṃ pana nibbānadhammo kathamappaccayo upalabbhatī’’ti tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ cetoparivitakkamaññāya tesaṃ <a name="V1.0088"></a> ñāpetukāmo ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, tadāyatana’’nti (udā. 71)-ādimāha. Na ekantato te paṭiggāhake katvāti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sace bhāyatha dukkhassa, sace vo dukkhamappiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mākattha pāpakaṃ kammaṃ, āvi vā yadi vā raho’’ti. (udā. 44) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādikaṃ pana dhammasaṃvegavasappavattaṃ udānanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sukhakāmāni bhūtāni, yo daṇḍena vihiṃsati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Attano sukhamesāno, pecca so na labhate sukha’’nti. (dha. pa. 131; udā. 13) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Idampi dhammasaṃvegavasappavattaṃ udānanti vadanti. Tathā hi ekasmiṃ samaye sambahulā gopālakā antarā ca sāvatthiṃ antarā ca jetavanaṃ ahiṃ daṇḍehi hananti. Tena ca samayena bhagavā sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya gacchanto antarāmagge te dārake ahiṃ daṇḍena hanante disvā ‘‘kasmā kumārakā imaṃ ahiṃ daṇḍena hanathā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘ḍaṃsanabhayena bhante’’ti ca vutte ‘‘ime ‘attano sukhaṃ karissāmā’ti imaṃ paharantā nibbattaṭṭhāne dukkhaṃ anubhavissanti, aho avijjāya nikatikosalla’’nti dhammasaṃvegaṃ uppādesi. Teneva ca dhammasaṃvegena imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi. Evametaṃ katthaci gāthābandhavasena katthaci vākyavasena katthaci somanassavasena katthaci dhammasaṃvegavasena <a name="M1.0100"></a> pavattanti veditabbaṃ. Tasmā aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘somanassañāṇamayikagāthāpaṭisaṃyuttānī’’ti yaṃ udānalakkhaṇaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ yebhuyyavasena vuttanti gahetabbaṃ. Yebhuyyena hi udānaṃ gāthābandhavasena bhāsitaṃ pītisomanassasamuṭṭhāpitañca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tayidaṃ sabbaññubuddhabhāsitaṃ paccekabuddhabhāsitaṃ sāvakabhāsitanti tividhaṃ hoti. Tattha paccekabuddhabhāsitaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbesu bhūtesu nidhāya daṇḍaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Aviheṭhayaṃ aññatarampi tesa’’nti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādinā <span class="bld">khaggavisāṇasutte</span> (su. ni. 35) āgatameva. Sāvakabhāsitānipi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbo rāgo <a name="V1.0089"></a> pahīno me, sabbo doso samūhato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sabbo me vihato moho, sītibhūtosmi nibbuto’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādinā <span class="bld">theragāthāsu</span> (theragā. 79),</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kāyena saṃvutā āsiṃ, vācāya uda cetasā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samūlaṃ taṇhamabbhuyha, sītibhūtāmhi nibbutā’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented"><span class="bld">Therigāthāsu</span> (therīgā. 15) ca āgatāni. Aññānipi sakkādīhi devehi bhāsitāni ‘‘aho dānaṃ paramadānaṃ kassape supatiṭṭhita’’ntiādīni (udā. 27), soṇadaṇḍabrāhmaṇādīhi manussehi ca bhāsitāni ‘‘namo tassa bhagavato’’tiādīni (dī. ni. 2.371; ma. ni. 1.290) tisso saṅgītiyo āruḷhāni udānāni santi eva, na tāni idha adhippetāni. Yāni pana sammāsambuddhena sāmaṃ āhaccabhāsitāni jinavacanabhūtāni, tāneva ca dhammasaṅgāhakehi ‘‘udāna’’nti saṅgītaṃ. Etāniyeva ca sandhāya bhagavato pariyattidhammaṃ navavidhā vibhajitvā uddisantena udānanti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā pana ‘‘anekajātisaṃsāra’’ntiādigāthā bhagavatā bodhiyā mūle udānavasena pavattitā anekasatasahassānaṃ sammāsambuddhānaṃ udānabhūtā ca, tā aparabhāge dhammabhaṇḍāgārikassa bhagavatā desitattā <a name="M1.0101"></a> dhammasaṅgāhakehi udānapāḷiyaṃ saṅgahaṃ anāropetvā dhammapade saṅgahitā. Yañca ‘‘aññāsi vata bho koṇḍañño’’ti udānavacanaṃ dasasahassilokadhātuyā devamanussānaṃ pavedanasamatthanigghosavipphāraṃ bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ, tadapi paṭhamabodhiyaṃ sabbesaṃ eva bhikkhūnaṃ sammāpaṭipattipaccavekkhaṇahetukaṃ ‘‘ārādhayiṃsu vata maṃ bhikkhū ekaṃ samaya’’ntiādivacanaṃ (ma. ni. 1.225) viya dhammacakkappavattanasuttadesanāpariyosāne attanā adhigatadhammekadesassa yathādesitassa ariyamaggassa sāvakesu sabbapaṭhamaṃ therena adhigatattā attano parissamassa saphalabhāvapaccavekkhaṇahetukaṃ pītisomanassajanitaṃ udāhāramattāṃ, na ‘‘yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā’’tiādivacanaṃ (mahāva. 1-3; udā. 1-3) viya pavattiyā nivattiyā vā pakāsananti na dhammasaṅgāhakehi udānapāḷiyaṃ saṅgītanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Udānapāḷiyañca bodhivaggādīsu aṭṭhasu vaggesu dasa dasa katvā asītiyeva suttantā saṅgītā<a name="V1.0090"></a>, tatoyeva ca <span class="bld">udānaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> (udā. aṭṭha. ganthārambhakathā) <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Asīti eva suttantā, vaggā aṭṭha samāsato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Gāthā ca pañcanavuti, udānassa pakāsitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Aḍḍhūnanavamattā ca, bhāṇavārā pamāṇato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ekādhikā tathāsīti, udānassānusandhayo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ekavīsasahassāni, satameva vicakkhaṇo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Padānetānudānassa, gaṇitāni viniddise. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Gāthāpādato pana –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Aṭṭhasahassamattāni, cattāreva satāni ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Padānetānudānassa, tevīsati ca niddise.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Akkharānaṃ sahassāni, saṭṭhi satta satāni ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tīṇi dvāsīti ca tathā, udānassa paveditā’’ti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Idha pana ‘‘dvāsīti suttantā’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ na sameti, tasmā ‘‘asīti suttantā’’ti pāṭhena bhavitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vuttañhetaṃ <a name="M1.0102"></a> bhagavatā – ‘‘vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ. Ekadhammaṃ, bhikkhave, pajahatha, ahaṃ vo pāṭibhogo anāgāmitāya. Katamaṃ ekadhammaṃ? Lobhaṃ, bhikkhave, ekadhammaṃ pajahatha, ahaṃ vo pāṭibhogo anāgāmitāyā’’ti evamādinā ekakadukatikacatukkavasena itivuttakapāḷiyaṃ (itivu. 1) saṅgahamāropitāni dvādasuttarasatasuttantāni <span class="bld">itivuttakaṃ</span> nāmāti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘vuttañheta’’</span>ntiādi. <span class="bld">Dasuttarasatasuttantā</span>ti etthāpi ‘‘dvādasuttarasatasuttantā’’ti pāṭhena bhavitabbaṃ. Tathā hi ekakanipāte tāva sattavīsati suttāni, dukanipāte dvāvīsati, tikanipāte <a name="V1.0091"></a> paññāsa, catukkanipāte terasāti dvādasuttarasatasuttantāneva itivuttakapāḷiyaṃ āgatāni. Tatoyeva ca pāḷiyaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Lobho doso ca moho ca,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Kodho makkhena pañcamaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Māno sabbaṃ puna māno,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Lobho dosena terasa.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Moho kodho puna makkho,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Nīvaraṇā taṇhāya pañcamaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Dve sekkhabhedā sāmaggī,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paduṭṭhanirayena terasa.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pasannā ekamābhāyi, puggalaṃ atītena pañcamaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evañce opadhikaṃ puññaṃ, sattavīsa pakāsitā’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādinā uddānagāthāhi dvādasuttarasatasuttāni gaṇetvā dassitāni. Teneva ca <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāya</span>mpi (itivu. aṭṭha. ganthārambhakathā) –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Suttato ekakanipāte tāva sattavīsati suttāni, dukanipāte dvāvīsati, tikanipāte paññāsa, catukkanipāte terasāti dvādasādhikasatasuttasaṅgaha’’nti –</p>
<p class="unindented">Vuttaṃ. Kāmañcettha appakaṃ ūnamadhikaṃ vā gaṇanūpagaṃ na hotīti katvā ‘‘dvāsīti khandhakavattānī’’ti vattabbe ‘‘asīti khandhakavattānī’’ti vuttavacanaṃ viya ‘‘dvādasuttarasatasuttantā’’ti vattabbe ‘‘dasuttarasatasuttantā’’ti vuttantipi sakkā <a name="M1.0103"></a> vattuṃ, tathāpi īdise ṭhāne pamāṇaṃ dassentena yāthāvatova niyametvā dassetabbanti ‘‘dvādasuttarasatasuttantā’’ icceva pāṭhena bhavitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Jātaṃ bhūtaṃ purāvutthaṃ bhagavato pubbacaritaṃ kāyati katheti pakāsetīti <span class="bld">jātakaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Cattārome<a name="V1.0092"></a>, bhikkhave, acchariyā abbhutā dhammā ānande. Katame cattāro? Sace, bhikkhave, bhikkhuparisā ānandaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamati, dassanenapi sā attamanā hoti. Tattha ce ānando dhammaṃ bhāsati, bhāsitenapi sā attamanā hoti, atittāva, bhikkhave, bhikkhuparisā hoti, atha ānando tuṇhī bhavati. Sace bhikkhunīparisā…pe… upāsakaparisā…pe… upāsikā parisā ānandaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamati, dassanenapi sā attamanā hoti. Tattha ce ānando dhammaṃ bhāsati, bhāsitenapi sā attamanā hoti, atittāva, bhikkhave, upāsikāparisā hoti, atha ānando tuṇhī bhavati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro acchariyā abbhutā dhammā ānande’’ti (a. ni. 4.129) evamādinayappavattā sabbepi acchariyaabbhutadhammapaṭisaṃyuttā suttantā <span class="bld">abbhutadhammaṃ</span> nāmāti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘cattārome, bhikkhave’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cūḷavedallā</span>dīsu (ma. ni. 1.460 ādayo) visākhena nāma upāsakena puṭṭhāya dhammadinnāya nāma bhikkhuniyā bhāsitaṃ suttaṃ <span class="bld">cūḷavedalla</span>nti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Mahāvedallaṃ</span> (ma. ni. 1.449 ādayo) pana mahākoṭṭhikattherena pucchitena āyasmatā sāriputtattherena bhāsitaṃ. <span class="bld">Sammādiṭṭhisutta</span>mpi (ma. ni. 1.89 ādayo) bhikkhūhi puṭṭhena tenevāyasmatā sāriputtattherena bhāsitaṃ. Etāni majjhimanikāyapariyāpannāni. <span class="bld">Sakkapañhaṃ</span> (dī. ni. 2.344 ādayo) pana sakkena puṭṭho bhagavā abhāsi, tañca dīghanikāyapariyāpannanti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Mahāpuṇṇamasutta</span>mpi (ma. ni. 3.85 ādayo) tadahuposathe pannarase puṇṇamāya rattiyā aññatarena bhikkhunā puṭṭhena bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ, taṃ pana majjhimanikāyapariyāpannanti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Veda</span>nti ñāṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Tuṭṭhi</span>nti yathābhāsitadhammadesanaṃ viditvā ‘‘sādhu ayye, sādhāvuso’’tiādinā abbhanumodanavasappavattaṃ pītisomanassaṃ. <span class="bld">Laddhā laddhā</span>ti labhitvā labhitvā, punappunaṃ labhitvāti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M1.0104"></a> aṅgavasena sakalampi buddhavacanaṃ vibhajitvā idāni dhammakkhandhavasena vibhajitvā kathetukāmo āha <span class="bld">‘‘kathaṃ dhammakkhandhavasenā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">dhammakkhandhavasenā</span>ti dhammarāsivasena. Dvāsīti sahassāni buddhato gaṇhiṃ, dve sahassāni bhikkhuto gaṇhinti sambandho. Tattha <span class="bld">buddhato gaṇhi</span>nti sammāsambuddhato uggaṇhiṃ, dvesahassādhikāni asīti dhammakkhandhasahassāni satthu santikā adhigaṇhinti attho. <span class="bld">Dve sahassāni bhikkhuto</span>ti dve dhammakkhandhasahassāni bhikkhuto uggaṇhiṃ, dhammasenāpatiādīnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santikā adhigaṇhiṃ. Sāriputtattherādīhi bhāsitānaṃ sammādiṭṭhisuttantādīnaṃ vasena hi ‘‘dve sahassāni bhikkhuto’’ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Caturāsīti sahassānī</span>ti <a name="V1.0093"></a> tadubhayaṃ samodhānetvā catusahassādhikāni asīti sahassāni. <span class="bld">Ye me dhammā pavattino</span>ti ye dhammā mama pavattino pavattamānā paguṇā vācuggatā jivhagge parivattanti, te dhammā caturāsīti dhammakkhandhasahassānīti vuttaṃ hoti. Keci pana ‘‘ye ime’’ti padacchedaṃ katvā ‘‘ye ime dhammā buddhassa bhagavato bhikkhūnañca pavattino, tehi pavattitā, tesvāhaṃ dvāsīti sahassāni buddhato gaṇhiṃ, dve sahassāni bhikkhutoti evaṃ caturāsīti dhammakkhandhasahassānī’’ti evamettha sambandhaṃ vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca <span class="bld">subhasuttaṃ</span> (dī. ni. 1.444 ādayo) <span class="bld">gopakamoggallānasutta</span>ñca (ma. ni. 3.79 ādayo) parinibbute bhagavati ānandattherena vuttattā caturāsītidhammakkhandhasahassesu antogadhaṃ hoti, na hotīti? Tattha <span class="bld">paṭisambhidāgaṇṭhipade</span> tāva idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘sayaṃ vuttadhammakkhandhānaṃ bhikkhuto gahiteyeva saṅgahetvā evamāhāti daṭṭhabba’’nti. Bhagavatā pana dinnanaye ṭhatvā bhāsitattā sayaṃ vuttadhammakkhandhānampi ‘‘buddhato gaṇhi’’nti ettha saṅgahaṃ katvā vuttanti evamettha vattuṃ yuttataraṃ viya dissati. Bhagavatāyeva hi dinnanaye ṭhatvā sāvakā dhammaṃ desenti. Teneva hi tatiyasaṅgītiyañca moggaliputtatissattherena bhāsitampi kathāvatthuppakaraṇaṃ buddhabhāsitaṃ nāma jātaṃ, tatoyeva ca attanā bhāsitampi subhasuttādi saṅgītiṃ āropentena āyasmatā ānandattherena ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’nti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Evaṃ paridīpitadhammakkhandhavasenā</span>ti gopakamoggallānena brāhmaṇena ‘‘tvaṃ bahussutoti buddhasāsane pākaṭo, kittakā dhammā te satthārā bhāsitā, tayā dhāritā’’ti pucchite tassa paṭivacanaṃ dentena āyasmatā <a name="M1.0105"></a> ānandattherena evaṃ ‘‘dvāsīti buddhato gaṇhi’’ntiādinā paridīpitadhammakkhandhānaṃ vasena. <span class="bld">Ekānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ</span> satipaṭṭhānādi. Satipaṭṭhānasuttañhi ‘‘ekāyano ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 2.373) cattāro satipaṭṭhāne ārabhitvā tesaṃyeva vibhāgadassanavasena pavattattā ‘‘ekānusandhika’’nti vuccati. <span class="bld">Anekānusandhika</span>nti nānānusandhikaṃ parinibbānasuttādi. Parinibbānasuttañhi nānāṭhānesu nānādhammadesanānaṃ vasena pavattattā ‘‘anekānusandhika’’nti vuccati. <span class="bld">Gāthābandhesu pañhapucchana</span>nti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kati chinde kati jahe, kati cuttari bhāvaye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kati saṅgātigo bhikkhu, ‘oghatiṇṇo’ti vuccatī’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.5) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādinayappavattaṃ <a name="V1.0094"></a> pañhapucchanaṃ eko dhammakkhandhoti attho.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pañca chinde pañca jahe, pañca cuttari bhāvaye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pañca saṅgātigo bhikkhu, ‘oghatiṇṇo’ti vuccatī’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.5) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādinayappavattaṃ visajjananti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Tikadukabhājanaṃ</span> nikkhepakaṇḍaaṭṭhakathākaṇḍavasena veditabbaṃ. Tasmā ‘‘kusalā dhammā, akusalā dhammā, abyākatā dhammā, sukhāya vedanāya sampayuttā dhammā, dukkhāya vedanāya sampayuttā dhammā, adukkhamasukhāya vedanāya sampayuttā dhammā’’ti evamādīsu tikesu kusalattikassa vibhajanavasena yaṃ vuttaṃ nikkhepakaṇḍe (dha. sa. 985-987) –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Katame dhammā kusalā? Tīṇi kusalamūlāni alobho adoso amoho, taṃsampayutto vedanākkhandho saññākkhandho saṅkhārakkhandho viññāṇakkhandho, taṃsamuṭṭhānaṃ kāyakammaṃ vacīkammaṃ manokammaṃ. Ime dhammā kusalā.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Katame dhammā akusalā? Tīṇi akusalamūlāni lobho doso moho, tadekaṭṭhā ca kilesā, taṃsampayutto vedanākkhandho…pe… manokammaṃ. Ime dhammā akusalā.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Katame dhammā abyākatā? Kusalākusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ vipākā kāmāvacarā rūpāvacarā arūpāvacarā apariyāpannā vedanākkhandho <a name="M1.0106"></a> …pe… viññāṇakkhandho, ye ca dhammā kiriyā neva kusalā nākusalā na ca kammavipākā sabbañca rūpaṃ asaṅkhatā ca dhātu. Ime dhammā abyākatā’’ti –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ayameko dhammakkhandho. Evaṃ sesattikānampi ekekassa tikassa vibhajanaṃ ekeko dhammakkhandhoti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā ‘‘hetū dhammā’’ti evamādikesu dukesu ekekassa dukassa vibhajanavasena yaṃ vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Katame <a name="V1.0095"></a> dhammā hetū? Tayo kusalā hetū, tayo akusalā hetū, tayo abyākatā hetū’’ti (dha. sa. 1059) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādi, tatthāpi ekekassa dukassa vibhajanaṃ ekeko dhammakkhandho. Puna aṭṭhakathākaṇḍe (dha. sa. 1384-1386) –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Katame dhammā kusalā? Catūsu bhūmīsu kusalaṃ. Ime dhammā kusalā. Katame dhammā akusalā? Dvādasa akusalacittuppādā. Ime dhammā akusalā. Katame dhammā abyākatā? Catūsu bhūmīsu vipāko tīsu bhūmīsu kiriyābyākataṃ rūpañca nibbānañca. Ime dhammā abyākatā’’ti –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādinā kusalattikādivibhajanavasena pavattesu tikabhājanesu ekekassa tikassa bhājanaṃ ekeko dhammakkhandho. Tathā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Katame dhammā hetū? Tayo kusalā hetū, tayo akusalā hetū, tayo abyākatā hetū’’ti (dha. sa. 1441) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādinayappavattesu dukabhājanesu ekamekaṃ dukabhājanaṃ ekeko dhammakkhandhoti evamettha tikadukabhājanavasena dhammakkhandhavibhāgo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ekamekañca cittavārabhājana</span>nti ettha pana –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti somanassasahagataṃ ñāṇasampayuttaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ vā…pe… tasmiṃ samaye phasso hoti…pe… avikkhepo hotī’’ti (dha. sa. 1) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādinayappavatte <a name="M1.0107"></a> cittuppādakaṇḍe ekamekaṃ cittavārabhājanaṃ ekeko dhammakkhandhoti gahetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Eko dhammakkhandho</span>ti ettha ‘‘ekekatikadukabhājanaṃ ekamekaṃ cittavārabhājana’’nti vuttattā ekeko dhammakkhandhoti attho veditabbo. ‘‘Ekeko’’ti avuttepi hi ayamattho atthato viññāyamānova hotīti ‘‘eko dhammakkhandho’’ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Atthi vatthū</span>tiādīsu <span class="bld">vatthu</span> nāma sudinnakaṇḍādi<a name="V1.0096"></a>. <span class="bld">Mātikā</span>ti ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno’’tiādinā (pārā. 44) tasmiṃ tasmiṃ ajjhācāre paññattasikkhāpadaṃ. <span class="bld">Padabhājanīya</span>nti tassa tassa sikkhāpadassa ‘‘yo panāti yo yādiso’’tiādinayappavattaṃ (pārā. 45) vibhajanaṃ. <span class="bld">Antarāpattī</span>ti ‘‘paṭilātaṃ ukkhipati, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti (pāci. 355) evamādinā sikkhāpadantaresu paññattā āpatti. <span class="bld">Anāpattī</span>ti ‘‘anāpatti ajānantassa asādiyantassa ummattakassa khittacittassa vedanāṭṭassa ādikammikassā’’tiādinayappavatto <span class="bld">kacchedo</span>ti ‘‘dasāhātikkante atikkantasaññī nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ, dasāhātikkante vematiko nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ, dasāhātikkante anatikkantasaññī nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti (pārā. 468) evamādinayappavatto tikapācittiyatikadukkaṭādibhedo tikaparicchedo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">evametaṃ abhedato rasavasena ekavidha</span>ntiādinā ‘‘ayaṃ dhammo, ayaṃ vinayo…pe… imāni caturāsīti dhammakkhandhasahassānī’’ti buddhavacanaṃ dhammavinayādibhedena vavatthapetvā saṅgāyantena mahākassapapamukhena vasīgaṇena anekacchariyapātubhāvapaṭimaṇḍitāya saṅgītiyā imassa piṭakassa vinayabhāvo majjhimabuddhavacanādibhāvo ca vavatthāpitoti dasseti. Na kevalaṃ imamevimassa yathāvuttappabhedaṃ vavatthapetvā saṅgītaṃ, atha kho aññampīti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘na kevalañca imamevā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">uddānasaṅgaho</span> paṭhamapārājikādīsu āgatānaṃ vinītavatthuādīnaṃ saṅkhepato saṅgahadassanavasena dhammasaṅgāhakehi kathitā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Makkaṭī vajjiputtā ca, gihī naggo ca titthiyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dārikuppalavaṇṇā ca, byañjanehipare duve’’ti. (pārā. 66) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādikā <a name="M1.0108"></a> gāthāyo. Sīlakkhandhavaggamūlapariyāyavaggādivasena saṅgaho <span class="bld">vaggasaṅgaho</span>. Uttarimanussadhammapeyyālanīlacakkapeyyālādivavatthāpanavasena <span class="bld">peyyālasaṅgaho</span>. Aṅguttaranikāyādīsu <span class="bld">ekakanipātādisaṅgaho</span>. Saṃyuttanikāye devatāsaṃyuttādivasena <span class="bld">saṃyuttasaṅgaho</span>. Majjhimanikāyādīsu mūlapaṇṇāsakādivasena <span class="bld">paṇṇāsakasaṅgaho</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Assa buddhavacanassa saṅgītipariyosāne sādhukāraṃ dadamānā viyāti sambandho. <span class="bld">Saṅkampī</span>ti uddhaṃ uddhaṃ gacchantī suṭṭhu kampi. <span class="bld">Sampakampī</span>ti uddhaṃ adho ca gacchantī sampakampi. <span class="bld">Sampavedhī</span>ti catūsu disāsu gacchantī suṭṭhu pavedhi. Accharaṃ paharituṃ yuttāni <span class="bld">acchariyāni,</span> pupphavassacelukkhepādīni<a name="V1.0097"></a>. Yā paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti dhammasaṅgāhakehi mahākassapādīhi pañcahi satehi yena katā saṅgītā, tena pañcasatāni etissā atthīti <span class="bld">‘‘pañcasatā’’</span>ti ca, thereheva katattā therā mahākassapādayo etissā atthīti <span class="bld">‘‘therikā’’</span>ti ca loke vuccati, ayaṃ paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti nāmāti sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ paṭhamamahāsaṅgītiṃ dassetvā yadatthaṃ sā idha nidassitā, taṃ nigamanavasena dassento <span class="bld">‘‘imissā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Āyasmatā upālittherena vutta</span>nti ‘‘tena samayenā’’tiādi vakkhamānaṃ sabbaṃ nidānavacanaṃ vuttaṃ. Kimatthaṃ panettha dhammavinayasaṅgahe kathiyamāne nidānavacanaṃ vuttaṃ, nanu ca bhagavatā bhāsitavacanasseva saṅgaho kātabboti? Vuccate – desanāya ṭhitiasammosasaddhaeyyabhāvasampādanatthaṃ. Kāladesadesakaparisāpadesehi upanibandhitvā ṭhapitā hi desanā ciraṭṭhitikā hoti asammosadhammā saddheyyā ca, desakālakattuhetunimittehi upanibandho viya vohāravinicchayo. Teneva ca āyasmatā mahākassapena ‘‘paṭhamapārājikaṃ āvuso, upāli, kattha paññatta’’ntiādinā desādipucchāsu katāsu tāsaṃ visajjanaṃ karontena āyasmatā upālittherena ‘‘tena samayenā’’tiādinā paṭhamapārājikassa nidānaṃ bhāsitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica sāsanasampattipakāsanatthaṃ nidānavacanaṃ. Ñāṇakaruṇāpariggahitasabbakiriyassa hi bhagavato natthi niratthakā paṭipatti attahitatthā vā, tasmā <a name="M1.0109"></a> paresaṃyevatthāya pavattasabbakiriyassa sammāsambuddhassa sakalampi kāyavacīmanokammaṃ yathāpavattaṃ vuccamānaṃ diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi yathārahaṃ sattānaṃ anusāsanaṭṭhena sāsanaṃ, na kabbaracanā. Tayidaṃ satthuracitaṃ kāladesadesakaparisāpadesehi saddhiṃ tattha tattha nidānavacanehi yathārahaṃ pakāsīyati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica satthuno pamāṇabhāvappakāsanena sāsanassa pamāṇabhāvadassanatthaṃ nidānavacanaṃ, tañcassa pamāṇabhāvadassanaṃ ‘‘buddho bhagavā’’ti iminā padadvayena vibhāvitanti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Buddho</span>ti hi iminā tathāgatassa anaññasādhāraṇasuparisuddhañāṇādiguṇavisesayogaparidīpanena, <span class="bld">bhagavā</span>ti ca iminā rāgadosamohādisabbakilesamaladuccaritādidosappahānadīpanena, tato eva ca sabbasattuttamabhāvadīpanena ayamattho sabbathā pakāsito hotīti idamettha nidānavacanappayojanassa mukhamattanidassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tatrāyaṃ ācariyaparamparā</span>ti tasmiṃ jambudīpe ayaṃ ācariyānaṃ paramparā paveṇī paṭipāṭi. <span class="bld">Upāli dāsako</span>tiādīsu <span class="bld">upālitthero</span> pākaṭoyeva, <span class="bld">dāsakattherā</span>dayo pana evaṃ veditabbā<a name="V1.0098"></a>. Vesāliyaṃ kira eko dāsako nāma brāhmaṇamāṇavo tiṇṇaṃ antevāsikasatānaṃ jeṭṭhantevāsiko hutvā ācariyassa santike sippaṃ uggaṇhanto dvādasavassikoyeva tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū ahosi. So ekadivasaṃ antevāsikaparivuto dhammavinayaṃ saṅgāyitvā vālikārāme nivasantaṃ āyasmantaṃ upālittheraṃ upasaṅkamitvā attano vedesu sabbāni gaṇṭhiṭṭhānāni theraṃ pucchi. Theropi sabbaṃ byākaritvā sayampi ekaṃ pañhaṃ pucchanto nāmaṃ sandhāya imaṃ pañhaṃ pucchi ‘‘ekadhammo kho, māṇava, sabbesu dhammesu anupatati, sabbepi, māṇava, dhammā ekadhammasmiṃ osaranti, katamo nu kho so, māṇavaka, dhammo’’ti. Sopi kho māṇavo pañhassa atthaṃ ajānanto ‘‘kimidaṃ bho pabbajitā’’ti āha. Buddhamantoyaṃ māṇavāti. Sakkā panāyaṃ bho mayhampi dātunti. Sakkā, māṇava, amhehi gahitapabbajjaṃ gaṇhantassa dātunti. ‘‘Sādhu kho bho pabbajitā’’ti māṇavo sampaṭicchitvā attano mātaraṃ pitaraṃ ācariyañca anujānāpetvā tīhi antevāsikasatehi saddhiṃ therassa santike pabbajitvā paripuṇṇavīsativasso upasampadaṃ <a name="M1.0110"></a> labhitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Thero taṃ dhuraṃ katvā khīṇāsavasahassassa piṭakattayaṃ vācesi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Soṇako</span> pana dāsakattherassa saddhivihāriko. So kira kāsīsu ekassa vāṇijakassa putto hutvā pañcadasavassuddesiko ekaṃ samayaṃ mātāpitūhi saddhiṃ vāṇijjāya giribbajaṃ gato. Tato pañcapaññāsadārakehi saddhiṃ veḷuvanaṃ gantvā tattha dāsakattheraṃ saparisaṃ disvā ativiya pasanno pabbajjaṃ yācitvā therena mātāpitaro anujānāpetvā ‘‘pabbajāhī’’ti vutto mātāpitusantikaṃ gantvā tamatthaṃ ārocetvā tesu anicchantesu chinnabhatto hutvā mātāpitaro anujānāpetvā pañcapaññāsāya dārakehi saddhiṃ therassa santike pabbajitvā laddhūpasampado arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Taṃ thero sakalaṃ buddhavacanaṃ uggaṇhāpesi. Sopi gaṇapāmokkho hutvā bahūnaṃ dhammavinayaṃ vācesi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Siggavatthero</span> pana soṇakattherassa saddhivihāriko ahosi. So kira pāṭaliputte siggavo nāma amaccaputto hutvā tiṇṇaṃ utūnaṃ anucchavikesu tīsu pāsādesu sampattiṃ anubhavamāno ekadivasaṃ attano sahāyena caṇḍavajjinā seṭṭhiputtena saddhiṃ saparivāro kukkuṭārāmaṃ gantvā tattha soṇakattheraṃ nirodhasamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā nisinnaṃ disvā vanditvā attanā saddhiṃ anālapantaṃ ñatvā gantvā taṃ kāraṇaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ pucchitvā bhikkhūhi ‘‘samāpattiṃ samāpannā nālapantī’’ti vutto ‘‘kathaṃ, bhante, samāpattito vuṭṭhahantī’’ti puna pucchitvā tehi ca bhikkhūhi ‘‘satthuno ceva saṅghassa ca pakkosanāya yathāparicchinnakālato āyusaṅkhayā <a name="V1.0099"></a> ca vuṭṭhahantī’’ti vatvā tassa saparivārassa upanissayaṃ disvā saṅghassa vacanena nirodhā vuṭṭhāpitaṃ soṇakattheraṃ disvā ‘‘kasmā, bhante, mayā saddhiṃ nālapitthā’’ti pucchitvā therena ‘‘bhuñjitabbakaṃ kumāra bhuñjimhā’’ti vutte ‘‘sakkā nu kho, bhante, amhehipi taṃ bhojetu’’nti pucchitvā ‘‘sakkā, kumāra, amhādise katvā bhojetu’’nti vutte tamatthaṃ mātāpitūnaṃ ārocetvā tehi anuññāto attano sahāyena caṇḍavajjinā tehi ca pañcahi purisasatehi saddhiṃ soṇakattherassa santike pabbajitvā upasampanno ahosi. Tattha siggavo ca caṇḍavajjī ca dve <a name="M1.0111"></a> upajjhāyasseva santike dhammavinayaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā aparabhāge chaḷabhiññā ahesuṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tissassa</span> pana <span class="bld">moggaliputtassa</span> anupubbakathā parato āvi bhavissati. <span class="bld">Vijitāvino</span>ti vijitasabbakilesapaṭipakkhattā vijitavanto. <span class="bld">Paramparāyā</span>ti paṭipāṭiyā, anukkamenāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Jambusirivhaye</span>ti jambusadisanāme, jambunāmaketi vuttaṃ hoti. Mahantena hi jamburukkhena abhilakkhitattā dīpopi ‘‘jambū’’ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Acchijjamānaṃ</span> avinassamānaṃ katvā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vinayavaṃsa</span>ntiādīhi tīhi vinayapāḷiyeva kathitā pariyāyavacanattā. <span class="bld">Pakataññuta</span>nti veyyattiyaṃ, paṭubhāvanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Dhuraggāho ahosī</span>ti padhānaggāhī ahosi, sabbesaṃ pāmokkho hutvā gaṇhīti vuttaṃ hoti. Bhikkhūnaṃ samudāyo samūho <span class="bld">bhikkhusamudāyo,</span> samaṇagaṇoti attho.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti samantapāsādikāya vinayaṭṭhakathāya sāratthadīpaniyaṃ</p>
<p class="centered">Paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā samattā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dutiyasaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Yadā nibbāyiṃsū’’ti sambandho. <span class="bld">Jotayitvā ca sabbadhī</span>ti tameva saddhammaṃ sabbattha pakāsayitvā. ‘‘Jutimanto’’ti vattabbe gāthābandhavasena <span class="bld">‘‘jutīmanto’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, paññājotisampannāti attho, tejavantoti vā, mahānubhāvāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Nibbāyiṃsū</span>ti anupādisesāya <a name="V1.0100"></a> nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyiṃsu. Pahīnasabbakilesattā natthi etesaṃ katthaci ālayo taṇhāti <span class="bld">anālayā,</span> vītarāgāti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vassasataparinibbute bhagavatī</span>ti vassasataṃ parinibbutassa assāti vassasataparinibbuto, bhagavā, tasmiṃ parinibbānato vassasate atikkanteti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Vesālikā</span>ti vesālīnivāsino. <span class="bld">Vajjiputtakā</span>ti vajjiraṭṭhe vesāliyaṃ kulānaṃ puttā. <span class="bld">Kappati siṅgīloṇakappo</span>ti siṅgena loṇaṃ pariharitvā pariharitvā aloṇakapiṇḍapātena saddhiṃ bhuñjituṃ kappati, na sannidhiṃ karotīti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Kappati dvaṅgulakappo</span>ti dvaṅgulaṃ <a name="M1.0112"></a> atikkantāya chāyāya vikāle bhojanaṃ bhuñjituṃ kappatīti attho. <span class="bld">Kappati gāmantarakappo</span>ti ‘‘gāmantaraṃ gamissāmī’’ti pavāritena anatirittabhojanaṃ bhuñjituṃ kappatīti attho. <span class="bld">Kappati āvāsakappo</span>ti ekasīmāyaṃ nānāsenāsanesu visuṃ visuṃ uposathādīni saṅghakammāni kātuṃ vaṭṭatīti attho. <span class="bld">Kappati anumatikappo</span>ti ‘‘anāgatānaṃ āgatakāle anumatiṃ gahessāmī’’ti tesu anāgatesuyeva vaggena saṅghena kammaṃ katvā pacchā anumatiṃ gahetuṃ kappati, vaggakammaṃ na hotīti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Kappati āciṇṇakappo</span>ti ācariyupajjhāyehi āciṇṇo kappatīti attho. So pana ekacco kappati dhammiko, ekacco na kappati adhammikoti veditabbo. <span class="bld">Kappati amathitakappo</span>ti yaṃ khīraṃ khīrabhāvaṃ vijahitaṃ dadhibhāvaṃ asampattaṃ, taṃ bhuttāvinā pavāritena anatirittaṃ bhuñjituṃ kappatīti attho. <span class="bld">Kappati jalogiṃ pātu</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">jalogī</span>ti taruṇasurā. Yaṃ majjasambhāraṃ ekato kataṃ majjabhāvamasampattaṃ, taṃ pātuṃ vaṭṭatīti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Jātarūparajata</span>nti sarasato vikāraṃ anāpajjitvā sabbadā jātaṃ rūpameva hotīti jātaṃ rūpametassāti jātarūpaṃ, suvaṇṇaṃ. Dhavalasabhāvatāya rājatīti rajataṃ, rūpiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Susunāgaputto</span>ti susunāgassa putto.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kākaṇḍakaputto</span>ti kākaṇḍakabrāhmaṇassa putto. <span class="bld">Vajjīsū</span>ti janapadavacanattā bahuvacanaṃ kataṃ. Ekopi hi janapado ruḷhīsaddattā bahuvacanena vuccati. <span class="bld">Yena vesālī, tadavasarī</span>ti yena disābhāgena vesālī avasaritabbā, yasmiṃ vā padese vesālī, tadavasari, taṃ pattoti attho. <span class="bld">Mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāya</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">mahāvanaṃ</span> nāma sayaṃjātamaropimaṃ saparicchedaṃ mahantaṃ vanaṃ. Kapilavatthusāmantā pana mahāvanaṃ himavantena saha ekābaddhaṃ aparicchedaṃ hutvā mahāsamuddaṃ āhacca ṭhitaṃ, idaṃ tādisaṃ na hotīti saparicchedaṃ mahantaṃ vananti mahāvanaṃ. <span class="bld">Kūṭāgārasālā</span> pana mahāvanaṃ nissāya kate ārāme kūṭāgāraṃ anto katvā haṃsavaṭṭakacchannena haṃsamaṇḍalākārena katā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tadahuposathe</span>ti <a name="V1.0101"></a> ettha <span class="bld">tadahū</span>ti tasmiṃ ahani, tasmiṃ divaseti attho. Upavasanti etthāti <span class="bld">uposatho,</span> upavasitabbadivaso. <span class="bld">Upavasantī</span>ti ca sīlena vā sabbaso āhārassa ca abhuñjanasaṅkhātena anasanena <a name="M1.0113"></a> vā khīrapānamadhupānādimattena vā upetā hutvā vasantīti attho. So panesa divaso aṭṭhamīcātuddasīpannarasībhedena tividho. Katthaci pana pātimokkhepi sīlepi upavāsepi paññattiyampi uposathasaddo āgato. Tathā hesa ‘‘āyāmāvuso kappina, uposathaṃ gamissāmā’’tiādīsu pātimokkhuddese āgato. ‘‘Evaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato kho visākhe uposatho upavuttho’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 8.43) sīle. ‘‘Suddhassa ve sadā pheggu, suddhassuposatho sadā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.79) upavāse. ‘‘Uposatho nāma nāgarājā’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.246; ma. ni. 3.258) paññattiyañca āgato. Tattha upecca vasitabbato uposatho pātimokkhuddeso. Upetena samannāgatena hutvā vasitabbato santāne vāsetabbato uposatho sīlaṃ. Asanādisaṃyamādiṃ vā upecca vasantīti uposatho upavāso. Tathārūpe hatthiassavisese uposathoti samaññāmattato uposatho paññatti. Idha pana ‘‘na, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā āvāsā’’tiādīsu (mahāva. 181) viya uposathadivaso adhippeto, tasmā tadahuposatheti tasmiṃ uposathadivaseti attho. <span class="bld">Kaṃsapāti</span>nti suvaṇṇapātiṃ. <span class="bld">Kahāpaṇampī</span>tiādīsu kahāpaṇassa samabhāgo <span class="bld">aḍḍho. Pādo</span> catutthabhāgo. Māsakoyeva <span class="bld">māsakarūpaṃ. Sabbaṃ tāva vattabba</span>nti iminā sattasatikakkhandhake (cūḷava. 446 ādayo) āgatā sabbāpi pāḷi idha ānetvā vattabbāti dasseti. Sā kuto vattabbāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yāva imāya pana vinayasaṅgītiyā’’</span>tiādi. Saṅgāyitasadisameva saṅgāyiṃsūti sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pubbe kataṃ upādāyā</span>ti pubbe kataṃ paṭhamasaṅgītimupādāya. Sā panāyaṃ saṅgītīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Tesū</span>ti tesu saṅgītikārakesu theresu. <span class="bld">Vissutā</span>ti gaṇapāmokkhatāya vissutā sabbattha pākaṭā. Tasmiñhi sannipāte aṭṭheva gaṇapāmokkhā mahātherā ahesuṃ, tesu ca vāsabhagāmī sumanoti dve therā anuruddhattherassa saddhivihārikā, avasesā cha ānandattherassa. Ete pana sabbepi aṭṭha mahātherā bhagavantaṃ diṭṭhapubbā. Idāni te there sarūpato dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘sabbakāmī cā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Sāṇasambhūto</span>ti sāṇadesavāsī sambhūtatthero<a name="M1.0114"></a>. Dutiyo saṅgahoti sambandho. <span class="bld">Pannabhārā</span>ti patitakkhandhabhārā. ‘‘Bhārā have pañcakkhandhā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.22) hi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Katakiccā</span>ti catūsu saccesu catūhi maggehi kattabbassa pariññāpahānasaachakiriyābhāvanāsaṅkhātassa soḷasavidhassapi kiccassa pariniṭṭhitattā katakiccā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Abbuda</span>nti upaddavaṃ vadanti corakammampi bhagavato vacanaṃ thenetvā attano vacanassa dīpanato<a name="V1.0102"></a>. <span class="bld">Gaṇṭhipade</span> pana ‘‘abbudaṃ gaṇḍo’’ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ima</span>nti vakkhamānanidassanaṃ. Sandissamānā mukhā <span class="bld">sammukhā. Uparibrahmalokūpapattiyā bhāvitamagga</span>nti uparibrahmaloke upapattiyā uppāditajjhānaṃ. Jhānañhi tatrūpapattiyā upāyabhāvato idha ‘‘maggo’’ti vuttaṃ. Upāyo hi ‘‘maggo’’ti vuccati. Vacanattho panettha – taṃ taṃ upapattiṃ maggati gavesati janeti nipphādetīti maggoti evaṃ veditabbo. Atthato cāyaṃ maggo nāma cetanāpi hoti cetanāsampayuttadhammāpi tadubhayampi. ‘‘Nirayañcāhaṃ, sāriputta, jānāmi nirayagāmiñca magga’’nti (ma. ni. 1.153) hi ettha cetanā maggo nāma.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Saddhā hiriyaṃ kusalañca dānaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Dhammā ete sappurisānuyātā;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Etañhi maggaṃ diviyaṃ vadanti,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Etena hi gacchati devaloka’’nti. (a. ni. 8.32; kathā. 479) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ettha cetanāsampayuttadhammā maggo nāma. ‘‘Ayaṃ bhikkhave maggo ayaṃ paṭipadā’’ti <span class="bld">saṅkhārūpapattisuttā</span>dīsu (ma. ni. 3.161) cetanāpi cetanāsampayuttadhammāpi maggo nāma. Imasmiṃ ṭhāne jhānassa adhippetattā cetanāsampayuttadhammā gahetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Moggalibrāhmaṇassā</span>ti lokasammatassa aputtakassa moggalināmabrāhmaṇassa. Nanu ca kathametaṃ nāma vuttaṃ ‘‘moggalibrāhmaṇassa gehe paṭisandhiṃ gahessatī’’ti. Kiṃ uparūpapattiyā paṭiladdhasamāpattīnampi kāmāvacare uppatti hotīti? Hoti. Sā ca katādhikārānaṃ mahāpuññānaṃ cetopaṇidhivasena hoti, na sabbesanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Atha mahaggatassa garukakammassa vipākaṃ paṭibāhitvā parittakammaṃ kathamattano vipākassa okāsaṃ karotīti? Ettha ca tāva tīsupi <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> idaṃ <a name="M1.0115"></a> vuttaṃ ‘‘nikantibaleneva jhānā parihāyati, tato parihīnajjhānā nibbattantī’’ti. Keci pana ‘‘anīvaraṇāvatthāya nikantiyā jhānassa parihāni vīmaṃsitvā gahetabbā’’ti vatvā evamettha kāraṇaṃ vadanti ‘‘satipi mahaggatakammuno vipākapaṭibāhanasamatthassa parittakammassapi abhāve ‘ijjhati, bhikkhave, sīlavato cetopaṇidhi visuddhattā’ti (dī. ni. 3.337; a. ni. 8.35; saṃ. ni. 4.352) vacanato kāmabhave cetopaṇidhi mahaggatakammassa vipākaṃ paṭibāhitvā parittakammuno vipākassa okāsaṃ karotī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sādhu</span> <a name="V1.0103"></a> <span class="bld">sappurisā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">sādhū</span>ti āyācanatthe nipāto, taṃ yācāmāti attho. <span class="bld">Haṭṭhapahaṭṭho</span>ti cittapīṇanavasena punappunaṃ santuṭṭho. <span class="bld">Udaggudaggo</span>ti sarīravikāruppādanapītivasena udaggudaggo. Pītimā hi puggalo kāyacittānaṃ uggatattā abbhuggatattā ‘‘udaggo’’ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Sādhūti paṭissuṇitvā</span>ti ‘‘sādhū’’ti paṭivacanaṃ datvā. <span class="bld">Tīretvā</span>ti niṭṭhapetvā. <span class="bld">Puna paccāgamiṃsū</span>ti puna āgamiṃsu. <span class="bld">Tena kho pana samayenā</span>ti yasmiṃ samaye dutiyasaṅgītiṃ akaṃsu, tasmiṃ samayeti attho. <span class="bld">Navakā</span>ti vuttamevatthaṃ vibhāvetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘daharabhikkhū’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ na sampāpuṇiṃsū</span>ti taṃ vajjiputtakehi uppāditaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vinicchinituṃ na sampāpuṇiṃsu nāgamiṃsu. No ahuvatthāti sambandho. <span class="bld">Idaṃ daṇḍakamma</span>nti idāni vattabbaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā parinibbutāti sambandho, yāva attano attano āyuparimāṇaṃ, tāva ṭhatvā parinibbutāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiṃ pana katvā te therā parinibbutāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘dutiyaṃ saṅgahaṃ katvā’’</span>tiādi. Anāgatepi saddhammavuḍḍhiyā hetuṃ katvā parinibbutāti sambandho. Idāni ‘‘tepi nāma evaṃ mahānubhāvā therā aniccatāya vasaṃ gatā, kimaṅgaṃ pana aññe’’ti saṃvejetvā ovadanto āha <span class="bld">‘‘khīṇāsavā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Aniccatāvasa</span>nti aniccatāvasattaṃ, aniccatāyattabhāvaṃ aniccatādhīnabhāvanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Jammiṃ</span> lāmakaṃ <span class="bld">durabhisambhavaṃ</span> anabhibhavanīyaṃ atikkamituṃ asakkuṇeyyaṃ aniccataṃ evaṃ ñatvāti sambandho. Keci pana ‘‘durabhisambhava’’nti ettha ‘‘pāpuṇituṃ asakkuṇeyya’’nti imamatthaṃ gahetvā ‘‘yaṃ durabhisambhavaṃ niccaṃ amataṃ padaṃ, taṃ pattuṃ vāyame dhīro’’ti sambandhaṃ <a name="M1.0116"></a> vadanti. <span class="bld">Sabbākārenā</span>ti sabbappakārena vattabbaṃ kiñcipi asesetvā dutiyasaṅgīti saṃvaṇṇitāti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti samantapāsādikāya vinayaṭṭhakathāya sāratthadīpaniyaṃ</p>
<p class="centered">Dutiyasaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā samattā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Tatiyasaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imissā pana saṅgītiyā dhammasaṅgāhakattherehi nikkaḍḍhitā te dasasahassā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū pakkhaṃ pariyesamānā attano attano anurūpaṃ dubbalapakkhaṃ labhitvā visuṃ mahāsaṅghikaṃ ācariyakulaṃ <a name="V1.0104"></a> nāma akaṃsu, tato bhijjitvā aparāni dve ācariyakulāni jātāni gokulikā ca ekabyohārikā ca. Gokulikanikāyato bhijjitvā aparāni dve ācariyakulāni jātāni paṇṇattivādā ca bāhuliyā ca. Bahussutikātipi tesaṃyeva nāmaṃ, tesaṃyeva antarā cetiyavādā nāma apare ācariyavādā uppannā. Evaṃ mahāsaṅghikācariyakulato dutiye vassasate pañcācariyakulāni uppannāni, tāni mahāsaṅghikehi saddhiṃ cha honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmiṃyeva dutiye vassasate theravādato bhijjitvā dve ācariyavādā uppannā mahisāsakā ca vajjiputtakā ca. Tattha vajjiputtakavādato bhijjitvā apare cattāro ācariyavādā uppannā dhammuttarikā bhaddayānikā channāgārikā samitikāti. Puna tasmiṃyeva dutiye vassasate mahisāsakavādato bhijjitvā sabbatthivādā dhammaguttikāti dve ācariyavādā uppannā. Puna sabbatthivādakulato bhijjitvā kassapikā nāma jātā, kassapikesupi bhinnesu apare saṅkantikā nāma jātā, saṅkantikesu bhinnesu suttavādā nāma jātāti theravādato bhijjitvā ime ekādasa ācariyavādā uppannā, te theravādena saddhiṃ dvādasa honti. Iti ime ca dvādasa mahāsaṅghikānañca cha ācariyavādāti sabbe aṭṭhārasa ācariyavādā dutiye vassasate <a name="M1.0117"></a> uppannā. Aṭṭhārasa nikāyātipi aṭṭhārasācariyakulānītipi etesaṃyeva nāmaṃ. Etesu pana sattarasa vādā bhinnakā, theravādoveko asambhinnakoti veditabbo. Vuttampi cetaṃ dīpavaṃse –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nikkaḍḍhitā pāpabhikkhū, therehi vajjiputtakā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Aññaṃ pakkhaṃ labhitvāna, adhammavādī bahū janā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dasasahassā samāgantvā, akaṃsu dhammasaṅgahaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmāyaṃ dhammasaṅgīti, mahāsaṅgīti vuccati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Mahāsaṅgītikā bhikkhū, vilomaṃ akaṃsu sāsane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhinditvā mūlasaṅgahaṃ, aññaṃ akaṃsu saṅgahaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Aññatra saṅgahitaṃ suttaṃ, aññatra akariṃsu te;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atthaṃ dhammañca bhindiṃsu, vinaye nikāyesu ca pañcasu.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pariyāyadesitañcāpi<a name="V1.0105"></a>, atho nippariyāyadesitaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nītatthañceva neyyatthaṃ, ajānitvāna bhikkhavo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Aññaṃ sandhāya bhaṇitaṃ, aññaṃ atthaṃ ṭhapayiṃsu te;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Byañjanacchāyāya te bhikkhū, bahuṃ atthaṃ vināsayuṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Chaḍḍetvāna ekadesaṃ, suttaṃ vinayagambhiraṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Patirūpaṃ suttaṃ vinayaṃ, tañca aññaṃ kariṃsu te.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Parivāraṃ atthuddhāraṃ, abhidhammaṃ chappakaraṇaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha1">Paṭisambhidañca niddesaṃ, ekadesañca jātakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ettakaṃ vissajjetvāna, aññāni akariṃsu te.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nāmaṃ liṅgaṃ parikkhāraṃ, ākappakaraṇāni ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pakatibhāvaṃ vijahitvā, tañca aññaṃ akaṃsu te.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pubbaṅgamā bhinnavādā, mahāsaṅgītikārakā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tesañca anukārena, bhinnavādā bahū ahu.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tato aparakālamhi, tasmiṃ bhedo ajāyatha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Gokulikā ekabyohāri, dvidhā bhijjittha bhikkhavo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Gokulikānaṃ <a name="M1.0118"></a> dve bhedā, aparakālamhi jāyatha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bahussutikā ca paññatti, dvidhā bhijjittha bhikkhavo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Cetiyā ca punavādī, mahāsaṅgītibhedakā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pañca vādā ime sabbe, mahāsaṅgītimūlakā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Atthaṃ dhammañca bhindiṃsu, ekadesañca saṅgahaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ganthañca ekadesañhi, chaḍḍetvā aññaṃ akaṃsu te.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nāmaṃ <a name="V1.0106"></a> liṅgaṃ parikkhāraṃ, ākappakaraṇāni ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pakatibhāvaṃ vijahitvā, tañca aññaṃ akaṃsu te.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Visuddhattheravādamhi, puna bhedo ajāyatha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mahisāsakā vajjiputtakā, dvidhā bhijjittha bhikkhavo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vajjiputtakavādamhi, catudhā bhedo ajāyatha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dhammatturikā bhaddayānikā, channāgārikā ca samiti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Mahisāsakānaṃ dve bhedā, aparakālamhi ajāyatha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sabbatthivādā dhammaguttā, dvidhā bhijjittha bhikkhavo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbatthivādānaṃ kassapikā, saṅkanti kassapikena ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saṅkantikānaṃ suttavādī, anupubbena bhijjatha.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ime ekādasa vādā, pabhinnā theravādato;</p>
<p class="gatha1">Atthaṃ dhammañca bhindiṃsu, ekadesañca saṅgahaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ganthañca ekadesañhi, chaḍḍetvā aññaṃ akaṃsu te.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nāmaṃ liṅgaṃ parikkhāraṃ, ākappakaraṇāni ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pakatibhāvaṃ vijahitvā, tañca aññaṃ akaṃsu te.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sattarasa bhinnavādā, ekavādo abhinnako;</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sabbevaṭṭhārasa honti, bhinnavādena te saha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nigrodhova mahārukkho, theravādānamuttamo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Anūnaṃ anadhikañca, kevalaṃ jinasāsanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kaṇṭakā viya rukkhamhi, nibbattā vādasesakā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Paṭhame <a name="M1.0119"></a><a name="V1.0107"></a> vassasate natthi, dutiye vassasatantare;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhinnā sattarasa vādā, uppannā jinasāsane’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparāparaṃ pana hemavatā rājagirikā siddhatthikā pubbaseliyā aparaseliyā vājiriyāti aññepi cha ācariyavādā uppannā. Purimakānaṃ pana aṭṭhārasannaṃ ācariyavādānaṃ vasena pavattamāne sāsane asoko dhammarājā paṭiladdhasaddho divase divase buddhapūjāya satasahassaṃ, dhammapūjāya satasahassaṃ, saṅghapūjāya satasahassaṃ, attano ācariyassa nigrodhattherassa satasahassaṃ, catūsu dvāresu bhesajjatthāya satasahassanti pañca satasahassāni pariccajanto sāsane uḷāraṃ lābhasakkāraṃ pavattesi. Tadā hatalābhasakkārehi titthiyehi uppāditaṃ anekappakāraṃ sāsanamalaṃ visodhetvā moggaliputtatissatthero tipiṭakapariyattidharānaṃ pabhinnapaṭisambhidānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sahassamekaṃ gahetvā yathā mahākassapatthero ca yasatthero ca dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyiṃsu, evameva saṅgāyanto tatiyasaṅgītiṃ akāsi. Idāni taṃ tatiyasaṅgītiṃ mūlato pabhuti vitthāretvā dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘tissopi kho mahābrahmā brahmalokato cavitvā moggalibrāhmaṇassa gehe paṭisandhiṃ aggahesī’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">gehe paṭisandhiṃ aggahesī</span>ti moggalibrāhmaṇassa gehe brāhmaṇiyā kucchimhi paṭisandhiṃ aggahesīti attho. Gehassa pana tannissayattā nissite nissayavohāravasena ‘‘gehe paṭisandhiṃ aggahesī’’ti vuttaṃ yathā ‘‘mañcā ukkuṭṭhiṃ karonti, sabbo gāmo āgato’’ti. <span class="bld">Sattavassānī</span>ti accantasaṃyoge upayogavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Aticchathā</span>ti atikkamitvā icchatha, idha bhikkhā na labbhati, ito aññattha gantvā bhikkhaṃ pariyesathāti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">‘‘Bho pabbajitā’’</span>tiādi brāhmaṇo attano gehe bhikkhālābhaṃ anicchanto āha. <span class="bld">Paṭiyāditabhattato</span>ti sampādetvā ṭhapitabhattato. <span class="bld">Tadupiya</span>nti tadanurūpaṃ. <span class="bld">Upasamaṃ disvā</span>ti therassa kāyacittavūpasamaṃ punappunaṃ disvā, ñatvāti attho. Iriyāpathavūpasamasandassanena hi tannibandhino cittassa yoniso pavattiupasamopi viññāyati. <span class="bld">Bhiyyoso mattāya pasīditvā</span>ti <a name="M1.0120"></a> punappunaṃ visesato adhikataraṃ pasīditvā. <span class="bld">Bhattavissaggakaraṇatthāyā</span>ti bhattakiccakaraṇatthāya. <span class="bld">Adhivāsetvā</span>ti sampaṭicchitvā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Soḷasavassuddesiko</span>ti soḷasavassoti uddisitabbo voharitabboti soḷasavassuddeso, soyeva soḷasavassuddesiko. Soḷasavassoti vā uddisitabbataṃ arahatīti soḷasavassuddesiko, soḷasavassāni vā uddisitabbāni assāti soḷasavassuddesiko, soḷasavassoti uddeso vā assa <a name="V1.0108"></a> atthīti soḷasavassuddesiko, atthato pana soḷasavassikoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū</span>ti iruvedayajuvedasāmavedasaṅkhātānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ paguṇakaraṇavasena pāraṃ gatoti pāragū. Pāragūti cettha niccasāpekkhatāya samāsādikaṃ veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Laggetvā</span>ti olambetvā. <span class="bld">Na ca kācī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">ca</span>-saddo avadhāraṇe, kāci kathā neva uppajjatīti attho. <span class="bld">Pallaṅka</span>nti nisīditabbāsanaṃ. <span class="bld">Uppajjissatī</span>ti etthāpi ‘‘kathā’’ti idaṃ ānetvā sambandhitabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Kupito anattamano</span>ti kopena kupito, anattamano domanassena. Domanassasamaṅgī hi puggalo pītisukhehi na attamano na attacittoti anattamanoti vuccati. Na sakamanoti vā anattamano attano vase aṭṭhitacittattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Caṇḍikkabhāve</span>ti caṇḍiko vuccati caṇḍo thaddhapuggalo, tassa bhāvo caṇḍikkaṃ, thaddhabhāvoti attho. Idha pana ‘‘caṇḍikkabhāve’’ti vuttattā caṇḍikoyeva caṇḍikkanti gahetabbaṃ, tena ‘‘caṇḍikkabhāve’’ti ettha thaddhabhāveti attho veditabbo. <span class="bld">Kiñci manta</span>nti kiñci vedaṃ. <span class="bld">Aññe ke jānissantī</span>ti na keci jānissantīti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Pucchitvā sakkā jānitu</span>nti attano padesañāṇe ṭhitattā thero evamāha. Sabbaññubuddhā eva hi ‘‘puccha, māṇava, yadākaṅkhasī’’tiādinā paccekabuddhādīhi asādhāraṇaṃ sabbaññupavāraṇaṃ pavārenti. Sāvakā pana padesañāṇe ṭhitattā ‘‘sutvā vedissāmā’’ti vā ‘‘pucchitvā sakkā jānitu’’nti vā vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tīsu vedesū</span>tiādīsu tayo vedā pubbe vuttanayā eva. <span class="bld">Nighaṇḍū</span>ti nāmanighaṇḍurukkhādīnaṃ vevacanappakāsakaṃ satthaṃ, <span class="bld">vevacanappakāsaka</span>nti ca pariyāyasaddadīpakanti attho, ekekassa atthassa anekapariyāyavacanavibhāvakanti <a name="M1.0121"></a> vuttaṃ hoti. Nidassanamattañcetaṃ anekesaṃ atthānaṃ ekasaddassa vacanīyatāvibhāvanavasenapi tassa ganthassa pavattattā. Vacanīyavācakabhāvena atthaṃ saddañca nikhaṇḍeti bhindati vibhajja dassetīti nikhaṇḍu, so eva idha kha-kārassa gha-kāraṃ katvā nighaṇḍūti vutto. <span class="bld">Keṭubha</span>nti kiriyākappavikappo kavīnaṃ upakārasatthaṃ. Ettha ca <span class="bld">kiriyākappavikappo</span>ti vacībhedādilakkhaṇā kiriyā kappīyati vikappīyati etenāti kiriyākappo, so pana vaṇṇapadabandhapadatthādivibhāgato bahuvikappoti kiriyākappavikappoti vuccati. Idañca mūlakiriyākappaganthaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. So hi satasahassaparimāṇo nayādicariyādikaṃ pakaraṇaṃ. Vacanatthato pana kiṭati gameti kiriyādivibhāgaṃ, taṃ vā anavasesapariyādānato gamento pūretīti keṭubhanti vuccati, saha nighaṇḍunā keṭubhena ca <span class="bld">sanighaṇḍukeṭubhā,</span> tayo vedā. Tesu sanighaṇḍukeṭubhesu. Ṭhānakaraṇādivibhāgato <a name="V1.0109"></a> nibbacanavibhāgato ca akkharā pabhedīyanti etenāti akkharappabhedo, sikkhā ca nirutti ca. Saha akkharappabhedenāti <span class="bld">sākkharappabhedā,</span> tesu sākkharappabhedesu. <span class="bld">Itihāsapañcamesū</span>ti athabbanavedaṃ catutthaṃ katvā ‘‘itiha āsa itiha āsā’’ti īdisavacanapaṭisaṃyutto purāṇakathāsaṅkhāto itihāso pañcamo etesanti itihāsapañcamā, tayo vedā. Tesu itihāsapañcamesu. <span class="bld">Neva attanā passatī</span>ti neva sayaṃ passati, neva jānātīti attho. <span class="bld">Puccha, byākarissāmī</span>ti ‘‘sabbāpi pucchā vedesuyeva antogadhā’’ti sallakkhento evamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yassa citta</span>ntiādipañhadvayaṃ cuticittasamaṅgino khīṇāsavassa cuticittassa uppādakkhaṇaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tattha paṭhamapañhe <span class="bld">uppajjatī</span>ti uppādakkhaṇasamaṅgitāya uppajjati. <span class="bld">Na nirujjhatī</span>ti nirodhakkhaṇaṃ appattatāya na nirujjhati. <span class="bld">Tassa citta</span>nti tassa puggalassa tato paṭṭhāya cittaṃ nirujjhissati nuppajjissatīti pucchati. <span class="bld">Yassa vā panā</span>tiādike pana dutiyapañhe <span class="bld">nirujjhissatī</span>ti yassa cittaṃ bhaṅgakkhaṇaṃ patvā nirujjhissati. <span class="bld">Nuppajjissatī</span>ti bhaṅgato parabhāge sayaṃ vā aññaṃ vā nuppajjissati, tassa puggalassa cittaṃ uppajjati na nirujjhatīti pucchati. Imesaṃ pana pañhānaṃ paṭhamo pañho vibhajjabyākaraṇīyo, tasmā ‘‘yassa cittaṃ uppajjati na nirujjhati, tassa cittaṃ nirujjhissati nuppajjissatī’’ti (yama. 2.cittayamaka.63) evaṃ <a name="M1.0122"></a> puṭṭhena satā evamayaṃ pañho ca vissajjetabbo ‘‘pacchimacittassa uppādakkhaṇe tesaṃ cittaṃ uppajjati na nirujjhati nirujjhissati na uppajjissati, itaresaṃ cittassa uppādakkhaṇe tesaṃ cittaṃ uppajjati na nirujjhati, nirujjhissati ceva uppajjissati cā’’ti (yama. 2.cittayamaka.63). Yesañhi paricchinnavaṭṭadukkhānaṃ khīṇāsavānaṃ sabbapacchimassa cuticittassa uppādakkhaṇe vattati, tesaṃ tadeva cuticittaṃ nirujjhissati nuppajjissatīti. Uppādappattatāya uppajjati nāma, bhaṅgaṃ appattatāya na nirujjhati. Bhaṅgaṃ pana patvā taṃ tesaṃ cittaṃ nirujjhissati, tato appaṭisandhikattā aññaṃ na uppajjissati. Ṭhapetvā pana pacchimacittasamaṅgikhīṇāsavaṃ itaresaṃ sekkhāsekkhaputhujjanānaṃ uppādakkhaṇasamaṅgicittaṃ uppādappattatāya uppajjati nāma, bhaṅgaṃ appattatāya na nirujjhati. Bhaṅgaṃ pana patvā nirujjhissateva, aññaṃ pana tasmiṃ vā aññasmiṃ vā attabhāve uppajjissati ceva nirujjhissati ca. Dutiyo pana pañho arahato cuticittassa uppādakkhaṇe niyamitattā ekaṃsabyākaraṇīyo, tasmā ‘‘yassa vā pana cittaṃ nirujjhissati na uppajjissati, tassa cittaṃ uppajjati na nirujjhatī’’ti puṭṭhena ‘‘āmantā’’ti vattabbaṃ. Khīṇāsavassa hi uppādakkhaṇasamaṅgicuticittaṃ bhaṅgaṃ patvā nirujjhissati <a name="V1.0110"></a> nāma, tato paraṃ nuppajjissati. Uppādakkhaṇasamaṅgitāya pana uppajjati ceva bhaṅgaṃ appattatāya na nirujjhati cāti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana māṇavo evamime pañhe vissajjetumasakkonto vighātaṃ pāpuṇi, tasmā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘māṇavo uddhaṃ vā adho vā harituṃ asakkonto’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">uddhaṃ vā adho vā harituṃ asakkonto</span>ti uparimapade vā heṭṭhimapadaṃ, heṭṭhimapade vā uparimapadaṃ atthato samannāharituṃ asakkontoti attho, pubbenāparaṃ yojetvā pañhassa atthaṃ paricchindituṃ asakkontoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Dvattiṃsākārakammaṭṭhānaṃ tāva ācikkhī</span>ti ‘‘atthi imasmiṃ kāye’’tiādikaṃ dvattiṃsākārakammaṭṭhānaṃ ‘‘mantassa upacāro aya’’nti paṭhamaṃ ācikkhi. Sotāpannānaṃ sīlesu paripūrakāritāya samādinnasīlato natthi parihānīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘abhabbo dāni sāsanato nivattitu’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Vaḍḍhetvā</span>ti uparimaggatthāya kammaṭṭhānaṃ vaḍḍhetvā. <span class="bld">Appossukko bhaveyya buddhavacanaṃ gahetu</span>nti arahattappattiyā katakiccabhāvatoti <a name="M1.0123"></a> adhippāyo. Vohāravidhimhi chekabhāvatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘upajjhāyo maṃ bhante tumhākaṃ santikaṃ pahiṇī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Udakadantaponaṃ upaṭṭhāpesī</span>ti paribhogatthāya udakañca dantakaṭṭhañca paṭiyādetvā ṭhapesi. Dante punanti visodhenti etenāti dantaponaṃ vuccati dantakaṭṭhaṃ. Guṇavantānaṃ saṅgahetabbabhāvato thero sāmaṇerassa ca khantivīriyaupaṭṭhānādiguṇe paccakkhakaraṇatthaṃ vināva abhiññāya pakatiyā vīmaṃsamāno puna sammajjanādiṃ akāsi. ‘‘Sāmaṇerassa cittadamanatthaṃ akāsī’’tipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Buddhavacanaṃ paṭṭhapesī</span>ti buddhavacanaṃ uggaṇhāpetuṃ ārabhi. <span class="bld">Ṭhapetvā vinayapiṭaka</span>nti ettha ‘‘sāmaṇerānaṃ vinayapariyāpuṇanaṃ cārittaṃ na hotīti ṭhapetvā vinayapiṭakaṃ avasesaṃ buddhavacanaṃ uggaṇhāpesī’’ti tīsupi <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Avassikova samāno</span>ti upasampadato paṭṭhāya aparipuṇṇaekavassoti adhippāyo. Moggaliputtatissattherassa hadaye patiṭṭhāpitampi buddhavacanaṃ vohāravasena tassa hatthe patiṭṭhāpitaṃ nāma hotīti katvā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘hatthe sakalaṃ buddhavacanaṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā parinibbāyiṃsū</span>ti moggaliputtatissattherassa hatthe sakalasāsanapatiṭṭhāpanena dutiyasaṅgītikārakāropitadaṇḍakammato muttā hutvā yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā parinibbāyiṃsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bindusārassa rañño ekasataputtā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">bindusāro</span> nāma sakyakulappasuto candaguttassa nāma rañño putto. Tathā hi viṭaṭūbhasaṅgāme kapilavatthuto nikkhantasakyaputtehi māpite moriyanagare khattiyakulasambhavo candaguttakumāro pāṭaliputte rājā ahosi. Tassa putto bindusāro <a name="V1.0111"></a> nāma rājakumāro pitu accayena rājā hutvā ekasataputtakānaṃ janako ahosi. <span class="bld">Ekasata</span>nti ekañca satañca ekasataṃ, ekenādhikaṃ satanti attho. Ekāva mātā assāti <span class="bld">ekamātikaṃ,</span> attanā sahodaranti vuttaṃ hoti. Na tāva ekarajjaṃ katanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘anabhisittova rajjaṃ kāretvā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Ekarajjābhiseka</span>nti sakalajambudīpe ekādhipaccavasena kariyamānaṃ abhisekaṃ. Puññappabhāvena pāpuṇitabbāpi rājiddhiyo arahattamaggena āgatā paṭisambhidādayo <a name="M1.0124"></a> avasesavisesā viya payogasampattibhūtā abhisekānubhāveneva āgatāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘abhisekānubhāvena cassa imā rājiddhiyo āgatā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">rājiddhiyo</span>ti rājabhāvānugatappabhāvā. <span class="bld">Yato</span>ti yato soḷasaghaṭato. <span class="bld">Sāsane uppannasaddho</span>ti buddhasāsane paṭiladdhasaddho. <span class="bld">Asandhimittā</span>ti tassāva nāmaṃ. Tassā kira sarīre sandhayo na paññāyanti, tasmā evaṃnāmikā jātātipi vadanti. Devatā eva divase divase āharantīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Devasika</span>nti divase divase. <span class="bld">Agadāmalaka</span>nti appakeneva sarīrasodhanādisamatthaṃ sabbadosaharaṇaṃ osadhāmalakaṃ. <span class="bld">Agadaharītaka</span>mpi tādisameva harītakaṃ. Tesu kira dvīsu yathākāmamekaṃ paribhuñjati. <span class="bld">Chaddantadahato</span>ti chaddantadahasamīpe ṭhitadevavimānato kapparukkhato vā. ‘‘Chaddantadahe tādisā rukkhavisesā santi, tato āharantī’’tipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Dibbañca pānaka</span>nti dibbaphalarasapānakañca. <span class="bld">Asuttamayika</span>nti kapparukkhato nibbattadibbadussattā suttehi na katanti asuttamayikaṃ. <span class="bld">Sumanapupphapaṭa</span>nti sabbattha sukhumaṃ hutvā uggatapupphānaṃ atthitāya sumanapupphapaṭaṃ nāma jātaṃ. <span class="bld">Uṭṭhitassa sālino</span>ti sayaṃjātasālino. Samudāyāpekkhañcettha ekavacanaṃ, sālīnanti attho. <span class="bld">Nava vāhasahassānī</span>ti ettha ‘‘catasso muṭṭhiyo eko kuḍuvo, cattāro kuḍuvā eko pattho, cattāro patthā eko āḷhako, cattāro āḷhakā ekaṃ doṇaṃ, cattāro doṇā ekamānikā, catasso mānikā ekakhārī, vīsati khāriyo eko vāho, tadeva ekaṃ sakaṭa’’nti suttanipātaṭṭhakathādīsu (su. ni. aṭṭha. 2.kokālikasuttavaṇṇanā; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.181; a. ni. 3.10; 89) vuttaṃ. Idha pana ‘‘dve sakaṭāni eko vāho’’ti vadanti. <span class="bld">Nitthusakaṇe karontī</span>ti thusakuṇḍakarahite karonti. <span class="bld">Madhuṃ karontī</span>ti āgantvā samīpaṭṭhāne madhuṃ karonti. <span class="bld">Balikammaṃ karontī</span>ti sabbattha balikammakārakā raṭṭhavāsino viya madhurasaraṃ vikūjantā baliṃ karonti. ‘‘Āgantvā ākāseyeva saddaṃ katvā attānaṃ ajānāpetvā gacchantī’’ti vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Suvaṇṇasaṅkhalikāyeva bandhanaṃ <span class="bld">suvaṇṇasaṅkhalikabandhanaṃ</span>. <span class="bld">Catunnaṃ buddhāna</span>nti kakusandhādīnaṃ catunnaṃ buddhānaṃ. <span class="bld">Adhigatarūpadassana</span>nti paṭiladdharūpadassanaṃ. Ayaṃ kira kappāyukattā catunnampi buddhānaṃ <a name="V1.0112"></a> rūpasampattiṃ paccakkhato addakkhi. <span class="bld">Kāḷaṃ nāma</span> <a name="M1.0125"></a> <span class="bld">nāgarājānaṃ ānayitvā</span>ti ettha so pana nāgarājā gaṅgāyaṃ nikkhittasuvaṇṇasaṅkhalikāya gantvā attano pādesu patitasaññāya āgatoti veditabbo. Nanu ca asokassa rañño āṇā heṭṭhā yojanato upari pavattati, imassa ca vimānaṃ yojanaparicchedato heṭṭhā patiṭṭhitaṃ, tasmā kathaṃ ayaṃ nāgarājā rañño āṇāya āgatoti? Kiñcāpi attano vimānaṃ yojanaparicchedato heṭṭhā patiṭṭhitaṃ, tathāpi rañño āṇāpavattiṭṭhānena saha ekābaddhatāya tassa āṇaṃ akāsi. Yathā hi rajjasīmantaravāsino manussā tehi tehi rājūhi nippīḷiyamānā tesaṃ tesaṃ āṇāya pavattanti, evaṃsampadamidanti vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Āpāthaṃ karohī</span>ti sammukhaṃ karohi, gocaraṃ karohīti attho. Tena nimmitaṃ buddharūpaṃ passantoti sambandho. Kīdisaṃ taṃ buddharūpanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sakalasarīravippakiṇṇā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">puññappabhāvanibbatta</span>ggahaṇaṃ tena nimmitānampi asītianubyañjanapaṭimaṇḍitānaṃ dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇānaṃ bhagavato puññappabhāvanibbattaasītianubyañjanādīhi sadisattā katanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Na hi tena tadā nimmitaṃ anekākāraparipuṇṇaṃ buddharūpaṃ bhagavato puññappabhāvena nibbattanti sakkā vattuṃ. <span class="bld">Asītianubyañjanaṃ</span> tambanakhatuṅganāsādi. <span class="bld">Dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ</span> suppatiṭṭhitapādatādi. <span class="bld">Vikasita…pe… salilatala</span>nti sūriyarasmisamphassena vikasitehi vikāsamupagatehi kaṃ alaṅkarotīti ‘‘kamala’’nti laddhanāmehi rattapadumehi nīluppalādibhedehi uppalehi ceva setapadumasaṅkhātehi puṇḍarīkehi ca paṭimaṇḍitaṃ samantato sajjitaṃ jalatalamiva. <span class="bld">Tārāgaṇa…pe… gaganatala</span>nti sabbattha vippakiṇṇatārakagaṇassa rasmijālavisadehi vipphuritāya bhāsamānāya sobhāya kantiyā samujjalaṃ sammā bhāsamānaṃ gaganatalamiva ākāsatalamiva. <span class="bld">Sañjhāppabhā…pe… kanakagirisikhara</span>nti sañjhākālasañjātappabhānurāgehi indacāpehi vijjulatāhi ca parikkhittaṃ samantato parivāritaṃ kanakagirisikharamiva suvaṇṇapabbatakūṭamiva. <span class="bld">Vimalaketumālā</span>ti ettha ‘‘ketumālā nāma sīsato nikkhamitvā upari muddhani puñjo hutvā dissamānarasmirāsī’’ti vadanti. ‘‘Muddhani majjhe paññāyamāno unnatappadesotipi vadantī’’ti tīsupi <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ. Yasmā pana asoko <a name="M1.0126"></a> dhammarājā sañjātapītisomanasso sattāhaṃ nirāhāro hutvā yathāṭhitova avikkhittacitto pasādasommehi cakkhūhi nirantaraṃ buddharūpameva olokesi, tasmā akkhīhi pūjā katā nāma hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘akkhipūjaṃ nāma akāsī’’</span>ti. Atha vā cakkhūnaṃ tādisassa iṭṭhārammaṇassa upaṭṭhāpanena akkhīnaṃ pūjā katā nāma hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘akkhipūjaṃ nāma akāsī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iddhivibhāvanādhikārappasaṅgena <a name="V1.0113"></a> cetaṃ vatthu vuttaṃ, nānukkamena. Ayañhettha anukkamo – asoko kira mahārājā upari vakkhamānānukkamena sīhapañjarena olokento nigrodhasāmaṇeraṃ iriyāpathasampannaṃ nāgarajananayanāni ākaḍḍhantaṃ yugamattaṃ pekkhamānaṃ disvā pasīditvā sañjātapemo sabahumāno āmantāpetvā setacchattassa heṭṭhā sīhāsane nisīdāpetvā bhojetvā sāmaṇerassa vacanādāse dissamānaṃ dasabalassa dhammakāyaṃ disvā ratanattaye pasīditvā sapariso saraṇasīlesu patiṭṭhāya tato paṭṭhāya abhivaḍḍhamānasaddho pubbe bhojiyamānāni titthiyasaṭṭhisahassāni nīharitvā bhikkhūnaṃ saṭṭhisahassānaṃ suvakāhatasālisampāditabhattaṃ paṭṭhapetvā devatopanītaṃ anotattasalilaṃ nāgalatādantakaṭṭhañca upanāmetvā niccasaṅghupaṭṭhānaṃ karonto ekadivasaṃ suvaṇṇasaṅkhalikabandhanaṃ vissajjetvā kāḷaṃ nāgarājānaṃ ānayitvā tena nimmitaṃ vuttappakāraṃ sirīsobhaggasampannaṃ buddharūpaṃ passanto dīghaputhulaniccalanayanappabhāhi sattāhaṃ akkhipūjamakāsi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni pana yathānusandhiṃ ghaṭetvā anukkamena tassa sāsanāvatāraṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘rājā kira abhisekaṃ pāpuṇitvā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Bāhirakapāsaṇḍa</span>nti bāhirakappaveditaṃ samayavādaṃ. Bāhirakappaveditā hi samayavādā sattānaṃ taṇhāpāsaṃ diṭṭhipāsañca ḍenti oḍḍentīti ‘‘pāsaṇḍā’’ti vuccanti. <span class="bld">Pariggaṇhī</span>ti vīmaṃsamāno pariggahesi. <span class="bld">Bindusāro brāhmaṇabhatto ahosī</span>ti attano pitu candaguttassa kālato paṭṭhāya brāhmaṇesu sambhatto ahosi. Candakena nāma kira brāhmaṇena samussāhito candaguttakumāro tena dinnanaye ṭhatvā sakalajambudīpe ekarajjamakāsi, tasmā tasmiṃ brāhmaṇe sañjātabahumānavasena candaguttakālato paṭṭhāya saṭṭhisahassamattā brāhmaṇajātikā tasmiṃ rājakule <a name="M1.0127"></a> niccabhattikā ahesuṃ. <span class="bld">Brāhmaṇāna</span>nti paṇḍaraṅgaparibbājakādibhāvamanupagate dasseti. Paṇḍaraṅgaparibbājakādayo ca brāhmaṇajātivantoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘brāhmaṇajātiyapāsaṇḍāna’’</span>nti. Ettha pana diṭṭhipāsādīnaṃ oḍḍanato paṇḍaraṅgādayova ‘‘pāsaṇḍā’’ti vuttā. <span class="bld">Sīhapañjare</span>ti mahāvātapāne. <span class="bld">Upasamaparibāhirenā</span>ti upasamato paribāhirena, upasamarahitenāti attho. <span class="bld">Antepuraṃ atiharathā</span>ti antepuraṃ pavesetha, ānethāti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Amā saha bhavanti kiccesūti <span class="bld">amaccā,</span> rajjakiccavosāpanakā. <span class="bld">Devā</span>ti rājānaṃ ālapanti. Rājāno hi dibbanti kāmaguṇehi kīḷanti, tesu vā viharanti vijayasamatthatāyogena paccatthike vijetuṃ icchanti, issariyaṭhānādisakkāradānagahaṇaṃ taṃ taṃ atthānusāsanaṃ vā karonti voharanti, puññānubhāvappattāya jutiyā jotantīti vā ‘‘devā’’ti vuccanti<a name="V1.0114"></a>. Tathā hi te catūhi saṅgahavatthūhi janaṃ rañjentā sayaṃ yathāvuttehi visesehi rājanti dippanti sobhantīti ‘‘rājāno’’ti ca vuccanti. <span class="bld">Nigaṇṭhādayo</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">nigaṇṭho</span> nāma ‘‘amhākaṃ gaṇṭhanakileso saṃsāre palibuddhanakicco rāgādikileso khettavatthuputtadārādivisayo natthi, kilesagaṇṭhirahitā maya’’nti evaṃ vāditāya ‘‘nigaṇṭhā’’ti laddhanāmā titthiyā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Uccāvacānī</span>ti uccāni ca avacāni ca, mahantāni ceva khuddakāni ca, atha vā visiṭṭhāni ceva lāmakāni cāti attho. <span class="bld">Bhaddapīṭhakesū</span>ti vettamayapīṭhesu. <span class="bld">Sāro</span>ti sīlādiguṇasāro. <span class="bld">Rājaṅgaṇenā</span>ti rājanivesanadvāre vivaṭena bhūmippadesena. Aṅgaṇanti hi katthaci kilesā vuccanti ‘‘rāgo aṅgaṇa’’ntiādīsu (vibha. 924). Rāgādayo hi aṅganti etehi taṃsamaṅgīpuggalā nihīnabhāvaṃ gacchantīti aṅgaṇānīti vuccanti. Katthaci malaṃ vā paṅko vā ‘‘tasseva rajassa vā aṅgaṇassa vā pahānāya vāyamatī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.184). Añjati sammakkhetīti hi aṅgaṇaṃ, malādi. Katthaci tathārūpo vivaṭappadeso ‘‘cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ bodhiyaṅgaṇa’’ntiādīsu. Añjati tattha ṭhitaṃ atisundaratāya abhibyañjetīti hi aṅgaṇaṃ, vivaṭo bhūmippadeso. Idhāpi soyeva adhippeto. <span class="bld">Danta</span>ntiādīsu kilesavipphandarahitacittatāya <span class="bld">dantaṃ,</span> niccaṃ paccupaṭṭhitasatārakkhatāya <span class="bld">guttaṃ,</span> cakkhādiindriyānaṃ <a name="M1.0128"></a> santatāya <span class="bld">santindriyaṃ,</span> pāsādikena iriyāpathena samannāgatattā <span class="bld">sampannairiyāpathaṃ</span>. Idāni nigrodhasāmaṇeraṃ sarūpato vibhāvetukāmo āha <span class="bld">‘‘ko panāyaṃ nigrodho nāmā’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tatrāyaṃ anupubbikathā</span>ti ettha bindusārassa kira ekasataputtesu moriyavaṃsajāya dhammadeviyā asokatissanāmānaṃ dvinnaṃ puttānaṃ majjhe jeṭṭho asokakumāro avantiraṭṭhaṃ bhuñjati. Pitarā pesito pāṭaliputtato paññāsayojanamatthake viṭaṭūbhabhayāgatānaṃ sākiyānamāvāsaṃ veṭisaṃ nāma nagaraṃ patvā tattha veṭisaṃ nāma seṭṭhidhītaraṃ ādāya ujjenīrājadhāniyaṃ rajjaṃ karonto mahindaṃ nāma kumāraṃ saṅghamittañca kumārikaṃ labhitvā tehi saddhiṃ rajjasukhamanubhavanto pituno gilānabhāvaṃ sutvā ujjeniṃ pahāya sīghaṃ pāṭaliputtaṃ upagantvā pitu upaṭṭhānaṃ katvā tassa accayena rajjaṃ aggahesi. Taṃ sutvā yuvarājā sumanābhidhāno kujjhitvā ‘‘ajja me maraṇaṃ vā hotu rajjaṃ vā’’ti aṭṭhanavutibhātikaparivuto saṃvaṭṭasāgare jalataraṅgasaṅghāto viya ajjhottharanto upagacchati. Tato asoko ujjenīrājā saṅgāmaṃ pakkhanditvā sattumaddanaṃ karonto sumanaṃ nāma rājakumāraṃ gahetvā ghātesi. Tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘bindusārarañño kira dubbalakāleyeva asokakumāro attanā laddhaṃ ujjenīrajjaṃ <a name="V1.0115"></a> pahāya āgantvā sabbanagaraṃ attano hatthagataṃ katvā sumanaṃ nāma rājakumāraṃ aggahesī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paripuṇṇagabbhā</span>ti paripakkagabbhā. <span class="bld">Ekaṃ sāla</span>nti sabbaparicchannaṃ ekaṃ pāsādaṃ. ‘‘Devatāya pana ānubhāvena tasmiṃ pāsāde mahājanena adissamānā hutvā vāsaṃ kappesī’’ti vadanti. <span class="bld">Nibaddhavatta</span>nti ‘‘ekassa divasassa ettaka’’nti niyāmetvā ṭhapitavattaṃ. <span class="bld">Hetusampada</span>nti arahattūpanissayapuññasampadaṃ. <span class="bld">Khuraggeyevā</span>ti khurakammapariyosāneyeva, tacapañcakakammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā taṃ pariggaṇhanto antimāya kesavaṭṭiyā voropanāya samakālameva ca arahattaṃ pāpuṇīti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Sarīraṃ jaggitvā</span>ti dantakaṭṭhakhādanamukhadhovanādīhi sarīraparikammaṃ katvā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sīhapañjare caṅkamatī</span>ti sīhapañjarasamīpe aparāparaṃ caṅkamati. <span class="bld">Taṅkhaṇaññevā</span>ti tasmiṃ khaṇeyeva. <span class="bld">Ayaṃ jano</span>ti rājaṅgaṇe caramānaṃ janaṃ disvā <a name="M1.0129"></a> vadati. <span class="bld">Bhantamigappaṭibhāgo</span>ti anavaṭṭhitattā kāyacāpallena samannāgatattā bhantamigasadiso. Ativiya sobhatīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Ālokitavilokita</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">ālokitaṃ</span> nāma puratopekkhanaṃ. Abhimukholokanañhi ‘‘ālokita’’nti vuccati. <span class="bld">Vilokita</span>nti anudisāpekkhanaṃ, yaṃ disābhimukhaṃ oloketi, tadanugatadisāpekkhananti attho. <span class="bld">Samiñjanaṃ</span> pabbasaṅkocanaṃ. <span class="bld">Pasāraṇañca</span> tesaṃyeva pasāraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Lokuttaradhammo</span>ti sesajanesu avijjamāno visiṭṭhadhammo. <span class="bld">Pemaṃ saṇṭhahī</span>ti pemaṃ patiṭṭhāsi, uppajjīti attho. <span class="bld">Vāṇijako ahosī</span>ti madhuvāṇijako ahosi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atīte kira tayo bhātaro madhuvāṇijakā ahesuṃ. Tesu kaniṭṭho madhuṃ vikkiṇāti, itare araññato āharanti. Tadā eko paccekabuddho paṇḍukarogāturo ahosi. Aparo pana paccekabuddho tadatthaṃ madhubhikkhāya caramāno nagaraṃ pāvisi. Paviṭṭhañca taṃ ekā kumbhadāsī udakaharaṇatthaṃ titthaṃ gacchamānā addasa. Disvā ca pucchitvā āgatakāraṇañca ñatvā ‘‘ettha, bhante, madhuvāṇijakā vasanti, tattha gacchathā’’ti hatthaṃ pasāretvā madhuāpaṇaṃ dassesi. So ca tattha agamāsi. Taṃ disvā kaniṭṭho madhuvāṇijo sañjātapītisomanasso ‘‘kenāgatāttha, bhante’’ti pucchitvā tamatthaṃ viditvā pattaṃ gahetvā madhuno pūretvā dadamāno pattapuṇṇaṃ madhuṃ uggantvā mukhato vissanditvā bhūmiyaṃ patamānaṃ disvā pasannamānaso ‘‘imināhaṃ, bhante, puññakammena jambudīpe ekarajjaṃ kareyyaṃ, āṇā ca me ākāse pathaviyañca yojanappamāṇe ṭhāne pharatū’’ti patthanamakāsi. Paccekabuddho ca ‘‘evaṃ hotu upāsakā’’ti vatvā gandhamādanaṃ gantvā paccekabuddhassa bhesajjamakāsi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kaniṭṭho <a name="V1.0116"></a> pana madhuvāṇijo madhuṃ datvā gehe nisinno itare araññato āgate disvā evamāha ‘‘tumhākaṃ bhātaro cittaṃ pasādetha, mamañca tumhākañca madhuṃ gahetvā īdisassa nāma paccekabuddhassa pattaṃ pūretvā adāsi’’nti. Tesu jeṭṭho kujjhitvā evamāha ‘‘caṇḍālāpi kāsāvanivāsino honti, nanu tava hatthato madhuṃ paṭiggahetvā gato caṇḍālo bhavissatī’’ti. Majjhimo pana kujjhitvā ‘‘tava paccekabuddhaṃ gahetvā parasamudde nikkhipāhī’’ti āha. Pacchā pana tepi dve bhātaro kaniṭṭhena vuccamānaṃ <a name="M1.0130"></a> dānānisaṃsapaṭisaṃyuttakathaṃ sutvā anumodiṃsuyeva. Sāpi ca kumbhadāsī ‘‘tassa madhudāyakassa aggamahesī bhaveyya’’nti patthanamakāsi. Tesu kaniṭṭho asoko dhammarājā ahosi, sā ca kumbhadāsī ativiya rūpasobhaggappattā asandhimittā nāma tassa aggamahesī ahosi. Parasamuddavādī pana majjhimo imasmiṃyeva tambapaṇṇidīpe devānaṃpiyatisso nāma mahānubhāvo rājā ahosi. Jeṭṭho pana caṇḍālavāditāya caṇḍālagāme jāto nigrodho nāma sāmaṇero ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘pubbe hi kira puññakaraṇakāle esa rañño jeṭṭhabhātā vāṇijako ahosī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pubbe va sannivāsenā</span>ti ettha (jā. aṭṭha. 2.2.174) gāthābandhavasena <span class="bld">vā</span>-saddassa rassattaṃ katanti veditabbaṃ, pubbe sannivāsena vāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha <span class="bld">pubbe</span>ti atītajātiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Sannivāsenā</span>ti sahavāsena. Sahasaddattho hi ayaṃ saṃsaddo. <span class="bld">Paccuppannahitena vā</span>ti paccuppanne vattamānabhave hitacaraṇena vā. Evaṃ imehi dvīhi kāraṇehi sinehasaṅkhātaṃ pemaṃ jāyate uppajjati. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – pemaṃ nāmetaṃ dvīhipi kāraṇehi jāyati, purimabhave mātā vā pitā vā dhītā vā putto vā bhātā vā bhaginī vā pati vā bhariyā vā sahāyo vā mitto vā hutvā yo yena saddhiṃ ekaṭṭhāne nivutthapubbo, tassa iminā pubbe vā sannivāsena bhavantarepi anubandhanto so sineho na vijahati, imasmiṃ attabhāve katena paccuppannena hitena vāti evaṃ imehi dvīhi kāraṇehi taṃ pemaṃ nāma jāyatīti. Kiṃ viyāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘uppalaṃ va yathodake’’</span>ti. Etthāpi <span class="bld">vā</span>-saddassa vuttanayeneva rassattaṃ katanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Avuttasampiṇḍanattho cettha vāsaddo. Tena padumādayo saṅgaṇhāti. <span class="bld">Yathā</span>-saddo upamāyaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā uppalañca sesañca padumādi udake jāyamānaṃ dve kāraṇāni nissāya jāyati udakañceva kalalañca, tathā etehi dvīhi kāraṇehi pemaṃ jāyatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Rañño hatthe</span>ti santikaṃ upagatassa rañño hatthe. <span class="bld">Rañño anurūpa</span>nti ekūnasatabhātukānaṃ ghātitattā caṇḍapakatitāya rajje ṭhitattā ca ‘‘pamādavihārī aya’’nti maññamāno tadanurūpaṃ dhammapade appamādavaggaṃ desetuṃ <a name="M1.0131"></a> ārabhi. Tattha (dha. pa. aṭṭha. 1.23) <span class="bld">appamādo</span>ti satiyā <a name="V1.0117"></a> avippavāso, niccaṃ upaṭṭhitāya satiyā etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Amatapada</span>nti amataṃ vuccati nibbānaṃ. Tañhi ajātattā na jīyati na mīyati, tasmā ‘‘amata’’nti vuccati. Amatassa padaṃ amatapadaṃ, amatassa adhigamupāyoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Pamādo</span>ti pamajjanabhāvo, muṭṭhassaccasaṅkhātassa satiyā vossaggassetaṃ nāmaṃ. <span class="bld">Maccuno</span>ti maraṇassa. <span class="bld">Pada</span>nti upāyo maggo. Pamatto hi jātiṃ nātivattati, jāto pana jīyati ceva mīyati cāti pamādo maccuno padaṃ nāma hoti, maraṇaṃ upanetīti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aññātaṃ tāta, pariyosāpehī</span>ti iminā ‘‘sadā appamādena hutvā vattitabbanti ettakeneva mayā ñātaṃ, tumhe dhammadesanaṃ niṭṭhapethā’’ti tasmiṃ dhamme attano paṭipajjitukāmataṃ dīpento dhammadesanāya pariyosānaṃ pāpetvā kathane ussāhaṃ janeti. Keci pana ‘‘abhāsīti ettha ‘bhāsissāmi vitakkemī’ti atthaṃ gahetvā ‘sabbaṃ appamādavaggaṃ bhāsissāmī’ti sallakkhitattā abhāsīti vuttaṃ, raññā pana aḍḍhagāthaṃ sutvāva ‘aññātaṃ tāta, pariyosāpehī’ti vuttattā ‘upari na kathesī’’’ti vadanti. ‘‘Taṃ pana yuttaṃ na hotī’’ti tīsupi <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Dhuvabhattānī</span>ti niccabhattāni. Vajjāvajjaṃ upanijjhāyatīti upajjhāyoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘vajjāvajjaṃ disvā codetā sāretā cā’’</span>ti. Tattha <span class="bld">vajjāvajja</span>nti khuddakaṃ mahantañca vajjaṃ. <span class="bld">Codetā</span>ti ‘‘idaṃ tayā dukkaṭaṃ, idaṃ dubbhāsita’’ntiādīni vatvā codetā. <span class="bld">Sāretā</span>ti attano vajjaṃ assarantassa satiṃ uppādetā, sammāpaṭipattiyaṃ vā sāretā, pavattetāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Evaṃ tayā buddhavacanaṃ sajjhāyitabbaṃ, evaṃ abhikkamitabbaṃ, evaṃ paṭikkamitabba’’ntiādinā ācārassa sikkhāpanato ācariyo nāmāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘imasmiṃ sāsane sikkhitabbakadhammesu patiṭṭhāpetā’’</span>ti. Tattha <span class="bld">sikkhitabbakadhammo</span> nāma sakalaṃ buddhavacanaṃ sīlādayo ca dhammā. <span class="bld">‘‘Pabbajjā ca upasampadā cā’’</span>ti idaṃ labbhamānavasena vuttaṃ<a name="M1.0132"></a>. <span class="bld">Ācariyupajjhāyāna</span>nti iminā pabbajjā upasampadā ca yojetabbā, <span class="bld">mama cā</span>ti iminā pana pabbajjāva. Tadā sāmaṇerabhūmiyaṃ ṭhitattā nigrodhassa bhāviniṃ vā upasampadaṃ sandhāya ubhayampi yojetabbaṃ. Saraṇagamanavasena pabbajjāsiddhito bhikkhusaṅghassapi pabbajjāya nissayabhāvo veditabbo. Bhaṇḍukammavasenapi nissayabhāvo labbhatevāti gahetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Divase divase vaḍḍhāpento</span>ti vuttanayeneva divase divase tato tato diguṇaṃ katvā vaḍḍhāpento. <span class="bld">Pothujjanikenā</span>ti puthujjanabhāvānurūpena. Nigrodhattherassa ānubhāvakittanādhikārattā pubbe vuttampi pacchā vattabbampi sampiṇḍetvā āha <span class="bld">‘‘puna rājā asokārāmaṃ nāma mahāvihāraṃ kāretvā’’</span>tiādi<a name="V1.0118"></a>. <span class="bld">Cetiyapaṭimaṇḍitānī</span>ti ettha cayitabbaṃ pūjetabbanti <span class="bld">cetiyaṃ,</span> iṭṭhakādīhi citattā vā cetiyaṃ, cetiyehi paṭimaṇḍitāni vibhūsitānīti cetiyapaṭimaṇḍitāni. <span class="bld">Dhammenā</span>ti dhammato anapetena.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vuttamevatthaṃ vitthārato vibhāvento āha <span class="bld">‘‘ekadivasaṃ kirā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Asokārāme mahādānaṃ datvā</span>ti ettha kate ārāme pacchā kārāpakassa rañño nāmavasena niruḷhaṃ nāmapaṇṇattiṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘asokārāme’’</span>ti. Keci pana ‘‘tasmiṃ divase rājā attano ghareyeva sabbaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ nisīdāpetvā bhojetvā imaṃ pañhaṃ pucchī’’ti vadanti. <span class="bld">Mahādānaṃ datvā</span>ti bhojetvā sabbaparikkhāradānavasena mahādānaṃ datvā. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">dīpavaṃse</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nivesanaṃ pavesetvā, nisīdāpetvāna āsane;</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yāguṃ nānāvidhaṃ khajjaṃ, bhojanañca mahārahaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Adāsi payatapāṇi, yāvadatthaṃ yadicchakaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhuttāvibhikkhusaṅghassa, onītapattapāṇino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ekamekassa bhikkhuno, adāsi yugasāṭakaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pādaabbhañjanaṃ telaṃ, chattañcāpi upāhanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sabbaṃ samaṇaparikkhāraṃ, adāsi phāṇitaṃ madhuṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Abhivādetvā <a name="M1.0133"></a> nisīdi, asokadhammo mahīpati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nisajja rājā pavāresi, bhikkhusaṅghassa paccayaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yāvatā bhikkhū icchanti, tāva demi yadicchakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha1">Santappetvā parikkhārena, pavāretvāna paccaye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tato apucchi gambhīraṃ, dhammakkhandhaṃ sudesita’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aṅgato, mahārāja, nava aṅgānī</span>tiādi moggaliputtatissattherena vuttanti vadanti. <span class="bld">Navakammādhiṭṭhāyakaṃ adāsī</span>ti caturāsītivihārasahassesu kattabbassa navakammassa adhiṭṭhāyakaṃ vidhāyakaṃ katvā adāsi. <span class="bld">Ekadivasameva sabbanagarehi paṇṇāni āgamiṃsū</span>ti sabbavihāresu kira rāhunā <a name="V1.0119"></a> candassa gahaṇadivase navakammaṃ ārabhitvā puna rāhunā candassa gahaṇadivaseyeva niṭṭhāpesuṃ, tasmā ekadivasameva paṇṇāni āgamiṃsūti vadanti. <span class="bld">Aṭṭha sīlaṅgānī</span>ti aṭṭha uposathaṅgasīlāni. <span class="bld">‘‘Sabbālaṅkāravibhūsitāyā’’</span>ti idaṃ asamādinnuposathaṅgānaṃ vasena vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Amaravatiyā rājadhāniyā</span>ti tāvatiṃsadevanagare. <span class="bld">Alaṅkatapaṭiyatta</span>nti alaṅkatakaraṇavasena sabbasajjitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Adhikaṃ kāraṃ <span class="bld">adhikāraṃ,</span> adhikaṃ kiriyanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Lokavivaraṇaṃ nāma pāṭihāriyaṃ akaṃsū</span>ti ettha anekasahassasaṅkhyassa okāsalokassa tannivāsīsattalokassa ca vivaṭabhāvakaraṇapāṭihāriyaṃ lokavivaraṇaṃ nāma. Taṃ pana karonto iddhimā andhakāraṃ vā ālokaṃ karoti, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivaṭaṃ, anāpāthaṃ vā āpāthaṃ karoti. Kathaṃ? Ayañhi yathā paṭicchannopi dūre ṭhitopi attā vā paro vā dissati, evaṃ attānaṃ vā paraṃ vā pākaṭaṃ kātukāmo pādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya ‘‘idaṃ andhakāraṭṭhānaṃ ālokajātaṃ hotū’’ti vā ‘‘idaṃ paṭicchannaṃ vivaṭaṃ hotū’’ti vā ‘‘idaṃ anāpāthaṃ āpāthaṃ hotū’’ti vā āvajjetvā puna pādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya adhiṭṭhāti. Saha adhiṭṭhānena yathādhiṭṭhitameva hoti. Apare dūre ṭhitāpi passanti, sayampi passitukāmo passati bhagavā viya devorohaṇe. Bhagavā hi devaloke abhidhammadesanaṃ niṭṭhapetvā saṅkassanagaraṃ otaranto sinerumuddhani ṭhatvā puratthimaṃ lokadhātuṃ olokesi, anekāni cakkavāḷasahassāni vivaṭāni viya hutvā ekaṅgaṇaṃ <a name="M1.0134"></a> viya hutvā pakāsiṃsu. Yathā ca puratthimena, evaṃ pacchimenapi uttarenapi dakkhiṇenapi sabbaṃ vivaṭamaddasa. Heṭṭhāpi yāva avīci upari ca yāva akaniṭṭhabhavanaṃ, tāva addasa. Manussāpi deve passanti, devāpi manusse. Tattha neva manussā uddhaṃ ullokenti, na devā adho olokenti, sabbe sammukhasammukhāva aññamaññaṃ passanti, taṃ divasaṃ lokavivaraṇaṃ nāma ahosi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica tambapaṇṇidīpe taḷaṅgaravāsī dhammadinnattheropi imaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ akāsi. So kira ekadivasaṃ tissamahāvihāre cetiyaṅgaṇamhi nisīditvā ‘‘tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu apaṇṇakapaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hotī’’ti <span class="bld">apaṇṇakasuttaṃ</span> (a. ni. 3.16) kathento heṭṭhāmukhaṃ bījaniṃ akāsi, yāva avīcito ekaṅgaṇaṃ ahosi, tato uparimukhaṃ akāsi, yāva brahmalokā ekaṅgaṇaṃ ahosi. Thero nirayabhayena tajjetvā saggasukhena ca palobhetvā dhammaṃ desesi. Keci sotāpannā ahesuṃ, keci sakadāgāmī anāgāmī arahantoti evaṃ tasmiṃ divasepi lokavivaraṇaṃ nāma ahosi. Ime pana bhikkhū yathā <a name="V1.0120"></a> asoko dhammarājā asokārāme ṭhito catuddisā anuvilokento samantato samuddapariyantaṃ jambudīpaṃ passati, caturāsīti ca vihārasahassāni uḷārāya vihāramahapūjāya virocamānāni, evaṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā lokavivaraṇaṃ nāma pāṭihāriyaṃ akaṃsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vihāramahapūjāyā</span>ti vihāramahasaṅkhātāya pūjāya. <span class="bld">Vibhūti</span>nti sampattiṃ. <span class="bld">Evarūpaṃ pītipāmojja</span>nti īdisaṃ pariccāgamūlakaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ. <span class="bld">Moggaliputtatissattherassa bhāramakāsī</span>ti therassa mahānubhāvattā ‘‘uttaripi ce kathetabbaṃ atthi, tampi soyeva kathessatī’’ti maññamāno bhikkhusaṅgho raññā pucchitapañhassa visajjanaṃ therassa bhāramakāsi. <span class="bld">Sāsanassa dāyādo homi, na homī</span>ti sāsanassa ñātako abbhantaro homi, na homīti attho. Yesaṃ sāsane pabbajitā puttadhītaro na santi, na te sāsane kattabbakiccaṃ attano bhāraṃ katvā vahantīti imamatthaṃ sandhāya thero evamāha <span class="bld">‘‘na kho, mahārāja, ettāvatā sāsanassa dāyādo hotī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Kathañcarahi, bhante, sāsanassa dāyādo hotī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">carahī</span>ti nipāto akkhantiṃ <a name="M1.0135"></a> dīpeti. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yadi evarūpaṃ pariccāgaṃ katvāpi sāsanassa dāyādo na hoti, aññaṃ kiṃ nāma katvā hotīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tissakumārassa pabbajitakālato pabhutī</span>ti yadā ca tissakumāro pabbajito, yena ca kāraṇena pabbajito, taṃ sabbaṃ vitthārato uttari āvi bhavissati. <span class="bld">Sakkhasī</span>ti sakkhissasi. <span class="bld">Pāmojjajāto</span>ti sañjātapāmojjo. <span class="bld">Puttānaṃ manaṃ labhitvā</span>ti ettha puttīpi sāmaññato puttasaddena vuttāti veditabbā, putto ca dhītā ca puttāti evaṃ ekasesanayena vā evaṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Dhītusaddena saha payujjamāno hi puttasaddo ekova avasissati, dhītusaddo nivattatīti saddasatthavidū vadanti. <span class="bld">Sikkhāya patiṭṭhāpesu</span>nti tasmiṃyeva sīmamaṇḍale sikkhāsammutiṃ datvā pāṇātipātāveramaṇiādīsu vikālabhojanāveramaṇipariyosānāsu chasu sikkhāsu samādapanavasena sikkhāya patiṭṭhāpesuṃ. Saṭṭhivassāyapi hi sāmaṇeriyā ‘‘pāṇātipātāveramaṇiṃ dve vassāni avītikkamma samādānaṃ samādiyāmī’’tiādinā (pāci. 1078-1079) cha sikkhāyo samādiyitvā sikkhitabbāyeva. Na hi etāsu chasu sikkhāpadesu dve vassāni asikkhitasikkhaṃ sāmaṇeriṃ upasampādetuṃ vaṭṭati. Cha vassāni abhisekassa assāti <span class="bld">chabbassābhiseko,</span> abhisekato paṭṭhāya atikkantachavassoti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sabbaṃ theravāda</span>nti dve saṅgītiyo āruḷhā pāḷiyevettha ‘‘theravādo’’ti veditabbā. Sā hi <a name="V1.0121"></a> mahākassapapabhutīnaṃ mahātherānaṃ vādattā ‘‘theravādo’’ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Kontaputtatissatthero</span>ti ettha kontasakuṇiyo nāma kinnarajātiyo. ‘‘Tāsu ekissā kucchiyaṃ sayito manussajātiko raññā posito kontaputtatissatthero nāmā’’ti tīsupi <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Mahāvaṃse</span>pi cetaṃ vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pure pāṭaliputtamhā, vane vanacaro caraṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kontakinnariyā saddhiṃ, saṃvāsaṃ kira kappayi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tena saṃvāsamanvāya, sā putte janayī duve;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tisso jeṭṭho kaniṭṭho tu, sumitto nāma nāmato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Mahāvaruṇattherassa<a name="M1.0136"></a>, kāle pabbaji santike;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu, chaḷabhiññāguṇaṃ ubho’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci pana evaṃ vadanti ‘‘kontā nāma kaṭṭhavāhanarañño vaṃse jātā ekā rājadhītā. Taṃ garuḷayantena araññagataṃ eko vanacarako ānetvā tāya saddhiṃ saṃvāsaṃ kappesi. Sā tassa ubho putte vijāyi. Tatrāyaṃ jeṭṭhako mātunāmena kontaputto nāma jāto’’ti. Kaṭṭhavāhanarañño kira nagare sabbepi vibhavasampannā nadīpabbatakīḷādīsu garuḷasakuṇasadisaṃ yantaṃ kāretvā kaṭṭhavāhanarājā viya garuḷavāhanena vicaranti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Byādhipaṭikammatthaṃ bhikkhācāravattena āhiṇḍanto pasatamattaṃ sappiṃ alabhitvā</span>ti tadā kira jeṭṭhassa kontaputtatissattherassa kucchivāto samuṭṭhāsi. Taṃ bāḷhāya dukkhavedanāya pīḷitaṃ kaniṭṭho sumitto nāma thero disvā ‘‘kimettha, bhante, laddhuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti pucchi. Tissatthero, ‘‘āvuso, pasatamattaṃ sappiṃ laddhuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti vatvā rañño nivedanaṃ tassa gilānapaccayaṃ pacchābhattaṃ sappiatthāya caraṇañca paṭikkhipitvā ‘‘bhikkhācāravelāyameva piṇḍāya carantena tayā yadi sakkā laddhuṃ, evaṃ vicaritvā yaṃ laddhaṃ, taṃ āharā’’ti āha. Kaniṭṭhopi vuttanayeneva bhikkhācāravattena caranto pasatamattampi sappiṃ nālattha. So pana kucchivāto balavataro sappighaṭasatenapi vūpasametuṃ asakkuṇeyyo ahosi. Thero teneva byādhibalena kālamakāsi. Keci pana ‘‘vicchikanāmakena kīṭavisena ḍaṭṭho thero tassa visavegena adhimattāya <a name="V1.0122"></a> dukkhavedanāya samannāgato taṃ vūpasametuṃ vuttanayeneva pasatamattaṃ sappiṃ alabhitvā parinibbuto’’ti vadanti. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">mahāvaṃse</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pāde kīṭavisenāsi, ḍaṭṭho jeṭṭho savedano;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Āha puṭṭho kaniṭṭhena, bhesajjaṃ pasataṃ ghataṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Rañño nivedanaṃ thero, gilānapaccayepi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sappiatthañca caraṇaṃ, pacchābhattaṃ paṭikkhipi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Piṇḍāya <a name="M1.0137"></a> ce caraṃ sappiṃ, labhase tvaṃ tamāhara;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Iccāha tissatthero so, sumittaṃ theramuttamaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Piṇḍāya caratā tena, na laddhaṃ pasataṃ ghataṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sappikumbhasatenāpi, byādhi jāto asādhiyo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Teneva byādhinā thero, patto āyukkhayantikaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ovaditvappamādena, nibbātuṃ mānasaṃ akā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ākāsamhi nisīditvā, tejodhātuvasena so;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yathāruci adhiṭṭhāya, sarīraṃ parinibbuto.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Jālā sarīrā nikkhamma, nimaṃsachārikaṃ ḍahi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Therassa sakalaṃ kāyaṃ, aṭṭhikāni tu no ḍahī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Appamādena ovaditvā</span>ti ‘‘amhādisānampi evaṃ paccayā dullabhā, tumhe labhamānesu paccayesu appamajjitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karothā’’ti evaṃ appamādena ovaditvā. <span class="bld">Pallaṅkenā</span>ti samantato ūrubaddhāsanena. Itthambhūtalakkhaṇe cetaṃ karaṇavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā</span>ti tejodhātukasiṇārammaṇaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā. <span class="bld">Therassa sakkāraṃ katvā</span>ti therassa dhātusakkāraṃ katvā. <span class="bld">Catūsu dvāresu pokkharaṇiyo kārāpetvā bhesajjassa pūrāpetvā</span>ti ekasmiṃ dvāre catasso pokkharaṇiyo <a name="V1.0123"></a> kārāpetvā tattha ekaṃ pokkharaṇiṃ sappissa pūrāpetvā ekaṃ madhuno, ekaṃ phāṇitassa, ekaṃ sakkarāya pūrāpesi. Sesadvāresupi evameva kārāpesīti vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sabhāyaṃ satasahassa</span>nti nagaramajjhe vinicchayasālāyaṃ satasahassaṃ. Iminā sakalanagarato samuṭṭhitaṃ āyaṃ nidasseti. <span class="bld">Pañcasatasahassāni rañño uppajjantī</span>ti ca raṭṭhato uppajjanakaṃ āyaṃ ṭhapetvā vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Tato</span>ti yathāvuttapañcasatasahassato. <span class="bld">Nigrodhattherassa devasikaṃ satasahassaṃ visajjesī</span>ti kathaṃ pana therassa satasahassaṃ visajjesi? Rājā kira divasassa tikkhattuṃ sāṭake parivattento ‘‘therassa cīvaraṃ nīta’’nti pucchitvā ‘‘āma nīta’’nti sutvāva parivatteti. Theropi divasassa tikkhattuṃ ticīvaraṃ parivatteti. Tassa hi ticīvaraṃ hatthikkhandhe ṭhapetvā pañcahi ca <a name="M1.0138"></a> gandhasamuggasatehi pañcahi ca mālāsamuggasatehi saddhiṃ pātova āharīyittha, tathā divā ceva sāyañca. Theropi na bhaṇḍikaṃ bandhitvā ṭhapesi, sampattasabrahmacārīnaṃ adāsi. Tadā kira jambudīpe bhikkhusaṅghassa yebhuyyena nigrodhattherasseva santakaṃ cīvaraṃ ahosi. Evaṃ therassa divase divase satasahassaṃ visajjesi. <span class="bld">Uḷāro lābhasakkāro</span>ti ettha labbhati pāpuṇīyatīti lābho, catunnaṃ paccayānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Sakkaccaṃ kātabbo dātabboti sakkāro, cattāro paccayāyeva. Paccayā eva hi paṇītapaṇītā sundarasundarā abhisaṅkharitvā katā ‘‘sakkāro’’ti vuccanti. Atha vā parehi kātabbagāravakiriyā pupphādīhi pūjā vā sakkāro.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Diṭṭhigatānī</span>ti ettha diṭṭhiyeva diṭṭhigataṃ ‘‘gūthagataṃ muttagataṃ (ma. ni. 2.119), saṅkhāragata’’ntiādīsu (mahāni. 41) viya. Gantabbābhāvato vā diṭṭhiyā gatamattaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ, diṭṭhiyā gahaṇamattanti attho. Diṭṭhippakāro vā diṭṭhigataṃ, diṭṭhibhedoti vuttaṃ hoti. Lokiyā hi vidhayuttagatappakārasadde samānatthe icchanti. <span class="bld">Na kho panetaṃ sakkā imesaṃ majjhe vasantena vūpasametu</span>nti tesañhi majjhe vasanto tesuyeva antogadhattā ādeyyavacano na hoti, tasmā evaṃ cintesi. Tadā tasmiṃ ṭhāne vasantassa sukhavihārābhāvato taṃ pahāya icchitabbasukhavihāramattaṃ gahetvā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘attanā phāsukavihārena viharitukāmo’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Ahogaṅgapabbata</span>nti evaṃnāmakaṃ pabbataṃ. <span class="bld">Dhammena vinayena satthusāsanenā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">dhammo</span>ti bhūtaṃ vatthu. <span class="bld">Vinayo</span>ti codanā sāraṇā ca. <span class="bld">Satthusāsana</span>nti ñattisampadā anusāvanasampadā ca, tasmā bhūtena vatthunā codetvā sāretvā ñattisampadāya anusāvanasampadāya ca ukkhepanīyādikammavasena niggayhamānāpīti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Abbudaṃ</span> thenanaṭṭhena, <span class="bld">malaṃ</span> kiliṭṭhabhāvakaraṇaṭṭhena, <span class="bld">kaṇṭakaṃ</span> vijjhanaṭṭhena. <span class="bld">Aggiṃ paricarantī</span>ti aggihuttakā viya aggiṃ pūjenti<a name="V1.0124"></a>. <span class="bld">Pañcātape tappantī</span>ti catūsu ṭhānesu aggiṃ katvā majjhe ṭhatvā sūriyātapena tappanti. <span class="bld">Ādiccaṃ anuparivattantī</span>ti udayakālato pabhuti sūriyaṃ olokayamānā yāvatthaṅgamanā sūriyābhimukhāva parivattanti. <span class="bld">Vobhindissāmāti paggaṇhiṃsū</span>ti vināsessāmāti ussāhamakaṃsu. <span class="bld">Avisahanto</span>ti asakkonto.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sattadivasena</span> <a name="M1.0139"></a> <span class="bld">rajjaṃ sampaṭicchā</span>ti sattadivase rajjasukhaṃ tāva anubhava. <span class="bld">Tamatthaṃ saññāpesī</span>ti kukkuccāyitamatthaṃ bodhesi. Kathaṃ saññāpesīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘so kirā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Cittarūpa</span>nti cittānurūpaṃ, yathākāmanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Kissā</span>ti kena kāraṇena. <span class="bld">Are tvaṃ nāma paricchinnamaraṇa</span>nti sattahi divasehi paricchinnamaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Vissattho</span>ti nirāsaṅkacitto, maraṇasaṅkārahito nibbhayoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Assāsapassāsanibaddhaṃ maraṇaṃ pekkhamānā</span>ti ‘‘aho vatāhaṃ tadantaraṃ jīveyyaṃ, yadantaraṃ assasitvā passasāmi passasitvā vā assasāmi, bhagavato sāsanaṃ manasi kareyyaṃ, bahu vata me kataṃ assā’’ti evaṃ maraṇassatiyā anuyuñjanato assāsapassāsappavattikālapaṭibaddhaṃ maraṇaṃ pekkhamānā. Tattha <span class="bld">assāso</span>ti bahinikkhamananāsavāto. <span class="bld">Passāso</span>ti antopavisanavāto. Vuttavipariyāyenapi vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Migavaṃ nikkhamitvā</span>ti migamāraṇatthāya ‘‘araññe migapariyesanaṃ carissāmī’’ti nikkhamitvā. Tattha <span class="bld">migava</span>nti migānaṃ vānanato hesanato bādhanato ‘‘migava’’nti laddhasamaññaṃ migavaṃ. <span class="bld">Yonakamahādhammarakkhitatthera</span>nti yonakavisaye jātaṃ idhāgantvā pabbajitaṃ dhammarakkhitanāmadheyyaṃ mahātheraṃ. <span class="bld">Hatthināgenā</span>ti mahāhatthinā. Mahantapariyāyopi hi nāgasaddoti vadanti. Ahināgādito vā visesanatthaṃ ‘‘hatthināgenā’’ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Tassāsayaṃ</span> tassa ajjhāsayaṃ. <span class="bld">Tassa passantassevā</span>ti anādare sāmivacanaṃ, tasmiṃ passanteyevāti attho. <span class="bld">Ākāse uppatitvā</span>ti ettha ayaṃ vikubbaniddhi na hotīti gihissapi imaṃ iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ dassesi. Sā hi ‘‘pakativaṇṇaṃ vijahitvā kumārakavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti nāgavaṇṇaṃ vā, vividhampi senābyūhaṃ dassetī’’ti evaṃ āgatā iddhi pakativaṇṇavijahanavikāravasena pavattattā vikubbaniddhi nāma. Adhiṭṭhāniddhiyā pana paṭikkhepo natthi. Tathā ca vakkhati <span class="bld">khuddakavatthukkhandhakavaṇṇanāyaṃ</span> (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 252) ‘‘iddhipāṭihāriyanti ettha vikubbaniddhipāṭihāriyaṃ paṭikkhittaṃ, adhiṭṭhāniddhi pana appaṭikkhittāti veditabbā’’ti. <span class="bld">Laggetvā</span>ti ākāse kāyabandhanaṃ pasāretvā tattha cīvaraṃ laggetvā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Chaṇavesa</span>nti <a name="M1.0140"></a> tuṭṭhijananavesaṃ, ussavavesanti attho. <span class="bld">Paṭiyādesu</span>nti ‘‘āgatakāle cīvarādīnaṃ <a name="V1.0125"></a> pariyesanaṃ bhāriya’’nti paṭhamameva pattacīvarāni sampādesuṃ. <span class="bld">Padhānaghara</span>nti bhāvanānuyogavasena vīriyārambhassa anurūpaṃ vivittasenāsanaṃ. <span class="bld">Sopī</span>ti rañño bhāgineyyaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Anupabbajito</span>ti uḷāravibhavena khattiyajanena anugantvā pabbajito. <span class="bld">Gantvā</span>ti iddhiyā gantvā. <span class="bld">Kusalādhippāyo</span>ti manāpajjhāsayo. <span class="bld">Dveḷhakajāto</span>ti ‘‘ime bhikkhū na ekamaggena kathentī’’ti saṃsayamāpanno. <span class="bld">Ekekaṃ bhikkhusahassaparivāra</span>nti ekekassa ekekasahassaparicchinnaṃ bhikkhuparivārañca. <span class="bld">Gaṇhitvā āgacchathā</span>ti vuttepi ‘‘sāsanaṃ paggaṇhituṃ samattho’’ti vuttattā therā bhikkhū ‘‘dhammakamma’’nti maññamānā gatā. Īdisesu hi ṭhānesu kukkuccaṃ na kātabbaṃ. Kappiyasāsanañhetaṃ na gihikammapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Thero nāgacchī</span>ti kiñcāpi ‘‘rājā pakkosatī’’ti vuttepi dhammakammatthāya āgantuṃ vaṭṭati, dvikkhattuṃ pana pesitepi na āgato kira. Thero hi sabbattha vikhyātavasena sambhāvanuppattito sambhāvitassa ca uddhaṃ kattabbakiccasiddhito asāruppavacanalesena na āgacchīti. <span class="bld">Mahallako nu kho bhante thero</span>ti kiñcāpi rājā theraṃ diṭṭhapubbo, nāmaṃ pana sallakkhetuṃ asakkonto evaṃ pucchīti vadanti. <span class="bld">Vayha</span>nti upari maṇḍapasadisaṃ padaracchannaṃ, sabbapaliguṇṭhimaṃ vā chādetvā kataṃ sakaṭavisesaṃ vayhanti vadanti. <span class="bld">Nāvāsaṅghāṭaṃ bandhitvā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">nāvā</span>ti poto. So hi orato pāraṃ patati gacchatīti poto, satte netīti nāvāti ca vuccati. Ekato saṅghaṭitā nāvā nāvāsaṅghāṭaṃ, tathā taṃ bandhitvāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sāsanapaccatthikānaṃ bahubhāvato āha <span class="bld">‘‘ārakkhaṃ saṃvidhāyā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Ya</span>nti yasmā, yena kāraṇenāti attho. ‘‘Āguṃ na karotīti nāgo’’ti (cūḷava. mettagūmāṇavapūcchāniddesa 27) vacanato pāpakaraṇābhāvato samaṇo idha nāgo nāmāti maññamānā <span class="bld">‘‘eko taṃ mahārāja samaṇanāgo dakkhiṇahatthe gaṇhissatī’’</span>ti byākariṃsu. <span class="bld">Abbāhiṃsū</span>ti ākaḍḍhiṃsu. ‘‘Rañño hatthaggahaṇaṃ līḷāvasena kataṃ viya hotīti kasmātiādicodanaṃ kata’’nti vadanti. <span class="bld">Bāhirato</span>ti uyyānassa bāhirato. Passantānaṃ atidukkaraṃ hutvā paññāyatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘padesapathavīkampanaṃ dukkara’’</span>nti. Adhiṭṭhāne panettha visuṃ dukkaratā nāma natthi. <span class="bld">Sīmaṃ akkamitvā</span>ti antosīmaṃ sīmāya <a name="M1.0141"></a> abbhantaraṃ akkamitvā. <span class="bld">Abhiññāpādaka</span>nti abhiññāya patiṭṭhābhūtaṃ. Vikubbaniddhiyā eva paṭikkhittattā pathavīcalanaṃ adhiṭṭhahi. <span class="bld">Rathassa antosīmāya ṭhito pādova calī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">pādo</span>ti rathacakkaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tañhi rathassa gamanakiccasādhanato pādasadisattā idha ‘‘pādo’’ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Sakkhatī</span>ti sakkhissati. <span class="bld">Etamattha</span>nti vinā cetanāya pāpassa asambhavasaṅkhātaṃ atthaṃ. <span class="bld">Cetanāha</span>nti ettha ‘‘cetanaṃ aha’’nti padacchedo kātabbo. <span class="bld">Cetayitvā</span>ti cetanaṃ pavattayitvā. <span class="bld">Dīpakatittiro</span>ti attano nisinnabhāvassa dīpanato evaṃladdhanāmo <a name="V1.0126"></a> tittiro. Yaṃ araññaṃ netvā sākuṇiko tassa saddena āgatāgate tittire gaṇhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tāpasaṃ pucchī</span>ti atīte kira ekasmiṃ paccantagāme eko sākuṇiko ekaṃ dīpakatittiraṃ gahetvā suṭṭhu sikkhāpetvā pañjare pakkhipitvā paṭijaggati. So taṃ araññaṃ netvā tassa saddena āgatāgate tittire gaṇhāti. Tittiro ‘‘maṃ nissāya bahū mama ñātakā nassanti, mayhetaṃ pāpa’’nti nissaddo ahosi. So tassa nissaddabhāvaṃ ñatvā veḷupesikāya taṃ sīse paharati. Tittiro dukkhāturatāya saddaṃ karoti. Evaṃ so sākuṇiko taṃ nissāya tittire gahetvā jīvikaṃ kappesi. Atha so tittiro cintesi ‘‘ime marantūti mayhaṃ cetanā natthi, paṭicca kammaṃ pana maṃ phusati. Mayi saddaṃ akaronte hi ete nāgacchanti, karonteyevāgacchanti, āgatāgate ayaṃ gahetvā jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpeti, atthi nu kho ettha mayhaṃ pāpaṃ, natthī’’ti. So tato paṭṭhāya ‘‘ko nu kho me imaṃ kaṅkhaṃ chindeyyā’’ti tathārūpaṃ paṇḍitaṃ upadhārento carati. Athekadivasaṃ so sākuṇiko bahuke tittire gahetvā pacchiṃ pūretvā ‘‘pānīyaṃ pivissāmī’’ti bodhisattassa tāpasapabbajjāya pabbajitvā jhānābhiññāyo nibbattetvā araññe vasantassa assamaṃ gantvā taṃ pañjaraṃ bodhisattassa santike ṭhapetvā pānīyaṃ pivitvā vālikātale nipanno niddaṃ okkami. Tittiro tassa niddamokkantabhāvaṃ ñatvā ‘‘mama kaṅkhaṃ imaṃ tāpasaṃ pucchissāmi, jānanto me kathessatī’’ti pañjare nisinnoyeva –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ñātako no nisinnoti, bahu āgacchate jano;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paṭicca kammaṃ phusati, tasmiṃ me saṅkate mano’’ti. (jā. 1.4.75) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Tāpasaṃ <a name="M1.0142"></a> pucchi. Tassattho (jā. aṭṭha. 3.75) – bhante, sacāhaṃ saddaṃ na kareyyaṃ, ayaṃ tittirajano na āgaccheyya, mayi pana saddaṃ karonte ‘‘ñātako no nisinno’’ti ayaṃ bahujano āgacchati, taṃ āgatāgataṃ luddo gahetvā jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpento maṃ paṭicca maṃ nissāya etaṃ pāṇātipātakammaṃ phusati paṭilabhati vindati, tasmiṃ maṃ paṭicca kate pāpe ‘‘mama nu kho etaṃ pāpa’’nti evaṃ me mano saṅkati parisaṅkati kukkuccaṃ āpajjatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Na paṭicca kammaṃ phusatī</span>tiādikāya pana tāpasena vuttagāthāya ayamattho – yadi tava pāpakiriyāya mano na padussati, tanninno tappoṇo na hoti, evaṃ sante luddena taṃ paṭicca katampi <a name="V1.0127"></a> pāpakammaṃ taṃ na phusati na allīyati. Pāpakiriyāya hi appossukkassa nirālayassa bhadrassa parisuddhassa sato tava pāṇātipātacetanāya abhāvā taṃ pāpaṃ na upalimpati, tava cittaṃ na allīyatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Samayaṃ uggaṇhāpesī</span>ti attano sammāsambuddhassa laddhiṃ uggaṇhāpesi. <span class="bld">Sāṇipākāraṃ parikkhipāpetvā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">sāṇipākāra</span>nti karaṇatthe upayogavacanaṃ, attānañca therañca yathā te bhikkhū na passanti, evaṃ sāṇipākārena samantato parikkhipāpetvāti attho, sāṇipākāraṃ vā samantato parikkhipāpetvāti evamettha attho gahetabbo. <span class="bld">Sāṇipākārantare</span>ti sāṇipākārassa abbhantare. <span class="bld">Ekaladdhike</span>ti samānaladdhike. Kiṃ vadati sīlenāti <span class="bld">kiṃvādī</span>. Atha vā ko katamo vādo kiṃvādo, so etassa atthīti <span class="bld">kiṃvādī</span>. Sassataṃ attānañca lokañca vadanti paññapenti sīlenāti <span class="bld">sassatavādino</span>. Atha vā vadanti etenāti vādo, diṭṭhiyā etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Sassato vādo sassatavādo, so etesaṃ atthīti <span class="bld">sassatavādino,</span> sassatadiṭṭhinoti attho. Atha sassato vādo etesamatthīti kasmā vuttaṃ, tesañhi attā loko ca sassatoti adhippeto, na vādoti? Saccametaṃ. Sassatasahacaritatāya pana vādopi sassatoti vutto yathā ‘‘kuntā pacarantī’’ti. Sassatoti vādo etesanti vā itisaddalopo daṭṭhabbo. Ye rūpādīsu aññataraṃ attāti ca lokoti ca gahetvā taṃ sassataṃ amataṃ niccaṃ dhuvaṃ paññapenti, te sassatavādinoti veditabbā. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">niddese paṭisambhidāyañca</span> –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Rūpaṃ <a name="M1.0143"></a> attā ceva loko ca sassato cāti attānañca lokañca paññapenti. Vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ attā ceva loko ca sassato cāti attānañca lokañca paññapentī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayañca attho ‘‘rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassatī’’ti imissā pañcavidhāya sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā vasena vutto. ‘‘Rūpavantaṃ attāna’’ntiādikāya pana pañcadasavidhāya sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā vasena cattāro cattāro khandhe ‘‘attā’’ti gahetvā tadañño lokoti paññapentīti ayañca attho labbhati. Tathā ekaṃ khandhaṃ ‘‘attā’’ti gahetvā añño attano upabhogabhūto lokoti, sasantatipatite vā khandhe ‘‘attā’’ti gahetvā tadañño lokoti paññapentīti evamettha attho veditabbo. Sattesu saṅkhāresu vā ekaccaṃ sassataṃ etassāti ekaccasassato, ekaccasassatavādo. So etesamatthīti <span class="bld">ekaccasassatikā,</span> ekaccasassatavādino. Te duvidhā honti sattekaccasassatikā saṅkhārekaccasassatikāti<a name="V1.0128"></a>. Tattha ‘‘issaro nicco, aññe sattā aniccā’’ti evaṃ pavattavādā <span class="bld">sattekaccasassatikā</span> seyyathāpi issaravādā. ‘‘Nicco brahmā, aññe sattā aniccā’’ti evaṃ pavattavādāpi sattekaccasassatikāti veditabbā. ‘‘Paramāṇavo niccā, dviaṇukādayo aniccā’’ti evaṃ pavattavādā <span class="bld">saṅkhārekaccasassatikā</span> seyyathāpi kaṇādavādādayo. ‘‘Cakkhādayo aniccā, viññāṇaṃ nicca’’nti evaṃvādinopi saṅkhārekaccasassatikāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ‘‘ekacce dhammā sassatā, ekacce asassatā’’ti etasmiṃ vāde cakkhādīnaṃ asassatabhāvasanniṭṭhānaṃ yathāsabhāvāvabodho eva, tayidaṃ kathaṃ micchādassananti? Ko vā evamāha – ‘‘cakkhādīnaṃ asassatabhāvasanniṭṭhānaṃ micchādassana’’nti, asassatesuyeva pana kesañci dhammānaṃ sassatabhāvābhiniveso idha micchādassanaṃ. Tena pana ekavāre pavattamānena cakkhādīnaṃ asassatabhāvāvabodho vidūsito saṃsaṭṭhabhāvato, visasaṃsaṭṭho viya sabbo sappimaṇḍo sakiccakaraṇāsamatthatāya sammādassanapakkhe <a name="M1.0144"></a> ṭhapetabbataṃ nārahatīti. Asassatabhāvena nicchitāpi vā cakkhuādayo samāropitajīvasabhāvā eva diṭṭhigatikehi gayhantīti tadavabodhassa micchādassanabhāvo na sakkā nivāretuṃ. Evañca katvā asaṅkhatāya ca saṅkhatāya ca dhātuyā vasena yathākkamaṃ ekacce dhammā sassatā, ekacce asassatāti evaṃ pavatto vibhajjavādopi ekaccasassatavādo āpajjatīti evaṃpakārā codanā anavakāsā hoti aviparītadhammasabhāvasampaṭipattibhāvato. Kāmañcettha purimasassatavādepi asassatānaṃ dhammānaṃ sassatāti gahaṇaṃ visesato micchādassanaṃ, sassatānaṃ pana sassatāti gāho na micchādassanaṃ yathāsabhāvaggahaṇabhāvato. Asassatesuyeva pana kecideva dhammā sassatāti gahetabbadhammesu vibhāgappavattiyā imassa vādassa vādantaratā vuttā. Na cettha samudāyantogadhattā ekadesassa sappadesasassataggāho nippadesasassataggāhe samodhānaṃ gacchatīti sakkā vattuṃ vāditabbisayavisesavasena vādadvayassa pavattattā. Aññe eva hi diṭṭhigatikā ‘‘sabbe dhammā sassatā’’ti abhiniviṭṭhā, aññe ekaccasassatāti saṅkhārānaṃ anavasesapariyādānaṃ ekadesapariggaho ca vādadvayassa paribyattoyevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Antānantikā</span>ti ettha amati gacchati ettha sabhāvo osānanti anto, mariyādā. Tappaṭisedhena ananto. Kassa panāyaṃ antānantoti? Lokīyati saṃsāranissaraṇatthikehi diṭṭhigatikehi, lokīyati vā ettha tehi puññāpuññaṃ tabbipāko cāti lokoti saṅkhyaṃ gatassa paṭibhāganimittādisabhāvassa attano. Anto ca ananto ca antānanto ca nevantanānanto cāti antānanto sāmaññaniddesena, ekasesena vā ‘‘nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatana’’ntiādīsu <a name="V1.0129"></a> viya. Antānantasahacarito vādo antānanto yathā ‘‘kuntā pacarantī’’ti. Antānantasannissayo vā yathā ‘‘mañcā ukkuṭṭhiṃ karontī’’ti. So etesamatthīti antānantikā, antānantavādino. ‘‘Antavā ayaṃ loko, ananto ayaṃ loko, antavā ca ayaṃ loko ananto ca, nevāyaṃ loko antavā na panānanto’’ti evaṃ antaṃ vā anantaṃ vā antānantaṃ vā nevantanānantaṃ vā ārabbha pavattavādāti attho. Catubbidhā <a name="M1.0145"></a> hi antānantavādino antavādī anantavādī antānantavādī nevantanānantavādīti. Tathā hi koci paṭibhāganimittaṃ cakkavāḷapariyantaṃ avaḍḍhetvā taṃ ‘‘loko’’ti gahetvā antasaññī lokasmiṃ hoti. Cakkavāḷapariyantaṃ katvā vaḍḍhitakasiṇe pana anantasaññī hoti. Uddhamadho avaḍḍhetvā pana tiriyaṃ vaḍḍhetvā uddhamadho antasaññī tiriyaṃ anantasaññī hoti. Koci pana yasmā lokasaññito attā adhigatavisesehi mahesīhi kadāci ananto sakkhidiṭṭho anusuyyati, tasmā nevantavā. Yasmā pana tehiyeva kadāci antavā sakkhidiṭṭho anusuyyati, tasmā na pana anantoti evaṃ nevantanānantasaññī lokasmiṃ hoti. Keci pana yadi panāyaṃ attā antavāsiyā, dūradese upapajjamānānussaraṇādikiccanipphatti na siyā. Atha ananto idha ṭhitassa devalokanirayādīsu sukhadukkhānubhavanampi siyā. Sace pana antavā ca ananto ca, tadubhayapaṭisedhadosasamāyogo, tasmā antavā anantoti ca abyākaraṇīyo attāti evaṃ takkanavasena nevantanānantasaññī hotīti vaṇṇayanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca yuttaṃ tāva purimānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ vādīnaṃ antañca anantañca antānantañca ārabbha pavattavādattā antānantikattaṃ, pacchimassa pana tadubhayapaṭisedhanavasena pavattavādattā kathaṃ antānantikattanti? Tadubhayapaṭisedhanavasena pavattavādattā eva. Yasmā antānantapaasedhavādopi antānantavisayo eva taṃ ārabbha pavattattā. Etadatthameva hi ārabbha ‘‘pavattavādā’’ti heṭṭhā vuttaṃ, evaṃ santepi yuttaṃ tāva pacchimavādadvayassa antānantikattaṃ, antānantānaṃ vasena ubhayavisayattā etesaṃ vādassa, purimavādadvayassa pana kathaṃ visuṃ antānantikattanti? Upacāravuttiyā. Samuditesu hi antānantavādesu pavattamāno antānantikasaddo tattha niruḷhatāya paccekampi antānantavādīsu pavattati yathā arūpajjhānesu paccekaṃ aṭṭhavimokkhapariyāyo, yathā ca loke sattisayoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Amarāvikkhepikā</span>ti ettha na marati na upacchijjatīti amarā. Kā sā? ‘‘Evantipi me no, tathātipi me no, aññathātipi me no, notipi me no, no notipi me <a name="V1.0130"></a> no’’ti (dī. ni. 1.62) evaṃ pavattavādavasena pariyantarahitā diṭṭhigatikassa diṭṭhi ceva vācā ca. ‘‘Evantipi me no’’tiādinā vividho nānappakāro khepo paravādīnaṃ khipanaṃ vikkhepo, amarāya diṭṭhiyā vācāya vā vikkhepo <a name="M1.0146"></a> amarāvikkhepo, so etesamatthīti amarāvikkhepikā. Atha vā amarāya diṭṭhiyā vācāya vikkhipantīti amarāvikkhepino, amarāvikkhepino eva <span class="bld">amarāvikkhepikā</span>. Atha vā amarā nāma macchajāti, sā ummujjananimujjanādivasena udake sandhāvamānā gahetuṃ na sakkā, evameva ayampi vādo ekasmiṃ sabhāve anavaṭṭhānato ito cito ca sandhāvati, gāhaṃ na upagacchatīti amarāya vikkhepo viyāti amarāvikkhepoti vuccati. Ayañhi amarāvikkhepiko ‘‘idaṃ kusala’’nti vā ‘‘akusala’’nti vā puṭṭho na kiñci byākaroti. ‘‘Idaṃ kusala’’nti vā puṭṭho ‘‘evantipi me no’’ti vadati. Tato ‘‘kiṃ akusala’’nti vutte ‘‘tathātipi me no’’ti vadati. ‘‘Kiṃ ubhayato aññathā’’tipi vutte ‘‘aññathātipi me no’’ti vadati. Tato ‘‘tividhenapi na hoti, kiṃ te laddhī’’ti vutte ‘‘notipi me no’’ti vadati. Tato ‘‘kiṃ no no te laddhī’’ti vutte ‘‘no notipi me no’’ti vadati. Evaṃ vikkhepameva āpajjati, ekamekasmimpi pakkhe na tiṭṭhati. Tato ‘‘atthi paro loko’’tiādinā puṭṭhopi evameva vikkhipati, na ekasmiṃ pakkhe tiṭṭhati. So vuttappakāro amarāvikkhepo etesamatthīti amarāvikkhepikā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu cāyaṃ sabbopi amarāvikkhepiko kusalādayo dhamme paralokatthikādīni ca yathābhūtaṃ anavabujjhamāno tattha tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭho pucchāya vikkhepanamattaṃ āpajjati, tassa kathaṃ diṭṭhigatikabhāvo. Na hi avattukāmassa viya pucchitaṃ ajānantassa vikkhepakaraṇamattena diṭṭhigatikatā yuttāti? Vuccate – na heva kho pucchāya vikkhepakaraṇamattena tassa diṭṭhigatikatā, atha kho micchābhinivesavasena sassatābhinivesato. Micchābhiniviṭṭhoyeva hi puggalo mandabuddhitāya kusalādidhamme paralokatthikādīni ca yāthāvato asampaṭipajjamāno attanā aviññātassa atthassa paraṃ viññāpetuṃ asakkuṇeyyatāya musāvādādibhayena ca vikkhepaṃ āpajjatīti. Tathā ca vuttaṃ ‘‘satteva ucchedadiṭṭhiyo, sesā sassatadiṭṭhiyo’’ti. Atha vā puññapāpānaṃ tabbipākānañca anavabodhena asaddahanena ca tabbisayāya pucchāya vikkhepakaraṇaṃyeva sundaranti khantiṃ ruciṃ uppādetvā abhinivisantassa uppannā visuṃyeva cesā ekā diṭṭhi sattabhaṅgadiṭṭhi viyāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tatoyeva ca vuttaṃ ‘‘pariyantarahitā diṭṭhigatikassa diṭṭhi ceva vācā cā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Adhiccasamuppannikā</span>ti <a name="M1.0147"></a><a name="V1.0131"></a> ettha adhicca yadicchakaṃ yaṃ kiñci kāraṇaṃ vinā samuppanno attā ca loko cāti dassanaṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ. Attalokasaññitānañhi khandhānaṃ adhiccuppattiākārārammaṇaṃ dassanaṃ tadākārasannissayavasena pavattito tadākārasahacaritatāya ca adhiccasamuppannanti vuccati yathā ‘‘mañcā ghosanti, kuntā pacarantī’’ti ca. Taṃ etesamatthīti adhiccasamuppannikā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Saññīvādā</span>ti saññī vādo etesamatthīti saññīvādā ‘‘buddhaṃ assa atthīti buddho’’ti yathā. Atha vā saññīti pavatto vādo saññīsahacaraṇanayena. Saññī vādo yesaṃ te saññīvādā. ‘‘Rūpī attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā, saññīti naṃ paññapenti, arūpī attā hoti, rūpī ca arūpī ca attā hoti, neva rūpī nārūpī ca attā hoti. Antavā attā hoti, anantavā attā hoti, antavā ca anantavā ca attā hoti, nevantavā nānantavā attā hoti. Ekattasaññī attā hoti, nānattasaññī attā hoti. Parittasaññī attā hoti, appamāṇasaññī attā hoti. Ekantasukhī attā hoti, ekantadukkhī attā hoti. Sukhadukkhī attā hoti, adukkhamasukhī attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā, saññīti naṃ paññapentī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.76) evaṃ soḷasavidhena vibhattavādānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Asaññīvādā nevasaññīnāsaññīvādā</span> ca saññīvāde vuttanayeneva veditabbā. Kevalañhi ‘‘saññī attā’’ti gaṇhantānaṃ vasena saññīvādā vuttā, ‘‘asaññī’’ti ca ‘‘nevasaññīnāsaññī’’ti ca gaṇhantānaṃ vasena asaññīvādā ca nevasaññīnāsaññīvādā ca vuttāti veditabbā. Tattha asaññīvādā ‘‘rūpī attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā, asaññīti naṃ paññapenti, arūpī attā hoti, rūpī ca arūpī ca attā hoti, neva rūpī nārūpī attā hoti. Antavā attā hoti, anantavā attā hoti, antavā ca anantavā ca attā hoti, nevantavā nānantavā attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā, asaññīti naṃ paññapentī’’ti evaṃ aṭṭhavidhena vibhattā. Nevasaññīnāsaññīvādāpi evameva ‘‘rūpī attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā, nevasaññīnāsaññīti naṃ paññapentī’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.82) aṭṭhavidhena vibhattāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ucchedavādā</span>ti <a name="M1.0148"></a> ‘‘ayaṃ attā rūpī cātumahābhūtiko mātāpettikasambhavo kāyassa bhedā ucchijjati vinassati, na hoti paraṃ maraṇā’’ti (dī. ni. 1.85) evamādinā nayena pavattaṃ <a name="V1.0132"></a> ucchedadassanaṃ ucchedo sahacaraṇanayena. Ucchedo vādo yesaṃ te ucchedavādā, ucchedavādo vā etesamatthīti ucchedavādā, ucchedaṃ vadantīti vā ucchedavādā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Diṭṭhadhammanibbānavādā</span>ti ettha diṭṭhadhammo nāma dassanabhūtena ñāṇena upaladdhadhammo, paccakkhadhammoti attho. Tattha tattha paṭiladdhattabhāvassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Diṭṭhadhamme nibbānaṃ diṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ, imasmiṃyeva attabhāve dukkhavūpasamanti attho. Taṃ vadantīti diṭṭhadhammanibbānavādā. Te pana ‘‘yato kho bho ayaṃ attā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti, ettāvatā kho bho ayaṃ attā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānappatto hotī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.94) evamādinā nayena diṭṭheva dhamme nibbānaṃ paññapenti. Te hi mandhātukāmaguṇasadise mānusake kāmaguṇe, paranimmitavasavattidevarājassa kāmaguṇasadise dibbe ca kāmaguṇe upagatānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme nibbānappattiṃ vadanti.</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">Vibhajjavādī</span>ti verañjakaṇḍe āgatanayeneva venayikādibhāvaṃ vibhajja vadatīti vibhajjavādī.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha hi bhagavatā ‘‘ahañhi, brāhmaṇa, vinayāya dhammaṃ desemi rāgassā’’tiādiṃ vatvā ‘‘no ca kho yaṃ tvaṃ sandhāya vadesī’’tiādinā verañjabrāhmaṇassa attano venayikādibhāvo vibhajja vuttoti. Apica somanassādīnaṃ cīvarādīnañca sevitabbāsevitabbabhāvaṃ vibhajja vadatīti <span class="bld">vibhajjavādī,</span> sassatucchedavāde vā vibhajja vadatīti vibhajjavādī, ‘‘sassato attā ca loko cā’’tiādīnaṃ ṭhapanīyānaṃ pañhānaṃ ṭhapanato rāgādikhayasaṅkhātassa sassatassa rāgādikāyaduccaritādiucchedassa vacanato vibhajjavādī, sassatucchedabhūte ubho ante anupaggamma majjhimapaṭipadābhūtassa paṭiccasamuppādassa desanato vibhajjavādī, bhagavā. <span class="bld">Parappavādaṃ maddanto</span>ti tasmiṃ tatiyasaṅgītikāle uppannaṃ vādaṃ, tato paṭṭhāya yāva saddhammantaradhānā āyatiṃ uppajjanakavādañca sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tasmiñhi samāgame ayaṃ thero yāni ca tadā uppannāni vatthūni, yāni ca āyatiṃ uppajjissanti, sabbesampi tesaṃ paṭibāhanatthaṃ <a name="M1.0149"></a> satthārā dinnanayavaseneva tathāgatena ṭhapitamātikaṃ vibhajanto sakavāde pañca suttasatāni, paravāde pañcāti suttasahassaṃ āharitvā tadā uppannavādassa maddanato parappavādamaddanaṃ āyatiṃ uppajjanakavādānaṃ paṭisedhanalakkhaṇabhāvato āyatiṃ paṭisedhalakkhaṇaṃ kathāvatthuppakaraṇaṃ akāsi.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti samantapāsādikāya vinayaṭṭhakathāya sāratthadīpaniyaṃ</p>
<p class="centered">Tatiyasaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā samattā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Ācariyaparamparakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Kenābhata’’nti <a name="V1.0133"></a> imaṃ pañhaṃ visajjentena jambudīpe tāva ācariyaparamparā yāva tatiyasaṅgīti, tāva dassetvā idāni sīhaḷadīpe ācariyaparamparaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tatiyasaṅgahato pana uddha’’</span>ntiādi āraddhaṃ. <span class="bld">Imaṃ dīpa</span>nti imaṃ tambapaṇṇidīpaṃ. <span class="bld">Kañci kāla</span>nti kismiñci kāle. <span class="bld">Porāṇā</span>ti aṭṭhakathācariyā. <span class="bld">Bhaddanāmo</span>ti bhaddasālatthero. Nāmassa ekadesenapi hi vohāro dissati ‘‘devadatto datto’’ti yathā. Āguṃ na karontīti <span class="bld">nāgā</span>. Vinayapiṭakaṃ vācayiṃsūti sambandho. <span class="bld">Tambapaṇṇiyā</span>ti bhummavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Nikāye pañca vācesu</span>nti vinayābhidhammavajje dīghanikāyādike pañca nikāye ca vācesuṃ. <span class="bld">Satta ceva pakaraṇe</span>ti dhammasaṅgaṇīvibhaṅgādike satta abhidhammappakaraṇe ca vācesunti attho. Asani viya siluccaye kilese medhati hiṃsatīti medhā, khippaṃ gahaṇadhāraṇaṭṭhena vā medhā, paññā, sā etassa atthīti <span class="bld">medhāvī. Tipeṭako</span>ti tīṇi piṭakāni etassa atthīti tipeṭako, tepiṭakoti vuttaṃ hoti, tipiṭakapariyattidharoti attho. Tārakānaṃ rājāti <span class="bld">tārakarājā,</span> candimā. <span class="bld">Atirocathā</span>ti ativiya virocittha. <span class="bld">Pupphanāmo</span>ti mahāpadumatthero. <span class="bld">Saddhammavaṃsakovido</span>ti saddhammatantiyā kovido. <span class="bld">Pupphanāmo</span>ti sumanatthero. <span class="bld">Jambudīpe patiṭṭhito</span>ti sumanatthero kira ekasmiṃ samaye sīhaḷadīpamhi sāsane osakkamāne jambudīpaṃ gantvā uggaṇhitvā sāsanaṃ anurakkhanto tattheva patiṭṭhāsi. <span class="bld">Maggakovidā</span>ti saggamaggamokkhamaggesu kovidā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhāraṃ</span> <a name="M1.0150"></a> <span class="bld">katvā</span>ti tesaṃ tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sāsanaṃ bhāraṃ katvā, paṭibaddhaṃ katvāti attho. <span class="bld">‘‘Te te bhikkhū tattha tattha pesesī’’</span>ti saṅkhepato vuttamevatthaṃ vitthāretvā dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘majjhantikattheraṃ kasmīragandhāraraṭṭhaṃ pesesī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Mahiṃsakamaṇḍala</span>nti andhakaraṭṭhaṃ vadanti. <span class="bld">Vanavāsi</span>nti vanavāsiraṭṭhaṃ. Attā pañcamo etesanti <span class="bld">attapañcamā,</span> taṃ taṃ disābhāgaṃ pañca pañceva bhikkhū agamaṃsūti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni tattha tattha gatānaṃ therānaṃ kiccānubhāvaṃ dassetukāmo majjhantikattherassa gataṭṭhāne kiccaṃ tāva dassento <span class="bld">‘‘tena kho pana samayena kasmīragandhāraraṭṭhe’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Karakavassa</span>nti himapātanakavassaṃ. <span class="bld">Harāpetvā</span>ti udakoghena harāpetvā. <span class="bld">Aravāḷadahapiṭṭhiya</span>nti aravāḷadahassa udakapiṭṭhiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Chinnabhinnapaṭadharo</span>ti satthakena chinnaṃ raṅgena bhinnaṃ vaṇṇavikāramāpannaṃ paṭaṃ dhāretīti chinnabhinnapaṭadharo. Atha vā satthakena chinnānaṃ gihivatthavisabhāgānaṃ kāsāvānaṃ dhāraṇato <span class="bld">chinnabhinnapaṭadharo. Bhaṇḍū</span>ti muṇḍako. <span class="bld">Kāsāvavasano</span>ti kāsāvavatthanivattho. <span class="bld">Makkhaṃ asahamāno</span>ti theraṃ <a name="V1.0134"></a> paṭicca attano santāne uppannaṃ paresaṃ guṇamakkhanalakkhaṇaṃ makkhaṃ asahamāno sandhāretuṃ adhisahituṃ vūpasametuṃ asakkonto. <span class="bld">Bhiṃsanakānī</span>ti bheravārammaṇāni. Tāni dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tato tato bhusā vātā vāyantī’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Bhusā vātā</span>ti rukkhabhedanapabbatakūṭanipātanasamatthā balavavātā. <span class="bld">Asaniyo phalantī</span>ti asaniyo bhijjanti, patantīti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Paharaṇavuṭṭhiyo</span>ti anekappakārā āvudhavuṭṭhiyo. <span class="bld">Niddhamathā</span>ti gahetvā apanetha. <span class="bld">Bhiṃsanaka</span>nti nāgarājassa kāyikavācasikapayogajanitabhayanimittaṃ vippakāraṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Me bhayabheravaṃ janetuṃ paṭibalo na assa na bhaveyyāti sambandho. Tattha <span class="bld">bhayabheravaṃ</span> nāma khuddānukhuddakaṃ bhayaṃ. Atha vā <span class="bld">bhaya</span>nti cittutrāsabhayaṃ, paṭighabhayassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Bherava</span>nti bhayajanakamārammaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Sacepi tvaṃ mahiṃ sabba</span>nti sacepi tvaṃ mahānāga sabbaṃ mahiṃ samuddena saha <span class="bld">sasamuddaṃ</span> pabbatena saha <span class="bld">sapabbataṃ</span> ukkhipitvā <span class="bld">mamūpari</span> mayhaṃ sīsopari khipeyyāsīti attho. Me bhayabheravaṃ janetuṃ neva sakkuṇeyyāsīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Aññadatthū</span>ti ekaṃsena. <span class="bld">Tavevassa vighāto uragādhipā</span>ti uragānaṃ <a name="M1.0151"></a> nāgānaṃ adhipati rāja tava eva vighāto dukkhaṃ vihiṃsā assa bhaveyyāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā</span>tiādīsu taṅkhaṇānurūpāya dhammadesanāya diṭṭhadhammasamparāyikaṃ atthaṃ sandassetvā kusale dhamme <span class="bld">samādapetvā</span> gaṇhāpetvā tattha ca naṃ <span class="bld">samuttejetvā</span> saussāhaṃ katvā tāya ca saussāhatāya aññehi ca vijjamānaguṇehi <span class="bld">sampahaṃsetvā</span> tosetvāti attho. Therena kataṃ nāgānusāsanaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘athāyasmā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">ito uddhaṃ yathā pure</span>ti yathā tumhe ito pure saddhammasavanuppattivirahitakāle parassa kodhaṃ uppādayittha, idāni ito paṭṭhāya uddhaṃ anāgate kodhañca mā janayittha, vijātamātuyāpi putte sinehacchedanaṃ sabbavināsamūlakaṃ sassaghātakañca mā karitthāti attho. <span class="bld">Sukhakāmā hi pāṇino</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">hi</span>-saddo kāraṇopadese, yasmā sabbe sattā sukhakāmā, tasmā hitasukhaupacchedakaraṃ sassaghātañca mā karothāti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yathānusiṭṭha</span>nti yaṃ yaṃ anusiṭṭhaṃ yathānusiṭṭhaṃ, anusiṭṭhaṃ anatikkamma vā yathānusiṭṭhaṃ, therena dinnovādaṃ anatikkammāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Dhammābhisamayo ahosī</span>ti paṭhamamaggaphalādhigamo ahosīti vadanti. <span class="bld">Kulasatasahassa</span>nti iminā purisānaṃ satasahassaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Kasmīragandhārā</span>ti kasmīragandhāraraṭṭhavāsino. <span class="bld">Kāsāvapajjotā</span>ti bhikkhūnaṃ nivatthapārutakāsāvavatthehi obhāsitā. <span class="bld">Isivātapaṭivātā</span>ti <a name="V1.0135"></a> bhikkhūnaṃ nivāsanapārupanavātena ceva hatthapādānaṃ samiñjanapasāraṇādivātena ca samantato bījiyamānā ahesuṃ. <span class="bld">Duṭṭha</span>nti kupitaṃ. <span class="bld">Bandhanā</span>ti saṃsārabandhanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhammacakkhu</span>nti heṭṭhāmaggattaye ñāṇaṃ. Keci panettha ‘‘paṭhamamaggañāṇameva te paṭilabhiṃsū’’ti vadanti. <span class="bld">Codetvā devadūtehī</span>ti (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 3.263 ādayo) <span class="bld">devadūtasuttantadesanā</span>vasena (ma. ni. 3.261 ādayo) daharakumāro jarājiṇṇasatto gilānasatto kammakāraṇā kammakāraṇikā vā matasattoti imehi pañcahi devadūtehi codetvā ovaditvā, saṃvegaṃ uppādetvāti attho. Daharakumārādayo <a name="M1.0152"></a> hi tattha ‘‘devadūtā’’ti vuccanti. Tathā hi daharakumāro atthato evaṃ vadati nāma ‘‘passatha bho mayhampi tumhākaṃ viya hatthapādā atthi, sake panamhi muttakarīse palipanno, attano dhammatāya uṭṭhahitvā nahāyituṃ na sakkomi, ‘ahaṃ kiliṭṭho, nahāpetha ma’nti vattumpi na sakkomi, jātitomhi aparimuttatāya ediso jāto, na kho panāhameva, tumhepi jātito aparimuttāva. Yatheva hi mayhaṃ, evaṃ tumhākampi jāti āgamissati, iti tassā pure āgamanāva kalyāṇaṃ karothā’’ti. Tenesa devadūto nāma jāto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Jarājiṇṇasattopi atthato evaṃ vadati nāma ‘‘passatha bho ahampi tumhe viya taruṇo ahosiṃ ūrubalabāhubalajavasampanno, tassa me tā balajavasampattiyo antarahitā, hatthapādā hatthapādakiccañca na karonti, jarāyamhi aparimuttatāya ediso jāto, na kho panāhameva, tumhepi jarāya aparimuttāva. Yatheva hi mayhaṃ, evaṃ tumhākampi jarā āgamissati, iti tassā pure āgamanāva kalyāṇaṃ karothā’’ti. Tenesa devadūto nāma jāto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gilānasattopi atthato evaṃ vadati nāma ‘‘passatha bho ahampi tumhe viya nirogo ahosiṃ, somhi etarahi byādhinā abhihato sake muttakarīse palipanno, uṭṭhātumpi na sakkomi, vijjamānāpi me hatthapādā hatthapādakiccaṃ na karonti, byādhitomhi aparimuttatāya ediso jāto, na kho panāhameva, tumhepi byādhito aparimuttāva. Yatheva hi mayhaṃ, evaṃ tumhākampi byādhi āgamissati, iti tassa pure āgamanāva kalyāṇaṃ karothā’’ti. Tenesa devadūto nāma jāto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kammakāraṇā kammakāraṇikā vā catuttho devadūtoti veditabbā. Tattha kammakāraṇapakkhe dvattiṃsa tāva kammakāraṇā atthato evaṃ vadanti nāma ‘‘mayaṃ nibbattamānā na rukkhe vā pāsāṇe <a name="V1.0136"></a> vā nibbattāma, tumhādisānaṃ sarīre nibbattāma, iti amhākaṃ pure nibbattitova kalyāṇaṃ karothā’’ti. Tenetā devadūtā nāma jātā. Kammakāraṇikāpi atthato evaṃ vadanti nāma ‘‘mayaṃ dvattiṃsa kammakāraṇā karontā na rukkhādīsu <a name="M1.0153"></a> karoma, tumhādisesu sattesuyeva karoma, iti amhākaṃ tumhesu pure kammakāraṇākāraṇatova kalyāṇaṃ karothā’’ti. Tenetepi devadūtā nāma jātā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Matakasattopi atthato evaṃ vadati nāma ‘‘passatha bho maṃ āmakasusāne chaḍḍitaṃ uddhumātakādibhāvaṃ pattaṃ, maraṇatomhi aparimuttatāya ediso jāto, na kho panāhameva, tumhepi maraṇato aparimuttāva. Yatheva hi mayhaṃ, evaṃ tumhākampi maraṇaṃ āgamissati, iti tassa pure āgamanāva kalyāṇaṃ karothā’’ti. Tenesa devadūto nāma jāto. Tasmā daharakumārādayo ettha ‘‘devadūtā’’ti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anamataggiya</span>nti anamataggasaṃyuttaṃ (saṃ. ni. 2.124). <span class="bld">Dhammāmataṃ pāyesī</span>ti lokuttaradhammāmataṃ pānaṃ paṭilābhakaraṇavasena pāyesīti attho. <span class="bld">Samadhikānī</span>ti sahādhikāni. Sahattho hettha saṃsaddo. <span class="bld">Isī</span>ti sīlakkhandhādayo dhammakkhandhe esi gavesi pariyesīti isīti vuccati. <span class="bld">Pañca raṭṭhānī</span>ti pañcavidhacīnaraṭṭhāni. Himavantaṃ gantvā dhammacakkappavattanaṃ pakāsento yakkhasenaṃ pasādayīti yojetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tena ca samayenā</span>ti tasmiṃ samaye tesaṃ gamanato pubbabhāgakāle. <span class="bld">Laddhaṃ bhavissatī</span>ti vessavaṇasantikā laddhaṃ bhavissati. <span class="bld">Vegasā</span>ti vegena. <span class="bld">Samantato ārakkhaṃ ṭhapesī</span>ti ‘‘ito paṭṭhāya mā pavisantū’’ti adhiṭṭhānavasena samantā ārakkhaṃ ṭhapesi. <span class="bld">Aḍḍhuḍḍhāni sahassānī</span>ti aḍḍhena catutthāni aḍḍhuḍḍhāni, atirekapañcasatāni tīṇi sahassānīti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Diyaḍḍhasahassa</span>nti aḍḍhena dutiyaṃ diyaḍḍhaṃ, atirekapañcasataṃ ekaṃ sahassanti attho. <span class="bld">Soṇuttarā</span>ti soṇo ca uttaro ca soṇuttarā. <span class="bld">Niddhametvānā</span>ti palāpetvāna. <span class="bld">Adesisu</span>nti adesayuṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ajjhiṭṭho</span>ti āṇatto. <span class="bld">Puna dānī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">dānī</span>ti nipātamattaṃ, puna āgaccheyyāma vā na vāti attho. <span class="bld">Rājagahanagaraparivattakenā</span>ti rājagahanagaraṃ parivajjetvā tato bahi taṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā gatamaggena gamanena vā. Idāni theramātuyā veṭisanagare nivāsakāraṇaṃ dassetuṃ tassa nagarassa tassā jātibhūmibhāvaṃ therassa ca aṭṭhuppattiṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘asoko kira kumārakāle’’</span>tiādimāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ <a name="M1.0154"></a><a name="V1.0137"></a> panettha anupubbikathā – pubbe kira moriyavaṃse jātassa candaguttassa nāma rañño putto bindusāro nāma kumāro pitu accayena pāṭaliputtamhi nagare rājā ahosi. Tassa dve puttā saudariyā ahesuṃ, tesaṃ ekūnasatamattā vemātikabhātaro ahesuṃ. Rājā pana tesaṃ sabbajeṭṭhakassa asokakumārassa uparajjaṭṭhānañca avantiraṭṭhañca datvā athekadivasaṃ attano upaṭṭhānaṃ āgataṃ disvā ‘‘tāta, uparāja, tava raṭṭhaṃ gantvā tattha ujjenīnagare vasāhī’’ti āṇāpesi. So pitu vacanena taṃ ujjeniṃ gacchanto antarāmagge veṭisagirinagare veṭisanāmakassa seṭṭhissa ghare nivāsaṃ upagantvā tassa seṭṭhissa dhītaraṃ lakkhaṇasampannaṃ yobbanappattaṃ veṭisagiriṃ nāma kumāriṃ disvā tāya paṭibaddhacitto mātāpitūnaṃ kathāpetvā taṃ tehi dinnaṃ paṭilabhitvā tāya saddhiṃ saṃvāsaṃ kappesi. Sā tena saṃvāsena sañjātagabbhā hutvā tato ujjeniṃ nītā mahindakumāraṃ janayi. Tato vassadvaye atikkante saṅghamittañca dhītaraṃ upalabhitvā uparājena saddhiṃ tattha vasati. Uparājassa pana pitā bindusāro maraṇamañce nipanno puttaṃ asokakumāraṃ saritvā taṃ pakkosāpetuṃ ujjeniṃ manusse pesesi. Te tato ujjeniṃ gantvā asokassa taṃ pavattiṃ ārocesuṃ. Tesaṃ vacanena so pitu santikaṃ turitagamanenāgacchanto antarāmagge veṭisagirinagaramhi puttadāre ṭhapetvā pitu santakaṃ pāṭaliputtanagaraṃ gantvā gatasamanantarameva kālakatassa pituno sarīrakiccaṃ kārāpetvā tato ekūnasatamatte vemātikabhātaro ca ghātāpetvā vihatakaṇṭako hutvā tattha chattaṃ ussāpetvā abhisekaṃ gaṇhi. Tadāpi theramātā dārake rañño santikaṃ pesetvā sayaṃ tattheva veṭisagirinagare vasi. Tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sā tassa mātā tena samayena ñātighare vasī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Āropesī</span>ti paṭipādesi. <span class="bld">Amhākaṃ idha kattabbakiccaṃ niṭṭhita</span>nti mātu dassanassa katabhāvaṃ sandhāyāha. <span class="bld">Anubhavatu tāva me pitarā pesitaṃ abhiseka</span>ntiādīsu abhisekapesanādikathā vitthārena uttarato āvi bhavissati. <span class="bld">Chaṇattha</span>nti chaṇanimittaṃ, chaṇahetūti attho, sayaṃ chaṇakīḷaṃ akātukāmoti vuttaṃ hoti. Tadā kira devānaṃpiyatisso jeṭṭhamūlamāsapuṇṇamiyaṃ nakkhattaṃ ghosāpetvā ‘‘salilakīḷāchaṇaṃ <a name="M1.0155"></a> karothā’’ti amacce āṇāpetvā sayaṃ migavaṃ kīḷitukāmo missakapabbataṃ agamāsi. <span class="bld">Missakapabbata</span>nti paṃsupāsāṇamissakattā evaṃladdhanāmaṃ pabbataṃ. <span class="bld">Diṭṭhasacco</span>ti anāgāmimaggena paṭividdhasacco, anāgāmiphalaṃ pattoti vuttaṃ hoti. So kira therena attano mātudeviyā desitaṃ dhammaṃ sutvā anāgāmiphalaṃ sacchākāsi, so ca therassa bhāgineyyoti veditabbo. Tathā hi therassa mātudeviyā bhaginī tassā dhītā, tassā ayaṃ putto. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">mahāvaṃse</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Deviyā <a name="V1.0138"></a> bhaginī dhītu, putto bhaṇḍukanāmako;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Therena deviyā dhammaṃ, sutvā desitameva tu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Anāgāmiphalaṃ patvā, vasi therassa santike’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sammāsambuddhena ca tumhe byākatā</span>ti bodhimūle eva buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ voloketvā tambapaṇṇidīpaṃ disvā anāgate tassa dīpassa sampattiṃ diṭṭhena sammāsambuddhena ‘‘anāgate mahindo nāma bhikkhu tambapaṇṇidīpaṃ pasādessatī’’ti tumhe byākatā. Tattha <span class="bld">tambapaṇṇidīpa</span>nti dīpavāsino vuttā. Indriyaparopariyattañāṇaṃ āsayānusayañāṇañca <span class="bld">‘‘buddhacakkhū’’</span>ti vuccati. Tena pana indriyaparoparādiṃ vinā aññaṃ na sakkā daṭṭhunti ‘‘volokento’’ti avatvā <span class="bld">‘‘voloketvā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Etamattha</span>nti ‘‘anāgate mahindo nāma bhikkhu tambapaṇṇidīpaṃ pasādessatī’’ti imamatthaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Veṭisagirimhi rājagahe</span>ti deviyā katavihāre. Kālova gamanassa, gacchāma dīpamuttamanti yojetabbaṃ. Idañca tesaṃ parivitakkanidassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Paḷinā</span>ti ākāsaṃ pakkhandiṃsu. <span class="bld">Ambare</span>ti ākāse. Evamākāsaṃ pakkhanditvā kiṃ te akaṃsūti cetiyapabbate nipatiṃsūti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘evamuppatitā therā, nipatiṃsu naguttame’’</span>ti. Idāni tassa pabbatassa patiṭṭhitaṭṭhānaṃ therānañca tattha nipatitaṭṭhānaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘purato puraseṭṭhassā’’</span>tiādigāthamāha. <span class="bld">Purato</span>ti pācīnadisābhāge. <span class="bld">Puraseṭṭhassā</span>ti anurādhapurasaṅkhātassa puravarassa. <span class="bld">Meghasannibhe</span>ti samantato nīlavaṇṇattā nīlamahāmeghasadise. <span class="bld">Sīlakūṭamhī</span>ti evaṃnāmake pabbatakūṭe. <span class="bld">Haṃsāva nagamuddhanī</span>ti pabbatamuddhani haṃsā viya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M1.0156"></a> pana patiṭṭhahanto kadā patiṭṭhahīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ iṭṭiyādīhi saddhi’’</span>ntiādi. <span class="bld">Parinibbānato</span>ti parinibbānavassato taṃ avadhibhūtaṃ muñcitvā tato uddhaṃ dvinnaṃ vassasatānaṃ upari chattiṃsatime vasseti attho gahetabbo. Kathaṃ veditabboti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ajātasattussa hī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Tasmiṃyeva vasse</span>ti ettha yasmiṃ saṃvacchare yasmiñca divase bhagavā parinibbuto, tasmiṃ saṃvacchare tasmiṃyeva ca divase vijayakumāro imaṃ dīpamāgatoti vadanti. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Laṅkāyaṃ vijayasanāmako kumāro,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Otiṇṇo thiramati tambapaṇṇidīpe;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Sālānaṃ <a name="V1.0139"></a> yamakaguṇānamantarasmiṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nibbātuṃ sayitadine tathāgatassā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sīhakumārassa putto</span>ti ettha kāliṅgarājadhītu kucchismiṃ sīhassa jāto kumāro sīhakumāroti veditabbo, pubbe amanussāvāsattā āha <span class="bld">‘‘manussāvāsaṃ akāsī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Cuddasame vasse</span>ti cuddasame vasse sampatte. <span class="bld">Idha vijayo kālamakāsī</span>ti imasmiṃ tambapaṇṇidīpe vijayarājakumāro aṭṭhatiṃsa vassāni rajjaṃ kāretvā kālamakāsi. Tathā hi ajātasattu rājā dvattiṃsa vassāni rajjaṃ kāresi, udayabhaddo soḷasa vassāni, tasmā ajātasattussa aṭṭhamavassaṃ idha vijayassa paṭhamavassanti katvā tato uddhaṃ ajātasattussa catuvīsati vassāni udayabhaddassa cuddasa vassānīti vijayassa aṭṭhatiṃsa vassāni paripūriṃsu. Tathā ca vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vijayo laṅkamāgamma, satthu nibbānavāsare;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Aṭṭhatiṃsa samākāsi, rajjaṃ yakkhavimaddako’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Udayabhaddassa pañcadasame vasse paṇḍuvāsudevo nāma imasmiṃ dīpe rajjaṃ pāpuṇī’’ti vuttattā udayabhaddassa cuddasamavassasaṅkhātaṃ ekaṃ vassaṃ imasmiṃ dīpe vijayassa paṇḍuvāsudevassa ca antare sīhaḷaṃ arājikaṃ hutvā ṭhitanti veditabbaṃ. Tasmiñhi vasse vijayarājassa amaccā upatissaṃ nāma amaccaṃ jeṭṭhakaṃ katvā tassa nāmena kate upatissagāme vasantā arājikaṃ rajjamanusāsiṃsu. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tasmiṃ <a name="M1.0157"></a> mate amaccā te, pekkhantā khattiyāgamaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Upatissagāme ṭhatvāna, raṭṭhaṃ samanusāsisuṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Mate vijayarājamhi, khattiyāgamanā purā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ekaṃ vassaṃ ayaṃ laṅkā-dīpo āsi arājiko’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti jambudīpe. <span class="bld">Idha paṇḍuvāsudevo kālamakāsī</span>ti imasmiṃ sīhaḷadīpe paṇḍuvāsudevo tiṃsa vassāni rajjamanusāsitvā kālamakāsi. Tathā hi udayabhaddassa anantaraṃ anuruddho ca muṇḍo ca aṭṭha vassāni rajjamanusāsiṃsu, tadanantaraṃ nāgadāsako catuvīsati vassāni, tasmā <a name="V1.0140"></a> udayabhaddassa pañcadasamasoḷasamavassehi saddhiṃ anuruddhassa ca muṇḍassa ca aṭṭha vassāni, nāgadāsakassa ca catuvīsativassesu vīsati vassānīti paṇḍuvāsudevassa rañño tiṃsa vassāni paripūriṃsu. Teneva vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Tato paṇḍuvāsudevo, rajjaṃ tiṃsa samā akā’’ti;</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti jambudīpe. <span class="bld">Sattarasame vasse</span>ti sattarasame vasse sampatte. Tathā hi nāgadāsakassa anantarā susunāgo aṭṭhārasa vassāni rajjaṃ kāresi, tasmā nāgadāsakassa catuvīsativassesu vīsati vassāni ṭhapetvā sesehi catūhi vassehi saddhiṃ susunāgassa aṭṭhārasasu vassesu soḷasa vassānīti idha abhayarañño vīsati vassāni paripūriṃsu. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Abhayo vīsati vassāni, laṅkārajjamakārayī’’ti;</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dāmariko</span>ti yuddhakārako coro. Paṇḍukābhayo pana abhayassa bhāgineyyo rājāyeva, na coro, balakkārena pana rajjassa gahitattā ‘‘dāmariko’’ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Rajjaṃ aggahesī</span>ti ekadesassa gahitattā vuttaṃ. Abhayassa hi vīsatime vasse na tāva sabbaṃ rajjamaggahesīti. Tathā hi vīsatimavassato paṭṭhāya abhayassa nava bhātike <a name="M1.0158"></a> attano mātule tattha tattha yuddhaṃ katvā ghātentassa anabhisittasseva sattarasa vassāni atikkamiṃsu, tatoyeva ca tāni rājasuññāni nāma ahesuṃ. Tathā ca vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Paṇḍukābhayarañño ca, abhayassa ca antare;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Rājasuññāni vassāni, ahesuṃ dasa satta cā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti jambudīpe. <span class="bld">Paṇḍukassā</span>ti paṇḍukābhayassa. Bhavati hi ekadesenapi vohāro ‘‘devadatto datto’’ti yathā. <span class="bld">Sattarasa vassāni paripūriṃsū</span>ti anabhisittasseva paripūriṃsu. Ettha ca kāḷāsokassa soḷasamavassaṃ ṭhapetvā pannarasa vassāni heṭṭhā susunāgassa sattarasamaaṭṭhārasamavassāni ca dve gahetvā sattarasa vassāni gaṇitabbāni. <span class="bld">Tāni heṭṭhā ekena vassena saha aṭṭhārasa hontī</span>ti tāni rājasuññāni sattarasa vassāni heṭṭhā vijayapaṇḍuvāsudevarājūnamantare arājikena ekena vassena saddhiṃ aṭṭhārasa rājasuññavassāni nāma honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Candaguttassa</span> <a name="V1.0141"></a> <span class="bld">cuddasame vasse idha paṇḍukābhayo kālamakāsī</span>ti candaguttassa cuddasame vasse imasmiṃ tambapaṇṇidīpe paṇḍukābhayo nāma rājā sattati vassāni rajjamanusāsitvā kālamakāsi. Tathā hi susunāgassa putto kāḷāsoko aṭṭhavīsati vassāni rajjaṃ kāresi. Tato tassa puttā dasa bhātukā dvevīsati vassāni rajjaṃ kāresuṃ, tesaṃ pacchā nava nandā dvevīsati, candagutto catuvīsati vassāni rajjaṃ kāresi. Tattha kāḷāsokassa aṭṭhavīsativassesu pannarasa vassāni heṭṭhā gahitānīti tāni ṭhapetvā sesāni terasa vassāni, dasabhātukānaṃ dvevīsati, tathā navanandānaṃ dvevīsati, candaguttassa cuddasamavassaṃ ṭhapetvā terasa vassānīti paṇḍukābhayassa sattati vassāni paripūriṃsu. Tathā ca vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Paṇḍukābhayanāmassa, rañño vassāni sattatī’’ti;</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tattha asokadhammarājassa sattarasame vasse idha muṭasivarājā kālamakāsī</span>ti tasmiṃ jambudīpe asokadhammarājassa sattarasame vasse idha muṭasivo nāma rājā saṭṭhi vassāni rajjamanusāsitvā kālamakāsi<a name="M1.0159"></a>. Tathā hi candaguttassa putto bindusāro aṭṭhavīsati vassāni rajjaṃ kāresi, tato tassa putto asokadhammarājā rajjaṃ pāpuṇi, tasmā candaguttassa heṭṭhā vuttesu catuvīsativassesu terasa vassāni gahitānīti tāni ṭhapetvā sesāni ekādasa vassāni, bindusārassa aṭṭhavīsati vassāni, asokassa anabhisittassa cattāri vassāni, abhisittassa sattarasa vassānīti evaṃ saṭṭhi vassāni idha muṭasivassa paripūriṃsu. Tathā ca vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Muṭasivo saṭṭhi vassāni, laṅkārajjamakārayī’’ti;</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Devānaṃpiyatisso rajjaṃ pāpuṇī</span>ti asokadhammarājassa aṭṭhārasame vasse pāpuṇi. Idāni parinibbute bhagavati ajātasattuādīnaṃ vassagaṇanāvasena parinibbānato dvinnaṃ vassasatānaṃ upari chattiṃsati vassāni ekato gaṇetvā dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘parinibbute ca sammāsambuddhe’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">ajātasattussa catuvīsatī</span>ti parinibbānavassasaṅkhātaṃ aṭṭhamavassaṃ muñcitvā vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Asokassa puttakā dasa bhātukarājāno</span>ti kāḷāsokassa puttā bhaddaseno koraṇḍavaṇṇo maṅkuro sabbañjaho jāliko ubhako sañcayo korabyo nandivaḍḍhano pañcamakoti ime dasa bhātukarājānoti veditabbā. Uggasenanando paṇḍukanando paṇḍugatinando bhūtapālanando raṭṭhapālanando govisāṇakanando saviddhakanando kevaṭṭakanando dhananandoti ime <span class="bld">nava nandā</span>ti <a name="V1.0142"></a> veditabbā. <span class="bld">Etena rājavaṃsānusārenā</span>ti etena jambudīpavāsirājūnaṃ vaṃsānusārena veditabbametanti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tambapaṇṇidīpavāsīnampi puna rājūnaṃ vasena evaṃ gaṇanā veditabbā – sammāsambuddhassa parinibbānavassaṃ idha vijayassa paṭhamaṃ vassanti katvā taṃ apanetvā parinibbānavassato uddhaṃ vijayassa sattatiṃsa vassāni, tato arājikamekavassaṃ, paṇḍuvāsudevassa tiṃsa vassāni, abhayassa vīsati vassāni, paṇḍukābhayassa abhisekato pubbe sattarasa vassāni, abhisittassa sattati vassāni, muṭasivassa saṭṭhi vassāni, devānaṃpiyatissassa paṭhamaṃ vassanti evaṃ parinibbānato dvinnaṃ vassasatānaṃ upari chattiṃsa vassāni veditabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Jeṭṭhamāsassa <a name="M1.0160"></a> puṇṇamiyaṃ jeṭṭhanakkhattaṃ mūlanakkhattaṃ vā hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘jeṭṭhamūlanakkhattaṃ nāma hotī’’</span>ti. Tasmiṃ pana nakkhatte kattabbachaṇampi tannissayattā tameva nāmaṃ labhatīti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Migava</span>nti migānaṃ vānanato hesanato bādhanato migavanti laddhasamaññaṃ migavaṃ. <span class="bld">Rohitamigarūpa</span>nti gokaṇṇamigavesaṃ. <span class="bld">Jiya</span>nti dhanujiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Anubandhanto</span>ti padasā anudhāvanto. <span class="bld">Mamaṃyeva rājā passatū</span>ti ettha ‘‘amhesu bahūsu diṭṭhesu rājā ativiya bhāyissatī’’ti iminā kāraṇena attānameva dassetuṃ ‘‘mamaṃyeva passatū’’ti adhiṭṭhāsīti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Cintesī’’</span>ti vatvā tassa cintanākāraṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘imasmiṃ dīpe jāto’’</span>tiādi. Thero tassa parivitakkaṃ jānitvā attano sabhāvaṃ kathetvā taṃ assāsetukāmo <span class="bld">‘‘samaṇā mayaṃ mahārājā’’</span>tiādimāha. Mahārāja mayaṃ samaṇā nāma, tvaṃ parivitakkaṃ mā akāsīti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Taveva anukampāyā</span>ti tava anukampatthāya eva āgatā, na vimukhabhāvatthāyāti adhippāyo. ‘‘Ime samaṇā nāmā’’ti ajānantassa ‘‘samaṇā mayaṃ, mahārājā’’ti kasmā thero āhāti ce? Asokadhammarājena pesitasāsaneneva pubbe gahitasamaṇasaññaṃ sāretuṃ evamāhāti. Imamatthaṃ vibhāvetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tena ca samayenā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Adiṭṭhā hutvā sahāyakāti <span class="bld">adiṭṭhasahāyakā,</span> aññamaññaṃ adisvāva sahāyakabhāvaṃ upagatāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Chātapabbatapāde</span>ti chātavāhassa nāma pabbatassa pāde. Taṃ kira pabbataṃ anurādhapurā pubbadakkhiṇadisābhāge atirekayojanadvayamatthake tiṭṭhati. Tamhi ṭhāne pacchā saddhātisso nāma mahārājā vihāraṃ kārāpesi, taṃ ‘‘chātavihāra’’nti vohariṃsu. <span class="bld">‘‘Rathayaṭṭhippamāṇā</span>ti āyāmato ca āvaṭṭato ca rathapatodena samappamāṇā’’ti tīsupi <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Mahāvaṃse</span>pi vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Chātapabbatapādamhi<a name="V1.0143"></a>, tisso ca veḷuyaṭṭhiyo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Jātā rathapatodena, samānā parimāṇato’’ti.</p>
<p class="unindented"><span class="bld">Gaṇṭhipade</span> pana ‘‘rathayaṭṭhippamāṇāti rathassa dhajayaṭṭhippamāṇā’’ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Uppajjiṃsū</span>ti tassa abhisekasamakālameva uppajjiṃsu. Evamuttaripi vakkhamānānaṃ <a name="M1.0161"></a> acchariyānaṃ pātubhāvo veditabbo. Tathā ca vuttaṃ <span class="bld">mahāvaṃse</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Devānaṃpiyatisso so, rājāsi pituaccaye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tassābhisekena samaṃ, bahūnacchariyānahū’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ekā latā yaṭṭhi nāmā</span>ti kañcanalatāya paṭimaṇḍitattā evaṃladdhanāmā ekā yaṭṭhi ahosi. <span class="bld">Taṃ alaṅkaritvā uppannalatā</span>ti taṃ rajatavaṇṇaṃ yaṭṭhiṃ alaṅkaritvā tattheva cittakammakatā viya uppannalatā. <span class="bld">Khāyatī</span>ti dissati. <span class="bld">Kiñjakkhānī</span>ti kesarāni. Etāni ca pupphayaṭṭhiyaṃ nīlapupphādīni sakuṇayaṭṭhiyañca nānappakārā migapakkhino tattheva cittakammakatā viya paññāyantīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Setā rajatayaṭṭhīvā</span>ti rajatamayayaṭṭhi viya ekā yaṭṭhi setavaṇṇāti attho. <span class="bld">Latā</span>ti tattheva cittakammakatā viya dissamānalatā. <span class="bld">Nīlādi yādisaṃ puppha</span>nti yādisaṃ loke nīlādipupphaṃ atthi, tādisaṃ pupphayaṭṭhimhi khāyatīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anekavihitaṃ ratanaṃ uppajjī</span>ti anekappakāraṃ ratanaṃ samuddato sayameva tīraṃ āruhitvā velante ūmivegābhijātamariyādavaṭṭi viya uppajji, uṭṭhahitvā aṭṭhāsīti attho. <span class="bld">Tambapaṇṇiyaṃ pana aṭṭha muttā uppajjiṃsū</span>ti etthāpi tambapaṇṇiyaṃ samuddato sayameva uṭṭhahitvā jātito aṭṭha muttā samuddatīre vuttanayeneva ṭhitāti veditabbā. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">mahāvaṃse</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Laṅkādīpamhi sakale, nidhayo ratanāni ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Antoṭhitāni uggantvā, pathavītalamāruhuṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Laṅkādīpasamīpamhi, bhinnanāvāgatāni ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tatra jātāni ca thalaṃ, ratanāni samāruhuṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Hayagajā <a name="V1.0144"></a> rathāmalakā, valayaṅguliveṭhakā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kakudhaphalā pākatikā, iccetā aṭṭha jātito.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Muttā samuddā uggantvā, tīre vaṭṭi viya ṭhitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Devānaṃpiyatissassa, sabbapuññavijambhita’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Hayamuttā</span>ti <a name="M1.0162"></a> assarūpasaṇṭhānamuttā. <span class="bld">Gajamuttā</span>ti hatthirūpasaṇṭhānā. Evaṃ sabbattha taṃtaṃsaṇṭhānavasena muttābhedo veditabbo. <span class="bld">Aṅguliveṭhakamuttā</span>ti aṅgulīyakasaṇṭhānā, muddikāsaṇṭhānāti attho. <span class="bld">Kakudhaphalamuttā</span>ti kakudharukkhaphalākārā bahū asāmuddikā muttā. <span class="bld">Rājakakudhabhaṇḍānī</span>ti rājārahauttamabhaṇḍāni. Tāni sarūpena dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘chattaṃ cāmara’’</span>ntiādi. Aññañca bahuvidhaṃ paṇṇākāraṃ pahiṇīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Saṅkha</span>nti abhisekāsiñcanakaṃ sāmuddikaṃ dakkhiṇāvaṭṭaṃ saṅkhaṃ. Anotattodakameva <span class="bld">‘‘gaṅgodaka’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Vaḍḍhamāna</span>nti alaṅkāracuṇṇaṃ. ‘‘Nahānacuṇṇa’’nti keci. <span class="bld">Vaṭaṃsaka</span>nti kaṇṇapiḷandhanavaṭaṃsakanti vuttaṃ hoti. ‘‘Vaṭaṃsakaṃ kaṇṇacūḷikaṭṭhāne olambaka’’ntipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Bhiṅgāra</span>nti suvaṇṇamayaṃ mahābhiṅgāraṃ. ‘‘Makaramukhasaṇṭhānā balikammādikaraṇatthaṃ katā bhājanavikatī’’tipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Nandiyāvaṭṭa</span>nti kākapadasaṇṭhānā maṅgalatthaṃ katā suvaṇṇabhājanavikati. <span class="bld">Kañña</span>nti khattiyakumāriṃ. <span class="bld">Adhovimaṃ dussayuga</span>nti kiliṭṭhe jāte aggimhi pakkhittamatte parisuddhabhāvamupagacchantaṃ adhovimaṃ dussayugaṃ. <span class="bld">Hatthapuñchana</span>nti pītavaṇṇaṃ mahagghaṃ hatthapuñchanapaṭaṃ. <span class="bld">Haricandana</span>nti harivaṇṇacandanaṃ, suvaṇṇavaṇṇacandananti attho. Lohitacandanaṃ vā, gositacandananti attho. Taṃ kira uddhane kuthitatelamhi pakkhittamattaṃ sakalampi telaṃ aggiñca nibbāpanasamatthaṃ candanaṃ. Teneva ‘‘gositacandana’’nti vuccati. Gosaddena hi jalaṃ vuccati, taṃ viya sitaṃ candanaṃ gositacandanaṃ. Nāgabhavanasambhavaṃ <span class="bld">aruṇavaṇṇamattikaṃ. Harītakaṃ āmalaka</span>nti agadaharītakaṃ agadāmalakaṃ. Taṃ khippameva sarīramalasodhanādikaraṇasamatthaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Uṇhīsa</span>nti uṇhīsapaṭṭaṃ. <span class="bld">Veṭhana</span>nti sīsaveṭhanaṃ. <span class="bld">Sārapāmaṅga</span>nti uttamaṃ ratanapāmaṅgasuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Vatthakoṭika</span>nti vatthayugameva. <span class="bld">Nāgamāhaṭa</span>nti nāgehi āhaṭaṃ. <span class="bld">Ma</span>-kāro padasandhikaro. <span class="bld">Amatosadha</span>nti evaṃnāmikā guḷikajāti, amatasadisakiccattā evaṃ vuccati. Taṃ kira paripanthaṃ vidhametvā sabbattha sādhentehi agadosadhasambhārehi yojetvā vaṭṭetvā kataṃ guḷikaṃ. Taṃ pana rājūnaṃ mukhasodhananahānapariyosāne mahatā parihārena upanenti. Tena te aṅgarāgaṃ nāma karonti, karontā ca yathārahaṃ dvīhi tīhi agadosadharaṅgatilakāhi nalāṭakaaṃsakūṭauramajjhasaṅkhātaṃ <a name="V1.0145"></a> aṅgaṃ <a name="M1.0163"></a> sajjetvā aṅgarāgaṃ karontīti veditabbaṃ. Sā pana guḷikā ahivicchikādīnampi visaṃ hanati, tenapi taṃ vuccati ‘‘amatosadha’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ahaṃ buddhañcā</span>tiādīsu sabbadhamme yāthāvato abujjhi paṭibujjhīti buddhoti saṅkhyaṃ gataṃ sammāsambuddhañca, adhigatamagge sacchikatanirodhe yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāne ca apāyesu apatamāne dhāretīti dhammoti saṅkhyaṃ gataṃ pariyattiyā saddhiṃ nava lokuttaradhammañca, diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena saṃhatattā saṅghoti saṅkhyaṃ gataṃ ariyasāvakasaṅghañca ahaṃ saraṇaṃ gato parāyaṇanti upagato, bhajiṃ sevinti attho. Atha vā hiṃsati tappasādataggarukatāhi vihatakilesena tapparāyaṇatākārappavattena cittuppādena saraṇagatānaṃ teneva saraṇagamanena bhayaṃ santāsaṃ dukkhaṃ duggatiṃ parikilesaṃ hanati vināsetīti <span class="bld">saraṇaṃ,</span> ratanattayassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Apica sammāsambuddho hite pavattanena ahitā ca nivattanena sattānaṃ bhayaṃ hiṃsatīti saraṇanti vuccati. Dhammopi bhavakantārā uttāraṇena assāsadānena ca sattānaṃ bhayaṃ hiṃsatīti saraṇanti vuccati. Saṅghopi appakānampi kārānaṃ vipulaphalapaṭilābhakaraṇena sattānaṃ bhayaṃ hiṃsatīti saraṇanti vuccati. Iminā atthena saraṇabhūtaṃ ratanattayaṃ teneva kāraṇena saraṇanti gato avagato, jāninti attho. <span class="bld">Upāsakattaṃ desesi</span>nti ratanattayaṃ upāsatīti upāsakoti evaṃ dassitaṃ upāsakabhāvaṃ mayi abhiniviṭṭhaṃ vācāya pakāsesinti attho, ‘‘upāsakohaṃ ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gato’’ti evaṃ upāsakattaṃ paṭivedesinti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Sakyaputtassa sāsane</span>ti sakyassa suddhodanassa putto so bhagavā sakyaputto, tassa sakyaputtassa sāsaneti attho. <span class="bld">Saddhā</span>ti saddhāya, ‘‘sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā’’tiādīsu viya yakāralopo daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Upehī</span>ti upagaccha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Asokaraññā pesitena abhisekenā</span>ti asokaraññā pesitena abhisekupakaraṇena. Yadā hi devānaṃpiyatisso mahārājā attano sahāyassa dhammāsokarañño ito veḷuyaṭṭhiyādayo mahārahe paṇṇākāre pesesi. Tadā sopi te disvā pasīditvā ativiya tuṭṭho ‘‘imehi atirekataraṃ kiṃ nāma mahagghaṃ paṭipaṇṇākāraṃ sahāyassa me pesessāmī’’ti amaccehi saddhiṃ <a name="M1.0164"></a> mantetvā laṅkādīpe abhisekaparihāraṃ pucchitvā ‘‘na tattha īdiso abhisekaparihāro atthī’’ti sutvā ‘‘sādhu vata me sahāyassa abhisekaparihāraṃ pesessāmī’’ti vatvā sāmuddikasaṅkhādīni tīṇi saṅkhāni ca gaṅgodakañca aruṇavaṇṇamattikañca aṭṭhaṭṭha khattiyabrāhmaṇagahapatikaññāyo ca suvaṇṇarajatalohamattikāmayaghaṭe ca aṭṭhahi seṭṭhikulehi saddhiṃ aṭṭha amaccakulāni cāti evaṃ sabbaṭṭhakaṃ nāma idha pesesi ‘‘imehi me sahāyassa puna abhisekaṃ karothā’’ti, aññañca abhisekatthāya <a name="V1.0146"></a> bahuṃ paṇṇākāraṃ pesesi. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘asokaraññā pesitena abhisekenā’’ti. Eko māso abhisittassa assāti <span class="bld">ekamāsābhisitto</span>. Kathaṃ pana tassa tadā ekamāsābhisittatā viññāyatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘visākhapuṇṇamāyaṃ hissa abhisekamakaṃsū’’</span>ti, pubbe katābhisekassapi asokaraññā pesitena anagghena parihārena visākhapuṇṇamāyaṃ puna abhisekamakaṃsūti attho. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">mahāvaṃse</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Te migasiramāsassa, ādicandodayaṃ dine;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Abhisittañca laṅkindaṃ, amaccā sāmibhattino.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dhammāsokassa vacanaṃ, sutvā sāmihite ratā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Punāpi abhiseciṃsu, laṅkāhitasukhe rata’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dīpavaṃse</span>pi cetaṃ vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Visākhamāse dvādasiyaṃ, jambudīpā idhāgatā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Abhisekaṃ saparivāraṃ, asokadhammena pesitaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dutiyaṃ abhisiñcittha, rājānaṃ devānaṃpiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Abhisitto dutiyābhisekena, visākhamāse uposathe.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tato māse atikkamma, jeṭṭhamāse uposathe;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mahindo sattamo hutvā, jambudīpā idhāgato’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tadā pana tassa rañño visākhapuṇṇamāya abhisekassa katattā tato pabhuti yāvajjatanā visākhapuṇṇamāyameva abhisekakaraṇamāciṇṇaṃ. Abhisekavidhānañcettha evaṃ veditabbaṃ – abhisekamaṅgalatthaṃ alaṅkatappaṭiyattassa <a name="M1.0165"></a> maṇḍapassa anto katassa udumbarasākhamaṇḍapassa majjhe suppatiṭṭhite udumbarabhaddapīṭhamhi abhisekārahaṃ abhijaccaṃ khattiyaṃ nisīdāpetvā paṭhamaṃ tāva maṅgalābharaṇabhūsitā jātisampannā khattiyakaññā gaṅgodakapuṇṇaṃ sāmuddikaṃ dakkhiṇāvaṭṭasaṅkhaṃ ubhohi hatthehi sakkaccaṃ gahetvā sīsopari ussāpetvā tena tassa muddhani abhisekodakaṃ abhisiñcati, evañca vadeti ‘‘deva, taṃ sabbepi khattiyagaṇā attānamārakkhaṇatthaṃ <a name="V1.0147"></a> iminā abhisekena abhisekikaṃ mahārājaṃ karonti, tvaṃ rājadhammesu ṭhito dhammena samena rajjaṃ kārehi, etesu khattiyagaṇesu tvaṃ puttasinehānukampāya sahitacitto hitasamamettacitto ca bhava, rakkhāvaraṇaguttiyā tesaṃ rakkhito ca bhavāhī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato puna purohitopi purohiccaṭṭhānānurūpālaṅkārehi alaṅkatappaṭiyatto gaṅgodakapuṇṇaṃ rajatamayasaṅkhaṃ ubhohi hatthehi sakkaccaṃ gahetvā tassa sīsopari ussāpetvā tena tassa muddhani abhisekodakaṃ abhisiñcati, evañca vadeti ‘‘deva, taṃ sabbepi brāhmaṇagaṇā attānamārakkhaṇatthaṃ iminā abhisekena abhisekikaṃ mahārājaṃ karonti, tvaṃ rājadhammesu ṭhito dhammena samena rajjaṃ kārehi, etesu brāhmaṇesu tvaṃ puttasinehānukampāya sahitacitto hitasamamettacitto ca bhava, rakkhāvaraṇaguttiyā tesaṃ rakkhito ca bhavāhī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato puna seṭṭhipi seṭṭhiṭṭhānānurūpabhūsanabhūsito gaṅgodakapuṇṇaṃ ratanamayasaṅkhaṃ ubhohi hatthehi sakkaccaṃ gahetvā tassa sīsopari ussāpetvā tena tassa muddhani abhisekodakaṃ abhisiñcati, evañca vadeti ‘‘deva taṃ sabbepi gahapatigaṇā attānamārakkhaṇatthaṃ iminā abhisekena abhisekikaṃ mahārājaṃ karonti, tvaṃ rājadhammesu ṭhito dhammena samena rajjaṃ kārehi, etesu gahapatigaṇesu tvaṃ puttasinehānukampāya sahitacitto hitasamamettacitto ca bhava, rakkhāvaraṇaguttiyā tesaṃ rakkhito ca bhavāhī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Te pana tassa evaṃ vadantā ‘‘sace tvaṃ amhākaṃ vacanānurūpena rajjaṃ kāressasi, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce kāressasi, tava muddhā sattadhā phalatū’’ti evaṃ rañño abhisapanti viyāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Imasmiṃ pana dīpe devānaṃpiyatissassa <a name="M1.0166"></a> muddhani dhammāsokeneva idha pesitā khattiyakaññāyeva anotattodakapuṇṇena sāmuddikadakkhiṇāvaṭṭasaṅkhena abhisekodakaṃ abhisiñcīti vadanti. Idañca yathāvuttaṃ abhisekavidhānaṃ majjhimanikāye <span class="bld">cūḷasīhanādasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ</span> sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāyampi ‘‘paṭhamaṃ tāva abhisekaṃ gaṇhantānaṃ rājūnaṃ suvaṇṇamayādīni tīṇi saṅkhāni ca gaṅgodakañca khattiyakaññañca laddhuṃ vaṭṭatī’’tiādinā vuttanti vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ kathayamāno</span>ti pītipāmojjasaṅkhātasammodajananato sammodituṃ yuttabhāvato ca sammodanīyaṃ ‘‘kacci bhante khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci vo appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāro’’ti evamādikathaṃ kathayamāno. <span class="bld">Cha jane dassesī</span>ti raññā saddhiṃ āgatānaṃ ‘‘na ime yakkhā, manussā ime’’ti sañjānanatthaṃ bhaṇḍukassa <a name="V1.0148"></a> upāsakassa ānītattā tena saddhiṃ cha jane dassesi. <span class="bld">Tevijjā</span>ti pubbenivāsadibbacakkhuāsavakkhayasaṅkhātāhi tīhi vijjāhi samannāgatā. <span class="bld">Iddhippattā</span>ti iddhividhañāṇaṃ pattā. <span class="bld">Cetopariyakovidā</span>ti paresaṃ cittācāre kusalā. Evamettha pañca abhiññā sarūpena vuttā, dibbasotaṃ pana tāsaṃ vasena āgatameva hoti. <span class="bld">Bahū</span>ti evarūpā chaḷabhiññā buddhasāvakā bahū gaṇanapathaṃ atikkantā sakalajambudīpaṃ kāsāvapajjotaṃ katvā vicarantīti. Keci pana ‘‘tevijjā iddhippattā ca khīṇāsavā cetopariyakovidā keci khīṇāsavāti visuṃ yojetvā ‘arahanto’ti iminā sukkhavipassakā vuttā’’ti vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paññāveyyattiya</span>nti paññāpāṭavaṃ, paññāya tikkhavisadabhāvanti attho. <span class="bld">Āsanna</span>nti āsanne ṭhitaṃ. <span class="bld">Sādhu mahārāja paṇḍitosī</span>ti rājānaṃ pasaṃsati. Puna vīmaṃsanto <span class="bld">‘‘atthi pana te mahārājā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Cūḷahatthipadopamasuttantaṃ kathesī</span>ti ‘‘ayaṃ rājā ‘ime samaṇā nāma īdisā, sīlādipaṭipatti ca tesaṃ īdisī’ti ca na jānāti, handa naṃ imāya cūḷahatthipadopamasuttantadesanāya samaṇabhāvūpagamanaṃ samaṇapaṭipattiñca viññāpessāmī’’ti cintetvā paṭhamaṃ <span class="bld">cūḷahatthipadopamasuttantaṃ</span> kathesi. Tattha hi –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Evameva kho, brāhmaṇa, idha tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno…pe… sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti, taṃ dhammaṃ suṇāti gahapati <a name="M1.0167"></a> vā gahapatiputto vā aññatarasmiṃ vā kule paccājāto, so taṃ dhammaṃ sutvā tathāgate saddhaṃ paṭilabhati, so tena saddhāpaṭilābhena samannāgato iti paṭisañcikkhati ‘sambādho gharāvāso rajopatho, abbhokāso pabbajjā, nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ, yannūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyya’nti. So aparena samayena appaṃ vā bhogakkhandhaṃ pahāya mahantaṃ vā bhogakkhandhaṃ pahāya appaṃ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṃ pahāya mahantaṃ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṃ pahāya kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘So evaṃ pabbajito samāno bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho, lajjī dayāpanno sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharati.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Adinnādānaṃ <a name="V1.0149"></a> pahāya adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti dinnādāyī dinnapāṭikaṅkhī, athenena sucibhūtena attanā viharatī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.291-292) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādinā sāsane saddhāpaṭilābhaṃ paṭiladdhasaddhehi ca pabbajjupagamanaṃ pabbajitehi ca paṭipajjitabbā sīlakkhandhādayo dhammā pakāsitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Rājā suttantaṃ suṇantoyeva aññāsī</span>ti ‘‘so bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhā paṭivirato hoti, ekabhattiko hoti rattuparato virato vikālabhojanā’’ti evaṃ tasmiṃ suttante (ma. ni. 1.293) āgatattā taṃ suṇantoyeva aññāsi. <span class="bld">Idheva vasissāmā</span>ti na tāva rattiyā upaṭṭhitattā anāgatavacanamakāsi. <span class="bld">Āgataphalo</span>ti anāgāmiphalaṃ sandhāyāha, sampattaanāgāmiphaloti attho. Tatoyeva ca visesato aviparītaviditasatthusāsanattā <span class="bld">viññātasāsano. Idāni pabbajissatī</span>ti gihiliṅgena ānītakiccassa niṭṭhitattā evamāha. <span class="bld">Acirapakkantassa rañño</span>ti raññe <a name="M1.0168"></a> acirapakkanteti attho. <span class="bld">Adhiṭṭhahitvā</span>ti antotambapaṇṇidīpe samāgatā suṇantūti adhiṭṭhahitvā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhūmattharaṇasaṅkhepenā</span>ti bhūmattharaṇākārena. <span class="bld">Uppātapāṭhakā</span>ti nimittapāṭhakā, nemittakāti attho. <span class="bld">Gahitā dāni imehi pathavī</span>ti āsanānaṃ pathaviyaṃ atthatattā evamāhaṃsu. <span class="bld">Patiṭṭhahissatīti cintento</span>ti ettha tena kāraṇena sāsanapatiṭṭhānassa abhāvato avassaṃ patiṭṭhahantassa sāsanassa pubbanimittamidanti evaṃ pubbanimittabhāvena sallakkhesīti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Paṇītenā</span>ti uttamena. <span class="bld">Sahatthā</span>ti sahatthena <span class="bld">santappetvā</span>ti suṭṭhu tappetvā, paripuṇṇaṃ suhitaṃ yāvadatthaṃ katvāti attho. <span class="bld">Petavatthuṃ vimānavatthuṃ saccasaṃyuttañca kathesī</span>ti desanāvidhikusalo thero janassa saṃvegaṃ janetuṃ paṭhamaṃ petavatthuṃ kathetvā tadanantaraṃ saṃvegajātaṃ janaṃ assāsetuṃ saggakathāvasena vimānavatthuñca kathetvā tadanantaraṃ paṭiladdhassāsānaṃ ‘‘mā ettha assādaṃ karotha nibbānaṃ vinā na aññaṃ kiñci saṅkhāragataṃ dhuvaṃ nāma atthi, tasmā paramassāsakaṃ nibbānamadhigantuṃ vāyamathā’’ti saccapaṭivedhatthāya ussāhaṃ janento ante saccasaṃyuttaṃ kathesīti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tesaṃ sutvā</span>ti tesaṃ santikā therānaṃ guṇakathaṃ sutvā. <span class="bld">Rañño saṃviditaṃ katvā</span>ti rañño nivedanaṃ katvā, rājānaṃ paṭivedayitvāti attho. <span class="bld">Alaṃ gacchāmā</span>ti purassa accāsannattā sāruppaṃ na hotīti paṭipakkhipanto āha. <span class="bld">Meghavanaṃ nāma uyyāna</span>nti mahāmeghavanuyyānaṃ. Tassa kira <a name="V1.0150"></a> uyyānassa bhūmiggahaṇadivase akālamahāmegho uṭṭhahitvā sabbataḷākapokkharaṇiyo pūrento gimhābhihatarukkhalatādīnaṃ anuggaṇhantova pāvassi, tena kāraṇena taṃ mahāmeghavanaṃ nāma uyyānaṃ jātaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">mahāvaṃse</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Uyyānaṭṭhānaggahaṇe, mahāmegho akālajo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pāvassi tena uyyānaṃ, mahāmeghavanaṃ ahū’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sukhasayitabhāvaṃ pucchitvā</span>ti ‘‘kacci, bhante, idha sukhaṃ sayittha, tumhākaṃ idha nivāso sukha’’nti evaṃ sukhasayitabhāvaṃ pucchitvā tato therena ‘‘sukhasayitamhi, mahārāja, bhikkhūnaṃ phāsukamidaṃ uyyāna’’nti vutte ‘‘evaṃ sati <a name="M1.0169"></a> idaṃ no uyyānaṃ dassāmī’’ti cintetvā <span class="bld">‘‘kappati, bhante, bhikkhusaṅghassa ārāmo’’</span>ti pucchi. <span class="bld">Imaṃ sutta</span>nti veḷuvanārāmapaṭiggahaṇe vuttamimaṃ suttaṃ. <span class="bld">Udaka</span>nti dakkhiṇodakaṃ. <span class="bld">Mahāmeghavanuyyānaṃ adāsī</span>ti ‘‘imaṃ mahāmeghavanuyyānaṃ saṅghassa dammī’’ti vatvā jeṭṭhamāsassa kāḷapakkhe dutiyadivase adāsi. Mahāvihārassa dakkhiṇodakapāteneva saddhiṃ patiṭṭhitabhāvepi na tāva tattha vihārakammaṃ niṭṭhitanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘idañca paṭhamaṃ vihāraṭṭhānaṃ bhavissatī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Punadivasepī</span>ti kāḷapakkhassa dutiyadivaseyeva. <span class="bld">Aḍḍhanavamānaṃ pāṇasahassāna</span>nti aḍḍhena navamānaṃ pāṇasahassānaṃ, pañcasatādhikānaṃ aṭṭhasahassānanti attho. <span class="bld">Jotipātubhāvaṭṭhāna</span>nti ñāṇālokassa pātubhāvaṭṭhānaṃ. <span class="bld">Appamādasutta</span>nti aṅguttaranikāye <span class="bld">mahāappamādasuttaṃ,</span> rājovādasuttanti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mahacca</span>nti karaṇatthe paccattavacanaṃ, mahatā rājānubhāvenāti attho. Tumhe jānanatthanti sambandho. <span class="bld">Ariṭṭho nāma amacco</span>ti rañño bhāgineyyo ariṭṭho nāma amacco. <span class="bld">Pañcapaṇṇāsāyā</span>ti ettha ‘‘catupaṇṇāsāyā’’ti vattabbaṃ. Evañhi sati upari vuccamānaṃ ‘‘dvāsaṭṭhi arahanto’’ti vacanaṃ sameti. Teneva ca sīhaḷabhāsāya likhite <span class="bld">mahāvaṃse</span> ‘‘catupaṇṇāsāya saddhi’’nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Dasabhātikasamākulaṃ rājakula</span>nti muṭasivassa puttehi abhayo devānaṃpiyatisso mahānāgo uttiyo mattābhayo sūratissoti evamādīhi dasahi bhātikehi samākiṇṇaṃ rājakulaṃ. <span class="bld">Cetiyagirimhi vassaṃ vasiṃsū</span>ti āsāḷhīpuṇṇamadivase raññā dinnavihāreyeva paṭiggahetvā pāṭipadadivase vassaṃ vasiṃsu. <span class="bld">Pavāretvā</span>ti mahāpavāraṇāya pavāretvā. <span class="bld">Kattikapuṇṇamāya</span>nti aparakattikapuṇṇamāyaṃ. Mahāmahindatthero hi purimikāyaṃ upagantvā vutthavasso mahāpavāraṇāya pavāretvā tato ekamāsaṃ atikkamma cātumāsiniyaṃ puṇṇamadivase ariyagaṇaparivuto rājakulaṃ gantvā bhojanāvasāne ‘‘mahārāja, amhehi ciradiṭṭho <a name="V1.0151"></a> sammāsambuddho’’tiādivacanamabrvi. Evañca katvā vakkhati ‘‘puṇṇamāyaṃ mahāvīro, cātumāsiniyā idhā’’ti. Yaṃ panettha <span class="bld">kenaci</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘vutthavasso pavāretvāti cātumāsiniyā pavāraṇāyāti attho, paṭhamapavāraṇāya vā pavāretvā ekamāsaṃ tattheva vasitvā kattikapuṇṇamiyaṃ avoca, aññathā ‘puṇṇamāyaṃ <a name="M1.0170"></a> mahāvīro’ti vuttattā na sakkā gahetu’’nti, tattha cātumāsiniyā pavāraṇāyāti ayamatthavikappo na yujjati. Na hi purimikāya vassūpagatā cātumāsiniyaṃ pavārenti. <span class="bld">Ciradiṭṭho sammāsambuddho</span>ti satthussa sarīrāvayavo ca sammāsambuddhoyevāti katvā avayave samudāyavohāravasena evamāhāti daṭṭhabbaṃ yathā ‘‘samuddo diṭṭho’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Therena vuttampi gamanakāraṇaṃ ṭhapetvā idha vāse payojanameva dassetvā gamanaṃ paṭisedhetukāmo āha <span class="bld">‘‘ahaṃ bhante tumhe’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Abhivādanā</span>dīsu ācariyaṃ disvā abhivādanakaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">abhivādanaṃ</span> nāma. Yasmiṃ vā disābhāge ācariyo vasati iriyāpathe kappento, tato abhimukhova vanditvā gacchati, vanditvā tiṭṭhati, vanditvā nisīdati, vanditvā nipajjati, idaṃ abhivādanaṃ nāma. Ācariyaṃ pana dūratova disvā paccuṭṭhāya paccuggamanakaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">paccuṭṭhānaṃ</span> nāma. Ācariyaṃ pana disvā añjaliṃ paggayha sīse ṭhapetvā ācariyaṃ namassati, yasmiṃ disābhāge so vasati, tadabhimukhopi tatheva namassati, gacchantopi ṭhitopi nisinnopi añjaliṃ paggayha namassatiyevāti idaṃ <span class="bld">añjalikammaṃ</span> nāma. Anucchavikakammassa pana karaṇaṃ <span class="bld">sāmīcikaraṇaṃ</span> nāma. Cīvarādīsu hi cīvaraṃ dento na yaṃ vā taṃ vā deti, mahagghaṃ satamūlagghampi pañcasatamūlagghampi satasahassamūlagghampi detiyeva. Piṇḍapātādīsupi eseva nayo. Idaṃ sāmīcikaraṇaṃ nāma. <span class="bld">Sarīradhātuyo</span>ti sarīrāvayavā. <span class="bld">Aññāta</span>nti aññātaṃ, viditaṃ mayāti attho. <span class="bld">Kuto lacchāmā</span>ti kuto labhissāma. <span class="bld">Sumanena saddhiṃ mantehī</span>ti paṭhamameva sāmaṇerassa kathitattā vā ‘‘jānāti esa amhākamadhippāya’’nti ñatvā vā evamāhāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Appossukko tvaṃ mahārājā</span>ti mahārāja tvaṃ dhātūnaṃ paṭilābhe mā ussukkaṃ karohi, mā tvaṃ tattha vāvaṭo bhava, aññaṃ tayā kattabbaṃ karohīti adhippāyo. Idāni tadeva raññā kattabbakiccaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘vīthiyo sodhāpetvā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Sabbatāḷāvacare upaṭṭhāpetvā</span>ti kaṃsatāḷāditāḷaṃ avacarati etthāti tāḷāvacaraṃ vuccati ātatavitatādi <a name="M1.0171"></a> sabbaṃ tūriyabhaṇḍaṃ. Teneva <span class="bld">parinibbānasuttaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> ‘‘sabbañca tāḷāvacaraṃ sannipātethāti ettha sabbañca tāḷāvacaranti sabbaṃ tūriyabhaṇḍa’’nti vuttaṃ. Ettha pana sahacaraṇanayena sabbatūriyabhaṇḍānaṃ vādakāpi <a name="V1.0152"></a> gahetuṃ vaṭṭantīti te sabbe upaṭṭhāpetvā sannipātetvāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Lacchasī</span>ti labhissasi. <span class="bld">Therā cetiyagirimeva agamaṃsū</span>ti rājanivesanato nikkhamitvā puna cetiyagirimeva agamaṃsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tāvadevā</span>ti taṃ khaṇaṃyeva. <span class="bld">Pāṭaliputtadvāre</span>ti pāṭaliputtanagaradvāre. <span class="bld">Kiṃ bhante sumana āhiṇḍasī</span>ti sumana tvaṃ samaṇadhammaṃ akatvā kasmā vicarasīti pucchati. <span class="bld">Cetiyagirimhiyeva patiṭṭhāpetvā</span>ti pacchā tattha vihāratthāya ākaṅkhitabbabhāvato cetiyagirimhiyeva patiṭṭhāpetvā. <span class="bld">Vaḍḍhamānakacchāyāyā</span>ti pacchābhattanti attho. Pacchābhattameva hi chāyā vaḍḍhati. <span class="bld">Athassa etadahosī</span>ti dhātucaṅkoṭakaṃ disvā evaṃ cintesi. <span class="bld">Chattaṃ apanamatū</span>ti idaṃ setacchattaṃ sayameva me sīsoparito dhātucaṅkoṭakābhimukhaṃ hutvā namatūti attho. <span class="bld">Mayhaṃ matthake patiṭṭhātū</span>ti idaṃ dhātucaṅkoṭakaṃ therassa hatthato dhātuyā saha āgantvā sirasmiṃ me patiṭṭhātūti attho. <span class="bld">Pokkharavassaṃ</span> nāma pokkharapattappamāṇaṃ valāhakamajjhe uṭṭhahitvā kamena pharitvā temetukāmeyeva temayamānaṃ mahantaṃ hutvā vassati. <span class="bld">Mahāvīro</span>ti mahāparakkamo. Mahāvīrāvayavattā cettha satthuvohārena dhātuyo eva niddiṭṭhā. Dhātusarīrenāgamanañhi sandhāya ayaṃ gāthā vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pacchimadisābhimukhova hutvā apasakkanto</span>ti piṭṭhito piṭṭhitoyeva pacchimadisābhimukho hutvā osakkanto, gacchantoti attho. Kiñcāpi esa pacchimadisaṃ na oloketi, tathāpi pacchimadisaṃ sandhāya gacchatīti ‘‘pacchimadisābhimukho’’ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Puratthimena dvārena nagaraṃ pavisitvā</span>ti ettha piṭṭhito piṭṭhitoyeva āgantvā dvāre sampatte parivattetvā ujukeneva nagaraṃ pāvisīti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Mahejavatthu nāmā</span>ti mahejanāmakena yakkhena pariggahitaṃ ekaṃ devaṭṭhānanti veditabbaṃ<a name="M1.0172"></a>. <span class="bld">Paribhogacetiyaṭṭhāna</span>nti ettha paribhuttūpakaraṇāni nidahitvā kataṃ cetiyaṃ paribhogacetiyanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tividhañhi cetiyaṃ vadanti paribhogacetiyaṃ dhātucetiyaṃ dhammacetiyanti. Tattha <span class="bld">paribhogacetiyaṃ</span> vuttanayameva. <span class="bld">Dhātucetiyaṃ</span> pana dhātuyo nidahitvā kataṃ. Paṭiccasamuppādādilikhitapotthakaṃ nidahitvā kataṃ pana <span class="bld">dhammacetiyaṃ</span> nāma. Sārīrikaṃ paribhogikaṃ uddissakanti evampi tippabhedaṃ cetiyaṃ vadanti. Ayaṃ pana pabhedo paṭimārūpassapi uddissakacetiyeneva saṅgahitattā suṭṭhutaraṃ yujjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ pana idaṃ ṭhānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ buddhānaṃ paribhogacetiyaṭṭhānaṃ ahosīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘atīte kirā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Pajjarakenā</span>ti ettha pajjarako nāma rogo vuccati. So ca yakkhānubhāvena samuppannoti <a name="V1.0153"></a> veditabbo. Tadā kira puṇṇakāḷo nāma yakkho attano ānubhāvena manussānampi sarīre pajjarakaṃ nāma rogaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">mahāvaṃse</span> –</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Rakkhasehi janassettha, rogo pajjarako ahū’’ti;</p>
<p class="unindented"><span class="bld">Dīpavaṃse</span>pi cetaṃ vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Rakkhasā ca bahū tattha, pajjarā ca samuṭṭhitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pajjarena bahū sattā, nassanti dīpamuttame’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anayabyasana</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">anayo</span>ti avaḍḍhi. Kāyikaṃ cetasikañca sukhaṃ byasati vikkhipati vināsetīti <span class="bld">byasana</span>nti dukkhaṃ vuccati. Kiñcāpi ‘‘buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ olokento’’ti vuttaṃ, tathāpi ‘‘te satte anayabyasanamāpajjante disvā’’ti vacanato paṭhamaṃ buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ oloketvā pacchā sabbaññutaññāṇena lokaṃ olokento te satte anayabyasanamāpajjante disvāti gahetabbaṃ. Na hi āsayānusayādibuddhacakkhussa te sattā anayabyasanaṃ āpajjantā dissanti. <span class="bld">Dubbuṭṭhikā</span>ti visamavassādivasena duṭṭhā asobhanā vuṭṭhiyeva dubbuṭṭhikā, sassuppattihetubhūtā kāyasukhuppattisappāyā sattupakārā sammā vuṭṭhi tattha na hotīti adhippāyo. Tatoyeva ca <span class="bld">‘‘dubbhikkhaṃ dussassa’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Bhikkhāya abhāvo<a name="M1.0173"></a>, dullabhabhāvo vā <span class="bld">dubbhikkhaṃ,</span> sulabhā tattha bhikkhā na hotīti vuttaṃ hoti. Sassānaṃ abhāvo, asampannatā vā <span class="bld">dussassaṃ. Devo</span>ti meghassetaṃ nāmaṃ. <span class="bld">Sammādhāramanupavecchī</span>ti udakadhāraṃ sammā vimuñci, sammā anupavassīti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mahāvivādo hotī</span>ti tasmiṃ kira kāle jayantamahārājena ca tassa rañño kaniṭṭhabhātukena samiddhakumāranāmakena uparājena ca saddhiṃ imasmiṃ dīpe mahāyuddhaṃ upaṭṭhitaṃ. Tenetaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘tena kho pana samayena maṇḍadīpe mahāvivādo hotī’’ti. <span class="bld">Hotī</span>ti kiriyā kālamapekkhitvā vattamānapayogo, vivādassa pana atītakālikattaṃ ‘‘tena kho pana samayenā’’ti imināva viññāyati. Saddantarasannidhānena hettha atītakālāvagamo yathā ‘‘bhāsate vaḍḍhate tadā’’ti. Evaṃ sabbattha īdisesu ṭhānesu vattamānapayogo daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Kalahaviggahajātā</span>ti ettha kalaho nāma matthakappatto kāyakalahopi vācākalahopi. Tattha hatthaparāmāsādivasena kāyena kātabbo kalaho <span class="bld">kāyakalaho</span>. Mammaghaṭṭanādivasena vācāya kātabbo kalaho <span class="bld">vācākalaho</span><a name="V1.0154"></a>. Vipaccanīkagahaṇaṃ <span class="bld">viggaho</span>. Kalahassa pubbabhāge uppanno aññamaññaviruddhagāho. Atha vā kalaho nāma <span class="bld">vācākalaho</span>. Aññamaññaṃ hatthaparāmāsādivasena virūpaṃ viruddhaṃ vā gahaṇaṃ viggaho <span class="bld">kāyakalaho</span>. Yathāvutto kalaho ca viggaho ca jāto sañjāto etesanti kalahaviggahajātā, sañjātakalahaviggahāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tāni sāsanantaradhānena nassantī</span>ti pariyattipaṭivedhapaṭipattisaṅkhātassa tividhassapi sāsanassa antaradhānena dhātuparinibbāne sati tāni cetiyāni vinassanti. Tīṇi (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 3.161; vibha. aṭṭha. 809) hi parinibbānāni kilesaparinibbānaṃ khandhaparinibbānaṃ dhātuparinibbānanti, tāni pana amhākaṃ bhagavato vasena evaṃ veditabbāni. Tassa hi <span class="bld">kilesaparinibbānaṃ</span> bodhipallaṅke ahosi, <span class="bld">khandhaparinibbānaṃ</span> kusinārāyaṃ. <span class="bld">Dhātuparinibbānaṃ</span> anāgate bhavissati. Sāsanassa kira osakkanakāle imasmiṃ tambapaṇṇidīpe dhātuyo sannipatitvā <a name="M1.0174"></a> mahācetiyaṃ gamissanti, mahācetiyato nāgadīpe rājāyatanacetiyaṃ, tato mahābodhipallaṅkaṃ gamissanti, nāgabhavanatopi devalokatopi brahmalokatopi dhātuyo mahābodhipallaṅkameva gamissanti, sāsapamattāpi dhātu na antarā nassissati. Sabbā dhātuyo mahābodhipallaṅke rāsibhūtā suvaṇṇakkhandho viya ekagghanā hutvā chabbaṇṇarasmiyo vissajjessanti, tā dasasahassilokadhātuṃ pharissanti. Tato dasasahassacakkavāḷe devatā sannipatitvā ‘‘ajja satthā parinibbāti, ajja sāsanaṃ osakkati, pacchimadassanaṃ dāni idaṃ amhāka’’nti dasabalassa parinibbutadivasato mahantataraṃ kāruññaṃ karissanti, ṭhapetvā anāgāmikhīṇāsave avasesā sakabhāvena saṇṭhātuṃ na sakkhissanti. Dhātūsu tejodhātu uṭṭhahitvā yāva brahmalokā uggacchissati, sāsapamattiyāpi dhātuyā sati ekajālāva bhavissati, dhātūsu pariyādānaṃ gatāsu paricchijjissati. Evaṃ mahantaṃ ānubhāvaṃ dassetvā dhātūsu antarahitāsu sāsanaṃ antarahitaṃ nāma hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Divā bodhirukkhaṭṭhāne hatthisālāyaṃ tiṭṭhatī</span>ti divā vatthuvicinanāya okāsaṃ kurumāno tato dhātuṃ gahetvā kumbhe ṭhapetvā sadhātukova hutvā tiṭṭhatīti vadanti. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">mahāvaṃse</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Rattiṃ nāgonupariyāti, taṃ ṭhānaṃ so sadhātukaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bodhiṭṭhānamhi sālāyaṃ, divā ṭhāti sadhātuko’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Thūpapatiṭṭhānabhūmiṃ pariyāyatī</span>ti matthakato dhātuṃ tattha patiṭṭhāpetvā sadhātukaṃ thūpapatiṭṭhānabhūmiṃ rattibhāge <a name="V1.0155"></a> pariyāyati, samantato vicaratīti attho. <span class="bld">Jaṅghappamāṇa</span>nti pupphaṭṭhānappamāṇaṃ. Thūpakucchito heṭṭhābhāgañhi thūpassa jaṅghāti vadanti. <span class="bld">Dhātuoropanatthāyā</span>ti hatthikumbhato dhātukaraṇḍakassa oropanatthāya. <span class="bld">Sakalanagarañca janapado cā</span>ti nagaravāsino janapadavāsino ca abhedato nagarajanapadasaddehi vuttā ‘‘sabbo gāmo āgato, mañcā ukkuṭṭhiṃ karontī’’tiādīsu viya. <span class="bld">Mahājanakāye</span>ti mahājanasamūhe. Samūhapariyāyo hettha kāyasaddo. Ekekadhātuppadesato tejodakanikkhamanādivasena yamakayamakaṃ hutvā pavattaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ <span class="bld">yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ</span><a name="M1.0175"></a>. Channaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ rasmiyo cāti sambandho kātabbo. Channaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ udakadhārā cāti evampettha sambandhaṃ vadanti. Parinibbutepi bhagavati tassānubhāvena evarūpaṃ pāṭihāriyamahosiyevāti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ acintiyā’’</span>tiādigāthamāha. <span class="bld">Buddhadhammā</span>ti ettha buddhaguṇā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dharamānakālepi tikkhattuṃ āgamāsī</span>ti bhagavā kira abhisambodhito navame māse phussapuṇṇamadivase yakkhādhivāsaṃ laṅkādīpamupagantvā laṅkāmajjhe tiyojanāyate yojanavitthate mahānāgavanuyyāne mahāyakkhasamāgame upariākāse ṭhatvā kappuṭṭhānasamaye samuṭṭhitavuṭṭhivātanibbisesavassavāyunā ca lokantarikanirayandhakārasadisaghorandhakāranikāyena ca sītanarakanibbisesabahalasītena ca saṃvaṭṭakālasañjātavātasaṅkhubhitehi meghanabhagajjitasadisena gaganamedanīninnādena ca yakkhānaṃ bhayaṃ santāsaṃ janetvā tehi yācitābhayo ‘‘detha me samaggā nisīdanaṭṭhāna’’nti vatvā ‘‘dema te sakaladīpaṃ, dehi no, mārisa, abhaya’’nti vutte sabbaṃ taṃ upaddavaṃ antaradhāpetvā yakkhadattabhūmiyā cammakhaṇḍaṃ pattharitvā tattha nisinno samantato jalamānaṃ cammakhaṇḍaṃ pasāretvā kappuṭṭhānaggisadisadahanābhibhūtānaṃ jaladhisalilabhītānaṃ samantā velante bhamantānaṃ yakkhānaṃ giridīpaṃ dassetvā tesu tattha patiṭṭhitesu taṃ yathāṭhāne patiṭṭhāpetvā cammakhaṇḍaṃ saṅkhipitvā nisinno tadā samāgate anekadevatāsannipāte dhammaṃ desetvā anekapāṇakoṭīnaṃ dhammābhisamayaṃ katvā sumanakūṭavāsinā mahāsumanadevarājena samadhigatasotāpattiphalena yācitapūjanīyo sīsaṃ parāmasitvā muṭṭhimattā nīlāmalakesadhātuyo tassa datvā jambudīpamagamāsi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dutiyaṃ abhisambodhito pañcame saṃvacchare cūḷodaramahodarānaṃ jalathalanivāsīnaṃ mātulabhāgineyyānaṃ nāgarājūnaṃ maṇipallaṅkaṃ nissāya upaṭṭhitamahāsaṅgāme nāgānaṃ mahāvināsaṃ disvā cittamāsakāḷapakkhassa uposathadivase pātova samiddhasumanena nāma rukkhadevaputtena chattaṃ katvā dhāritarājāyatano nāgadīpaṃ samāgantvā saṅgāmamajjhe ākāse pallaṅkena nisinno ghorandhakārena <a name="V1.0156"></a> nāge santāsetvā assāsento ālokaṃ dassetvā sañjātapītisomanassānaṃ upagatanāgānaṃ sāmaggikaraṇīyaṃ dhammaṃ desetvā mātulabhāgineyyehi dvīhi nāgarājūhi <a name="M1.0176"></a> pūjite pathavītalagate maṇipallaṅke nisinno nāgehi dibbannapānehi santappito jalathalanivāsino asītikoṭināge saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca patiṭṭhāpetvā tehi namassituṃ pallaṅkañca rājāyatanapādapañca tattha patiṭṭhāpetvā jambudīpamagamāsi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatiyampi abhisambodhito aṭṭhame saṃvacchare mahodaramātulena maṇiakkhikanāgarājenābhiyācito visākhapuṇṇamadivase pañcabhikkhusataparivuto kalyāṇīpadese maṇiakkhikassa bhavanamupagantvā tattha māpitaruciraratanamaṇḍape manoharavarapallaṅke nisinno nāgarājena dibbannapānehi santappetvā nāgamāṇavikagaṇaparivutena dibbamālāgandhādīhi pūjito tattha dhammaṃ desetvā vuṭṭhāyāsanā sumanakūṭe padaṃ dassetvā pabbatapāde divāvihāraṃ katvā dīghavāpicetiyaṭṭhāne ca mubhiyaṅgaṇacetiyaṭṭhāne ca kalyāṇīcetiyaṭṭhāne ca mahābodhiṭṭhāne ca thūpārāmaṭṭhāne ca mahācetiyaṭṭhāne ca sasāvako nisīditvā nirodhasamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā silācetiyaṭṭhāneyeva ṭhatvā devanāge samanusāsitvā jambudīpamagamāsi. Evaṃ bhagavā dharamānakālepi imaṃ dīpaṃ tikkhattuṃ āgamāsīti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni tadeva tikkhattumāgamanaṃ saṅkhepato vibhāvento āha <span class="bld">‘‘paṭhamaṃ yakkhadamanattha’’</span>ntiādi. <span class="bld">Rakkhaṃ karonto</span>ti yakkhānaṃ puna apavisanatthāya rakkhaṃ karonto. <span class="bld">Āvijjī</span>ti samantato vicari. <span class="bld">Mātulabhāgineyyāna</span>nti cūḷodaramahodarānaṃ. Ettha pana kiñcāpi bhagavā samiddhasumanena nāma devaputtena saddhiṃ āgato, tathāpi pacchāsamaṇena ekenapi bhikkhunā saddhiṃ anāgatattā <span class="bld">‘‘ekakova āgantvā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Tadanurūpassa paripanthassa vihatattā <span class="bld">‘‘pariḷāhaṃ vūpasametvā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Rañño bhātā</span>ti rañño kaniṭṭhabhātā. <span class="bld">Abhayo</span>ti mattābhayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anuḷā devī</span>ti rañño jeṭṭhabhātujāyā anuḷā devī. <span class="bld">Purimakānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ sammāsambuddhānaṃ bodhi patiṭṭhāsī</span>ti yadā hi so <span class="bld">kakusandho</span> nāma bhagavā imasmiṃ dīpe manusse pajjarakābhibhūte anayabyasanamāpajjante disvā karuṇāya sañcoditahadayo imaṃ dīpamāgato, tadā <a name="M1.0177"></a> taṃ rogabhayaṃ vūpasametvā sannipatitānaṃ dhammaṃ desento caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayaṃ katvā sāyanhasamaye bodhipatiṭṭhānārahaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā tattha samāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya ‘‘mama sirīsamahābodhito dakkhiṇamahāsākhamādāya rucanandā bhikkhunī idhāgacchatū’’ti adhiṭṭhāsi<a name="V1.0157"></a>. Sā satthu cittaṃ ñatvā taṅkhaṇaññeva khemavatīrājadhāniyā khemarājānamādāya mahābodhimupagantvā dakkhiṇamahāsākhāya manosilālekhaṃ khemarājena dāpetvā taṃ sayaṃ chijjitvā suvaṇṇakaṭāhe ṭhitaṃ bodhisākhamādāya pañcasatabhikkhunīhi ceva devatāhi ca parivāritā iddhiyā idhānetvā tathāgatena pasārite dakkhiṇahatthe sasuvaṇṇakaṭāhaṃ mahābodhiṃ ṭhapesi. Taṃ tathāgato abhayassa nāma rañño datvā tena tasmiṃ samaye ‘‘mahātitthavana’’nti paññāte mahāmeghavanuyyāne patiṭṭhāpesi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Koṇāgamano</span> ca bhagavā dubbuṭṭhipīḷite dīpavāsino disvā imaṃ dīpamāgato taṃ bhayaṃ vūpasametvā dhammaṃ desento caturāsīti pāṇasahassāni maggaphalesu patiṭṭhāpetvā pubbabodhiṭṭhānaṃ gantvā samāpattipariyosāne ‘‘mama udumbaramahābodhito dakkhiṇamahāsākhamādāya karakanattā bhikkhunī idhāgacchatū’’ti cintesi. Sā bhagavato adhippāyaṃ viditvā taṅkhaṇaññeva sobharājadhāniyā sobharājānamādāya mahābodhimupagantvā dakkhiṇamahāsākhāya manosilālekhaṃ sobharājena dāpetvā taṃ sayaṃ chijjitvā hemakaṭāhe patiṭṭhitaṃ bodhisākhamādāya pañcasatabhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ suragaṇaparivutā iddhiyā idhāharitvā satthārā pasāritadakkhiṇapāṇitale sahemakaṭāhaṃ mahābodhiṃ ṭhapesi. Taṃ tathāgato samiddhassa rañño datvā tena tasmiṃ samaye ‘‘mahānāgavana’’nti saṅkhyaṃ gate mahāmeghavanuyyāne mahābodhiṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kassapo</span>pi ca bhagavā upaṭṭhitarājūparājayuddhena pāṇino vināsaṃ disvā karuṇāya codito imaṃ dīpamāgantvā taṃ kalahaṃ vūpasametvā dhammaṃ desento caturāsīti pāṇasahassāni maggaphalaṃ pāpetvā mahābodhiṭṭhānaṃ gantvā tattha samāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya ‘‘mama nigrodhamahābodhito dakkhiṇamahāsākhamādāya sudhammā bhikkhunī idhāgacchatū’’ti adhiṭṭhāsi. Sā bhagavato cittaṃ viditvā taṅkhaṇaññeva bārāṇasīrājadhāniyā <a name="M1.0178"></a> brahmadattarājānamādāya mahābodhimupagantvā dakkhiṇamahāsākhāya manosilālekhaṃ brahmadattena dāpetvā taṃ sayaṃ chijjitvā kanakakaṭāhe ṭhitaṃ bodhisākhamādāya pañcasatabhikkhunīparivārā devagaṇaparivutā iddhiyā ettha ānetvā munindena pasārite dakkhiṇakaratale sasuvaṇṇakaṭāhaṃ mahābodhiṃ ṭhapesi. Taṃ bhagavā jayantarañño datvā tena tasmiṃ samaye ‘‘mahāsālavana’’nti saṅkhyaṃ gate mahāmeghavanuyyāne mahābodhiṃ patiṭṭhāpesi. Evaṃ imasmiṃ dīpe purimakānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ sammāsambuddhānaṃ bodhiṃ patiṭṭhāpesi. Taṃ sandhāya evamāha ‘‘imasmiñca mahārāja dīpe purimakānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ sammāsambuddhānaṃ bodhi patiṭṭhāsī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sarasaraṃsijālavissajjanakenā</span>ti <a name="V1.0158"></a> siniddhatāya rasavantaṃ ojavantaṃ abhinavaraṃsijālaṃ vissajjentena. Atha vā ito cito ca saṃsaraṇato sarasaṃ sajīvaṃ jīvamānaṃ viya raṃsijālaṃ vissajjentena. Atha vā sarasakāle dharamānakāle buddhena viya raṃsijālaṃ muñcantenāti evamettha atthaṃ vaṇṇayanti. Ekadivaseneva agamāsīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Pañcahi kaññāsatehī</span>ti attano paricārikehi pañcahi kaññāsatehi. <span class="bld">Upassayaṃ kārāpetvā</span>ti bhikkhunupassayaṃ kārāpetvā. <span class="bld">Appesī</span>ti lekhasāsanaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi. <span class="bld">Evañca avocā</span>ti rājasandesaṃ appetvā therassa mukhasāsanaṃ viññāpento evaṃ avoca. <span class="bld">Udikkhatī</span>ti apekkhati pattheti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Chinnahatthaṃ viyā</span>ti chinnahatthavantaṃ viya. Chinnā hatthā etassāti chinnahatthoti aññapadatthasamāso daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Pabbajjāpurekkhārā</span>ti pabbajjābhimukhā, pabbajjāya sañjātābhilāsā ‘‘kadā nu kho pabbajissāmī’’ti tattha ussukkamāpannāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Maṃ paṭimānetī</span>ti maṃ udikkhati. Satthena ghātaṃ na arahatīti <span class="bld">asatthaghātārahaṃ. Himavalāhakagabbha</span>nti himapuṇṇavalāhakagabbhaṃ. Pāṭihāriyavasena jātaṃ himameva ‘‘valāhakagabbha’’ntipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Doṇamattā</span>ti magadhanāḷiyā soḷasanāḷippamāṇā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Magga</span>nti sattayojanikaṃ maggaṃ. <span class="bld">Paṭijaggāpetvā</span>ti sodhāpetvā, khāṇukaṇṭakādīni harāpetvā tattha bahalavipulavālukaṃ okirāpetvāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Kammāravaṇṇa</span>nti rañño pakatisuvaṇṇakāravaṇṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Navahatthaparikkhepa</span>nti navahatthappamāṇo parikkhepo assāti navahatthaparikkhepaṃ, parikkhepato <a name="M1.0179"></a> navahatthappamāṇanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">‘‘Pañcahatthubbedha’’</span>ntiādīsupi imināva nayena attho veditabbo. <span class="bld">Tihatthavikkhambha</span>nti tihatthappamāṇavitthāraṃ. <span class="bld">Samussitadhajapaṭāka</span>nti ussāpitanīlapītādivividhadhajapaṭākaṃ. <span class="bld">Nānāratanavicitta</span>nti tattha tattha racitanānāratanehi suvicittaṃ. <span class="bld">Anekālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍita</span>nti pasannajanapūjitehi hatthūpagādīhi nānālaṅkārehi sajjitaṃ. <span class="bld">Nānāvidhakusumasamākiṇṇa</span>nti upahāravasena upanītehi nānappakārehi vaṇṇagandhasampannehi jalathalapupphehi ākiṇṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Anekatūriyasaṅghuṭṭha</span>nti ātabhavitatādipañcaṅgikatūriyasaṅghositaṃ. <span class="bld">Avasesaṃ adassanaṃ agamāsī</span>ti ettha ‘‘handa, mahārāja, tayā gahetabbā ayaṃ sākhā, tassa upanissayabhūto ayaṃ khandho, na mayaṃ tayā gahetabbā’’ti vadantā viya avasesā sākhā satthu tejasā adassanamagamaṃsūti vadanti. <span class="bld">Gavakkhajālasadisa</span>nti bhāvanapuṃsakaṃ, jālakavāṭasadisaṃ katvāti attho. <span class="bld">Celukkhepasatasahassāni pavattiṃsū</span>ti tesaṃ tesaṃ janānaṃ sīsopari bhamantānaṃ uttarāsaṅgacelānaṃ ukkhepasatasahassāni pavattiṃsūti <a name="V1.0159"></a> attho. <span class="bld">Mūlasatenā</span>ti dasasu lekhāsu ekekāya dasa dasa hutvā nikkhantamūlasatena. <span class="bld">Dasa mahāmūlā</span>ti paṭhamalekhāya nikkhantadasamahāmūlāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Devadundubhiyo phaliṃsū</span>ti devadundubhiyo thaniṃsu. <span class="bld">Devadundubhī</span>ti ca na ettha kāci bherī adhippetā, atha kho uppātabhāvena ākāsagato nigghosasaddo. <span class="bld">Devo</span>ti hi megho. Tassa hi acchabhāvena ākāsavaṇṇassa devassābhāvena sukkhagajjitasaññite sadde niccharante devadundubhīti samaññā, tasmā devadundubhiyo phaliṃsūti devo sukkhagajjitaṃ gajjīti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Pabbatānaṃ naccehī</span>ti pathavīkampena ito cito ca bhamantānaṃ pabbatānaṃ naccehi. <span class="bld">Yakkhānaṃ hiṅkārehī</span>ti vimhayajātānaṃ yakkhānaṃ vimhayappakāsanavasena pavattehi hiṅkārasaddehi. Yakkhā hi vimhayajātā ‘‘hiṃ hi’’nti saddaṃ nicchārenti. <span class="bld">Thutijappehī</span>ti pasaṃsāvacanehi. <span class="bld">Brahmānaṃ apphoṭanehī</span>ti pītisomanassajātānaṃ brahmānaṃ bāhāyaṃ paharaṇasaṅkhātehi apphoṭanehi. Pītisomanassajātā hi brahmāno vāmahatthaṃ samiñjitvā dakkhiṇena hatthena bāhāyaṃ pahāraṃ denti. <span class="bld">Ekakolāhala</span>nti ekato pavattakolāhalaṃ<a name="M1.0180"></a>. <span class="bld">Ekaninnāda</span>nti ekato pavattanigghosaṃ. Phalato nikkhantā chabbaṇṇarasmiyo ujukaṃ uggantvā onamitvā cakkavāḷapabbatamukhavaṭṭiṃ āhacca tiṭṭhantīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sakalacakkavāḷaṃ ratanagopānasīvinaddhaṃ viya kurumānā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Taṅkhaṇato ca pana pabhutī</span>ti vuttanayena suvaṇṇakaṭāhe patiṭṭhitassa mahābodhissa chabbaṇṇarasmīnaṃ vissajjitakālato pabhuti. <span class="bld">Himavalāhakagabbhaṃ pavisitvā aṭṭhāsī</span>ti suvaṇṇakaṭāheneva saddhiṃ uggantvā himodakapuṇṇaṃ valāhakagabbhaṃ pavisitvā aṭṭhāsi. Paṭhamaṃ suvaṇṇakaṭāhe patiṭṭhitoyeva hi bodhi pacchā vuttappakāraacchariyapaṭimaṇḍito hutvā himavalāhakagabbhaṃ pavisitvā aṭṭhāsi. Teneva vakkhati ‘‘paṭhamaṃ suvaṇṇakaṭāhe patiṭṭhahi, tato himagabbhasattāhaṃ abhisekasattāhañca vītināmetvā’’tiādi. Tatoyeva ca <span class="bld">mahāvaṃse</span>pi vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Evaṃ satena mūlānaṃ, tatthesā gandhakaddame;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Patiṭṭhāsi mahābodhi, pasādentī mahājanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tassā khandho dasahattho, pañca sākhā manoramā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Catuhatthā catuhatthā, dasaḍḍhaphalamaṇḍitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sahassantu pasākhānaṃ, sākhānaṃ tāsamāsi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ āsi mahābodhi, manoharasirindharā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kaṭāhamhi <a name="V1.0160"></a> mahābodhi, patiṭṭhitakkhaṇe mahī;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Akampi pāṭihīrāni, ahesuṃ vividhāni ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sayaṃ nādehi tūriyānaṃ, devesu mānusesu ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sādhukāraninnādehi, devabrahmagaṇassa ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Meghānaṃ migapakkhīnaṃ, yakkhādīnaṃ ravehi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ravehi ca mahīkampe, ekakolāhalaṃ ahu.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bodhiyā phalapattehi, chabbaṇṇaraṃsiyo subhā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nikkhamitvā cakkavāḷaṃ, sakalaṃ sobhayiṃsu ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sakaṭāhā mahābodhi, uggantvāna tato nabhaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Aṭṭhāsi himagabbhamhi, sattāhāni adassanā’’ti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Tasmā <a name="M1.0181"></a> suvaṇṇakaṭāhe patiṭṭhitoyeva bodhi kaṭāheneva saddhi uggantvā himavalāhakagabbhaṃ pavisitvā aṭṭhāsīti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Heṭṭhā pana bhagavato adhiṭṭhānakkamaṃ dassentena yaṃ vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Bhagavā kira mahāparinibbānamañce nipanno laṅkādīpe mahābodhipatiṭṭhāpanatthāya asokamahārājā mahābodhiggahaṇatthaṃ gamissati, tadā mahābodhissa dakkhiṇasākhā sayameva chijjitvā suvaṇṇakaṭāhe patiṭṭhātūti adhiṭṭhāsi, idamekamadhiṭṭhānaṃ.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Tattha patiṭṭhānakāle ca ‘mahābodhi himavalāhakagabbhaṃ pavisitvā tiṭṭhatū’ti adhiṭṭhāsi, idaṃ dutiyamadhiṭṭhānaṃ.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Sattame divase himavalāhakagabbhato oruyha suvaṇṇakaṭāhe patiṭṭhahanto pattehi ca phalehi ca chabbaṇṇarasmiyo muñcatūti adhiṭṭhāsi, idaṃ tatiyamadhiṭṭhāna’’nti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Taṃ <a name="V1.0161"></a> iminā na sameti. Tattha hi paṭhamaṃ himavalāhakagabbhaṃ pavisitvā pacchā sattame divase himavalāhakagabbhato oruyha chabbaṇṇaraṃsivissajjanaṃ suvaṇṇakaṭāhe patiṭṭhahanañca vuttaṃ, tasmā aṭṭhakathāya pubbenāparaṃ na sameti. <span class="bld">Mahāvaṃse</span> pana adhiṭṭhānepi paṭhamaṃ suvaṇṇakaṭāhe patiṭṭhahanaṃ pacchāyeva chabbaṇṇaraṃsivissajjanaṃ himavalāhakagabbhapavisanañca. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Parinibbānamañcamhi, nipannena jinena hi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kataṃ mahāadhiṭṭhānaṃ, pañcakaṃ pañcacakkhunā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Gayhamānā mahābodhi-sākhāsokena dakkhiṇā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Chijjitvāna sayaṃyeva, patiṭṭhātu kaṭāhake.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Patiṭṭhahitvā sā sākhā, chabbaṇṇarasmiyo subhā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Rājayantī disā sabbā, phalapattehi muñcatu.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sasuvaṇṇakaṭāhā sā, uggantvāna manoramā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Adissamānā sattāhaṃ, himagabbhamhi tiṭṭhatū’’ti.</p>
<p class="unindented"><span class="bld">Bodhivaṃse</span>pi <a name="M1.0182"></a> ca ayameva adhiṭṭhānakkamo vutto, tasmā aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vutto adhiṭṭhānakkamo yathā pubbenāparaṃ na virujjhati, tathā vīmaṃsitvā gahetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Himañca chabbaṇṇaraṃsiyo ca āvattitvā mahābodhimeva pavisiṃsū</span>ti mahābodhiṃ paṭicchādetvā ṭhitaṃ himañca bodhito nikkhantachabbaṇṇarasmiyo ca āvattitvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā bodhimeva pavisiṃsu, bodhipaviṭṭhā viya hutvā antarahitāti vuttaṃ hoti. Ettha pana ‘‘himañca raṃsiyo cā’’ti ayameva pāṭho satasodhitasammate porāṇapotthake sesesu ca sabbapotthakesu dissati. <span class="bld">Mahāvaṃse</span>pi cetaṃ vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Atīte tamhi sattāhe, sabbe himavalāhakā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pavisiṃsu mahābodhiṃ, sabbā tā raṃsiyopi cā’’ti.</p>
<p class="unindented"><span class="bld">Kenaci</span> pana ‘‘pañca raṃsiyo’’ti pāṭhaṃ parikappetvā yaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘sabbadisāhi pañca rasmiyo āvattitvāti <a name="V1.0162"></a> pañcahi phalehi nikkhantattā pañca, tā pana chabbaṇṇāvā’’ti, taṃ tassa sammohavijambhitamattanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Paripuṇṇakhandhasākhāpasākhapañcaphalapaṭimaṇḍito</span>ti paripuṇṇakhandhasākhāpasākhāhi ceva pañcahi ca phalehi paṭimaṇḍito, samantato vibhūsitoti attho. <span class="bld">Abhisekaṃ datvā</span>ti anotattodakena abhisekaṃ datvā. <span class="bld">Mahābodhiṭṭhāneyeva aṭṭhāsī</span>ti bodhisamīpeyeva vasi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pubbakattikapavāraṇādivase</span>ti assayujamāsassa juṇhapakkhapuṇṇamiyaṃ. Cātuddasīuposathattā dvisattāhe jāte uposatho sampattoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘kāḷapakkhassa uposathadivase’’</span>ti, assayujamāsakāḷapakkhassa cātuddasīuposatheti attho. <span class="bld">Pācīnamahāsālamūle ṭhapesī</span>ti nagarassa pācīnadisābhāge jātassa mahāsālarukkhassa heṭṭhā maṇḍapaṃ kāretvā tattha ṭhapesi. <span class="bld">Sattarasame divase</span>ti pāṭipadadivasato dutiyadivase. <span class="bld">Kattikachaṇapūjaṃ addasā</span>ti kattikachaṇavasena bodhissa kariyamānaṃ pūjaṃ sumanasāmaṇero addasa, disvā ca āgato sabbaṃ taṃ pavattiṃ ārocesi. Taṃ sandhāyeva ca thero bodhiāharaṇatthaṃ pesesi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aṭṭhārasa devatākulānī</span>ti mahābodhiṃ parivāretvā ṭhitanāgayakkhādidevatākulāni datvāti sambandho. Amaccakulāni bodhissa kattabbavicāraṇatthāya <a name="M1.0183"></a> adāsi, brāhmaṇakulāni lokasammatattā udakāsiñcanatthāya adāsi, kuṭumbiyakulāni bodhissa kattabbapūjopakaraṇagopanatthāya adāsi. ‘‘Gopakā rājakammino tathā taracchā’’ti <span class="bld">mahāgaṇṭhipade</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Gaṇṭhipade</span> pana ‘‘gopakakulāni bodhisiñcanatthaṃ khīradhenupālanatthāya taracchakulāni kāliṅgakulāni vissāsikāni padhānamanussakulānī’’ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Kāliṅgakulānī</span>ti ettha ‘‘udakādigāhakā kāliṅgā’’ti <span class="bld">mahāgaṇṭhipade</span> vuttaṃ. ‘‘Kaliṅgesu janapade jātisampannakulaṃ kāliṅgakula’’nti keci. <span class="bld">Iminā parivārenā</span>ti sahatthe karaṇavacanaṃ, iminā vuttappakāraparivārena saddhinti attho. <span class="bld">Viñjhāṭaviṃ samatikkammā</span>ti rājā sayampi mahābodhissa paccuggamanaṃ karonto senaṅgaparivuto thalapathena gacchanto viñjhāṭaviṃ nāma aṭaviṃ atikkamitvā. <span class="bld">Tāmalittiṃ anuppatto</span>ti tāmalittiṃ nāma titthaṃ sampatto. <span class="bld">Idamassa tatiya</span>nti suvaṇṇakaṭāhe patiṭṭhitamahābodhissa rajjasampadānaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tato pubbe panesa ekavāraṃ saddhāya sakalajambudīparajjena mahābodhiṃ pūjesiyeva, tasmā tena saddhiṃ catutthamidaṃ rajjasampadānaṃ. Mahābodhiṃ pana yasmiṃ yasmiṃ divase rajjena pūjesi, tasmiṃ tasmiṃ divase sakalajambudīparajjato uppannaṃ āyaṃ gahetvā mahābodhipūjaṃ kāresi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Māgasiramāsassā</span>ti <a name="V1.0163"></a> migasiramāsassa. <span class="bld">Paṭhamapāṭipadadivase</span>ti sukkapakkhapāṭipadadivase. Tañhi kaṇhapakkhapāṭipadadivasaṃ apekkhitvā ‘‘paṭhamapāṭipadadivasa’’nti vuccati. Idañca imasmiṃ dīpe pavattamānavohāraṃ gahetvā vuttaṃ. Tattha pana puṇṇamito paṭṭhāya yāva aparā puṇṇamī, tāva eko māsoti vohārassa pavattattā tena vohārena ‘‘dutiyapāṭipadadivase’’ti vattabbaṃ siyā. Tattha hi kaṇhapakkhapāṭipadadivasaṃ ‘‘paṭhamapāṭipada’’nti vuccati. <span class="bld">Ukkhipitvā</span>ti mahāsālamūle dinnehi soḷasahi jātisampannakulehi saddhiṃ ukkhipitvāti vadanti. <span class="bld">Gacchati vatare</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">are</span>ti khede. Tenevāha ‘‘kanditvā’’ti, bodhiyā adassanaṃ asahamāno roditvā paridevitvāti attho. <span class="bld">Sarasaraṃsijāla</span>nti ettha pana heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva attho veditabbo. <span class="bld">Mahābodhisamāruḷhā</span>ti mahābodhinā samāruḷhā. <span class="bld">Passato passato</span>ti anādare sāmivacanaṃ, passantassevāti attho<a name="M1.0184"></a>. <span class="bld">Mahāsamuddatalaṃ pakkhantā</span>ti mahāsamuddassa udakatalaṃ pakkhandi. <span class="bld">Samantā yojana</span>nti samantato ekekena passena yojanappamāṇe padese. Accantasaṃyoge cetaṃ upayogavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Vīciyo vūpasantā</span>ti vīciyo na uṭṭhahiṃsu, nāhesunti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Pavajjiṃsū</span>ti viraviṃsu, nādaṃ pavattayiṃsūti attho. <span class="bld">Rukkhādisannissitāhī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena pabbatādisannissitā devatā saṅgaṇhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Supaṇṇarūpenā</span>ti supaṇṇasadisena rūpena. <span class="bld">Nāgakulāni santāsesī</span>ti mahābodhiggahaṇatthaṃ āgatāni nāgakulāni santāsesi, tesaṃ bhayaṃ uppādetvā palāpesīti vuttaṃ hoti. Tadā hi samuddavāsino nāgā mahābodhiṃ gahetuṃ vātavassandhakārādīhi mahantaṃ vikubbanaṃ akaṃsu. Tato saṅghamittattherī garuḷavaṇṇaṃ māpetvā tena garuḷarūpena ākāsaṃ pūrayamānā sikhāmarīcijālena gaganaṃ ekandhakāraṃ katvā pakkhappahāravātena mahāsamuddaṃ āloḷetvā saṃvaṭṭajaladhinādasadisena ravena nāgānaṃ hadayāni bhindantī viya tāsetvā nāge palāpesi. <span class="bld">Te ca utrastarūpā nāgā āgantvā</span>ti te ca vuttanayena uttāsitā nāgā puna āgantvā. <span class="bld">Taṃ vibhūti</span>nti taṃ iddhipāṭihāriyasaṅkhātaṃ vibhūtiṃ, taṃ acchariyanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Therī yācitvā</span>ti ‘‘ayye, amhākaṃ bhagavā mucalindanāgarājassa bhogāvaliṃ attano gandhakuṭiṃ katvā sattāhaṃ tassa saṅgahaṃ akāsi. Abhisambujjhanadivase nerañjarānadītīre attano ucchiṭṭhapattaṃ mahākāḷanāgassa vissajjesi. Uruvelanāgena māpitaṃ visadhūmadahanaṃ agaṇetvā tassa saraṇasīlābharaṇamadāsi. Mahāmoggallānattheraṃ pesetvā nandopanandanāgarājānaṃ dametvā nibbisaṃ akāsi. Evaṃ so lokanāyako amhākaṃ upakārako, tvampi no dosamassaritvā muhuttaṃ mahābodhiṃ vissajjetvā nāgalokassa saggamokkhamaggaṃ sampādehī’’ti evaṃ yācitvā. <span class="bld">Mahābodhiviyogadukkhito</span>ti mahābodhiviyogena <a name="V1.0164"></a> dukkhito sañjātamānasikadukkho. <span class="bld">Kanditvā</span>ti imassa pariyāyavacanamattaṃ <span class="bld">roditvā</span>ti, guṇakittanavasena vā punappunaṃ roditvā, vilāpaṃ katvāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Uttaradvārato</span>ti anurādhapurassa uttaradvārato. <span class="bld">Maggaṃ sodhāpetvā</span>ti khāṇukaṇṭakādīnaṃ uddharāpanavasena maggaṃ sodhāpetvā. <span class="bld">Alaṅkārāpetvā</span>ti <a name="M1.0185"></a> vālukādīnaṃ okirāpanādivasena sajjetvā. <span class="bld">Samuddasālavatthusmi</span>nti samuddāsannasālāya vatthubhūte padese. Tasmiṃ kira padese ṭhitehi samuddassa diṭṭhattā taṃ acchariyaṃ pakāsetuṃ tattha ekā sālā katā. Sā nāmena ‘‘samuddāsannasālā’’ti pākaṭā jātā. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Samuddāsannasālāya, ṭhāne ṭhatvā mahaṇṇave;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Āgacchantaṃ mahābodhiṃ, mahātheriddhiyāddasa.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tasmiṃ ṭhāne katā sālā, pakāsetuṃ tamabbhutaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘Samuddāsannasālā’ti, nāmenāsidha pākaṭā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tāya vibhūtiyā</span>ti tāya vuttappakārāya pūjāsakkārādisampattiyā. <span class="bld">Therassā</span>ti mahāmahindattherassa. Maggassa kira ubhosu passesu antarantarā pupphehi kūṭāgārasadisasaṇṭhānāni pupphacetiyāni kārāpesi. Taṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘antarantare pupphaagghiyāni ṭhapento’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Āgato vatare</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">are</span>ti pasaṃsāyaṃ, sādhu vatāti attho. <span class="bld">Soḷasahi jātisampannakulehī</span>ti aṭṭhahi amaccakulehi aṭṭhahi ca brāhmaṇakulehīti evaṃ soḷasahi jātisampannakulehi. <span class="bld">Samuddatīre mahābodhiṃ ṭhapetvā</span>ti samuddavelātale alaṅkatappaṭiyatte ramaṇīye maṇḍape mahābodhiṃ ṭhapetvā. Evaṃ pana katvā sakalatambapaṇṇirajjena mahābodhiṃ pūjetvā soḷasannaṃ kulānaṃ rajjaṃ niyyātetvā sayaṃ dovārikaṭṭhāne ṭhatvā tayo divase anekappakāraṃ pūjaṃ kārāpesi. Taṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘tīṇi divasānī’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Rajjaṃ vicāresī</span>ti rajjaṃ vicāretuṃ vissajjesi, soḷasahi vā jātisampannakulehi rajjaṃ vicārāpesīti attho. <span class="bld">Catutthe divase</span>ti migasiramāsassa sukkapakkhadasamiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Anupubbena anurādhapuraṃ sampatto</span>ti dasamiyaṃ alaṅkatappaṭiyattarathe mahābodhiṃ ṭhapetvā uḷārapūjaṃ kurumāno pācīnapassavihārassa patiṭṭhātabbaṭṭhānamānetvā tattha saṅghassa pātarāsaṃ pavattetvā mahindattherena bhāsitaṃ nāgadīpe dasabalena kataṃ nāgadamanaṃ sutvā ‘‘sammāsambuddhena nisajjādinā paribhuttaṭṭhānesu thūpādīhi sakkāraṃ karissāmī’’ti saññāṇaṃ kāretvā tato āharitvā tavakkabrāhmaṇassa <a name="V1.0165"></a> gāmadvāre ṭhapetvā pūjetvā evaṃ tasmiṃ tasmiṃ ṭhāne pūjaṃ katvā iminā anukkamena anurādhapuraṃ <a name="M1.0186"></a> sampatto. <span class="bld">Cātuddasīdivase</span>ti migasiramāsasseva sukkapakkhacātuddase. <span class="bld">Vaḍḍhamānakacchāyāyā</span>ti chāyāya vaḍḍhamānasamaye, sāyanhasamayeti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Samāpatti</span>nti phalasamāpattiṃ. <span class="bld">Tilakabhūte</span>ti alaṅkārabhūte. <span class="bld">Rājavatthudvārakoṭṭhakaṭṭhāne</span>ti rājuyyānassa dvārakoṭṭhakaṭṭhāne. ‘‘Sakalarajjaṃ mahābodhissa dinnapubbattā upacāratthaṃ rājā dovārikavesaṃ gaṇhī’’ti vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anupubbavipassana</span>nti udayabbayādianupubbavipassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Paṭṭhapetvā</span>ti ārabhitvā. <span class="bld">Atthaṅgamite</span>ti atthaṅgate. ‘‘Saha bodhipatiṭṭhānenā’’ti vattabbe vibhattivipariṇāmaṃ katvā <span class="bld">‘‘saha bodhipatiṭṭhānā’’</span>ti nissakkavacanaṃ kataṃ. Sati hi sahayoge karaṇavacanena bhavitabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Mahāpathavī akampī</span>ti ca idaṃ mukhamattanidassanaṃ, aññānipi anekāni acchariyāni ahesuṃyeva. Tathā hi saha bodhipatiṭṭhānena udakapariyantaṃ katvā mahāpathavī akampi, tāni mūlāni kaṭāhamukhavaṭṭito uggantvā taṃ kaṭāhaṃ vinandhantā pathavītalamotariṃsu, samantato dibbakusumāni vassiṃsu, ākāse dibbatūriyāni vajjiṃsu, mahāmegho uṭṭhahitvā vuṭṭhidhāramakāsi, ākāsapadesā viraviṃsu, vijjulatā nicchariṃsu. Devatā sādhukāramadaṃsu, samāgatā sakaladīpavāsino gandhamālādīhi pūjayiṃsu, gahitamakarandā mandamārutā vāyiṃsu, samantato ghanasītalahimavalāhakā mahābodhiṃ chādayiṃsu. Evaṃ bodhi pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhahitvā himagabbhe sannisīditvā sattāhaṃ lokassa adassanaṃ agamāsi. <span class="bld">Himagabbhe sannisīdī</span>ti himagabbhassa anto aṭṭhāsi. <span class="bld">Vipphurantā</span>ti vipphurantā ito cito ca saṃsarantā. <span class="bld">Nicchariṃsū</span>ti nikkhamiṃsu. <span class="bld">Dassiṃsū</span>ti paññāyiṃsu. <span class="bld">Sabbe dīpavāsino</span>ti sabbe tambapaṇṇidīpavāsino. <span class="bld">Uttarasākhato ekaṃ phala</span>nti uttarasākhāya ṭhitaṃ ekaṃ phalaṃ. ‘‘Pācīnasākhāya ekaṃ phala’’ntipi keci. <span class="bld">Mahāāsanaṭṭhāne</span>ti pubbapasse mahāsilāsanena patiṭṭhitaṭṭhāne. <span class="bld">Issaranimmānavihāre</span>ti issaranimmānasaṅkhāte kassapagirivihāre. ‘‘Issaranimmānavihāre’’ti hi pubbasaṅketavasena vuttaṃ, idāni pana so vihāro ‘‘kassapagirī’’ti paññāto. ‘‘Issarasamaṇārāme’’tipi keci paṭhanti. Tathā ca vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tavakkabrāhmaṇagāme<a name="M1.0187"></a>, thūpārāme tatheva ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Issarasamaṇārāme, paṭhame cetiyaṅgaṇe’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yojaniyaārāmesū</span>ti anurādhapurassa samantā yojanassa anto kataārāmesu. Samantā patiṭṭhite <a name="V1.0166"></a> mahābodhimhīti sambandho. Anurādhapurassa samantā evaṃ puttanattuparamparāya mahābodhimhi patiṭṭhiteti attho. <span class="bld">Lohapāsādaṭṭhānaṃ pūjesī</span>ti lohapāsādassa kattabbaṭṭhānaṃ pūjesi. ‘‘Kiñcāpi lohapāsādaṃ devānaṃpiyatissoyeva mahārājā kāressati, tathāpi tasmiṃ samaye abhāvato ‘anāgate’ti vutta’’nti tīsupi <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ. Keci pana ‘‘duṭṭhagāmaṇiabhayeneva kārito lohapāsādo’’ti vadanti. <span class="bld">Mūlāni panassa na tāva otarantī</span>ti iminā, mahārāja, imasmiṃ dīpe satthusāsanaṃ patiṭṭhitamattameva ahosi, na tāva supatiṭṭhitanti dasseti, assa satthusāsanassa mūlāni pana na tāva otiṇṇānīti evamettha attho veditabbo. <span class="bld">Otarantī</span>ti hi atītatthe vattamānavacanaṃ. Tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘kadā pana bhante mūlāni otiṇṇāni nāma bhavissantī’’</span>ti. Yo amacco catupaṇṇāsāya jeṭṭhakakaniṭṭhabhātukehi saddhiṃ cetiyagirimhi pabbajito, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘mahāariṭṭho bhikkhū’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Meghavaṇṇābhayassa amaccassa pariveṇaṭṭhāne</span>ti meghavaṇṇābhayassa rañño amaccena kattabbassa pariveṇassa vatthubhūte ṭhāne. <span class="bld">Maṇḍapappakāra</span>nti maṇḍapasadisaṃ. Sadisatthampi hi pakārasaddaṃ vaṇṇayanti. <span class="bld">Sāsanassa mūlāni otarantāni passissāmī</span>ti iminā sāsanassa suṭṭhu patiṭṭhānākāraṃ passissāmīti dīpeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Meghavirahitassa nimmalasseva ākāsassa viravitattā <span class="bld">‘‘ākāsaṃ mahāviravaṃ ravī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Paccekagaṇīhī</span>ti visuṃ visuṃ gaṇācariyehi. Paccekaṃ gaṇaṃ etesaṃ atthīti paccekagaṇino. Yathā vejjo gilānesu karuṇāya tikicchanameva purakkhatvā vigatacchandadoso jigucchanīyesu vaṇesu guyhaṭṭhānesu ca bhesajjalepanādinā tikicchanameva karoti, evaṃ bhagavāpi kilesabyādhipīḷitesu sattesu karuṇāya te satte kilesabyādhidukkhato mocetukāmo avattabbārahāni guyhaṭṭhānanissitānipi asappāyāni vadanto vinayapaññattiyā sattānaṃ kilesabyādhiṃ <a name="M1.0188"></a> tikicchati. Tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘satthu karuṇāguṇaparidīpaka’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Anusiṭṭhikarāna</span>nti anusāsanīkarānaṃ, ye bhagavato anusāsaniṃ sammā paṭipajjanti, tesanti attho. <span class="bld">Kāyakammavacīkammavipphanditavinayana</span>nti kāyavacīdvāresu ajjhācāravasena pavattassa kilesavipphanditassa vinayanakaraṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Rājino</span>ti upayogatthe sāmivacanaṃ, rājānamanusāsiṃsūti attho. <span class="bld">Āloka</span>nti ñāṇālokaṃ. <span class="bld">Nibbāyiṃsu mahesayo</span>ti ettha mahāmahindatthero dvādasavassiko hutvā tambapaṇṇidīpaṃ sampatto, tattha dve vassāni vasitvā vinayaṃ patiṭṭhapesi. Dvāsaṭṭhivassiko hutvā parinibbutoti vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tesaṃ</span> <a name="V1.0167"></a> <span class="bld">therānaṃ antevāsikā</span>ti tesaṃ mahāmahindattherappamukhānaṃ therānaṃ antevāsikā. Tissadattādayo pana mahāariṭṭhattherassa antevāsikā, tasmā tissadattakāḷasumanadīghasumanādayo mahāariṭṭhattherassa antevāsikā cāti yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Antevāsikānaṃ antevāsikā</span>ti ubhayathā vuttaantevāsikānaṃ antevāsikā. <span class="bld">Pubbe vuttappakārā</span>ti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tato mahindo iṭṭiyo, uttiyo sambalo tathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhaddanāmo ca paṇḍito.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ete nāgā mahāpaññā, jambudīpā idhāgatā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vinayaṃ te vācayiṃsu, piṭakaṃ tambapaṇṇiyā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nikāye pañca vācesuṃ, satta ceva pakaraṇe;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tato ariṭṭho medhāvī, tissadatto ca paṇḍito.</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Visārado kāḷasumano, thero ca dīghanāmako’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādinā pubbe vuttappakārā ācariyaparamparā.</p>
<p class="centered">Ācariyaparamparakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Vinayānisaṃsakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā <a name="M1.0189"></a> ca ‘‘kenābhata’’nti imaṃ pañhaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā idāni ‘‘kattha patiṭṭhita’’nti imaṃ pañhaṃ vissajjento āha <span class="bld">‘‘kattha patiṭṭhita’’</span>ntiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">telamivā</span>ti sīhatelamiva. <span class="bld">Adhimattasatigatidhītimantesū</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">satī</span>ti buddhavacanaṃ uggahetvā dhāraṇakasati. <span class="bld">Gatī</span>ti uggaṇhanakagati. <span class="bld">Dhītī</span>ti sanniṭṭhānaṃ katvā gaṇhanakañāṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Gatī</span>ti vā paññāgati. <span class="bld">Dhītī</span>ti buddhavacanaṃ uggaṇhanavīriyaṃ sajjhāyanavīriyaṃ dhāraṇavīriyañca. <span class="bld">Lajjīsū</span>ti pāpajigucchanakalakkhaṇāya lajjāya samannāgatesu. <span class="bld">Kukkuccakesū</span>ti aṇumattesupi vajjesu dosadassāvitāya <a name="V1.0168"></a> kappiyākappiyaṃ nissāya kukkuccakārīsu. <span class="bld">Sikkhākāmesū</span>ti adhisīlaaacittaadhipaññāvasena tisso sikkhā kāmayamānesu sampiyāyitvā sikkhantesu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Akattabbato nivāretvā kattabbesu patiṭṭhāpanato <span class="bld">mātāpituṭṭhāniyo</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ācāragocarakusalatā</span>ti veḷudānādimicchājīvassa kāyapāgabbhiyādīnañca akaraṇena sabbaso anācāraṃ vajjetvā ‘‘kāyiko avītikkamo vācasiko avītikkamo’’ti (vibha. 511) evaṃ vuttabhikkhusāruppaācārasampattiyā vesiyādiagocaraṃ vajjetvā piṇḍapātādiatthaṃ upasaṅkamituṃ yuttaṭṭhānasaṅkhātagocarena ca sampannattā samaṇācāresu ceva samaṇagocaresu ca kusalatā. Apica yo bhikkhu satthari sagāravo sappatisso sabrahmacārīsu sagāravo sappatisso hirottappasampanno sunivattho supāruto pāsādikena abhikkantena paṭikkantena ālokitena vilokitena samiñjitena pasāritena okkhittacakkhu iriyāpathasampanno indriyesu guttadvāro bhojane mattaññū jāgariyamanuyutto satisampajaññena samannāgato appiccho santuṭṭho āraddhavīriyo pavivitto asaṃsaṭṭho ābhisamācārikesu sakkaccakārī garucittīkārabahulo viharati, ayaṃ vuccati <span class="bld">ācāro</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Gocaro</span> pana upanissayagocaro ārakkhagocaro upanibandhagocaroti tividho. Tattha dasakathāvatthuguṇasamannāgato kalyāṇamitto, yaṃ nissāya assutaṃ suṇāti, sutaṃ pariyodāpeti, kaṅkhaṃ vitarati<a name="M1.0190"></a>, diṭṭhiṃ ujuṃ karoti, cittaṃ pasādeti, yassa vā pana anusikkhamāno saddhāya vaḍḍhati, sīlena, sutena, cāgena, paññāya vaḍḍhati, ayaṃ <span class="bld">upanissayagocaro</span>. Yo pana bhikkhu antaragharaṃ paviṭṭho vīthipaṭipanno okkhittacakkhu yugamattadassāvī saṃvuto gacchati, na hatthiṃ olokento, na assaṃ, na rathaṃ, na pattiṃ, na itthiṃ, na purisaṃ olokento, na uddhaṃ olokento, na adho olokento, na disāvidisampi pekkhamāno gacchati, ayaṃ <span class="bld">ārakkhagocaro</span>. Upanibandhagocaro pana cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, yattha bhikkhu attano cittaṃ upanibandhati. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – ‘‘ko ca, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno gocaro sako pettiko visayo, yadidaṃ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’’ti. Ayaṃ <span class="bld">upanibandhagocaro</span>. Iti iminā ca ācārena iminā ca gocarena samannāgatattā ācāragocarakusalatā. Evaṃ anācāraṃ agocarañca vajjetvā saddhāpabbajitānaṃ yathāvuttaācāragocaresu kusalabhāvo vinayadharāyattoti ayamānisaṃso vinayapariyattiyā dassitoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vinayapariyattiṃ nissāyā</span>ti vinayapariyāpuṇanaṃ nissāya. <span class="bld">Attano sīlakkhandho sugutto hoti</span> <a name="V1.0169"></a> <span class="bld">surakkhito</span>ti kathamassa attano sīlakkhandho sugutto hoti surakkhito? Āpattiñhi āpajjanto chahākārehi āpajjati alajjitā, aññāṇatā, kukkuccapakatatā, akappiye kappiyasaññitā, kappiye akappiyasaññitā, satisammosāti. Vinayadharo pana imehi chahākārehi āpattiṃ nāpajjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ <span class="bld">alajjitāya</span> nāpajjati? So hi ‘‘passatha bho, ayaṃ kappiyākappiyaṃ jānantoyeva paṇṇattivītikkamaṃ karotī’’ti imaṃ parūpavādaṃ rakkhantopi akappiyabhāvaṃ jānantoyeva madditvā vītikkamaṃ na karoti. Evaṃ alajjitāya nāpajjati. Sahasā āpannampi desanāgāminiṃ desetvā vuṭṭhānagāminiyā vuṭṭhahitvā suddhante patiṭṭhāti, tato –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sañcicca āpattiṃ nāpajjati, āpattiṃ na parigūhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Agatigamanañca na gacchati, ediso vuccati lajjipuggalo’’ti. (pari. 359) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Imasmiṃ lajjibhāve patiṭṭhitova hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ <a name="M1.0191"></a> <span class="bld">aññāṇatāya</span> nāpajjati? So hi kappiyākappiyaṃ jānāti, tasmā kappiyaṃyeva karoti, akappiyaṃ na karoti. Evaṃ aññāṇatāya nāpajjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ <span class="bld">kukkuccapakatatāya</span> nāpajjati? Kappiyākappiyaṃ nissāya kukkucce uppanne vatthuṃ oloketvā mātikaṃ padabhājanaṃ antarāpattiṃ anāpattiṃ oloketvā kappiyaṃ ce hoti, karoti, akappiyaṃ ce, na karoti. Uppannaṃ pana kukkuccaṃ avinicchinitvāva ‘‘vaṭṭatī’’ti madditvā na vītikkamati. Evaṃ kukkuccapakatatāya nāpajjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ <span class="bld">akappiye kappiyasaññitā</span>dīhi nāpajjati? So hi kappiyākappiyaṃ jānāti, tasmā akappiye kappiyasaññī na hoti, kappiye akappiyasaññī na hoti, supatiṭṭhitā cassa sati hoti, adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ adhiṭṭheti, vikappetabbaṃ vikappeti. Iti imehi chahākārehi āpattiṃ nāpajjati, āpattiṃ anāpajjanto akhaṇḍasīlo hoti parisuddhasīlo. Evamassa attano sīlakkhandho sugutto hoti surakkhito.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kukkuccapakatāna</span>nti <a name="V1.0170"></a> kappiyākappiyaṃ nissāya uppannena kukkuccena abhibhūtānaṃ. Kathaṃ pana kukkuccapakatānaṃ paṭisaraṇaṃ hoti? Tiroraṭṭhesu tirojanapadesu ca uppannakukkuccā bhikkhū ‘‘asukasmiṃ kira vihāre vinayadharo vasatī’’ti dūratopi tassa santikaṃ āgantvā kukkuccaṃ pucchanti. So tehi katakammassa vatthuṃ oloketvā āpattānāpattiṃ garukalahukādibhedaṃ sallakkhetvā desanāgāminiṃ desāpetvā vuṭṭhānagāminiyā vuṭṭhāpetvā suddhante patiṭṭhāpeti. Evaṃ kukkuccapakatānaṃ paṭisaraṇaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Visārado saṅghamajjhe voharatī</span>ti vigato sārado bhayaṃ etassāti visārado, abhītoti attho. Avinayadharassa hi saṅghamajjhe kathentassa bhayaṃ sārajjaṃ okkamati, vinayadharassa taṃ na hoti. Kasmā? ‘‘Evaṃ kathentassa doso hoti, evaṃ na doso’’ti ñatvā kathanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paccatthike</span> <a name="M1.0192"></a> <span class="bld">sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggaṇhātī</span>ti ettha dvidhā paccatthikā nāma attapaccatthikā ca sāsanapaccatthikā ca. Tattha mettiyabhummajakā ca bhikkhū vaḍḍho ca licchavī amūlakena antimavatthunā codesuṃ, ime <span class="bld">attapaccatthikā</span> nāma. Ye vā panaññepi dussīlā pāpadhammā, sabbe te attapaccatthikā. Viparītadassanā pana ariṭṭhabhikkhukaṇṭakasāmaṇeravesālikavajjiputtakā mahāsaṅghikādayo ca abuddhasāsanaṃ ‘‘buddhasāsana’’nti vatvā katapaggahā <span class="bld">sāsanapaccatthikā</span> nāma. Te sabbepi sahadhammena sahakāraṇena vacanena yathā taṃ asaddhammaṃ patiṭṭhāpetuṃ na sakkonti, evaṃ suniggahitaṃ katvā niggaṇhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Saddhammaṭṭhitiyā paṭipanno hotī</span>ti ettha pana tividho saddhammo pariyattipaṭipattiadhigamavasena. Tattha tipiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ <span class="bld">pariyattisaddhammo</span> nāma. Terasa dhutaṅgaguṇā cuddasa khandhakavattāni dveasīti mahāvattānīti ayaṃ <span class="bld">paṭipattisaddhammo</span> nāma. Cattāro maggā ca cattāri phalāni ca, ayaṃ <span class="bld">adhigamasaddhammo</span> nāma. Tattha keci therā ‘‘yo vo, ānanda, mayā dhammo ca vinayo ca desito paññatto, so vo mamaccayena satthā’’ti (dī. ni. 2.216) iminā suttena ‘‘sāsanassa pariyatti mūla’’nti vadanti. Keci therā ‘‘ime ca, subhadda, bhikkhū sammā vihareyyuṃ, asuñño loko arahantehi assā’’ti iminā suttena (dī. ni. 2.214) ‘‘sāsanassa paṭipatti mūla’’nti vatvā ‘‘yāva pañca bhikkhū sammā paṭipannā saṃvijjanti, tāva sāsanaṃ ṭhitaṃ hotī’’ti āhaṃsu. Itare pana therā ‘‘pariyattiyā antarahitāya suppaṭipannassapi dhammābhisamayo natthī’’ti vatvā āhaṃsu. Sacepi pañca bhikkhū cattāri pārājikāni rakkhaṇakā honti, te saddhe kulaputte pabbājetvā paccantime janapade upasampādetvā <a name="V1.0171"></a> dasavaggagaṇaṃ pūretvā majjhimajanapadepi upasampadaṃ karissanti. Etenupāyena vīsativaggasaṅghaṃ pūretvā attanopi abbhānakammaṃ katvā sāsanaṃ vuḍḍhiṃ viruḷhiṃ gamayissanti. Evamayaṃ vinayadharo tividhassapi saddhammassa ciraṭṭhitiyā paṭipanno hotīti. Evamayaṃ vinayadharo ime pañcānisaṃse paṭilabhatīti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vinayo saṃvaratthāyā</span>tiādīsu (pari. aṭṭha. 366) <span class="bld">vinayo</span>ti vinayassa pariyāpuṇanaṃ, <span class="bld">vinayo</span>ti vā vinayapaññatti vuttā, tasmā sakalāpi vinayapaññatti vinayapariyāpuṇanaṃ <a name="M1.0193"></a> vā kāyavacīdvārasaṃvaratthāyāti attho, ājīvapārisuddhipariyosānassa sīlassa upanissayapaccayo hotīti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Avippaṭisāro</span>ti pāpapuññānaṃ katākatānusocanavasena pavattacittavippaṭisārābhāvo. <span class="bld">Pāmojja</span>nti dubbalā taruṇapīti. <span class="bld">Pītī</span>ti balavapīti. <span class="bld">Passaddhī</span>ti kāyacittadarathapaṭippassaddhi. <span class="bld">Sukha</span>nti kāyikaṃ cetasikañca sukhaṃ. Tañhi duvidhampi samādhissa upanissayapaccayo hoti. <span class="bld">Samādhī</span>ti cittekaggatā. <span class="bld">Yathābhūtañāṇadassana</span>nti sappaccayanāmarūpapariggaho. <span class="bld">Nibbidā</span>ti vipassanā. Atha vā yathābhūtañāṇadassanaṃ taruṇavipassanā, udayabbayañāṇassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Cittekaggatā hi taruṇavipassanāya upanissayapaccayo hoti. <span class="bld">Nibbidā</span>ti sikhāppattā vuṭṭhānagāminibalavavipassanā. <span class="bld">Virāgo</span>ti ariyamaggo. <span class="bld">Vimuttī</span>ti arahattaphalaṃ. Catubbidhopi hi ariyamaggo arahattassa upanissayapaccayo hoti. <span class="bld">Vimuttiñāṇadassana</span>nti paccavekkhaṇañāṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Anupādāparinibbānatthāyā</span>ti kañci dhammaṃ aggahetvā anavasesetvā parinibbānatthāya, appaccayaparinibbānatthāyāti attho. Appaccayaparinibbānassa hi vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ paccayo hoti tasmiṃ anuppatte avassaṃ parinibbāyitabbato, na ca paccavekkhaṇañāṇe anuppanne antarā parinibbānaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Etadatthā kathā</span>ti ayaṃ vinayakathā nāma etadatthāya, anupādāparinibbānatthāyāti attho. Evaṃ sabbatthapi. <span class="bld">Mantanā</span>pi vinayamantanāeva, ‘‘evaṃ karissāma, na karissāmā’’ti vinayapaṭibaddhasaṃsandanā. <span class="bld">Etadatthā upanisā</span>ti upanisīdati ettha phalaṃ tappaṭibaddhavuttitāyāti upanisā vuccati kāraṇaṃ paccayoti. ‘‘Vinayo saṃvaratthāyā’’tiādikā kāraṇaparamparā etadatthāti attho. <span class="bld">Etadatthaṃ sotāvadhāna</span>nti imissā paramparapaccayakathāya sotāvadhānaṃ imaṃ kathaṃ sutvā yaṃ uppajjati ñāṇaṃ, tampi etadatthaṃ. <span class="bld">Yadidaṃ anupādācittassa vimokkho</span>ti <span class="bld">yadida</span>nti nipāto. Sabbaliṅgavibhattivacanesu tādisova tattha tattha atthato pariṇāmetabbo, tasmā evamettha attho veditabbo – yo ayaṃ catūhi upādānehi anupādiyitvā cittassa arahattaphalasaṅkhāto vimokkho, sopi etadatthāya anupādāparinibbānatthāyāti evamettha sambandho veditabbo. Yo ayaṃ <a name="V1.0172"></a> anupādācittassa vimokkhasaṅkhāto maggo, heṭṭhā vuttaṃ sabbampi etadatthamevāti. Evañca sati iminā mahussāhato sādhitabbaṃ <a name="M1.0194"></a> niyatappayojanaṃ dassitaṃ hoti. Heṭṭhā ‘‘virāgo…pe… nibbānatthāyā’’ti iminā pana labbhamānānisaṃsaphalaṃ dassitanti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Āyogo</span>ti uggahaṇacintanādivasena punappunaṃ abhiyogo.</p>
<p class="centered">Vinayānisaṃsakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti samantapāsādikāya vinayaṭṭhakathāya sāratthadīpaniyaṃ</p>
<p class="centered">Bāhiranidānavaṇṇanā samattā.</p>
<p class="chapter">Verañjakaṇḍavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1"></a><span class="paranum">1</span>. <span class="bld">Seyyathida</span>nti <a name="M1.0195"></a><a name="V1.0173"></a> taṃ katamaṃ, taṃ kathanti vā attho. <span class="bld">Aniyamaniddesavacana</span>nti natthi etassa niyamoti aniyamo, niddisīyati attho etenāti niddeso, vuccati etenāti vacanaṃ, niddesoyeva vacanaṃ niddesavacanaṃ, aniyamassa niddesavacanaṃ aniyamaniddesavacanaṃ, paṭhamaṃ aniyamitassa samayassa niddesavacananti attho. ‘‘Yenāti avatvā tenāti vuttattā aniyamaṃ katvā niddiṭṭhavacanaṃ aniyamaniddesavacana’’ntipi vadanti. Yaṃtaṃsaddānaṃ niccasambandhabhāvato āha <span class="bld">‘‘tassa sarūpena avuttenapī’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">tassā</span>ti ‘‘tenā’’ti etassa. <span class="bld">Sarūpena avuttenapī</span>ti ‘‘yenā’’ti evaṃ sarūpato pāḷiyaṃ avuttenapi. <span class="bld">Atthato siddhenā</span>ti parabhāge sāriputtattherassa uppajjanakaparivitakkasaṅkhātaatthato siddhena. Parivitakke hi siddhe yena samayena parivitakko udapādīti idaṃ atthato siddhameva hoti. Tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘aparabhāge hi vinayapaññattiyācanahetubhūto āyasmato sāriputtassa parivitakko siddho’’</span>tiādi. ‘‘Tenā’’ti vatvā tato tadatthameva ‘‘yenā’’ti atthato vuccamānattā ‘‘yenā’’ti ayaṃ ‘‘tenā’’ti etassa paṭiniddeso nāma jāto. <span class="bld">Paṭiniddeso</span>ti ca vitthāraniddesoti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aparabhāge hī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">hi</span>-saddo hetumhi, yasmāti attho. <span class="bld">Vinayapaññattiyācanahetubhūto</span>ti ‘‘etassa bhagavā kālo, etassa sugata kālo, yaṃ bhagavā sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapeyya, uddiseyya pātimokkhaṃ. Yathayidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ addhaniyaṃ assa ciraṭṭhitika’’nti evaṃ pavattassa vinayapaññattiyācanassa kāraṇabhūtoti attho. <span class="bld">Parivitakko</span>ti ‘‘katamesānaṃ kho buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ brahmacariyaṃ na ciraṭṭhitikaṃ ahosi, katamesānaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ brahmacariyaṃ ciraṭṭhitikaṃ ahosī’’ti evaṃ pavatto parivitakko. Yaṃtaṃsaddānaṃ niccasambandhoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tasmā yena samayenā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Pubbe vā pacchā vā atthato siddhenā</span>ti pubbe vā pacchā vā uppannaatthato siddhena. <span class="bld">Paṭiniddeso kattabbo</span>ti etassa ‘‘yadida’’nti iminā sambandho. ‘‘Paṭiniddeso kattabbo’’ti yadidaṃ yaṃ idaṃ vidhānaṃ, ayaṃ sabbasmiṃ vinaye yuttīti attho. Atha <a name="V1.0174"></a> vā ‘‘paṭiniddeso kattabbo’’ti yadidaṃ yā ayaṃ yutti, ayaṃ sabbasmiṃ vinaye yuttīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tatridaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0196"></a> <span class="bld">mukhamattanidassana</span>nti tassā yathāvuttayuttiyā paridīpane idaṃ mukhamattanidassanaṃ, upāyamattanidassananti attho. Mukhaṃ dvāraṃ upāyoti hi atthato ekaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Tena hi bhikkhave bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapessāmī’’</span>ti pāḷiṃ dassetvā tattha paṭiniddesamāha <span class="bld">‘‘yena sudinno’’</span>tiādinā. Tenāti hetuatthe karaṇavacanattā tassa paṭiniddesopi tādisoyevāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yasmā paṭisevī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Pubbe atthato siddhenā</span>ti pubbe uppannamethunadhammapaṭisevanasaṅkhātaatthato siddhena. <span class="bld">Pacchā atthato siddhenā</span>ti raññā adinnaṃ dārūnaṃ ādiyanasaṅkhātapacchāuppannaatthato siddhena. <span class="bld">Samayasaddo</span>ti etassa ‘‘dissatī’’ti iminā sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Samavāye</span>ti paccayasāmaggiyaṃ, kāraṇasamavāyeti attho. <span class="bld">Khaṇe</span>ti okāse. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti assa samayasaddassa samavāyo atthoti sambandho. <span class="bld">Appeva nāma svepi upasaṅkameyyāma kālañca samayañca upādāyā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">kālo</span> nāma upasaṅkamanassa yuttapayuttakālo. <span class="bld">Samayo</span> nāma tasseva paccayasāmaggī, atthato tadanurūpaṃ sarīrabalañceva tappaccayaparissayābhāvo ca. <span class="bld">Upādānaṃ</span> nāma ñāṇena tesaṃ gahaṇaṃ sallakkhaṇaṃ, tasmā kālañca samayañca paññāya gahetvā upadhāretvāti attho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – sace amhākaṃ sve gamanassa yuttakālo bhavissati, kāye balamattā ceva pharissati, gamanapaccayā ca añño aphāsuvihāro na bhavissati, athetaṃ kālañca gamanakāraṇasamavāyasaṅkhātaṃ samayañca upadhāretvā api eva nāma sve āgaccheyyāmāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Khaṇo</span>ti okāso. Tathāgatuppādādiko hi maggabrahmacariyassa okāso tappaccayapaṭilābhahetuttā, khaṇo eva ca samayo. Yo khaṇoti ca samayoti ca vuccati, so ekovāti hi attho. <span class="bld">Mahāsamayo</span>ti mahāsamūho. Pavuddhaṃ vanaṃ <span class="bld">pavanaṃ,</span> tasmiṃ pavanasmiṃ, vanasaṇḍeti attho. <span class="bld">Samayopi kho te bhaddāli appaṭividdho ahosī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">samayo</span>ti sikkhāpadapūraṇassa hetu. <span class="bld">Bhaddālī</span>ti tassa bhikkhuno nāmaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – bhaddāli tayā paṭivijjhitabbayuttakaṃ etaṃ kāraṇaṃ atthi, tampi te na paṭividdhaṃ na sallakkhitanti. Kiṃ taṃ kāraṇanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘bhagavā kho’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Uggāhamāno</span> <a name="M1.0197"></a> tiādīsu <span class="bld">māno</span>ti tassa paribbājakassa pakatināmaṃ, kiñci kiñci pana uggahetuṃ samatthatāya ‘‘uggāhamāno’’ti naṃ sañjānanti, tasmā ‘‘uggāhamāno’’ti vuccati<a name="V1.0175"></a>. Samaṇamuṇḍikāya putto <span class="bld">samaṇamuṇḍikāputto</span>. So kira devadattassa upaṭṭhāko. Samayaṃ diṭṭhiṃ pavadanti etthāti <span class="bld">samayappavādako,</span> tasmiṃ samayappavādake, diṭṭhippavādaketi attho. Tasmiṃ kira ṭhāne caṅkītārukkhapokkharasātipabhutayo brāhmaṇā nigaṇṭhācelakaparibbājakādayo ca paribbājakā sannipatitvā attano attano samayaṃ diṭṭhiṃ pavadanti kathenti dīpenti, tasmā so ārāmo ‘‘samayappavādako’’ti vuccati, sveva tindukācīrasaṅkhātāya timbarurukkhapantiyā parikkhittattā <span class="bld">‘‘tindukācīra’’</span>nti vuccati. Ekā sālā etthāti <span class="bld">ekasālako</span>. Yasmā panettha paṭhamaṃ ekā sālā katā ahosi, pacchā mahāpuññaṃ poṭṭhapādaparibbājakaṃ nissāya bahū sālā katā, tasmā tameva ekaṃ sālamupādāya laddhanāmavasena ‘‘ekasālako’’ti vuccati. Mallikāya pana pasenadirañño deviyā uyyānabhūto so pupphaphalasañchanno ārāmoti katvā <span class="bld">‘‘mallikāya ārāmo’’</span>ti saṅkhyaṃ gato. Tasmiṃ samayappavādake tindukācīre ekasālake mallikāya ārāme. <span class="bld">Paṭivasatī</span>ti tasmiṃ vāsaphāsutāya vasati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Diṭṭhe dhamme</span>ti paccakkhe attabhāve. <span class="bld">Attho</span>ti vuḍḍhi. <span class="bld">Samparāyiko</span>ti kammakilesavasena samparetabbato sampāpuṇitabbato samparāyo, paraloko. Tattha niyutto samparāyiko, paralokattho. <span class="bld">Atthābhisamayā</span>ti yathāvuttaubhayatthasaṅkhātahitapaṭilābhā. Samparāyikopi hi attho kāraṇassa nipphannattā paṭiladdho nāma hotīti tamatthadvayaṃ ekato katvā ‘‘atthābhisamayā’’ti vuttaṃ. Dhiyā paññāya rāti gaṇhātīti <span class="bld">dhīro</span>. Atha vā dhī paññā etassa atthīti <span class="bld">dhīro</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sammā mānābhisamayā</span>ti mānassa sammā pahānena. Sammāti iminā mānassa aggamaggañāṇena samucchedappahānaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho</span>tiādīsu dukkhasaccassa pīḷanaṃ taṃsamaṅgino hiṃsanaṃ avipphārikatākaraṇaṃ, pīḷanameva attho pīḷanaṭṭho, tthakārassa ṭṭhakāraṃ katvā vuttaṃ. Evaṃ sesesupi. Samecca paccayehi katabhāvo <span class="bld">saṅkhataṭṭho. Santāpo</span> dukkhadukkhatādivasena santāpanaṃ paridahanaṃ. <span class="bld">Vipariṇāmo</span> jarāya maraṇena <a name="M1.0198"></a> cāti dvidhā vipariṇāmetabbatā. Abhisametabbo paṭivijjhitabboti abhisamayo, abhisamayova attho <span class="bld">abhisamayaṭṭho,</span> pīḷanādīni. Tāni hi abhisametabbabhāvena ekībhāvaṃ upanetvā ‘‘abhisamayaṭṭho’’ti vuttāni, abhisamayassa vā paṭivedhassa visayabhūto attho abhisamayaṭṭhoti tāneva pīḷanādīni abhisamayassa visayabhāvūpagamanasāmaññato ekattena vuttāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca upasaggānaṃ jotakamattattā tassa tassa atthassa vācako samayasaddo evāti samayasaddassa atthuddhārepi saupasaggo abhisamayasaddo vutto. Tattha sahakārīkāraṇasannijjhaṃ sameti <a name="V1.0176"></a> samavetīti <span class="bld">samayo,</span> samavāyo. Sameti samāgacchati maggabrahmacariyaṃ ettha tadādhārapuggalehīti <span class="bld">samayo,</span> khaṇo. Samenti ettha, etena vā saṃgacchanti dhammā sahajātadhammehi uppādādīhi vāti <span class="bld">samayo,</span> kālo. Dhammappavattimattatāya atthato abhūtopi hi kālo dhammappavattiyā adhikaraṇaṃ kāraṇaṃ viya ca parikappanāmattasiddhena rūpena voharīyati. Samaṃ, saha vā avayavānaṃ ayanaṃ pavatti avaṭṭhānanti <span class="bld">samayo,</span> samūho yathā ‘‘samudāyo’’ti. Avayavena sahāvaṭṭhānameva hi samūho. Paccayantarasamāgame eti phalaṃ etasmā uppajjati pavattati cāti <span class="bld">samayo,</span> hetu yathā ‘‘samudayo’’ti. Sameti saṃyojanabhāvato sambandho eti attano visaye pavattati, daḷhaggahaṇabhāvato vā taṃsaṃyuttā ayanti pavattanti sattā yathābhinivesaṃ etenāti <span class="bld">samayo,</span> diṭṭhi. Diṭṭhisaṃyojanena hi sattā ativiya bajjhanti. Samiti saṅgati samodhānanti <span class="bld">samayo,</span> paṭilābho. Samassa nirodhassa yānaṃ, sammā vā yānaṃ apagamo appavattīti <span class="bld">samayo,</span> pahānaṃ. Ñāṇena abhimukhaṃ sammā etabbo adhigantabboti <span class="bld">abhisamayo,</span> dhammānaṃ aviparīto sabhāvo. Abhimukhabhāvena sammā eti gacchati bujjhatīti <span class="bld">abhisamayo,</span> dhammānaṃ yathābhūtasabhāvāvabodho. Evaṃ tasmiṃ tasmiṃ atthe samayasaddassa pavatti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca atthamattaṃ paṭicca saddā abhinivisanti, na ekena saddena aneke atthā abhidhīyantīti? Saccametaṃ saddavisese apekkhite. Saddavisese hi apekkhiyamāne ekena saddena anekatthābhidhānaṃ na sambhavati. Na hi yo kālattho samayasaddo, soyeva samūhādiatthaṃ vadati. Ettha pana tesaṃ tesaṃ atthānaṃ samayasaddavacanīyatāsāmaññamupādāya anekatthatā <a name="M1.0199"></a> samayasaddassa vuttā. Evaṃ sabbattha atthuddhāre adhippāyo veditabbo. <span class="bld">Idha panassa kālo attho</span>ti assa samayasaddassa idha kālo attho samavāyādīnaṃ atthānaṃ idha asambhavato desadesakādīnaṃ viya nidānabhāvena kālassa apadisitabbato ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Upayogavacanena bhummavacanena ca niddesamakatvā idha karaṇavacanena niddese payojanaṃ niddhāretukāmo parammukhena codanaṃ samuṭṭhāpeti <span class="bld">‘‘etthāhā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Ettha</span> ‘‘tena samayenā’’ti imasmiṃ ṭhāne vitaṇḍavādī āhāti attho. <span class="bld">Athā</span>ti codanāya kattukāmataṃ dīpeti, nanūti iminā samānattho. Kasmā karaṇavacanena niddeso katoti sambandho. Bhummavacanena niddeso katoti yojetabbaṃ. Etthāpi ‘‘yathā’’ti idaṃ ānetvā sambandhitabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tesu suttābhidhammesu. <span class="bld">Tathā</span>ti upayogabhummavacanehi. <span class="bld">Idhā</span>ti imasmiṃ vinaye. <span class="bld">Aññathā</span>ti karaṇavacanena. <span class="bld">Accantamevā</span>ti ārambhato paṭṭhāya yāva desanāniṭṭhānaṃ, tāva accantameva, nirantaramevāti <a name="V1.0177"></a> attho. <span class="bld">Karuṇāvihārenā</span>ti parahitapaṭipattisaṅkhātena karuṇāvihārena. Tathā hi karuṇānidānattā desanāya idha parahitapaṭipatti ‘‘karuṇāvihāro’’ti vuttā, na pana karuṇāsamaāpattivihāro. Na hi desanākāle desetabbadhammavisayassa desanāñāṇassa sattavisayāya mahākaruṇāya sahuppatti sambhavati bhinnavisayattā, tasmā karuṇāvasena pavatto parahitapaapattisaṅkhāto vihāro idha karuṇāvihāroti veditabbo. <span class="bld">Tadatthajotanattha</span>nti accantasaṃyogatthadīpanatthaṃ upayoganiddeso kato yathā ‘‘māsaṃ ajjhetī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Adhikaraṇattho</span>ti ādhārattho. Bhāvo nāma kiriyā, kiriyāya kiriyantaralakkhaṇaṃ bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇaṃ, soyevattho <span class="bld">bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇattho</span>. Kathaṃ pana abhidhamme yathāvuttaatthadvayasambhavoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘adhikaraṇañhī’’</span>tiādi. Tattha kālasaṅkhāto attho <span class="bld">kālattho,</span> samūhasaṅkhāto attho <span class="bld">samūhattho</span>. Atha vā kālasaddassa attho <span class="bld">kālattho,</span> samūhasaddassa attho samūhattho. Ko so? Samayo. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – kālattho samūhattho ca samayo tattha abhidhamme vuttānaṃ phassādidhammānaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ ādhāroti yasmiṃ kāle dhammapuñje vā kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, tasmiṃyeva kāle puñje ca phassādayopi hontīti ayañhi tattha attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu <a name="M1.0200"></a> cāyaṃ upādāya paññatto kālo samūho ca vohāramattako, so kathaṃ ādhāro tattha vuttadhammānanti? Nāyaṃ doso. Yathā hi kālo sabhāvadhammaparicchinno sayaṃ paramatthato avijjamānopi ādhārabhāvena paññatto taṅkhaṇappavattānaṃ tato pubbe parato ca abhāvato ‘‘pubbaṇhe jāto sāyanhe gacchatī’’tiādīsu, samūho ca avayavavinimutto avijjamānopi kappanāmattasiddho avayavānaṃ ādhārabhāvena paññapīyati ‘‘rukkhe sākhā, yavarāsimhi sambhūto’’tiādīsu, evamidhāpīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Abhidhamme ādhāratthasambhavaṃ dassetvā idāni bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇatthasambhavaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘khaṇasamavāyahetusaṅkhātassā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">khaṇo</span> nāma aṭṭhakkhaṇavinimutto navamo buddhuppādasaṅkhāto khaṇo, yāni vā panetāni ‘‘cattārimāni, bhikkhave, cakkāni yehi samannāgatānaṃ devamanussānaṃ catucakkaṃ pavattatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.31) ettha patirūpadesavāso, sappurisūpanissayo, attasammāpaṇidhi, pubbe ca katapuññatāti cattāri cakkāni vuttāni, tāni ekajjhaṃ katvā okāsaṭṭhena khaṇoti veditabbo. Tāni hi kusaluppattiyā okāsabhūtāni. <span class="bld">Samavāyo</span> nāma ‘‘cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇa’’nti <a name="V1.0178"></a> (ma. ni. 1.204; 3.421; saṃ. ni. 4.60) evamādinā niddiṭṭhā cakkhuviññāṇādisaṅkhātasādhāraṇaphalanipphādakattena saṇṭhitā cakkhurūpādipaccayasāmaggī. Cakkhurūpādīnañhi cakkhuviññāṇādisādhāraṇaphalaṃ. <span class="bld">Hetū</span>ti janakahetu. Yathāvuttakhaṇasaṅkhaātassa samavāyasaṅkhātassa hetusaṅkhātassa ca samayassa bhāvena sattāya tesaṃ phassādidhammānaṃ bhāvo sattā lakkhīyati viññāyatīti attho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā ‘‘gāvīsu duyhamānāsu gato, duddhāsu āgato’’ti dohanakiriyāya gamanakiriyā lakkhīyati, evamidhāpi ‘‘yasmiṃ samaye, tasmiṃ samaye’’ti ca vutte ‘‘satī’’ti ayamattho viññāyamāno eva hoti aññakiriyāya sambandhābhāve padatthassa sattāvirahābhāvatoti samayassa sattākiriyāya cittassa uppādakiriyā phassādibhavanakiriyā ca lakkhīyatīti. Ayañhi tattha attho yasmiṃ yathāvutte khaṇe paccayasamavāye hetumhi ca sati kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, tasmiṃyeva khaṇe paccayasamavāye hetumhi ca sati phassādayopi hontīti<a name="M1.0201"></a>. <span class="bld">Tadatthajotanattha</span>nti adhikaraṇatthassa bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇatthassa ca dīpanatthaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Idha panā</span>ti imasmiṃ vinaye. <span class="bld">Hetuattho karaṇattho ca sambhavatī</span>ti ‘‘annena vasati, vijjāya vasatī’’tiādīsu viya hetuattho ‘‘pharasunā chindati, kudālena khaṇatī’’tiādīsu viya karaṇattho ca sambhavati. Kathaṃ sambhavatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yo hi so’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Tena samayena hetubhūtena karaṇabhūtenā</span>ti ettha pana taṃtaṃvatthuvītikkamova sikkhāpadapaññattiyā hetu ceva karaṇañca. Tathā hi yadā bhagavā sikkhāpadapaññattiyā paṭhamameva tesaṃ tesaṃ tattha tattha taṃtaṃsikkhāpadapaññattihetubhūtaṃ vītikkamaṃ apekkhamāno viharati, tadā taṃ taṃ vītikkamaṃ apekkhitvā tadatthaṃ vasatīti siddho vatthuvītikkamassa hetubhāvo ‘‘annena vasati, annaṃ apekkhitvā tadatthāya vasatī’’tiādīsu viya. Sikkhāpadapaññattikāle pana teneva pubbasiddhena vītikkamena sikkhāpadaṃ paññapetīti sikkhāpadapaññattiyā sādhakatamattā karaṇabhāvopi vītikkamasseva siddho ‘‘asinā chindatī’’tiādīsu viya. Vītikkamaṃ pana apekkhamāno teneva saddhiṃ tannissayakālampi apekkhitvā viharatīti kālassapi idha hetubhāvo vutto, sikkhāpadaṃ paññapento ca taṃ taṃ vītikkamakālaṃ anatikkamitvā teneva kālena sikkhāpadaṃ paññapetīti vītikkamanissayassa kālassapi karaṇabhāvo vutto, tasmā iminā pariyāyena kālassapi hetubhāvo karaṇabhāvo ca labbhatīti vuttaṃ ‘‘tena samayena hetubhūtena karaṇabhūtenā’’ti. Nippariyāyato pana vītikkamoyeva hetubhūto karaṇabhūto ca. So hi vītikkamakkhaṇe hetu hutvā pacchā sikkhāpadapaññāpane karaṇampi hotīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sikkhāpadāni</span> <a name="V1.0179"></a> <span class="bld">paññāpayanto</span>ti vītikkamaṃ pucchitvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā otiṇṇavatthukaṃ puggalaṃ paṭipucchitvā vigarahitvā ca taṃ taṃ vatthuṃ otiṇṇakālaṃ anatikkamitvā teneva kālena karaṇabhūtena sikkhāpadāni paññāpayanto. <span class="bld">Sikkhāpadapaññattihetuñca apekkhamāno</span>ti tatiyapārājikādīsu viya sikkhāpadapaññattiyā hetubhūtaṃ taṃ taṃ vatthuṃ vītikkamasamayaṃ apekkhamāno tena samayena hetubhūtena bhagavā tattha tattha vihāsīti attho. ‘‘Sikkhāpadāni paññāpayanto sikkhāpadapaññattihetuñca <a name="M1.0202"></a> apekkhamāno’’ti vacanato ‘‘tena samayena karaṇabhūtena hetubhūtenā’’ti evaṃ vattabbepi paṭhamaṃ ‘‘hetubhūtenā’’ti vacanaṃ idha hetuatthassa adhippetattā vuttaṃ. Bhagavā hi verañjāyaṃ viharanto therassa sikkhāpadapaññattiyācanahetubhūtaṃ parivitakkasamayaṃ apekkhamāno tena samayena hetubhūtena vihāsīti tīsupi <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ. Kiṃ panettha yutticintāya, ācariyassa idha kamavacanicchā natthīti evametaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Teneva <span class="bld">dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāya</span>mpi (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.paribbājakakathāvaṇṇanā) ‘‘tena samayena hetubhūtena karaṇabhūtenā’’tiādinā ayameva anukkamo vutto. Na hi tattha paṭhamaṃ ‘‘hetubhūtenā’’ti vacanaṃ idha ‘‘tena samayena verañjāyaṃ viharatī’’ti ettha hetuatthassa adhippetabhāvadīpanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. ‘‘Sikkhāpadāni paññāpayanto hetubhūtena karaṇabhūtena samayena vihāsi, sikkhāpadapaññattihetuñca apekkhamāno hetubhūtena samayena vihāsīti evamettha sambandho kātabbo’’tipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Tadatthajotanattha</span>nti hetuatthassa karaṇatthassa vā dīpanatthaṃ. <span class="bld">Idhā</span>ti imasmiṃ vinaye. <span class="bld">Hoti cetthā</span>ti ettha imasmiṃ padese yathāvuttatthasaṅgahavasena ayaṃ gāthā hoti. <span class="bld">Aññatrā</span>ti suttābhidhammesu.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Porāṇā</span>ti aṭṭhakathācariyā. <span class="bld">Abhilāpamattabhedo</span>ti vacanamattena viseso. Tena suttavinayesu vibhattivipariṇāmo katoti dasseti. <span class="bld">Parato atthaṃ vaṇṇayissāmā</span>ti parato ‘‘itipi so bhagavā’’tiādinā āgataṭṭhāne vaṇṇayissāma. <span class="bld">Verañjāya</span>nti ettha ‘‘balikaraggahaṇena janassa pīḷābhāvato niddosattā vigato rajo assāti <span class="bld">verañjā,</span> serivāṇijajātake devadattassa veruppannapadese katattā veraṃ ettha jātanti verañjā, paviṭṭhapaviṭṭhe naṭasamajjādīhi khādanīyabhojanīyālaṅkārādīhi ca vividhehi upakaraṇehi rañjanato vividhehi rañjayatīti verañjā, paṭipakkhe abhibhavitvā katabhāvato veraṃ abhibhavitvā jātāti verañjā, verañjassa nāma isino assamaṭṭhāne katattā verañjā’’ti evamādinā keci vaṇṇayanti. Kiṃ iminā, nāmamattametaṃ tassa nagarassāti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘verañjāti aññatarassa nagarassetaṃ adhivacana’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Samīpatthe bhummavacana</span>nti ‘‘gaṅgāyaṃ gāvo caranti, kūpe gaggakula’’ntiādīsu viya. <span class="bld">Avisesenā</span>ti <a name="M1.0203"></a><a name="V1.0180"></a> ‘‘pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati. Paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati. Sabbanimittānaṃ amanasikārā animittaṃ cetosamādhiṃ samāpajjitvā viharatī’’tiādīsu viya saddantarasannidhānasiddhena visesaparāmasanena vinā. Atha vā <span class="bld">avisesenā</span>ti na visesena, vihārabhāvasāmaññenāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Iriyāpatha…pe… vihāresū</span>ti iriyāpathavihāro dibbavihāro brahmavihāro ariyavihāroti etesu catūsu vihāresu. Tattha iriyanaṃ pavattanaṃ iriyā, kāyappayogo kāyikakiriyā. Tassā pavattanupāyabhāvato iriyāya pathoti iriyāpatho, ṭhānanisajjādi. Na hi ṭhānanisajjādīhi avatthāhi vinā kañci kāyikakiriyaṃ pavattetuṃ sakkā. Ṭhānasamaṅgī vā hi kāyena kiñci kareyya gamanādīsu aññatarasamaṅgī vāti. Viharaṇaṃ, viharati etenāti vā vihāro, iriyāpathova vihāro <span class="bld">iriyāpathavihāro,</span> so ca atthato ṭhānanisajjādiākārappavatto catusantatirūpappabandhova. Divi bhavo dibbo, tattha bahulappavattiyā brahmapārisajjādidevalokabhavoti attho. Tattha yo dibbānubhāvo tadatthāya saṃvattatīti vā dibbo, abhiññābhinīhāravasena mahāgatikattā vā dibbo, dibbo ca so vihāro cāti <span class="bld">dibbavihāro,</span> dibbabhāvāvaho vā vihāro dibbavihāro, mahaggatajjhānāni. Āruppasamāpattiyopi hi ettheva saṅgahaṃ gacchanti. <span class="bld">Nettiyaṃ</span> pana ‘‘catasso āruppasamāpattiyo āneñjavihāro’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ mettājhānādīnaṃ brahmavihāratā viya tāsaṃ bhāvanāvisesabhāvaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Aṭṭhakathāsu pana dibbabhāvāvahasāmaññato tāpi ‘‘dibbavihārā’’tveva vuttā. Brahmānaṃ vihārā <span class="bld">brahmavihārā,</span> brahmāno vā vihārā brahmavihārā, hitūpasaṃharādivasena pavattiyā brahmabhūtā seṭṭhabhūtā vihārāti attho, mettājhānādikā catasso appamaññāyo. Ariyā uttamā vihārāti <span class="bld">ariyavihārā,</span> anaññasādhāraṇattā ariyānaṃ vā vihārā ariyavihārā, catasso phalasamāpattiyo. Visesato pana rūpāvacaracatutthajjhānaṃ catasso appamaññāyo catutthajjhānikaphalasamāpatti ca bhagavato dibbabrahmaariyavihārā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aññataravihārasamaṅgīparidīpana</span>nti <a name="M1.0204"></a> yathāvuttavihāresu aññataravihārasamaṅgībhāvaparidīpanaṃ. Bhagavā hi lobhadosamohussannakāle loke tassa sakāya paṭipattiyā vinayanatthaṃ dibbabrahmaaayavihāre upasampajja viharati. Tathā hi yadā sattā kāmesu vippaṭipajjanti, tadā kira bhagavā dibbena vihārena viharati tesaṃ alobhakusalamūluppādanatthaṃ ‘‘appeva <a name="V1.0181"></a> nāma imaṃ paṭipattiṃ disvā ettha ruciṃ uppādentā kāmesu virajjeyyu’’nti. Yadā pana issariyatthaṃ sattesu vippaṭipajjanti, tadā pana brahmavihārena viharati tesaṃ adosakusalamūluppādanatthaṃ ‘‘appeva nāma imaṃ paṭipattiṃ disvā ettha ruciṃ uppādetvā adosena dosaṃ vūpasameyyu’’nti. Yadā pana pabbajitā dhammādhikaraṇaṃ vivadanti, tadā ariyavihārena viharati tesaṃ amohakusalamūluppādanatthaṃ ‘‘appeva nāma imaṃ paṭipattiṃ disvā tattha ruciṃ uppādetvā amohena mohaṃ vūpasameyyu’’nti. Evañca katvā imehi dibbabrahmaariyavihārehi sattānaṃ vividhaṃ hitasukhaṃ harati upaharati upaneti janeti uppādetīti ‘‘viharatī’’ti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iriyāpathavihārena pana na kadāci na viharati taṃ vinā attabhāvapariharaṇābhāvato, tatoyeva ca dibbavihārādīnampi sādhāraṇo iriyāpathavihāroti āha <span class="bld">‘‘idha panā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Iriyāpathasamāyogaparidīpana</span>nti itaravihārasamāyogaparidīpanassa visesavacanassa abhāvato iriyāpathasamāyogaparidīpanassa ca atthasiddhattā vuttaṃ. Asmiṃ pana pakkhe <span class="bld">viharatī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">vi</span>-saddo vicchedatthajotano, <span class="bld">haratī</span>ti neti pavattetīti attho, vicchinditvā haratīti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha kassa kena vicchindanaṃ, kathaṃ kassa pavattananti antolīnacodanaṃ sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘so hī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">So</span>ti bhagavā. Yadipi bhagavā ekenapi iriyāpathena cirataraṃ kālaṃ attabhāvaṃ pavattetuṃ sakkoti, tathāpi upādinnakasarīrassa nāma ayaṃ sabhāvoti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ekaṃ iriyāpathabādhana’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Aparipatanta</span>nti apatantaṃ. Yasmā pana bhagavā yattha katthaci vasanto vineyyānaṃ dhammaṃ desento nānāsamāpattīhi ca kālaṃ vītināmento vasatīti sattānaṃ attano ca vividhaṃ hitasukhaṃ harati upaneti, tasmā vividhaṃ haratīti viharatīti evampettha attho veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Naḷerupucimandamūle</span>ti <a name="M1.0205"></a> ettha vaṇṇayanti – <span class="bld">naḷerū</span>ti tasmiṃ rukkhe adhivatthayakkhassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ, tasmā tena adhivattho pucimando ‘‘naḷerussa pucimando naḷerupucimando’’ti vuccati. Atha vā naḷe ruhattā jātattā naḷeru. Susiramettha naḷasaddena vuccati, tasmā rukkhasusire jātattā naḷeru ca so pucimando cāti naḷerupucimandoti vuccati. Naḷavane ruhattā jātattā vā naḷeru. Naḷavane kira so pucimandarukkho jāto. Urunaḷo pucimando naḷerupucimando. Urusaddo cettha mahantapariyāyo, naḷasaddo susirapariyāyo, tasmā mahantena susirena samannāgato pucimando naḷerupucimandoti vuccatīti. Ācariyo pana kimettha bahubhāsitenāti ekamevatthaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘naḷeru nāma yakkho’’</span>tiādimāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mūla-saddo ettha samīpavacano adhippeto, na mūlamūlādīsu vattamānoti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘mūlanti samīpa’’</span>ntiādi. Nippariyāyena sākhādimato saṅghātassa suppatiṭṭhitabhāvasādhane avayavavisese <a name="V1.0182"></a> pavattamāno mūlasaddo yasmā taṃsadisesu tannissaye padese ca ruḷhīvasena pariyāyato pavattati, tasmā ‘‘mūlāni uddhareyyā’’ti ettha nippariyāyato mūlaṃ adhippetanti ekena mūlasaddena visesetvā āha <span class="bld">‘‘mūlamūle dissatī’’</span>ti yathā ‘‘dukkhadukkhaṃ, rūparūpa’’nti ca. <span class="bld">Asādhāraṇahetumhī</span>ti asādhāraṇakāraṇe. Lobho hi lobhasahagataakusalacittuppādasseva hetuttā asādhāraṇo, tasmā lobhasahagatacittuppādānameva āveṇike nesaṃ suppatiṭṭhitabhāvasādhanato mūlaṭṭhena upakārake paccayadhammaviseseti attho. Atha vā yathā alobhādayo kusalābyākatasādhāraṇā, lobhādayo pana tathā na honti akusalasseva sādhāraṇattāti asādhāraṇakāraṇaṃ. Atha vā <span class="bld">ādīsū</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena alobhādīnampi kusalābyākatamūlānaṃ saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. Tesupi hi alobhādikusalamūlaṃ akusalābyākatehi asādhāraṇattā asādhāraṇakāraṇaṃ, tathā alobhādiabyākatamūlampi itaradvayehi asādhāraṇattāti. <span class="bld">Nivāte</span>ti vātarahite padese, vātassa abhāve vā. <span class="bld">Patantī</span>ti nipatanti, ayameva vā pāṭho. <span class="bld">Ramaṇīyo</span>ti manuñño. <span class="bld">Pāsādiko</span>ti pasādāvaho, pasādajanakoti attho. Ādhipaccaṃ kurumāno viyāti sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti <a name="M1.0206"></a> ‘‘tena samayena buddho bhagavā verañjāyaṃ viharati naḷerupucimandamūle’’ti yaṃ vuttaṃ, tattha. <span class="bld">Siyā</span>ti kassaci evaṃ parivitakko siyā, vakkhamānākārena kadāci codeyya vāti attho. <span class="bld">Yadi tāva bhagavā</span>tiādīsu codakassāyamadhippāyo – ‘‘pāṭaliputte pāsāde vasatī’’tiādīsu viya adhikaraṇādhikaraṇaṃ yadi bhaveyya, tadā ‘‘verañjāyaṃ viharati naḷerupucimandamūle’’ti adhikaraṇadvayaniddeso yutto siyā, imesaṃ pana bhinnadesattā na yutto ubhayaniddesoti. <span class="bld">Atha tattha viharatī</span>ti yadi naḷerupucimandamūle viharati. <span class="bld">Na vattabba</span>nti nānāṭhānabhūtattā verañjānaḷerupucimandamūlānaṃ ‘‘tena samayenā’’ti ca vuttattāti adhippāyo. Idāni codako tameva attano adhippāyaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘na hi sakkā’’</span>tiādinā vivarati. Verañjānaḷerupucimandamūlānaṃ bhūmibhāgavasena bhinnattāyeva hi na sakkā ubhayattha teneva samayena viharituṃ, ‘‘ubhayattha teneva samayenā’’ti ca vuttattā nānāsamaye vihāro avāritoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Itaro sabbametaṃ aviparītamatthaṃ ajānantena tayā vuttanti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘na kho panetaṃ evaṃ daṭṭhabba’’</span>ntiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">eta</span>nti ‘‘verañjāyaṃ viharati naḷerupucimandamūle’’ti etaṃ vacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Eva</span>nti ‘‘yadi tāva bhagavā’’tiādinā yaṃ taṃ bhavatā coditaṃ, taṃ atthato evaṃ na kho pana daṭṭhabbaṃ, na ubhayattha apubbaṃ acarimaṃ vihāradassanatthanti attho. Idāni attanā yathādhippetaṃ <a name="V1.0183"></a> aviparītamatthaṃ tassa ca paṭikacceva vuttabhāvaṃ tena ca appaṭividdhataṃ pakāsento <span class="bld">‘‘nanu avocumha samīpatthe bhummavacana’’</span>ntiādimāha. <span class="bld">Goyūthānī</span>ti gomaṇḍalāni. Evampi naḷerupucimandamūle viharaticceva vattabbaṃ, na verañjāyanti, tasmā samīpādhikaraṇatthavasena ubhayathā nidānakittane kiṃ payojananti codanaṃ manasi nidhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘gocaragāmanidassanattha’’</span>ntiādi. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti bhagavato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Avassañcettha gocaragāmakittanaṃ kattabbaṃ. Yathā hi naḷerupucimandamūlakittanaṃ pabbajitānuggahakaraṇādianekappayojanaṃ, evaṃ gocaragāmakittanampi gahaṭṭhānuggahakaraṇādivividhappayojananti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘verañjākittanenā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">gahaṭṭhānuggahakaraṇa</span>nti tesaṃ tattha paccayaggahaṇena upasaṅkamanapayirupāsanādīnaṃ okāsadānena dhammadesanāya saraṇesu <a name="M1.0207"></a> sīlesu ca patiṭṭhāpanena yathūpanissayaṃ uparivisesādhigamāvahanena ca gahaṭṭhānaṃ anuggahakaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Pabbajitānuggahakaraṇa</span>nti uggahaparipucchānaṃ kammaṭṭhānānuyogassa ca anurūpavasanaṭṭhānapariggahenettha pabbajitānaṃ anuggahakaraṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paccayaggahaṇeneva paccayaparibhogasiddhito āha <span class="bld">‘‘tathā purimena…pe… vivajjana</span>nti. Tattha <span class="bld">purimenā</span>ti verañjāvacanena. Āhito ahaṃmāno etthāti attā, attabhāvo. Tassa kilamatho kilantabhāvo attakilamatho, attapīḷā attadukkhanti vuttaṃ hoti, tassa anuyogo karaṇaṃ attakilamathānuyogo, upavāsakaṇṭakāpassayaseyyādinā attano dukkhuppādananti vuttaṃ hoti. Tassa vivajjanaṃ <span class="bld">attakilamathānuyogavivajjanaṃ</span>. Antogāme vasantānaṃ anicchantānampi visabhāgarūpādiārammaṇadassanādisambhavato bahigāme patirūpaṭṭhāne vasantānaṃ tadabhāvato āha <span class="bld">‘‘pacchimena vatthukāmappahānato’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">pacchimenā</span>ti naḷerupucimandamūlavacanena. Kilesakāmassa vatthubhūtattā rūpādayo pañca kāmaguṇā vatthukāmo, tassa pahānaṃ <span class="bld">vatthukāmappahānaṃ. Kāmasukhallikānuyogavivajjanupāyadassana</span>nti vatthukāmesu kilesakāmasaṃyuttassa sukhassa yogo anuyogo anubhavo, tassa parivajjane upāyadassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sayameva gocaragāmaṃ upasaṅkamitvā attano dhammassavanānurūpabhabbapuggalānaṃ dassanato dhammadesanāya kālo sampatto nāma hotīti dhammadesanāya abhiyogo viññāyatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘purimena ca dhammadesanābhiyoga’’</span>nti. Dhammadesanāya saussāhabhāvo <span class="bld">dhammadesanābhiyogo</span>. Bahigāme vivittokāse vasantassa ākiṇṇavihārābhāvato kāyavivekādīsu adhimutti tappoṇatā viññāyatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘pacchimena vivekādhimutti’’</span>nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dhammadesanābhiyogavivekādhimuttīnaṃ <a name="V1.0184"></a> hetubhūtā eva karuṇāpaññā dhammadesanāya upagamanassa tato apagamanassa kāraṇabhūtā hontīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘purimena karuṇāya upagamana’’</span>ntiādi. Karuṇāpaññāyeva hi anantaradukassa hetū honti. Etena ca karuṇāya upagamanaṃ na lābhādinimittaṃ<a name="M1.0208"></a>, paññāya apagamanaṃ na virodhādinimittanti upagamanāpagamanānaṃ nirupakkilesataṃ vibhāvibhanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Adhimuttata</span>nti tanninnabhāvaṃ. <span class="bld">Nirupalepana</span>nti anupalepanaṃ anallīyanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhammikasukhāpariccāganimitta</span>nti ettha dhammikasukhaṃ nāma anavajjasukhaṃ. Tañhi dhammikaṃ lābhaṃ paṭicca uppannattā ‘‘dhammikasukha’’nti vuccati. Uttarimanussadhammābhiyoganimittaṃ phāsuvihāranti sambandho. <span class="bld">Manussānaṃ upakārabahulata</span>nti paccayapaṭiggahaṇadhammadesanādivasena upakārabahulataṃ. <span class="bld">Devatānaṃ</span> upakārabahulataṃ janavivittatāya. Pacurajanavivittañhi ṭhānaṃ devā upasaṅkamitabbaṃ maññanti. <span class="bld">Loke saṃvaḍḍhabhāva</span>nti āmisopabhogena saṃvaḍḍhitabhāvaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ekapuggalo</span>ti ettha (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.170) <span class="bld">eko</span>ti dutiyādipaṭikkhepattho gaṇanaparicchedo. <span class="bld">Puggalo</span>ti sammutikathā, na paramatthakathā. Buddhassa hi bhagavato duvidhā desanā sammutidesanā paramatthadesanā cāti. Ayamattho pana heṭṭhā vitthāritovāti idha na vuccati. Eko ca so puggalo cāti ekapuggalo. Kenaṭṭhena ekapuggalo? Asadisaṭṭhena guṇavisiṭṭhaṭṭhena asamasamaṭṭhena. So hi dasannaṃ pāramīnaṃ paṭipāṭiyā āvajjanaṃ ādiṃ katvā bodhisambhāraguṇehi ceva buddhaguṇehi ca sesamahājanena asadisoti <span class="bld">asadisaṭṭhena</span>pi ekapuggalo. Ye cassa te guṇā, tepi aññasattānaṃ guṇehi visiṭṭhāti <span class="bld">guṇavisiṭṭhaṭṭhena</span>pi ekapuggalo. Purimakā sammāsambuddhā sabbasattehi asamā, tehi saddhiṃ ayameva eko rūpakāyaguṇehi ceva nāmakāyaguṇehi ca samoti <span class="bld">asamasamaṭṭhena</span>pi ekapuggalo. <span class="bld">Loke</span>ti sattaloke.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Uppajjamāno uppajjatī</span>ti idaṃ pana ubhayampi vippakatavacanameva. Uppajjanto bahujanahitatthāya uppajjati, na aññena kāraṇenāti evaṃ panettha attho veditabbo. Evarūpañcettha lakkhaṇaṃ na sakkā etaṃ aññena saddalakkhaṇena paṭibāhituṃ. Apica uppajjamāno nāma, uppajjati nāma, uppanno nāmāti ayamettha bhedo veditabbo. Esa hi dīpaṅkarapādamūlato laddhabyākaraṇo buddhakārakadhamme pariyesanto dasa pāramiyo disvā ‘‘ime dhammā mayā pūretabbā’’ti katasanniṭṭhāno dānapāramiṃ <a name="M1.0209"></a> pūrentopi <span class="bld">uppajjamāno</span> nāma. Sīlapāramiṃ…pe… upekkhāpāraminti imā dasa pāramiyo pūrentopi, dasa upapāramiyo pūrentopi <a name="V1.0185"></a> uppajjamāno nāma. Dasa paramatthapāramiyo pūrentopi uppajjamāno nāma. Pañca mahāpariccāge pariccajantopi uppajjamāno nāma. Ñātatthacariyaṃ lokatthacariyaṃ buddhatthacariyaṃ pūrayamānopi uppajjamāno nāma. Kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni buddhakārake dhamme matthakaṃ pāpentopi uppajjamāno nāma. Vessantarattabhāvaṃ pahāya tusitapure paṭisandhiṃ gahetvā saṭṭhivassasatasahassādhikā sattapaṇṇāsa vassakoṭiyo tiṭṭhantopi uppajjamāno nāma. Devatāhi yācito pañca mahāvilokanāni viloketvā māyādeviyā kucchismiṃ paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhantopi, anūnādhike dasa māse gabbhavāsaṃ vasantopi uppajjamāno nāma. Ekūnatiṃsa vassāni agāramajjhe tiṭṭhantopi uppajjamāno nāma. Kāmesu ādīnavaṃ nekkhamme ca ānisaṃsaṃ disvā rāhulabhaddassa jātadivase channasahāyo kaṇḍakaṃ assavaramāruyha nikkhamantopi uppajjamāno nāma. Tīṇi rajjāni atikkamanto anomanaditīre pabbajantopi uppajjamāno nāma. Chabbassāni mahāpadhānaṃ karontopi uppajjamāno nāma. Paripākagate ñāṇe oḷārikaṃ āhāraṃ āharantopi uppajjamāno nāma. Sāyanhasamaye visākhapuṇṇamāyaṃ mahābodhimaṇḍaṃ āruyha mārabalaṃ vidhametvā paṭhamayāme pubbenivāsaṃ anussaritvā majjhimayāme dibbacakkhuṃ parisodhetvā pacchimayāmasamanantare dvādasaṅgaṃ paṭiccasamuppādaṃ anulomapaṭilomato sammasitvā sotāpattimaggaṃ paṭivijjhantopi uppajjamāno nāma. Sotāpattiphalakkhaṇepi sakadāgāmiphalakkhaṇepi anāgāmiphalakkhaṇepi uppajjamāno nāma. Arahattamaggakkhaṇe pana <span class="bld">uppajjati</span> nāma. Arahattaphalakkhaṇe <span class="bld">uppanno</span> nāma. Buddhānañhi sāvakānaṃ viya na paṭipāṭiyā iddhividhañāṇādīni uppajjanti, saheva pana arahattamaggena sakalopi sabbaññutaññāṇādi guṇarāsi āgatova nāma hoti, tasmā nibbattasabbakiccattā arahattaphalakkhaṇe uppanno nāma hoti. Imasmimpi sutte arahattaphalakkhaṇaṃyeva sandhāya ‘‘uppajjatī’’ti vuttaṃ. Uppanno hotīti ayañhettha attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bahujanahitāyā</span>ti mahājanassa hitatthāya uppajjati. <span class="bld">Bahujanasukhāyā</span>ti mahājanassa sukhatthāya uppajjati. <span class="bld">Lokānukampāyā</span>ti sattalokassa <a name="M1.0210"></a> anukampaṃ paṭicca uppajjati. Katarasattalokassāti? Yo tathāgatassa dhammadesanaṃ sutvā amatapānaṃ pivi, dhammaṃ paṭivijjhi, tassa. Bhagavatā hi mahābodhimaṇḍe sattasattāhaṃ vītināmetvā bodhimaṇḍā isipatanaṃ āgamma ‘‘dveme, bhikkhave, antā pabbajitena na sevitabbā’’ti dhammacakkappavattanasuttante (saṃ. ni. 3.5; mahāva. 13) desite āyasmatā aññāsikoṇḍaññattherena saddhiṃ aṭṭhārasakoṭisaṅkhā brahmāno amatapānaṃ piviṃsu, etassa sattalokassa anukampāya uppanno. Pañcamadivase anattalakkhaṇasuttantapariyosāne pañcavaggiyattherā arahatte patiṭṭhahiṃsu, etassapi sattalokassa anukampāya <a name="V1.0186"></a> uppanno. Tato yasadārakappamukhe pañcapaṇṇāsa purise arahatte patiṭṭhāpesi, tato kappāsikavanasaṇḍe tiṃsa bhaddavaggiye tayo magge ca phalāni ca sampāpesi, etassapi sattalokassa anukampāya uppanno. Gayāsīse ādittapariyāyapariyosāne (saṃ. ni. 4.28; mahāva. 54) jaṭilasahassaṃ arahatte patiṭṭhāpesi, tato laṭṭhivane bimbisārappamukhā ekādasa nahutā brāhmaṇagahapatikā satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahiṃsu, ekaṃ nahutaṃ saraṇesu patiṭṭhitaṃ. Tirokuṭṭaanumodanāvasāne (khu. pā. 7. 1 ādayo) caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassehi amatapānaṃ pītaṃ. Sumanamālākārasamāgame caturāsītiyā, dhanapālasamāgame dasahi pāṇasahassehi, khadiraṅgārajātakasamāgame caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassehi, jambukaājīvakasamāgame caturāsītiyāva, ānandaseṭṭhisamāgame caturāsītiyāva pāṇasahassehi amatapānaṃ pītaṃ. Pāsāṇakacetiye pārāyanasuttakathādivase (su. ni. 982 ādayo) cuddasa koṭiyo amatapānaṃ piviṃsu. Yamakapāṭihāriyadivase vīsati pāṇakoṭiyo, tāvatiṃsabhavane paṇḍukambalasilāyaṃ nisīditvā mātaraṃ kāyasakkhiṃ katvā sattappakaraṇaṃ abhidhammaṃ desentassa asīti pāṇakoṭiyo, devorohaṇe tiṃsa pāṇakoṭiyo, sakkapañhasuttante (dī. ni. 2.344 ādayo) asīti devasahassāni amatapānaṃ piviṃsu. Mahāsamayasuttante (dī. ni. 2.331 ādayo) maṅgalasutte (khu. pā. 5.1 ādayo; su. ni. maṅgalasutta) cūḷarāhulovāde (ma. ni. 3.416 ādayo) samacittapaṭipadāyāti (a. ni. 2.33) imesu catūsu ṭhānesu abhisamayappattasattānaṃ paricchedo natthi, etassapi sattalokassa anukampāya uppannoti. Yāvajjadivasā ito <a name="M1.0211"></a> parampi anāgate imaṃ sāsanaṃ nissāya saggamokkhamagge patiṭṭhahantānaṃ vasenapi ayamattho veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Devamanussāna</span>nti na kevalaṃ devamanussānaṃyeva, avasesānaṃ nāgasupaṇṇādīnampi atthāya hitāya sukhāyeva uppanno. Sahetukapaṭisandhike pana maggaphalasacchikiriyāya bhabbe puggale dassetuṃ evaṃ vuttaṃ. Tasmā etesampi atthatthāya hitatthāya sukhatthāyeva uppannoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Katamo ekapuggalo</span>ti kathetukamyatāpucchā. Idāni tāya pucchāya puṭṭhaṃ ekapuggalaṃ vibhāvento <span class="bld">‘‘tathāgato arahaṃ sammāsambuddho’’</span>ti āha. <span class="bld">Tadatthaparinipphādana</span>nti lokatthanipphādanaṃ, buddhakiccasampādananti attho. <span class="bld">Paṭhamaṃ lumbinīvane dutiyaṃ bodhimaṇḍe</span>ti lumbinīvane rūpakāyena jāto, bodhimaṇḍe dhammakāyena. <span class="bld">Evamādinā</span>ti <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena verañjākittanato rūpakāyassa anuggaṇhanaṃ dasseti, naḷerupucimandamūlakittanato dhammakāyassa. Tathā purimena parādhīnakiriyākaraṇaṃ, dutiyena attādhīnakiriyākaraṇaṃ. Purimena vā karuṇākiccaṃ, itarena paññākiccaṃ<a name="V1.0187"></a>, purimena cassa paramāya anukampāya samannāgamaṃ, pacchimena paramāya upekkhāya samannāgamanti evamādiṃ saṅgaṇhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pacchimako</span>ti guṇena pacchimako. Ānandattheraṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Saṅkhyāyapī</span>ti gaṇanatopi. Diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena saṃhatattā saṅghoti imamatthaṃ vibhāvento āha <span class="bld">‘‘diṭṭhisīlasāmaññasaṅkhātasaṅghātena samaṇagaṇenā’’</span>ti. Ettha pana ‘‘yāyaṃ diṭṭhi ariyā niyyānikā niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāya, tathārūpāya diṭṭhiyā diṭṭhisāmaññagato viharatī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.324, 356, ma. ni. 1.492; 3.54) evaṃ vuttāya diṭṭhiyā, ‘‘yāni tāni sīlāni akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni bhujissāni viññuppasatthāni aparāmaṭṭhāni samādhisaṃvattanikāni, tathārūpesu sīlesu sīlasāmaññagato viharatī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.324; 356; ma. ni. 1.492; 3.54) evaṃ vuttānañca sīlānaṃ sāmaññasaṅkhātena saṅghato saṅghaṭito sametoti <span class="bld">diṭṭhisīlasāmaññasaṅkhātasaṅghāto,</span> samaṇagaṇo. Diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena saṃhatoti vuttaṃ hoti. Tathā hi ‘‘aṭṭhānametaṃ, bhikkhave, anavakāso, yaṃ diṭṭhisampanno puggalo sañcicca pāṇaṃ jīvitā voropeyya, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī’’ti <a name="M1.0212"></a> ādivacanato diṭṭhisīlānaṃ niyatasabhāvattā sotāpannāpi aññamaññaṃ diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena saṃhatā, pageva sakadāgāmiādayo. Ariyapuggalā hi yattha katthaci dūre ṭhitāpi attano guṇasāmaggiyā saṃhatāyeva. ‘‘Tathārūpāya diṭṭhiyā diṭṭhisāmaññagato viharati (dī. ni. 3.324, 356; ma. ni. 1.492; 3.54), tathārūpesu sīlesu sīlasāmaññagato viharatī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.324, 356; ma. ni. 1.492; 3.54) vacanato puthujjanānampi diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena saṃhatabhāvo labbhatiyeva, idha pana ariyasaṅghoyeva adhippeto ‘‘yo tattha pacchimako, so sotāpanno’’ti vacanato. <span class="bld">Etenā</span>ti ‘‘pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehī’’ti etena vacanena. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti pañcamattassa bhikkhusatassa. <span class="bld">Nirabbudo</span>tiādīnaṃ vacanattho parato eva āvi bhavissati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Assosī</span>ti ettha savanamupalabbhoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘assosīti suṇi upalabhī’’</span>ti, aññāsīti attho. So cāyamupalabbho savanavasenevāti imamatthaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘sotadvārasampattavacananigghosānusārena aññāsī’’</span>ti. Avadhāraṇaphalattā saddappayogassa sabbampi vākyaṃ antogadhāvadhāraṇanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘khoti padapūraṇamatte nipāto’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Avadhāraṇatthe</span>ti pana iminā antogadhāvadhāraṇepi sabbasmiṃ vākye iṭṭhatovadhāraṇatthaṃ khosaddaggahaṇanti dasseti. Tameva iṭṭhatovadhāraṇaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘tattha avadhāraṇatthenā’’</span>tiādi. Atha padapūraṇatthena khosaddena kiṃpayojananti <a name="V1.0188"></a> āha <span class="bld">‘‘padapūraṇena pana byañjanasiliṭṭhatāmattamevā’’</span>ti. ‘‘Assosī’’ti hi padaṃ khosadde gahite tena phullitamaṇḍitavibhūsitaṃ viya hontaṃ pūritaṃ nāma hoti, tena ca purimapacchimapadāni siliṭṭhāni honti, na tasmiṃ aggahite, tasmā padapūraṇena byañjanasiliṭṭhatāmattameva payojanaṃ. <span class="bld">Matta</span>-saddo cettha visesanivattiattho, tenassa anatthantaradīpanataṃ dasseti, <span class="bld">eva</span>-saddena pana byañjanasiliṭṭhatāya ekantikataṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Verañjo</span>ti ettha saddalakkhaṇānusārena atthaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘verañjāyaṃ jāto’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Brahmaṃ aṇatī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">brahma</span>nti vedo vuccati, so pana mantabrahmakappavasena tividho. Tattha mantā padhānamūlabhāvatoyeva aṭṭhakādīhi pavuttā, itare pana tannissayena jātā, tena <a name="M1.0213"></a> padhānasseva gahaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Mante sajjhāyatī</span>ti iruvedādike mantasatthe sajjhāyatīti attho. Iruvedādayo hi guttabhāsitabbatāya ‘‘mantā’’ti vuccanti. <span class="bld">Idameva hī</span>ti avadhāraṇena brahmato jātotiādikaṃ niruttiṃ paṭikkhipati. <span class="bld">Jātibrāhmaṇāna</span>nti iminā aññepi brāhmaṇā atthīti dasseti. Duvidhā hi brāhmaṇā jātibrāhmaṇā visuddhibrāhmaṇā cāti. Idāni tattha visuddhibrāhmaṇānaṃ niruttiṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘ariyā panā’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Samitapāpattā</span>ti accantaṃ anavasesato savāsanaṃ samitapāpattā. Evañhi bāhirakaavītarāgasekkhāsekkhapāpasamaṇato bhagavato pāpasamaṇaṃ visesitaṃ hoti. Vuttamevatthaṃ udāharaṇena vibhāvento āha <span class="bld">‘‘vuttañheta’’</span>ntiādi. Ettha pana <span class="bld">‘‘bāhitapāpoti brāhmaṇo, samitapāpattā samaṇoti vuccatī</span>ti idaṃ bhinnagāthāsannissitapadadvayaṃ ekato gahetvā vutta’’nti vadanti. Vuttañhetaṃ tīsupi <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> ‘‘samitattā hi pāpānaṃ, samaṇoti pavuccatīti idaṃ vacanaṃ gahetvā ‘samitattā samaṇoti vuccatī’ti vuttaṃ. Bāhitapāpoti brāhmaṇoti idaṃ pana aññasmiṃ gāthābandhe vuttavacana’’nti. Anekatthattā nipātānaṃ idha anussavanatthe adhippetoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘khalūti anussavanatthe nipāto’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Jātisamudāgata</span>nti jātiyā āgataṃ, jātisiddhanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Ālapanamatta</span>nti piyālāpavacanamattaṃ. Piyasamudāhārā hete bhoti vā āvusoti vā devānampiyāti vā. <span class="bld">Bhovādī nāma so hotī</span>ti yo āmantanādīsu ‘‘bho bho’’ti vadanto vicarati, so bhovādī nāma hotīti attho. <span class="bld">Sakiñcano</span>ti rāgādīhi kiñcanehi sakiñcano. Rāgādayo hi satte kiñcenti maddanti palibundhantīti ‘‘kiñcanānī’’ti vuccanti. Manussā kira goṇehi khalaṃ maddāpentā ‘‘kiñcehi kapila, kiñcehi kāḷakā’’ti vadanti, tasmā maddanaṭṭho kiñcanaṭṭhoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Gottavasenā</span>ti <a name="V1.0189"></a> ettha gaṃ tāyatīti gottaṃ. Gosaddena cettha abhidhānaṃ buddhi ca vuccati, tasmā evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Gotamoti pavattamānaṃ abhidhānaṃ buddhiñca ekaṃsikavisayatāya tāyati rakkhatīti gottaṃ. Yathā hi buddhi ārammaṇabhūtena atthena vinā na vattati, evaṃ abhidhānaṃ <a name="M1.0214"></a> abhidheyyabhūtena, tasmā so gottasaṅkhāto attho tāni buddhiabhidhānāni tāyati rakkhatīti vuccati. So pana aññakulaparamparāya asādhāraṇaṃ tassa kulassa ādipurisasamudāgataṃ taṃkulapariyāpannasādhāraṇaṃ sāmaññarūpanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ettha ca <span class="bld">samaṇo</span>ti iminā sarikkhakajanehi bhagavato bahumatabhāvo dassito samitapāpatākittanato, <span class="bld">gotamo</span>ti iminā lokiyajanehi uḷārakulasambhūtatādīpanato. Sakyassa suddhodanamahārājassa putto <span class="bld">sakyaputto</span>. Iminā ca uditoditavipulakhattiyakulavibhāvanato vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘idaṃ pana bhagavato uccākulapaadīpana’’</span>nti. Sabbakhattiyānañhi ādibhūtamahāsammatamahārājato paṭṭhāya asambhinnaṃ uḷāratamaṃ sakyarājakulaṃ. <span class="bld">Kenaci pārijuññena anabhibhūto</span>ti ñātipārijuññabhogapārijuññādinā kenaci pārijuññena parihāniyā anabhibhūto anajjhotthaṭo. Tathā hi lokanāthassa abhijātiyaṃ tassa kulassa na kiñci pārijuññaṃ, atha kho vaḍḍhiyeva. Abhinikkhamane ca tato samiddhatamabhāvo loke pākaṭo paññāto. Tena <span class="bld">‘‘sakyakulā pabbajito’’</span>ti idaṃ vacanaṃ bhagavato saddhāpabbajitabhāvaparidīpanatthaṃ vuttaṃ mahantaṃ ñātiparivaṭṭaṃ mahantañca bhogakkhandhaṃ pahāya pabbajitabhāvasiddhito. <span class="bld">Tato para</span>nti ‘‘verañjāyaṃ viharatī’’tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Itthambhūtākhyānatthe upayogavacana</span>nti itthaṃ imaṃ pakāraṃ bhūto āpannoti ittambhūto, tassa ākhyānaṃ itthambhūtākhyānaṃ, soyeva attho itthambhūtākhyānattho. Atha vā itthaṃ evaṃ pakāro bhūto jātoti evaṃ kathanattho itthambhūtākhyānattho, tasmiṃ upayogavacananti attho. Ettha ca <span class="bld">abbhuggato</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">abhi</span>-saddo itthambhūtākhyānatthajotako abhibhavitvā uggamanappakārassa dīpanato. Tena yogato ‘‘taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotama’’nti idaṃ upayogavacanaṃ sāmiatthepi samānaṃ itthambhūtākhyānadīpanato ‘‘itthambhūtākhyānatthe’’ti vuttaṃ. Tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘tassa kho pana bhoto gotamassāti attho’’</span>ti. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā ‘‘sādhu devadatto mātaramabhī’’ti ettha abhisaddayogato itthambhūtākhyāne upayogavacanaṃ kataṃ, evamidhāpi taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ abhi evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo uggatoti abhisaddayogato <a name="M1.0215"></a> itthambhūtākhyāne upayogavacananti. ‘‘Sādhu devadatto mātaramabhī’’ti ettha hi ‘‘devadatto mātaramabhi mātari visaye mātuyā vā sādhū’’ti evaṃ adhikaraṇatthe sāmiatthe vā bhummavacanassa vā sāmivacanassa vā pasaṅge itthambhūtākhyānatthajotakena abhisaddena yoge upayogavacanaṃ kataṃ. Yathā cettha ‘‘devadatto mātu visaye mātusambandhī vā sādhuttappakārappatto’’ti ayamattho viññāyati<a name="V1.0190"></a>, evamidhāpi ‘‘bhoto gotamassa sambandhī kittisaddo abbhuggato abhibhavitvā uggamanappakārappatto’’ti ayamattho viññāyati. Tattha hi devadattaggahaṇaṃ viya idha kittisaddaggahaṇaṃ, tathā tattha ‘‘mātara’’nti vacanaṃ viya idha ‘‘taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotama’’nti vacanaṃ, tattha sādhusaddaggahaṇaṃ viya idha uggatasaddaggahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kalyāṇo</span>ti bhaddako. Kalyāṇabhāvo cassa kalyāṇaguṇavisayatāyāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘kalyāṇaguṇasamannāgato’’</span>ti, kalyāṇehi guṇehi samannāgato taṃvisayatāya yuttoti attho. Taṃvisayatā hettha samannāgamo kalyāṇaguṇavisayatāya tannissitoti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Seṭṭho</span>ti etthāpi eseva nayo. Seṭṭhaguṇavisayatāya eva hi kittisaddassa seṭṭhatā ‘‘bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭha’’ntiādīsu viya. ‘‘Bhagavā araha’’ntiādinā guṇānaṃ saṃkittanato saddanīyato ca kittisaddo vaṇṇoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘kittisaddoti kitti evā’’</span>ti. Vaṇṇoyeva hi kittetabbato kittisaddanīyato saddoti ca vuccati. Kittipariyāyo hi saddasaddo yathā ‘‘uḷārasaddā isayo, guṇavanto tapassino’’ti. Abhitthavanavasena pavatto saddo thutighoso, abhitthavudāhāro.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Abbhuggato’’ti pana etassa attho aṭṭhakathāyaṃ na dassito, tasmā tassattho evaṃ veditabbo – <span class="bld">abbhuggato</span>ti abhibhavitvā uggato, anaññasādhāraṇaguṇe ārabbha pavattattā sadevakaṃ lokaṃ ajjhottharitvā pavattoti vuttaṃ hoti. Kinti saddo abbhuggatoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘itipi so bhagavā’’</span>tiādi. Ito paraṃ pana īdisesu ṭhānesu yattha yattha pāḷipāṭhassa attho vattabbo siyā, tattha tattha ‘‘pāḷiyaṃ panā’’ti vatvā atthaṃ dassayissāma, idāni tattha padayojanāpubbakaṃ atthaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘itipi so bhagavātiādīsu pana</span> <a name="M1.0216"></a> <span class="bld">ayaṃ tāva yojanā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">So bhagavā</span>ti yo so samatiṃsa pāramiyo pūretvā sabbakilese bhañjitvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho devānaṃ atidevo sakkānaṃ atisakko brahmānaṃ atibrahmā lokanātho bhāgyavantatādīhi kāraṇehi bhagavāti laddhanāmo, so bhagavā. Bhagavāti hi idaṃ satthu nāmakittanaṃ. Tenāha āyasmā dhammasenāpati ‘‘bhagavāti netaṃ nāmaṃ mātarā kata’’ntiādi (mahāni. 84). Parato pana bhagavāti guṇakittanameva. Yathā kammaṭṭhānikena ‘‘araha’’ntiādīsu navasu ṭhānesu paccekaṃ itipisaddaṃ yojetvā buddhaguṇā anussarīyanti, evaṃ buddhaguṇasaṃkittakenapīti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘itipi arahaṃ itipi sammāsambuddho…pe… itipi bhagavā’’</span>ti āha. Evañhi sati ‘‘araha’’ntiādīhi navahi padehi ye sadevake loke ativiya pākaṭā paññātā buddhaguṇā, te nānappakārato vibhāvitā honti. ‘‘Itipetaṃ bhūtaṃ, itipetaṃ taccha’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.6) viya hi idha <span class="bld">iti</span>-saddo āsannapaccakkhakāraṇattho<a name="V1.0191"></a>, <span class="bld">pi</span>-saddo sampiṇḍanattho, tena ca tesaṃ guṇānaṃ bahubhāvo dīpito, tāni ca guṇasallakkhaṇakāraṇāni saddhāsampannānaṃ viññujātikānaṃ paccakkhāni hontīti tāni saṃkittentena viññunā cittassa sammukhībhūtāneva katvā saṃkittetabbānīti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘iminā ca iminā ca kāraṇenāti vuttaṃ hotī’’</span>ti āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Suttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthaṃ, suttānurūpaṃ paridīpayantī’’ti heṭṭhā vuttattā <span class="bld">visuddhimagge</span> (visuddhi. 1.125-128) sabbākārato saṃvaṇṇitampi atthaṃ idhāpi vitthāretvā dassetukāmo tattha payojanamāha <span class="bld">‘‘idāni vinayadharāna’’</span>ntiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">cittasampahaṃsanattha</span>nti cittasantosanatthaṃ, cittappasādajananatthanti vuttaṃ hoti. ‘‘Ārakattā’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">ārakattā</span>ti suvidūrattā. <span class="bld">Arīna</span>nti kilesārīnaṃ. <span class="bld">Arāna</span>nti saṃsāracakkassa arānaṃ. <span class="bld">Hatattā</span>ti viddhaṃsitattā. <span class="bld">Paccayādīna</span>nti cīvarādipaccayānañceva pūjāvisesānañca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni yathāvuttamevatthaṃ vibhāvento āha <span class="bld">‘‘ārakā hi so’’</span>tiādi. Dūratā nāma āsannatā viya upādāyupādāya vuccatīti paramukkaṃsagataṃ dūrabhāvaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘suvidūravidūre ṭhito’’</span>ti āha, suṭṭhu vidūrabhāveneva vidūre ṭhitoti attho. So panassa kilesehi dūre <a name="M1.0217"></a> ṭhitabhāvo, na padesavasena, atha kho tesaṃ sabbaso pahīnattāti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘maggena kilesānaṃ viddhaṃsitattā’’</span>ti. Nanu aññesampi khīṇāsavānaṃ te pahīnā evāti anuyogaṃ manasi katvā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘savāsanāna’’</span>nti. Na hi ṭhapetvā bhagavantaṃ aññe saha vāsanāya kilese pahātuṃ sakkonti. Etena aññehi asādhāraṇaṃ bhagavato arahattanti dassitaṃ hoti. Kā panāyaṃ vāsanā nāma? Pahīnakilesassapi appahīnakilesassa payogasadisapayogahetubhūto kilesanissito sāmatthiyaviseso āyasmato pilindavacchassa vasalasamudācāranimittaṃ viya. Kathaṃ pana ‘‘ārakā’’ti vutte ‘‘kilesehī’’ti ayamattho labbhatīti sāmaññacodanāya visese avaṭṭhānato visesatthinā ca visesassa anupayujjitabbato ‘‘ārakāssa honti pāpakā akusalā dhammā’’tiādīni (ma. ni. 1.434) suttapadānettha udāharitabbāni. <span class="bld">Ārakā</span>ti cettha <span class="bld">ā</span>-kārassa rassattaṃ, <span class="bld">ka</span>-kārassa ca hakāraṃ sānusāraṃ katvā niruttinayena ‘‘araha’’nti padasiddhi veditabbā. Yathāvuttassevatthassa sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ idamettha vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘So tato ārakā nāma, yassa yenāsamaṅgitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Asamaṅgī ca dosehi, nātho tenārahaṃ mato’’ti. (visuddhi. 1.125);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Anatthacaraṇena <a name="V1.0192"></a> kilesā eva arayoti <span class="bld">kilesārayo</span>. Arīnaṃ hatattā arihāti vattabbe niruttinayena <span class="bld">‘‘araha’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Etthāpi yathāvuttassatthassa sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ idaṃ veditabbaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yasmā rāgādisaṅkhātā, sabbepi arayo hatā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paññāsatthena nāthena, tasmāpi arahaṃ mato’’ti. (visuddhi. 1.126);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yañcetaṃ saṃsāracakkanti sambandho. Rathacakkassa nābhi viya mūlāvayavabhūtaṃ anto bahi ca samavaṭṭhitaṃ avijjābhavataṇhādvayanti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘avijjābhavataṇhāmayanābhī’’</span>ti. Nābhiyā nemiyā ca sambaddhaarasadisā paccayaphalabhūtehi avijjātaṇhājarāmaraṇehi sambaddhā puññābhisaṅkhāraapuññābhisaṅkhāraāneñjābhisaṅkhārāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘puññādiabhisaṅkhārāra’’</span>nti. Tattha tattha bhave pariyantabhāvena pākaṭaṃ jarāmaraṇanti taṃ nemiṭṭhāniyaṃ katvā āha <a name="M1.0218"></a> <span class="bld">‘‘jarāmaraṇanemī’’</span>ti. Yathā rathacakkappavattiyā padhānakāraṇaṃ akkho, evaṃ saṃsāracakkappavattiyā āsavasamudayoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘āsavasamudayamayena akkhena vijjhitvā’’</span>ti. Āsavā eva avijjādīnaṃ kāraṇattā āsavasamudayo. Yathāha ‘‘āsavasamudayā avijjāsamudayo’’ti (ma. ni. 1.103). Vipākakaṭattārūpappabhedo kāmabhavādiko tibhavo eva ratho, tasmiṃ <span class="bld">tibhavarathe</span>. Attano paccayehi samaṃ, sabbaso vā ādito paṭṭhāya yojitanti <span class="bld">samāyojitaṃ</span>. Ādirahitaṃ kālaṃ pavattatīti katvā <span class="bld">anādikālappavattaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Khandhānañca paṭipāṭi, dhātuāyatanāna ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Abbocchinnaṃ vattamānā, saṃsāroti pavuccatī’’ti. (visuddhi. 2.619; dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.95 apasādanāvaṇṇanā; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 2.2.60; a. ni. aṭṭha. 2.4.199) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ vuttasaṃsārova <span class="bld">saṃsāracakkaṃ. Anenā</span>ti bhagavatā. <span class="bld">Bodhimaṇḍe</span>ti bodhisaṅkhātassa ñāṇassa maṇḍabhāvappatte ṭhāne kāle vā. Bodhīti paññā, sā ettha maṇḍā pasannā jātāti <span class="bld">bodhimaṇḍo. Vīriyapādehī</span>ti saṃkilesavodānapakkhiyesu sannirumbhanasannikkhipanakiccatāya dvidhā pavatteti attano vīriyasaṅkhātehi pādehi. <span class="bld">Sīlapathaviya</span>nti patiṭṭhānaṭṭhena sīlameva pathavī, tassaṃ. <span class="bld">Patiṭṭhāyā</span>ti sampādanavasena patiṭṭhahitvā. <span class="bld">Saddhāhatthenā</span>ti anavajjadhammādānasādhanato saddhāva hattho, tena. <span class="bld">Kammakkhayakara</span>nti kāyakammādibhedassa sabbassapi kammassa khayakaraṇato kammakkhayakaraṃ. <span class="bld">Ñāṇapharasu</span>nti samādhisilāyaṃ sunisitaṃ maggañāṇapharasuṃ gahetvā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="V1.0193"></a> ‘‘arānaṃ hatattā’’ti ettha vuttaṃ arasaṅkhātaṃ saṃsāraṃ cakkaṃ viya cakkanti gahetvā atthayojanaṃ katvā idāni paṭiccasamuppādadesanākkamenapi taṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘atha vā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">anamataggasaṃsāravaṭṭa</span>nti anu anu amataggaṃ aviññātapubbakoṭikaṃ saṃsāramaṇḍalaṃ. <span class="bld">Sesā dasa dhammā</span>ti saṅkhārādayo jātipariyosānā dasa dhammā. Kathaṃ tesaṃ saṅkhārādīnaṃ arabhāvoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘avijjāmūlakattā jarāmaraṇapariyantattā cā’’</span>ti. Tattha avijjā mūlaṃ padhānakāraṇaṃ yesaṃ saṅkhārādīnaṃ te avijjāmūlakā, tesaṃ bhāvo <span class="bld">avijjāmūlakattaṃ</span>. Jarāmaraṇaṃ pariyantaṃ <a name="M1.0219"></a> pariyosānabhūtaṃ etesanti jarāmaraṇapariyantā, saṅkhārādayo dasa dhammā. Tesaṃ bhāvo <span class="bld">jarāmaraṇapariyantattaṃ</span>. Saṅkhārādijātipariyosānānaṃ dasadhammānaṃ avijjāmūlakattā jarāmaraṇapariyosānattā cāti attho, nābhibhūtāya avijjāya mūlato nemibhūtena jarāmaraṇena antato saṅkhārādīnaṃ sambandhattāti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dukkhādīsū</span>ti dukkhasamudayanirodhamaggesu. <span class="bld">Aññāṇa</span>nti ñāṇappaṭipakkhattā moho aññāṇaṃ, na pana ñāṇato aññaṃ, napi ñāṇassa abhāvamattaṃ. Tattha dukkhādīsu aññāṇaṃ yathāsabhāvappaṭivedhāppadānato tappaṭicchādanavaseneva. Ettha hi kiñcāpi ṭhapetvā lokuttarasaccadvayaṃ sesaṭṭhānesu ārammaṇavasenapi avijjā uppajjati, evaṃ santepi paṭicchādanavaseneva idha adhippetā. Sā hi uppannā dukkhasaccaṃ paṭicchādetvā tiṭṭhati, yāthāvasarasalakkhaṇaṃ paṭivijjhituṃ na deti, tathā samudayaṃ nirodhaṃ magganti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dukkha</span>nti cettha dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ adhippetanti taṃ kāmabhavādivasena tidhā bhinditvā tathā tappaṭicchādikañca avijjaṃ tidhā katvā avijjādipaccaye tīsu bhavesu saṅkhārādike paṭipāṭiyā dassento <span class="bld">‘‘kāmabhave ca avijjā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">kāmabhave ca avijjā</span>ti kāmabhave ādīnavapaṭicchādikā avijjā. <span class="bld">Rūpabhave avijjā arūpabhave avijjā</span>ti etthāpi eseva nayo. <span class="bld">Kāmabhave saṅkhārāna</span>nti kāmabhūmipariyāpannānaṃ puññāpuññasaṅkhārānaṃ, kāmabhave vā nipphādetabbā ye puññāpuññasaṅkhārā, tesaṃ kāmabhavūpapattinibbattakasaṅkhārānanti attho. <span class="bld">Saṅkhārā</span>ti cettha lokiyakusalākusalacetanā veditabbā. <span class="bld">Paccayo hotī</span>ti puññābhisaṅkhārānaṃ tāva ārammaṇapaccayena ceva upanissayapaccayena cāti dvidhā paccayo hoti, apuññābhisaṅkhāresu sahajātassa sahajātādivasena, asahajātassa anantarasamanantarādivasena, anānantarassa pana ārammaṇavasena ceva upanissayavasena ca paccayo hoti. <span class="bld">Arūpabhave saṅkhārāna</span>nti āneñjābhisaṅkhārānaṃ. <span class="bld">Paccayo hotī</span>ti upanissayapaccayavaseneva. Imasmiñca panatthe ettha vitthāriyamāne <a name="V1.0194"></a> atippapañco hoti, tasmā taṃ nayidha vitthārayissāma. <span class="bld">Itaresū</span>ti rūpārūpabhavesu.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tiṇṇaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0220"></a> <span class="bld">āyatanāna</span>nti cakkhusotamanāyatanānaṃ ghānādittayassa tattha asambhavato. <span class="bld">Ekassā</span>ti manāyatanassa itaresaṃ tattha asambhavato. Iminā nayena <span class="bld">tiṇṇaṃ phassāna</span>ntiādīsupi attho veditabbo. <span class="bld">Chabbidhassa phassassā</span>ti cakkhusamphassasotasamphassaghānasamphassajivhāsamphassakāyasamphassamanosamphassānaṃ vasena chabbidhassa phassassa. <span class="bld">Channaṃ vedanāna</span>nti cakkhusamphassajā vedanā, tathā sotasamphassajā ghānasamphassajā jivhāsamphassajā kāyasamphassajā manosamphassajā vedanāti imāsaṃ channaṃ vedanānaṃ. <span class="bld">Channaṃ taṇhākāyāna</span>nti rūpataṇhā saddataṇhā gandhataṇhā rasataṇhā phoṭṭhabbataṇhā dhammataṇhāti imesaṃ channaṃ taṇhākāyānaṃ. <span class="bld">Tattha tattha sā sā taṇhā</span>ti rūpataṇhādibhedā tattha tattha kāmabhavādīsu uppajjanakataṇhā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sā taṇhādimūlikā kathā atisaṃkhittāti taṃ upādānabhave ca vibhajitvā vitthāretvā dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘katha’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">kāme paribhuñjissāmī</span>ti iminā kāmataṇhāpavattimāha, tathā <span class="bld">saggasampattiṃ anubhavissāmī</span>tiādīhi. Sā pana taṇhā yasmā bhusamādānavasena pavattamānā kāmupādānaṃ nāma hoti, tasmā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kāmupādānapaccayā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Tathevā</span>ti kāmupādānapaccayā eva. <span class="bld">Brahmalokasampatti</span>nti rūpībrahmaloke sampattiṃ. ‘‘Sabbepi tebhūmakā dhammā kāmanīyaṭṭhena kāmā’’ti vacanato bhavarāgopi kāmupādānamevāti katvā <span class="bld">‘‘kāmupādānapaccayā eva mettaṃ bhāvetī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">mettaṃ bhāvetī</span>ti mijjati siniyhatīti mettā, taṃ bhāveti vaḍḍhetīti attho. Atha vā mettā etassa atthīti mettaṃ, cittaṃ, taṃsampayuttaṃ jhānaṃ vā, taṃ bhāveti vaḍḍheti uppādeti vāti attho. <span class="bld">Karuṇaṃ bhāvetī</span>tiādīsupi imināva nayena attho veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sesupādānamūlikāsupī</span>ti diṭṭhupādānasīlabbatupādānaattavādupādānamūlikāsupi yojanāsu eseva nayoti attho. Tatthāyaṃ yojanā – idhekacco ‘‘natthi paraloko’’ti natthikadiṭṭhiṃ gaṇhāti, so diṭṭhupādānapaccayā kāyena duccaritaṃ caratītiādi vuttanayena yojetabbaṃ. Aparo ‘‘asukasmiṃ sampattibhave attā ucchijjatī’’ti ucchedadiṭṭhiṃ gaṇhāti, so tatrūpapattiyā kāyena sucaritaṃ caratītiādi vuttanayeneva yojetabbaṃ. Aparo ‘‘rūpī manomayo hutvā attā <a name="M1.0221"></a> ucchijjatī’’ti rūpūpapattiyā maggaṃ bhāveti bhāvanāpāripūriyāti sabbaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Aparopi ‘‘arūpabhave uppajjitvā attā ucchijjatī’’ti arūpūpapattiyā <a name="V1.0195"></a> maggaṃ bhāveti bhāvanāpāripūriyāti sabbaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Etāhiyeva attavādupādānamūlikāpi yojanā saṃvaṇṇitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evaṃ diṭṭhadhammanibbānavādavasenapi yojanā veditabbā. Aparo ‘‘sīlena suddhi, vatena suddhī’’ti asuddhimaggaṃ ‘‘suddhimaggo’’ti parāmasanto sīlabbatupādānapaccayā kāyena duccaritaṃ caratītiādi sabbaṃ vuttanayeneva yojetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni yvāyaṃ saṃsāracakkaṃ dassentena ‘‘kāmabhave avijjā kāmabhave saṅkhārānaṃ paccayo hotī’’tiādinā avijjādīnaṃ paccayabhāvo saṅkhārādīnaṃ paccayuppannabhāvo ca dassito, tameva <span class="bld">paṭisambhidāmaggapāḷiṃ</span> ānetvā nigamanavasena dassento <span class="bld">‘‘evamaya’’</span>ntiādimāha. Tattha yathā saṅkhārā hetunibbattā, evaṃ avijjāpi kāmāsavādinā sahetukā evāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ubhopete hetusamuppannā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Paccayapariggahe</span>ti nāmarūpassa paccayānaṃ avijjādīnaṃ paricchijja gahaṇe. Nipphādetabbe bhummaṃ. <span class="bld">Paññā</span>ti kaṅkhāvitaraṇavisuddhisaṅkhātā pakārato jānanā. <span class="bld">Dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇa</span>nti tiṭṭhanti ettha phaladhammā tadāyattavuttitāyāti ṭhiti, kāraṇaṃ, dhammānaṃ ṭhiti dhammaṭṭhiti, dhammaṭṭhitiyā ñāṇaṃ dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇaṃ, paccayañāṇanti attho, paṭiccasamuppādāvabodhoti vuttaṃ hoti. Kāmañcettha paccayapariggahe paññāyeva dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇaṃ, saṅkhāresu pana adiṭṭhesu avijjāya saṅkhārānaṃ paccayabhāvo na sakkā daṭṭhunti <span class="bld">‘‘saṅkhārā hetusamuppannā’’</span>ti paccayuppannadhammānampi gahaṇaṃ katanti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Ubhopete hetusamuppannā</span>ti idaṃ pana ubhinnampi paccayuppannabhāvaṃ dassetukāmatāya vuttaṃ. Idañca dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇaṃ yasmā addhattaye kaṅkhāmalavitaraṇavasena pavattati, tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘atītampi addhāna’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Etena nayena sabbapadāni vitthāretabbānī</span>ti etena nayena ‘‘avijjā hetū’’tiādinā avijjāyaṃ vuttanayena ‘‘saṅkhārā hetu, viññāṇaṃ hetusamuppanna’’ntiādinā sabbapadāni vitthāretabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Saṃkhippanti ettha avijjādayo viññāṇādayo cāti <span class="bld">saṅkhepo,</span> hetu vipāko ca. Atha vā hetuvipākoti saṃkhippatīti saṅkhepo, avijjādayo viññāṇādayo ca. Saṅkhepabhāvasāmaññena pana ekavacanaṃ katanti daṭṭhabbaṃ<a name="M1.0222"></a>. Te pana saṅkhepā atīte hetu, etarahi vipāko, etarahi hetu, āyatiṃ vipākoti evaṃ kālavibhāgena cattāro jātā, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘purimasaṅkhepo cettha atīto addhā’’</span>tiādi. Paccuppanno addhāti sambandho. <span class="bld">Taṇhupādānabhavā gahitāva hontī</span>ti ettha avijjāgahaṇena kilesabhāvasāmaññato taṇhupādānā gahitā, saṅkhāraggahaṇena kammabhāvasāmaññato bhavo gahito, avijjāsaṅkhārānaṃ tehi vinā sakiccākaraṇato ca taṇhupādānabhavā gahitāva honti. Atha vā avidvā paritassati, paritasito <a name="V1.0196"></a> upādiyati, tassupādānapaccayā bhavo, tasmā taṇhupādānabhavāpi gahitā honti. Tathā ca vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Purimakammabhavasmiṃ moho avijjā, āyūhanā saṅkhārā. Nikanti taṇhā, upagamanaṃ upādānaṃ, cetanā bhavo, iti ime pañca dhammā purimakammabhavasmiṃ idha paṭisandhiyā paccayā’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.47).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha (vibha. aṭṭha. 242; paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 1.1.47) <span class="bld">purimakammabhavasmi</span>nti purime kammabhave, atītajātiyaṃ kammabhave kariyamāneti attho. <span class="bld">Moho avijjā</span>ti yo tadā dukkhādīsu moho yena mūḷho kammaṃ karoti, sā avijjā. <span class="bld">Āyūhanā saṅkhārā</span>ti taṃ kammaṃ karoto yā purimacetanāyo, yathā ‘‘dānaṃ dassāmī’’ti cittaṃ uppādetvā māsampi saṃvaccharampi dānūpakaraṇāni sajjentassa uppannā purimacetanāyo, paṭiggāhakānaṃ pana hatthe dakkhiṇaṃ patiṭṭhāpayato cetanā bhavoti vuccati. Ekāvajjanesu vā chasu javanesu cetanā āyūhanasaṅkhārā nāma, sattamā bhavo. Yā kāci vā pana cetanā bhavo, sampayuttā āyūhanasaṅkhārā nāma. <span class="bld">Nikanti taṇhā</span>ti yā kammaṃ karontassa tassa phale upapattibhave nikāmanā patthanā, sā taṇhā nāma. <span class="bld">Upagamanaṃ upādāna</span>nti yaṃ kammabhavassa paccayabhūtaṃ ‘‘idaṃ katvā asukasmiṃ nāma ṭhāne kāme sevissāmi ucchijjissāmī’’tiādinā nayena pavattaṃ upagamanaṃ gahaṇaṃ parāmasanaṃ, idaṃ upādānaṃ nāma. <span class="bld">Cetanā bhavo</span>ti ‘‘taṃ kammaṃ karoto yā purimā cetanāyo’’tiādinā heṭṭhā vuttesu tīsu atthavikappesu yā cetanā bhavoti vuttā, sā cetanā bhavoti evamattho veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="M1.0223"></a> sabbepete avijjādayo dhamme dvīhi vaṭṭehi saṅgahetvā dassetukāmo āha <span class="bld">‘‘ime pañca dhammā atīte kammavaṭṭa’’</span>nti. Ettha ca nippariyāyato saṅkhārā bhavo ca kammaṃ, avijjādayo pana kammasahāyatāya kammasarikkhakā tadupakārakā cāti kammanti vuttā. Avijjādayo hi vipākadhammadhammatāya kammasarikkhakā sahajātakoṭiyā upanissayakoṭiyā ca kammassa ca upakārakā. Kammameva ca aññamaññasambandhaṃ hutvā punappunaṃ parivattanaṭṭhena kammavaṭṭaṃ. <span class="bld">Viññāṇādayo pañcā</span>ti viññāṇādayo vedanāpariyantā pañca etarahi idāni imasmiṃ attabhāveti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Avijjāsaṅkhārā gahitāva hontī</span>ti etthāpi pubbe viya kilesakammabhāvasāmaññato taṇhupādānaggahaṇena avijjā gahitā, bhavaggahaṇena saṅkhārā gahitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Atha vā bhave gahite tassa pubbabhāgā taṃsampayuttā vā saṅkhārā gahitāva honti<a name="V1.0197"></a>, taṇhupādānaggahaṇena ca taṃsampayuttā yāya vā mūḷho kammaṃ karoti, sā avijjāva hotīti taṇhupādānabhavaggahaṇena avijjāsaṅkhārā gahitāva honti. Teneva vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Idha paripakkattā āyatanānaṃ moho avijjā, āyūhanā saṅkhārā, nikanti taṇhā, upagamanaṃ upādānaṃ, cetanā bhavo, iti ime pañca dhammā idha kammabhavasmiṃ āyatiṃ paṭisandhiyā paccayā’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.47).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">idha paripakkattā āyatanāna</span>nti paripakkāyatanassa kammakaraṇakāle sammoho dassito. Sesaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Viññāṇanāmarūpasaḷāyatanaphassavedanānaṃ jātijarābhaṅgāvatthā jātijarāmaraṇanti vuttāti avatthānaṃ gahaṇena avatthāvantā gahitāva honti tadavinābhāvatoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘jātijarāmaraṇāpadesena viññāṇādīnaṃ niddiṭṭhattā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Apadesenā</span>ti jātijarāmaraṇānaṃ kathanena. <span class="bld">Ime</span>ti viññāṇādayo. <span class="bld">Āyatiṃ vipākavaṭṭa</span>nti paccuppannahetuto bhāvīnaṃ anāgatānaṃ gahitattā. <span class="bld">Te</span>ti avijjādayo. <span class="bld">Ākārato</span>ti sarūpato avuttāpi tasmiṃ tasmiṃ saṅgahe ākirīyanti avijjāsaṅkhārādiggahaṇehi pakāsīyantīti ākārā, atītahetuādīnaṃ vā pakārā ākārā<a name="M1.0224"></a>. Tato ākārato. <span class="bld">Vīsatividhā hontī</span>ti atīte hetupañcakādibhedato vīsatividhā honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Saṅkhāraviññāṇānañcettha antarā eko sandhī</span>ti hetuto phalassa avicchedappavattibhāvato hetuphalassa sambandhabhūto eko sandhi, tathā bhavajātīnamantarā. Vedanātaṇhānamantarā pana phalato hetuno avicchedappavattibhāvato phalahetusambandhabhūto eko sandhi. Phalabhūtopi hi dhammo aññassa hetusabhāvassa dhammassa paccayo hotīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Itī</span>ti vuttappakāraparāmasanaṃ. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘catusaṅkhepa’’</span>ntiādi. <span class="bld">Sabbākārato</span>ti idha vuttehi ca avuttehi ca paṭiccasamuppādavibhaṅge anantanayasamantapaṭṭhānādīsu ca āgatehi sabbehi ākārehi. <span class="bld">Jānātī</span>ti avabujjhati. <span class="bld">Passatī</span>ti dassanabhūtena ñāṇacakkhunā paccakkhato passati. <span class="bld">Aññāti paṭivijjhatī</span>ti tesaṃyeva vevacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Ta</span>nti taṃ jānanaṃ. <span class="bld">Ñātaṭṭhenā</span>ti yathāsabhāvato jānanaṭṭhena. <span class="bld">Pajānanaṭṭhenā</span>ti aniccādīhi pakārehi paṭivijjhanaṭṭhena.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="V1.0198"></a> yadatthamidaṃ bhavacakkaṃ idhānītaṃ, taṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘iminā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">te dhamme</span>ti te avijjādike dhamme. <span class="bld">Yathābhūtaṃ ñatvā</span>ti mahāvajirañāṇena yāthāvato jānitvā. <span class="bld">Nibbindanto</span>ti balavavipassanāya nibbindanto. <span class="bld">Virajjanto vimuccanto</span>ti ariyamaggehi virajjanto vimuccanto. Are hanīti sambandho. Tattha yadā bhagavā virajjati vimuccati, tadā are hanati nāma. Tato paraṃ pana abhisambuddhakkhaṇaṃ gahetvā vuttaṃ ‘‘hani vihani viddhaṃsesī’’ti. <span class="bld">Evampi arānaṃ hatattā araha</span>nti evaṃ imināpi pakārena yathāvuttasaṃsāracakkassa saṅkhārādiarānaṃ hatattā arahaṃ. Etthedaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Arā saṃsāracakkassa, hatā ñāṇāsinā yato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Lokanāthena tenesa, <span class="bld">araha</span>nti pavuccatī’’ti. (visuddhi. 1.128);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aggadakkhiṇeyyattā</span>ti uttamadakkhiṇeyyabhāvato. Cakkavattino acetane cakkaratane uppanne tattheva loko pūjaṃ karoti, aññattha pūjāvisesā pacchijjanti, kimaṅgaṃ pana sammāsambuddhe uppanneti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘uppanne</span> <a name="M1.0225"></a> <span class="bld">tathāgate’’</span>tiādimāha. ‘‘Ekekaṃ dhammakkhandhaṃ ekekavihārena pūjessāmī’’ti vuttepi satthāraṃyeva uddissa katattā <span class="bld">‘‘bhagavantaṃ uddissā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ko pana vādo aññesaṃ pūjāvisesāna</span>nti yathāvuttato aññesaṃ amahesakkhehi devamanussehi kariyamānānaṃ nātiuḷārānaṃ pūjāvisesānaṃ arahabhāve kā nāma kathā. <span class="bld">Paccayādīnaṃ arahattāpi araha</span>nti yathāvuttacīvarādipaccayānaṃ pūjāvisesassa ca aggadakkhiṇeyyabhāvena anucchavikattāpi arahaṃ. Imassapi atthassa sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ idaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pūjāvisesaṃ saha paccayehi,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Yasmā ayaṃ arahati lokanātho;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Atthānurūpaṃ <span class="bld">araha</span>nti loke,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā jino arahati nāmameta’’nti. (visuddhi. 1.129);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Asilokabhayenā</span>ti akittibhayena, ayasabhayena garahābhayenāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Raho pāpaṃ karontī</span>ti ‘‘mā naṃ koci jaññā’’ti rahasi pāpaṃ karonti. <span class="bld">Evamesa na kadāci karotī</span>ti esa bhagavā pāpahetūnaṃ bodhimaṇḍeyeva suppahīnattā kadācipi evaṃ na karoti. Hoti cettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yasmā <a name="V1.0199"></a> natthi raho nāma, pāpakammesu tādino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Rahābhāvena tenesa, <span class="bld">arahaṃ</span> iti vissuto’’ti. (visuddhi. 1.130);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ yathāvuttamatthaṃ sabbampi saṅgahetvā dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘hoti cetthā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Kilesārīna so munī</span>ti ettha gāthābandhasukhatthaṃ niggahītalopo daṭṭhabbo, kilesārīnaṃ hatattāti attho. <span class="bld">Paccayādīna cāraho</span>ti etthāpi niggahītalopo vuttanayeneva daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Araha</span>nti ettha ayamaparopi nayo daṭṭhabbo – ārakāti <span class="bld">arahaṃ,</span> suvidūrabhāvato icceva attho. Kuto pana suvidūrabhāvatoti? Ye abhāvitakāyā abhāvitasīlā abhāvitacittā abhāvitapaññā, tato eva appahīnarāgadosamohā ariyadhammassa akovidā ariyadhamme avinītā ariyadhammassa adassāvino appaṭipannā micchāpaṭipannā ca, tato suvidūrabhāvato. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Saṅghāṭikaṇṇe <a name="M1.0226"></a> cepi me, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gahetvā piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandho assa pāde pādaṃ nikkhipanto, so ca hoti abhijjhālu kāmesu tibbasārāgo byāpannacitto paduṭṭhamanasaṅkappo muṭṭhassati asampajāno asamāhito vibbhantacitto pākatindriyo, atha kho so ārakāva mayhaṃ, ahañca tassa. Taṃ kissa hetu? Dhammañhi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na passati, dhammaṃ apassanto na maṃ passatī’’ti (itivu. 92).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathāvuttapuggalā hi sacepi sāyaṃpātaṃ satthu santikāvacarāva siyuṃ, na te tāvatā ‘‘satthu santikā’’ti vattabbā, tathā satthāpi nesaṃ. Iti asappurisānaṃ ārakā dūreti arahaṃ. Tenedaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sammā na paṭipajjanti, ye nihīnāsayā narā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ārakā tehi bhagavā, dūre tenārahaṃ mato’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā ārakāti <span class="bld">arahaṃ,</span> āsannabhāvatoti attho. Kuto pana āsannabhāvatoti? Ye bhāvitakāyā bhāvitasīlā bhāvitacittā bhāvitapaññā, tato eva pahīnarāgadosamohā ariyadhammassa kovidā <a name="V1.0200"></a> ariyadhamme suvinītā ariyadhammassa dassāvino sammāpaṭipannā, tato āsannabhāvato. Vuttampi cetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yojanasate cepi me, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vihareyya, so ca hoti anabhijjhālu kāmesu na tibbasārāgo abyāpannacitto apaduṭṭhamanasaṅkappo upaṭṭhitassati sampajāno samāhito ekaggacitto saṃvutindriyo, atha kho so santikeva mayhaṃ, ahañca tassa. Taṃ kissa hetu? Dhammañhi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu passati, dhammaṃ passanto maṃ passatī’’ti (itivu. 92).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathārūpā hi puggalā satthu yojanasatantarikāpi honti, na tāvatā te ‘‘satthu dūracārino’’ti vattabbā, tathā satthāpi nesaṃ. Iti sappurisānaṃ ārakā āsanneti arahaṃ. Tenedaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ye sammā paṭipajjanti, suppaṇītādhimuttikā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ārakā tehi āsanne, tenāpi <span class="bld">arahaṃ</span> jino’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ye <a name="M1.0227"></a> ime rāgādayo pāpadhammā yasmiṃ santāne uppajjanti, tassa diṭṭhadhammikampi samparāyikampi anatthaṃ āvahanti, nibbānagāminiyā paṭipadāya ekaṃseneva ujuvipaccanīkabhūtā ca, te attahitaṃ parahitañca paripūretuṃ sammā paṭipajjantehi sādhūhi dūrato rahitabbā pariccajitabbā pahātabbāti rahā nāma, te ca yasmā bhagavato bodhimūleyeva ariyamaggena sabbaso pahīnā susamucchinnā. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Tathāgatassa kho, brāhmaṇa, rāgo pahīno doso moho, sabbepi pāpakā akusalā dhammā pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā’’ti (pārā. 9).</p>
<p class="unindented">Tasmā sabbaso na santi etassa rahāti arahoti vattabbe okārassa sānusāraṃ akārādesaṃ katvā <span class="bld">‘‘araha’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Tenedaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pāpadhammā <a name="V1.0201"></a> rahā nāma, sādhūhi rahitabbato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tesaṃ suṭṭhu pahīnattā, bhagavā <span class="bld">arahaṃ</span> mato’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ye te sabbaso pariññātakkhandhā pahīnakilesā bhāvitamaggā sacchikatanirodhā arahanto khīṇāsavā, ye ca sekhā appattamānasā anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ patthayamānā viharanti, ye ca parisuddhappayogā kalyāṇajjhāsayā saddhāsīlasutādiguṇasampannā puggalā, tehi na rahitabbo na pariccajitabbo, te ca bhagavatāti <span class="bld">arahaṃ</span>. Tathā hi ariyapuggalā satthārā diṭṭhadhammassa paccakkhakaraṇato satthu dhammasarīrena avirahitāva honti. Yathāha āyasmā piṅgiyo –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Passāmi naṃ manasā cakkhunāva,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Rattindivaṃ brāhmaṇa appamatto;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Namassamāno vivasemi rattiṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Teneva maññāmi avippavāsaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Saddhā <a name="M1.0228"></a> ca pīti ca mano sati ca,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Nāpentime gotamasāsanamhā;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Yaṃ yaṃ disaṃ vajati bhūripañño,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sa tena teneva natohamasmī’’ti. (su. ni. 1148-1149);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Teneva ca te aññaṃ satthāraṃ na uddisanti. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Aṭṭhānametaṃ, bhikkhave, anavakāso, yaṃ diṭṭhisampanno puggalo aññaṃ satthāraṃ uddiseyya, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.128; a. ni. 1.276).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kalyāṇaputhujjanāpi yebhuyyena satthari niccalasaddhā eva honti. Iti suppaṭipannehi purisavisesehi avirahitabbato tesañca avirahanato na santi etassa rahā pariccajanakā, natthi vā etassa rahā sādhūhi pariccajitabbatāti <span class="bld">arahaṃ</span>. Tenedaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ye sacchikatasaddhammā, ariyā suddhagocarā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na tehi rahito hoti, nātho tenā<span class="bld">rahaṃ</span> mato’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Raho</span>ti <a name="V1.0202"></a> ca gamanaṃ vuccati, bhagavato ca nānāgatīsu paribbhamanasaṅkhātaṃ saṃsāre gamanaṃ natthi kammakkhayakarena ariyamaggena bodhimūleyeva sabbaso sasambhārassa kammavaṭṭassa viddhaṃsitattā. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yena devūpapatyassa, gandhabbo vā vihaṅgamo;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Yakkhattaṃ yena gaccheyyaṃ, manussattañca abbaje;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Te mayhaṃ āsavā khīṇā, viddhastā vinaḷīkatā’’ti. (a. ni. 4.36);</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ natthi etassa raho gamanaṃ gatīsu paccājātītipi <span class="bld">arahaṃ</span>. Tenedaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Raho vā gamanaṃ yassa, saṃsāre natthi sabbaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pahīnajātimaraṇo, <span class="bld">arahaṃ</span> sugato mato’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pāsaṃsattā vā bhagavā <span class="bld">arahaṃ</span>. Akkharacintakā hi pasaṃsāyaṃ arahasaddaṃ vaṇṇenti. Pāsaṃsabhāvo ca bhagavato anaññasādhāraṇato yathābhuccaguṇādhigato sadevake loke suppatiṭṭhito. Tathā hesa anuttarena sīlena anuttarena samādhinā anuttarāya paññāya anuttarāya <a name="M1.0229"></a> vimuttiyā asamo asamasamo appaṭimo appaṭibhāgo appaṭipuggaloti evaṃ tasmiṃ tasmiṃ guṇe vibhajitvā vuccamāne paṇḍitapurisehi devehi brahmehi bhagavatā vā pana pariyosāpetuṃ asakkuṇeyyarūpo. Iti pāsaṃsattāpi bhagavā arahaṃ. Tenedaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Guṇehi sadiso natthi, yasmā loke sadevake;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā pāsaṃsiyattāpi, <span class="bld">arahaṃ</span> dvipaduttamo’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbasaṅgahavasena pana –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ārakā mandabuddhīnaṃ, ārakā ca vijānataṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Rahānaṃ suppahīnattā, vidūnamaraheyyato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhavesu ca rahābhāvā, pāsaṃsā arahaṃ jinoti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Ettāvatā <a name="V1.0203"></a> ca ‘‘araha’’nti padassa sabbaso attho vibhatto hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">sammāsambuddho</span>ti imassa atthaṃ vibhajitvā dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘sammā sāmañcā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">sammā</span>ti aviparītaṃ. <span class="bld">Sāma</span>nti sayameva, aparaneyyo hutvāti attho. <span class="bld">Sambuddho</span>ti hi ettha <span class="bld">saṃ</span>-saddo sayanti etassa atthassa bodhakoti daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Sabbadhammāna</span>nti anavasesānaṃ neyyadhammānaṃ. Kathaṃ panettha sabbadhammānanti ayaṃ viseso labbhatīti? Ekadesassa aggahaṇato. Padesaggahaṇe hi asati gahetabbassa nippadesatāva viññāyati yathā ‘‘dikkhito na dadātī’’ti. Evañca katvā atthavisesanapekkhā kattari eva buddhasaddasiddhi veditabbā kammavacanicchāya abhāvato. ‘‘Sammā sāmañca buddhattā sammāsambuddho’’ti ettakameva hi idha saddato labbhati, ‘‘sabbadhammāna’’nti idaṃ pana atthato labbhamānaṃ gahetvā vuttaṃ. Na hi bujjhanakiriyā avisayā yujjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni tassā visayaṃ ‘‘sabbadhamme’’ti sāmaññato vuttaṃ vibhajitvā dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘abhiññeyye dhamme’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">abhiññeyye</span>ti aniccādito lakkhaṇarasādito ca abhivisiṭṭhena ñāṇena jānitabbe catusaccadhamme. <span class="bld">Abhiññeyyato buddho</span>ti abhiññeyyabhāvato bujjhi, pubbabhāge vipassanāpaññādīhi adhigamakkhaṇe maggapaññāya aparabhāge sabbaññutaññāṇādīhi aññāsīti attho. Ito paresupi eseva nayo<a name="M1.0230"></a>. <span class="bld">Pariññeyye dhamme</span>ti aniccādivasena parijānitabbaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccamāha. <span class="bld">Pahātabbe</span>ti samudayapakkhiye. <span class="bld">Sacchikātabbe</span>ti nibbānaṃ sandhāyāha. Bahuvacananiddeso panettha sopādisesādikaṃ pariyāyasiddhaṃ bhedamapekkhitvā kato, uddeso vā ayaṃ catusaccadhammānampi. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘cakkhu dukkhasacca’’ntiādi. Uddeso ca avinicchitatthaparicchedassa dhammassa vasena karīyati. Uddesena hi uddisiyamānānaṃ atthitāmattaṃ vuccati, na paricchedoti aparicchedena bahuvacanena vuttaṃ yathā ‘‘appaccayā dhammā, asaṅkhatā dhammā’’ti. <span class="bld">Sacchikātabbe</span>ti vā phalavimuttīnampi gahaṇaṃ, na nibbānassevāti bahuvacananiddeso kato. Evañca <span class="bld">bhāvetabbe</span>ti ettha jhānānampi gahaṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Teneva cāhā</span>ti selabrāhmaṇassa attano buddhabhāvaṃ sādhento evamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiṃ pana bhagavā sayameva attano sammāsambuddhabhāvaṃ sādhetīti? Sādheti mahākaruṇāya aññesaṃ avisayato. Tattha ‘‘ekomhi sammāsambuddho, sabbābhibhū sabbavidūhamasmī’’tiādīni (ma. ni. 2.341; mahāva. 11) suttapadāni, idameva ca ‘‘abhiññeyya’’ntiādi suttapadaṃ etassa atthassa sādhakaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">abhiññeyya</span>nti iminā dukkhasaccamāha, <span class="bld">bhāvetabba</span>nti maggasaccaṃ. <a name="V1.0204"></a> <span class="bld">Ca</span>-saddo panettha avuttasamuccayattho, tena sacchikātabbassa gahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ. Atha vā <span class="bld">abhiññeyya</span>nti imināva pārisesañāyena pariññeyyadhamme sacchikātabbadhamme ca dasseti. <span class="bld">Tasmā buddhosmī</span>ti yasmā cattāri saccāni mayā buddhāni, saccavinimuttañca kiñci ñeyyaṃ natthi, tasmā sabbampi ñeyyaṃ buddhosmi, abbhaññāsinti attho. <span class="bld">Selasuttaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> pana idaṃ vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Abhiññeyyanti vijjā ca vimutti ca. Bhāvetabbaṃ maggasaccaṃ. Pahātabbaṃ samudayasaccaṃ. Hetuvacanena pana phalasiddhito tesaṃ phalāni nirodhasaccadukkhasaccānipi vuttāneva honti. Evaṃ sacchikātabbaṃ sacchikataṃ, pariññātabbaṃ pariññātanti idampettha saṅgahitamevāti catusaccabhāvanaṃ catusaccabhāvanāphalañca vimuttiṃ dassento ‘bujjhitabbaṃ bujjhitvā buddho jātosmī’ti yuttahetunā buddhabhāvaṃ sādhetī’’ti (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.399).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M1.0231"></a> <span class="bld">vijjā</span>ti maggavijjā vuttā ukkaṭṭhaniddesena. <span class="bld">Vimuttī</span>ti phalavimutti. Kāmañcettha maggavijjāpi bhāvetabbabhāvena gahitā, sabbepi pana sabhāvadhammā abhiññeyyāti vijjāya abhiññeyyabhāvo vutto. Imināva nayena sabbesampi abhiññeyyabhāvo vutto evāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Phalena vinā hetubhāvasseva abhāvato hetuvacanena phalasiddhi vuttāti veditabbaṃ. Nirodhassa hi sampāpanena maggassa hetubhāvo, dukkhassa nibbattanena taṇhāya samudayabhāvoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ saccavasena sāmaññato vuttamatthaṃ dvārārammaṇehi saddhiṃ dvārappavattadhammehi ceva khandhādīhi ca saccavaseneva vibhajitvā dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘apicā’’</span>tiādi āraddhaṃ. <span class="bld">Mūlakāraṇabhāvenā</span>ti santesupi avijjādīsu aññesu kāraṇesu tesampi mūlabhūtakāraṇabhāvena. Taṇhā hi kammassa vicittabhāvahetuto sahāyabhāvūpagamanato ca dukkhavicittatāya padhānakāraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Samuṭṭhāpikā</span>ti uppādikā. <span class="bld">Purimataṇhā</span>ti purimabhavasiddhā taṇhā. <span class="bld">Ubhinna</span>nti cakkhussa taṃsamudayassa ca. <span class="bld">Appavattī</span>ti appavattinimittaṃ. <span class="bld">Nirodhappajānanā</span>ti sacchikiriyābhisamayavasena nirodhassa paṭivijjhanā. <span class="bld">Ekekapaduddhārenā</span>ti ‘‘cakkhuṃ cakkhusamudayo cakkhunirodho’’tiādinā ekekakoṭṭhāsaniddhāraṇena. Taṇhāyapi pariññeyyabhāvasabbhāvato upādānakkhandhogadhattā saṅkhāradukkhabhāvato ca dukkhasaccasaṅgahaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘rūpataṇhādayo cha taṇhākāyā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, tasmā vattamānabhave taṇhā khandhapariyāpannattā saṅkhāradukkhabhāvato ca dukkhasaccaṃ. Yasmiṃ pana attabhāve <a name="V1.0205"></a> sā uppajjati, tassa attabhāvassa mūlakāraṇabhāvena samuṭṭhāpikā purimabhavasiddhā taṇhā samudayasaccanti gahetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kasiṇānī</span>ti kasiṇārammaṇikajjhānāni. <span class="bld">Dvattiṃsākārā</span>ti dvattiṃsa koṭṭhāsā tadārammaṇajjhānāni ca. <span class="bld">Nava bhavā</span>ti kāmabhavo rūpabhavo arūpabhavo saññībhavo asaññībhavo nevasaññīnāsaññībhavo ekavokārabhavo catuvokārabhavo pañcavokārabhavoti nava bhavā. Tattha bhavatīti bhavo, kāmarāgasaṅkhātena kāmena yutto bhavo, kāmasaṅkhāto vā bhavo <span class="bld">kāmabhavo,</span> ekādasa kāmāvacarabhūmiyo. Kāme pahāya rūparāgasaṅkhātena rūpena yutto bhavo, rūpasaṅkhāto vā bhavo <span class="bld">rūpabhavo,</span> soḷasa <a name="M1.0232"></a> rūpāvacarabhūmiyo. Kāmañca rūpañca pahāya arūparāgasaṅkhātena arūpena yutto bhavo, arūpasaṅkhāto vā bhavo <span class="bld">arūpabhavo,</span> catasso āruppabhūmiyo. Saññāvataṃ bhavo <span class="bld">saññībhavo,</span> saññā vā ettha bhave atthīti saññībhavo, so kāmabhavo ca asaññībhavamutto rūpabhavo ca nevasaññīnāsaññībhavamutto arūpabhavo ca hoti. Na saññībhavo <span class="bld">asaññībhavo,</span> so rūpabhavekadeso. Oḷārikattābhāvato nevasaññā, sukhumattassa sabbhāvato nāsaññāti nevasaññānāsaññā, tāya yutto bhavo <span class="bld">nevasaññānāsaññābhavo</span>. Atha vā oḷārikāya saññāya abhāvā sukhumāya ca bhāvā nevasaññā nāsaññā asmiṃ bhaveti nevasaññānāsaññābhavo, so arūpabhavekadeso. Ekena rūpakkhandhena vokiṇṇo bhavo, ekena vā vokāro assa bhavassāti <span class="bld">ekavokārabhavo,</span> so asaññībhavo. Catūhi arūpakkhandhehi vokiṇṇo bhavo, catūhi vā vokāro assa bhavassāti <span class="bld">catuvokārabhavo,</span> so arūpabhavo eva. Pañcahi khandhehi vokiṇṇo bhavo, pañcahi vā vokāro assa bhavassāti <span class="bld">pañcavokārabhavo,</span> so kāmabhavo ca rūpabhavekadeso ca hoti. <span class="bld">Vokāro</span>ti vā khandhānametamadhivacanaṃ, tasmā eko vokāro assa bhavassāti ekavokārabhavoti evamādināpettha attho veditabbo. <span class="bld">Cattāri jhānānī</span>ti aggahitārammaṇavisesāni cattāri rūpāvacarajjhānāni. Vipākajjhānānaṃ vā etaṃ gahaṇaṃ. Ettha ca kusaladhammānaṃ upanissayabhūtā taṇhāsamuṭṭhāpikā purimataṇhāti veditabbā. Kiriyadhammānaṃ pana yattha te kiriyadhammā uppajjanti, tassa attabhāvassa kāraṇabhūtā taṇhā. <span class="bld">Anulomato</span>ti ettha ‘‘saṅkhārā dukkhasaccaṃ, avijjā samudayasacca’’nti iminā anukkamena yojetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anubuddho</span>ti bujjhitabbadhammassa anurūpato buddho. <span class="bld">Tenā</span>ti yasmā sāmaññato visesato ca ekekapaduddhārena sabbadhamme buddho, tasmā vuttaṃ. Kiṃ vuttanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sammā sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā’’</span>ti, sabbassapi ñeyyassa sabbākārato aviparītaṃ sayameva abhisambuddhattāti <a name="V1.0206"></a> attho. Imināssa paropadesarahitassa sabbākārena sabbadhammāvabodhanasamatthassa <a name="M1.0233"></a> ākaṅkhappaṭibaddhavuttino anāvaraṇañāṇasaṅkhātassa sabbaññutaññāṇassa adhigamo dassito.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca sabbaññutaññāṇato aññaṃ anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ, aññathā ‘‘cha asādhāraṇañāṇāni buddhañāṇānī’’ti vacanaṃ virujjheyyāti? Na virujjhati visayappavattibhedavasena aññehi asādhāraṇabhāvadassanatthaṃ ekasseva ñāṇassa dvidhā vuttattā. Ekameva hi taṃ ñāṇaṃ anavasesasaṅkhatāsaṅkhatasammutidhammavisayatāya sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ, tattha ca āvaraṇābhāvato nissaṅgacāramupādāya anāvaraṇañāṇanti vuttaṃ. Yathāha <span class="bld">paṭisambhidāyaṃ</span> (paṭi. ma. 1.119) ‘‘sabbaṃ saṅkhatamasaṅkhataṃ anavasesaṃ jānātīti sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ, tattha āvaraṇaṃ natthīti anāvaraṇañāṇa’’ntiādi. Tasmā natthi nesaṃ atthato bhedo, ekantena cetaṃ evamicchitabbaṃ. Aññathā sabbaññutānāvaraṇañāṇānaṃ sādhāraṇatā asabbadhammārammaṇatā ca āpajjeyya. Na hi bhagavato ñāṇassa aṇumattampi āvaraṇaṃ atthi, anāvaraṇañāṇassa asabbadhammārammaṇabhāve yattha taṃ na pavattati, tatthāvaraṇasabbhāvato anāvaraṇabhāvoyeva na siyā. Atha vā pana hotu aññameva anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇato, idha pana sabbattha appaṭihatavuttitāya anāvaraṇañāṇanti sabbaññutaññāṇameva adhippetaṃ, tassa cādhigamanena bhagavā sabbaññū sabbavidū sammāsambuddhoti ca vuccati na sakiṃyeva sabbadhammāvabodhanato. Tathā ca vuttaṃ <span class="bld">paṭisambhidāyaṃ</span> (paṭi. ma. 1.162) ‘‘vimokkhantikametaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ bodhiyā mūle saha sabbaññutaññāṇassa paṭilābhā sacchikā paññatti yadidaṃ buddho’’ti. Sabbadhammāvabodhanasamatthañāṇasamadhigamena hi bhagavato santāne anavasesadhamme paṭivijjhituṃ samatthatā ahosīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāha – kiṃ panidaṃ ñāṇaṃ pavattamānaṃ sakiṃyeva sabbasmiṃ visaye pavattati, udāhu kamenāti. Kiñcettha – yadi tāva sakiṃyeva sabbasmiṃ visaye pavattati, atītānāgatapaccuppannaajjhattabahiddhādibhedabhinnānaṃ saṅkhatadhammānaṃ asaṅkhatasammutidhammānañca ekajjhaṃ upaṭṭhāne dūrato cittapaṭaṃ pekkhantassa viya paṭivibhāgenāvabodho na siyā, tathā sati ‘‘sabbe dhammā <a name="M1.0234"></a> anattā’’ti vipassantānaṃ anattākārena viya sabbadhammā anirūpitarūpena bhagavato ñāṇassa visayā hontīti āpajjati. Yepi ‘‘sabbañeyyadhammānaṃ ṭhitalakkhaṇavisayaṃ vikapparahitaṃ sabbakālaṃ buddhānaṃ ñāṇaṃ pavattati, tena te sabbavidūti vuccanti, evañca katvā ‘caraṃ samāhito nāgo, tiṭṭhantopi samāhito’ti idampi vacanaṃ suvuttaṃ hotī’’ti vadanti, tesampi vuttadosā nātivatti, ṭhitalakkhaṇārammaṇatāya ca atītānāgatasammutidhammānaṃ tadabhāvato ekadesavisayameva bhagavato ñāṇaṃ siyā, tasmā sakiṃyeva ñāṇaṃ pavattatīti na yujjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha <a name="V1.0207"></a> kamena sabbasmiṃ visaye ñāṇaṃ pavattatīti. Evampi na yujjati. Na hi jātibhūmisabhāvādivasena disādesakālādivasena ca anekabhedabhinne ñeyye kamena gayhamāne tassa anavasesappaṭivedho sambhavati apariyantabhāvato ñeyyassa. Ye pana ‘‘atthassa avisaṃvādanato ñeyyassa ekadesaṃ paccakkhaṃ katvā sesepi evanti adhimuccitvā vavatthāpanena sabbaññū bhagavā, tañca ñāṇaṃ na anumānañāṇaṃ saṃsayābhāvato. Saṃsayānubaddhañhi loke anumānañāṇa’’nti vadanti, tesampi taṃ na yuttaṃ. Sabbassa hi appaccakkhabhāve atthāvisaṃvādanena ñeyyassa ekadesaṃ paccakkhaṃ katvā sesepi evanti adhimuccitvā vavatthāpanassa asambhavato. Yañhi taṃ sesaṃ, taṃ appaccakkhanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha tampi paccakkhaṃ tassa sesabhāvo eva na siyāti? Sabbametaṃ akāraṇaṃ. Kasmā? Avisayavicāraṇabhāvato. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – ‘‘buddhavisayo, bhikkhave, acinteyyo na cintetabbo, yo cinteyya, ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assā’’ti (a. ni. 4.77). Idaṃ panettha sanniṭṭhānaṃ – yaṃ kiñci bhagavatā ñātuṃ icchitaṃ sakalaṃ ekadeso vā, tattha tattha appaṭihatavuttitāya paccakkhato ñāṇaṃ pavattati niccasamādhānañca vikkhepābhāvato. Ñātuṃ icchitassa ca sakalassa avisayabhāve tassa ākaṅkhappaṭibaddhavuttitā na siyā, ekantenevassā icchitabbā ‘‘sabbe dhammā buddhassa bhagavato āvajjanappaṭibaddhā ākaṅkhappaṭibaddhā manasikārappaṭibaddhā cittuppādappaṭibaddhā’’ti (mahāni. 69; paṭi. ma. 3.5) vacanato. Atītānāgatavisayampi bhagavato ñāṇaṃ anumānāgamatakkagahaṇavirahitattā paccakkhameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu <a name="M1.0235"></a> ca etasmimpi pakkhe yadā sakalaṃ ñātuṃ icchitaṃ, tadā sakiṃyeva sakalavisayatāya anirūpitarūpena bhagavato ñāṇaṃ pavatteyyāti vuttadosā nātivattiyevāti? Na, tassa visodhitattā. Visodhito hi so buddhavisayo acinteyyoti. Aññathā pacurajanañāṇasamānavuttitāya buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ ñāṇassa acinteyyatā na siyā, tasmā sakaladhammārammaṇampi taṃ ekadhammārammaṇaṃ viya suvavatthāpiteyeva te dhamme katvā pavattatīti idamettha acinteyyaṃ, ‘‘yāvatakaṃ ñeyyaṃ, tāvatakaṃ ñāṇaṃ. Yāvatakaṃ ñāṇaṃ, tāvatakaṃ ñeyyaṃ. Ñeyyapariyantikaṃ ñāṇaṃ, ñāṇapariyantikaṃ ñeyya’’nti (paṭi. ma. 3.5) evamekajjhaṃ visuṃ sakiṃ kamena vā icchānurūpaṃ sammā sāmaṃ sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā sammāsambuddho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vijjāhī</span>ti ettha vindiyaṃ vindatīti vijjā, yāthāvato upalabbhatīti attho. Attano vā <a name="V1.0208"></a> paṭipakkhassa vijjhanaṭṭhena vijjā, tamokkhandhādikassa padālanaṭṭhenāti attho. Tato eva attano visayassa viditakaraṇaṭṭhenapi vijjā. <span class="bld">Sampannattā</span>ti samannāgatattā paripuṇṇattā vā, avikalattāti attho. <span class="bld">Tatrā</span>ti ambaṭṭhasutte. <span class="bld">Manomayiddhiyā</span>ti ettha ‘‘idha bhikkhu imamhā kāyā aññaṃ kāyaṃ abhinimmināti rūpiṃ manomayaṃ sabbaṅgapaccaṅgaṃ ahīnindriya’’nti (dī. ni. 1.236) iminā nayena āgatā iddhi sarīrabbhantare aññasseva jhānamanena nibbattattā manomayassa sarīrassa nibbattivasena pavattā manomayiddhi nāma. <span class="bld">Cha abhiññā</span>ti āsavakkhayañāṇena saddhiṃ iddhividhādikā pañcābhiññāyo. Tissannaṃ aṭṭhannañca vijjānaṃ tattha tattha sutte gahaṇaṃ veneyyajjhāsayavasenāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Satta saddhammā</span> nāma saddhā hirī ottappaṃ bāhusaccaṃ vīriyaṃ sati paññā ca. Ye sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘idha bhikkhu saddho hoti, hirimā, ottappī, bahussuto, āraddhavīriyo, upaṭṭhitassati, paññavā hotī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.330). <span class="bld">Cattāri jhānānī</span>ti yāni kānici cattāri rūpāvacarajjhānāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmā panettha sīlādayoyeva pannarasa ‘‘caraṇa’’nti vuttāti codanaṃ sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘imeyeva hī’’</span>tiādi. Tena tesaṃ sikkhattayasaṅgahato nibbānupagamane ekaṃsato sādhanabhāvamāha. Idāni tadatthasādhanāya āgamaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘yathāhā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Bhagavā</span>tiādi <a name="M1.0236"></a> vuttassevatthassa nigamanavasena vuttaṃ. Nanu cāyaṃ vijjācaraṇasampadā sāvakesupi labbhatīti? Kiñcāpi labbhati, na pana tathā, yathā bhagavatoti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tattha vijjāsampadā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Āsavakkhayavijjāya sabbaññubhāvasiddhito āha <span class="bld">‘‘vijjāsampadā bhagavato sabbaññutaṃ pūretvā ṭhitā’’</span>ti. Catūsu jhānesu antogadhabhāvena caraṇadhammapariyāpannattā karuṇābrahmavihārassa yathārahaṃ tassa ca mahākaruṇāsamāpattivasena asādhāraṇasabhāvassa bhagavati upalabbhanato āha <span class="bld">‘‘caraṇasampadā mahākāruṇikataṃ pūretvā ṭhitā’’</span>ti. Yathā sattānaṃ anatthaṃ parivajjetvā atthe niyojanaṃ paññāya vinā na hoti, evaṃ nesaṃ atthānatthajānanaṃ satthu karuṇāya vinā na hotīti ubhayampi ubhayattha sakiccakameva siyā. Yattha pana yassā padhānabhāvo, taṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘so sabbaññutāyā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Yathā taṃ vijjācaraṇasampanno</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">ta</span>nti nipātamattaṃ, yathā aññopi vijjācaraṇasampanno niyojeti, tathā ayanti attho. Tena vijjācaraṇasampannassevāyaṃ āveṇikā paṭipattīti dasseti. Sā panāyaṃ satthu vijjācaraṇasampadā sāsanassa niyyānikatāya sāvakānaṃ sammāpaṭipattiyā ekantakāraṇanti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tenassā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">attantapādayo</span>ti <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena parantapaubhayantapā gahitā. Sesaṃ suviññeyyameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha <a name="V1.0209"></a> ca vijjāsampadāya satthu paññāmahattaṃ pakāsitaṃ hoti, caraṇasampadāya karuṇāmahattaṃ. Tesu paññāya bhagavato dhammarajjappatti, karuṇāya dhammasaṃvibhāgo. Paññāya saṃsāradukkhanibbidā, karuṇāya saṃsāradukkhasahanaṃ. Paññāya paradukkhaparijānanaṃ, karuṇāya paradukkhapatikārārambho. Paññāya parinibbānābhimukhabhāvo, karuṇāya tadadhigamo. Paññāya sayaṃ taraṇaṃ, karuṇāya paresaṃ tāraṇaṃ. Paññāya buddhabhāvasiddhi, karuṇāya buddhakiccasiddhi. Karuṇāya vā bodhisattabhūmiyaṃ saṃsārābhimukhabhāvo, paññāya tattha anabhirati, tathā karuṇāya paresaṃ abhiṃsāpanaṃ, paññāya sayaṃ parehi abhāyanaṃ. Karuṇāya paraṃ rakkhanto attānaṃ rakkhati, paññāya attānaṃ rakkhanto paraṃ rakkhati. Tathā karuṇāya aparantapo, paññāya anattantapo, tena attahitāya paṭipannādīsu catūsu <a name="M1.0237"></a> puggalesu catutthapuggalabhāvo siddho hoti. Tathā karuṇāya lokanāthatā, paññāya attanāthatā. Karuṇāya cassa ninnatābhāvo, paññāya unnamābhāvo. Tathā karuṇāya sabbasattesu janitānuggaho, paññānugatattā na ca na sabbattha virattacitto, paññāya sabbadhammesu virattacitto, karuṇānugatattā na ca na sabbasattānuggahāya pavatto. Yathā hi karuṇā bhagavato sinehasokavirahitā, evaṃ paññā ahaṃkāramamaṃkāravinimuttāti aññamaññavisodhitā paramavisuddhā guṇavisesā vijjācaraṇasampadāhi pakāsitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">sugato</span>ti imassa atthaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘sobhanagamanattā’’</span>tiādi. ‘‘Gate ṭhite’’tiādīsu gamanampi gatanti vuccatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘gamanampi hi gatanti vuccatī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Sobhana</span>nti subhaṃ, subhabhāvo visuddhatāya, visuddhatā dosavigamenāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘parisuddhamanavajja’’</span>nti. Gamanañca nāma bahuvidhanti idhādhippetaṃ gamanaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘ariyamaggo’’</span>ti āha. So hi nibbānassa gati adhigamoti ca katvā gataṃ gamananti ca vuccati. Idāni tasseva gamane kāraṇaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tena hesā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Khemaṃ disa</span>nti nibbānaṃ. <span class="bld">Asajjamāno</span>ti paripanthābhāvena sugatigamanepi asajjanto saṅgaṃ akaronto, pageva itarattha. Atha vā ekāsane nisīditvā khippābhiññāvaseneva catunnampi maggānaṃ paṭiladdhabhāvato asajjamāno abajjhanto gato. Yaṃ gamanaṃ gacchanto sabbagamanatthaṃ āvahati, sabbañca anuttaraṃ sampattiṃ āvahati, tadeva sobhanaṃ nāma, tena ca bhagavā gatoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘iti sobhanagamanattā sugato’’</span>ti sobhanattho susaddoti katvā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Asundarānaṃ dukkhānaṃ saṅkhārappavattīnaṃ abhāvato accantasukhattā ekantato sundaraṃ nāma asaṅkhatā dhātūti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sundarañcesa ṭhānaṃ gato amataṃ nibbāna’’</span>nti. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘nibbānaṃ <a name="V1.0210"></a> paramaṃ sukha’’nti (ma. ni. 2.215; dha. pa. 203-204). <span class="bld">Sammā</span>ti suṭṭhu. Suṭṭhu gamanañca nāma paṭipakkhena anabhibhūtassa gamananti āha <span class="bld">‘‘pahīne kilese puna apaccāgacchanto’’</span>ti, pahīnānaṃ puna asamudācāravasena apaccāgacchanto. Vuttamevatthaṃ āgamaṃ dassetvā vibhāvento āha <span class="bld">‘‘vuttañceta’’</span>ntiādi. <span class="bld">Eta</span>nti tena tena maggena pahīnakilesānaṃ puna apaccāgamanaṃ, idañca sikhāppattaṃ sammāgamanaṃ, yāya āgamanīyapaṭipadāya <a name="M1.0238"></a> siddhaṃ, sāpi sammāgamanamevāti evampi bhagavā sugatoti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sammā vā āgato’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Sammāpaṭipattiyā</span>ti sammāsambodhiyā sampāpane aviparītapaṭipattiyā. <span class="bld">Sabbalokassa hitasukhameva karontā</span>ti etena mahābodhiyā paṭipadā avibhāgena sabbasattānaṃ sabbadā hitasukhāvahabhāveneva pavattatīti dasseti. <span class="bld">Sassataṃ ucchedanti ime ante anupagacchanto gato</span>ti etena paṭiccasamuppādagatiṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Kāmasukhaṃ attakilamathanti ime anupagacchanto gato</span>ti etena ariyamaggagatiṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tatrā</span>ti yuttaṭṭhāne yuttasseva bhāsane. Nipphādetabbe sādhetabbe cetaṃ bhummaṃ. <span class="bld">Abhūta</span>nti abhūtatthaṃ. Atthamukhena hi vācāya abhūtatā bhūtatā vā. <span class="bld">Ataccha</span>nti tasseva vevacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Anatthasaṃhita</span>nti diṭṭhadhammikena samparāyikena vā anatthena saṃhitaṃ <span class="bld">anatthasaṃhitaṃ,</span> anatthāvahaṃ. Na atthoti anattho, atthassa paṭipakkho abhāvo ca, tena saṃhitaṃ, pisuṇavācaṃ samphappalāpañcāti attho. Evamettha catubbidhassapi vacīduccaritassa saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. Ettha ca paṭhamā vācā sīlavantaṃ ‘‘dussīlo’’ti, acaṇḍālādiṃ ‘‘caṇḍālo’’tiādinā bhāsamānassa daṭṭhabbā. Dutiyā dussīlaṃ ‘‘dussīlo’’ti, caṇḍālādimeva ‘‘caṇḍālo’’tiādinā avinayena bhāsamānassa. Tatiyā nerayikādikassa nerayikādibhāvavibhāvanīkathā yathā ‘‘āpāyiko devadatto nerayiko’’tiādikā. Catutthī ‘‘vedavihitena yaññavidhinā pāṇātipātādikataṃ sugatiṃ āvahatī’’ti lokassa byāmohanakathā. Pañcamī bhūtena pesuññupasaṃhārā kathā. Chaṭṭhā yuttapattaṭṭhāne pavattitā dānasīlādikathā veditabbā. <span class="bld">Evaṃ sammā gadattā</span>ti yathāvuttaṃ abhūtādiṃ vajjetvā bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ piyaṃ manāpaṃ tato eva sammā suṭṭhu gadanato sugato. Āpāthagamanamattena kassaci appiyampi hi bhagavato vacanaṃ piyaṃ manāpameva atthasiddhiyā lokassa hitasukhāvahattā. Ettha pana da-kārassa ta-kāraṃ katvā ‘‘sugato’’ti vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo nayo – sobhanaṃ gataṃ gamanaṃ etassāti <span class="bld">sugato</span>. Bhagavato hi veneyyajanupasaṅkamanaṃ ekantena tesaṃ hitasukhanipphādanato sobhanaṃ bhaddakaṃ. Tathā lakkhaṇānubyañjanappaṭimaṇḍitarūpakāyatāya dutavilambitakhalitānukaḍḍhananippīḷanukkuṭikakuṭilākulatādidosavirahitaṃ <a name="V1.0211"></a> vilāsitarājahaṃsavasabhavāraṇamigarājagamanaṃ <a name="M1.0239"></a> kāyagamanaṃ ñāṇagamanañca vipulanimmalakaruṇāsativīriyādiguṇavisesahitamabhinīhārato yāva mahābodhi anavajjatāya sattānaṃ hitasukhāvahatāya ca sobhanameva. Atha vā sayambhūñāṇena sakalampi lokaṃ pariññābhisamayavasena parijānanto sammā gato avagatoti <span class="bld">sugato</span>. Tathā lokasamudayaṃ pahānābhisamayavasena pajahanto anuppattidhammataṃ āpādento sammā gato atītoti sugato. Lokanirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikiriyābhisamayavasena sammā gato adhigatoti sugato. Lokanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ bhāvanābhisamayavasena sammā gato paṭipannoti sugato. Tathā yaṃ imassa sadevakassa lokassa diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ pattaṃ pariyesitaṃ ñātaṃ anuvicaritaṃ manasā, sabbaṃ taṃ hatthatale āmalakaṃ viya sammā paccakkhato gato abbhaññāsīti sugato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">lokavidū</span>ti imassa atthaṃ pakāsento āha <span class="bld">‘‘sabbathā viditalokattā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">sabbathā</span>ti sabbappakārena, yo yo loko yena yena pakārena veditabbo, tena tena pakārenāti attho. Te pana pakāre dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sabhāvato’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">sabhāvato</span>ti dukkhasabhāvato. Sabbo hi loko dukkhasabhāvo. Yathāha ‘‘saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā’’ti. <span class="bld">Samudayato</span>ti yato samudeti, tato taṇhādito. <span class="bld">Nirodhato</span>ti yattha so nirujjhati, tato visaṅkhārato. <span class="bld">Nirodhūpāyato</span>ti yena vidhinā so nirodho pattabbo, tato ariyamaggato ito aññassa pakārassa abhāvā. Iti ‘‘sabbathā lokaṃ avedī’’ti vatvā tadatthasādhakaṃ suttaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘yattha kho, āvuso’’</span>tiādimāha. Idañca suttaṃ ‘‘yattha kho, bhante, na jāyati…pe… na upapajjati, sakkā nu kho so, bhante, gamanena lokassa anto ñātuṃ vā daṭṭhuṃ vā pāpuṇituṃ vā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 1.107; a. ni. 4.45) okāsalokassa gatiṃ sandhāya rohitadevaputtena puṭṭho bhagavā abhāsi. Tattha <span class="bld">na jāyatī</span>tiādinā ujukaṃ jātiādīni paṭikkhipitvā <span class="bld">na cavati na upapajjatī</span>ti padadvayena aparāparaṃ cavanupapatanāni paṭikkhipati. Keci pana ‘‘na <a name="M1.0240"></a> jāyatītiādi gabbhaseyyakādivasena vuttaṃ, itaraṃ opapātikavasenā’’ti vadanti. <span class="bld">Ta</span>nti jātiādirahitaṃ. <span class="bld">Gamanenā</span>ti padasā gamanena. <span class="bld">Lokassanta</span>nti saṅkhāralokassa antabhūtaṃ nibbānaṃ. <span class="bld">Ñāteyya</span>nti jānitabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Daṭṭheyya</span>nti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Patteyya</span>nti pattabbaṃ. ‘‘Ñātāyaṃ diṭṭhāyaṃ pattāya’’nti vā pāṭho, tattha gamanena lokassantaṃ ñātā ayaṃ diṭṭhā ayaṃ pattā ayanti na vadāmīti attho. <span class="bld">Aya</span>nti nibbānatthiko.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kāmaṃ padasā gamanena gantvā lokassantaṃ ñātuṃ daṭṭhuṃ pattuṃ vā na sakkā, api ca parimitaparicchinnaṭṭhāne <a name="V1.0212"></a> taṃ paññāpetvā dassemīti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘api cā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">byāmamatte kaḷevare</span>ti byāmappamāṇe attabhāve. Iminā rūpakkhandhaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Sasaññimhī</span>ti saññāya sahite. Iminā saññāsīsena vedanādayo tayo khandhe dasseti saññāsahitattā eva. <span class="bld">Samanake</span>ti saviññāṇaketi attho. Iminā viññāṇakkhandhaṃ dasseti, aviññāṇake pana utusamuṭṭhānarūpasamudāyamatte paññāpetuṃ na sakkāti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Loka</span>nti khandhādilokaṃ. <span class="bld">Lokanirodha</span>nti tassa lokassa nirujjhanaṃ nibbānameva vā. Nibbānampi hi khandhe paṭicca paññāpanato sarīrasmiṃyeva paññāpeti. Adesampi hi taṃ yesaṃ nirodho, tesaṃ vasena desatopi upacāravasena niddisīyati yathā ‘‘cakkhuṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhatī’’ti (dī. ni. 2.401; ma. ni. 1.134; vibha. 204).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Gamanenā</span>ti pākatikagamanena. <span class="bld">Lokassanto</span>ti saṅkhāralokassa anto antakiriyāya hetubhūtaṃ nibbānaṃ. <span class="bld">Kudācana</span>nti kadācipi. <span class="bld">Appatvā</span>ti aggamaggena anadhigantvā. <span class="bld">Pamocana</span>nti pamutti nissaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Tasmā</span>ti yasmā lokantaṃ appatvā vaṭṭadukkhato mutti natthi, tasmā. <span class="bld">Have</span>ti nipātamattaṃ. <span class="bld">Lokavidū</span>ti sabhāvādito sabbaṃ lokaṃ vijānanto. <span class="bld">Sumedho</span>ti sundarapañño. <span class="bld">Lokantagū</span>ti pariññābhisamayena lokaṃ viditvā pahānābhisamayena lokantagū. Maggabrahmacariyassa pariniṭṭhitattā <span class="bld">vusitabrahmacariyo</span>. Sabbesaṃ kilesānaṃ samitattā catusaccadhammānaṃ vā abhisamitattā <span class="bld">samitāvī</span>. <span class="bld">Nāsīsatī</span>ti na pattheti, yathā imaṃ lokaṃ, evaṃ parañca lokaṃ nāsīsati appaṭisandhikattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M1.0241"></a> yadipi lokavidutā anavasesato dassitā sabhāvādito dassitattā, loko pana ekadeseneva vuttoti taṃ anavasesato dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘api ca tayo lokā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha indriyabaddhānaṃ khandhānaṃ samūho santāno ca <span class="bld">sattaloko</span>. Rūpādīsu sattavisattatāya satto, lokīyati ettha kusalākusalaṃ tabbipāko cāti loko. Anindriyabaddhānaṃ rūpādīnaṃ samūho santāno ca <span class="bld">okāsaloko</span> lokīyanti ettha jaṅgamā thāvarā ca tesañca okāsabhūtoti katvā. Tadādhāratāya hesa ‘‘bhājanaloko’’tipi vuccati. Ubhayepi khandhā <span class="bld">saṅkhāraloko</span> paccayehi saṅkharīyanti lujjanti palujjanti cāti. <span class="bld">Āhāraṭṭhitikā</span>ti paccayaṭṭhitikā, paccayāyattavuttikāti attho. Paccayattho hettha āhārasaddo ‘‘ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā kāmacchandassa uppādāyā’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 5.232) viya. Evañhi ‘‘sabbe sattā’’ti iminā asaññasattāpi pariggahitā honti. Sā panāyaṃ āhāraṭṭhitikatā nippariyāyato <a name="V1.0213"></a> saṅkhāradhammo, na sattadhammoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘āhāraṭṭhitikāti āgataṭṭhāne saṅkhāraloko veditabbo’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi evaṃ ‘‘sabbe sattā’’ti idaṃ kathanti? Puggalādhiṭṭhānadesanāti nāyaṃ doso. Kasmā pana bhagavā katthaci puggalādhiṭṭhānaṃ katvā dhammaṃ deseti, katthaci dhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ katvā dhammaṃ desetīti? Desanāvilāsato veneyyajjhāsayato ca. Desanāvilāsappattā hi buddhā bhagavanto, te yathāruci katthaci puggalādhiṭṭhānaṃ katvā katthaci dhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ katvā dhammaṃ desenti. Ye vā pana veneyyā sāsanakkamaṃ anotiṇṇā, tesaṃ puggalādhiṭṭhānaṃ desanaṃ desenti. Ye ca otiṇṇā, tesaṃ dhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ. Sammutisaccavisayā puggalādhiṭṭhānā desanā, itarā paramatthasaccavisayā. Purimā karuṇānukūlā, itarā paññānukūlā. Saddhānusārīgottānaṃ vā purimā. Te hi puggalappamāṇikā, pacchimā dhammānusārīgottānaṃ. Saddhācaritatāya vā lokādhipatīnaṃ vasena puggalādhiṭṭhānā, paññācaritatāya dhammādhipatīnaṃ vasena dhammādhiṭṭhānā. Purimā ca neyyatthā, pacchimā nītatthā. Iti bhagavā taṃ taṃ visesaṃ apekkhitvā tattha tattha duvidhaṃ desanaṃ desetīti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Diṭṭhigatikānaṃ <a name="M1.0242"></a> sassatādivasena ‘‘attā loko’’ti parikappanā yebhuyyena sattavisayā, na saṅkhāravisayāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sassato lokoti vā asassato lokoti vāti āgataṭṭhāne sattaloko veditabbo’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Yāvatā candimasūriyā pariharantī</span>ti yattake ṭhāne candimasūriyā parivattanti paribbhamanti. <span class="bld">Disā bhanti virocamānā</span>ti tesaṃ paribbhamaneneva tā tā disā pabhassarā hutvā virocanti. Atha vā <span class="bld">disā</span>ti upayogabahuvacanaṃ, tasmā sayaṃ virocamānā candimasūriyā yattakā disā bhanti sobhenti obhāsayantīti attho. <span class="bld">Tāva sahassadhā loko</span>ti tattakena pamāṇena sahassappakāro okāsaloko, sahassalokadhātuyoti attho. ‘‘Tāvasahassavā’’ti vā pāṭho, tāva tattakaṃ sahassaṃ assa atthīti tāvasahassavā. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti sahassalokadhātusaṅkhāte loke.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tampī</span>ti tividhampi lokaṃ. <span class="bld">Sabbathā avedī</span>ti sabbappakārato paṭivijjhi. Kathaṃ paṭivijjhīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tathā hī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Tathā hissā</span>ti imassa ‘‘sabbathā vidito’’ti etena sambandho. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti anena bhagavatā. <span class="bld">Eko loko sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā</span>ti yāya puggalādhiṭṭhānāya kathāya sabbesaṃ saṅkhārānaṃ paccayāyattavuttitā vuttā, tāya sabbo saṅkhāraloko ekavidho pakārantarassa abhāvato. <span class="bld">Dve lokā</span>tiādīsupi imināva nayena attho veditabbo. Nāmaggahaṇena <a name="V1.0214"></a> cettha nibbānassa aggahaṇaṃ tassa alokasabhāvattā. Nanu ca ‘‘āhāraṭṭhitikā’’ti ettha paccayāyattavuttitāya maggaphaladhammānampi lokatā āpajjatīti? Nāpajjati pariññeyyānaṃ dukkhasaccadhammānaṃ idha lokoti adhippetattā. Atha vā na lujjati na palujjatīti yo gahito tathā na hoti, so lokoti taṃgahaṇarahitānaṃ lokuttarānaṃ natthi lokatā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tisso vedanā</span>ti sukhadukkhaupekkhāvasena. <span class="bld">Cattāro āhārā</span>ti kabaḷīkārāhāro phassāhāro manosañcetanāhāro viññāṇāhāroti cattāro āhārā. Tattha kabaḷīkārāhāro ojaṭṭhamakaṃ rūpaṃ āharatīti āhāro. Phasso tisso vedanā āharatīti āhāro. Manosañcetanā tīsu bhavesu paṭisandhiṃ āharatīti āhāro. Viññāṇaṃ paṭisandhikkhaṇe nāmarūpaṃ āharatīti āhāro. Upādānānaṃ <a name="M1.0243"></a> ārammaṇabhūtā khandhā <span class="bld">upādānakkhandhā. Cha ajjhattikāni āyatanānī</span>ti cakkhāyatanādimanāyatanapariyantāni. <span class="bld">Satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo</span>ti nānattakāyā nānattasaññino, nānattakāyā ekattasaññino, ekattakāyā nānattasaññino, ekattakāyā ekattasaññino, heṭṭhimā ca tayo āruppāti imā satta ‘‘viññāṇaṃ tiṭṭhati etthāti viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo’’ti vuccanti. Tattha nānattaṃ kāyo etesaṃ, nānatto vā kāyo etesanti nānattakāyā, nānattasaññā etesaṃ atthīti nānattasaññino. Iminā nayena sesapadesupi attho veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbe manussā (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.127; a. ni. aṭṭha. 3.7.44-45) chakāmāvacarā ca devā ekacce ca vinipātikā <span class="bld">‘‘nānattakāyā nānattasaññino’’</span>ti vuccanti. Aparimāṇesu hi cakkavāḷesu aparimāṇānaṃ manussānaṃ vaṇṇasaṇṭhānādivasena dvepi ekasadisā natthi. Yepi katthaci yamakabhātaro vaṇṇena vā saṇṭhānena vā ekasadisā honti, tesampi ālokitavilokitakathitahasitagamanaṭhānādīhi viseso hotiyeva, paṭisandhisaññā ca nesaṃ tihetukāpi duhetukāpi ahetukāpi hoti, tasmā sabbepi manussā nānattakāyā nānattasaññino. Chakāmāvacaradevesu ca kesañci kāyo nīlo hoti, kesañci pītādivaṇṇo, paṭisandhisaññā ca nesaṃ duhetukāpi tihetukāpi hoti, tasmā tepi nānattakāyā nānattasaññino. Ekacce vinipātikā pana catuapāyavinimuttakā uttaramātā yakkhinī, piyaṅkaramātā, dhammaguttāti evamādayo daṭṭhabbā. Etesañhi odātakaāḷamaṅguracchavisāmavaṇṇādivasena ceva kisathūlarassadīghādivasena ca kāyo nānā hoti, manussānaṃ viya tihetukaduhetukāhetukavasena paṭisandhisaññāpi, te pana devā viya na mahesakkhā<a name="V1.0215"></a>, kapaṇamanussā viya appesakkhā dullabhaghāsacchādanā dukkhapīḷitā viharanti, ekacce kāḷapakkhe dukkhitā juṇhapakkhe sukhitā honti, tasmā sukhasamussayato vinipatitattā sukhasamussayato vinipāto etesaṃ atthīti vinipātikāti vuttā satipi devabhāve dibbasampattiyā abhāvato. Ye panettha tihetukā, tesaṃ dhammābhisamayopi hoti. Piyaṅkaramātā hi yakkhinī paccūsasamaye anuruddhattherassa dhammaṃ sajjhāyato sutvā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Mā <a name="M1.0244"></a> saddaṃ kari piyaṅkara, bhikkhu dhammapadāni bhāsati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Apica dhammapadaṃ vijāniya, paṭipajjema hitāya no siyā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pāṇesu ca saṃyamāmase, sampajānamusā na bhaṇāmase;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sikkhema susīlyamattano, api muccema pisācayoniyā’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.240) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ puttakaṃ saññāpetvā taṃ divasaṃ sotāpattiphalaṃ pattā. Uttaramātā pana bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvāva sotāpannā jātā. Evamimepi kāyassa ceva paṭisandhisaññāya ca nānattā ‘‘nānattakāyā nānattasaññino’’tveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Brahmapārisajjabrahmapurohitamahābrahmasaṅkhātā pana hīnamajjhimapaṇītabhedabhinnena paṭhamajjhānena nibbattā brahmakāyikā ceva catūsu apāyesu sattā ca <span class="bld">‘‘nānattakāyā ekattasaññino’’</span>ti vuccanti. Etesu hi brahmakāyikesu brahmapurohitānaṃ kāyo brahmapārisajjehi pamāṇato vipulataro hoti, mahābrahmānaṃ kāyo pana brahmapurohitehipi pamāṇato vipulataro hoti. Kāmañca nesaṃ pabhāvasenapi kāyo heṭṭhimaheṭṭhimehi uḷārataro hoti, taṃ pana idha appamāṇaṃ. Tathā hi parittābhādīnaṃ parittasubhādīnañca kāye satipi pabhāvematte ekattavaseneva vavatthapīyatīti ‘‘ekattakāyā’’tveva te vuccanti. Evamime brahmakāyikā kāyassa nānattā paṭhamajjhānavipākavasena pana paṭisandhisaññāya ca ekattā nānattakāyā ekattasaññino. Yathā ca te, evaṃ catūsu apāyesu sattā. Nirayesu hi kesañci gāvutaṃ, kesañci aḍḍhayojanaṃ, kesañci yojanaṃ attabhāvo hoti, devadattassa pana yojanasatiko jāto. Tiracchānesupi keci khuddakā, keci mahantā, pettivisayepi keci saṭṭhihatthā, keci asītihatthā honti, keci suvaṇṇā, keci dubbaṇṇā, tathā kālakañcikā asurā. Api cettha dīghapiṭṭhikapetā nāma <a name="V1.0216"></a> saṭṭhiyojanikāpi honti, paṭisandhisaññā pana sabbesampi akusalavipākāhetukāva hoti. Iti āpāyikāpi ‘‘nānattakāyā ekattasaññino’’tveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dutiyajjhānabhūmikā <a name="M1.0245"></a> pana parittābhā appamāṇābhā ābhassarā <span class="bld">‘‘ekattakāyā nānattasaññino’’</span>ti vuccanti. Nesañhi sabbesaṃ kāyo ekappamāṇova hoti, paṭisandhisaññā pana dutiyatatiyajjhānavipākavasena nānā hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Parittasubhā appamāṇasubhā subhakiṇhā pana tatiyajjhānabhūmikā <span class="bld">ekattakāyā ekattasaññino</span>. Tesaṃ vuttanayena kāyassa ceva catutthajjhānavipākavasena paṭisandhisaññāya ca ekattā. ‘‘Vehapphalāpi imaṃyeva catutthaviññāṇaṭṭhitiṃ bhajanti kāyassa ceva pañcamajjhānavipākavasena paṭisandhisaññāya ca ekarūpattā. Suddhāvāsā pana apunarāvattanato vivaṭṭapakkhe ṭhitā, na sabbakālikā. Kappasatasahassampi asaṅkhyeyyampi buddhasuññe loke nuppajjanti, soḷasakappasahassabbhantare buddhesu uppajjantesuyeva uppajjanti, dhammacakkappavattissa bhagavato khandhāvāraṭṭhānasadisā honti, tasmā neva viññāṇaṭṭhitiṃ, na sattāvāsaṃ bhajantī’’ti vadanti. Mahāsīvatthero pana ‘‘na kho pana so sāriputta āvāso sulabharūpo, yo mayā anāvuṭṭhapubbo iminā dīghena addhunā aññatra suddhāvāsehi devehī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.160) iminā suttena ‘‘suddhāvāsāpi catutthaviññāṇaṭṭhitiṃ catutthasattāvāsaṃ bhajantī’’ti vadati, taṃ appaṭibāhiyattā suttassa anuññātaṃ. Tasmā asaññasattaṃ apanetvā parittasubhādīsu akaniṭṭhapariyosānāsu navasu bhūmīsu sattā ‘‘ekattakāyā ekattasaññino’’ti gahetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Asaññasattā pana viññāṇābhāvā ettha saṅgahaṃ na gacchanti. Tathā hi anuppanne buddhe titthāyatane pabbajitā vāyokasiṇe parikammaṃ katvā catutthajjhānaṃ nibbattetvā tato vuṭṭhāya ‘‘dhī cittaṃ, dhī cittaṃ, cittassa nāma abhāvoyeva sādhu. Cittañhi nissāya vadhabandhādipaccayaṃ dukkhaṃ uppajjati, citte asati nattheta’’nti khantiṃ ruciṃ uppādetvā aparihīnajjhānā kālaṃ katvā rūpapaṭisandhivasena asaññabhave nibbattanti. Yo yassa iriyāpatho manussaloke paṇihito ahosi, so tena iriyāpathena nibbattitvā pañca kappasatāni ṭhito vā nisinno vā nipanno vā hoti. Evaṃ cittavirāgabhāvanāvasena tesaṃ tattha viññāṇuppatti na hotīti viññāṇābhāvato viññāṇaṭṭhitiṃ te na bhajanti. Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ <a name="M1.0246"></a> pana yatheva saññāya, evaṃ viññāṇassapi sukhumattā viññāṇaṭṭhitīsu saṅgahaṃ na gacchati. Tañhi saññāya viya viññāṇassapi saṅkhārāvasesasukhumabhāvappattattā paribyattaviññāṇakiccābhāvato neva viññāṇaṃ<a name="V1.0217"></a>, na ca sabbaso aviññāṇaṃ hotīti nevaviññāṇā nāviññāṇaṃ, tasmā paripphuṭaviññāṇakiccavantīsu viññāṇaṭṭhitīsu saṅgahaṃ na gacchati. Tasmā vinipātikehi saddhiṃ chakāmāvacaradevā manussā ca nānattakāyā nānattasaññino, paṭhamajjhānabhūmikā apāyasattā ca nānattakāyā ekattasaññino, dutiyajjhānabhūmikā ekattakāyā nānattasaññino, tatiyajjhānabhūmikā asaññasattaṃ vajjetvā sesā catutthajjhānabhūmikā ca ekattakāyā ekattasaññinoti imā catasso viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ vajjetvā ākāsānañcāyatanādiheṭṭhimāruppattayena saddhiṃ ‘‘satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo’’ti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aṭṭha lokadhammā</span>ti lābho alābho yaso ayaso nindā pasaṃsā sukhaṃ dukkhanti ime aṭṭha lokassa dhammattā lokadhammā. Ime hi sattalokassa avassaṃbhāvino dhammā, tasmā etehi vinimutto nāma koci satto natthi. Te hi aparāparaṃ kadāci lokaṃ anupatanti, kadāci te loko ca anupatati. Vuttampi cetaṃ ‘‘aṭṭhime, bhikkhave, lokadhammā lokaṃ anuparivattanti, loko ca aṭṭha lokadhamme anuparivattatī’’ti (a. ni. 8.6). Ghāsacchādanādīnaṃ laddhi, tāni eva vā laddhabbato <span class="bld">lābho</span>. Tadabhāvo <span class="bld">alābho</span>. Lābhaggahaṇena cettha tabbisayo anurodho gahito, alābhaggahaṇena virodho. Evaṃ <span class="bld">yasā</span>dīsupi tabbisayaanurodhavirodhānaṃ gahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ. Lābhe pana āgate alābho āgatoyeva hotīti lābho ca alābho ca vutto. <span class="bld">Yasā</span>dīsupi eseva nayo. Tathā ca lohite sati tadupaghātavasena pubbo viya lābhādīsu anurodhe sati alābhādīsu virodho laddhāvasaro eva hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nava sattāvāsā</span>ti heṭṭhā vuttasattaviññāṇaṭṭhitiyo eva asaññasattacatutthāruppehi saddhiṃ ‘‘nava sattāvāsā’’ti vuccanti. Sattā āvasanti etesūti sattāvāsā, nānattakāyanānattasaññīādibhedā sattanikāyā. Te hi sattanikāyā tappariyāpannānaṃ sattānaṃ tāya eva tappariyāpannatāya <a name="M1.0247"></a> ādhāro viya vattabbataṃ arahanti samudāyādhāratāya avayavassa yathā ‘‘rukkhe sākhā’’ti. Suddhāvāsānampi sattāvāsaggahaṇe kāraṇaṃ heṭṭhā vuttameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dasāyatanānī</span>ti arūpasabhāvaṃ manāyatanaṃ rūpārūpādimissakaṃ dhammāyatanañca ṭhapetvā kevalaṃ rūpadhammānaṃyeva vasena cakkhāyatanādayo pañca, rūpāyatanādayo pañcāti dasāyatanāni vuttāni, manāyatanadhammāyatanehi pana saddhiṃ tāniyeva <span class="bld">‘‘dvādasāyatanānī’’</span>ti vuttāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmā <a name="V1.0218"></a> panettha cakkhādayo ‘‘āyatanānī’’ti vuccanti? Āyatanato (vibha. aṭṭha. 154) āyānaṃ vā tananato āyatassa ca nayanato āyatanāni. Cakkhurūpādīsu hi taṃtaṃdvārārammaṇā cittacetasikā dhammā sena sena anubhavanādinā kiccena āyatanti uṭṭhahanti ghaṭanti vāyamanti, te ca pana āyabhūte dhamme etāni tanonti vitthārenti, idañca anamatagge saṃsāre pavattaṃ ativiya āyataṃ saṃsāradukkhaṃ yāva na nivattati, tāva nayanti pavattayanti, tasmā ‘‘āyatanānī’’ti vuccanti. Api ca nivāsaṭṭhānaṭṭhena ākaraṭṭhena samosaraṇaṭṭhena sañjātidesaṭṭhena kāraṇaṭṭhena ca āyatanāni. Tathā hi loke ‘‘issarāyatanaṃ vāsudevāyatana’’ntiādīsu nivāsaṭṭhānaṃ āyatananti vuccati. ‘‘Suvaṇṇāyatanaṃ rajatāyatana’’ntiādīsu ākaro. Sāsane pana ‘‘manorame āyatane, sevanti naṃ vihaṅgamā’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 5.38) samosaraṇaṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Dakkhiṇāpatho gunnaṃ āyatana’’ntiādīsu sañjātideso. ‘‘Tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇāti sati satiāyatane’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 3.158; a. ni. 3.102; 5.23) kāraṇaṃ āyatananti vuccati. Cakkhuādīsu ca te te cittacetasikā dhammā nivasanti tadāyattavuttitāyāti cakkhādayo tesaṃ nivāsaṭṭhānaṃ. Cakkhādīsu ca te ākiṇṇā tannissitattā tadārammaṇattā cāti cakkhādayova nesaṃ ākaro. Tattha tattha vatthudvārārammaṇavasena samosaraṇato cakkhādayova nesaṃ samosaraṇaṭṭhānaṃ. Tannissayārammaṇabhāvena tattheva uppattito cakkhādayova nesaṃ sañjātideso. Cakkhādīnaṃ abhāve abhāvato cakkhādayova nesaṃ kāraṇanti yathāvuttenatthena cakkhu ca taṃ āyatanañcāti cakkhāyatanaṃ. Evaṃ sesānipi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imāneva <a name="M1.0248"></a> pana dvādasāyatanāni cakkhuviññāṇādichaviññāṇehi saddhiṃ <span class="bld">aṭṭhārasa</span> vidahanādito <span class="bld">‘‘dhātuyo’’</span>ti vuccanti. Tathā hi cakkhādīsu ekeko dhammo yathāsambhavaṃ vidahati, dhīyate, vidhānaṃ, vidhīyate etāya, ettha vā dhīyatīti dhātūti vuccati. Lokiyā hi dhātuyo kāraṇabhāvena vavatthitāva hutvā suvaṇṇarajatādidhātuyo viya suvaṇṇarajatādiṃ, anekappakāraṃ saṃsāradukkhaṃ vidahanti, bhārahārehi ca bhāro viya sattehi dhīyanti dhārīyanti, dukkhavidhānamattameva cetā avasavattanato. Etāhi ca kāraṇabhūtāhi saṃsāradukkhaṃ sattehi anuvidhīyati, tathāvihitañca taṃ etāsveva dhīyati ṭhapīyati, tasmā ‘‘dhātuyo’’ti vuccanti. Api ca yathā titthiyānaṃ attā nāma sabhāvato natthi, na evametā, etā pana attano sabhāvaṃ dhārentīti dhātuyo. Yathā ca loke vicittā haritālamanosilādayo selāvayavā ‘‘dhātuyo’’ti vuccanti, evametāpi dhātuyo viya dhātuyo. Vicittā hetā ñāṇañeyyāvayavāti. Yathā vā sarīrasaṅkhātassa samudāyassa avayavabhūtesu rasasoṇitādīsu aññamaññavisabhāgalakkhaṇaparicchinnesu <a name="V1.0219"></a> dhātusamaññā, evametesupi pañcakkhandhasaṅkhātassa attabhāvassa avayavesu dhātusamaññā veditabbā. Aññamaññavisabhāgalakkhaṇaparicchinnā hete cakkhādayoti. Api ca <span class="bld">dhātū</span>ti nijjīvamattassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Tathā hi bhagavā ‘‘chadhāturo ayaṃ bhikkhu puriso’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 3.343) jīvasaññāsamūhananatthaṃ dhātudesanamakāsi. Tasmā nijjīvaṭṭhenapi dhātuyoti vuccanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca ‘‘āhāraṭṭhitikā’’ti paccayāyattavuttitāvacanena saṅkhārānaṃ aniccatā, tāya ca ‘‘yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ, yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.15) vacanato dukkhānattatā ca pakāsitā hontīti tīṇipi sāmaññalakkhaṇāni gahitāni. <span class="bld">Nāma</span>nti cattāro arūpino khandhā, te ca atthato phassādayo. <span class="bld">Rūpa</span>nti bhūtupādāyarūpāni, tāni ca atthato pathavīādayoti aviseseneva salakkhaṇato saṅkhārā gahitā. Taggahaṇeneva ye te savisesā kusalādayo hetuādayo ca, tepi gahitā eva hontīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘iti ayaṃ saṅkhāralokopi sabbathā vidito’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M1.0249"></a> saṅkhāralokassa sabbathā viditabhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni sattalokassapi sabbathā viditabhāvaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘yasmā panesā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">āsayaṃ jānātī</span>ti āgamma cittaṃ seti etthāti āsayo migāsayo viya. Yathā migo gocarāya gantvā paccāgantvā tattheva vanagahane sayatīti so tassa āsayo, evaṃ aññathā pavattitvāpi cittaṃ āgamma yattha seti, so tassa āsayoti vuccati. So pana sassatadiṭṭhiādivasena catubbidho. Vuttañca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sassatucchedadiṭṭhī ca, khanti cevānulomikā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yathābhūtañca yaṃ ñāṇaṃ, etaṃ āsayasaddita’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha sabbadiṭṭhīnaṃ sassatucchedadiṭṭhīhi saṅgahitattā sabbepi diṭṭhigatikā sattā imā eva dve diṭṭhiyo sannissitā. Yathāha ‘‘dvayanissito khvāyaṃ kaccāna loko yebhuyyena atthitañceva natthitañcā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.15). <span class="bld">Atthitā</span>ti hi sassataggāho adhippeto, <span class="bld">natthitā</span>ti ucchedaggāho. Ayaṃ tāva vaṭṭanissitānaṃ puthujjanānaṃ āsayo, vivaṭṭanissitānaṃ pana suddhasattānaṃ anulomikā khanti yathābhūtañāṇanti duvidho āsayo. Tattha ‘‘anulomikā khanti vipassanāñāṇaṃ, yathābhūtañāṇaṃ pana maggañāṇa’’nti <span class="bld">sammohavinodaniyā</span> vibhaṅgaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (vibha. aṭṭha. 815) vuttaṃ<a name="V1.0220"></a>. Taṃ catubbidhampi sattānaṃ āsayaṃ jānāti, jānanto ca tesaṃ diṭṭhigatānaṃ tesañca ñāṇānaṃ appavattikkhaṇepi jānāti. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Kāmaṃ sevantaññeva jānāti ‘ayaṃ puggalo kāmagaruko kāmāsayo kāmādhimutto’ti, kāmaṃ sevantaññeva jānāti ‘ayaṃ puggalo nekkhammagaruko nekkhammāsayo nekkhammādhimutto’’’tiādi (paṭi. ma. 1.113).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anusayaṃ jānātī</span>ti anu anu sayantīti anusayā, anurūpaṃ kāraṇaṃ labhitvā uppajjantīti attho. Etena nesaṃ kāraṇalābhe uppajjanārahataṃ dasseti. Appahīnā hi kilesā kāraṇalābhe sati uppajjanti. Ke pana te? Kāmarāgādayo satta anāgatā kilesā, atītā paccuppannā ca taṃsabhāvattā tathā vuccanti. Na hi dhammānaṃ kālabhedena sabhāvabhedo <a name="M1.0250"></a> atthi, taṃ sattavidhaṃ anusayaṃ tassa tassa sattassa santāne paroparabhāvena pavattamānaṃ jānāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Caritaṃ jānātī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">carita</span>nti sucaritaduccaritaṃ. Tañhi <span class="bld">vibhaṅge</span> (vibha. 814 ādayo) caritaniddese niddiṭṭhaṃ. Atha vā <span class="bld">carita</span>nti cariyā veditabbā. Tā pana rāgadosamohasaddhābuddhivitakkavasena cha mūlacariyā, tāsaṃ apariyanto antarabhedo, saṃsaggabhedo pana tesaṭṭhividho. Taṃ caritaṃ sabhāvato saṃkilesato vodānato samuṭṭhānato phalato nissandatoti evamādinā pakārena jānāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Adhimuttiṃ jānātī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">adhimuttī</span>ti ajjhāsayadhātu. Sā duvidhā hīnādhimutti paṇītādhimuttīti. Yāya hīnādhimuttikā sattā hīnādhimuttikeyeva sevanti, paṇītādhimuttikā ca paṇītādhimuttike eva. Sace hi ācariyupajjhāyā na sīlavanto honti, saddhivihārikā sīlavanto honti, te attano ācariyupajjhāyepi na upasaṅkamanti, attanā sadise sāruppabhikkhūyeva upasaṅkamanti. Sace ācariyupajjhāyā sāruppabhikkhū, itare asāruppā, tepi na ācariyupajjhāye upasaṅkamanti, attanā sadise hīnādhimuttike eva upasaṅkamanti. Tipiṭakacūḷābhayatthero kira nāgadīpe cetiyavandanāya pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ gacchanto ekasmiṃ gāme manussehi nimantito therena ca saddhiṃ eko asāruppabhikkhu atthi, dhuravihārepi eko asāruppabhikkhu atthi, bhikkhusaṅghesu gāmaṃ osarantesu te ubho janā kiñcāpi āgantukena nevāsiko, nevāsikena vā āgantuko na diṭṭhapubbo, evaṃ santepi ekato <a name="V1.0221"></a> hutvā hasitvā hasitvā kathayamānā aṭṭhaṃsu. Thero disvā ‘‘sammāsambuddhena jānitvā <span class="bld">dhātusaṃyuttaṃ</span> (saṃ. ni. 2.85 ādayo) kathita’’nti āha. Evamayaṃ hīnādhimuttikādīnaṃ aññamaññopasevanādiniyāmikā ajjhāsayadhātu ajjhāsayabhāvo adhimuttīti vuccati, taṃ adhimuttiṃ jānāti. ‘‘Imassa adhimutti hīnā, imassa paṇītā. Tatthāpi imassa mudu, imassa mudutarā, imassa mudutamā’’tiādinā paṭivijjhati. Adhimuttiyā pana tikkhamudubhāvādiko indriyānaṃ tikkhamudubhāvādinā veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Apparajakkhe</span>ti <a name="M1.0251"></a> paññāmaye akkhimhi appaṃ parittaṃ rāgadosamoharajaṃ etesanti apparajakkhā, appaṃ vā rāgādirajaṃ etesanti apparajakkhā, anussadarāgādirajā sattā. Te apparajakkhe. <span class="bld">Mahārajakkhe</span>ti etthāpi eseva nayo, ussadarāgādirajā mahārajakkhā. <span class="bld">Jānātī</span>ti ‘‘imassa rāgarajo appo, imassa dosarajo appo’’tiādinā apparajakkhādike jānāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tikkhindriye</span>ti tikhiṇehi saddhādīhi indriyehi samannāgate. <span class="bld">Mudindriye</span>ti mudukehi saddhādīhi indriyehi samannāgate. Ubhayatthāpi upanissayabhūtindriyāni adhippetāni. <span class="bld">Svākāre</span>ti sundarākāre, kalyāṇapakatike vivaṭṭajjhāsayeti attho. Yesaṃ vā āsayādayo ākārā koṭṭhāsā sundarā, te <span class="bld">svākārā</span>. Viparītā <span class="bld">dvākārā. Suviññāpaye</span>ti sammattaniyāmaṃ viññāpetuṃ sukare saddhe paññavante ca, ye vā kathitaṃ kāraṇaṃ sallakkhenti, sukhena sakkā honti viññāpetuṃ, te <span class="bld">suviññāpayā</span>. Viparītā <span class="bld">duviññāpayā. Bhabbe abhabbe</span>ti ettha ye ariyamaggappaṭivedhassa anucchavikā upanissayasampannā kammāvaraṇakilesāvaraṇavipākāvaraṇarahitā, te <span class="bld">bhabbā</span>. Viparītā <span class="bld">abhabbā. Tasmā</span>ti yasmā bhagavā aparimāṇe satte āsayādito anavasesetvā jānāti, tasmā assa bhagavato sattalokopi sabbathā vidito.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca sattesu pamāṇādipi jānitabbo atthīti? Atthi, tassa pana jānanaṃ na nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāyāti idha na gahitaṃ, bhagavato pana tampi suviditaṃ suvavatthāpitameva, payojanābhāvā desanaṃ nāruḷhaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Atha kho bhagavā parittaṃ nakhasikhāyaṃ paṃsuṃ āropetvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ yo vāyaṃ mayā paritto nakhasikhāyaṃ paṃsu āropito, ayaṃ vā mahāpathavī’’’tiādi (saṃ. ni. 5.1121).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="V1.0222"></a> sattalokassapi sabbathā viditabhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni okāsalokassapi tatheva viditabhāvaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘yathā ca</span> <span class="bld">sattaloko’’</span>tiādi<a name="M1.0252"></a>. Okāsalokopi sabbathā viditoti sambandho. <span class="bld">Cakkavāḷa</span>nti lokadhātu. Sā hi nemimaṇḍalasadisena cakkavāḷapabbatena samantato parikkhittattā ‘‘cakkavāḷa’’nti vuccati. <span class="bld">Aḍḍhuḍḍhānī</span>ti upaḍḍhacatutthāni, tīṇi satāni paññāsañcāti attho. <span class="bld">Nahutānī</span>ti dasasahassāni. <span class="bld">Saṅkhātā</span>ti kathitā. Yasmā pathavī nāmāyaṃ tiriyaṃ aparicchinnā, tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘ettakaṃ bahalattena, saṅkhātāyaṃ vasundharā’’</span>ti bahalatoyeva paricchedo vutto. Nanu cakkavāḷapabbatehi taṃtaṃcakkavāḷapathavī paricchinnāti? Na tadaññacakkavāḷapathaviyā ekābaddhabhāvato. Tiṇṇaṃ tiṇṇañhi pattānaṃ antarāḷasadise tiṇṇaṃ tiṇṇaṃ lokadhātūnaṃ antareyeva pathavī natthi lokantaranirayabhāvato, cakkavāḷapabbatānaṃ pana cakkavāḷapabbatantarehi sambaddhaṭṭhāne pathavī ekābaddhāva, vivaṭṭakāle saṇṭhahamānāpi pathavī yathāsaṇṭhitapathaviyā ekābaddhāva saṇṭhahati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Saṇṭhitī</span>ti heṭṭhā uparito cāti sabbaso ṭhiti. <span class="bld">Evaṃ saṇṭhite</span>ti evaṃ avaṭṭhite. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti cakkavāḷe. <span class="bld">Ajjhogāḷho</span>ti ogāhitvā anupavisitvā ṭhito. <span class="bld">Accuggato tāvadevā</span>ti tattakameva caturāsīti yojanasatasahassāniyeva uggato. Na kevalañcettha ubbedhova, atha kho āyāmavitthārāpissa tattakāyeva. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Sineru, bhikkhave, pabbatarājā caturāsīti yojanasahassāni āyāmena, caturāsīti yojanasahassāni vitthārenā’’ti (a. ni. 7.66).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sinerupabbatuttamo</span>ti pabbatesu uttamo, pabbatoyeva vā uttamo pabbatuttamo, sinerusaṅkhāto pabbatuttamo sinerupabbatuttamo, sinerupabbatarājāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tassa ca pācīnapassaṃ rajatamayaṃ, tasmā tassa pabhāya ajjhottharantiyā pācīnadisāya samuddodakaṃ khīraṃ viya paññāyati. Dakkhiṇapassaṃ pana indanīlamaṇimayaṃ, tasmā dakkhiṇadisāya samuddodakaṃ yebhuyyena nīlavaṇṇaṃ hutvā paññāyati, tathā ākāsaṃ. Pacchimapassaṃ phalikamayaṃ. Uttarapassaṃ suvaṇṇamayaṃ. Cattāro samuddāpi sinerurasmīhi eva paricchinnā. Tathā hi pubbadakkhiṇapassehi nikkhantā rajatamaṇirasmiyo ekato hutvā mahāsamuddapiṭṭhena gantvā cakkavāḷapabbataṃ āhacca tiṭṭhanti, dakkhiṇapacchimapassehi nikkhantā maṇiphalikarasmiyo, pacchimuttarapassehi <a name="M1.0253"></a> nikkhantā phalikasuvaṇṇarasmiyo, uttarapācīnapassehi nikkhantā suvaṇṇarajatarasmiyo ekato hutvā <a name="V1.0223"></a> mahāsamuddapiṭṭhena gantvā cakkavāḷapabbataṃ āhacca tiṭṭhanti, tāsaṃ rasmīnaṃ antaresu cattāro mahāsamuddā honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tato</span>ti sinerussa heṭṭhā upari ca vuttappamāṇato. <span class="bld">Upaḍḍhupaḍḍhenā</span>ti upaḍḍhena upaḍḍhena. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – dvācattālīsa yojanasahassāni samudde ajjhogāḷho tattakameva upari uggato <span class="bld">yugandharapabbato,</span> ekavīsati yojanasahassāni mahāsamudde ajjhogāḷho tattakameva ca upari uggato <span class="bld">īsadharo</span> pabbatoti iminā nayena sesesupi upaḍḍhupaḍḍhappamāṇatā veditabbā. Yathā mahāsamuddo yāva cakkavāḷapādamūlā anupubbaninno, evaṃ yāva sinerupādamūlāti heṭṭhā sineruppamāṇato upaḍḍhappamāṇopi yugandharapabbato pathaviyaṃ suppatiṭṭhito, evaṃ īsadharādayopīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘mahāsamuddo, bhikkhave, anupubbaninno anupubbapoṇo anupubbapabbhāro’’ti (cūḷava. 184; udā. 45). Sineruyugandharādīnaṃ antare <span class="bld">sīdantarasamuddā</span> nāma honti. Tattha kira udakaṃ sukhumaṃ morapattamattampi pakkhittaṃ patiṭṭhātuṃ na sakkoti sīdateva, tasmā te sīdasamuddā nāma vuccanti. Te pana vitthārato yathākkamaṃ sineruādīnaṃ accuggamasamānapaamāṇāti vadanti. <span class="bld">Ajjhogāḷhuggatā</span>ti ajjhogāḷhā ca uggatā ca. <span class="bld">Brahā</span>ti mahantā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sinerussa samantato</span>ti parikkhipanavasena sinerussa samantato ṭhitā. Sineruṃ tāva parikkhipitvā ṭhito yugandharo, taṃ parikkhipitvā īsadharo. Evaṃ taṃ taṃ parikkhipitvā ṭhitā ‘‘sinerussa samantato’’ti vuttā. Katthaci pana ‘‘sineruṃ parikkhipitvā assakaṇṇo nāma pabbato patiṭṭhito, taṃ parikkhipitvā vinatako nāma pabbato’’ti evaṃ aññoyeva anukkamo āgato. Tathā hi <span class="bld">nimijātake</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sahassayuttaṃ hayavāhiṃ, dibbayānamadhiṭṭhito;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Yāyamāno mahārājā, addā sīdantare nage;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Disvānāmantayī sūtaṃ, ime ke nāma pabbatā’’ti. (jā. 2.22.566)</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ <a name="M1.0254"></a> nimimahārājena puṭṭhena mātalidevaputtena –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sudassano karavīko, īsadharo yugandharo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nemindharo vinatako, assakaṇṇo girī brahā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ete <a name="V1.0224"></a> sīdantare nagā, anupubbasamuggatā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mahārājānamāvāsā, yāni tvaṃ rāja passasī’’ti. (jā. 2.22.568-569)</p>
<p class="unindented">Vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha aṭṭhakathāyaṃ idaṃ vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ayaṃ, mahārāja, etesaṃ sabbabāhiro sudassano pabbato nāma, tadanantare karavīko nāma, so sudassanato uccataro. Ubhinnampi pana tesaṃ antare ekopi sīdantaramahāsamuddo. Karavīkassa anantare īsadharo nāma, so karavīkato uccataro. Tesampi antare eko sīdantaramahāsamuddo. Īsadharassa anantare yugandharo nāma, so īsadharato uccataro. Tesampi antare eko sīdantaramahāsamuddo. Yugandharassa anantare nemindharo nāma, so yugandharato uccataro. Tesampi antare eko sīdantaramahāsamuddo. Nemindharassa anantare vinatako nāma, so nemindharato uccataro. Tesampi antare eko sīdantaramahāsamuddo. Vinatakassa anantare assakaṇṇo nāma, so vinatakato uccataro. Tesampi antare eko sīdantaramahāsamuddo. Ete sīdantaramahāsamudde satta pabbatā anupaṭipāṭiyā samuggatā sopānasadisā hutvā ṭhitā’’ti (jā. aṭṭha. 6.22.569).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yojanānaṃ satānucco, himavā pañca pabbato</span>ti himavā pabbato pañca yojanasatāni ucco, ubbedhoti attho. Tattha <span class="bld">himavā</span>ti himapātasamaye himayuttatāya himaṃ assa atthīti himavā, gimhakāle himaṃ vamatīti himavā. <span class="bld">Pabbato</span>ti selo. Selo hi sandhisaṅkhātehi pabbehi sahitattā ‘‘pabbato’’ti vuccati, pasavanādivasena jalassa sārabhūtānaṃ bhesajjādīnaṃ vatthūnañca giraṇato ‘‘girī’’ti ca vuccati. <span class="bld">Yojanānaṃ sahassāni, tīṇi āyatavitthato</span>ti yojanānaṃ tīṇi sahassāni āyāmato <a name="M1.0255"></a> ca vitthārato cāti attho, āyāmato ca vitthārato ca tīṇi yojanasahassānīti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Caturāsītisahassehi, kūṭehi paṭimaṇḍito</span>ti sudassanakūṭacitrakūṭādīhi caturāsītikūṭasahassehi paṭimaṇḍito, sobhitoti attho. Apicettha avuttopi ayaṃ viseso veditabbo (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.31; a. ni. aṭṭha. 3.8.19; su. ni. aṭṭha. selasuttavaṇṇanā) – ayaṃ <a name="V1.0225"></a> himavā nāma pabbato samantato sandamānapañcasatanadīvicitto, yattha āyāmavitthārena ceva gambhīratāya ca paṇṇāsa paṇṇāsa yojanā diyaḍḍhayojanasataparimaṇḍalā anotattadaho kaṇṇamuṇḍadaho rathakāradaho chaddantadaho kuṇāladaho mandākinīdaho sīhappapātadahoti satta mahāsarā patiṭṭhitā. Tesu <span class="bld">anotatto</span> sudassanakūṭaṃ citrakūṭaṃ kāḷakūṭaṃ gandhamādanakūṭaṃ kelāsakūṭanti imehi pañcahi pabbatehi parikkhitto. Tattha <span class="bld">sudassanakūṭaṃ</span> sovaṇṇamayaṃ dviyojanasatubbedhaṃ antovaṅkaṃ kākamukhasaṇṭhānaṃ tameva saraṃ paṭicchādetvā ṭhitaṃ. <span class="bld">Citrakūṭaṃ</span> sabbaratanamayaṃ. <span class="bld">Kāḷakūṭaṃ</span> añjanamayaṃ. <span class="bld">Gandhamādanakūṭaṃ</span> sānumayaṃ abbhantare muggavaṇṇaṃ kāḷānusāriyādimūlagandho candanādisāragandho saralādipheggugandho lavaṅgāditacagandho kapiṭṭhādipapaṭikagandho sajjādirasagandho tamālādipattagandho nāgakuṅkumādipupphagandho jātiphalādiphalagandho sabbathā gandhabhāvato gandhagandhoti imehi dasahi gandhehi ussannaṃ nānappakāraosadhasañchannaṃ kāḷapakkhauposathadivase ādittamiva aṅgāraṃ jalantaṃ tiṭṭhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattheva nandamūlakaṃ (su. ni. aṭṭha. 1.35) nāma pabbhāraṃ paccekabuddhānaṃ vasanokāso. Tisso guhāyo suvaṇṇaguhā maṇiguhā rajataguhāti. Tattha maṇiguhādvāre mañjūsako nāma rukkho yojanaṃ ubbedhena, yojanaṃ vitthārena, so yattakāni udake vā thale vā pupphāni, sabbāni pupphati visesena paccekabuddhāgamanadivase, tassūparito sabbaratanamāḷo hoti. Tattha sammajjanakavāto kacavaraṃ chaḍḍeti, samakaraṇavāto sabbaratanamayaṃ vālikaṃ samaṃ karoti, siñcanakavāto anotattadahato ānetvā udakaṃ siñcati, sugandhakaraṇavāto sabbesaṃ gandharukkhānaṃ gandhe āneti, ocinakavāto pupphāni ocinitvā pāteti, santharaṇakavāto sabbattha santharati, sadā paññattāneva cettha āsanāni honti. Yesu <a name="M1.0256"></a> paccekabuddhuppādadivase uposathadivase ca sabbapaccekabuddhā sannipatitvā nisīdanti, ayaṃ tattha pakati. Abhisambuddhapaccekabuddho tattha gantvā paññattāsane nisīdati. Tato sace tasmiṃ kāle aññepi paccekabuddhā saṃvijjanti, tepi taṅkhaṇaṃ sannipatitvā paññattāsanesu nisīdanti, nisīditvā kiñcideva samāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhahanti. Tato saṅghatthero adhunāgataṃ paccekabuddhaṃ sabbesaṃ anumodanatthāya ‘‘kathamadhigata’’nti kammaṭṭhānaṃ pucchati, tadā so attano udānabyākaraṇagāthaṃ bhāsati. Evamidaṃ gandhamādanakūṭaṃ paccekabuddhānaṃ āvāsaṭṭhānaṃ hotīti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kelāsakūṭaṃ</span> pana rajatamayaṃ. Sabbāni cetāni citrakūṭādīni sudassanena samānubbedhasaṇṭhānāni <a name="V1.0226"></a> tameva saraṃ paṭicchādetvā ṭhitāni. Sabbāni pana puthulato paññāsayojanāni, āyāmato pana ubbedhato viya dviyojanasatānevāti vadanti. Tāni sabbāni devānubhāvena nāgānubhāvena ca ṭhassanti, nadiyo ca tesu sandanti, taṃ sabbampi udakaṃ anotattameva pavisati, candimasūriyā dakkhiṇena vā uttarena vā gacchantā pabbatantarena tattha obhāsaṃ karonti, ujuṃ gacchantā na karonti, tenevassa <span class="bld">‘‘anotatta’’</span>nti saṅkhā udapādi. Tattha ratanamayamanuññasopānasilātalāni nimmacchakacchapāni phalikasadisanimmalūdakāni nhānatitthāni tadupabhogīsattānaṃ sādhāraṇakammunāva suppaṭiyattāni susaṇṭhitāni honti, yesu buddhapaccekabuddhakhīṇāsavā ca iddhimanto ca isayo nhāyanti, devayakkhādayo uyyānakīḷaṃ kīḷanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassa catūsu passesu sīhamukhaṃ hatthimukhaṃ assamukhaṃ usabhamukhanti cattāri mukhāni honti, yehi catasso nadiyo sandanti. Sīhamukhena nikkhantanadītīre sīhā bahutarā honti, hatthimukhādīhi hatthiassausabhā. Puratthimadisato nikkhantanadī anotattaṃ tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā itarā tisso nadiyo anupagamma pācīnahimavanteneva amanussapathaṃ gantvā mahāsamuddaṃ pavisati. Pacchimadisato ca uttaradisato ca nikkhantanadiyopi tatheva padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pacchimahimavanteneva uttarahimavanteneva ca amanussapathaṃ gantvā mahāsamuddaṃ pavisanti. Dakkhiṇadisato nikkhantanadī pana taṃ tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā dakkhiṇena ujukaṃ pāsāṇapiṭṭheneva saṭṭhi yojanāni gantvā pabbataṃ paharitvā vuṭṭhāya parikkhepena tigāvutappamāṇā udakadhārā hutvā ākāsena saṭṭhi yojanāni gantvā tiyaggaḷe nāma pāsāṇe <a name="M1.0257"></a> patitā, pāsāṇo udakadhārāvegena bhinno. Tattha paññāsayojanappamāṇā tiyaggaḷā nāma mahāpokkharaṇī jātā, mahāpokkharaṇiyā kūlaṃ bhinditvā pāsāṇaṃ pavisitvā saṭṭhi yojanāni gatā, tato ghanapathaviṃ bhinditvā umaṅgena saṭṭhi yojanāni gantvā viñjhaṃ nāma tiracchānapabbataṃ paharitvā hatthatale pañcaṅgulisadisā pañcadhārā hutvā pavattati. Sā tikkhattuṃ anotattaṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā gataṭṭhāne <span class="bld">‘‘āvaṭṭagaṅgā’’</span>ti vuccati, ujukaṃ pāsāṇapiṭṭhena saṭṭhi yojanāni gataṭṭhāne <span class="bld">‘‘kaṇhagaṅgā’’</span>ti, ākāsena saṭṭhi yojanāni gataṭṭhāne <span class="bld">‘‘ākāsagaṅgā’’</span>ti, tiyaggaḷapāsāṇe paññāsayojanokāse ṭhitā <span class="bld">‘‘tiyaggaḷapokkharaṇī’’</span>ti, kūlaṃ bhinditvā pāsāṇaṃ pavisitvā saṭṭhi yojanāni gataṭṭhāne <span class="bld">‘‘bahalagaṅgā’’</span>ti, umaṅgena saṭṭhi yojanāni gataṭṭhāne <span class="bld">‘‘umaṅgagaṅgā’’</span>ti vuccati. Viñjhaṃ nāma tiracchānapabbataṃ paharitvā pañcadhārā hutvā pavattaṭṭhāne pana gaṅgā yamunā aciravatī sarabhū mahīti pañcadhā saṅkhyaṃ gatā. Evametā pañca mahānadiyo himavantato pabhavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Chaddantadahassa <a name="V1.0227"></a> pana (jā. aṭṭha. 5.16.chaddantajātakavaṇṇanā) majjhe dvādasayojanappamāṇe ṭhāne sevālo vā paṇakaṃ vā natthi, maṇikkhandhavaṇṇaṃ udakameva santiṭṭhati, tadanantaraṃ yojanavitthataṃ suddhakallahāravanaṃ taṃ udakaṃ parikkhipitvā ṭhitaṃ, tadanantaraṃ yojanavitthatameva suddhanīluppalavanaṃ taṃ parikkhipitvā ṭhitaṃ, yojanayojanavitthatāneva rattuppalasetuppalarattapadumasetapadumakumudavanāni purimaṃ purimaṃ parikkhipitvā ṭhitāni, imesaṃ pana sattannaṃ vanānaṃ anantaraṃ sabbesampi kallahārādīnaṃ vasena vomissakavanaṃ yojanavitthatameva tāni parikkhipitvā ṭhitaṃ, tadanantaraṃ nāgānaṃ kaṭippamāṇe udake yojanavitthatameva rattasālivanaṃ, tadanantaraṃ udakapariyante nīlapītalohitodātasurabhisukhumakusumasamākiṇṇaṃ khuddakagacchavananti imāni dasa vanāni yojanayojanavitthatāneva. Tato khuddakarājamāsamahārājamāsamuggavanaṃ, tadanantaraṃ tipusaeḷālukaalābukumbhaṇḍavallivanāni, tato pūgarukkhappamāṇaṃ ucchuvanaṃ, tato hatthidantappamāṇaphalaṃ kadalivanaṃ, tato sālavanaṃ, tadanantaraṃ cāṭippamāṇaphalaṃ panasavanaṃ, tato madhuraphalaṃ ambavanaṃ, tato ciñcavanaṃ, tato kapiṭṭhavanaṃ, tato vomissako mahāvanasaṇḍo, tato veṇuvanaṃ, veṇuvanaṃ pana parikkhipitvā satta <a name="M1.0258"></a> pabbatā ṭhitā, tesaṃ bāhirantato paṭṭhāya paṭhamo cūḷakāḷapabbato nāma, dutiyo mahākāḷapabbato nāma, tato udakapassapabbato nāma, tato candapassapabbato nāma, tato sūriyapassapabbato nāma, tato maṇipassapabbato nāma, sattamo suvaṇṇapassapabbato nāma. So ubbedhato sattayojaniko chaddantadahaṃ parikkhipitvā pattassa mukhavaṭṭi viya ṭhito. Tassa abbhantarimapassaṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ, tato nikkhantena obhāsena chaddantadaho samuggatabālasūriyo viya hoti. Bāhirimapabbatesu pana eko ubbedhato cha yojanāni, eko pañca, eko cattāri, eko tīṇi, eko dve, eko yojanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ sattapabbataparikkhittassa pana tassa dahassa pubbuttarakaṇṇe udakavātappaharaṇokāse mahānigrodharukkho, tassa khandho parikkhepato pañcayojaniko, ubbedhato sattayojaniko. Catūsu disāsu catasso sākhāyo chachayojanikā, uddhaṃ uggatasākhāpi chayojanikāva. Iti so mūlato paṭṭhāya ubbedhena terasayojaniko sākhānaṃ orimantato yāva pārimantā dvādasayojaniko aṭṭhahi pārohasahassehi paṭimaṇḍito muṇḍamaṇipabbato viya vilāsamāno tiṭṭhati. Chaddantadahassa pana pacchimadisābhāge suvaṇṇapabbate dvādasayojanikā kañcanaguhā. Chaddanto nāgarājā vassāratte aṭṭhasahassanāgaparivuto kañcanaguhāyaṃ vasati, gimhakāle udakavātaṃ sampaṭicchamāno mahānigrodhamūle pārohantare tiṭṭhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mandākiniyā <a name="V1.0228"></a> pana majjhe pañcavīsatiyojanamatte ṭhāne sevālo vā paṇakaṃ vā natthi, phalikavaṇṇaṃ udakameva hoti, tato paraṃ pana nāgānaṃ kaṭippamāṇe udake aḍḍhayojanavitthataṃ setapadumavanaṃ taṃ udakaṃ parikkhipitvā ṭhitaṃ. Tattha muḷālaṃ naṅgalasīsamattaṃ hoti, bhisaṃ mahābheripokkharappamāṇaṃ hoti. Tassa ekekasmiṃ pabbantare āḷhakappamāṇaṃ khīraṃ hoti. Padumānaṃ pupphasamaye vāto reṇuvaṭṭiṃ uṭṭhāpetvā paduminīpattesu ṭhapeti, tattha udakaphusitāni patanti, tato ādiccapākena paccitvā pakkaayoghaṭikā viya pokkharamadhu tiṭṭhati, tadanantaraṃ tāvamahantameva rattapadumavanaṃ, tadanantaraṃ rattakumudavanaṃ, tadanantaraṃ setakumudavanaṃ<a name="M1.0259"></a>, tadanantaraṃ nīluppalavanaṃ, tadanantaraṃ rattuppalavanaṃ, tadanantaraṃ sugandhasālivanaṃ, tadanantaraṃ eḷālukaalābukumbhaṇḍādīni madhurarasāni valliphalāni, tadanantaraṃ aḍḍhayojanavitthatameva ucchuvanaṃ, tattha pūgarukkhakkhandhappamāṇaṃ ucchu. Tadanantaraṃ kadalivanaṃ, yato duve pakkāni khādantā kilamanti. Tadanantaraṃ cāṭippamāṇaphalaṃ panasavanaṃ, tadanantaraṃ ambavanaṃ, jambuvanaṃ, kapiṭṭhavananti saṅkhepato tasmiṃ dahe khāditabbayuttakaṃ phalaṃ nāma natthīti na vattabbaṃ. Iti imasmiṃ himavati vijjamānakasattamahāsarappabhutīnaṃ pamāṇasaṇṭhānādibhedaṃ sabbameva visesaṃ bhagavā sabbathā avedi aññāsi paṭivijjhiyevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tipañcayojanakkhandhaparikkhepā</span>ti pannarasayojanappamāṇakkhandhaparikkhepā, khandhassa pariṇāho pannarasayojanappamāṇoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Nagavhayā</span>ti nagasaddena avhātabbā, rukkhābhidhānāti attho. Rukkho hi na gacchatīti nagoti vuccati. Nagavhayā jambūti yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Paññāsayojanakkhandhasākhāyāmā</span>ti ubbedhato paññāsayojanappamāṇakkhandhāyāmā ubbedhato samantato ca paññāsayojanasākhāyāmā ca. Tato eva <span class="bld">satayojanavitthiṇṇā, tāvadeva ca uggatā</span>. Jamburukkhassa hi mūlato paṭṭhāya yāva sākhāviṭapā, tāva paṇṇāsa yojanāni, tato parampi ujukaṃ uggatasākhā paṇṇāsa yojanāni, samantato ca ekekā sākhā paṇṇāsa paṇṇāsa yojanāni vaḍḍhitāni. Tāsu pana mahantā mahantā nadiyo sandanti, tāsaṃ nadīnaṃ ubhayatīre jambupakkānaṃ patitaṭṭhāne suvaṇṇaṅkurā uṭṭhahanti, te nadījalena vuyhamānā anupubbena mahāsamuddaṃ pavisanti, tatoyeva jambunadiyaṃ nibbattattā ‘‘jambunada’’nti taṃ suvaṇṇaṃ vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yassānubhāvenā</span>ti yassā mahantatā kappaṭṭhāyikādippakārena pabhāvena. Yañcetaṃ jambuyā pamāṇaṃ, etadeva asurānaṃ cittapāṭaliyā, garuḷānaṃ simbalirukkhassa, aparagoyāne kadambassa, uttarakurūsu kapparukkhassa, pubbavidehe sirīsassa, tāvatiṃsesu pāricchattakassāti. Tenāhu porāṇā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pāṭalī <a name="V1.0229"></a> simbalī jambū, devānaṃ pārichattako;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kadambo kapparukkho ca, sirīsena bhavati sattama’’nti. (visuddhi. 1.137; a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.322);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha <a name="M1.0260"></a> <span class="bld">sirīsena bhavati sattama</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">sirīsenā</span>ti paccatte karaṇavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Sattama</span>nti liṅgavipallāsena vuttaṃ, sirīso bhavati sattamoti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cakkavāḷasiluccayo</span>ti cakkavāḷapabbato. <span class="bld">Parikkhipitvā taṃ sabbaṃ, lokadhātumayaṃ ṭhito</span>ti heṭṭhā vuttaṃ sabbampi taṃ parikkhipitvā cakkavāḷasiluccayo patiṭṭhito, ayaṃ ekā lokadhātu nāmāti attho. Ma-kāro padasandhivasena āgato. ‘‘Taṃ sabbaṃ lokadhātuṃ parikkhipitvā ayaṃ cakkavāḷasiluccayo ṭhito’’ti evampettha sambandhaṃ vadanti, evaṃ vuttepi cakkavāḷapabbatopi lokadhātuyevāti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tissaṃ lokadhātuyaṃ. <span class="bld">Candamaṇḍalaṃ ekūnapaññāsayojana</span>nti ujukaṃ āyāmato vitthārato ubbedhato ca ekūnapaññāsayojanaṃ, parimaṇḍalato pana tīhi yojanehi ūnadiyaḍḍhasatayojanaṃ. <span class="bld">Sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ paññāsayojana</span>nti etthāpi candamaṇḍale vuttanayeneva ujukaṃ paññāsayojananti veditabbaṃ, parimaṇḍalato pana diyaḍḍhasatayojanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tesu pana candamaṇḍalaṃ (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 3.121) heṭṭhā, sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ upari, antarā nesaṃ yojanaṃ hoti. Candassa heṭṭhimantato sūriyassa uparimantaṃ yojanasataṃ hoti, candavimānaṃ anto maṇimayaṃ, bahi rajatena parikkhittaṃ, anto ca bahi ca sītalameva hoti. Sūriyavimānaṃ anto kanakamayaṃ, bāhiraṃ phalikaparikkhittaṃ hoti, anto ca bahi ca uṇhameva. Cando ujukaṃ saṇikaṃ gacchati. So hi amāvāsiyaṃ sūriyena saddhiṃ gacchanto divase divase thokaṃ thokaṃ ohīyanto puṇṇamāsiyaṃ upaḍḍhamaggato ohīyati, tiriyaṃ pana sīghaṃ gacchati. Tathā hesa ekasmiṃ māse kadāci dakkhiṇato, kadāci uttarato dissati, candassa ubhosu passesu nakkhattatārakā gacchanti, cando dhenu viya vacchaṃ taṃ taṃ nakkhattaṃ upasaṅkamati, nakkhattāni pana attano gamanaṭṭhānaṃ na vijahanti, attano vīthiyāva gacchanti. Sūriyassa pana ujukaṃ gamanaṃ sīghaṃ, tiriyaṃ gamanaṃ dandhaṃ. Tiriyaṃ gamanaṃ nāma dakkhiṇadisato uttaradisāya, uttaradisato dakkhiṇadisāya gamanaṃ, taṃ dandhaṃ chahi chahi māsehi ijjhanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sūriyo <a name="V1.0230"></a> kāḷapakkhauposathe candena saheva gantvā tato paraṃ pāṭipadadivase yojanānaṃ satasahassaṃ candamaṇḍalaṃ ohāya gacchati attano <a name="M1.0261"></a> sīghagāmitāya tassa ca dandhagāmitāya, atha cando lekhā viya paññāyati. Tato parampi pakkhassa dutiyāya yojanānaṃ satasahassaṃ candamaṇḍalaṃ ohāya gacchati. Evaṃ divase divase yāva sukkapakkhauposathadivasā satasahassaṃ satasahassaṃ ohāya gacchati, atha cando anukkamena vaḍḍhitvā uposathadivase paripuṇṇo hoti. Anukkamena vaḍḍhanañcettha uparibhāgato patitasūriyālokatāya heṭṭhato pavattāya sūriyassa dūrabhāvena divase divase anukkamena parihāyamānāya attano chāyāya vasena anukkamena caṇḍamaṇḍalappadesassa vaḍḍhamānassa viya dissamānatāyāti veditabbaṃ, tasmā anukkamena vaḍḍhitvā viya uposathadivase puṇṇamāyaṃ paripuṇṇamaṇḍalo hutvā dissati. Atha sūriyo pāṭipadadivase yojanānaṃ satasahassaṃ dhāvitvā puna candamaṇḍalaṃ gaṇhāti candassa dandhagatitāya attano ca sīghagatitāya, tathā dutiyāya satasahassanti evaṃ yāva uposathadivasā satasahassaṃ satasahassaṃ dhāvitvā gaṇhāti. Atha cando anukkamena hāyitvā kāḷapakkhauposathadivase sabbaso na paññāyati, anukkamena hāyamānatā cettha anukkamena vaḍḍhamānatāya vuttanayena veditabbā. Tattha pana chāyāya hāyamānatāya maṇḍalaṃ vaḍḍhamānaṃ viya dissati, idha ca chāyāya vaḍḍhamānatāya maṇḍalaṃ hāyamānaṃ viya dissati, tasmā anukkamena hāyitvā viya uposathadivase sabbaso na paññāyati. Candaṃ heṭṭhā katvā sūriyo upari hoti, mahatiyā pātiyā khuddakabhājanaṃ viya candamaṇḍalaṃ pidhīyati, majjhanhike gehacchāyā viya candassa chāyā na paññāyati. So chāyāya apaññāyamānāya dūre ṭhitānaṃ divā padīpo viya sayampi na paññāyati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imesaṃ pana ajavīthi nāgavīthi govīthīti tisso gamanavīthiyo honti. Tattha ajānaṃ udakaṃ paṭikūlaṃ hoti, hatthināgānaṃ manāpaṃ, gunnaṃ sītuṇhasamatāya phāsu hoti. Tathā ca yāya vīthiyā sūriye gacchante vassavalāhakadevaputtā sūriyābhitāpasantattā attano vimānato na nikkhamanti, kīḷāpasutā hutvā na vicaranti, tadā kira sūriyavimānaṃ pakatimaggato adho otaritvā vicarati, tassa oruyha caraṇeneva candavimānampi adho oruyha carati taggatikattā, tasmā <a name="M1.0262"></a> sā vīthi udakābhāvena ajānurūpatāya <span class="bld">‘‘ajavīthī’’</span>ti samaññā gatā. Yāya pana vīthiyā sūriye gacchante vassavalāhakadevaputtā sūriyābhitāpābhāvato abhiṇhaṃ attano vimānato bahi nikkhamitvā kīḷāpasutā hutvā ito cito ca vicaranti, tadā kira sūriyavimānaṃ pakatimaggato uddhaṃ āruhitvā vicarati, tassa uddhaṃ āruyha caraṇeneva candavimānampi uddhaṃ āruyha carati taggatikattā, taggatikatā ca samānagati nāma <a name="V1.0231"></a> vātamaṇḍalena vimānassa phellitabbattā, tasmā sā vīthi udakabahubhāvena nāgānurūpatāya <span class="bld">‘‘nāgavīthī’’</span>ti samaññā gatā. Yadā sūriyo uddhaṃ anārohanto adho ca anotaranto pakatimaggeneva gacchati, tadā vassavalāhakā yathākālaṃ yathāruciñca vimānato nikkhamitvā sukhena vicaranti, tena kālena kālaṃ vassanato loke utusamatā hoti, tāya utusamatāya hetubhūtāya sā candimasūriyānaṃ gati gavānurūpatāya <span class="bld">‘‘govīthī’’</span>ti samaññā gatā. Tasmā yaṃ kālaṃ candimasūriyā ajavīthiṃ āruhanti, tadā devo ekabindumpi na vassati. Yadā nāgavīthiṃ ārohanti, tadā bhinnaṃ viya nabhaṃ paggharati. Yadā govīthiṃ ārohanti, tadā utusamatā sampajjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadā pana rājāno adhammikā honti, tesaṃ adhammikatāya uparājasenāpatippabhutayo sabbe devā brahmāno ca adhammikā honti, tadā tesaṃ adhammikatāya visamaṃ candimasūriyā parivattanti. Tadā hi bahvābādhatādianiṭṭhaphalūpanissayabhūtassa yathāvuttassa adhammikatāsaññitassa sādhāraṇassa pāpakammassa balena visamaṃ vāyantena vāyunā phelliyamānā candimasūriyā sineruṃ parikkhipantā visamaṃ parivattanti, yathāmaggena na pavattanti. Vāto yathāmaggena na vāyati, ayathāmaggena vāyati, ayathāmaggena vāyanto ākāsaṭṭhavimānāni khobheti, vimānesu khobhitesu devatānaṃ kīḷanatthāya cittāni na namanti, cittesu anamantesu sītuṇhabhedo utu yathākālena na sampajjati, tasmiṃ asampajjante na sammā devo vassati, kadāci vassati, kadāci na vassati, katthaci vassati, katthaci na vassati. Vassantopi vappakāle aṅkurakāle nāḷakāle pupphakāle khīraggahaṇādikālesu yathā yathā <a name="M1.0263"></a> sassānaṃ upakāro na hoti, tathā tathā vassati ca vigacchati ca. Tena sassāni visamapākāni honti vigatagandharasādisampadāni, ekabhājane pakkhittataṇḍulesupi ekasmiṃ padese bhattaṃ uttaṇḍulaṃ hoti, ekasmiṃ atikilinnaṃ, ekasmiṃ samapākaṃ. Taṃ paribhuttaṃ kucchiyampi sabbaso apariṇataṃ, ekadesena pariṇataṃ, supariṇatanti evaṃ tīhiyeva pakārehi paccati, pakkāsayaṃ na sammā upagacchati. Tena sattā bahvābādhā ceva honti appāyukā ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dhammikānaṃ pana rājūnaṃ kāle vuttavipariyāyena candimasūriyā samaṃ parivattanti, yathāmaggena pavattanti, utusamatā ca sampajjati, candimasūriyā cha māse sineruto bahi nikkhamanti, cha māse anto vicaranti. Tathā hi sinerusamīpena taṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā gacchantā cha māse tato gamanavīthito bahi attano tiriyaṃ gamanena cakkavāḷābhimukhā nikkhamanti<a name="V1.0232"></a>. Evaṃ cha māse khaṇe khaṇe sineruto apasakkanavasena tato nikkhamitvā cakkavāḷasamīpaṃ pattā. Tatopi cha māse khaṇe khaṇe apasakkanavasena nikkhamitvā sinerusamīpaṃ pāpuṇantā anto vicaranti. Te hi āsāḷhīmāse sinerusamīpena caranti, tato dve māse nikkhamitvā bahi caranti. Paṭhamakattikamāse majjhena gacchanti, tato cakkavāḷābhimukhā gantvā tayo māse cakkavāḷasamīpena vicaritvā puna nikkhamitvā citramāse majjhena gantvā tato pare dve māse sineruabhimukhā pakkhanditvā puna āsāḷhe sinerusamīpena caranti. Ettha ca sinerussa cakkavāḷassa ca yaṃ ṭhānaṃ vemajjhaṃ, tassa sinerussa ca yaṃ ṭhānaṃ vemajjhaṃ, tena gacchantā sinerusamīpena carantīti veditabbā, na sinerussa aggālindaṃ allīnā, cakkavāḷasamīpena caraṇampi imināva nayena veditabbaṃ. Yadā pana sinerussa cakkavāḷassa ujukaṃ vemajjhena gacchanti, tadā vemajjhena vicarantīti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ vicarantā ca ekappahārena tīsupi dīpesu ālokaṃ karonti. Ekekāya disāya nava nava yojanasatasahassāni andhakāraṃ vidhamitvā ālokaṃ dassenti. Kathaṃ? Imasmiñhi dīpe sūriyuggamanakālo pubbavidehe majjhanhiko hoti, uttarakurūsu atthaṅgamanakālo, aparagoyāne majjhimayāmo, pubbavidehamhi uggamanakālo uttarakurūsu majjhanhiko, aparagoyāne atthaṅgamanakālo, idha majjhimayāmo, uttarakurūsu <a name="M1.0264"></a> uggamanakālo aparagoyāne majjhanhiko, idha atthaṅgamanakālo, pubbavidehe majjhimayāmo, aparagoyānadīpe uggamanakālo idha majjhanhiko, pubbavidehadīpe atthaṅgamanakālo, uttarakurūsu majjhimayāmo. Imasmiñhi dīpe ṭhitamajjhanhikavelāyaṃ pubbavidehavāsīnaṃ atthaṅgamanavasena upaḍḍhaṃ sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ paññāyati, aparagoyānavāsīnaṃ uggamanavasena upaḍḍhaṃ paññāyati. Evaṃ sesadīpesupi. Iti imināva pakārena tīsu dīpesu ekappahāreneva candimasūriyā ālokaṃ dassentīti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ito aññathā pana dvīsu eva dīpesu ekappahāreneva ālokaṃ dassenti. Yasmiñhi dīpe atthaṅgamanavasena upaḍḍhaṃ sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ paññāyati, atthaṅgamite tattha na paññāyati, ālokaṃ na dasseti, dvīsu eva dīpesu ekappahārena ubhayaṃ. Ekekāya disāya nava nava yojanasatasahassāni andhakāravidhamanampi imināva nayena daṭṭhabbaṃ. Imasmiñhi dīpe ṭhitamajjhanhikavelāyaṃ pubbavidehavāsīnaṃ atthaṅgamanavasena upaḍḍhaṃ sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ paññāyatīti pubbavidehe navayojanasatasahassappamāṇe ṭhāne andhakāraṃ vidhamitvā ālokaṃ dasseti, tathā aparagoyāne uggamanavasena tatthāpi upaḍḍhasseva paññāyamānattā. Pubbavidehānaṃ pana atthaṅgamite na <a name="V1.0233"></a> paññāyatīti dvīsu dīpesu sabbattha andhakāraṃ vidhamitvā ālokaṃ dasseti aparagoyānepi uggate sūriye sabbattha andhakāravidhamanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pātubhavantā ca candimasūriyā ekatova loke pātubhavanti, tesu sūriyo paṭhamataraṃ paññāyati. Paṭhamakappikānañhi sattānaṃ sayaṃpabhāya antarahitāya andhakāro ahosi. Te bhītatasitā ‘‘bhaddakaṃ vatassa, sace añño āloko bhaveyyā’’ti cintayiṃsu. Tato mahājanassa sūrabhāvaṃ janayamānaṃ sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ uṭṭhahi, tenevassa <span class="bld">‘‘sūriyo’’</span>ti nāmaṃ ahosi. Tasmiṃ divasaṃ ālokaṃ katvā atthaṅgamite puna andhakāro ahosi. Te bhītatasitā ‘‘bhaddakaṃ vatassa, sace añño āloko uppajjeyyā’’ti cintayiṃsu. Atha nesaṃ chandaṃ ñatvā viya candamaṇḍalaṃ uṭṭhahi, tenevassa <span class="bld">‘‘cando’’</span>ti nāmaṃ ahosi. Evaṃ candimasūriyesu pātubhūtesu nakkhattāni tārakarūpāni pātubhavanti<a name="M1.0265"></a>, tato pabhuti rattindivā paññāyanti. Anukkamena ca māsaḍḍhamāsautusaṃvaccharā jāyanti. Candimasūriyānaṃ pana pātubhūtadivaseyeva sinerucakkavāḷahimavantapabbatā cattāro ca dīpā pātubhavanti, te ca kho apubbaṃ acarimaṃ phagguṇapuṇṇamadivaseyeva pātubhavantīti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā cettha ‘‘ekaṃ cakkavāḷaṃ āyāmato ca vitthārato ca yojanānaṃ dvādasa satasahassāni tīṇi sahassāni cattāri satāni paññāsañca yojanānī’’ti <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.1 verañjakaṇḍavaṇṇanā) vuttaṃ, tasmā vuttappamāṇato imassa cakkavāḷassa sinerupatiṭṭhitokāse caturāsīti yojanasahassāni parato yāva cakkavāḷapabbatā uttaradisābhāgappamāṇañca pahāya imissā dakkhiṇadisāya –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sinerucakkavāḷānaṃ, antaraṃ parimāṇato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pañca satasahassāni, sahassānūnasaṭṭhi ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Satāni satta ñeyyāni, pañcavīsuttarāni ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Majjhavīthigato nāma, tattha vemajjhago ravi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Majjhato yāva merumhā, cakkavāḷānamantare;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vemajjhago yadā hoti, ubhayantagato tadā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Majjhato <a name="V1.0234"></a> yāva merumhā, cakkavāḷā ca pabbatā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Duve satasahassāni, sahassānūnasīti ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Aṭṭhasataṃ duve saṭṭhi, yojanāni dvigāvutaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ubhato antato meru-cakkavāḷānamantare.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ekaṃ satasahassañca, sahassānūnatālīsaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Navasatānekatiṃsa, yojanāni ca gāvutaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pamāṇato samantā ca, maṇḍalaṃ majjhavīthiyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Satasahassānūnavīsa, sahassānekatiṃsa ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Satamekañca viññeyyaṃ, pañcasattati uttaraṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dakkhiṇaṃ uttarañcāpi, gacchanto pana bhāṇumā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Majjhavīthippamāṇena<a name="M1.0266"></a>, maṇḍaleneva gacchati;</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gacchanto ca panevaṃ so, oruyhoruyha heṭṭhato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Āruyhāruyha uddhañca, yato gacchati sabbadā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tato gativasenassa, dūramaddhānamāsi taṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tiṃsa satasahassāni, yojanāni pamāṇato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā so parito yāti, tattakaṃva dine dine.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sahassamekaṃ pañcasataṃ, catupaññāsayojanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tigāvutaṃ terasūsabhaṃ, tettiṃsa ratanāni ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Aṭṭhaṅgulāni ca tiriyaṃ, gacchatekadine ravi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Chatālīsasahassāni, cha satāni tigāvutaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yojanānaṃ <a name="V1.0235"></a> titālīsaṃ, māsenekena gacchati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tenavutisahassāni, dvisataṃ sattasīti ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Gāvutāni duve cāpi, dvīhi māsehi gacchati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Imāya gatiyā anta-vīthito vīthiantimaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Gacchati chahi māsehi, timāsehi ca majjhimaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sinerusantike anta-vīthito pana bhāṇumā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Āgacchanto dvimāsehi, assa dīpassa majjhago.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā sīhaḷadīpassa, majjhato meruantaraṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Duve satasahassāni, dvisatenādhikāni tu.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tettiṃsañca sahassāni, aṭṭhārasa tigāvutaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Cakkavāḷantarañcassa, dīpasseva ca majjhato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tīṇi satasahassāni, sahassāni chavīsati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Cha uttarāni pañceva, satānekañca gāvutanti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamettha ayampi viseso veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ dasasahassayojana</span>nti ettha tettiṃsa sahapuññakārino ettha nibbattāti taṃsahacaritaṭṭhānaṃ tettiṃsaṃ, tadeva tāvatiṃsaṃ<a name="M1.0267"></a>, taṃ nivāso etesanti tāvatiṃsā, devā, tesaṃ bhavanaṃ tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ. Tathā hi maghena māṇavena saddhiṃ macalagāmake kālaṃ katvā tattha uppanne tettiṃsa devaputte upādāya assa devalokassa ayaṃ paṇṇatti jātāti vadanti. Atha vā yasmā sesacakkavāḷesupi cha kāmāvacaradevalokā atthi. Vuttampi cetaṃ ‘‘sahassaṃ cātumahārājikānaṃ sahassaṃ tāvatiṃsāna’’nti. Tasmā nāmapaṇṇattiyevesā tassa devalokassāti veditabbā. <span class="bld">Dasasahassayojana</span>nti idaṃ pana sakkapuraṃ sandhāya vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Tathā hi tāvatiṃsakāyikā devā atthi pabbataṭṭhakā, atthi ākāsaṭṭhakā, tesaṃ paramparā cakkavāḷapabbataṃ pattā, tathā cātumahārājikānaṃ yāmādīnañca. Ekadevalokepi hi devānaṃ paramparā <a name="V1.0236"></a> cakkavāḷapabbataṃ appattā nāma natthi. Idaṃ pana tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ sinerussa uparimatale dasasahassayojanike ṭhāne patiṭṭhitanti veditabbaṃ. Tassa pācīnapacchimadvārānaṃ antarā dasayojanasahassaṃ hoti, tathā dakkhiṇuttaradvārānaṃ. Taṃ kho pana nagaraṃ dvārasahassayuttaṃ ahosi ārāmapokkharaṇīpaṭimaṇḍitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassa majjhe (dha. pa. aṭṭha. 1.29 maghavatthu) tiyojanasatubbedhehi, dhajehi paṭimaṇḍito sattaratanamayo sattayojanasatubbedho sakkassa <span class="bld">vejayanto</span> nāma pāsādo. Tattha suvaṇṇayaṭṭhīsu maṇidhajā ahesuṃ, maṇiyaṭṭhīsu suvaṇṇadhajā, pavāḷayaṭṭhīsu muttadhajā, muttayaṭṭhīsu pavāḷadhajā, sattaratanamayāsu yaṭṭhīsu sattaratanamayā dhajā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Diyaḍḍhayojanasatāyāmo <span class="bld">vejayantaratho</span> (saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.249 ādayo). Tassa hi pacchimanto paṇṇāsayojano, majjhe rathapañjaro paṇṇāsayojano, rathasandhito yāva rathasīsā paṇṇāseva yojanāni. Tadeva pamāṇaṃ diguṇaṃ katvā ‘‘tiyojanasatāyāmo’’tipi vadantiyeva. Tasmiṃ yojanikapallaṅko atthato tiṭṭhati. Tattha tiyojanikaṃ setacchattaṃ, ekasmiṃyeva yuge sahassaājaññayuttaṃ. Sesālaṅkārassa pamāṇaṃ natthi. Dhajo panassa aḍḍhatiyāni yojanasatāni uggato, yassa vātāhatassa pañcaṅgikatūriyasseva saddo niccharati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sakkassa pana <span class="bld">erāvaṇo</span> nāma hatthī diyaḍḍhayojanasatiko, sopi devaputtoyeva. Na hi devalokasmiṃ tiracchānagatā honti, tasmā so <a name="M1.0268"></a> uyyānakīḷāya nikkhamanakāle attabhāvaṃ vijahitvā diyaḍḍhayojanasatiko erāvaṇo nāma hatthī hoti. So tettiṃsakumbhe māpeti āvaṭṭena gāvutaaḍḍhayojanappamāṇe, sabbesaṃ majjhe sakkassa atthāya sudassanaṃ nāma tiṃsayojanikaṃ kumbhaṃ māpeti. Tassa upari dvādasayojaniko ratanamaṇḍapo hoti. Tattha antarantarā sattaratanamayā yojanubbedhā dhajā uṭṭhahanti. Pariyante kiṅkiṇikajālā olambanti, yassa mandavāteritassa pañcaṅgikatūriyasaddasadiso dibbagītasaddo viya ravo niccharati. Maṇḍapamajjhe sakkassa yojaniko maṇipallaṅko paññatto hoti, tattha sakko nisīdati. Tettiṃsāya kumbhānaṃ ekekasmiṃ kumbhe satta satta dante māpeti, tesu ekeko paṇṇāsayojanāyāmo. Ekekasmiñcettha dante satta satta pokkharaṇiyo honti, ekekāya pokkharaṇiyā satta satta paduminīgacchā, ekekasmiṃ gacche satta satta pupphāni honti, ekekassa pupphassa satta satta pattāni, ekekasmiṃ patte satta satta devadhītaro naccanti. Evaṃ samantā paṇṇāsayojanaṭṭhāne hatthidantesuyeva naccanaṭasamajjo hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nandā</span> <a name="V1.0237"></a> nāma pana pokkharaṇī paññāsayojanā. ‘‘Pañcasatayojanikā’’tipi vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cittalatāvanaṃ</span> pana saṭṭhiyojanikaṃ. ‘‘Pañcayojanasatika’’ntipi vadanti. Taṃ pana dibbarukkhasahassapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ, tathā <span class="bld">nandanavanaṃ phārusakavanañca</span>. Sakko panettha accharāsaṅghaparivuto saṭṭhiyojanikaṃ suvaṇṇamahāvīthiṃ otaritvā nakkhattaṃ kīḷanto nandanavanādīsu vicarati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pāricchattako</span> pana koviḷāro samantā tiyojanasataparimaṇḍalo pañcadasayojanapariṇāhakkhandho yojanasatubbedho. Tassa mūle saṭṭhiyojanāyāmā paññāsayojanavitthārā pañcadasayojanubbedhā jayasumanapupphakavaṇṇā <span class="bld">paṇḍukambalasilā,</span> yassā mudutāya sakkassa nisīdato upaḍḍhakāyo anupavisati, uṭṭhitakāle ūnaṃ paripūrati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sudhammā</span> <a name="M1.0269"></a> nāma devasabhā āyāmato ca vitthārato ca tiyojanasatikā, parikkhepato navayojanasatikā, ubbedhato pañcayojanasatikā, tassā phalikamayā bhūmi, thambhatulāsaṅghāṭādīsu vāḷarūpādisaṅghaṭṭanakaāṇiyo maṇimayā, suvaṇṇamayā thambhā, rajatamayā thambhaghaṭakā ca saṅghāṭañca, pavāḷamayāni vāḷarūpāni, sattaratanamayā gopānasiyo ca pakkhapāsā ca mukhavaṭṭi ca, indanīlaiṭṭhakāhi chadanaṃ, sovaṇṇamayaṃ chadanavidhaṃ, rajatamayā thupikā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Āsāvatī</span> nāma ekā latā atthi, ‘‘sā pupphissatī’’ti devā vassasahassaṃ upaṭṭhānaṃ gacchanti, pāricchattake pupphamāne ekaṃ vassaṃ upaṭṭhānaṃ gacchanti. Te tassa paṇḍupalāsādibhāvato paṭṭhāya attamanā honti. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yasmiṃ, bhikkhave, samaye devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ pāricchattako koviḷāro paṇḍupalāso hoti, attamanā, bhikkhave, devā tāvatiṃsā tasmiṃ samaye honti ‘paṇḍupalāso dāni pāricchattako koviḷāro, na cirasseva dāni pannapalāso bhavissatī’’’tiādi (a. ni. 7.69).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbapāliphullassa pana pāricchattakassa koviḷārassa samantā pañca yojanasatāni ābhā pharati, anuvātaṃ yojanasataṃ gandho gacchati. Pupphite pāricchattake ārohaṇakiccaṃ vā aṅkusaṃ gahetvā nāmanakiccaṃ vā pupphāharaṇatthaṃ caṅkoṭakakiccaṃ vā natthi. Kantanakavāto uṭṭhahitvā <a name="V1.0238"></a> pupphāni vaṇṭato kantati, sampaṭicchanakavāto sampaṭicchati, pavesanakavāto sudhammadevasabhaṃ paveseti, sammajjanakavāto purāṇapupphāni nīharati, santharaṇakavāto pattakaṇṇikakesarāni racento santharati, majjhaṭṭhāne dhammāsanaṃ hoti yojanappamāṇo ratanapallaṅko, tassa upari dhāriyamānaṃ tiyojanikaṃ setacchattaṃ, tadanantaraṃ sakkassa devarañño āsanaṃ attharīyati, tato bāttiṃsāya devaputtānaṃ, tato aññesaṃ mahesakkhadevatānaṃ. Aññesaṃ devatānaṃ pana pupphakaṇṇikāva āsanaṃ hoti. Devā devasabhaṃ pavisitvā nisīdanti. Tato pupphehi reṇuvaṭṭi uggantvā upari kaṇṇikaṃ āhacca nipatamānā devatānaṃ tigāvutappamāṇaṃ <a name="M1.0270"></a> attabhāvaṃ lākhāparikammasajjitaṃ viya karoti, tesaṃ sā kīḷā catūhi māsehi pariyosānaṃ gacchati. Iti imāhi sampattīhi samannāgataṃ tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ bhagavā sabbathā avedīti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tathā asurabhavana</span>nti ettha devā viya na suranti na īsaranti na virocantīti asurā. Surā nāma devā, tesaṃ paṭipakkhāti vā asurā. Sakko kira macalagāmake magho nāma māṇavo hutvā tettiṃsa purise gahetvā kalyāṇakammaṃ karonto satta vattapadāni pūretvā tattha kālakato devaloke nibbatti saddhiṃ parisāya. Tato pubbadevā ‘‘āgantukadevaputtā āgatā, sakkāraṃ nesaṃ karomā’’ti vatvā dibbapadumāni upanāmesuṃ, upaḍḍharajjena ca nimantesuṃ. Sakko upaḍḍharajjena asantuṭṭho ahosi, atha nevāsikā ‘‘āgantukadevaputtānaṃ sakkāraṃ karomā’’ti gandhapānaṃ sajjayiṃsu. Sakko sakaparisāya saññaṃ adāsi ‘‘mārisā mā gandhapānaṃ pivittha, pivamānākāramattameva dassethā’’ti. Te tathā akaṃsu. Nevāsikadevatā suvaṇṇasarakehi upanītaṃ gandhapānaṃ yāvadatthaṃ pivitvā mattā tattha tattha suvaṇṇapathaviyaṃ patitvā sayiṃsu. Sakko ‘‘gaṇhatha dhutte, haratha dhutte’’ti te pādesu gāhāpetvā sinerupāde khipāpesi. Sakkassa puññatejena tadanuvattakāpi sabbe tattheva patiṃsu. Atha nesaṃ kammapaccayautusamuṭṭhānaṃ sinerussa heṭṭhimatale dasayojanasahassaṃ asurabhavanaṃ nibbatti pāricchattakapaṭicchannabhūtāya citrapāṭaliyā upasobhitaṃ. Sakko tesaṃ nivattitvā anāgamanatthāya ārakkhaṃ ṭhapesi. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Antarā dvinnaṃ ayujjhapurānaṃ, pañcavidhā ṭhapitā abhirakkhā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Uragakaroṭipayassa ca hārī, madanayutā caturo ca mahatthā’’ti. (saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.247; jā. aṭṭha. 1.1.31);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="V1.0239"></a> <span class="bld">dvinnaṃ ayujjhapurāna</span>nti dvinnaṃ devāsuranagarānaṃ antarāti attho. Dve kira nagarāni yuddhena gahetuṃ asakkuṇeyyatāya <span class="bld">ayujjhapurāni</span> nāma jātāni. Yadā hi asurā balavanto honti, atha devehi palāyitvā devanagaraṃ pavisitvā dvāre pihite asurānaṃ satasahassampi kiñci <a name="M1.0271"></a> kātuṃ na sakkoti. Yadā devā balavanto honti, atha asurehi palāyitvā asuranagaraṃ pavisitvā dvāre pihite sakkānaṃ satasahassampi kiñci kātuṃ na sakkoti. Iti imāni dve nagarāni ayujjhapurāni nāma. Tesaṃ antarā etesu uragādīsu pañcasu ṭhānesu sakkena ārakkhā ṭhapitā. Tattha <span class="bld">uraga</span>saddena nāgā gahitā. Te udake mahabbalā honti, tasmā sinerussa paṭhamālinde etesaṃ ārakkhā. Sinerussa kira samantato bahalato puthulato ca pañcayojanasahassaparimāṇāni cattāri paribhaṇḍāni tāvatiṃsabhavanassa ārakkhāya nāgehi garuḷehi kumbhaṇḍehi yakkhehi ca adhiṭṭhitāni. Tehi kira sinerussa upaḍḍhaṃ pariyādinnaṃ, etāniyeva ca sinerussa ālindāni mekhalāni ca vuccanti. <span class="bld">Karoṭi</span>saddena supaṇṇā gahitā. Tesaṃ kira karoṭi nāma pānabhojanaṃ, tena nāmaṃ labhiṃsu, dutiyālinde tesaṃ ārakkhā. <span class="bld">Payassahārī</span>saddena kumbhaṇḍā gahitā. Dānavarakkhasā kira te, tatiyālinde tesaṃ ārakkhā. <span class="bld">Madanayuta</span>saddena yakkhā gahitā. Visamacārino kira te yuddhasoṇḍā, catutthālinde tesaṃ ārakkhā. <span class="bld">Caturo ca mahatthā</span>ti cattāro mahārājāno vuttā. Te hi sinerussa tasmiṃ tasmiṃ passe yugandharādīsu pañcasataparittadīpaparivāre mahādīpe ca sāsitabbassa mahato atthassa vasena ‘‘mahatthā’’ti vuccanti, pañcamālinde tesaṃ ārakkhā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Te pana asurā āyuvaṇṇayasaissariyasampattīhi tāvatiṃsasadisāva. Tasmā antarā attānaṃ ajānitvā pāṭaliyā pupphitāya ‘‘nayidaṃ devanagaraṃ, tattha pāricchattako pupphati, idha pana cittapāṭalī, jarasakkena mayaṃ suraṃ pāyetvā vañcitā, devanagarañca no gahitaṃ, gacchāma tena saddhiṃ yujjhissāmā’’ti hatthiassarathe āruyha suvaṇṇarajatamaṇiphalakāni gahetvā yuddhasajjā hutvā asurabheriyo vādentā mahāsamudde udakaṃ dvidhā bhinditvā uṭṭhahanti. Te deve vuṭṭhe vammikamakkhikā vammikaṃ viya sineruṃ abhiruhituṃ ārabhanti. Atha nesaṃ paṭhamaṃ nāgehi saddhiṃ yuddhaṃ hoti. Tasmiṃ kho pana yuddhe na kassaci chavi vā cammaṃ vā chijjati, na lohitaṃ uppajjati, kevalaṃ kumārakānaṃ dārumeṇḍakayuddhaṃ viya aññamaññaṃ santāsanamattameva hoti. Koṭisatāpi koṭisahassāpi nāgā tehi saddhiṃ yujjhitvā asurapuraṃyeva pavesetvā <a name="M1.0272"></a> nivattanti. Sace pana asurā balavanto honti, atha nāgā osakkitvā dutiye ālinde supaṇṇehi saddhiṃ ekato hutvā yujjhanti. Esa nayo supaṇṇādīsupi. Yadā pana tāni pañcapi ṭhānāni asurā maddanti, tadā ekato sampiṇḍitānipi tāni pañca balāni osakkanti<a name="V1.0240"></a>. Atha cattāro mahārājāno gantvā sakkassa pavattiṃ ārocenti. Sakko tesaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā diyaḍḍhayojanasatikaṃ vejayantarathaṃ āruyha sayaṃ vā nikkhamati, ekaṃ vā puttaṃ peseti. Ekasmiṃ pana divase evaṃ nikkhamitvā asure yuddhena abbhuggantvā samudde pakkhipitvā catūsu dvāresu attanā sadisā paṭimā māpetvā ṭhapeti, tasmā asurā nāgādayo jinitvā āgatāpi indapaṭimā disvā ‘‘sakko nikkhanto’’ti palāyanti. Iti surānaṃ paṭipakkhāti asurā, vepacittipahārādādayo, tesaṃ bhavanaṃ asurabhavanaṃ. Taṃ pana āyāmato ca vitthārato ca dasasahassayojananti dassetuṃ ‘‘tathā asurabhavana’’nti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Avīcimahānirayo jambudīpo cā</span>ti etthāpi <span class="bld">tathā</span>-saddo yojetabbo, avīcimahānirayo jambudīpo ca tathā dasasahassayojanamevāti attho. Ettha ca avīcimahānirayassa abbhantaraṃ āyāmena ca vitthārena ca yojanasataṃ hoti, lohapathavī lohachadanaṃ ekekā ca bhitti navanavayojanikā hoti. Puratthimāya bhittiyā acci uṭṭhahitvā pacchimaṃ bhittiṃ gahetvā taṃ vinivijjhitvā parato yojanasataṃ gacchati. Sesadisāsupi eseva nayo. Iti jālapariyantavasena āyāmavitthārato aṭṭhārasayojanādhikāni tīṇi yojanasatāni honti, parikkhepena nava yojanasatāni catupaṇṇāsañca yojanāni. Samantā pana ussadehi saddhiṃ dasayojanasahassaṃ hoti. Kasmā panesa narako ‘‘avīcī’’ti saṅkhyaṃ gatoti? Vīci nāma antaraṃ vuccati, tattha ca aggijālānaṃ vā sattānaṃ vā dukkhassa vā antaraṃ natthi, tasmā so ‘‘avīcī’’ti saṅkhyaṃ gato. Tassa hi puratthimabhittito jālā uṭṭhahitvā saṃsibbamānayojanasataṃ gantvā bhittiṃ vinivijjhitvā parato yojanasataṃ gacchati. Sesadisāsupi eseva nayo. Evaṃ jālānaṃ nirantaratāya avīci. Abbhantare panassa yojanasatike ṭhāne nāḷiyaṃ koṭṭetvā pūritatipupiṭṭhaṃ viya sattā nirantarā, ‘‘imasmiṃ ṭhāne satto atthi, imasmiṃ ṭhāne <a name="M1.0273"></a> natthī’’ti na vattabbaṃ, gacchantānaṃ ṭhitānaṃ nisinnānaṃ nipannānañca paccamānānaṃ anto natthi, gacchantā ṭhite vā nisinne vā nipanne vā na bādhenti. Evaṃ sattānaṃ nirantaratāya avīci. Kāyadvāre pana cha upekkhāsahagatāni cittāni uppajjanti, ekaṃ dukkhasahagataṃ. Evaṃ santepi yathā jivhāgge cha madhubindūni ṭhapetvā ekasmiṃ tambalohabindumhi ṭhapite anudahanabalavatāya tadeva paññāyati, itarāni abbohārikāni honti, evaṃ anudahanabalavatāya dukkhamevettha nirantaraṃ, itarāni abbohārikānīti evaṃ dukkhassa nirantaratāya avīcīti vuccati. ‘‘Ayañca avīcimahānirayo jambudīpassa heṭṭhā patiṭṭhito’’ti vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Jambudīpo <a name="V1.0241"></a> pana āyāmato ca vitthārato ca dasasahassayojanaparimāṇo. Tattha ca catusahassayojanappamāṇo padeso tadupabhogīsattānaṃ puññakkhayā udakena ajjhotthaṭo ‘‘samuddo’’ti saṅkhyaṃ gato. Tisahassayojanappamāṇe manussā vasanti, tisahassayojanappamāṇe himavā patiṭṭhitoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aparagoyānaṃ sattasahassayojana</span>ntiādīsu āyāmato ca vitthārato ca pamāṇaṃ dassitanti veditabbaṃ. Tattha jambudīpo sakaṭasaṇṭhāno, channavutiyā paṭṭanakoṭisatasahassehi chapaṇṇāsaratanāgārehi navanavutiyā doṇamukhasatasahassehi tikkhattuṃ tesaṭṭhiyā nagarasahassehi ca samannāgato. Jambudīpe kira ādito tesaṭṭhimattāni nagarasahassāni uppannāni, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ. Tāni pana sampiṇḍetvā satasahassaṃ, tato paraṃ asīti sahassāni ca nava sahassāni ca honti. <span class="bld">Doṇamukha</span>nti ca mahānagarassa āyuppattiṭṭhānabhūtaṃ padhānagharaṃ vuccati. Aparagoyāno ādāsasaṇṭhāno, pubbavideho aḍḍhacandasaṇṭhāno, uttarakuru pīṭhasaṇṭhāno. ‘‘Taṃtaṃnivāsīnaṃ taṃtaṃparivāradīpavāsīnañca manussānaṃ mukhampi taṃtaṃsaṇṭhāna’’nti vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Api cettha uttarakurukānaṃ puññānubhāvasiddho ayampi viseso veditabbo. Tattha kira tesu tesu padesesu ghananicitapattasañchannasākhāpasākhā kūṭāgārupamā manoramā rukkhā tesaṃ manussānaṃ nivesanakiccaṃ sādhenti. Yattha sukhaṃ nivasanti, aññepi tattha rukkhā sujātā sabbadāpi pupphitaggā tiṭṭhanti. Jalāsayāpi vikasitapadumapuṇḍarīkasogandhikādipupphasañchannā sabbakālaṃ paramasugandhā samantato pavāyantā tiṭṭhanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sarīrampi <a name="M1.0274"></a> tesaṃ atidīghatādidosarahitaṃ ārohapariṇāhasampannaṃ jarāya anabhibhūtattā valitapalitādidosavirahitaṃ yāvatāyukaṃ aparikkhīṇajavabalaparakkamasobhameva hutvā tiṭṭhati. Anuṭṭhānaphalūpajīvitāya na ca tesaṃ kasivaṇijjādivasena āhārapariyeṭṭhivasena dukkhaṃ atthi, tato eva na dāsadāsīkammakarādipariggaho atthi. Na ca tattha sītuṇhaḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapavāḷādiparissayo atthi. Yathā nāmettha gimhānaṃ pacchime māse paccūsavelāyaṃ samasītuṇho utu hoti, evameva sabbakālaṃ tattha samasītuṇhova utu hoti, na ca nesaṃ koci upaghāto vihesā vā uppajjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Akaṭṭhapākimameva sāliṃ akaṇaṃ athusaṃ suddhaṃ sugandhaṃ taṇḍulaphalaṃ niddhūmaṅgārena agginā pacitvā <a name="V1.0242"></a> paribhuñjanti. Tattha kira jotikapāsāṇā nāma honti, atha te tayo pāsāṇe ṭhapetvā tattha ukkhaliṃ āropenti, pāsāṇehi tejo samuṭṭhahitvā taṃ pāceti, añño sūpo vā byañjano vā na hoti, bhuñjantānaṃ cittānukūloyevassa raso hoti. Taṃ pana bhuñjantānaṃ nesaṃ kuṭṭhaṃ gaṇḍo kilāso soso kāso apamāro jaroti evamādiko na koci rogo uppajjati. Te taṃ ṭhānaṃ sampattānaṃ dentiyeva, macchariyacittaṃ nāma neva hoti, buddhapaccekabuddhādayopi mahiddhikā tattha gantvā piṇḍapātaṃ gaṇhanti. Na ca te khujjā vā vāmanā vā kāṇā vā kuṇī vā khañjā vā pakkhahatā vā vikalaṅgā vā vikalindriyā vā honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Itthiyopi tattha nātidīghā nātirassā nātikisā nātithūlā nātikāḷikā nāccodātā sobhaggappattarūpā honti. Tathā hi dīghaṅgulī tambanakhā alambathanā tanumajjhā puṇṇacandamukhī visālakkhī mudugattā sahibhorū odātadantā gambhīranābhī tanujaṅghā dīghanīlavellitakesī puthulasussoṇī nātilomā nālomā subhagā utusukhasamphassā saṇhā sakhilasambhāsā nānābharaṇavibhūsitā vicaranti, sabbadāpi soḷasavassuddesikā viya honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Purisāpi pañcavīsativassuddesikā viya, na puttā mātādīsu rajjanti, ayaṃ tattha dhammatā. Sattāhikameva ca tattha itthipurisā kāmaratiyā viharanti<a name="M1.0275"></a>, tato vītarāgā viya yathāsukhaṃ gacchanti, na tattha idha viya gabbhokkantimūlakaṃ gabbhapariharaṇamūlakaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vijāyanamūlakaṃ vā dukkhaṃ hoti, rattakañcukato kañcanapaṭimā viya dārakā mātukucchito amakkhitā eva semhādinā sukheneva nikkhamanti, ayaṃ tattha dhammatā. Mātā pana puttaṃ vā dhītaraṃ vā vijāyitvā tesaṃ vicaraṇakappadese ṭhapetvā anapekkhā yathāruci gacchati. Tesaṃ tattha sayitānaṃ ye passanti purisā vā itthiyo vā, te attano aṅguliyo upanāmenti, tesaṃ kammabalena tato khīraṃ pavattati, tena te dārakā yāpenti. Evaṃ pana vaḍḍhantā katipayadivaseyeva laddhabalā hutvā dārikā itthiyo upagacchanti, dārakā purise.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kapparukkhato eva ca tesaṃ tattha vatthābharaṇāni nipphajjanti. Nānāvirāgavaṇṇavicittāni hi vatthāni sukhumāni mudusukhasamphassāni tattha tattha kapparukkhesu olambantāni tiṭṭhanti. Nānāvidharaṃsijālasamujjalavividhavaṇṇaratanavinaddhāni anekavidhamālākammalatākammabhittikammavicittāni sīsūpagagīvūpagakaṭūpagahatthūpagapādūpagāni sovaṇṇamayāni ābharaṇāni ca kapparukkhato olambanti. Tathā vīṇāmudiṅgapaṇavasammatāḷasaṅkhavaṃsavetāḷaparivārādīni vallakīpabhautikāni <a name="V1.0243"></a> tūriyabhaṇḍānipi tato olambanti. Tattha ca bahū phalarukkhā kumbhamattāni phalāni phalanti, madhurarasāni yāni paribhuñjitvā te sattāhampi khuppipāsāhi na bādhīyanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Najjopi tattha suvisuddhajalā supatitthā ramaṇīyā akaddamā vālukatalā nātisītā nātiuṇhā surabhigandhīhi jalajapupphehi sañchannā sabbakālaṃ surabhī vāyantiyo sandanti, na tattha kaṇṭakinā kakkhaḷagacchalatā honti, akaṇṭakā pupphaphalasacchannā eva honti, candananāgarukkhā sayameva rasaṃ paggharanti. Nahāyitukāmā ca nadītitthe ekajjhaṃ vatthābharaṇāni ṭhapetvā nadiṃ otaritvā nahāyitvā uttiṇṇā uttiṇṇā upariṭṭhimaṃ upariṭṭhimaṃ vatthābharaṇaṃ gaṇhanti, na tesaṃ evaṃ hoti ‘‘idaṃ mama, idaṃ parassā’’ti. Tato eva na tesaṃ koci viggaho vā vivādo vā, sattāhikā eva ca nesaṃ kāmaratikīḷā hoti, tato vītarāgā viya vicaranti. Yattha ca rukkhe sayitukāmā honti, tattheva sayanaṃ upalabbhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mate <a name="M1.0276"></a> ca satte na rodanti na socanti, tañca maṇḍayitvā nikkhipanti. Tāvadeva ca tathārūpā sakuṇā upagantvā mataṃ dīpantaraṃ nenti, tasmā susānaṃ vā asuciṭṭhānaṃ vā tattha natthi, na ca tato matā nirayaṃ vā tiracchānayoniṃ vā pettivisayaṃ vā upapajjanti. ‘‘Dhammatāsiddhassa pañcasīlassa ānubhāvena te devaloke nibbattantī’’ti vadanti. Vassasahassameva ca nesaṃ sabbakālaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ, sabbametaṃ nesaṃ pañcasīlaṃ viya dhammatāsiddhamevāti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tadantaresū</span>ti tesaṃ cakkavāḷānaṃ antaresu. <span class="bld">Lokantarikanirayā</span>ti lokānaṃ lokadhātūnaṃ antaro vivaro lokantaro, tattha bhavā lokantarikā, nirayā. Tiṇṇañhi sakaṭacakkānaṃ pattānaṃ vā aññamaññaṃ āsannabhāvena ṭhapitānaṃ antarasadisesu tiṇṇaṃ tiṇṇaṃ cakkavāḷānaṃ antaresu ekeko lokantarikanirayo. So pana parimāṇato aṭṭhayojanasahassappamāṇo hoti niccavivaṭo heṭṭhā upari ca kenaci na pihito. Yathā hi heṭṭhā udakassa pidhāyikā pathavī natthīti asaṃvutā lokantarikanirayā, evaṃ uparipi cakkavāḷesu viya devavimānānaṃ abhāvato asaṃvutā apihitā cakkhuviññāṇuppattinivāraṇasamatthena ca andhakārena samannāgatā. Tattha kira cakkhuviññāṇaṃ na jāyati ālokassa abhāvato. Tīsu dīpesu ekappahārena ālokakaraṇasamatthāpi candimasūriyā tattha ālokaṃ na dassenti. Te hi yugandharasamappamāṇe ākāsappadese vicaraṇato cakkavāḷapabbatassa vemajjhena vicaranti, cakkavāḷapabbatañca <a name="V1.0244"></a> atikkamma lokantarikanirayā, tasmā te tattha ālokaṃ na dassentīti cakkhuviññāṇaṃ nuppajjati. Yadā pana sabbaññubodhisattassa paṭisandhiggahaṇādīsu obhāso uppajjati, tadā cakkhuviññāṇaṃ uppajjati. ‘‘Aññepi kira bho santi sattā idhūpapannā’’ti taṃ divasaṃ aññamaññaṃ passanti. Ayaṃ pana obhāso ekaṃ yāgupānamattampi na tiṭṭhati, accharāsaṅghāṭamattameva vijjobhāso viya niccharitvā ‘‘kiṃ ida’’nti bhaṇantānaṃyeva antaradhāyati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiṃ pana kammaṃ katvā tattha sattā nibbattantīti? Bhāriyaṃ dāruṇaṃ garukaṃ mātāpitūnaṃ dhammikasamaṇabrāhmaṇānañca upari aparādhaṃ aññañca divase divase pāṇavadhādiṃ sāhasikakammaṃ katvā uppajjanti tambapaṇṇidīpe abhayacoranāgacorādayo viya. Tesaṃ attabhāvo tigāvutiko hoti, vaggulīnaṃ <a name="M1.0277"></a> viya dīghanakhā honti. Te rukkhe vagguliyo viya nakhehi cakkavāḷapāde lagganti, yadā saṃsappantā aññamaññassa hatthapāsagatā honti, atha ‘‘bhakkho no laddho’’ti maññamānā khādanatthaṃ gaṇhituṃ upakkamantā viparivattitvā lokasandhārake udake patanti, vāte paharantepi madhukaphalāni viya chijjitvā udake patanti, patitamattāva accantakhāre udake piṭṭhapiṇḍaṃ viya vilīyanti atisītalabhāvato ātapasantāpābhāvena. Atisītalabhāvameva hi sandhāya accantakhāratā vuttā. Na hi taṃ kappasaṇṭhahanaudakaṃ sampattikaramahāmeghavuṭṭhaṃ pathavīsandhārakaṃ kappavināsakaudakaṃ viya khāraṃ bhavituṃ arahati. Tathā hi sati pathavīpi vilīyeyya, tesaṃ vā pāpakammabalena petānaṃ pakatiudakassa pubbakheḷabhāvāpatti viya tassa udakassa tadā khārabhāvappatti hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘accantakhāre udake piṭṭhapiṇḍaṃ viya vilīyantī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anantānī</span>ti aparimāṇāni, ‘‘ettakānī’’ti aññehi minituṃ asakkuṇeyyāni. Tāni ca bhagavā anantena buddhañāṇena avedi ‘‘ananto ākāso, ananto sattanikāyo, anantāni cakkavāḷānī’’ti. Tividhampi hi anantaṃ buddhañāṇena paricchindati sayampi anantattā. Yāvatakañhi ñeyyaṃ, tāvatakaṃ ñāṇaṃ. Yāvatakaṃ ñāṇaṃ, tāvatakameva ñeyyaṃ. Ñeyyapariyantikaṃ ñāṇaṃ, ñāṇapariyantikaṃ ñeyyanti. Tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘anantena buddhañāṇena avedī’’</span>tiādi. Anantatā cassa anantañeyyappaṭivijjhaneneva veditabbā tattha appaṭihatacārattā. Idāni yathāvuttamatthaṃ nigamento āha <span class="bld">‘‘evamassa okāsalokopi sabbathā vidito’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Api <a name="V1.0245"></a> cettha vivaṭṭādīnampi viditatā vattabbā, tasmā vivaṭṭādayopi ādito pabhuti evaṃ veditabbā – saṃvaṭṭo saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyī vivaṭṭo vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyīti kappassa cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni. Tattha saṃvaṭṭanaṃ vinassanaṃ <span class="bld">saṃvaṭṭo,</span> vinassamāno asaṅkhyeyyakappo. So pana atthato kāloyeva, tadā pavattamānasaṅkhāravasenassa vināso veditabbo. Saṃvaṭṭato uddhaṃ tathāṭhāyīkālo <span class="bld">saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyī</span>. Vivaṭṭanaṃ nibbattanaṃ vaḍḍhanaṃ vā <span class="bld">vivaṭṭo,</span> vaḍḍhamāno asaṅkhyeyyakappo. Sopi atthato kāloyeva, tadā pavattamānasaṅkhāravasenassa vaḍḍhi veditabbā. Vivaṭṭato uddhaṃ <a name="M1.0278"></a> tathāṭhāyīkālo <span class="bld">vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyī</span>. Tattha tayo saṃvaṭṭā tejosaṃvaṭṭo āposaṃvaṭṭo vāyosaṃvaṭṭoti. Tisso saṃvaṭṭasīmā ābhassarā subhakiṇhā vehapphalāti. Yadā kappo tejena saṃvaṭṭati, tadā ābhassarato heṭṭhā agginā ḍayhati. Yadā āpena saṃvaṭṭati, tadā subhakiṇhato heṭṭhā udakena vilīyati. Yadā vāyunā saṃvaṭṭati, tadā vehapphalato heṭṭhā vātena viddhaṃsati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vitthārato pana tīsupi saṃvaṭṭakālesu ekaṃ buddhakkhettaṃ vinassati. Buddhakkhettaṃ nāma tividhaṃ hoti jātikkhettaṃ āṇākkhettaṃ visayakkhettañca. Tattha <span class="bld">jātikkhettaṃ</span> dasasahassacakkavāḷapariyantaṃ hoti, yaṃ tathāgatassa paṭisandhiggahaṇādīsu kampati. Yattake hi ṭhāne tathāgatassa paṭisandhiñāṇādiñāṇānubhāvo puññaphalasamuttejito saraseneva paṭivijambhati, taṃ sabbampi buddhaṅkurassa nibbattanakkhettaṃ nāmāti buddhakkhettanti vuccati. <span class="bld">Āṇākkhettaṃ</span> pana koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷapariyantaṃ, yattha ratanasuttaṃ (khu. pā. 6.1 ādayo; su. ni. 224 ādayo) khandhaparittaṃ (a. ni. 4.67; jā. 1.2.105-106; cūḷava. 251 ādayo) dhajaggaparittaṃ (saṃ. ni. 1.249) āṭānāṭiyaparittaṃ (dī. ni. 3.275 ādayo) moraparittanti (jā. 1.2.17-18) imesaṃ parittānaṃ ānubhāvo vattati. Iddhimā hi cetovasippatto āṇākkhettapariyāpanne yattha katthaci cakkavāḷe ṭhatvā attano atthāya parittaṃ katvā tattheva aññaṃ cakkavāḷaṃ gatopi kataparitto eva hoti. Ekacakkavāḷe ṭhatvā sabbasattānaṃ atthāya paritte kate āṇākkhette sabbasattānampi abhisambhuṇāteva parittānubhāvo tattha devatāhi parittānaṃ sampaṭicchitabbato, tasmā taṃ āṇākkhettanti vuccati. <span class="bld">Visayakkhettaṃ</span> pana anantaṃ aparimāṇaṃ. Anantāparimāṇesu hi cakkavāḷesu yaṃ yaṃ tathāgato ākaṅkhati, taṃ taṃ jānāti ākaṅkhappaṭibaddhavuttitāya buddhañāṇassa. Evametesu tīsu buddhakkhettesu ekaṃ āṇākkhettaṃ vinassati, tasmiṃ pana vinassante jātikkhettaṃ vinaṭṭhameva hoti. Vinassantampi ekatova vinassati, saṇṭhahantampi ekatova saṇṭhahati, tassevaṃ vināso saṇṭhahanañca veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmiṃ <a name="V1.0246"></a> samaye kappo <span class="bld">agginā</span> nassati, āditova kappavināsakamahāmegho uṭṭhahitvā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷe ekaṃ mahāvassaṃ vassati<a name="M1.0279"></a>, manussā tuṭṭhā sabbabījāni nīharitvā vapanti, sassesu pana gokhāyitamattesu jātesu gadrabharavaṃ ravanto ekabindumpi na vassati, tadā pacchinnapacchinnameva hoti vassaṃ. Idaṃ sandhāya hi bhagavatā ‘‘hoti so, bhikkhave, samayo yaṃ bahūni vassāni bahūni vassasatāni bahūni vassasahassāni bahūni vassasatasahassāni devo na vassatī’’ti (a. ni. 7.66) vuttaṃ. Vassūpajīvinopi sattā kālaṃ katvā parittābhādibrahmaloke nibbattanti, pupphaphalūpajīviniyo ca devatā. Evaṃ dīghe addhāne vītivatte tattha tattha udakaṃ parikkhayaṃ gacchati, athānupubbena macchakacchapāpi kālaṃ katvā brahmaloke nibbattanti nerayikasattāpi. Tattha nerayikā sattamasūriyapātubhāve vinassantīti eke.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Jhānaṃ pana vinā natthi brahmaloke nibbatti, etesañca keci dubbhikkhapīḷitā, keci abhabbā jhānādhigamāya, te kathaṃ tattha nibbattantīti? Devaloke paṭiladdhajjhānavasena. Tadā hi ‘‘vassasatasahassassa accayena kappavuṭṭhānaṃ bhavissatī’’ti lokabyūhā nāma kāmāvacaradevā muttasirā vikiṇṇakesā rudammukhā assūni hatthehi puñchamānā rattavatthanivatthā ativiya virūpavesadhārino hutvā manussapathe vicarantā evaṃ ārocenti ‘‘mārisā mārisā ito vassasatasahassassa accayena kappavuṭṭhānaṃ bhavissati, ayaṃ loko vinassissati, mahāsamuddopi ussussissati, ayañca mahāpathavī sineru ca pabbatarājā ḍayhissanti vinassissanti, yāva brahmalokā lokavināso bhavissati, mettaṃ mārisā bhāvetha, karuṇaṃ, muditaṃ, upekkhaṃ mārisā bhāvetha, mātaraṃ upaṭṭhahatha, pitaraṃ upaṭṭhahatha, kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino hothā’’ti. Te pana devā lokaṃ byūhenti sampiṇḍentīti <span class="bld">‘‘lokabyūhā’’</span>ti vuccanti. Te kira disvā manussā yattha katthaci ṭhitāpi nisinnāpi saṃvegajātā sambhamappattāva hutvā tesaṃ āsanne ṭhāne sannipatanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ panete kappavuṭṭhānaṃ jānantīti? ‘‘Dhammatāya sañcoditā’’ti ācariyā. ‘‘Tādisanimittadassanenā’’ti eke. ‘‘Brahmadevatāhi uyyojitā’’ti apare. Tesaṃ pana vacanaṃ sutvā yebhuyyena manussā ca bhummadevatā ca saṃvegajātā aññamaññaṃ muducittā hutvā mettādīni puññāni karitvā devaloke nibbattanti. Tattha dibbasudhābhojanaṃ bhuñjitvā tato vāyokasiṇe <a name="M1.0280"></a> parikammaṃ katvā jhānaṃ paṭilabhanti. Devānaṃ kira sukhasamphassavātaggahaṇapaacayena vāyokasiṇe jhānāni sukheneva ijjhanti. Tadaññe pana āpāyikā sattā aparāpariyavedanīyena <a name="V1.0247"></a> kammena devaloke nibbattanti. Aparāpariyavedanīyakammarahito hi saṃsāre saṃsaranto nāma satto natthi. Tepi tattha tatheva jhānaṃ paṭilabhanti. Evaṃ devaloke paṭiladdhajjhānavasena sabbepi brahmaloke nibbattanti. Idañca yebhuyyavasena vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci pana ‘‘apāyasattā saṃvaṭṭamānalokadhātūhi aññesu lokadhātūsupi nibbattanti. Na hi sabbe apāyasattā tadā rūpārūpabhavesu uppajjantīti sakkā viññātuṃ apāyesu dīghāyukānaṃ devalokūpapattiyā asambhavato. Niyatamicchādiṭṭhiko pana vinassamānepi kappe nirayato na muccatiyeva, tasmā so tattha anibbattitvā piṭṭhicakkavāḷe nibbattati. Niyatamicchādiṭṭhiyā hi samannāgatassa bhavato vuṭṭhānaṃ nāma natthi. Tāya hi samannāgatassa neva saggo atthi, na maggo, tasmā so saṃvaṭṭamānacakkavāḷato aññattha niraye nibbattitvā paccati. Kiṃ pana piṭṭhicakkavāḷaṃ na jhāyatīti? Jhāyati. Tasmiṃ jhāyamānepi esa ākāse ekasmiṃ padese paccatī’’ti vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vassūpacchedato pana uddhaṃ dīghassa addhuno accayena dutiyo sūriyo pātubhavati, pātubhūte pana tasmiṃ neva rattiparicchedo, na divāparicchedo paññāyati. Eko sūriyo uṭṭheti, eko atthaṃ gacchati, avicchinnasūriyasantāpova loko hoti. Yathā ca kappavuṭṭhānakālato pubbe uppannasūriyavimāne sūriyadevaputto hoti, evaṃ kappavināsakasūriye natthi. Kappavuṭṭhānakāle pana yathā aññe kāmāvacaradevā, evaṃ sūriyadevaputtopi jhānaṃ nibbattetvā brahmalokaṃ upapajjati. Sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ pana pabhassaratarañceva tejavantatarañca hutvā pavattati. Taṃ antaradhāyitvā aññameva uppajjatīti apare. Tattha pakatisūriye vattamāne ākāse valāhakāpi dhūmasikhāpi vattanti, kappavināsakasūriye vattamāne vigatadhūmavalāhakaṃ ādāsamaṇḍalaṃ viya nimmalaṃ nabhaṃ hoti. Ṭhapetvā pañca mahānadiyo sesakunnadiādīsu udakaṃ sussati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatopi <a name="M1.0281"></a> dīghassa addhuno accayena tatiyo sūriyo pātubhavati, yassa pātubhāvā mahānadiyopi sussanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatopi dīghassa addhuno accayena catuttho sūriyo pātubhavati, yassa pātubhāvā himavati mahānadīnaṃ pabhavā sīhappapātadaho mandākinīdaho kaṇṇamuṇḍadaho rathakāradaho anotattadaho chaddantadaho kuṇāladahoti ime satta mahāsarā sussanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatopi <a name="V1.0248"></a> dīghassa addhuno accayena pañcamo sūriyo pātubhavati, yassa pātubhāvā anupubbena mahāsamudde aṅgulipabbatemanamattampi udakaṃ na saṇṭhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatopi dīghassa addhuno accayena chaṭṭho sūriyo pātubhavati, yassa pātubhāvā sakalacakkavāḷaṃ ekadhūmaṃ hoti pariyādinnasinehaṃ dhūmena. Yāya hi āpodhātuyā tattha tattha pathavīdhātu ābandhattā sampiṇḍitā hutvā tiṭṭhati, sā chaṭṭhasūriyapātubhāvena parikkhayaṃ gacchati. Yathā cidaṃ, evaṃ koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷānipi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatopi dīghassa addhuno accayena sattamo sūriyo pātubhavati, yassa pātubhāvā sakalacakkavāḷaṃ ekajālaṃ hoti saddhiṃ koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷehi, yojanasatikādibhedāni sinerukūṭāni palujjitvā ākāseyeva antaradhāyanti. Sā aggijālā uṭṭhahitvā cātumahārājike gaṇhāti. Tattha kanakavimānaratanavimānamaṇivimānāni jhāpetvā tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ gaṇhāti. Etenevūpāyena yāva paṭhamajjhānabhūmiṃ gaṇhāti, tattha tayopi brahmaloke jhāpetvā ābhassare āhacca tiṭṭhati. Sā yāva aṇumattampi saṅkhāragataṃ atthi, tāva na nibbāyati. Sabbasaṅkhāraparikkhayā pana sappitelajjhāpanaggisikhā viya chārikampi anavasesetvā nibbāyati. Heṭṭhāākāsena saha upariākāso eko hoti mahandhakāro.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ ekamasaṅkhyeyyaṃ ekaṅgaṇaṃ hutvā ṭhite lokasannivāse lokassa saṇṭhānatthāya devo vassituṃ ārabhati, āditova antaraṭṭhake himapāto viya hoti. Tato kaṇamattā taṇḍulamattā muggamāsabadaraāmalakaeḷālukakumbhaṇḍaalābumattā udakadhārā hutvā anukkamena <a name="M1.0282"></a> usabhadveusabhaaḍḍhagāvutagāvutaaḍḍhayojanayojanadviyojana…pe… yojanasatayojanasahassamattā hutvā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷagabbhantaraṃ yāva avinaṭṭhabrahmalokā pūretvā antaradhāyati. Taṃ udakaṃ heṭṭhā ca tiriyañca vāto samuṭṭhahitvā ghanaṃ karoti parivaṭumaṃ paduminīpatte udakabindusadisaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ tāvamahantaṃ udakarāsiṃ ghanaṃ karotīti ce? Vivarasampadānato vātassāti. Tañhissa tahiṃ tahiṃ vivaraṃ deti. Taṃ evaṃ vātena sampiṇḍiyamānaṃ ghanaṃ kariyamānaṃ parikkhayamānaṃ anupubbena heṭṭhā otarati. Otiṇṇe otiṇṇe udake brahmalokaṭṭhāne brahmaloko, uparicatukāmāvacaradevalokaṭṭhāne ca devalokā pātubhavanti. Cātumahārājikatāvatiṃsabhavanāni pana pathavīsambandhatāya na tāva pātubhavanti. Purimapathaviṭṭhānaṃ otiṇṇe pana balavavātā uppajjanti, te taṃ pihitadvāre dhammakaraṇe ṭhitaudakamiva nirussāsaṃ katvā rumbhanti<a name="V1.0249"></a>. Madhurodakaṃ parikkhayaṃ gacchamānaṃ upari rasapathaviṃ samuṭṭhāpeti, udakapiṭṭhe uppalinīpattaṃ viya pathavī saṇṭhāti. Sā vaṇṇasampannā ceva hoti gandharasasampannā ca nirudakapāyāsassa upari paṭalaṃ viya. Ettha pana mahābodhipallaṅkaṭṭhānaṃ vinassamāne loke pacchā vinassati, saṇṭhahamāne paṭhamaṃ saṇṭhahatīti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tadā ca ābhassarabrahmaloke paṭhamatarābhinibbattā sattā āyukkhayā vā puññakkhayā vā tato cavitvā opapātikā hutvā idhūpapajjanti, te honti sayaṃpabhā antalikkhacarā, te taṃ rasapathaviṃ sāyitvā taṇhābhibhūtā āluppakārakaṃ paribhuñjituṃ upakkamanti. Atha tesaṃ sayaṃpabhā antaradhāyati, andhakāro hoti. Te andhakāraṃ disvā bhāyanti. Tato tesaṃ bhayaṃ nāsetvā sūrabhāvaṃ janayantaṃ paripuṇṇapaññāsayojanaṃ sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ pātubhavati. Te taṃ disvā ‘‘ālokaṃ paṭilabhimhā’’ti haṭṭhatuṭṭhā hutvā ‘‘amhākaṃ bhītānaṃ bhayaṃ nāsetvā sūrabhāvaṃ janayanto uṭṭhito, tasmā sūriyo hotū’’ti <span class="bld">sūriyo</span>tvevassa nāmaṃ karonti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha sūriye divasaṃ ālokaṃ katvā atthaṅgate ‘‘yampi ālokaṃ labhimha, sopi no naṭṭho’’ti puna bhītā honti. Tesaṃ evaṃ hoti ‘‘sādhu vatassa, sace aññaṃ ālokaṃ labheyyāmā’’ti. Tesaṃ cittaṃ ñatvā viya ekūnapaññāsayojanaṃ candamaṇḍalaṃ pātubhavati. Te taṃ disvā bhiyyoso <a name="M1.0283"></a> mattāya haṭṭhatuṭṭhā hutvā ‘‘amhākaṃ chandaṃ ñatvā viya uṭṭhito, tasmā cando hotū’’ti <span class="bld">cando</span>tvevassa nāmaṃ karonti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ candimasūriyesu pātubhūtesu nakkhattāni tārakarūpāni pātubhavanti, tato pabhuti rattindivā paññāyanti, anukkamena ca māsaḍḍhamāsautusaṃvaccharā, candimasūriyānaṃ pātubhūtadivaseyeva sinerucakkavāḷahimavantapabbatā dīpasamuddā ca pātubhavanti. Te ca kho apubbaṃ acarimaṃ phagguṇapuṇṇamadivaseyeva pātubhavanti. Kathaṃ? Yathā nāma kaṅgubhatte paccamāne ekappahāreneva pubbuḷakā uṭṭhahanti, eke padesā thūpathūpā honti, eke ninnaninnā, eke samasamā, evameva thūpathūpaṭṭhāne pabbatā honti, ninnaninnaṭṭhāne samuddā, samasamaṭṭhāne dīpāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha tesaṃ sattānaṃ rasapathaviṃ paribhuñjantānaṃ kammena ekacce vaṇṇavanto honti, ekacce dubbaṇṇā honti. Tattha vaṇṇavanto dubbaṇṇe atimaññanti, tesaṃ atimānapaccayā sāpi <span class="bld">rasapathavī</span> antaradhāyati, <span class="bld">bhūmipappaṭako</span> pātubhavati. Atha nesaṃ teneva nayena sopi antaradhāyati, atha <span class="bld">padālatā</span> pātubhavati. Teneva nayena sāpi antaradhāyati, akaṭṭhapāko <span class="bld">sāli</span> <a name="V1.0250"></a> pātubhavati akaṇo athuso sugandho taṇḍulaphalo. Tato nesaṃ bhājanāni uppajjanti. Te sāliṃ bhājane ṭhapetvā pāsāṇapiṭṭhiyaṃ ṭhapenti, sayameva jālasikhā uṭṭhahitvā taṃ pacati. So hoti odano sumanajātipupphasadiso, na tassa sūpena vā byañjanena vā karaṇīyaṃ atthi, yaṃ yaṃ rasaṃ bhuñjitukāmā honti, taṃtaṃrasova hoti. Tesaṃ taṃ oḷārikaṃ āhāraṃ āharayataṃ tato pabhuti muttakarīsaṃ sañjāyati. Tathā hi rasapathavī bhūmipappaṭako padālatāti ime tāva paribhuttā sudhāhāro viya khudaṃ vinodetvā rasaharaṇīhi rasameva paribyūhentā tiṭṭhanti vatthuno sukhumabhāvena, na nissandā, sukhumabhāveneva gahaṇindhanameva ca hoti. Odano pana paribhutto rasaṃ vaḍḍhentopi vatthuno oḷārikabhāveneva nissandaṃ vissajjento passāvaṃ karīsañca uppādeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha tesaṃ nikkhamanatthāya vaṇamukhāni pabhijjanti. Purisassa purisabhāvo, itthiyā itthibhāvo pātubhavati. Purimattabhāvesu hi pavattaupacārajjhānānubhāvena yāva sattasantānesu kāmarāgo vikkhambhanavegena samito<a name="M1.0284"></a>, na tāva bahalakāmarāgūpanissayāni itthipurisindriyāni pāturahesuṃ. Yadā panassa vicchinnatāya bahalakāmarāgo laddhāvasaro ahosi, tadā tadupanissayāni tāni sattānaṃ attabhāvesu sañjāyiṃsu, tadā itthī purisaṃ, puriso ca itthiṃ ativelaṃ upanijjhāyati. Tesaṃ ativelaṃ upanijjhāyanapaccayā kāmapariḷāho uppajjati, tato <span class="bld">methunaṃ dhammaṃ</span> paṭisevanti. Te asaddhammapaṭisevanapaccayā viññūhi garahiyamānā viheṭhiyamānā tassa asaddhammassa paṭicchādanahetu <span class="bld">agārāni</span> karonti. Te agāraṃ ajjhāvasamānā anukkamena aññatarassa alasajātikassa sattassa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjantā sannidhiṃ karonti. Tato pabhuti kaṇopi thusopi taṇḍulaṃ pariyonandhanti, lāyitaṭṭhānampi na paṭiviruhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Te sannipatitvā anutthunanti ‘‘pāpakā vata bho dhammā sattesu pātubhūtā, mayañhi pubbe manomayā ahumhā’’ti, <span class="bld">aggaññasutte</span> (dī. ni. 3.128) vuttanayena vitthāretabbaṃ. Tato mariyādaṃ ṭhapenti, athaññataro satto aññassa bhāgaṃ adinnaṃ ādiyati, taṃ dvikkhattuṃ paribhāsetvā tatiyavāre pāṇileḍḍudaṇḍehi paharanti. Te evaṃ adinnādāne kalahamusāvādadaṇḍādānesu uppannesu ca sannipatitvā cintayanti ‘‘yannūna mayaṃ ekaṃ sattaṃ sammanneyyāma, yo no sammā khīyitabbaṃ khīyeyya, garahitabbaṃ garaheyya, pabbājetabbaṃ pabbājeyya, mayaṃ panassa sālīnaṃ bhāgamanuppadassāmā’’ti. Evaṃ katasanniṭṭhānesu pana sattesu imasmiṃ tāva kappe ayameva bhagavā bodhisattabhūto tena samayena tesu sattesu abhirūpataro ca <a name="V1.0251"></a> dassanīyataro ca mahesakkhataro ca buddhisampanno paṭibalo niggahapaggahaṃ kātuṃ. Te taṃ upasaṅkamitvā yācitvā sammanniṃsu. So tena mahājanena sammatoti <span class="bld">mahāsammato,</span> khettānaṃ adhipatīti <span class="bld">khattiyo,</span> dhammena samena paresaṃ rañjetīti <span class="bld">rājā</span>ti tīhi nāmehi paññāyittha. Yañhi loke acchariyaṭṭhānaṃ, bodhisattova tattha ādipurisoti evaṃ bodhisattaṃ ādiṃ katvā khattiyamaṇḍale saṇṭhite anupubbena brāhmaṇādayopi vaṇṇā saṇṭhahiṃsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha kappavināsakamahāmeghato yāva jālopacchedo, idamekamasaṅkhyeyyaṃ <span class="bld">saṃvaṭṭo</span>ti vuccati. Kappavināsakajālopacchedato yāva <a name="M1.0285"></a> koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷaparipūrako sampattimahāmegho, idaṃ dutiyamasaṅkhyeyyaṃ <span class="bld">saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyī</span>ti vuccati. Sampattimahāmeghato yāva candimasūriyapātubhāvo, idaṃ tatiyamasaṅkhyeyyaṃ <span class="bld">vivaṭṭo</span>ti vuccati. Candimasūriyapātubhāvato yāva puna kappavināsakamahāmegho, idaṃ catutthamasaṅkhyeyyaṃ <span class="bld">vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyī</span>ti vuccati. Vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyīasaṅkhyeyyaṃ catusaṭṭhiantarakappasaṅgahaṃ. ‘‘Vīsatiantarakappasaṅgaha’’nti keci. Sesāsaṅkhyeyyāni kālato tena samappamāṇāneva. Imāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni eko mahākappo hoti. Evaṃ tāva agginā vināso ca saṇṭhahanañca veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmiṃ pana samaye kappo <span class="bld">udakena</span> nassati, āditova kappavināsakamahāmegho vuṭṭhahitvāti pubbe vuttanayeneva vitthāretabbaṃ. Ayaṃ pana viseso – yathā tattha dutiyasūriyo, evamidha kappavināsako khārudakamahāmegho vuṭṭhāti. So ādito sukhumaṃ sukhumaṃ vassanto anukkamena mahādhārāhi koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷānaṃ pūrento vassati. Khārudakena phuṭṭhaphuṭṭhā pathavīpabbatādayo vilīyanti, udakaṃ samantato vātehi dhārīyati. Pathaviyā heṭṭhimantato pabhuti yāva dutiyajjhānabhūmiṃ udakaṃ gaṇhāti. Tena hi khārudakena phuṭṭhaphuṭṭhā pathavīpabbatādayo udake pakkhittaloṇasakkharā viya vilīyanteva, tasmā pathavīsandhārakaudakena saddhiṃ ekūdakameva taṃ hotīti keci. Apare pana ‘‘pathavīsandhārakaudakaṃ taṃ sandhārakavāyukkhandhañca anavasesato vināsetvā sabbattha sayameva eko ghanabhūto tiṭṭhatī’’ti vadanti, taṃ yuttaṃ. Upari pana chapi brahmaloke vilīyāpetvā subhakiṇhe āhacca tiṭṭhati, taṃ yāva aṇumattampi saṅkhāragataṃ atthi, tāva na vūpasammati, udakānugataṃ pana sabbaṃ saṅkhāragataṃ abhibhavitvā sahasā vūpasammati, antaradhānaṃ gacchati. Heṭṭhāākāsena saha upariākāso eko hoti mahandhakāroti sabbaṃ vuttasadisaṃ. Kevalaṃ panidha ābhassarabrahmalokaṃ ādiṃ katvā loko pātubhavati. Subhakiṇhato cavitvā ābhassaraṭṭhānādīsu sattā nibbattanti. Tattha kappavināsakamahāmeghato yāva kappavināsakakhārudakopacchedo, idamekamasaṅkhyeyyaṃ<a name="V1.0252"></a>. Udakupacchedato yāva sampattimahāmegho, idaṃ dutiyamasaṅkhyeyyaṃ. Sampattimahāmeghato yāva candimasūriyapātubhāvo, idaṃ tatiyamasaṅkhyeyyaṃ. Candimasūriyapātubhāvato <a name="M1.0286"></a> yāva kappavināsakamahaāmegho, idaṃ catutthamasaṅkhyeyyaṃ. Imāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni eko mahākappo hoti. Evaṃ udakena vināso ca saṇṭhahanañca veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmiṃ samaye kappo <span class="bld">vātena</span> nassati, āditova kappavināsakamahāmegho vuṭṭhahitvāti pubbe vuttanayeneva vitthāretabbaṃ. Ayaṃ pana viseso – yathā tattha dutiyasūriyo, evamidha kappavināsanatthaṃ vāto samuṭṭhāti. So paṭhamaṃ thūlarajaṃ uṭṭhāpeti, tato saṇharajaṃ sukhumavālikaṃ thūlavālikaṃ sakkharapāsāṇādayoti yāvakūṭāgāramatte pāsāṇe visamaṭṭhāne ṭhitamahārukkhe ca uṭṭhāpeti. Te pathavito nabhamuggatā na puna patanti, tattheva cuṇṇavicuṇṇā hutvā abhāvaṃ gacchanti. Athānukkamena heṭṭhā mahāpathaviyā vāto samuṭṭhahitvā pathaviṃ parivattetvā uddhaṃ mūlaṃ katvā ākāse khipati. Yojanasatappamāṇāpi pathavippadesā dviyojanatiyojanacatuyojanapañcayojanachayojanasattayojanappamāṇāpi pabhijjitvā vātavegukkhittā ākāseyeva cuṇṇavicuṇṇā hutvā abhāvaṃ gacchanti. Cakkavāḷapabbatampi sinerupabbatampi vāto ukkhipitvā ākāse khipati. Te aññamaññaṃ abhihantvā cuṇṇavicuṇṇā hutvā vinassanti. Etenevūpāyena bhūmaṭṭhakavimānāni ca ākāsaṭṭhakavimānāni ca vināsento chakāmāvacaradevaloke vināsetvā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷāni vināseti. Tattha cakkavāḷā cakkavāḷehi, himavantā himavantehi, sinerū sinerūhi aññamaññaṃ samāgantvā cuṇṇavicuṇṇā hutvā vinassanti. Pathavito yāva tatiyajjhānabhūmi vāto gaṇhāti, navapi brahmaloke vināsetvā vehapphale āhacca tiṭṭhati. Evaṃ pathavīsandhārakaudakena taṃsandhārakavātena ca saddhiṃ sabbasaṅkhāragataṃ vināsetvā sayampi vinassati avaṭṭhānassa kāraṇābhāvato. Heṭṭhāākāsena saha upariākāso eko hoti mahandhakāroti sabbaṃ vuttasadisaṃ. Idha pana subhakiṇhabrahmalokaṃ ādiṃ katvā loko pātubhavati. Vehapphalato cavitvā subhakiṇhaṭṭhānādīsu sattā nibbattanti. Tattha kappavināsakamahāmeghato yāva kappavināsakavātupacchedo, idamekamasaṅkhyeyyaṃ. Vātupacchedato yāva sampattimahāmegho, idaṃ dutiyamasaṅkhyeyyantiādi vuttanayameva. Evaṃ vātena vināso ca saṇṭhahanañca veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha <a name="M1.0287"></a> kiṃkāraṇā evaṃ loko vinassati. Yadipi hi saṅkhārānaṃ ahetuko sarasanirodho vināsakābhāvato, santānanirodho pana hetuvirahito natthi. Yathā taṃ sattanikāyesūti bhājanalokassapi sahetukena vināsena bhavitabbaṃ, tasmā kimevaṃ lokavināse kāraṇanti? Akusalamūlaṃ <a name="V1.0253"></a> kāraṇaṃ. Yathā hi tattha nibbattanakasattānaṃ puññabalena paṭhamaṃ loko vivaṭṭati, evaṃ tesaṃ pāpakammabalena saṃvaṭṭati, tasmā akusalamūlesu ussannesu evaṃ loko vinassati. Yathā hi rāgadosamohānaṃ adhikabhāvena yathākkamaṃ rogantarakappo satthantarakappo dubbhikkhantarakappoti ime tividhā antarakappā vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyimhi asaṅkhyeyyakappe jāyanti. Evamete yathāvuttā tayo saṃvaṭṭā rāgādīnaṃ adhikabhāveneva honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha rāge ussannatare agginā vinassati, dose ussannatare udakena vinassati. Dose hi ussannatare adhikatarena dosena viya tikkhatarena khārudakena vināso yuttoti. Keci pana ‘‘dose ussannatare agginā, rāge udakenā’’ti vadanti, tesaṃ kira ayamadhippāyo – pākaṭasattusadisassa dosassa aggisadisatā, apākaṭasattusadisassa rāgassa khārudakasadisatā ca yuttāti. Mohe pana ussannatare vātena vinassati. Evaṃ vinassantopi ca nirantarameva satta vāre agginā nassati, aṭṭhame vāre udakena, puna satta vāre agginā, aṭṭhame udakenāti evaṃ aṭṭhame aṭṭhame vāre vinassanto sattakkhattuṃ udakena vinassitvā puna satta vāre agginā nassati. Ettāvatā tesaṭṭhi kappā atītā honti. Etthantare udakena nassanavāraṃ sampattampi paṭibāhitvā laddhokāso vāto paripuṇṇacatusaṭṭhikappāyuke subhakiṇhe viddhaṃsento lokaṃ vināseti. Ettha pana rāgo sattānaṃ bahulaṃ pavattatīti aggivasena bahuso lokavināso veditabbo. Iti evaṃ imehi kāraṇehi vinassitvā saṇṭhahantaṃ saṇṭhahitvā ṭhitañca okāsalokaṃ bhagavā yāthāvato avedīti evampissa sabbathā okāsaloko viditoti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yaṃ pana heṭṭhā vuttaṃ ‘‘sabbathā viditalokattā lokavidū’’ti, idāni taṃ nigamento āha <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ sabbathā viditalokattā lokavidū’’</span>ti. Tattha <a name="M1.0288"></a> <span class="bld">sabbathā</span>ti lakkhaṇādippabhedato saṅkhāralokassa, āsayādippabhedato sattalokassa, parimāṇasaṇṭhānādippabhedato okāsalokassāti evaṃ sabbappakārena viditalokattāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">anuttaro</span>ti padassa atthaṃ saṃvaṇṇento āha <span class="bld">‘‘attano pana guṇehī’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">attano</span>ti nissakkatthe sāmivacanametaṃ, attatoti attho. Guṇehi attano visiṭṭhatarassāti sambandho. Taraggahaṇañcettha ‘‘anuttaro’’ti padassa atthaniddesatāya kataṃ, na visiṭṭhassa kassaci atthitāya. Sadevake hi loke sadisakappopi nāma koci tathāgatassa natthi, kuto sadiso, visiṭṭhe pana kā kathā. <span class="bld">Kassacī</span>ti kassacipi. <span class="bld">Abhibhavatī</span>ti sīlasampadāya <a name="V1.0254"></a> upanissayabhūtānaṃ hirottappamettākaruṇānaṃ visesapaccayānaṃ saddhāsativīriyapaññānañca ukkaṃsappattiyā samudāgamato paṭṭhāya na aññasādhāraṇo savāsanapaṭipakkhassa pahīnattā ukkaṃsapāramippatto satthu sīlaguṇo, tena bhagavā sadevakaṃ lokaṃ aññadatthu abhibhuyya pavattati, na sayaṃ kenaci abhibhuyyatīti adhippāyo. Evaṃ samādhiguṇādīsupi yathārahaṃ vattabbaṃ. Sīlādayo cete lokiyalokuttaramissakā veditabbā, vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ pana lokiyaṃ kāmāvacarameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi evaṃ kathaṃ tena sadevakaṃ lokaṃ abhibhavatīti? Tassapi ānubhāvato asadisattā. Tampi hi visayato pavattito pavattiākārato ca uttaritarameva. Tañhi anaññasādhāraṇaṃ satthu vimuttiguṇaṃ ārabbha pavattati, pavattamānañca atakkāvacaraṃ paramagambhīraṃ saṇhaṃ sukhumaṃ sātisayaṃ paṭipakkhadhammānaṃ suppahīnattā suṭṭhu pākaṭaṃ vibhūtataraṃ katvā pavattati, sammadeva ca vasībhāvassa pāpakattā bhavaṅgaparivāsassa ca atiparittakattā lahu lahu pavattatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ sīlādiguṇehi bhagavato uttaritarassa abhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni sadisassapi abhāvaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sīlaguṇenapi asamo’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">asamo</span>ti ekasmiṃ kāle natthi etassa sīlādiguṇena samo sadisoti asamo. Tathā asamehi samo <span class="bld">asamasamo</span>. Asamā vā samā etassāti asamasamo. Sīlādiguṇena natthi etassa <a name="M1.0289"></a> paṭimāti <span class="bld">appaṭimo</span>. Sesapadadvayepi eseva nayo. Tattha upamāmattaṃ paṭimā, sadisūpamā paṭibhāgo, yugaggāhavasena ṭhito paṭipuggaloti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Na kho panāhaṃ bhikkhave samanupassāmī</span>tiādīsu mama samantacakkhunā hatthatale āmalakaṃ viya sabbaṃ lokaṃ passantopi tattha sadevake…pe… pajāya attano attato sīlasampannataraṃ sampannatarasīlaṃ kañcipi puggalaṃ na kho pana passāmi tādisassa abhāvatoti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aggappasādasuttādīnī</span>ti ettha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yāvatā, bhikkhave, sattā apadā vā dvipadā vā catuppadā vā bahuppadā vā rūpino vā arūpino vā saññino vā asaññino vā nevasaññīnāsaññino vā, tathāgato tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho. Ye, bhikkhave, buddhe pasannā, agge <a name="V1.0255"></a> te pasannā. Agge kho pana pasannānaṃ aggo vipāko hotī’’ti (a. ni. 4.34; itivu. 90) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Idaṃ aggappasādasuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Sadevake, bhikkhave, loke…pe… sadevamanussāya tathāgato abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthu daso vasavattī, tasmā tathāgatoti vuccatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.23; dī. ni. 3.188) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādīni suttapadāni veditabbāni. <span class="bld">Ādikā gāthāyo</span>ti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ahañhi arahā loke, ahaṃ satthā anuttaro;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ekomhi sammāsambuddho, sītibhūtosmi nibbuto. (mahāva. 11; ma. ni. 1.285; 2.341);</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Danto damayataṃ seṭṭho, santo samayataṃ isi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mutto mocayataṃ aggo, tiṇṇo tārayataṃ varo. (itivu. 112)</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nayimasmiṃ <a name="M1.0290"></a> loke parasmiṃ vā pana,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Buddhena seṭṭho sadiso ca vijjati;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Āhuneyyānaṃ paramāhutiṃ gato,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Puññatthikānaṃ vipulapphalesina’’nti. (vi. va. 1047; kathā. 799) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādikā gāthā vitthāretabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Purisadammasārathī</span>tiādīsu damitabbāti dammā, damituṃ araharūpā. Purisā ca te dammā cāti purisadammā. Visesanassa cettha paranipātaṃ katvā niddeso, dammapurisāti attho. ‘‘Satipi mātugāmassapi dammabhāve purisaggahaṇaṃ ukkaṭṭhaparicchedavasenā’’ti vadanti. <span class="bld">Sāretī</span>ti imassa atthaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘dametī’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">dametī</span>ti sameti, kāyasamādīhi yojetīti <a name="V1.0256"></a> attho. Taṃ pana kāyasamādīhi yojanaṃ yathārahaṃ tadaṅgavinayādīsu patiṭṭhāpanaṃ hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘vinetīti vuttaṃ hotī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Adantā</span>ti idaṃ sabbena sabbaṃ damataṃ anupagatā purisadammāti vuttāti katvā vuttaṃ. Ye pana vippakatadammabhāvā sabbathā dametabbataṃ nātivattā, tepi purisadammā eva, yato te satthā dameti. Bhagavā hi visuddhasīlassa paṭhamajjhānaṃ ācikkhati, paṭhamajjhānalābhino dutiyajjhānantiādinā tassa tassa uparūpari visesaṃ ācikkhanto ekadesena dantepi sameti. Teneva vuttaṃ <span class="bld">visuddhimagge</span> (visuddhi. 1.139) ‘‘api ca so bhagavā visuddhasīlādīnaṃ paṭhamajjhānādīni sotāpannādīnañca uttarimaggappaṭipadaṃ ācikkhanto dantepi dametiyevā’’ti. Atha vā sabbena sabbaṃ adantā ekadesena dantā ca idha adantaggahaṇeneva saṅgahitāti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Dametuṃ yuttā</span>ti damanārahā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tiracchānapurisā</span>tiādīsu uddhaṃ anuggantvā tiriyaṃ añcitā gatā vaḍḍhitāti tiracchānā, devamanussādayo viya uddhaṃ dīghaṃ ahutvā tiriyaṃ dīghāti attho. Tiracchānāyeva purisā tiracchānapurisā. Manassa <a name="M1.0291"></a> ussannatāya <span class="bld">manussā</span>. Satisūrabhāvabrahmacariyayogyatādiguṇavasena upacitamānasā ukkaṭṭhaguṇacittā. Ke pana te? Jambudīpavāsino sattavisesā. Tenāha bhagavā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, ṭhānehi jambudīpakā manussā uttarakuruke ca manusse adhiggaṇhanti deve ca tāvatiṃse. Katamehi tīhi? Sūrā satimanto idha brahmacariyavāso’’ti (a. ni. 9.21).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā hi buddhā bhagavanto paccekabuddhā aggasāvakā mahāsāvakā cakkavattino aññe ca mahānubhāvā sattā tattheva uppajjanti. Tehi samānarūpāditāya pana saddhiṃ parittadīpavāsīhi itaramahādīpavāsinopi manussātveva paññāyiṃsūti eke. Apare pana bhaṇanti – lobhādīhi ca alobhādīhi ca sahitassa manassa ussannatāya manussā. Ye hi sattā manussajātikā, tesu visesato lobhādayo alobhādayo ca ussannā, te lobhādiussannatāya apāyamaggaṃ, alobhādiussannatāya sugatimaggaṃ nibbānagāmimaggañca pūrenti, tasmā lobhādīhi alobhādīhi ca sahitassa manassa ussannatāya parittadīpavāsīhi saddhiṃ catumahādīpavāsino sattavisesā manussāti vuccanti. Lokiyā pana ‘‘manuno apaccabhāvena manussā’’ti vadanti. Manu nāma paṭhamakappiko lokamariyādāya ādibhūto hitāhitavidhāyako sattānaṃ pituṭṭhāniyo, yo sāsane mahāsammatoti vuccati, paccakkhato paramparāya <a name="V1.0257"></a> ca tassa ovādānusāsaniyaṃ ṭhitā tassa puttasadisatāya manussā mānusāti ca vuccanti. Tato eva hi te māṇavā ‘‘manujā’’ti ca voharīyanti, manussā ca te purisā cāti manussapurisā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Amanussapurisā</span>ti ettha na manussāti amanussā. Taṃsadisatā ettha jotīyati. Tena manussattamattaṃ natthi, aññaṃ samānanti yakkhādayo amanussāti adhippetā. Na ye keci manussehi aññe, tathā tiracchānapurisānaṃ visuṃ gahaṇaṃ kataṃ. Yakkhādayo eva ca niddiṭṭhā. Apalālo himavantavāsī, cūḷodaramahodarā nāgadīpavāsino, aggisikhadhūmasikhā sīhaḷadīpavāsino nibbisā katā dosavisassa vinodanena. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca patiṭṭhāpitā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Kūṭadantādayo</span>ti <a name="M1.0292"></a> <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena ghoramukhaupāligahapatiādīnaṃ saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Sakkādayo</span>ti <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena ajakalāpayakkhabakabrahmādīnaṃ saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. Etesaṃ pana damanaṃ tattha tattha vuttanayeneva sakkā viññātunti atippapañcabhāvato idha na vuccati. <span class="bld">Idañcettha suttaṃ vitthāretabba</span>nti idaṃ kesīsuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘vinītā vicitrehi vinayanūpāyehī’’</span>ti etasmiṃ atthe vitthāretabbaṃ yathārahaṃ saṇhādīhi upāyehi vinayanassa dīpanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Atthapada</span>nti atthābhibyañjanakaṃ padaṃ, vākyanti attho. Vākyena hi atthābhibyatti, na nāmādipadamattena, ekapadabhāvena ca anaññasādhāraṇo satthu purisadammasārathibhāvo dassito hoti. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘bhagavā hī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Aṭṭha disā</span>ti aṭṭha samāpattiyo. Tā hi aññamaññaṃ sambandhāpi asaṃkiṇṇabhāvena dissanti apadissanti, disā viyāti vā disā. <span class="bld">Asajjamānā</span>ti na sajjamānā vasībhāvappattiyā nissaṅgacārā. <span class="bld">Dhāvantī</span>ti javanavuttiyogato dhāvanti. <span class="bld">Ekaṃyeva disaṃ dhāvatī</span>ti attano kāyaṃ aparivattantoti adhippāyo, satthārā pana damitā purisadammā ekiriyāpatheneva aṭṭha disā dhāvanti. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘ekapallaṅkeneva nisinnā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Aṭṭha disā</span>ti ca nidassanamattametaṃ lokiyehi agatapubbaṃ nirodhasamāpattidisaṃ amatadisañca pakkhandanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehī</span>tiādīsu diṭṭhadhammo vuccati paccakkho attabhāvo, tattha niyuttoti diṭṭhadhammiko, idhalokattho. Kammakilesavasena samparetabbato sammā gantabbato samparāyo, paraloko. Tattha niyuttoti samparāyiko, paralokattho. Paramo uttamo attho paramattho, nibbānaṃ. Tehi diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi. <span class="bld">Yathāraha</span>nti yathānurūpaṃ, tesu tesu atthesu yo yo puggalo yaṃ yaṃ arahati, tadanurūpaṃ. <span class="bld">Anusāsatī</span>ti vineti tasmiṃ tasmiṃ atthe <a name="V1.0258"></a> patiṭṭhāpeti. Saha atthena vattatīti <span class="bld">sattho,</span> bhaṇḍamūlena vaṇijjāya desantaraṃ gacchanto janasamūho. Hitupadesādivasena paripāletabbo sāsitabbo so etassa atthīti <span class="bld">satthā</span> satthavāho niruttinayena. So viya bhagavāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘satthā viyāti satthā, bhagavā satthavāho’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="M1.0293"></a> tamatthaṃ niddesapāḷinayena dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yathā satthavāho’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">satthe</span>ti satthike jane. Kaṃ udakaṃ tārenti etthāti <span class="bld">kantāro,</span> nirudako araññappadeso. Ruḷhīvasena pana itaropi araññappadeso tathā vuccati. <span class="bld">Corakantāra</span>nti corehi adhiṭṭhitakantāraṃ, tathā <span class="bld">vāḷakantāraṃ</span>. <span class="bld">Dubbhikkhakantāra</span>nti dullabhabhikkhaṃ kantāraṃ. <span class="bld">Tāretī</span>ti akhemantaṭṭhānaṃ atikkāmeti. <span class="bld">Uttāretī</span>tiādi upasaggena padaṃ vaḍḍhetvā vuttaṃ. Atha vā <span class="bld">uttāretī</span>ti khemantabhūmiṃ upanento tāreti. <span class="bld">Nittāretī</span>ti akhemantaṭṭhānato nikkhāmento tāreti. <span class="bld">Patāretī</span>ti pariggahetvā tāreti, hatthena pariggahetvā tāreti viya tāretīti attho. Sabbampetaṃ tāraṇuttāraṇādi khemaṭṭhāne ṭhapanamevāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘khemantabhūmiṃ sampāpetī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Satte</span>ti veneyyasatte. Mahāgahanatāya mahānatthatāya dunnittharatāya ca jātiyeva kantāro <span class="bld">jātikantāro,</span> taṃ jātikantāraṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ukkaṭṭhaparicchedavasenā</span>ti ukkaṭṭhasattaparicchedavasena. Devamanussā eva hi ukkaṭṭhasattā, na tiracchānādayo. <span class="bld">Eta</span>nti ‘‘devamanussāna’’nti etaṃ vacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Bhabbapuggalaparicchedavasenā</span>ti sammattaniyāmokkamanassa yogyapuggalassa paricchindanavasena. <span class="bld">Bhagavato</span>ti nissakke sāmivacanaṃ yathā ‘‘upajjhāyato ajjhetī’’ti. Bhagavato santike vāti attho. <span class="bld">Upanissayasampatti</span>nti tihetukapaṭisandhiādikaṃ maggaphalādhigamassa balavakāraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Gaggarāyā</span>ti gaggarāya nāma rañño deviyā, tāya vā kāritattā ‘‘gaggarā’’ti laddhanāmāya. <span class="bld">Sare nimittaṃ aggahesī</span>ti ‘‘dhammo eso vuccatī’’ti dhammasaññāya sare nimittaṃ gaṇhi, gaṇhanto ca pasannacitto parisapariyante nipajji. <span class="bld">Sannirumbhitvā aṭṭhāsī</span>ti tassa sīse daṇḍassa ṭhapitabhāvaṃ apassanto tattha daṇḍaṃ uppīḷetvā aṭṭhāsi. Maṇḍūkopi daṇḍe ṭhapitepi uppīḷitepi dhammagatena pasādena vissaramakarontova kālamakāsi. Devaloke nibbattasattānaṃ ayaṃ dhammatā, yā ‘‘kutohaṃ idha nibbatto, tattha kinnu kho kammamakāsi’’nti āvajjanā. Tasmā attano purimabhavassa diṭṭhattā āha <span class="bld">‘‘are ahampi nāma idha nibbatto’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Bhagavato pāde sirasā vandī</span>ti kataññutāsaṃvaḍḍhitena pemagāravabahumānena vandi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Jānantova</span> <a name="M1.0294"></a><a name="V1.0259"></a> <span class="bld">pucchī</span>ti mahājanassa kammaphalaṃ buddhānubhāvañca paccakkhaṃ kātukāmo bhagavā <span class="bld">‘‘ko me vandatī’’</span>ti gāthāya pucchi. Tattha (vi. va. aṭṭha. 857) <span class="bld">ko</span>ti devanāgayakkhagandhabbādīsu ko, katamoti attho. <span class="bld">Me</span>ti mama. <span class="bld">Pādānī</span>ti pāde. <span class="bld">Iddhiyā</span>ti imāya evarūpāya deviddhiyā. <span class="bld">Yasasā</span>ti iminā edisena yasena ca parivārena ca. <span class="bld">Jala</span>nti vijjotamāno. <span class="bld">Abhikkantenā</span>ti ativiya kantena kāmanīyena sundarena. <span class="bld">Vaṇṇenā</span>ti chavivaṇṇena sarīravaṇṇanibhāya. <span class="bld">Sabbā obhāsayaṃ disā</span>ti sabbā dasapi disā pabhāsento, cando viya sūriyo viya ca ekobhāsaṃ ekālokaṃ karontoti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ pana bhagavatā pucchito devaputto attānaṃ pavedento <span class="bld">‘‘maṇḍūkohaṃ pure āsi’’</span>nti gāthamāha. Tattha <span class="bld">pure</span>ti purimajātiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Udake</span>ti idaṃ tadā attano uppattiṭṭhānadassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Udake maṇḍūko</span>ti tena uddhumāyikādikassa thale maṇḍūkassa nivattanaṃ kataṃ hoti. Gāvo caranti etthāti gocaro, gunnaṃ ghāsesanaṭṭhānaṃ. Idha pana gocaro viyāti gocaro, vāri udakaṃ gocaro etassāti <span class="bld">vārigocaro</span>. Udakacārīpi hi koci kacchapādi avārigocaropi hotīti ‘‘vārigocaro’’ti visesetvā vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Tava dhammaṃ suṇantassā</span>ti brahmassarena karavīkarutamañjunā desentassa tava dhammaṃ ‘‘dhammo eso vuccatī’’ti sare nimittaggāhavasena suṇantassa. Anādare cetaṃ sāmivacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Avadhī vacchapālako</span>ti vacche rakkhanto gopālakadārako mama samīpaṃ āgantvā daṇḍamolubbha tiṭṭhanto mama sīse daṇḍaṃ sannirumbhitvā maṃ māresīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sitaṃ katvā</span>ti ‘‘tathā parittatarenapi puññānubhāvena evaṃ ativiya uḷārā lokiyalokuttarasampattiyo labbhantī’’ti pītisomanassajāto bhāsurataradhavaḷavipphurantadasanakhakiraṇāvaḷīhi bhiyyoso mattāya taṃ padesaṃ obhāsento sitaṃ katvā. Pītisomanassavasena hi so –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Muhuttaṃ cittapasādassa, iddhiṃ passa yasañca me;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ānubhāvañca me passa, vaṇṇaṃ passa jutiñca me.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ye <a name="M1.0295"></a> ca te dīghamaddhānaṃ, dhammaṃ assosuṃ gotama;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pattā te acalaṭṭhānaṃ, yattha gantvā na socare’’ti. (vi. va. 859-860) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Imā <a name="V1.0260"></a> dve gāthā vatvā pakkāmi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yaṃ pana kiñcī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">ya</span>nti aniyamitavacanaṃ, tathā <span class="bld">kiñcī</span>ti. <span class="bld">Panā</span>ti vacanālaṅkāramattaṃ. Tasmā yaṃ kiñcīti ñeyyassa anavasesapariyādānaṃ kataṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Panā</span>ti vā visesatthadīpako nipāto. Tena ‘‘sammāsambuddho’’ti iminā saṅkhepato vitthārato ca satthu catusaccābhisambodho vutto. <span class="bld">Buddho</span>ti pana iminā tadaññassapi ñeyyassa avabodho. Purimena vā satthu paṭivedhañāṇānubhāvo, pacchimena desanāñāṇānubhāvo. <span class="bld">Pī</span>-ti upari vuccamāno viseso jotīyati. <span class="bld">Vimokkhantikañāṇavasenā</span>ti ettha sabbaso paṭipakkhehi vimuccatīti vimokkho, aggamaggo, tassa anto, aggaphalaṃ, tasmiṃ laddhe laddhabbato tattha bhavaṃ <span class="bld">vimokkhantikaṃ, ñāṇaṃ</span> sabbaññutaññāṇena saddhiṃ sabbampi buddhañāṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Evaṃ pavatto</span>ti ettha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Sabbaññutāya buddho, sabbadassāvitāya buddho, anaññaneyyatāya buddho, visavitāya buddho, khīṇāsavasaṅkhātena buddho, nirupalepasaṅkhātena buddho, ekantavītarāgoti buddho, ekantavītadosoti buddho, ekantavītamohoti buddho, ekantanikkilesoti buddho, ekāyanamaggaṃ gatoti buddho, eko anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddhoti buddho, abuddhivihatattā buddhipaṭilābhā buddho. Buddhoti netaṃ nāmaṃ mātarā kataṃ, na pitarā kataṃ, na bhātarā kataṃ, na bhaginiyā kataṃ, na mittāmaccehi kataṃ, na ñātisālohitehi kataṃ, na samaṇabrāhmaṇehi kataṃ, na devatāhi kataṃ, vimokkhantikametaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ bodhiyā mūle saha sabbaññutaññāṇassa paṭilābhā sacchikā paññatti yadidaṃ buddho’’ti (mahāni. 192) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ayaṃ <a name="M1.0296"></a> niddesapāḷinayo. Yasmā cettha tassā paṭisambhidāpāḷiyā (paṭi. ma. 1.162) bhedo natthi, tasmā dvīsu ekenapi atthasiddhīti dassanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘paṭisambhidānayo vā’’</span>ti aniyamattho <span class="bld">vā</span>saddo vutto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha (paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 2.1.162; mahāni. aṭṭha. 192) yathā loke avagantā ‘‘avagato’’ti vuccati, evaṃ <span class="bld">bujjhitā saccānīti buddho</span> suddhakattuvasena. Yathā paṇṇasosā vātā ‘‘paṇṇasusā’’ti vuccanti, evaṃ <span class="bld">bodhetā pajāyāti buddho</span> hetukattuvasena. Hetuattho cettha antonīto<a name="V1.0261"></a>. <span class="bld">Sabbaññutāya buddho</span>ti sabbadhammabujjhanasamatthāya buddhiyā buddhoti attho. <span class="bld">Sabbadassāvitāya buddho</span>ti sabbadhammabodhanasamatthāya buddhiyā buddhoti attho. <span class="bld">Anaññaneyyatāya buddho</span>ti aññena abodhito sayameva buddhattā buddhoti attho. <span class="bld">Visavitāya buddho</span>ti nānāguṇavisavanato padumamiva vikasanaṭṭhena buddhoti attho. <span class="bld">Khīṇāsavasaṅkhātena buddho</span>ti evamādīhi chahi padehi cittasaṅkocakaradhammappahānena niddākkhayavibuddho puriso viya sabbakilesaniddākkhayavibuddhattā buddhoti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha saṅkhā saṅkhātanti atthato ekattā <span class="bld">saṅkhātenā</span>ti vacanassa koṭṭhāsenāti attho. Taṇhālepadiṭṭhilepābhāvena <span class="bld">nirupalepasaṅkhātena</span>. Savāsanānaṃ sabbakilesānaṃ pahīnattā ekantavacaneneva visesetvā <span class="bld">‘‘ekantavītarāgo’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ekantanikkileso</span>ti rāgadosamohāvasesehi sabbakilesehi nikkileso. <span class="bld">Ekāyanamaggaṃ gatoti buddho</span>ti gamanatthānaṃ buddhiatthatā viya buddhiatthānampi gamanatthatā labbhatīti ekāyanamaggaṃ gatattā buddhoti vuccatīti attho. <span class="bld">Eko anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddhoti buddho</span>ti na parehi buddhattā buddho, atha kho sayameva anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddhattā buddhoti attho. <span class="bld">Abuddhivihatattā buddhipaṭilābhā buddho</span>ti buddhi buddhaṃ bodhoti anatthantaraṃ. Tattha yathā rattaguṇayogato ratto paṭo, evaṃ buddhaguṇayogato buddhoti ñāpanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Tato paraṃ <span class="bld">buddhoti netaṃ nāma</span>ntiādi atthānugatāyaṃ paññattīti bodhanatthaṃ vuttanti evamettha imināpi kāraṇena bhagavā buddhoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="M1.0297"></a> <span class="bld">bhagavā</span>ti imassa atthaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘bhagavāti idaṃ panassā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">assā</span>ti bhagavato. <span class="bld">Guṇavisiṭṭhasattuttamagarugāravādhivacana</span>nti sabbehi sīlādiguṇehi visiṭṭhassa tato eva sabbasattehi uttamassa garuno gāravavasena vuccamānavacanametaṃ bhagavāti. Tathā hi lokanātho aparimitanirupamappabhāvasīlādiguṇavisesasamaṅgitāya sabbānatthaparihārapubbaṅgamāya niravasesahitasukhavidhānatapparāya niratisayāya payogasampattiyā sadevamanussāya pajāya accantupakāritāya ca aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ uttamaṃ gāravaṭṭhānanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭha</span>nti seṭṭhavācakaṃ vacanaṃ seṭṭhaguṇasahacaraṇato ‘‘seṭṭha’’nti vuttaṃ. Atha vā vuccatīti vacanaṃ, attho, tasmā yo ‘‘bhagavā’’ti vacanena vacanīyo attho, so seṭṭhoti attho. <span class="bld">Bhagavāti vacanamuttama</span>nti etthāpi eseva nayo. <span class="bld">Gāravayutto</span>ti garubhāvayutto garuguṇayogato. Garukaraṇaṃ vā sātisayaṃ arahatīti gāravayutto, gāravārahoti attho. ‘‘Sippādisikkhāpakā garū honti, na ca gāravayuttā, ayaṃ pana tādiso na hoti, tasmā ‘garū’ti vatvā ‘gāravayutto’ti vutta’’nti keci.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Guṇavisesahetukaṃ <a name="V1.0262"></a> ‘‘bhagavā’’ti idaṃ bhagavato nāmanti saṅkhepato vuttamatthaṃ vitthārato vibhajitukāmo nāmaṃyeva tāva atthuddhāravasena dassento <span class="bld">‘‘catubbidhañhi nāma’’</span>ntiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">āvatthika</span>nti avatthāya viditaṃ taṃ taṃ avatthaṃ upādāya paññattaṃ voharitaṃ. Tathā <span class="bld">liṅgikaṃ</span> tena tena liṅgena voharitaṃ. <span class="bld">Nemittika</span>nti nimittato āgataṃ. <span class="bld">Adhiccasamuppanna</span>nti yadicchāya pavattaṃ, yadicchāya āgataṃ yadicchakaṃ. Idāni āvatthikādīni nāmāni sarūpato dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘tattha vaccho dammo balibaddo’’</span>tiādi. Tattha paṭhamena <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena bālo yuvā vuḍḍhoti evamādiṃ saṅgaṇhāti, dutiyena muṇḍī jaṭīti evamādiṃ, tatiyena bahussuto dhammakathiko jhāyīti evamādiṃ, catutthena aghapadīpanaṃ pāvacananti evamādiṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Nemittikanti vuttamatthaṃ byatirekavasena patiṭṭhāpetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘na mahāmāyāyā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Vimokkhantika</span>nti iminā pana idaṃ nāmaṃ ariyāya jātiyā jātakkhaṇeyeva jātanti dasseti. Yadi <a name="M1.0298"></a> vimokkhantikaṃ, atha kasmā aññehi khīṇāsavehi asādhāraṇanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘saha sabbaññutaññāṇassa paṭilābhā’’</span>ti. Buddhānañhi arahattaphalaṃ nipphajjamānaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇādīhi sabbehi buddhaguṇehi saddhiṃyeva nipphajjati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘vimokkhantika’’nti. <span class="bld">Sacchikā paññattī</span>ti sabbadhammānaṃ sacchikiriyāya nimittā paññatti. Atha vā <span class="bld">sacchikā paññattī</span>ti paccakkhasiddhā paññatti. Yaṃguṇanimittā hi sā, te satthu paccakkhabhūtā, taṃguṇā viya sāpi sacchikatā eva nāma hoti, na paresaṃ vohāramattenāti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vadantī</span>ti mahātherassa garubhāvato bahuvacanenāha, saṅgītikārehi vā katamanuvādaṃ sandhāya. Issariyādibhedo bhago assa atthīti <span class="bld">bhagī</span>. Maggaphalādiariyadhammaratanaṃ araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni appasaddādiguṇayuttāni bhaji sevi sīlenāti <span class="bld">bhajī,</span> bhajanasīloti attho. <span class="bld">Bhāgī</span>ti cīvarapiṇḍapātādīnaṃ catunnaṃ paccayānañceva atthadhammavimuttirasassa ca adhisīlādīnañca bhāgīti attho. Vibhaji pavibhaji dhammaratananti <span class="bld">vibhattavā</span>. <span class="bld">Akāsi bhagga</span>nti rāgādipāpadhammaṃ bhaggaṃ akāsīti bhagavāti attho. Garupi loke bhagavāti vuccatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘garū’’</span>ti. Yasmā garu, tasmāpi bhagavāti vuttaṃ hoti. Hetuattho hi <span class="bld">iti</span>-saddo. So ca yattha iti-saddo natthi bhagītiādīsu, tattha paccekaṃ yojetabbo. Bhāgyamassa atthīti <span class="bld">bhāgyavā</span>. <span class="bld">Bahūhi ñāyehī</span>ti kāyabhāvanādikehi anekehi bhāvanākkamehi. <span class="bld">Subhāvitattano</span>ti sammadeva bhāvitasabhāvassa. Paccatte cetaṃ sāmivacanaṃ, tena subhāvitattāti vuttaṃ hoti, subhāvitasabhāvoti attho. <span class="bld">Mahāgaṇṭhipade</span> pana ‘‘subhāvitattano subhāvitakāyo’’ti vuttaṃ. Bhavānaṃ antaṃ nibbānaṃ gatoti <span class="bld">bhavantago</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Niddese</span> <a name="V1.0263"></a> <span class="bld">vuttanayenā</span>ti etthāyaṃ niddesanayo –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Bhagavāti gāravādhivacanametaṃ. Apica bhaggarāgoti bhagavā, bhaggadosoti bhagavā, bhaggamohoti bhagavā, bhaggamānoti bhagavā, bhaggadiṭṭhīti bhagavā, bhaggataṇhoti bhagavā, bhaggakilesoti bhagavā, bhaji vibhaji pavibhaji dhammaratananti bhagavā, bhavānaṃ antakaroti <a name="M1.0299"></a> bhagavā, bhāvitakāyo bhāvitasīlo bhāvitacitto bhāvitapaññoti bhagavā, bhaji vā bhagavā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni appasaddāni appanigghosāni vijanavātāni manussarāhasseyyakāni paṭisallānasāruppānīti bhagavā. Bhāgī vā bhagavā cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānanti bhagavā. Bhāgī vā bhagavā attharasassa dhammarasassa vimuttirasassa adhisīlassa adhicittassa adhipaññāyāti bhagavā. Bhāgī vā bhagavā catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ catunnaṃ appamaññānaṃ catunnaṃ arūpasamāpattīnanti bhagavā. Bhāgī vā bhagavā aṭṭhannaṃ vimokkhānaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ abhibhāyatanānaṃ navannaṃ anupubbavihārasamāpattīnanti bhagavā. Bhāgī vā bhagavā dasannaṃ saññābhāvanānaṃ dasannaṃ kasiṇasamāpattīnaṃ ānāpānassatisamādhissa asubhasamāpattiyāti bhagavā. Bhāgī vā bhagavā catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ catunnaṃ sammappadhānānaṃ catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ pañcannaṃ balānaṃ sattannaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ ariyassa aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassāti bhagavā. Bhāgī vā bhagavā dasannaṃ tathāgatabalānaṃ catunnaṃ vesārajjānaṃ catunnaṃ paṭisambhidānaṃ channaṃ abhiññānaṃ channaṃ buddhadhammānanti bhagavā. Bhagavāti netaṃ nāmaṃ…pe… sacchikā paññatti yadidaṃ bhagavā’’ti (mahāni. 84).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca ‘‘gāravādhivacana’’ntiādīni yadipi gāthāyaṃ āgatapadānukkamena na niddiṭṭhāni, yathārahaṃ pana tesaṃ sabbesampi niddesabhāvena veditabbāni. Tattha <span class="bld">gāravādhivacana</span>nti garūnaṃ garubhāvavācakaṃ vacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Bhajī</span>ti bhāgaso kathesi. Tenāha ‘‘vibhaji pavibhaji dhammaratana’’nti. Maggaphalādi ariyadhammoyeva <span class="bld">dhammaratanaṃ</span>. Puna <span class="bld">bhajī</span>ti imassa sevīti attho. <span class="bld">Bhāgī</span>ti bhāgābhidheyyavā. Puna <span class="bld">bhāgī</span>ti ettha bhajanasīloti attho. <span class="bld">Attharasassā</span>ti atthasannissayassa rasassa. Vimuttāyatanasīse hi ṭhatvā dhammaṃ kathentassa suṇantassa ca tadatthaṃ ārabbha uppajjanakapītisomanassaṃ attharaso. Dhammaṃ ārabbha <span class="bld">dhammaraso</span>. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammaveda’’nti (a. ni. 6.10). <span class="bld">Vimuttirasassā</span>ti vimuttibhūtassa vimuttisannissayassa vā rasassa. <span class="bld">Saññābhāvanāna</span>nti <a name="M1.0300"></a> aniccasaññādīnaṃ dasannaṃ saññābhāvanānaṃ<a name="V1.0264"></a>. <span class="bld">Channaṃ buddhadhammāna</span>nti cha asādhāraṇañāṇāni sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tattha tattha bhagavātisaddasiddhi niruttinayeneva veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadipi ‘‘bhāgyavā’’tiādīhi padehi vuccamāno attho ‘‘bhagī bhajī’’ti (mahāni. 84) niddesagāthāya saṅgahito eva, tathāpi padasiddhiatthavibhāgaatthayojanādisahito saṃvaṇṇanānayo tato aññākāroti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ayaṃ pana aparo nayo’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Vaṇṇavipariyāyoti eta</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">iti</span>saddo ādiattho, tena vaṇṇavikāro vaṇṇalopo dhātuatthena niyojanañcāti imaṃ tividhaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. <span class="bld">Saddanayenā</span>ti saddalakkhaṇanayena. Pisodarādīnaṃ saddānaṃ ākatigaṇabhāvato vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘pisodarādipakkhepalakkhaṇaṃ gahetvā’’</span>ti. Pakkhipanameva lakkhaṇaṃ. Tappariyāpannatākaraṇañhi pakkhipanaṃ. <span class="bld">Pārappatta</span>nti paramukkaṃsagataṃ pāramībhāvappattaṃ. <span class="bld">Bhāgya</span>nti kusalaṃ. Tattha maggakusalaṃ lokuttarasukhanibbattakaṃ, itaraṃ lokiyasukhanibbattakaṃ, itarampi vā vivaṭṭupanissayaṃ pariyāyato lokuttarasukhanibbattakaṃ siyā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">bhagavā</span>ti imassa atthaṃ vibhajitvā dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘yasmā panā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha lobhādayo ekakavasena gahitā, tathā viparītamanasikāro vipallāsabhāvasāmaññena, ahirikādayo dukavasena. Tattha kujjhanalakkhaṇo <span class="bld">kodho,</span> so navavidhaāghātavatthusambhavo. ‘‘Akkocchi maṃ avadhi ma’’ntiādinā (dha. pa. 3-4) punappunaṃ kujjhanavasena cittapariyonandhano <span class="bld">upanāho</span>. Ubhayampi paṭighoyeva, so pavattinānattato bhinditvā vutto. Sakiṃ uppanno kodho kodhoyeva, taduttari upanāho. Vuttañcetaṃ ‘‘pubbakāle kodho, aparakāle upanāho’’ti (vibha. 891). Agāriyassa (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.71) anagāriyassa vā sukatakaraṇavināsano <span class="bld">makkho</span>. Agāriyopi hi kenaci anukampakena daliddo samāno ucce ṭhāne ṭhapito aparena samayena ‘‘kiṃ tayā mayhaṃ kata’’nti tassa sukatakaraṇaṃ vināseti. Anagāriyopi sāmaṇerakālato pabhuti ācariyena vā upajjhāyena vā catūhi paccayehi uddesaparipucchādīhi ca anuggahetvā dhammakathānayappakaraṇakosallādīni sikkhāpito aparena <a name="M1.0301"></a> samayena rājarājamahāmattādīhi sakkato garukato ācariyupajjhāyesu acittīkato caramāno ‘‘ayaṃ amhehi daharakāle evaṃ anuggahito saṃvaḍḍhito ca, atha ca panidāni nissineho jāto’’ti vuccamāno ‘‘kiṃ mayhaṃ tumhehi kata’’nti tesaṃ sukatakaraṇaṃ vināseti, tasseso pubbakāritālakkhaṇassa guṇassa vināsano udakapuñchaniyā viya sarīrānugataṃ udakaṃ nipuñchanto makkho. Tathā hi so paresaṃ guṇānaṃ makkhanaṭṭhena ‘‘makkho’’ti vuccati. Paḷāsatīti <span class="bld">paḷāso,</span> parassa guṇe dassetvā attano guṇehi same karotīti attho. So pana bahussutepi <a name="V1.0265"></a> puggale ajjhottharitvā ‘‘īdisassa ca bahussutassa aniyatā gati, tava vā mama vā ko viseso’’ti, rattaññū cirapabbajite puggale ajjhottharitvā ‘‘tvampi imasmiṃ sāsane pabbajito, ahampi pabbajito, tvampi sīlamatte ṭhito, ahampī’’tiādinā nayena uppajjamāno yugaggāho. Yugaggāhalakkhaṇo hi paḷāso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paresaṃ sakkārādīni khīyamānā usūyamānā <span class="bld">issā</span>. Attano sampattiyā nigūhanaṃ parehi sādhāraṇabhāvaṃ asahamānaṃ <span class="bld">macchariyaṃ</span>. Vañcanikacariyabhūtā <span class="bld">māyā,</span> sā sakadosapaṭicchādanalakkhaṇā. Tathā hi sā attano vijjamānadosapaṭicchādanato cakkhumohanamāyā viyāti ‘‘māyā’’ti vuccati. Attano avijjamānaguṇappakāsanalakkhaṇaṃ kerāṭikabhāvena uppajjamānaṃ <span class="bld">sāṭheyyaṃ</span>. Asantaguṇadīpanañhi ‘‘kerāṭiya’’nti vuccati. Kerāṭiko hi puggalo āyanamaccho viya hoti. Āyanamaccho nāma sappamukhamacchavālā ekā macchajāti. So kira macchānaṃ naṅguṭṭhaṃ dasseti, sappānaṃ sīsaṃ ‘‘tumhākaṃ sadiso aha’’nti jānāpetuṃ, evameva kerāṭiko puggalo yaṃ yaṃ suttantikaṃ vā ābhidhammikaṃ vā upasaṅkamati, taṃ taṃ evaṃ vadati ‘‘ahaṃ tumhākaṃ antevāsī, tumhe mayhaṃ anukampakā, nāhaṃ tumhe muñcāmī’’ti. Evamete ‘‘sagāravo ayaṃ amhesu sappatisso’’ti maññissanti, tassevaṃ kerāṭikabhāvena uppajjamānaṃ sāṭheyyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbaso maddavābhāvena vātabharitabhastasadisassa thaddhabhāvassa anonamitadaṇḍasadisatāya paggahitasiraanivātavuttikāyassa ca kārako <a name="M1.0302"></a> <span class="bld">thambho</span>. Taduttarikaraṇo <span class="bld">sārambho</span>. So duvidhena labbhati akusalavasena ceva kusalavasena ca. Tattha agāriyassa parena kataṃ alaṅkārādiṃ disvā taddiguṇataddiguṇakaraṇena uppajjamāno, anagāriyassa ca yattakaṃ yattakaṃ paro pariyāpuṇāti vā katheti vā, mānavasena taddiguṇataddiguṇakaraṇena uppajjamāno akusalo. Tena hi samannāgato puggalo taddiguṇaṃ taddiguṇaṃ karoti. Agāriyo samāno ekenekasmiṃ gharavatthusmiṃ sajjite aparo dve vatthūni sajjeti, aparo cattāro, aparo aṭṭha, aparo soḷasa. Anagāriyo samāno ekenekasmiṃ nikāye gahite ‘‘nāhaṃ etassa heṭṭhā bhavissāmī’’ti aparo dve gaṇhāti, aparo tayo, aparo cattāro, aparo pañca. Sārambhavasena hi gaṇhituṃ na vaṭṭati. Akusalapakkho hesa nirayagāmimaggo. Agāriyassa pana paraṃ ekaṃ salākabhattaṃ dentaṃ disvā attano dve vā tīṇi vā dātukāmatāya uppajjamāno, anagāriyassa ca parena ekanikāye gahite mānaṃ anissāya kevalaṃ taṃ disvā attano ālasiyaṃ abhibhuyya dve nikāye gahetukāmatāya uppajjamāno kusalo. Kusalapakkhavasena hi ekasmiṃ ekaṃ salākabhattaṃ dente dve, dve dente cattāri dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Bhikkhunāpi <a name="V1.0266"></a> parena ekasmiṃ nikāye gahite ‘‘dve nikāye gahetvā sajjhāyantassa me phāsu hotī’’ti vivaṭṭapakkhe ṭhatvā taduttari gaṇhituṃ vaṭṭati, idha pana akusalapakkhiyo taduttarikaraṇo ‘‘sārambho’’ti vutto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Jātiādīni nissāya seyyassa ‘‘seyyohamasmī’’tiādinā unnativasena paggaṇhanavasena pavatto <span class="bld">māno</span>. Abbhunnativasena pavatto <span class="bld">atimāno</span>. Pubbe kenaci attānaṃ sadisaṃ katvā pacchā tato adhikato dahato uppajjamānako atimānoti veditabbo. Jātiādiṃ paṭicca majjanākāro <span class="bld">mado,</span> sopi atthato māno eva. So pana jātimado gottamado ārogyamado yobbanamado jīvitamado lābhamado sakkāramado garukāramado purekkhāramado parivāramado bhogamado vaṇṇamado sutamado paṭibhānamado rattaññumado piṇḍapātikamado anavaññattimado iriyāpathamado iddhimado yasamado sīlamado jhānamado sippamado ārohamado pariṇāhamado saṇṭhānamado pāripūrimadoti anekavidho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M1.0303"></a> (vibha. aṭṭha. 843-844) jātiṃ nissāya uppanno majjanākārappavatto māno <span class="bld">jātimado,</span> so khattiyādīnaṃ catunnampi vaṇṇānaṃ uppajjati. Jātisampanno hi khattiyo ‘‘mādiso añño natthi, avasesā antarā uṭṭhāya khattiyā jātā, ahaṃ pana vaṃsāgatakhattiyo’’ti mānaṃ karoti. Brāhmaṇādīsupi eseva nayo. Gottaṃ nissāya uppanno majjanākārappavatto māno <span class="bld">gottamado,</span> sopi khattiyādīnaṃ catunnampi vaṇṇānaṃ uppajjati. Khattiyopi hi ‘‘ahaṃ koṇḍaññagotto, ahaṃ ādiccagotto’’ti mānaṃ karoti. Brāhmaṇopi ‘‘ahaṃ kassapagotto, ahaṃ bhāradvājagotto’’ti mānaṃ karoti. Vessopi suddopi attano attano kulagottaṃ nissāya mānaṃ karoti. Ārogyamadādīsupi ‘‘ahaṃ arogo, sesā rogabahulā, kaṇḍuvanamattampi mayhaṃ byādhi nāma natthī’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">ārogyamado</span> nāma. ‘‘Ahaṃ taruṇo, avasesasattānaṃ attabhāvo papāte ṭhitarukkhasadiso, ahaṃ pana paṭhamavaye ṭhito’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">yobbanamado</span>. ‘‘Ahaṃ ciraṃ jīviṃ, ciraṃ jīvāmi, ciraṃ jīvissāmi, sukhaṃ jīviṃ, sukhaṃ jīvāmi, sukhaṃ jīvissāmī’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">jīvitamado</span> nāma. ‘‘Ahaṃ lābhī, avasesā sattā appalābhā, mayhaṃ pana lābhassa pamāṇaṃ natthī’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">lābhamado</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Avasesā sattā yaṃ vā taṃ vā labhanti, ahaṃ pana sukataṃ paṇītaṃ cīvarādipaccayaṃ labhāmī’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">sakkāramado</span> nāma. ‘‘Avasesabhikkhūnaṃ pādapiṭṭhiyaṃ akkamitvā <a name="V1.0267"></a> gacchantā manussā ‘ayaṃ samaṇo’tipi na vandanti, maṃ pana disvā vandanti, pāsāṇacchattaṃ viya garukaṃ katvā aggikkhandhaṃ viya ca durāsadaṃ katvā maññantī’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">garukāramado</span> nāma. ‘‘Uppanno pañho mayhameva mukhena chijjati, bhikkhācāraṃ gacchantāpi āgacchantāpi mameva purato katvā parivāretvā gacchantī’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">purekkhāramado</span> nāma. Agāriyassa tāva mahāparivārassa ‘‘purisasatampi purisasahassampi maṃ parivāretī’’ti, anagāriyassa ‘‘samaṇasatampi samaṇasahassampi maṃ parivāreti, sesā appaparivārā, ahaṃ mahāparivāro ceva suciparivāro cā’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">parivāramado</span> nāma. ‘‘Avasesā sattā attano <a name="M1.0304"></a> paribhogamattakampi na labhanti, mayhaṃ pana nidhānagatasseva dhanassa pamāṇaṃ natthī’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">bhogamado</span> nāma. ‘‘Avasesā sattā dubbaṇṇā durūpā, ahaṃ abhirūpo pāsādiko’’tipi ‘‘avasesasattā nigguṇā patthaṭaakittino, mayhaṃ pana kittisaddo devamanussesu pākaṭo ‘itipi thero bahussuto, itipi sīlavā, itipi dhutaguṇayutto’’’ti, evaṃ sarīravaṇṇaṃ guṇavaṇṇañca paṭicca majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">vaṇṇamado</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Avasesā sattā appassutā, ahaṃ pana bahussuto’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">sutamado</span> nāma. ‘‘Avasesā sattā appaṭibhānā, mayhaṃ pana paṭibhānassa pamāṇaṃ natthī’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">paṭibhānamado</span> nāma. ‘‘Ahaṃ rattaññū asukaṃ buddhavaṃsaṃ rājavaṃsaṃ janapadavaṃsaṃ gāmavaṃsaṃ rattindivaparicchedaṃ nakkhattamuhuttayogaṃ jānāmī’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">rattaññumado</span> nāma. ‘‘Avasesā bhikkhū antarā piṇḍapātikā jātā, ahaṃ pana jātipiṇḍapātiko’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">piṇḍapātikamado</span> nāma. ‘‘Avasesā sattā uññātā avaññātā, ahaṃ pana anavaññāto’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">anavaññattimado</span> nāma. ‘‘Avasesānaṃ sattānaṃ iriyāpatho apāsādiko, mayhaṃ pana pāsādiko’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">iriyāpathamado</span> nāma. ‘‘Avasesā sattā chinnapakkhakākasadisā, ahaṃ pana mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo’’ti vā ‘‘ahaṃ yaṃ yaṃ kammaṃ karomi, taṃ taṃ ijjhatī’’ti vā majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">iddhimado</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yasamado</span> pana agārikenapi anagārikenapi dīpetabbo. Agārikopi hi ekacco aṭṭhārasasu seṇīsu ekissā jeṭṭhako hoti, tassa ‘‘avasese purise ahaṃ paṭṭhapemi, ahaṃ vicāremī’’ti, anagārikopi ekacco katthaci jeṭṭhako hoti, tassa ‘‘avasesā bhikkhū mayhaṃ ovāde vattanti, ahaṃ jeṭṭhako’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">yasamado</span> nāma. ‘‘Avasesā <a name="V1.0268"></a> sattā dussīlā, ahaṃ pana sīlavā’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">sīlamado</span> nāma. ‘‘Avasesānaṃ sattānaṃ kukkuṭassa udakapānamattepi kāle cittekaggatā natthi, ahaṃ pana upacārappanānaṃ lābhī’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">jhānamado</span> nāma. ‘‘Avasesā sattā nissippā, ahaṃ sippavā’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <a name="M1.0305"></a> <span class="bld">sippamado</span> nāma. ‘‘Avasesā sattā rassā, ahaṃ dīgho’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">ārohamado</span> nāma. ‘‘Avasesā sattā rassā vā honti dīghā vā, ahaṃ nigrodhaparimaṇḍalo’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">pariṇāhamado</span> nāma. ‘‘Avasesānaṃ sattānaṃ sarīrasaṇṭhānaṃ virūpaṃ bībhacchaṃ, mayhaṃ pana manāpaṃ pāsādika’’nti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">saṇṭhānamado</span> nāma. ‘‘Avasesānaṃ sattānaṃ sarīre bahū dosā, mayhaṃ pana sarīre kesaggamattampi vajjaṃ natthī’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">pāripūrimado</span> nāma. Evamayaṃ sabbopi jātiādiṃ nissāya majjanākāravasappavatto māno idha ‘‘mado’’ti vutto. Kāmaguṇesu cittassa vossaggo <span class="bld">pamādo,</span> pañcasu kāmaguṇesu satiyā aniggaṇhitvā cittassa vossajjanaṃ, sativirahoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Taṇhāvijjā</span> pākaṭāyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Lobhādayo ca puna <span class="bld">tividhākusalamūla</span>nti tikavasena gahitā. Duccaritādīsupi <span class="bld">tividha</span>-saddo paccekaṃ yojetabbo. Tattha kāyaduccaritādīni <span class="bld">tividhaduccaritāni</span>. Taṇhāsaṃkilesādayo <span class="bld">tividhasaṃkilesā</span>. Rāgamalādayo malīnabhāvakarattā <span class="bld">tividhamalāni</span>. Rāgādayo hi cittaṃ malīnaṃ karonti, malaṃ gāhāpenti, tasmā ‘‘malānī’’ti vuccanti. ‘‘Rāgo visamaṃ, doso visamaṃ, moho visama’’nti (vibha. 924) evaṃ vuttā rāgādayo ‘‘kāyavisamaṃ vacīvisamaṃ manovisama’’nti (vibha. 924) evamāgatā kāyaduccaritādayo ca <span class="bld">tividhavisamāni</span>. Tāni pana yasmā rāgādīsu ceva kāyaduccaritādīsu ca sattā pakkhalanti, pakkhalitā ca sāsanatopi sugatitopi patanti, tasmā pakkhalanapātahetubhāvato ‘‘visamānī’’ti vuccanti. ‘‘Kāmasaññā byāpādasaññā vihiṃsāsaññā’’ti (vibha. 911) evamāgatā kāmādipaṭisaṃyuttā saññā <span class="bld">tividhasaññā</span>. Tathā ‘‘kāmavitakko byāpādavitakko vihiṃsāvitakko’’ti evamāgatā <span class="bld">tividhavitakkā</span>. Taṇhāpapañco diṭṭhipapañco mānapapañcoti ime <span class="bld">tividhapapañcā</span>. Vaṭṭasmiṃ satte papañcentīti taṇhādayo ‘‘papañcā’’ti vuccanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Catubbidhavipariyesā</span>tiādīsu <span class="bld">catubbidha</span>-saddo paccekaṃ yojetabbo. Tattha aniccādīni vatthūni niccantiādinā nayena viparītato esantīti vipariyesā. ‘‘Anicce niccanti saññāvipariyeso cittavipariyeso diṭṭhivipariyeso<a name="M1.0306"></a>, dukkhe sukhanti saññāvipariyeso cittavipariyeso diṭṭhivipariyeso, asubhe subhanti saññāvipariyeso cittavipariyeso diṭṭhivipariyeso<a name="V1.0269"></a>, anattani attāti saññāvipariyeso cittavipariyeso diṭṭhivipariyeso’’ti evamāgatā dvādasa vipallāsā catunnaṃ aniccādivatthūnaṃ vasena ‘‘catubbidhavipariyesā’’ti vuttā. Ettha pana cittakiccassa dubbalaṭṭhāne diṭṭhivirahitāya akusalasaññāya sakakiccassa balavakāle saññāvipallāso veditabbo, diṭṭhivirahitasseva akusalacittassa sakakiccassa balavakāle cittavipallāso, diṭṭhisampayuttacitte diṭṭhivipallāso. Tasmā sabbadubbalo saññāvipallāso, tato balavataro cittavipallāso, sabbabalavataro diṭṭhivipallāso. Ajātabuddhidārakassa kahāpaṇadassanaṃ viya saññā ārammaṇassa upaṭṭhānākāramattagahaṇato. Gāmikapurisassa kahāpaṇadassanaṃ viya cittaṃ lakkhaṇappaṭivedhassapi sampādanato. Kammārassa mahāsaṇḍāsena ayogahaṇaṃ viya diṭṭhi abhinivesaparāmasanato. Tattha cattāro diṭṭhivipallāsā, aniccānattesu niccantiādivasappavattā cattāro saññācittavipallāsāti ime aṭṭha vipallāsā sotāpattimaggena pahīyanti. Asubhe subhanti saññācittavipallāsā sakadāgāmimaggena tanukā honti, anāgāmimaggena pahīyanti. Dukkhe sukhanti saññācittavipallāsā arahattamaggena pahīyantīti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Kāmāsavo bhavāsavo diṭṭhāsavo avijjāsavo’’ti (cūḷani. jatukaṇṇimāṇavapucchāniddesa 69) evamāgatā kāmataṇhādayo cattāro āsavanti cakkhuādito sandanti pavattantīti <span class="bld">āsavā</span>. Kiñcāpi cakkhuādito kusalādīnampi pavatti atthi, kāmāsavādayo eva pana vaṇato yūsaṃ viya paggharaṇakaasucibhāvena sandanti, tasmā te eva ‘‘āsavā’’ti vuccanti. Tattha hi paggharaṇakaasucimhi niruḷho āsavasaddoti. Atha vā dhammato yāva gotrabhuṃ, okāsato yāva bhavaggaṃ savanti gacchanti ārammaṇakaraṇavasena pavattantīti āsavā, ete dhamme etañca okāsaṃ antokaritvā pavattantīti attho. Avadhiattho hi <span class="bld">ā</span>-kāro. Avadhi ca mariyādābhividhibhedato duvidho. Tattha mariyādaṃ kiriyaṃ bahikatvā pavattati yathā ‘‘āpāṭaliputtaṃ vuṭṭho devo’’ti, abhividhi pana kiriyaṃ byāpetvā pavattati yathā ‘‘ābhavaggaṃ bhagavato <a name="M1.0307"></a> yaso pavattatī’’ti, abhividhiattho cāyaṃ <span class="bld">ā</span>-kāro idha gahito, tasmā te dhamme tañca okāsaṃ antokaritvā ārammaṇakaraṇavasena savantīti ‘‘āsavā’’ti vuccanti. Cirapārivāsiyaṭṭhena madirādayo āsavā viyātipi āsavā. Lokasmiñhi cirapārivāsikā madirādayo ‘‘āsavā’’ti vuccanti. Yadi ca cirapārivāsiyaṭṭhena āsavā, eteyeva bhavitumarahanti. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘purimā, bhikkhave, koṭi na paññāyati avijjāya, ito pubbe avijjā nāhosī’’tiādi (a. ni. 10.61). Aññesu pana yathāvutte dhamme okāsañca ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavattamānesu mānādīsu ca vijjamānesu attattaniyādiggāhavasena <a name="V1.0270"></a> abhibyāpanaṃ madanakaraṇavasena āsavasadisatā ca etesaṃyeva, na aññesanti dvīsupi atthavikappesu etesuyeva āsavasaddo niruḷhoti daṭṭhabbo. Āyataṃ vā saṃsāradukkhaṃ savanti pasavantītipi āsavā. Na hi taṃ kiñci saṃsāradukkhaṃ atthi, yaṃ āsavehi vinā uppajjeyya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Abhijjhā kāyagantho byāpādo kāyagantho sīlabbataparāmāso kāyagantho idaṃsaccābhiniveso kāyagantho’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.175; mahāni. 29, 147) evamāgatā abhijjhādayo cattāro yassa saṃvijjanti, taṃ cutipaṭisandhivasena vaṭṭasmiṃ ganthenti ghaṭentīti <span class="bld">ganthā</span>. ‘‘Kāmogho bhavogho diṭṭhogho avijjogho’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.172; mahāni. 14; cūḷani. mettagūmāṇavapucchāniddesa 21) evamāgatā cattāro kāmataṇhādayo yassa saṃvijjanti, taṃ vaṭṭasmiṃ ohananti osīdāpentīti <span class="bld">oghā</span>. Teyeva ‘‘kāmayogo bhavayogo diṭṭhiyogo avijjāyogo’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.173; a. ni. 4.10) evamāgatā vaṭṭasmiṃ yojentīti <span class="bld">yogā</span>. Ariyā etāya na gacchantīti <span class="bld">agati,</span> sā chandādivasena catubbidhā. ‘‘Cīvarahetu vā bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, piṇḍapāta, senāsana, itibhavābhavahetu vā bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.9) evamāgatā cattāro <span class="bld">taṇhuppādā</span>. Tattha <span class="bld">itibhavābhavahetū</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">itī</span>ti nidassane nipāto, yathā cīvarādihetu, evaṃ bhavābhavahetupīti attho. <span class="bld">Bhavābhavo</span>ti cettha paṇītapaṇītatarāni telamadhuphāṇitādīni adhippetāni. Kāmupādānādīni cattāri upādānāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pañca cetokhilā</span>tiādīsu <a name="M1.0308"></a> ‘‘buddhe kaṅkhati, dhamme, saṅghe, sikkhāya kaṅkhati, sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto’’ti (ma. ni. 1.185; dī. ni. 3.319) evamāgatāni pañca cetokhilāni, ceto khilayati thaddhabhāvaṃ āpajjati etehīti <span class="bld">cetokhilāni</span>. <span class="bld">Vinibandhādīsu</span>pi <span class="bld">pañca</span>-saddo paccekaṃ yojetabbo. ‘‘Kāme avītarāgo hoti, kāye avītarāgo, rūpe avītarāgo, yāvadatthaṃ udarāvadehakaṃ bhuñjitvā seyyasukhaṃ passasukhaṃ middhasukhaṃ anuyutto viharati, aññataraṃ devanikāyaṃ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṃ caratī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.186; dī. ni. 3.320) āgatā pañca cittaṃ bandhitvā muṭṭhiyaṃ katvā viya gaṇhantīti <span class="bld">cetovinibandhā</span>. Ete hi taṇhāppavattibhāvato kusalappavattiyā avasarāppadānavasena cittaṃ bandhaṃ viya samorodhetvā gaṇhanti. Saddatthato pana ceto virūpaṃ nibandhīyati saṃyamīyati etehīti cetovinibandhā. Kāmacchandādīni pañca kusaladhamme nīvārenti āvarantīti <span class="bld">nīvaraṇāni</span>. Rūpābhinandanādayo <span class="bld">pañcābhinandanā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cha</span> <a name="V1.0271"></a> <span class="bld">vivādamūlā</span>tiādīsu kodho makkho issā sāṭheyyaṃ pāpicchatā sandiṭṭhiparāmāsoti imāni <span class="bld">cha vivādamūlāni</span>. Yasmā kuddho vā kodhavasena…pe… sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī vā sandiṭṭhiparāmasitāya kalahaṃ viggahaṃ vivādaṃ āpajjati, tasmā kodhādayo ‘‘cha vivādamūlānī’’ti vuccanti. Rūpataṇhāsaddataṇhādayo <span class="bld">cha taṇhākāyā</span>. Kāmarāgapaṭighadiṭṭhivicikicchābhavarāgamānāvijjā <span class="bld">sattānusayā</span>. Thāmagataṭṭhena appahīnaṭṭhena ca anusentīti anusayā. Micchādiṭṭhimicchāsaṅkappamicchāvācāmicchākammantamicchāājīvamicchāvāyāmamicchāsatimicchāsamādhī <span class="bld">aṭṭha micchattā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Taṇhaṃ paṭicca pariyesanā, pariyesanaṃ paṭicca lābho, lābhaṃ paṭicca vinicchayo, vinicchayaṃ paṭicca chandarāgo, chandarāgaṃ paṭicca ajjhosānaṃ, ajjhosānaṃ paṭicca pariggaho, pariggahaṃ paṭicca macchariyaṃ, macchariyaṃ paṭicca ārakkho, ārakkhādhikaraṇaṃ daṇḍādānasatthādānakalahaviggahavivādatuvaṃtuvaṃpesuññamusāvādā aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā sambhavantī’’ti (dī. ni. 2.103; 3.359) evamāgatā pariyesanādayo <span class="bld">nava taṇhāmūlakā</span>. Tattha (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.103) <span class="bld">taṇhaṃ paṭiccā</span>ti taṇhaṃ nissāya. <span class="bld">Pariyesanā</span>ti rūpādiārammaṇapariyesanā. Sā <a name="M1.0309"></a> hi taṇhāya sati hoti. <span class="bld">Lābho</span>ti rūpādiārammaṇapaṭilābho. So hi pariyesanāya sati hoti. <span class="bld">Vinicchayo</span>ti idha vitakko adhippeto. Lābhaṃ labhitvā hi iṭṭhāniṭṭhaṃ sundarāsundarañca vitakkeneva vinicchinati ‘‘ettakaṃ me rūpārammaṇatthāya bhavissati, ettakaṃ saddādiārammaṇatthāya, ettakaṃ mayhaṃ bhavissati, ettakaṃ parassa, ettakaṃ paribhuñjissāmi, ettakaṃ nidahissāmī’’ti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘lābhaṃ paṭicca vinicchayo’’ti. <span class="bld">Chandarāgo</span>ti evaṃ akusalavitakkena vitakkite vatthusmiṃ dubbalarāgo ca balavarāgo ca uppajjati. <span class="bld">Chando</span>ti hi idha dubbalarāgassādhivacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Ajjhosāna</span>nti ahaṃ mamanti balavasanniṭṭhānaṃ. <span class="bld">Pariggaho</span>ti taṇhādiṭṭhivasena pariggahakaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Macchariya</span>nti parehi sādhāraṇabhāvassa asahanatā. Tenevassa porāṇā evaṃ vacanatthaṃ vadanti ‘‘idaṃ acchariyaṃ mayhameva hotu, mā aññassa acchariyaṃ hotūti pavattattā macchariyanti vuccatī’’ti. <span class="bld">Ārakkho</span>ti dvārapidahanamañjusagopanādivasena suṭṭhu rakkhaṇaṃ. Adhikarotīti <span class="bld">adhikaraṇaṃ,</span> kāraṇassetaṃ nāmaṃ. <span class="bld">Ārakkhādhikaraṇa</span>nti bhāvanapuṃsakaṃ, ārakkhahetūti attho. Daṇḍādānādīsu paranisedhanatthaṃ daṇḍassa ādānaṃ <span class="bld">daṇḍādānaṃ</span>. Ekatodhārādino satthassa ādānaṃ <span class="bld">satthādānaṃ. Kalaho</span>ti kāyakalahopi vācākalahopi. Purimo purimo virodho <span class="bld">viggaho</span>. Pacchimo pacchimo <span class="bld">vivādo</span>. <span class="bld">Tuvaṃ tuva</span>nti agāravavacanaṃ, tvaṃ tvanti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pāṇātipātaadinnādānakāmesumicchācāramusāvādapisuṇavācāpharusavācāsamphappalāpaabhijjhābyāpādamicchādiṭṭhī <a name="V1.0272"></a> <span class="bld">dasa akusalakammapathā</span>. Cattāro sassatavādā cattāro ekaccasassatavādā cattāro antānantikā cattāro amarāvikkhepikā dve adhiccasamuppannikā soḷasa saññīvādā aṭṭha asaññīvādā aṭṭha nevasaññīnāsaññīvādā satta ucchedavādā pañca paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānavādāti etāni <span class="bld">dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhigatāni</span>. Rūpataṇhādichataṇhāyeva paccekaṃ kāmataṇhābhavataṇhāvibhavataṇhāvasena aṭṭhārasa honti. Tathā hi rūpārammaṇā taṇhā, rūpe vā taṇhāti rūpataṇhā, sā kāmarāgabhāvena rūpaṃ assādentī pavattamānā kāmataṇhā, sassatadiṭṭhisahagatarāgabhāvena ‘‘rūpaṃ niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassata’’nti evaṃ assādentī pavattamānā bhavataṇhā, ucchedadiṭṭhisahagatarāgabhāvena ‘‘rūpaṃ ucchijjati vinassati pecca na bhavatī’’ti evaṃ assādentī pavattamānā vibhavataṇhāti <a name="M1.0310"></a> evaṃ tividhā hoti. Yathā ca rūpataṇhā, evaṃ saddataṇhādayopīti etāni aṭṭhārasa taṇhāvicaritāni honti, tāni ajjhattarūpādīsu aṭṭhārasa, bahiddhārūpādīsu aṭṭhārasāti chattiṃsa, iti atītāni chattiṃsa, anāgatāni chattiṃsa, paccuppannāni chattiṃsāti <span class="bld">aṭṭhasatataṇhāvicaritāni,</span> aṭṭhuttarasatataṇhāvicaritānīti attho. <span class="bld">Pabheda</span>-saddo paccekaṃ sambandhitabbo. Tatthāyaṃ yojanā ‘‘lobhappabhedo dosappabhedo yāva aṭṭhasatataṇhāvicaritappabhedo’’ti. <span class="bld">Sabbadarathapariḷāhakilesasatasahassānī</span>ti sabbāni sattānaṃ darathapariḷāhakarāni kilesānaṃ anekāni satasahassāni. Ārammaṇādivibhāgato hi pavattiākāravibhāgato ca anantappabhedā kilesā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Saṅkhepato vā</span>tiādīsu sampati āyatiñca sattānaṃ anatthāvahattā māraṇaṭṭhena vibādhanaṭṭhena kilesāva māroti <span class="bld">kilesamāro</span>. Vadhakaṭṭhena khandhāva māroti <span class="bld">khandhamāro</span>. Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘vadhakaṃ rūpaṃ, vadhakaṃ rūpanti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānātī’’tiādi. Jātijarādimahābyasananibbattanena abhisaṅkhārova māro <span class="bld">abhisaṅkhāramāro</span>. Saṃkilesanimittaṃ hutvā guṇamāraṇaṭṭhena devaputtova māroti <span class="bld">devaputtamāro</span>. Sattānaṃ jīvitassa jīvitaparikkhārānañca jānikaraṇena mahābādharūpattā maccu eva māroti <span class="bld">maccumāro</span>. Tattha samucchedappahānavasena sabbaso appavattikaraṇena kilesamāraṃ, samudayappahānapariññāvasena khandhamāraṃ, sahāyavekallakaraṇavasena sabbaso appavattikaraṇena abhisaṅkhāramāraṃ, balavidhamanavisayātikkamanavasena devaputtamaccumārañca abhañji, bhagge akāsīti attho. <span class="bld">Parissayāna</span>nti upaddavānaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Satapuññajalakkhaṇadharassā</span>ti aneka sata puñña nibbattamahā purisalakkhaṇadharassa. Ettha hi ‘‘kevalaṃ satamattena puññakammena ekekalakkhaṇaṃ nibbatta’’nti imamatthaṃ na rocayiṃsu aṭṭhakathācariyā <a name="V1.0273"></a> ‘‘evaṃ sante yo koci buddho bhaveyyā’’ti, anantāsu pana lokadhātūsu yattakā sattā, tehi sabbehi paccekaṃ satakkhattuṃ katāni dānādīni puññakammāni yattakāni, tato ekekaṃ puññakammaṃ mahāsattena sataguṇaṃ kataṃ satanti adhippetanti imamatthaṃ rocayiṃsu. Tasmā idha <span class="bld">sata</span>-saddo bahubhāvapariyāyo, na saṅkhyāvisesavacanoti daṭṭhabbo ‘‘satagghaṃ sataṃ devamanussā’’tiādīsu <a name="M1.0311"></a> viya. <span class="bld">Rūpakāyasampatti dīpitā hoti</span> itarāsaṃ phalasampadānaṃ mūlabhāvato adhiṭṭhānabhāvato ca. <span class="bld">Dīpitā hotī</span>ti idaṃ dhammakāyasampattītiādīsupi yojetabbaṃ. Tattha pahānasampadāpubbakattā ñāṇasampadādīnaṃ dhammakāyasampatti dīpitā hotīti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Lokiyasarikkhakānaṃ bahumatabhāvo</span>ti ettha bhāgyavantatāya lokiyānaṃ bahumatabhāvo, bhaggadosatāya sarikkhakānaṃ bahumatabhāvoti yojetabbaṃ. Evaṃ ito paresupi yathākkamaṃ yojanā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Puññavantaṃ gahaṭṭhā khattiyādayo abhigacchanti, pahīnadosaṃ dosavinayāya dhammaṃ desetīti pabbajitā tāpasaparibbājakādayo abhigacchantīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘gahaṭṭhapabbajitehi abhigamanīyatā’’</span>ti. Abhigatānañca tesaṃ kāyacittadukkhāpanayane paṭibalabhāvo āmisadānadhammadānehi upakārasabbhāvato rūpakāyaṃ tassa pasādacakkhunā, dhammakāyaṃ paññācakkhunā disvā dukkhadvayassa paṭippassambhanatoti veditabbo. Bhāgyavantatāya upagatānaṃ āmisadānaṃ deti, bhaggadosatāya dhammadānaṃ detīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘āmisadānadhammadānehi upakāritā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Lokiyalokuttarasukhehi ca saṃyojanasamatthatā dīpitā hotī</span>ti ‘‘pubbe āmisadānadhammadānehi mayā ayaṃ lokaggabhāvo adhigato, tasmā tumhehipi evameva paṭipajjitabba’’nti evaṃ sammāpaṭipattiyaṃ niyojanena abhigatānaṃ lokiyalokuttarasukhehi saṃyojanasamatthatā ca dīpitā hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sakacitte issariyaṃ</span> nāma attano cittassa vasībhāvāpādanaṃyeva, paṭikūlādīsu appaṭikūlasaññitādivihārasiddhi, adhiṭṭhāniddhiādiko iddhividhopi cittissariyameva cittabhāvanāya vasībhāvappattiyā ijjhanato. <span class="bld">Aṇimālaghimādika</span>nti <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena mahimā patti pākammaṃ īsitā vasitā yatthakāmāvasāyitāti ime chapi saṅgahitā. Tattha kāyassa aṇubhāvakaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">aṇimā</span>. Ākāse padasā gamanādīnaṃ arahabhāvena lahubhāvo <span class="bld">laghimā</span>. Mahattaṃ <span class="bld">mahimā</span> kāyassa mahantatāpādanaṃ. Iṭṭhadesassa pāpuṇanaṃ <span class="bld">patti</span>. Adhiṭṭhānādivasena icchitanipphādanaṃ <span class="bld">pākammaṃ</span>. Sayaṃvasitā issarabhāvo <span class="bld">īsitā</span>. Iddhividhe vasībhāvo <span class="bld">vasitā</span>. Ākāsena vā gacchato aññaṃ vā kiñci karoto yattha katthaci vosānappatti <a name="M1.0312"></a> <span class="bld">yatthakāmāvasāyitā</span><a name="V1.0274"></a>. ‘‘Kumārakarūpādidassana’’ntipi vadanti. Evamidaṃ aṭṭhavidhaṃ lokiyasammataṃ issariyaṃ. Taṃ pana bhagavato iddhividhantogadhaṃ anaññasādhāraṇañcāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sabbakāraparipūraṃ atthī’’</span>ti. Tathā lokuttaro dhammo atthīti sambandho. Evaṃ yasādīsupi <span class="bld">atthi</span>-saddo yojetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kesañci yaso padesavutti ayathābhūtaguṇasannissayattā aparisuddho ca hoti, na evaṃ tathāgatassāti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘lokattayabyāpako’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Tattha idha adhigatasatthuguṇānaṃ āruppe uppannānaṃ ‘‘itipi so bhagavā’’tiādinā bhagavato yaso pākaṭo hotīti āha ‘‘lokattayabyāpako’’ti. <span class="bld">Yathābhuccaguṇādhigato</span>ti yathābhūtaguṇehi adhigato. <span class="bld">Ativiya parisuddho</span>ti yathābhūtaguṇādhigatattā eva accantaparisuddho. <span class="bld">Sabbākāraparipūrā</span>ti anavasesalakkhaṇānubyañjanādisampattiyā sabbākārehi paripuṇṇā. <span class="bld">Sabbaṅgapaccaṅgasirī</span>ti sabbesaṃ aṅgapaccaṅgānaṃ sobhā. <span class="bld">Yaṃ yaṃ etena icchitaṃ patthita</span>nti ‘‘tiṇṇo tāreyya’’ntiādinā yaṃ yaṃ etena lokanāthena manovacīpaṇidhānavasena icchitaṃ kāyapaṇidhānavasena patthitaṃ. <span class="bld">Tathevā</span>ti paṇidhānānurūpameva. <span class="bld">Sammāvāyāmasaṅkhāto payatto</span>ti vīriyapāramibhāvappatto ariyamaggapariyāpanno ca sammāvāyāmasaṅkhāto ussāho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kusalādīhi bhedehī</span>ti sabbattikadukapadasaṅgahitehi kusalādippabhedehi. <span class="bld">Paṭiccasamuppādādīhī</span>ti <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena na kevalaṃ vibhaṅgapāḷiyaṃ āgatā satipaṭṭhānādayova saṅgahitā, atha kho saṅgahādayo samayavimuttādayo ṭhapanādayo tikapaṭṭhānādayo ca saṅgahitāti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Pīḷanasaṅkhatasantāpavipariṇāmaṭṭhena vā dukkhamariyasacca</span>ntiādīsu <span class="bld">pīḷanaṭṭho</span> taṃsamaṅgino sattassa hiṃsanaṃ avipphārikatākaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Saṅkhataṭṭho</span> samecca saṅgamma sambhūya paccayehi katabhāvo. <span class="bld">Santāpaṭṭho</span> dukkhadukkhatādīhi santāpanaṃ paridahanaṃ. <span class="bld">Vipariṇāmaṭṭho</span> jarāya maraṇena cāti dvidhā vipariṇāmetabbatā. Samudayassa <span class="bld">āyūhanaṭṭho</span> dukkhassa nibbattanavasena sampiṇḍanaṃ. <span class="bld">Nidānaṭṭho</span> ‘‘idaṃ taṃ dukkha’’nti nidassentassa viya samuṭṭhāpanaṃ. <span class="bld">Saṃyogaṭṭho</span> saṃsāradukkhena saṃyojanaṃ. <span class="bld">Palibodhaṭṭho</span> maggādhigamassa nivāraṇaṃ. Nirodhassa <span class="bld">nissaraṇaṭṭho</span> sabbūpadhīnaṃ paṭinissaggasabhāvattā tato <a name="M1.0313"></a> vinissaṭatā, taṃnissaraṇanimittatā vā. <span class="bld">Vivekaṭṭho</span> sabbasaṅkhāravisaṃyuttatā. <span class="bld">Asaṅkhataṭṭho</span> kenacipi paccayena anabhisaṅkhatatā. <span class="bld">Amataṭṭho</span> niccasabhāvattā maraṇābhāvo, sattānaṃ maraṇābhāvahetutā vā. <span class="bld">Maggassa niyyānaṭṭho</span> vaṭṭadukkhato nikkamanaṭṭho. <span class="bld">Hetuattho</span> nibbānassa sampāpakabhāvo. <span class="bld">Dassanaṭṭho</span> accantasukhumassa nibbānassa sacchikaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Ādhipateyyaṭṭho</span> catusaccadassane sampayuttānaṃ ādhipaccakaraṇaṃ, ārammaṇādhipatibhāvo vā visesato maggādhipativacanato<a name="V1.0275"></a>. Satipi hi jhānādīnaṃ ārammaṇādhipatibhāve ‘‘jhānādhipatino dhammā’’ti evamādiṃ avatvā ‘‘maggādhipatino dhammā’’icceva vuttaṃ, tasmā viññāyati ‘‘atthi maggassa ārammaṇādhipatibhāve viseso’’ti. Eteyeva ca pīḷanādayo soḷasākārāti vuccanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dibbabrahmaariyavihāre</span>tiādīsu kasiṇādiārammaṇāni rūpāvacarajjhānāni <span class="bld">dibbavihāro</span>. Mettādijjhānāni <span class="bld">brahmavihāro</span>. Phalasamāpatti <span class="bld">ariyavihāro</span>. Kāmehi vivekaṭṭhakāyatāvasena ekībhāvo <span class="bld">kāyaviveko</span>. Paṭhamajjhānādinā nīvaraṇādīhi vivittacittatā <span class="bld">cittaviveko</span>. <span class="bld">Upadhiviveko</span> nibbānaṃ. <span class="bld">Upadhī</span>ti cettha cattāro upadhī kāmupadhi khandhupadhi kilesupadhi abhisaṅkhārupadhīti. Kāmāpi hi ‘‘yaṃ pañca kāmaguṇe paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ, ayaṃ kāmānaṃ assādo’’ti (ma. ni. 1.166) evaṃ vuttassa sukhassa adhiṭṭhānabhāvato upadhīyati ettha sukhanti iminā vacanatthena ‘‘upadhī’’ti vuccanti, khandhāpi khandhamūlakassa dukkhassa adhiṭṭhānabhāvato, kilesāpi apāyadukkhassa adhiṭṭhānabhāvato, abhisaṅkhārāpi bhavadukkhassa adhiṭṭhānabhāvato vuttanayena ‘‘upadhī’’ti vuccanti. Imehi pana catūhi upadhīhi vivittatāya nibbānaṃ ‘‘upadhiviveko’’ti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Suññatākārena nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavatto ariyamaggo <span class="bld">suññatavimokkho</span>. So hi suññatāya dhātuyā uppannattā suññato, kilesehi ca vimuttattā vimokkho. Eteneva nayena appaṇihitākārena nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavatto <span class="bld">appaṇihitavimokkho</span>. Animittākārena nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavatto <span class="bld">animittavimokkho</span>. Atha vā suññatānupassanāsaṅkhātāya anattānupassanāya vasena paṭiladdho ariyamaggo āgamanavasena ‘‘suññatavimokkho’’ti vuccati. Tathā appaṇihitānupassanāsaṅkhātāya <a name="M1.0314"></a> dukkhānupassanāya vasena paṭiladdho appaṇihitavimokkho. Animittānupassanāsaṅkhātāya aniccānupassanāya vasena paṭiladdho ‘‘animittavimokkho’’ti veditabbo. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Aniccato manasikaronto adhimokkhabahulo animittavimokkhaṃ paṭilabhati, dukkhato manasikaronto passaddhibahulo appaṇihitavimokkhaṃ paṭilabhati, anattato manasikaronto vedabahulo suññatavimokkhaṃ paṭilabhatī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.223).</p>
<p class="unindented"><span class="bld">Aññe</span>ti lokiyaabhiññādike.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kilesābhisaṅkhāravasena <a name="V1.0276"></a> bhavesu paribbhamanaṃ, tañca taṇhāpadhānanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘taṇhāsaṅkhātaṃ gamana’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Vanta</span>nti ariyamaggamukhena uggiritaṃ puna apaccāgamanavasena chaḍḍitaṃ. Bhagavāti vuccati niruttinayenāti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘yathā loke’’</span>tiādi. Yathā loke niruttinayena ekekapadato ekekamakkharaṃ gahetvā ‘‘mekhalā’’ti vuttaṃ, evamidhāpīti attho. <span class="bld">Mehanassā</span>ti guyhappadesassa. <span class="bld">Khassā</span>ti okāsassa.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo nayo (itivu. aṭṭha. nidānavaṇṇanā) – bhāgavāti bhagavā. Bhatavāti bhagavā. Bhāge vanīti bhagavā. Bhage vanīti bhagavā. Bhattavāti bhagavā. Bhage vamīti bhagavā. Bhāge vamīti bhagavā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bhāgavā bhatavā bhāge, bhage ca vani bhattavā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhage vami tathā bhāge, vamīti bhagavā jino.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha kathaṃ <span class="bld">bhāgavāti bhagavā</span>? Ye te sīlādayo dhammakkhandhā guṇakoṭṭhāsā, te anaññasādhāraṇā niratisayā tathāgatassa atthi upalabbhanti. Tathā hissa sīlaṃ samādhi paññā vimutti vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ, hirī ottappaṃ, saddhā vīriyaṃ, sati sampajaññaṃ, sīlavisuddhi diṭṭhivisuddhi, samatho vipassanā, tīṇi kusalamūlāni, tīṇi sucaritāni, tayo sammāvitakkā, tisso anavajjasaññā, tisso dhātuyo, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, cattāro sammappadhānā, cattāro iddhipādā, cattāro ariyamaggā, cattāri ariyaphalāni, catasso paṭisambhidā, catuyoniparicchedakañāṇāni, cattāro ariyavaṃsā, cattāri vesārajjañāṇāni, pañca <a name="M1.0315"></a> padhāniyaṅgāni, pañcaṅgiko sammāsamādhi, pañcañāṇiko sammāsamādhi, pañcindriyāni, pañca balāni, pañca nissāraṇīyā dhātuyo, pañca vimuttāyatanañāṇāni, pañca vimuttiparipācanīyā saññā, cha anussatiṭṭhānāni, cha gāravā, cha nissāraṇīyā dhātuyo, cha satatavihārā, cha anuttariyāni, chanibbedhabhāgiyā saññā, cha abhiññā, cha asādhāraṇañāṇāni, satta aparihānīyā dhammā, satta ariyadhanāni, satta bojjhaṅgāni, satta sappurisadhammā, satta nijjaravatthūni, satta saññā, sattadakkhiṇeyyapuggaladesanā, sattakhīṇāsavabaladesanā, aṭṭhapaññāpaṭilābhahetudesanā, aṭṭha sammattāni, aṭṭhalokadhammātikkamo, aṭṭha ārambhavatthūni, aṭṭhaakkhaṇadesanā, aṭṭha mahāpurisavitakkā, aṭṭhaabhibhāyatanadesanā, aṭṭha vimokkhā, nava yonisomanasikāramūlakā dhammā, nava pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgāni, navasattāvāsadesanā, nava āghātappaṭivinayā, nava saññā, nava nānattā, nava anupubbavihārā, dasa nāthakaraṇā <a name="V1.0277"></a> dhammā, dasa kasiṇāyatanāni, dasa kusalakammapathā, dasa sammattāni, dasa ariyavāsā, dasa asekkhadhammā, dasa tathāgatabalāni, ekādasa mettānisaṃsā, dvādasa dhammacakkākārā, terasa dhutaguṇā, cuddasa buddhañāṇāni, pañcadasa vimuttiparipācanīyā dhammā, soḷasavidhā ānāpānassati, soḷasa aparantapanīyā dhammā, aṭṭhārasa buddhadhammā, ekūnavīsati paccavekkhaṇañāṇāni, catucattālīsa ñāṇavatthūni, paññāsa udayabbayañāṇāni, paropaṇṇāsa kusaladhammā, sattasattati ñāṇavatthūni, catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassasamāpattisañcārimahāvajirañāṇaṃ, anantanayasamantapaṭṭhānapavicayapaccavekkhaṇadesanāñāṇāni, tathā anantāsu lokadhātūsu anantānaṃ sattānaṃ āsayādivibhāvanañāṇāni cāti evamādayo anantāparimāṇabhedā anaññasādhāraṇā niratisayā guṇabhāgā guṇakoṭṭhāsā saṃvijjanti upalabbhanti, tasmā yathāvuttavibhāgā guṇabhāgā assa atthīti bhāgavāti vattabbe ākārassa rassattaṃ katvā ‘‘bhagavā’’ti vutto. Evaṃ tāva bhāgavāti bhagavā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yasmā sīlādayo sabbe, guṇabhāgā asesato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vijjanti sugate tasmā, bhagavāti pavuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ <span class="bld">bhatavāti bhagavā</span>? Ye te sabbalokahitāya ussukkamāpannehi manussattādike aṭṭha dhamme samodhānetvā sammāsambodhiyā katamahābhinīhārehi <a name="M1.0316"></a> mahābodhisattehi paripūretabbā dānapāramī sīlanekkhammapaññāvīriyakhantisaccaadhiṭṭhānamettāupekkhāpāramīti dasa pāramiyo dasa upapāramiyo dasa paramatthapāramiyoti samatiṃsa pāramiyo, dānādīni cattāri saṅgahavatthūni, cattāri adhiṭṭhānāni, attapariccāgo nayanadhanarajjaputtadārapariccāgoti pañca mahāpariccāgā, pubbayogo, pubbacariyā, dhammakkhānaṃ, ñātatthacariyā, lokatthacariyā, buddhatthacariyāti evamādayo saṅkhepato vā puññasambhārañāṇasambhārā buddhakarā dhammā, te mahābhinīhārato paṭṭhāya kappānaṃ satasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni yathā hānabhāgiyā saṃkilesabhāgiyā ṭhitibhāgiyā vā na honti, atha kho uttaruttari visesabhāgiyāva honti, evaṃ sakkaccaṃ nirantaraṃ anavasesato bhatā sambhatā assa atthīti bhatavāti bhagavā niruttinayena ta-kārassa ga-kāraṃ katvā. Atha vā <span class="bld">bhatavā</span>ti teyeva yathāvutte buddhakare dhamme vuttanayena bhari sambhari, paripūresīti attho. Evampi bhatavāti bhagavā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yasmā sambodhiyā sabbe, dānapāramiādike;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sambhāre bhatavā nātho, tasmāpi bhagavā mato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ <a name="V1.0278"></a> <span class="bld">bhāge vanīti bhagavā</span>? Ye te catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassasaṅkhā devasikaṃ vaḷañjanakasamāpattibhāgā, te anavasesato lokahitatthaṃ attano ca diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāratthaṃ niccakappaṃ vani bhaji sevi bahulamakāsīti bhāge vanīti bhagavā. Atha vā abhiññeyyadhammesu kusalādīsu khandhādīsu ca ye te pariññeyyādivasena saṅkhepato vā catubbidhā abhisamayabhāgā, vitthārato pana ‘‘cakkhu pariññeyyaṃ, sotaṃ pariññeyyaṃ…pe… jarāmaraṇaṃ pariññeyya’’ntiādinā (paṭi. ma. 1.21) aneke pariññeyyabhāgā, ‘‘cakkhussa samudayo pahātabbo…pe… jarāmaraṇassa samudayo pahātabbo’’tiādinā nayena pahātabbabhāgā, ‘‘cakkhussa nirodho…pe… jarāmaraṇassa nirodho sacchikātabbo’’tiādinā sacchikātabbabhāgā, ‘‘cakkhussa nirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’tiādinā ‘‘cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’’tiādinā ca anekabhedā bhāvetabbabhāgā ca dhammā vuttā, te sabbe vani bhaji yathārahaṃ gocarabhāvanāsevanānaṃ vasena sevi. Evampi bhāge vanīti bhagavā. Atha vā ye ime sīlādayo dhammakkhandhā sāvakehi sādhāraṇā <a name="M1.0317"></a> guṇakoṭṭhāsā guṇabhāgā, kinti nu kho te vineyyasantānesu patiṭṭhapeyyanti mahākaruṇāya vani abhipatthayi, sā cassa abhipatthanā yathādhippetaphalāvahā ahosi. Evampi bhāge vanīti bhagavā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yasmā ñeyyasamāpatti-guṇabhāge tathāgato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhaji patthayi sattānaṃ, hitāya bhagavā tato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ <span class="bld">bhage vanīti bhagavā</span>? Samāsato tāva katapuññehi payogasampannehi yathāvibhavaṃ bhajīyantīti bhagā, lokiyalokuttarasampattiyo. Tattha lokiye tāva tathāgato sambodhito pubbe bodhisattabhūto paramukkaṃsagate vani bhaji sevi, yattha patiṭṭhāya niravasesato buddhakaradhamme samannānento buddhadhamme paripācesi. Buddhabhūto pana te niravajjasukhūpasaṃhite anaññasādhāraṇe lokuttarepi vani bhaji sevi. Vittārato pana padesarajjaissariyacakkavattisampattidevarajjasampattiādivasena jhānavimokkhasamādhisamāpattiñāṇadassanamaggabhāvanāphalasacchikiriyādiuttarimanussadhammavasena ca anekavihite anaññasādhāraṇe bhage vani bhaji sevi. Evaṃ bhage vanīti bhagavā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yā tā sampattiyo loke, yā ca lokuttarā puthu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sabbā tā bhaji sambuddho, tasmāpi bhagavā mato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ <a name="V1.0279"></a> <span class="bld">bhattavāti bhagavā</span>? Bhattā daḷhabhattikā assa bahū atthīti bhattavā. Tathāgato hi mahākaruṇāsabbaññutaññāṇādiaparimitanirupamappabhāvaguṇavisesasamaṅgībhāvato sabbasattāuttamo, sabbānatthaparihārapubbaṅgamāya niravasesahitasukhavidhānatapparāya niratisayāya payogasampattiyā sadevamanussāya pajāya accantupakāritāya dvattiṃsa mahāpurisalakkhaṇāsīti anubyañjana byāmappabhādi anaññasādhāraṇavisesapaṭimaṇḍitarūpakāyatāya yathābhuccaguṇādhigatena ‘‘itipi so bhagavā’’tiādinayappavattena lokattayabyāpinā suvipulena suvisuddhena ca thutighosena samannāgatattā ukkaṃsapāramippattāsu appicchatāsantuṭṭhitāādīsu suppatiṭṭhitabhāvato dasabalacatuvesārajjādiniratisayaguṇavisesasamaṅgībhāvato ca rūpappamāṇo rūpappasanno, ghosappamāṇo ghosappasanno, lūkhappamāṇo lūkhappasanno, dhammappamāṇo dhammappasannoti <a name="M1.0318"></a> evaṃ catuppamāṇike lokasannivāse sabbathāpi pasādāvahabhāvena samantapāsādikattā aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ sadevamanussānaṃ ādarabahumānagāravāyatanatāya paramapemasambhattiṭṭhānaṃ. Ye cassa ovāde patiṭṭhitā aveccappasādena samannāgatā honti, kenaci asaṃhāriyā tesaṃ sambhatti samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vāti. Tathā hi te attano jīvitapaaccāgepi tattha pasādaṃ na pariccajanti tassa vā āṇaṃ daḷhabhattibhāvato. Tenevāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yo ve kataññū katavedi dhīro,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kalyāṇamitto daḷhabhatti ca hotī’’ti. (jā. 2.17.78);</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo ṭhitadhammo velaṃ nātivattati, evameva kho, bhikkhave, yaṃ mayā sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, taṃ mama sāvakā jīvitahetupi nātikkamantī’’ti (udā. 45; cūḷava. 385) ca.</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ bhattavāti bhagavā niruttinayena ekassa ta-kārassa lopaṃ katvā itarassa ta-kārassa ga-kāraṃ katvā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Guṇātisayayuttassa, yasmā lokahitesino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sambhattā bahavo satthu, bhagavā tena vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ <span class="bld">bhage vamīti bhagavā</span>? Yasmā tathāgato bodhisattabhūtopi purimāsu jātīsu pāramiyo pūrento bhagasaṅkhātaṃ siriṃ issariyaṃ yasañca vami uggiri, kheḷapiṇḍaṃ viya anapekkho <a name="V1.0280"></a> chaḍḍayi. Tathā hissa <span class="bld">somanassakumārakāle</span>(jā. 1.15.211 ādayo)<span class="bld"> hatthipālakumārakāle </span>(jā. 1.15.337 ādayo)<span class="bld"> ayogharapaṇḍitakāle</span>(jā. 1.15.363 ādayo)<span class="bld"> mūgapakkhapaṇḍitakāle </span>(jā. 2.22.1 ādayo)<span class="bld"> cūḷasutasomakāle</span>ti (jā. 2.17.195 ādayo) evamādīsu nekkhammapāramīpūraṇavasena devarajjasadisāya rajjasiriyā pariccattattabhāvānaṃ pamāṇaṃ natthi, carimattabhāvepi hatthagataṃ cakkavattisiriṃ devalokādhipaccasaasaṃ catudīpissariyaṃ cakkavattisampattisannissayaṃ sattaratanasamujjalaṃ yasañca tiṇāyapi <a name="M1.0319"></a> amaññamāno nirapekkho pahāya abhinikkhamitvā sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho, tasmā ime siriādike bhage vamīti bhagavā. Atha vā bhāni nāma nakkhattāni, tehi samaṃ gacchanti pavattantīti bhagā, sineruyugandharauttarakuruhimavantādibhājanalokavisesasannissayā sobhā kappaṭṭhāyibhāvato, tepi bhagavā vami taṃnivāsisattāvāsasamatikkamanato tappaṭibaddhachandarāgappahānena pajahīti. Evampi bhage vamīti bhagavā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Cakkavattisiriṃ yasmā, yasaṃ issariyaṃ sukhaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pahāsi lokacittañca, sugato bhagavā tato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ <span class="bld">bhāge vamīti bhagavā</span>? Bhāgā nāma sabhāgadhammakoṭṭhāsā, te khandhāyatanadhātādivasena, tatthāpi rūpavedanādivasena atītādivasena ca anekavidhā, te ca bhagavā sabbaṃ papañcaṃ sabbaṃ yogaṃ sabbaṃ ganthaṃ sabbaṃ saṃyojanaṃ samucchinditvā amatadhātuṃ samadhigacchanto vami uggiri, anapekkho chaḍḍayi na paccāgami. Tathā hesa sabbatthakameva pathaviṃ āpaṃ tejaṃ vāyaṃ, cakkhuṃ sotaṃ ghānaṃ jivhaṃ kāyaṃ manaṃ, rūpe sadde gandhe rase phoṭṭhabbe dhamme, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ…pe… manoviññāṇaṃ, cakkhusamphassaṃ…pe… manosamphassaṃ, cakkhusamphassajaṃ vedanaṃ…pe… manosamphassajaṃ vedanaṃ, cakkhusamphassajaṃ saññaṃ…pe… manosamphassajaṃ saññaṃ, cakkhusamphassajaṃ cetanaṃ…pe… manosamphassajaṃ cetanaṃ, rūpataṇhaṃ…pe… dhammataṇhaṃ, rūpavitakkaṃ…pe… dhammavitakkaṃ, rūpavicāraṃ…pe… dhammavicārantiādinā anupadadhammavibhāgavasenapi sabbeva dhammakoṭṭhāse anavasesato vami uggiri, anapekkhapariccāgena chaḍḍayi. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘yaṃ taṃ, ānanda, cattaṃ vantaṃ muttaṃ pahīnaṃ paṭinissaṭṭhaṃ, taṃ tathāgato puna paccāgamissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī’’ti (dī. ni. 2.183). Evampi bhāge vamīti bhagavā. Atha vā <span class="bld">bhāge vamī</span>ti sabbepi kusalākusale sāvajjānavajje hīnapaṇīte kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāge dhamme ariyamaggañāṇamukhena vami uggiri, anapekkho pariccaji pajahi, paresañca tathattāya dhammaṃ desesi. Vuttampi cetaṃ ‘‘dhammāpi vo, bhikkhave<a name="V1.0281"></a>, pahātabbā pageva adhammā (ma. ni. 240). Kullūpamaṃ vo, bhikkhave, dhammaṃ desessāmi nittharaṇatthāya, no gahaṇatthāyā’’tiādi (ma. ni. 1.240). Evampi bhāge vamīti bhagavā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Khandhāyatanadhātādi <a name="M1.0320"></a> dhammabhedā mahesinā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kaṇhā sukkā yato vantā, tatopi bhagavā mato.</p>
<p class="unindented">Tena vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhāgavā bhatavā bhāge, bhage ca vani bhattavā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhage vami tathā bhāge, vamīti bhagavā jino’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca yasmā saṅkhepato attahitasampattiparahitapaṭipattivasena duvidhā buddhaguṇā, tāsu attahitasampatti pahānasampadāñāṇasampadābhedato duvidhā ānubhāvasampadādīnaṃ tadavinābhāvena tadantogadhattā. Parahitapaṭipatti payogāsayabhedato duvidhā. Tattha payogato lābhasakkārādinirapekkhacittassa sabbadukkhaniyyānikadhammūpadeso, āsayato paṭiviruddhesupi niccaṃ hitesitā ñāṇaparipākakālāgamanādiparahitappaṭipatti. Āmisapaṭiggahaṇādināpi atthacariyā parahitapaapatti hotiyeva, tasmā tesampi vibhāvanavasena <span class="bld">pāḷiyaṃ</span> ‘‘araha’’ntiādīnaṃ padānaṃ gahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">araha</span>nti iminā padena pahānasampadāvasena bhagavato attahitasampatti vibhāvitā, <span class="bld">sammāsambuddho lokavidū</span>ti ca imehi padehi ñāṇasampadāvasena. Nanu ca ‘‘lokavidū’’ti imināpi sammāsambuddhatā vibhāvīyatīti? Saccaṃ vibhāvīyati, atthi pana viseso ‘‘sammāsambuddho’’ti iminā sabbaññutaññāṇānubhāvo vibhāvito, ‘‘lokavidū’’ti pana iminā āsayānusayañāṇādīnampi ānubhāvo vibhāvitoti. <span class="bld">Vijjācaraṇasampanno</span>ti iminā sabbāpi bhagavato attahitasampatti vibhāvitā. <span class="bld">Sugato</span>ti pana iminā samudāgamato paṭṭhāya bhagavato attahitasampatti parahitapaṭipatti ca vibhāvitā. <span class="bld">Anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussāna</span>nti imehi padehi bhagavato parahitapaṭipatti vibhāvitā. <span class="bld">Buddho</span>ti iminā bhagavato attahitasampatti parahitapaṭipatti ca vibhāvitā. Evañca katvā ‘‘sammāsambuddho’’ti vatvā ‘‘buddho’’ti vacanaṃ samatthitaṃ hoti. Tenevāha ‘‘attanāpi bujjhi, aññepi satte bodhesī’’tiādi<a name="V1.0282"></a>. <span class="bld">Bhagavā</span>ti ca imināpi samudāgamato paṭṭhāya bhagavato sabbā attahitasampatti parahitapaṭipatti ca vibhāvitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo <a name="M1.0321"></a> nayo – hetuphalasattupakāravasena saṅkhepato tividhā buddhaguṇā. Tattha <span class="bld">arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno lokavidū</span>ti imehi padehi phalasampattivasena buddhaguṇā vibhāvitā. <span class="bld">Anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussāna</span>nti imehi sattupakāravasena buddhaguṇā pakāsitā. <span class="bld">Buddho</span>ti iminā phalavasena sattupakāravasena ca buddhaguṇā vibhāvitā. <span class="bld">Sugato bhagavā</span>ti pana imehi padehi hetuphalasattupakāravasena buddhaguṇā vibhāvitāti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">So imaṃ loka</span>ntiādīsu <span class="bld">so bhagavā</span>ti yo ‘‘araha’’ntiādinā kittitaguṇo, so bhagavā. <span class="bld">Imaṃ loka</span>nti nayidaṃ mahājanassa sammukhāmattaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, atha kho anavasesaṃ pariyādāyāti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sadevaka’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘idāni vattabbaṃ nidassetī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Pajātattā</span>ti yathāsakaṃ kammakilesehi nibbattattā. <span class="bld">Sadevakavacanena pañcakāmāvacaradevaggahaṇaṃ</span> pārisesañāyenāti veditabbaṃ itaresaṃ padantarehi saṅgahitattā. <span class="bld">Sadevaka</span>nti ca avayavena viggaho samudāyo samāsattho. <span class="bld">Samārakavacanena chaṭṭhakāmāvacaradevaggahaṇaṃ</span> paccāsattiñāyenāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tattha hi so jāto taṃnivāsī ca. <span class="bld">Sabrahmakavacanena brahmakāyikādibrahmaggahaṇa</span>nti etthāpi eseva nayo. <span class="bld">Paccatthikā…pe… samaṇabrāhmaṇaggahaṇa</span>nti nidassanamattametaṃ apaccatthikānaṃ asamitābāhitapāpānañca samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇīvacanena gahitattā. Kāmaṃ ‘‘sadevaka’’ntiādivisesanānaṃ vasena sattavisayo lokasaddoti viññāyati tulyayogavisayattā tesaṃ, ‘‘salomako sapakkhako’’tiādīsu pana atulyayogepi ayaṃ samāso labbhatīti byabhicāradassanato pajāgahaṇanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘pajāvacanena sattalokaggahaṇa’’</span>nti. Sadevakādivacanena upapattidevānaṃ, sassamaṇabrāhmaṇīvacanena visuddhidevānañca gahitattā āha <span class="bld">‘‘sadevamanussavacanena sammutidevaavasesamanussaggahaṇa’’</span>nti. Tattha <span class="bld">sammutidevā</span> rājāno. <span class="bld">Avasesamanussaggahaṇa</span>nti samaṇabrāhmaṇehi avasesamanussaggahaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Tīhi padehī</span>ti sadevakasamārakasabarhmakavacanehi. <span class="bld">Dvīhī</span>ti sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ sadevamanussanti imehi dvīhi padehi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Arūpī <a name="M1.0322"></a> sattā attano āneñjavihārena viharantā dibbantīti devāti imaṃ nibbacanaṃ labhantīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sadevakaggahaṇena arūpāvacaraloko gahito’’</span>ti. Tenevāha bhagavā ‘‘ākāsānañcāyatanūpagānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyata’’ntiādi (a. ni. 3.117). Chakāmāvacaradevalokassa savisesaṃ mārassa vase vattanato āha <span class="bld">‘‘samārakaggahaṇena chakāmāvacaradevaloko’’</span>ti<a name="V1.0283"></a>. Arūpībrahmalokassa visuṃ gahitattā āha <span class="bld">‘‘rūpī brahmaloko’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Catuparisavasenā</span>ti khattiyaparisā, brāhmaṇagahapatisamaṇacātumahārājikatāvatiṃsamārabrahmaparisāti imāsu aṭṭhasu parisāsu khattiyādicatuparisavasena. Itarā pana catasso parisā samārakaggahaṇena gahitā evāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ panettha catuparisavasena manussaloko gahito? ‘‘Sassamaṇabrāhmaṇi’’nti iminā samaṇaparisā brāhmaṇaparisā ca gahitā honti, ‘‘sadevamanussa’’nti iminā khattiyaparisā gahapatiparisā ca gahitā, ‘‘paja’’nti iminā pana imāyeva catasso parisā vuttā, catuparisasaṅkhātaṃ pajanti vuttaṃ hoti, kathaṃ pana sammutidevehi saha manussaloko gahito? Etthāpi ‘‘sassamaṇabrāhmaṇi’’nti iminā samaṇabrāhmaṇā gahitā, ‘‘sadevamanussa’’nti iminā sammutidevasaṅkhātā khattiyā, gahapatisuddasaṅkhātā avasesamanussā ca gahitā honti. Ito pana aññesaṃ manussasattānaṃ abhāvato ‘‘paja’’nti iminā catūhi pakārehi ṭhitā eteyeva manussasattā vuttāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evaṃ vikappadvayepi pajāggahaṇena catuparisādivasena ṭhitānaṃ manussānaṃyeva gahitattā idāni ‘‘paja’’nti iminā avasesasatte saṅgahetvā dassetukāmo āha <span class="bld">‘‘avasesasabbasattaloko vā’’</span>ti. Tattha nāgagaruḷādivasena avasesasattaloko veditabbo. Etthāpi catuparisavasena sammutidevehi vā saha avasesasabbasattaloko vāti yojetabbaṃ. Catuparisasahito avasesasuddhanāgasupaṇṇanerayikādisattaloko, catudhā ṭhitamanussasahito vā avasesanāgasupaṇṇanerayikādisattaloko gahitoti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā bhāgaso lokaṃ gahetvā yojanaṃ dassetvā idāni tena tena visesena abhāgaso lokaṃ gahetvā yojanaṃ <a name="M1.0323"></a> dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘apicetthā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">ukkaṭṭhaparicchedato</span>ti ukkaṃsagativijānanena. Pañcasu hi gatīsu devagatipariyāpannāva seṭṭhā, tatthāpi arūpino dūrasamussāritakilesadukkhatāya santapaṇītaāneñjavihārasamaṅgitāya ativiya dīghāyukatāyāti evamādīhi visesehi ativiya ukkaṭṭhā. <span class="bld">Brahmā mahānubhāvo</span>ti dasasahassiyaṃ mahābrahmuno vasena vadati. ‘‘Ukkaṭṭhaparicchedato’’ti hi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Anuttara</span>nti seṭṭhaṃ navalokuttaraṃ. <span class="bld">Anusandhikkamo</span>ti atthānañceva padānañca anusandhānukkamo. Porāṇā panettha evaṃ vaṇṇayanti – <span class="bld">sadevaka</span>nti devatāhi saddhiṃ avasesaṃ lokaṃ. <span class="bld">Samāraka</span>nti mārena saddhiṃ avasesaṃ lokaṃ. <span class="bld">Sabrahmaka</span>nti brahmehi saddhiṃ avasesaṃ lokaṃ. Evaṃ sabbepi tibhavūpage satte devamārabrahmasahitatāsaṅkhātehi tīhi pakārehi ‘‘sadevaka’’ntiādīsu tīsu padesu pakkhipitvā puna <a name="V1.0284"></a> dvīhi padehi pariyādiyanto <span class="bld">‘‘sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussa’’</span>nti āha. Evaṃ pañcahipi padehi sadevakattādinā tena tena pakārena tedhātukameva pariyādinnanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Abhiññā</span>ti yakāralopenāyaṃ niddeso, abhijānitvāti ayamettha atthoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘abhiññāya adhikena ñāṇena ñatvā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Anumānādipaṭikkhepo</span>ti anumānaupamānaatthāpattiādipaṭikkhepo ekappamāṇattā. Sabbattha appaṭihatañāṇacāratāya hi sabbapaccakkhā buddhā bhagavanto. <span class="bld">Anuttaraṃ vivekasukha</span>nti phalasamāpattisukhaṃ. Tena vīthimissāpi kadāci bhagavato dhammadesanā hotīti <span class="bld">hitvāpī</span>ti pisaddaggahaṇaṃ. Bhagavā hi dhammaṃ desento yasmiṃ khaṇe parisā sādhukāraṃ vā deti, yathāsutaṃ vā dhammaṃ paccavekkhati, taṃ khaṇaṃ pubbabhāgena paricchinditvā phalasamāpattiṃ samāpajjati, yathāparicchedañca samāpattito vuṭṭhāya ṭhitaṭṭhānato paṭṭhāya dhammaṃ deseti. <span class="bld">Appaṃ vā bahuṃ vā desento</span>ti ugghaṭitaññussa vasena appaṃ vā, vipañcitaññussa neyyassa vā vasena bahuṃ vā desento. <span class="bld">Ādikalyāṇādippakārameva desetī</span>ti ādimhipi kalyāṇaṃ bhaddakaṃ anavajjameva katvā deseti. Majjhepi pariyosānepi kalyāṇaṃ bhaddakaṃ anavajjameva katvā desetīti vuttaṃ hoti. Dhammassa hi <a name="M1.0324"></a> kalyāṇatā niyyānikatāya niyyānikatā ca sabbaso anavajjabhāvena.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Samantabhaddakattā</span>ti sabbabhāgehi sundarattā. <span class="bld">Dhammassā</span>ti pariyattidhammassa. Kiñcāpi avayavavinimutto samudāyo nāma paramatthato koci natthi, yesu pana avayavesu samudāyarūpena apekkhitesu gāthāti samaññā, taṃ tato bhinnaṃ viya katvā saṃsāmivohāraṃ āropetvā dassento <span class="bld">‘‘paṭhamapādena ādikalyāṇā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Ekānusandhika</span>nti idaṃ nātibahuvibhāgaṃ yathānusandhinā ekānusandhikaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Itarassa pana teneva desetabbadhammavibhāgena ādimajjhapariyosānabhāgā labbhantīti. <span class="bld">Nidānenā</span>ti ānandattherena ṭhapitakāladesadesakaparisādiapadisanalakkhaṇena nidānaganthena. <span class="bld">Nigamenā</span>ti ‘‘idamavocā’’tiādikena ‘‘iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vutta’’nti vā yathāvuttatthanigamanena. Saṅgītikārakehi ṭhapitānipi hi nidānanigamanāni dassetvā tīṇi piṭakāni satthu desanāya anuvidhānato tadantogadhāneva. Teneva <span class="bld">dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> ‘‘ekānusandhikassa suttassa nidānaṃ ādi, idamavocāti pariyosānaṃ, ubhinnamantarā majjha’’nti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.190) vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ suttantapiṭakavasena dhammassa ādikalyāṇāditaṃ dassetvā idāni tīṇi piṭakāni ekajjhaṃ gahetvā taṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sakalopī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">sāsanadhammo</span>ti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbapāpassa <a name="V1.0285"></a> akaraṇaṃ, kusalassa upasampadā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sacittapariyodapanaṃ, etaṃ buddhāna sāsana’’nti. (dī. ni. 2.90; dha. pa. 183; netti. 30, 50) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ vuttassa satthusāsanassa pakāsako pariyattidhammo. Sīlamūlakattā sāsanassa <span class="bld">‘‘sīlena ādikalyāṇo’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Samathādīnaṃ sāsanasampattiyā vemajjhabhāvato āha <span class="bld">‘‘samathavipassanāmaggaphalehi majjhekalyāṇo’’</span>ti. Nibbānādhigamato uttari karaṇīyābhāvato vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘nibbānena pariyosānakalyāṇo’’</span>ti. Sāsane sammāpaṭipatti nāma paññāya hoti, tassā ca sīlaṃ samādhi ca mūlanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sīlasamādhīhi</span> <a name="M1.0325"></a> <span class="bld">vā ādikalyāṇo’’</span>ti. Paññā pana anubodhapaavedhavasena duvidhāti tadubhayampi gaṇhanto <span class="bld">‘‘vipassanāmaggehi majjhekalyāṇo’’</span>ti āha. Tassā nipphattiphalakiccaṃ nibbānasacchikiriyā, tato paraṃ kattabbaṃ natthīti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘phalanibbānehi pariyosānakalyāṇo’’</span>ti. Phalaggahaṇena vā saupādisesaṃ nibbānamāha, itarena itaraṃ tadubhayañca sāsanasampattiyā osānanti āha ‘‘phalanibbānehi pariyosānakalyāṇo’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Buddhasubodhitāya vā ādikalyāṇo</span>ti buddhassa subodhitā sammāsambuddhatā, tāya ādikalyāṇo tappabhavattā. Sabbaso saṃkilesappahānaṃ vodānapāripūrī ca dhammasudhammatā, tāya <span class="bld">majjhekalyāṇo</span> taṃsarīrattā. Satthārā yathānusiṭṭhaṃ tathā paṭipatti saṅghasuppaṭipatti, tāya <span class="bld">pariyosānakalyāṇo</span> tāya sāsanassa loke suppatiṭṭhitabhāvato. <span class="bld">Ta</span>nti sāsanadhammaṃ. <span class="bld">Tathattāyā</span>ti yathattāya bhagavatā dhammo desito, tathattāya tathabhāvāya. So pana abhisambodhi paccekabodhi sāvakabodhīti tividho ito aññathā nibbānādhigamassa abhāvato. Tattha sabbaguṇehi aggabhāvato itarabodhidvayamūlatāya ca paṭhamāya bodhiyā ādikalyāṇatā, guṇehi vemajjhabhāvato dutiyāya majjhekalyāṇatā, tadubhayatāya vā vosānatāya ca sāsanadhammassa tatiyāya pariyosānakalyāṇatā vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Eso</span>ti sāsanadhammo. <span class="bld">Nīvaraṇavikkhambhanato</span>ti vimuttāyatanasīse ṭhatvā saddhammaṃ suṇantassa nīvaraṇānaṃ vikkhambhanasabbhāvato. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yathā yathāvuso, bhikkhuno satthā vā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhānīyo sabrahmacārī, tathā tathā so tattha labhati atthavedaṃ labhati dhammaveda’’nti.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yasmiṃ<a name="V1.0286"></a>, bhikkhave, samaye ariyasāvako ohitasoto dhammaṃ suṇāti, pañcassa nīvaraṇāni tasmiṃ samaye pahīnāni hontī’’ti –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ca ādi. <span class="bld">Samathavipassanāsukhāvahanato</span>ti samathasukhassa vipassanāsukhassa ca sampāpanato. Vuttampi cetaṃ ‘‘so vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi <a name="M1.0326"></a> dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukha’’ntiādi, tathā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yato yato sammasati, khandhānaṃ udayabbayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Labhatī pītipāmojjaṃ, amataṃ taṃ vijānataṃ.</p>
<p class="gathalast">Amānusī ratī hoti, sammā dhammaṃ vipassato’’ti ca. (dha. pa. 374-373);</p>
<p class="unindented"><span class="bld">Tathā paṭipanno</span>ti yathā samathavipassanāsukhaṃ āvahati, yathā vā satthārā anusiṭṭhaṃ, tathā paṭipanno sāsanadhammo. <span class="bld">Tādibhāvāvahanato</span>ti chaḷaṅgupekkhāvasena iṭṭhādīsu tādibhāvassa lokadhammehi anupalepassa āvahanato. <span class="bld">Nāthappabhavattā</span>ti pabhavati etasmāti pabhavo, uppattiṭṭhānaṃ, nāthova pabhavo etassāti nāthappabhavo, tassa bhāvo nāthappabhavattaṃ, tasmā sāsanadhammassa nāthahetukattāti attho. <span class="bld">Atthasuddhiyā majjhekalyāṇo</span>ti nirupakkilesatāya niyyānikatā atthasuddhi, tāya majjhekalyāṇo. <span class="bld">Kiccasuddhiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo</span>ti suppaṭipattisaṅkhātakiccassa suddhiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo suppaṭipattipariyosānattā sāsanadhammassa. Yathāvuttamatthaṃ nigamento āha <span class="bld">‘‘tasmā’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sāsanabrahmacariya</span>ntiādīsu avisesena tisso sikkhā sakalo ca tantidhammo sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘katamesānaṃ kho, bhante, buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ brahmacariyaṃ na ciraṭṭhitikamahosī’’tiādi (pārā. 18). Ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo maggabrahmacariyaṃ. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīya’’nti (pārā. 14). <span class="bld">Yathānurūpa</span>nti yathārahaṃ. Sikkhattayasaṅgahañhi sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ atthasampattiyā <span class="bld">sātthaṃ,</span> tathā maggabrahmacariyaṃ. Itaraṃ pana tantidhammasaṅkhātaṃ sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ yathāvuttenatthena <span class="bld">sātthaṃ sabyañjanañca. Atthasampattiyā</span>ti sampannatthatāya. Sampattiattho hi idha sahasaddo. <span class="bld">Byañjanasampattiyā</span>ti etthāpi eseva nayo. Yassa hi yāgubhattādiitthipurisādivaṇṇanānissitā desanā hoti, na so sātthaṃ deseti niyyānatthavirahato tassā desanāya. Bhagavā pana tathārūpaṃ desanaṃ <a name="V1.0287"></a> pahāya catusatipaṭṭhānādinissitaṃ desanaṃ deseti, tasmā ‘‘atthasampattiyā sātthaṃ desetī’’ti vuccati<a name="M1.0327"></a>. Yassa pana desanā sithiladhanitādibhedesu byañjanesu ekappakāreneva dvippakāreneva vā byañjanena yuttatāya ekabyañjanādiyuttā vā damiḷabhāsā viya, vivaṭakaraṇatāya oṭṭhe aphusāpetvā uccāretabbato sabbaniroṭṭhabyañjanā vā kirātabhāsā viya, sabbattheva vissajjanīyayuttatāya sabbavissaṭṭhabyañjanā vā yavanabhāsā viya, sabbattheva sānusāratāya sabbaniggahītabyañjanā vā pādasikādi milakkhubhāsā viya, tassa byañjanapāripūriyā abhāvato abyañjanā nāma desanā hoti. Sabbāpi hi esā byañjanekadesavaseneva pavattiyā aparipuṇṇabyañjanāti katvā ‘‘abyañjanā’’ti vuccati. Bhagavā pana –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sithilaṃ dhanitañca dīgharassaṃ, garukaṃ lahukañca niggahītaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sambandhaṃ vavatthitaṃ vimuttaṃ, dasadhā byañjanabuddhiyā pabhedo’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.190; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.291; pari. aṭṭha. 485) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ vuttaṃ dasavidhaṃ byañjanaṃ amakkhetvā paripuṇṇabyañjanameva katvā dhammaṃ deseti, tasmā ‘‘byañjanasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ desetī’’ti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni ‘‘sātthaṃ sabyañjana’’nti ettha nettinayenapi atthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘saṅkāsanaṃ…pe… sabyañjana’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Tattha yadipi <span class="bld">nettiyaṃ</span> ‘‘byañjanamukhena byañjanatthaggahaṇaṃ hotīti akkharaṃ pada’’ntiādinā byañjanapadāni paṭhamaṃ uddiṭṭhāni, idha pana pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘sātthaṃ sabyañjana’’nti āgatattā atthapadāniyeva paṭhamaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘saṅkāsanapakāsanā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha saṅkhepato kāsanaṃ dīpanaṃ <span class="bld">saṅkāsanaṃ. Kāsana</span>nti ca kāsīyati dīpīyati vibhāvīyatīti attho. ‘‘Maññamāno kho bhikkhu baddho mārassa amaññamāno mutto’’tiādīsu viya saṅkhepena dīpanaṃ saṅkāsanaṃ nāma. Tattakena hi tena bhikkhunā paṭividdhaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘aññātaṃ bhagavā’’tiādi. Paṭhamaṃ kāsanaṃ <span class="bld">pakāsanaṃ</span>. ‘‘Sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, āditta’’nti evamādīsu pacchā kathitabbamatthaṃ paṭhamaṃ vacanena dīpanaṃ pakāsanaṃ nāma. Ādikammasmiñhi ayaṃ pa-saddo ‘‘paññapeti paṭṭhapetī’’tiādīsu viya. Tikkhindriyāpekkhañcetaṃ padadvayaṃ uddesabhāvato. Tikkhindriyo hi saṅkhepato paṭhamañca vuttamatthaṃ paṭipajjati. Saṃkhittassa vitthāravacanaṃ sakiṃ vuttassa puna vacanañca <span class="bld">vivaraṇavibhajanāni,</span> yathā ‘‘kusalā dhammā’’ti saṅkhepato sakiṃyeva ca vuttassa atthassa ‘‘katame <a name="V1.0288"></a> dhammā kusalā? Yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ citta’’ntiādinā vitthārato vivaraṇavasena <a name="M1.0328"></a> vibhajanavasena ca puna vacanaṃ. Majjhimindriyāpekkhametaṃ padadvayaṃ niddesabhāvato. Vivaṭassa vitthāratarābhidhānaṃ vibhattassa ca pakārehi ñāpanaṃ vineyyānaṃ cittaparitosanaṃ <span class="bld">uttānīkaraṇapaññāpanāni,</span> yathā ‘‘phasso hotī’’tiādinā vivaṭavibhattassa atthassa ‘‘katamo tasmiṃ samaye phasso hoti? Yo tasmiṃ samaye phasso phusanā saṃphusanā’’tiādinā uttānīkiriyā paññāpanā ca. Mudindriyāpekkhametaṃ padadvayaṃ paṭiniddesabhāvato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā ‘‘sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, āditta’’nti evaṃ paṭhamaṃ dīpitamatthaṃ puna pākaṭaṃ katvā dīpanena ‘‘kiñca, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ ādittaṃ? Cakkhu, bhikkhave, ādittaṃ, rūpā ādittā’’ti evamādinā saṃkhittassa vitthārābhidhānena sakiṃ vuttassa punapi abhidhānena vitthāretvā desanaṃ <span class="bld">vivaraṇaṃ</span> nāma. ‘‘Kusalā dhammā’’ti saṅkhepena nikkhittassa ‘‘katame dhammā kusalā? Yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hotī’’ti niddesavasena vivarite kusale dhamme ‘‘tasmiṃ samaye phasso hoti vedanā hotī’’ti vibhāgakaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">vibhajanaṃ</span> nāma. Vivaṭassa vitthārābhidhānena vibhattassa ca upamābhidhānena uttāniṃ karotīti vivaraṇena vivaritatthassa ‘‘katamo tasmiṃ samaye phasso hoti? Yo tasmiṃ samaye phasso phusanā saṃphusanā’’ti ativivaritvā kathanaṃ, vibhajanena vibhattassa ‘‘seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gāvī niccammā, evameva khvāyaṃ bhikkhave phassāhāro daṭṭhabboti vadāmī’’ti evamādiupamākathanañca <span class="bld">uttānīkaraṇaṃ</span> nāma. Dhammaṃ suṇantānaṃ dhammadesanena vicittena anekavidhena somanassassa uppādanaṃ atikhiṇabuddhīnaṃ anekavidhena ñāṇatikhiṇakaraṇañca <span class="bld">paññatti</span> nāma sotūnaṃ cittatosanena cittanisānena ca paññāpanaṃ paññattīti katvā. <span class="bld">Atthapadasamāyogato sāttha</span>nti pariyattiatthassa saṅkāsanādiatthapadarūpattā yathāvuttachaatthapadasamāyogato <span class="bld">sātthaṃ</span>. Saṅkāsanapakāsanādayo hi atthākārattā <span class="bld">‘‘atthapadānī’’</span>ti vuccanti. Atthoyeva hi byañjanapadehi saṅkāsīyati pakāsīyati vivarīyati vibhajīyati uttānī karīyati paññāpīyati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Akkharapadabyañjanākāraniruttiniddesasampattiyā</span>ti ettha ‘‘saṭṭhi vassasahassānī’’ti evamādīsu sa-kāra du-kāra so-kārādi viya uccāraṇavelāya apariyosite pade vaṇṇo <span class="bld">akkharaṃ</span> pariyāyavasena akkharaṇato <a name="M1.0329"></a> avevacanato. Na hi vaṇṇassa pariyāyo vijjati. Yathā hi padaṃ savevacanatāya atthavasena pariyāyaṃ carantaṃ sañcarantaṃ viya hoti, na evaṃ vaṇṇo avevacanattā. Ekakkharaṃ vā padaṃ akkharaṃ ‘‘mā evaṃ kira ta’’ntiādīsu mā-kārādayo <a name="V1.0289"></a> viya. Keci pana ‘‘tīsu dvāresu parisuddhapayogabhāvena visuddhakaraṇaṭṭhānānaṃ cittena pavattitadesanāvācāhi akkharaṇato avevacanato akathitattā akkharanti saññitā. Taṃ pārāyanikabrāhmaṇānaṃ manasā pucchitapañhānaṃ vasena bhagavatā ratanaghare nisīditvā sammasitapaṭṭhānamahāpakaraṇavasena ca gahetabba’’nti vadanti. Vibhattiyantaṃ atthassa ñāpanato <span class="bld">padaṃ</span>. Pajjati attho etenāti hi padaṃ. Taṃ nāmapadaṃ ākhyātapadaṃ upasaggapadaṃ nipātapadanti catubbidhaṃ. Tattha phasso vedanā cittanti evamādikaṃ dabbapadhānaṃ <span class="bld">nāmapadaṃ</span>. Nāmapadehi dabbamāvibhūtarūpaṃ, kiriyā anāvibhūtarūpā. Phusati vedayati vijānātīti evamādikaṃ kiriyāpadhānaṃ <span class="bld">ākhyātapadaṃ</span>. Ākhyātapadehi kiriyā āvibhūtarūpā, dabbamanāvibhūtarūpaṃ. Yathā ‘‘cirappavāsi’’nti ettha pa-saddo vasanakiriyāya viyogavisiṭṭhataṃ dīpeti, evaṃ kiriyāvisesadīpanato kiriyāvisesāvabodhanimittaṃ. Pa-iti evamādikaṃ <span class="bld">upasaggapadaṃ</span>. Kiriyāya dabbassa ca sarūpavisesappakāsanahetubhūtaṃ evanti evamādikaṃ <span class="bld">nipātapadaṃ</span>. ‘‘Evaṃ manasi karotha, mā evaṃ manasākatthā’’tiādīsu hi kiriyāvisesadīpanato kiriyāvisesassa jotako evaṃsaddo, ‘‘evaṃsīlā evaṃdhammā’’tiādīsu dabbavisesassa. Saṅkhepato vuttaṃ padābhihitaṃ atthaṃ byañjetīti <span class="bld">byañjanaṃ,</span> vākyaṃ. ‘‘Cattāro iddhipādā’’ti saṅkhepena kathitamatthaṃ ‘‘katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriya, citta, vīmaṃsasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāvetī’’tiādinā pākaṭaṃ karotīti vākyameva byañjanaṃ, taṃ pana atthato padasamudāyoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Saākhyātaṃ sanipātaṃ sakārakaṃ savisesanaṃ vākyanti hi vadanti. Nanu ca padenapi attho byañjīyatīti padampi byañjananti āpajjatīti? Taṃ na. Padamattasavanepi hi adhikārādivasena labbhamānehi padantarehi anusandhānaṃ katvāva atthasampaṭipatti hotīti vākyameva atthaṃ byañjayatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pakārato vākyavibhāgo <span class="bld">ākāro</span>. ‘‘Tattha katamo chando? Yo chando chandikatā kattukamyatā’’ti evamādīsu kathitasseva vākyassa <a name="M1.0330"></a> anekavidhena vibhāgakaraṇaṃ ākāro nāma. Ākārābhihitaṃ nibbacanaṃ <span class="bld">nirutti</span>. ‘‘Phasso vedanā’’ti evamādīsu ākārena kathitaṃ ‘‘phusatīti phasso, vedayatīti vedanā’’ti nīharitvā vitthāravacanaṃ nirutti nāma. ‘‘Nibbānaṃ maggati, nibbānatthikehi vā maggīyati, kilese vā mārento gacchatīti maggo’’tiādinā nibbacanavitthāro niravasesadesanattā <span class="bld">niddeso</span>. Atha vā vedayatīti vedanāti nibbacanaladdhapadesu sukhadukkhaadukkhamasukhāsu sukhayatīti sukhā, dukkhayatīti dukkhā, neva dukkhayati na sukhayatīti adukkhamasukhāti atthavitthāro niravasesena kathitattā <span class="bld">niddeso</span> nāma. Etesaṃ akkharādīnaṃ byañjanapadānaṃ sampattiyā sampannatāya <span class="bld">sabyañjanaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="V1.0290"></a> panassa atthapadasamāyogo byañjanapadasampatti ca veditabbā. Tattha bhagavā akkharehi saṅkāseti, padehi pakāseti, byañjanehi vivarati, ākārehi vibhajati, niruttīhi uttāniṃ karoti, niddesehi paññapeti. Tathā hi padāvayavaggahaṇamukhena padaggahaṇaṃ, gahitena ca padena padatthāvabodho gahitapubbasaṅketassa hotīti bhagavā akkharehi saṅkāseti. Yasmā pana akkharehi saṃkhittena dīpiyamāno attho padapariyosāne vākyassa apariyositattā padena paṭhamaṃ pakāsito dīpito hoti, tasmā padehi pakāseti. Vākyapariyosāne pana so attho vivarito vivaṭo kato hotīti byañjanehi vivarati. Yasmā ca pakārehi vākyabhede kate tadattho vibhatto nāma hoti, tasmā ākārehi vibhajati. Tathā vākyāvayavānaṃ paccekaṃ nibbacanavibhāge kate so attho pākaṭo hotīti niruttīhi uttāniṃ karoti. Katanibbacanehi pana vākyāvayavehi vitthāravasena niravasesato desitehi veneyyānaṃ cittaparitosanaṃ buddhinisānañca kataṃ hotīti niddesehi paññapeti. Apica bhagavā akkharehi ugghaṭetvā padehi vineti ugghaṭitaññuṃ, byañjanehi vipañcetvā ākārehi vineti vipañcitaññuṃ, niruttīhi netvā niddesehi vineti neyyaṃ. Evañcāyaṃ dhammo ugghaṭiyamāno ugghaṭitaññuṃ vineti, vipañciyamāno vipañcitaññuṃ, nīyamāno neyyaṃ. Tattha ugghaṭanā ādi, vipañcanā majjhe, nayanaṃ ante. Evaṃ tīsu kālesu tidhā desito dosattayavidhamano guṇattayāvaho tividhavineyyavinayanoti evampi tividhakalyāṇoyaṃ <a name="M1.0331"></a> dhammo atthabyañjanapāripūriyā sāttho sabyañjanoti veditabbo. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">nettipakaraṇe</span> (netti. 9) –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Tattha bhagavā akkharehi saṅkāseti, padehi pakāseti, byañjanehi vivarati, ākārehi vibhajati, niruttīhi uttāniṃ karoti, niddesehi paññapeti. Tattha bhagavā akkharehi ca padehi ca ugghaṭeti, byañjanehi ca ākārehi ca vipañceti, niruttīhi ca niddesehi ca vitthāreti. Tattha ugghaṭanā ādi, vipañcanā majjhe, vitthāranā pariyosānaṃ. Soyaṃ dhammavinayo ugghaṭiyanto ugghaṭitaññuṃ puggalaṃ vineti, tena naṃ āhu ādikalyāṇoti. Vipañciyanto vipañcitaññuṃ puggalaṃ vineti, tena naṃ āhu majjhekalyāṇoti. Vitthāriyanto neyyaṃ puggalaṃ vineti, tena naṃ āhu pariyosānakalyāṇotī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Atthagambhīratā</span>tiādīsu <span class="bld">attho</span> nāma tantiattho. <span class="bld">Dhammo</span> tanti. <span class="bld">Paṭivedho</span> tantiyā tantiatthassa ca yathābhūtāvabodho. <span class="bld">Desanā</span> nāma manasā vavatthāpitāya tantiyā desanā. Te panete atthādayo yasmā sasādīhi viya mahāsamuddo mandabuddhīhi dukkhogāhā alabbhaneyyapatiṭṭhā <a name="V1.0291"></a> ca, tasmā <span class="bld">gambhīrā</span>. Atha vā <span class="bld">attho</span> nāma hetuphalaṃ. <span class="bld">Dhammo</span> hetu. <span class="bld">Desanā</span> paññatti, yathādhammaṃ dhammābhilāpo. Anulomapaṭilomasaṅkhepavitthārādivasena vā kathanaṃ. <span class="bld">Paṭivedho</span> abhisamayo, atthānurūpaṃ dhammesu, dhammānurūpaṃ atthesu, paññattipathānurūpaṃ paññattīsu avabodho. Tesaṃ tesaṃ vā dhammānaṃ paṭivijjhitabbo lakkhaṇasaṅkhāto aviparītasabhāvo. Tepi cete atthādayo yasmā anupacitakusalasambhārehi duppaññehi sasādīhi viya mahāsamuddo dukkhogāhā alabbhaneyyapatiṭṭhā ca, tasmā <span class="bld">gambhīrā</span>. Tesu paṭivedhassapi atthasannissitattā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘atthagambhīratāpaṭivedhagambhīratāhi sāttha’’</span>nti atthaguṇadīpanato. Tāsaṃ dhammadesanānaṃ byañjanasannissitattā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘dhammagambhīratādesanāgambhīratāhi sabyañjana’’</span>nti tāsaṃ byañjanasampattidīpanato. Atthesu pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā, atthadhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāsu pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ paṭibhānapaṭisambhidāti imissāpi paṭisambhidāya atthavisayattā āha <span class="bld">‘‘atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāvisayato sāttha’’</span>nti atthasampattiyā <a name="M1.0332"></a> asati tadabhāvato. <span class="bld">Dhammo</span>ti tanti. <span class="bld">Niruttī</span>ti tantipadānaṃ niddhāretvā vacanaṃ. Tattha pabhedagatāni ñāṇāni dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāvisayato sabyañjana’’</span>nti asati byañjanasampattiyā tadabhāvato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Parikkhakajanappasādakantī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">iti</span>-saddo hetuattho. Yasmā parikkhakajanānaṃ kiṃkusalagavesīnaṃ pasādāvahaṃ, tasmā <span class="bld">sātthaṃ</span>. Atthasampannanti phalena hetuno anumānaṃ nadīpūrena viya upari vuṭṭhipavattiyā. Sātthakatā panassa <span class="bld">paṇḍitavedanīyatāya,</span> sā paramagambhīrasaṇhasukhumabhāvato veditabbā. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘gambhīro duddaso’’tiādi. <span class="bld">Lokiyajanappasādakanti sabyañjana</span>nti yasmā lokiyajanassa pasādāvahaṃ, tasmā <span class="bld">sabyañjanaṃ</span>. Lokiyajano hi byañjanasampattiyā tussati. Idhāpi phalena hetuno anumānaṃ. Sabyañjanatā panassa <span class="bld">saddheyyatāya,</span> sā ādikalyāṇādibhāvato veditabbā. Atha vā <span class="bld">paṇḍitavedanīyato sāttha</span>nti paññāpadaṭṭhānatāya atthasampannataṃ āha, tato <span class="bld">parikkhakajanappasādakaṃ saddheyyato sabyañjana</span>nti saddhāpadaṭṭhānatāya byañjanasampannataṃ, tato lokiyajanappasādatanti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Gambhīrādhippāyato sāttha</span>nti adhippāyato agādhāpāratāya atthasampannaṃ aññathā tadabhāvato. <span class="bld">Uttānapadato sabyañjana</span>nti subodhasaddakatāya byañjanasampannaṃ paramagambhīrassapi atthassa vineyyānaṃ suviññeyyabhāvāpādanato. Sabbopesa atthasampattiyā sātthaṃ, byañjanasampattiyā sabyañjananti sabbapaṭhamaṃ vuttasseva atthadvayassa papañcoti daṭṭhabbo. Tathā ceva tattha tattha saṃvaṇṇitaṃ. Tathā hettha vikappassa samuccayassa vā aggahaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Upanetabbassa abhāvato</span>ti pakkhipitabbassa vodānatthassa avuttassa abhāvato. <span class="bld">Kevala</span>saddo sakalādhivacananti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sakalaparipuṇṇabhāvenā’’</span>ti<a name="V1.0292"></a>, sabbabhāgehi paripuṇṇatāyāti attho. <span class="bld">Apanetabbassā</span>ti saṃkilesadhammassa.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Brahmacariyaṃ pakāsetī</span>ti ettha pana ayaṃ <span class="bld">brahmacariya</span>-saddo dāne veyyāvacce pañcasikkhāpadasīle appamaññāsu methunaviratiyaṃ sadārasantose vīriye uposathaṅgesu ariyamagge sāsaneti imesu atthesu dissati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kiṃ <a name="M1.0333"></a> te vataṃ kiṃ pana brahmacariyaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Kissa suciṇṇassa ayaṃ vipāko;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Iddhī jutī balavīriyūpapatti,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Idañca te nāgamahāvimānaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ahañca bhariyā ca manussaloke,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Saddhā ubho dānapatī ahumhā;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Opānabhūtaṃ me gharaṃ tadāsi,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Santappitā samaṇabrāhmaṇā ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Taṃ me vataṃ taṃ pana brahmacariyaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Tassa suciṇṇassa ayaṃ vipāko;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Iddhī jutī balavīriyūpapatti,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Idañca me dhīra mahāvimāna’’nti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Imasmiñhi <span class="bld">puṇṇakajātake</span> (jā. 2.22.1592-1593, 1595) dānaṃ ‘‘brahmacariya’’nti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kena pāṇi kāmadado, kena pāṇi madhussavo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kena te brahmacariyena, puññaṃ pāṇimhi ijjhati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tena pāṇi kāmadado, tena pāṇi madhussavo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tena me brahmacariyena, puññaṃ pāṇimhi ijjhatī’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Imasmiṃ <a name="V1.0293"></a> <span class="bld">aṅkurapetavatthumhi</span> (pe. va. 275, 277) veyyāvaccaṃ ‘‘brahmacariya’’nti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Evaṃ kho taṃ bhikkhave tittiriyaṃ nāma brahmacariyaṃ ahosī’’ti (cūḷava. 311) imasmiṃ <span class="bld">tittirajātake</span> pañcasikkhāpadasīlaṃ ‘‘brahmacariya’’nti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Taṃ kho pana me pañcasikha brahmacariyaṃ neva nibbidāya na virāgāya na nirodhāya yāvadeva brahmalokūpapattiyā’’ti imasmiṃ <span class="bld">mahāgovindasutte</span> (dī. ni. 2.329) catasso appamaññāyo ‘‘brahmacariya’’nti vuttā. ‘‘Pare abrahmacārī bhavissanti, mayamettha brahmacārī bhavissāmā’’ti imasmiṃ <span class="bld">sallekhasutte</span> (ma. ni. 1.83) methunavirati ‘‘brahmacariya’’nti vuttā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Mayañca <a name="M1.0334"></a> bhariyā nātikkamāma,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Amhe ca bhariyā nātikkamanti;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Aññatra tāhi brahmacariyaṃ carāma,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā hi amhaṃ daharā na mīyare’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented"><span class="bld">Mahādhammapālajātake</span> (jā. 1.10.97) sadārasantoso ‘‘brahmacariya’’nti vutto. ‘‘Abhijānāmi kho panāhaṃ, sāriputta, caturaṅgasamannāgataṃ brahmacariyaṃ caritā, tapassī sudaṃ homī’’ti <span class="bld">lomahaṃsanasutte</span> (ma. ni. 1.155) vīriyaṃ ‘‘brahmacariya’’nti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Hīnena brahmacariyena, khattiye upapajjati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Majjhimena ca devattaṃ, uttamena visujjhatī’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ (jā. 2.22.429) <span class="bld">nimijātake</span> attadamanavasena kato aṭṭhaṅgiko uposatho ‘‘brahmacariya’’nti vutto. ‘‘Idaṃ kho pana me, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṃ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya…pe… ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo’’ti <span class="bld">mahāgovindasuttasmiṃ</span>yeva (dī. ni. 2.329) ariyamaggo ‘‘brahmacariya’’nti vutto. ‘‘Tayidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ iddhañceva phītañca vitthārikaṃ bāhujaññaṃ puthubhūtaṃ yāvadeva manussehi suppakāsita’’nti <span class="bld">pāsādikasutte</span> (dī. ni. 3.174) sikkhattayasaṅgahaṃ sakalasāsanaṃ ‘‘brahmacariya’’nti vuttaṃ. Imasmimpi ṭhāne idameva ‘‘brahmacariya’’nti adhippetanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sikkhattayapariggahitattā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Seṭṭhehī</span>ti buddhādīhi seṭṭhehi. Seṭṭhaṭṭhena brahmabhūtaṃ vā cariyaṃ <span class="bld">brahmacariyaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sanidāna</span>nti heṭṭhā vuttalakkhaṇena nidānena sanidānaṃ. <span class="bld">Sauppattika</span>nti saaṭṭhuppattikaṃ. <span class="bld">Veneyyānaṃ</span> <a name="V1.0294"></a> <span class="bld">anurūpato</span>ti veneyyānaṃ cariyādianurūpato. <span class="bld">Atthassā</span>ti desiyamānassa sīlādiatthassa. <span class="bld">Hetudāharaṇayuttato</span>ti ‘‘taṃ kissa hetu seyyathāpi, bhikkhave’’ti ca ādinā tattha tattha hetupamaggahaṇena hetudāharaṇehi yuttato. <span class="bld">Saddhāpaṭilābhenā</span>ti ‘‘te taṃ dhammaṃ sutvā tathāgate saddhaṃ paṭilabhantī’’tiādinā vuttasaddhāpaṭilābhena. <span class="bld">Paṭipattiyā</span>ti sīlavisuddhiyādisammāpaṭipattiyā, paṭipattinimittanti attho. <span class="bld">Adhigamabyattito</span>ti saccappaṭivedhena adhigamaveyyattiyasabbhāvato sātthaṃ kapilamatādi viya tucchaṃ niratthakaṃ ahutvā <a name="M1.0335"></a> atthasampannanti katvā. <span class="bld">Pariyattiyā</span>ti pariyattidhammaparicayena. <span class="bld">Āgamabyattito</span>ti durakkhātadhammesu paricayaṃ karontassa viya sammohaṃ ajanetvā bāhusaccaveyyattiyasabbhāvato <span class="bld">sabyañjanaṃ</span>. Byañjanasampattiyā hi sati āgamabyattīti. <span class="bld">Sīlādipañcadhammakkhandhayuttato</span>ti sīlādīhi pañcahi dhammakoṭṭhāsehi avirahitattā. <span class="bld">Kevalaparipuṇṇa</span>nti anavasesena samantato puṇṇaṃ pūritaṃ. <span class="bld">Nirupakkilesato</span>ti diṭṭhimānādiupakkilesābhāvato. <span class="bld">Nittharaṇatthāyā</span>ti vaṭṭadukkhato nissaraṇāya. <span class="bld">Lokāmisanirapekkhato</span>ti kathañcipi taṇhāsannissayassa anissayato <span class="bld">parisuddhaṃ</span>. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yo ‘‘imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ nissāya lābhaṃ vā sakkāraṃ vā labhissāmī’’ti deseti, tassa aparisuddhā desanā hoti. Bhagavā pana lokāmisanirapekkho hitapharaṇena mettābhāvanāya muduhadayo ullumpanasabhāvasaṇṭhitena cittena deseti, tasmā tassa desanā parisuddhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sādhū</span>ti ayaṃ saddo ‘‘sādhu me bhante bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetū’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 4.95) āyācane dissati. ‘‘Sādhu bhanteti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 3.86) sampaṭicchane. ‘‘Sādhu sādhu sāriputtā’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 3.349) sampahaṃsane. ‘‘Tena hi brāhmaṇa sādhukaṃ suṇohī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 5.192) daḷhīkamme āṇattiyañca dissati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sādhu dhammaruci rājā, sādhu paññāṇavā naro;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sādhu mittānamaddubbho, pāpassākaraṇaṃ sukha’’nti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādīsu (jā. 2.18.101) sundare. Idhāpi sundareyeva daṭṭhabboti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sādhu kho panāti sundaraṃ kho panā’’</span>ti. Tattha <span class="bld">sundara</span>nti bhaddakaṃ. Bhaddakatā ca passantassa hitasukhāvahabhāvenāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘atthāvahaṃ sukhāvaha’’</span>nti. Tattha <span class="bld">atthāvaha</span>nti diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthasaññitahitāvahaṃ. <span class="bld">Sukhāvaha</span>nti yathāvuttatividhasukhāvahaṃ. <span class="bld">Tathārūpāna</span>nti tādisānaṃ<a name="V1.0295"></a>. Yādisehi pana guṇehi bhagavā samannāgato, tehi catuppamāṇikassa lokassa sabbakālepi accantāya pasādanīyo tesaṃ yathābhūtasabhāvattāti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘yathārūpo’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">yathābhucca…pe… arahata</span>nti iminā dhammappamāṇānaṃ lūkhappamāṇānañca sattānaṃ bhagavato <a name="M1.0336"></a> pasādāvahataṃ dasseti, taṃdassanena ca itaresampi rūpappamāṇaghosappamāṇānaṃ pasādāvahatā dassitā hotīti daṭṭhabbaṃ tadavinābhāvato. Brahmacariyaṃ pakāsetīti kittisaddo abbhuggatoti evamettha sambandhoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘dassanamattampi sādhu hotīti evamajjhāsayaṃ katvā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">dassanamattampi sādhu hotī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">kosiyasakuṇavatthu</span> kathetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para2"></a><span class="paranum">2</span>. <span class="bld">Yena vā kāraṇenā</span>ti hetumhi idaṃ karaṇavacanaṃ. Hetuattho hi kiriyākāraṇaṃ, na karaṇaṃ viya kiriyattho, tasmā nānappakāraguṇavisesādhigamatthā idha upasaṅkamanakiriyāti ‘‘annena vasatī’’tiādīsu viya hetuatthamevetaṃ karaṇavacanaṃ yuttaṃ, na karaṇatthaṃ tassa ayujjamānattāti vuttaṃ ‘‘yena vā kāraṇenā’’ti. Avibhāgato hi satatappavattaniratisayasāduvipulāmatarasasaddhammaphalatāyassa sāduphalaniccaphalitamahārukkhena bhagavā upamito. Sāduphalūpabhogādhippāyaggahaṇeneva hi mahārukkhassa sāduphalatā gahitāti. <span class="bld">Upasaṅkamī</span>ti upasaṅkamanto. Sampattakāmatāya hi kiñci ṭhānaṃ gacchanto taṃtaṃpadesātikkamanena upasaṅkami upasaṅkamantoti vattabbataṃ labhati. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘gatoti vuttaṃ hotī’’</span>ti, upagatoti attho. <span class="bld">Upasaṅkamitvā</span>ti pubbakālakiriyāniddesoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘upasaṅkamanapariyosānadīpana’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Tato</span>ti yaṃ ṭhānaṃ patto upasaṅkamīti vutto, tato upagataṭṭhānato. <span class="bld">Āsannataraṃ ṭhāna</span>nti pañhaṃ vā pucchituṃ dhammaṃ vā sotuṃ sakkuṇeyyaṭṭhānaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yathā khamanīyādīni pucchanto</span>ti yathā bhagavā ‘‘kacci te brāhmaṇa khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīya’’ntiādinā khamanīyādīni pucchanto tena brāhmaṇena saddhiṃ samappavattamodo ahosi. Pubbabhāsitāya tadanukaraṇena evaṃ sopi brāhmaṇo bhagavatā saddhiṃ samappavattamodo ahosīti yojanā. Taṃ pana samappavattamodataṃ upamāya dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sītodakaṃ viyā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Sammodita</span>nti saṃsanditaṃ. <span class="bld">Ekībhāva</span>nti sammodanakiriyāya samānataṃ ekarūpataṃ. <span class="bld">Khamanīya</span>nti ‘‘idaṃ catucakkaṃ navadvāraṃ sarīrayantaṃ dukkhabahulatāya <a name="M1.0337"></a> sabhāvato dussahaṃ, kacci khamituṃ sakkuṇeyyanti pucchati. <span class="bld">Yāpanīya</span>nti paccayāyattavuttikaṃ cirappabandhasaṅkhātāya yāpanāya kacci yāpetuṃ sakkuṇeyyaṃ. Sīsarogādiābādhābhāvena <span class="bld">kacci appābādhaṃ</span>. Dukkhajīvikābhāvena <span class="bld">kacci appātaṅkaṃ</span>. Taṃtaṃkiccakaraṇe uṭṭhānasukhatāya <span class="bld">kacci lahuṭṭhānaṃ</span>. Tadanurūpabalayogato <span class="bld">kacci balaṃ</span>. Sukhavihārasambhavena <span class="bld">kacci phāsuvihāro</span> atthīti tattha tattha kaccisaddaṃ yojetvā attho veditabbo<a name="V1.0296"></a>. Balappattā pīti <span class="bld">pīti</span>yeva. Taruṇapīti <span class="bld">pāmojjaṃ</span>. Sammodaṃ janeti karotīti sammodanikaṃ, tadeva sammodanīyanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sammodajananato’’</span>ti. Sammoditabbato sammodanīyanti idaṃ pana atthaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘sammodituṃ yuttabhāvato’’</span>ti āha. <span class="bld">Saritabbabhāvato</span>ti anussaritabbabhāvato. ‘‘Saraṇīya’’nti vattabbe dīghaṃ katvā <span class="bld">‘‘sāraṇīya’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Suyyamānasukhato</span>ti āpāthamadhuratamāha. <span class="bld">Anussariyamānasukhato</span>ti vimaddaramaṇīyataṃ. <span class="bld">Byañjanaparisuddhatāyā</span>ti sabhāvaniruttibhāvena tassā kathāya vacanacāturiyamāha. <span class="bld">Atthaparisuddhatāyā</span>ti atthassa nirupakkilesataṃ. <span class="bld">Anekehi pariyāyehī</span>ti anekehi kāraṇehi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atidūraaccāsannapaṭikkhepena nātidūranāccāsannaṃ nāma gahitaṃ, taṃ pana avakaṃsato ubhinnaṃ pasāritahatthāsaṅghaṭṭanena daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Gīvaṃ pasāretvā</span>ti gīvaṃ parivattanavasena pasāretvā. <span class="bld">Me</span>ti kattuatthe sāmivacananti āha <span class="bld">‘‘mayā suta’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Jātibrāhmaṇe</span>ti jātiyā brāhmaṇe, na bāhitapāpatāyāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Khaṇḍiccādibhāvaṃ āpādite</span>ti khaṇḍitadantapalitakesādibhāvaṃ sampāpite. <span class="bld">Vuḍḍhimariyādappatte</span>ti vuḍḍhiparicchedaṃ sampatte, vuḍḍhipariyantappatteti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Jātimahallakatāyā</span>ti uppattiyā mahallakabhāvena. Mahattaṃ lāti gaṇhātīti mahallako, jātiyā mahallako, na vibhavādināti jātimahallako. <span class="bld">Addhāna</span>nti dīghakālaṃ. Kittako pana soti āha <span class="bld">‘‘dve tayo rājaparivaṭṭe’’</span>ti, dvinnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ rājūnaṃ rajjapasāsanapaṭipāṭiyoti attho. ‘‘Addhagate’’ti vatvā kathaṃ vayogahaṇaṃ osānavayāpekkhanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘pacchimavayaṃ anuppatte’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Pacchimo tatiyabhāgo</span>ti sattasaṭṭhito paṭṭhāya pacchimavayo koṭṭhāso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dutiye <a name="M1.0338"></a> atthavikappe <span class="bld">jiṇṇe</span>ti nāyaṃ jiṇṇatā vayomattena, atha kho kulaparivaṭṭena purāṇatāyāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘jiṇṇeti porāṇe’’</span>tiādi. Tena tesaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ kulavasena uditoditabhāvamāha. ‘‘Vayoanuppatte’’ti iminā jātivuḍḍhiyā vakkhamānattā guṇavuḍḍhiyā tato sātisayattā ca <span class="bld">‘‘vuḍḍheti sīlācārādiguṇavuḍḍhiyutte’’</span>ti āha. Tathā jātimahallakatāyapi teneva vakkhamānattā <span class="bld">mahallake</span>ti padena vibhavamahattatā yojitā. <span class="bld">Maggapaṭipanne</span>ti brāhmaṇānaṃ paṭipattividhiṃ upagate taṃ avokkamma caraṇato. <span class="bld">Antimavaya</span>nti pacchimavayaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paccuṭṭhānaṃ nāma āsanā vuṭṭhānanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘nāsanā vuṭṭhahatī’’</span>ti, nisinnāsanato na vuṭṭhātīti attho. Ettha ca jiṇṇe…pe… vayoanuppatteti upayogavacanaṃ āsanā vuṭṭhānakiriyāpekkhaṃ na hoti, tasmā jiṇṇe…pe… vayoanuppatte disvāti ajjhāhāraṃ katvā attho veditabbo. Atha vā paccuggamanakiriyāpekkhaṃ upayogavacanaṃ, tasmā <span class="bld">na paccuṭṭhetī</span>ti <a name="V1.0297"></a> uṭṭhāya paccuggamanaṃ na karotīti attho veditabbo. Paccuggamanampi hi paccuṭṭhānanti vuccati. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘ācariyaṃ pana dūratova disvā paccuṭṭhāya paccuggamanakaraṇaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ nāmā’’ti. Nāsanā vuṭṭhātīti iminā pana paccuggamanābhāvassa upalakkhaṇamattaṃ dassitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Vibhāvane nāma atthe</span>ti pakativibhāvanasaṅkhāte atthe, <span class="bld">na abhivādeti vā</span>ti na abhivādetabbanti sallakkhetīti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Taṃ aññāṇa</span>nti ‘‘ayaṃ mama abhivādanādīni kātuṃ araharūpo na hotī’’ti ajānanavasena pavattaṃ aññāṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Olokento</span>ti ‘‘dukkhaṃ kho agāravo viharati appatisso, kiṃ nu kho ahaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkareyyaṃ, garuṃ kareyya’’ntiādisuttavasena (a. ni. 4.21) ñāṇacakkhunā olokento. <span class="bld">Nipaccakārāraha</span>nti paṇipātārahaṃ. <span class="bld">Sampatijāto</span>ti muhuttajāto, jātasamanantaramevāti vuttaṃ hoti. Uttarena mukhoti <span class="bld">uttarābhimukho,</span> uttaradisābhimukhoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Sattapadavītihārena gantvā sakalaṃ dasasahassilokadhātuṃ olokesi</span>nti idaṃ ‘‘dhammatā esā, bhikkhave, sampatijāto bodhisatto samehi pādehi patiṭṭhahitvā uttarābhimukho sattapadavītihārena gacchati, setamhi chatte anudhāriyamāne <a name="M1.0339"></a> sabbā disā viloketi, āsabhiñca vācaṃ bhāsatī’’ti evaṃ pāḷiyaṃ (dī. ni. 2.31) sattapadavītihārūpariṭṭhitassa viya sabbadisānuvilokanassa kathitattā vuttaṃ, na panetaṃ evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, sattapadavītihārato pageva disāvilokanassa katattā. Mahāsatto hi manussānaṃ hatthato muccitvā puratthimadisaṃ olokesi, anekāni cakkavāḷasahassāni ekaṅgaṇāni ahesuṃ. Tattha devamanussā gandhamālādīhi pūjayamānā ‘‘mahāpurisa idha tumhehi sadisopi natthi, kuto uttaritaro’’ti āhaṃsu. Evaṃ catasso disā catasso anudisā heṭṭhā uparīti dasapi disā anuviloketvā attano sadisaṃ adisvā ‘‘ayaṃ uttarā disā’’ti sattapadavītihārena agamāsīti veditabbo. <span class="bld">Olokesi</span>nti mama puññānubhāvena lokavivaraṇapāṭihāriye jāte paññāyamānaṃ dasasahassilokadhātuṃ maṃsacakkhunāva olokesinti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mahāpuriso</span>ti jātigottakulappadesādivasena mahantapuriso. <span class="bld">Aggo</span>ti guṇehi sabbapadhāno. <span class="bld">Jeṭṭho</span>ti guṇavaseneva sabbesaṃ vuḍḍhatamo, guṇehi mahallakatamoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Seṭṭho</span>ti guṇavaseneva sabbesaṃ pasatthatamo. Atthato pana pacchimāni dve purimasseva vevacanānīti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Tayā</span>ti nissakke karaṇavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Uttaritaro</span>ti adhikataro. <span class="bld">Patimānesī</span>ti pūjesi. <span class="bld">Āsabhi</span>nti uttamaṃ. <span class="bld">Mayhaṃ abhivādanādiraho puggalo</span>ti mayhaṃ abhivādanādikiriyāya araho anucchaviko puggalo. Niccasāpekkhatāya panettha samāso daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Tathāgatā</span>ti tathāgatato, tathāgatassa <a name="V1.0298"></a> santikāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Evarūpa</span>nti abhivādanādisabhāvaṃ. <span class="bld">Paripākasithilabandhana</span>nti paripākena sithilabandhanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para3"></a><span class="paranum">3</span>. <span class="bld">Taṃ vacana</span>nti ‘‘nāhaṃ taṃ brāhmaṇā’’tiādivacanaṃ. ‘‘Nāhaṃ arasarūpo, mādisā vā arasarūpā’’ti vutte brāhmaṇo thaddho bhaveyya. Tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘cittamudubhāvajananattha’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Ayañhi pariyāyasaddo desanāvārakāraṇesu vattatī</span>ti ettha pariyāyeti desetabbamatthaṃ avagameti bodhetīti <span class="bld">pariyāyo,</span> desanā. Pariyāyati aparāparaṃ parivattetīti <span class="bld">pariyāyo</span><a name="M1.0340"></a>, vāro. Pariyāyati attano phalaṃ pariggahetvā vattati, tassa vā kāraṇabhāvaṃ gacchatīti <span class="bld">pariyāyo,</span> kāraṇanti evaṃ pariyāyasaddassa desanāvārakāraṇesu pavatti veditabbā. <span class="bld">Aññāya saṇṭhaheyyā</span>ti arahatte patiṭṭhaheyya. <span class="bld">Katamo pana so</span>ti pariyāyāpekkho pulliṅganiddeso, katamo so pariyāyoti attho. <span class="bld">Jātivasenā</span>ti khattiyādijātivasena. <span class="bld">Upapattivasenā</span>ti devesu upapattivasena. <span class="bld">Seṭṭhasammatānampī</span>ti <span class="bld">api</span>-saddena pageva aseṭṭhasammatānanti dasseti. <span class="bld">Abhinandantāna</span>nti sappītikataṇhāvasena pamodamānānaṃ. <span class="bld">Rajjantāna</span>nti balavarāgavasena rajjantānaṃ. Rūpādiparibhogena uppannataṇhāyuttasomanassavedanā rūpato nibbattitvā hadayatappanato ambarasādayo viya <span class="bld">‘‘rūparasā’’</span>ti vuccanti. <span class="bld">Āviñchantī</span>ti ākaḍḍhanti. <span class="bld">Vatthārammaṇādisāmaggiya</span>nti vatthuārammaṇādikāraṇasāmaggiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Anukkhipanto</span>ti attukkaṃsanavasena kathite brāhmaṇassa asappāyabhāvato attānaṃ anukkhipanto anukkaṃsento.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Etasmiṃ panatthe karaṇe sāmivacana</span>nti ‘‘jahitā’’ti etasmiṃ atthe. <span class="bld">Tathāgatassā</span>ti karaṇe sāmivacanaṃ, tathāgatena jahitāti attho. <span class="bld">Mūla</span>nti bhavamūlaṃ. ‘‘Tālavatthuvatthukatā’’ti vattabbe ‘‘oṭṭhamukho’’tiādīsu viya majjhepadalopaṃ katvā akārañca dīghaṃ katvā ‘‘tālāvatthukatā’’ti vuttanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tālavatthu viya nesaṃ vatthu katanti tālāvatthukatā’’</span>ti. Tattha tālassa vatthu tālavatthu. Yathā ārāmassa vatthubhūtapubbo padeso ārāmassa abhāve ‘‘ārāmavatthū’’ti vuccati, evaṃ tālassa patiṭṭhitokāso samūlaṃ uddharite tāle padesamatte ṭhite tālassa vatthubhūtapubbattā ‘‘tālavatthū’’ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Nesa</span>nti rūparasādīnaṃ. Kathaṃ pana tālavatthu viya nesaṃ vatthu katanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yathā hī’’</span>tiādi. Rūpādiparibhogena uppannataṇhāyuttasomanassavedanāsaṅkhātarūparasādīnaṃ cittasantānassa adhiṭṭhānabhāvato vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tesaṃ pubbe uppannapubbabhāvena vatthumatte cittasantāne kate’’</span>ti. Tattha <span class="bld">pubbe</span>ti pure, sarāgakāleti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Tālāvatthukatāti vuccantī</span>ti tālavatthu viya attano vatthussa katattā rūparasādayo ‘‘tālāvatthukatā’’ti vuccanti. Etena pahīnakilesānaṃ puna uppattiyā abhāvo dassito.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aviruḷhidhammattā</span>ti <a name="M1.0341"></a><a name="V1.0299"></a> aviruḷhisabhāvatāya. Matthakacchinno tālo pattaphalādīnaṃ avatthubhūto tālāvatthūti āha <span class="bld">‘‘matthakacchinnatālo viya katā’’</span>ti. Etena ‘‘tālāvatthu viya katāti tālāvatthukatā’’ti ayaṃ viggaho dassito. Ettha pana avatthubhūto tālo viya katāti avatthutālākatāti vattabbe visesanassa padassa paranipātaṃ katvā ‘‘tālāvatthukatā’’ti vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Iminā panatthena idaṃ dasseti – rūparasādivacanena vipākadhammadhammā hutvā pubbe uppannā kusalākusaladhammā gahitā, te uppannāpi matthakasadisānaṃ taṇhāvijjānaṃ maggasatthena chinnattā āyatiṃ tālapattasadise vipākakkhandhe nibbattetuṃ asamatthā jātā, tasmā tālāvatthu viya katāti tālāvatthukatā rūparasādayoti. Imasmiñhi atthe ‘‘abhinandantāna’’nti iminā padena kusalasomanassampi saṅgahitanti vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anabhāvaṃkatā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">anu</span>-saddo pacchā-saddena samānatthoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yathā nesaṃ pacchābhāvo na hotī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Anuabhāvaṃ gatā</span>ti pacchā anuppattidhammatāvasena abhāvaṃ gatā vināsamupagatā, pahīnāti attho. ‘‘Imā anacchariyā gāthāyo paṭibhaṃsū’’ti (mahāva. 7, 8) ettha anacchariyasaddaṃ udāharaṇavasena dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘yathā anuacchariyā anacchariyā’’</span>ti. Tattha <span class="bld">anuacchariyā</span>ti savanakāle uparūpari vimhayakarāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yañca kho tvaṃ vadesi, so pariyāyo na hotī</span>ti yaṃ vandanādisāmaggirasābhāvasaṅkhātaṃ kāraṇaṃ arasarūpatāya vadesi, taṃ kāraṇaṃ na hoti, na vijjatīti attho. Nanu ca brāhmaṇo yaṃ vandanādisāmaggirasābhāvasaṅkhātaṃ pariyāyaṃ sandhāya ‘‘arasarūpo bhavaṃ gotamo’’ti āha, so pariyāyo natthīti vutte vandanādīni bhagavā karotīti āpajjatīti imaṃ aniṭṭhappasaṅgaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘kasmā pana bhagavā evamāhā’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para4"></a><span class="paranum">4</span>. <span class="bld">Sabbapariyāyesū</span>ti sabbavāresu. <span class="bld">Sandhāya bhāsitamatta</span>nti yaṃ sandhāya brāhmaṇo ‘‘nibbhogo bhavaṃ gotamo’’tiādimāha, bhagavā ca yaṃ sandhāya nibbhogatādiṃ attani anujānāti, taṃ sandhāya bhāsitamattaṃ<a name="M1.0342"></a>. <span class="bld">Chandarāgaparibhogo</span>ti chandarāgavasena paribhogo. <span class="bld">Aparaṃ pariyāya</span>nti aññaṃ kāraṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para5"></a><span class="paranum">5</span>. <span class="bld">Kulasamudācārakamma</span>nti kulācārasaṅkhātaṃ kammaṃ, kulacārittanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Akiriya</span>nti akaraṇabhāvaṃ. Duṭṭhu caritaṃ duccaritaṃ, kāyadvāre bāhullavuttito kāyato pavattaṃ duccaritanti <span class="bld">kāyaduccaritaṃ</span>. Taṃ sarūpato dassento <span class="bld">‘‘tattha cā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Pāṇātipātaadinnādānamicchācāracetanā</span> <a name="V1.0300"></a> <span class="bld">veditabbā</span>ti ettha (itivu. aṭṭha. 74) <span class="bld">pāṇo</span>ti paramatthato jīvitindriyaṃ, vohārato satto. Jīvitindriyañcettha rūpārūpavasena veditabbaṃ. Rūpajīvitindriye hi vikopite itarampi taṃsambandhatāya vinassati. <span class="bld">Satto</span>ti ca khandhasantāno gahetabbo. Tattha hi sattapaññatti. Saraseneva patanasabhāvassa antarā eva atīva pātanaṃ atipāto, saṇikaṃ patituṃ adatvā sīghaṃ pātananti attho. Atikkamma vā satthādīhi abhibhavitvā pātanaṃ atipāto, pāṇassa atipāto <span class="bld">pāṇātipāto,</span> pāṇavadho pāṇaghātoti vuttaṃ hoti. Atthato pana pāṇe pāṇasaññino parassa jīvitindriyupacchedakapayogasamuṭṭhāpikā kāyavacīdvārānamaññatarappavattā vadhakacetanā. Yāya hi cetanāya vattamānassa jīvitindriyassa nissayabhūtesu mahābhūtesu upakkamakaraṇahetukamahābhūtapaccayā uppajjanakamahābhūtā nuppajjissanti, sā tādisappayogasamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā pāṇātipāto. Laddhupakkamāni hi bhūtāni itarabhūtāni viya na visadānīti samānajātiyānaṃ kāraṇāni na honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāha – khaṇe khaṇe nirujjhanasabhāvesu saṅkhāresu ko hantā, ko vā haññati, yadi cittacetasikasantāno, so arūpatāya na chedanabhedanādivasena vikopanasamattho, napi vikopanīyo. Atha rūpasantāno, so acetanatāya kaṭṭhakaliṅgarūpamoti na tattha chedanādinā pāṇātipāto labbhati yathā matasarīre. Payogopi pāṇātipātassa paharaṇappahārādi atītesu vā saṅkhāresu bhaveyya anāgatesu vā paccuppannesu vā, tattha na tāva atītānāgatesu sambhavati tesaṃ abhāvato, paccuppannesu ca saṅkhārānaṃ khaṇikattā saraseneva <a name="M1.0343"></a> nirujjhanasabhāvatāya vināsābhimukhesu nippayojano payogo siyā, vināsassa ca kāraṇarahitattā na paharaṇappahārādippayogahetukaṃ maraṇaṃ, nirīhakatāya ca saṅkhārānaṃ kassa so payogo, khaṇikattā vadhādhippāyasamakālabhijjanato kassa kiriyā, pariyosānakālānavaṭṭhānato kassa vā pāṇātipātakammabaddhoti?</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vuccate – yathāvuttavadhakacetanāsahito saṅkhārānaṃ puñjo sattasaṅkhāto hantā. Tena pavattitavadhappayoganimittaṃ apagatusmāviññāṇajīvitindriyo matavohārappavattinibandhano yathāvuttavadhappayogakaraṇe uppajjanāraho rūpārūpadhammasamūho haññati, kevalo vā cittacetasikasantāno. Vadhappayogāvisayabhāvepi tassa pañcavokārabhave rūpasantānādhīnavuttitāya rūpasantāne parena payojitajīvitindriyupacchedakapayogavasena tannibbattivinibandhakavisadisarūpuppattiyā vihate vicchedo hotīti na pāṇātipātassa asambhavo, napi ahetuko pāṇātipāto, na ca payogo nippayojano. Paccuppannesu saṅkhāresu katapayogavasena tadanantaraṃ uppajjanārahassa saṅkhārakalāpassa <a name="V1.0301"></a> tathā anuppattito khaṇikānaṃ saṅkhārānaṃ khaṇikamaraṇassa idha maraṇabhāvena anadhippetattā santatimaraṇassa ca yathāvuttanayena sahetukabhāvato na ahetukaṃ maraṇaṃ, na ca katturahito pāṇātipātapayogo nirīhakesupi saṅkhāresu sannihitatāmattena upakārakesu attano attano anurūpaphaluppādaniyatesu kāraṇesu kattuvohārasiddhito yathā ‘‘padīpo pakāseti, nisākarova candimā’’ti. Na ca kevalassa vadhādhippāyasahabhuno cittacetasikakalāpassa pāṇātipāto icchitabbo santānavasena avaṭṭhitasseva paṭijānanato. Santānavasena vattamānānañca padīpādīnaṃ atthakiriyā dissatīti attheva pāṇātipātena kammabaddho. Ayañca vicāro adinnādānādīsupi yathāsambhavaṃ vibhāvetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.89; dha. sa. aṭṭha. akusalakammapathakathā) ca pāṇātipāto guṇavirahitesu tiracchānagatādīsu pāṇesu khuddake pāṇe appasāvajjo, mahante mahāsāvajjo. Kasmā? Payogamahantatāya, payogasamattepi vatthumahantatāya. Guṇavantesu manussādīsu <a name="M1.0344"></a> appaguṇe pāṇe appasāvajjo, mahāguṇe mahāsāvajjo. Sarīraguṇānaṃ pana samabhāve satipi kilesānaṃ upakkamānañca mudutāya appasāvajjo, tibbatāya mahāsāvajjoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kāyavācāhi na dinnanti adinnaṃ, parasantakaṃ, tassa ādānaṃ <span class="bld">adinnādānaṃ</span>. Parassaharaṇaṃ theyyaṃ, corikāti vuttaṃ hoti. Atthato pana parapariggahe parapariggahitasaññino tadādāyakaupakkamasamuṭṭhāpikā kāyavacīdvārānamaññataradvārappavattā theyyacetanā. Taṃ hīne parasantake appasāvajjaṃ, paṇīte mahāsāvajjaṃ. Kasmā? Vatthupaṇītatāya. Vatthusamatte sati guṇādhikānaṃ santake vatthusmiṃ mahāsāvajjaṃ, taṃtaṃguṇādhikaṃ upādāya tato tato hīnaguṇassa santake vatthusmiṃ appasāvajjaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Micchā caraṇaṃ <span class="bld">micchācāro,</span> methunasamācāresu ekantanindito lāmakācāro. So pana lakkhaṇato asaddhammādhippāyena kāyadvārappavattā agamanīyaṭṭhānavītikkamacetanā. So panesa micchācāro sīlādiguṇavirahite agamanīyaṭṭhāne appasāvajjo, sīlādiguṇasampanne mahāsāvajjo. Tassa cattāro sambhārā – agamanīyavatthu, tasmiṃ sevanacittaṃ, sevanapayogo, maggenamaggappaṭipattiadhivāsananti. Eko payogo sāhatthiko eva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vacīdvāre bāhullavuttito vācato pavattaṃ duccaritanti <span class="bld">vacīduccaritaṃ</span>. Taṃ sarūpato dassento <a name="V1.0302"></a> āha <span class="bld">‘‘musāvādapisuṇavācāpharusavācāsamphappalāpacetanā veditabbā’’</span>ti. Tattha <span class="bld">musā</span>ti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ vatthu. Musā vadīyati vuccati etāyāti <span class="bld">musāvādo,</span> atathaṃ vatthuṃ tathato paraṃ viññāpetukāmassa tathāviññattisamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā. So yamatthaṃ bhañjati, tassa appatāya appasāvajjo, mahantatāya mahāsāvajjo. Apica gahaṭṭhānaṃ attano santakaṃ adātukāmatāya natthīti ādinayappavatto appasāvajjo, sakkhinā hutvā atthabhañjanatthaṃ vutto mahāsāvajjo. Pabbajitānaṃ appakampi telaṃ vā sappiṃ vā labhitvā hasādhippāyena ‘‘ajja gāme telaṃ nadī maññe sandatī’’ti pūraṇakathānayena pavatto appasāvajjo, adiṭṭhaṃyeva pana diṭṭhantiādinā nayena vadantānaṃ mahāsāvajjo. Tassa cattāro sambhārā honti – atathaṃ vatthu, visaṃvādanacittaṃ, tajjo vāyāmo, parassa tadatthaviññāpananti. Eko payogo sāhatthikova. So kāyena vā kāyapaṭibaddhena vā vācāya vā paravisaṃvādakakiriyākaraṇe <a name="M1.0345"></a> daṭṭhabbo. Tāya ce kiriyāya paro tamatthaṃ jānāti, ayaṃ kiriyāsamuṭṭhāpikacetanākkhaṇeyeva musāvādakammunā bajjhati. Yasmā pana yathā kāyakāyapaṭibaddhavācāhi paraṃ visaṃvādeti, tathā ‘‘idamassa bhaṇāhī’’ti āṇāpentopi, paṇṇaṃ likhitvā purato nissajjantopi, ‘‘ayaṃ attho evaṃ veditabbo’’ti kuṭṭādīsu likhitvā ṭhapentopi, tasmā ettha āṇattikanissaggiyathāvarāpi payogā yujjanti. Aṭṭhakathāsu pana anāgatattā vīmaṃsitvā gahetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pisatīti <span class="bld">pisuṇā,</span> samagge satte avayavabhūte vagge bhinne karotīti attho. Niruttinayena vā piyasuññakaraṇato <span class="bld">pisuṇā</span>. Yāya hi vācāya yassa taṃ vācaṃ bhāsati, tassa hadaye attano piyabhāvaṃ, parassa ca piyasuññabhāvaṃ karoti, sā <span class="bld">pisuṇavācā</span>. Lakkhaṇato pana saṃkiliṭṭhacittassa paresaṃ vā bhedāya attano piyakamyatāya vā kāyavacīpayogasamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā pisuṇavācā pisuṇaṃ vadati etāyāti katvā. Sā yassa bhedaṃ karoti, tassa appaguṇatāya appasāvajjā, mahāguṇatāya mahāsāvajjā. Tassā cattāro sambhārā – bhinditabbo paro, ‘‘iti ime nānā bhavissanti vinā bhavissantī’’ti bhedapurekkhāratā vā ‘‘iti ahaṃ piyo bhavissāmi vissāsiko’’ti piyakamyatā vā, tajjo vāyāmo, tassa tadatthavijānananti. Pare pana abhinne kammapathabhedo natthi, bhinne eva hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pharusayatīti <span class="bld">pharusā,</span> vācā. Yāya hi vācāya attānampi parampi pharusaṃ sinehābhāvena lūkhaṃ karoti, sā <span class="bld">pharusavācā</span>. Atha vā sayampi pharusā domanassasamuṭṭhitattā sabhāvenapi kakkasā neva kaṇṇasukhā na hadayasukhāti <span class="bld">pharusavācā</span>. Ettha pana paresaṃ mammacchedanavasena pavattiyā ekantaniṭṭhuratāya sabhāvena kāraṇavohārena ca vācāya pharusasaddappavatti <a name="V1.0303"></a> daṭṭhabbā. Taṃ pharusaṃ vadati etāyāti pharusavācā, parassa mammacchedakakāyavacīpayogasamuṭṭhāpikā ekantapharusā cetanā. Tassā āvibhāvatthamidaṃ vatthu – eko kira dārako mātu vacanaṃ anādiyitvā araññaṃ gacchati, taṃ mātā nivattetuṃ asakkontī ‘‘caṇḍā taṃ mahiṃsī anubandhatū’’ti akkosi. Athassa tatheva araññe mahiṃsī uṭṭhāsi. Dārako ‘‘yaṃ mama mātā mukhena kathesi, taṃ mā hotu. Yaṃ cittena cintesi, taṃ hotū’’ti saccakiriyamakāsi. Mahiṃsī tattheva baddhā viya aṭṭhāsi<a name="M1.0346"></a>. Evaṃ mammacchedakopi payogo cittasaṇhatāya pharusavācā na hoti. Mātāpitaro hi kadāci puttake evampi vadanti ‘‘corā vo khaṇḍākhaṇḍikaṃ karontū’’ti, uppalapattampi ca nesaṃ upari patantaṃ na icchanti. Ācariyupajjhāyā ca kadāci nissitake evaṃ vadanti ‘‘kiṃ ime ahirikā anottappino caranti, niddhamatha ne’’ti. Atha ca nesaṃ āgamādhigamasampattiṃ icchanti, yathā cittasaṇhatāya pharusavācā na hoti, evaṃ vacanasaṇhatāya apharusavācāpi na hoti. Na hi mārāpetukāmassa ‘‘imaṃ sukhaṃ sayāpethā’’ti vacanaṃ apharusavācā hoti, cittapharusatāya pana esā pharusavācāva. Sā yaṃ sandhāya pavattitā, tassa appaguṇatāya appasāvajjā, mahāguṇatāya mahāsāvajjā. Tassā tayo sambhārā – akkositabbo paro, kupitacittaṃ, akkosanāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Saṃ sukhaṃ hitañca phalati visarati vināsetīti samphaṃ, attano paresañca anupakārakaṃ yaṃ kiñci, samphaṃ palapati etāyāti <span class="bld">samphappalāpo,</span> anatthaviññāpikakāyavacīpayogasamauṭṭhāpikā akusalacetanā. So āsevanamandatāya appasāvajjo, āsevanamahantatāya mahāsāvajjo. Tassa dve sambhārā – bhāratayuddhasītāharaṇādiniratthakakathāpurekkhāratā, tathārūpīkathākathanañca. Pare pana taṃ kathaṃ agaṇhante kammapathabhedo natthi, parena pana samphappalāpe gahiteyeva hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Abhijjhābyāpādamicchādiṭṭhiyo</span>ti ettha parasampattiṃ abhimukhaṃ jhāyatīti <span class="bld">abhijjhā,</span> parasampattīsu lobho. Sā pana ‘‘aho vata idaṃ mamassā’’ti evaṃ parabhaṇḍābhijjhāyanalakkhaṇā. Adinnādānaṃ viya appasāvajjā mahāsāvajjā ca. Tassā dve sambhārā – parabhaṇḍaṃ, attano pariṇāmanañca. Parabhaṇḍavatthuke hi lobhe uppannepi na tāva kammapathabhedo hoti, yāva ‘‘aho vata idaṃ mamassā’’ti attano na pariṇāmeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Hitasukhaṃ byāpādeti vināsetīti <span class="bld">byāpādo,</span> paṭigho. So paravināsāya manopadosalakkhaṇo<a name="V1.0304"></a>. So pharusavācā viya appasāvajjo mahāsāvajjo ca. Tassa dve sambhārā – parasatto, tassa ca vināsanacintā. Parasattavatthuke hi kodhe uppannepi na tāva kammapathabhedo hoti, yāva ‘‘aho vatāyaṃ ucchijjeyya vinasseyyā’’ti tassa vināsanaṃ na cinteti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathābhuccagahaṇābhāvena <a name="M1.0347"></a> micchā passatīti <span class="bld">micchādiṭṭhi</span>. Sā ‘‘natthi dinna’’ntiādinā nayena viparītadassanalakkhaṇā. Samphappalāpo viya appasāvajjā mahāsāvajjā ca. Apica aniyatā appasāvajjā, niyatā mahāsāvajjā. Tassa dve sambhārā – vatthuno gahitākāraviparītatā, yathā ca taṃ gaṇhāti, tathābhāvena tassupaṭṭhānanti. Tattha natthikāhetukaaariyadiṭṭhīhi eva kammapathabhedo hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Anekavihitānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammāna’’nti sāmaññavacanepi pārisesañāyato vuttāvasesā akusalā dhammā gahetabbāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ṭhapetvā te dhamme’’</span>tiādi. Te yathāvuttakāyaduccaritādike akusaladhamme ṭhapetvāti attho. <span class="bld">Anekavihitā</span>ti anekappakārā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para6"></a><span class="paranum">6</span>. <span class="bld">Ayaṃ lokatantī</span>ti ayaṃ vuḍḍhānaṃ abhivādanādikiriyālakkhaṇā lokappaveṇī. Anāgāmibrahmānaṃ alaṅkārādīsu anāgāmibhikkhūnañca cīvarādīsu nikantivasena rāguppatti hotīti anāgāmimaggena pañcakāmaguṇikarāgasseva pahānaṃ veditabbanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘pañcakāmaguṇikarāgassā’’</span>ti. Rūpādīsu pañcasu kāmaguṇesu vatthukāmakoṭṭhāsesu uppajjamāno rāgo ‘‘pañcakāmaguṇikarāgo’’ti veditabbo. Koṭṭhāsavacano hettha guṇasaddo ‘‘vayoguṇā anupubbaṃ jahantī’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.4) viya. <span class="bld">Dvīsu akusalacittesū</span>ti domanassasahagatesu dvīsu akusalacittesu. Mohassa sabbākusalasādhāraṇattā āha <span class="bld">‘‘sabbākusalasambhavassā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Avasesāna</span>nti sakkāyadiṭṭhiādīnaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para7"></a><span class="paranum">7</span>. <span class="bld">Jigucchati maññe</span>ti ‘‘ahamabhijāto rūpavā paññavā, kathaṃ nāma aññesaṃ abhivādanādiṃ kareyya’’nti jigucchati viya jigucchatīti vā sallakkhemi. <span class="bld">Akosallasambhūtaṭṭhenā</span>ti aññāṇasambhūtaṭṭhena. Akusale dhamme jigucchamāno tesaṃ samaṅgībhāvampi jigucchatīti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Samāpattī</span>ti etasseva vevacanaṃ <span class="bld">samāpajjanā samaṅgibhāvo</span>ti. <span class="bld">Maṇḍanakajātiyo</span>ti maṇḍanasabhāvo, maṇḍanasīloti attho. <span class="bld">Jegucchita</span>nti jigucchanasīlataṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para8"></a><span class="paranum">8</span>. <span class="bld">Lokajeṭṭhakakamma</span>nti <a name="V1.0305"></a> loke jeṭṭhakānaṃ kattabbakammaṃ, loke vā seṭṭhasammataṃ kammaṃ. <span class="bld">Tatrā</span>ti yathāvuttesu dvīsupi atthavikappesu. Padābhihito <a name="M1.0348"></a> attho <span class="bld">padattho,</span> byañjanatthoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Vinayaṃ vā arahatī</span>ti ettha vinayanaṃ vinayo, niggaṇhananti attho. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘niggahaṃ arahatīti vuttaṃ hotī’’</span>ti. Nanu ca paṭhamaṃ vuttesu dvīsupi atthavikappesu sakatthe arahatthe ca bhaddhitapaccayo saddalakkhaṇato dissati, na pana ‘‘vinayāya dhammaṃ desetī’’ti imasmiṃ atthe, tasmā kathamettha taddhitapaccayoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘vicitrā hi taddhitavuttī’’</span>ti. Vicitratā cettha lokappamāṇato veditabbā. Tathā hi yasmiṃ yasmiṃ atthe taddhitappayogo lokassa, tattha tattha taddhitavutti lokato siddhāti vicitrā taddhitavutti. Tasmā yathā ‘‘mā saddamakāsī’’ti vadanto ‘‘māsaddiko’’ti vuccati, evaṃ vinayāya dhammaṃ desetīti venayikoti vuccatīti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para9"></a><span class="paranum">9</span>. <span class="bld">Kapaṇapuriso</span>ti guṇavirahitatāya dīnamanusso. <span class="bld">Byañjanāni avicāretvā</span>ti tissadattādisaddesu viya ‘‘imasmiṃ atthe ayaṃ nāma paccayo’’ti evaṃ byañjanaṃ vicāraṃ akatvā, anipphannapāṭipadikavasenāti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para10"></a><span class="paranum">10</span>. <span class="bld">Devalokagabbhasampattiyā</span>ti vatvā ṭhapetvā bhummadeve sesesu devesu gabbhaggahaṇassa abhāvato paṭisandhiyevettha gabbhasampattīti veditabbāti vuttamevatthaṃ vivaritvā dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘devalokapaṭisandhipaṭilābhāya saṃvattatī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti abhivādanādisāmīcikammassa. <span class="bld">Mātukucchismiṃ paṭisandhiggahaṇe dosaṃ dassento</span>ti mātito aparisuddhabhāvaṃ dassento, akkositukāmassa dāsiyā puttoti dāsikucchismiṃ nibbattabhāve dosaṃ dassetvā akkosanaṃ viya bhagavato mātukucchismiṃ paṭisandhiggahaṇe dosaṃ dassetvā akkosantopi evamāhāti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Gabbhato</span>ti devalokapaṭisandhito. Tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘abhabbo devalokūpapattiṃ pāpuṇitunti adhippāyo’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Hīno vā gabbho assāti apagabbho</span>ti imassa viggahassa ekena pariyāyena adhippāyaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘devalokagabbhaparibāhirattā āyatiṃ hīnagabbhapaṭilābhabhāgītī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Iti-saddā</span> <a name="M1.0349"></a>e hetuattho, yasmā āyatimpi hīnagabbhapaṭilābhabhāgī, tasmā hīno vā gabbho assāti apagabbhoti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Puna tasseva viggahassa <span class="bld">kodhavasena…pe… dassento</span>ti heṭṭhā vuttanayassa anurūpaṃ katvā adhippāyaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘hīno vāssa mātukucchismiṃ gabbhavāso ahosīti adhippāyo’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Gabbha</span>-saddo atthi mātukucchipariyāyo ‘‘gabbhe vasati māṇavo’’tiādīsu (jā. 1.15.363) viya<a name="V1.0306"></a>. Atthi mātukucchismiṃ nibbattasattapariyāyo ‘‘antamaso gabbhapātanaṃ upādāyā’’tiādīsu (mahāva. 129) viya. Tattha mātukucchipariyāyaṃ gahetvā atthaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘anāgate gabbhaseyyā’’</span>ti. Gabbhe seyyā <span class="bld">gabbhaseyyā. Anuttarena maggenā</span>ti aggamaggena. Kammakilesānaṃ maggena vihatattā āha <span class="bld">‘‘vihatakāraṇattā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Itarā tissopī</span>ti aṇḍajasaṃsedajaopapātikā. Ettha ca yadipi ‘‘apagabbho’’ti imassa anurūpato gabbhaseyyā eva vattabbā, pasaṅgato pana labbhamānaṃ sabbampi vattuṃ vaṭṭatīti punabbhavābhinibbattipi vuttāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni sattapariyāyassa gabbhasaddassa vasena viggahanānattaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘apicā’’</span>tiādi. Imasmiṃ pana vikappe <span class="bld">gabbhaseyyā punabbhavābhinibbattī</span>ti ubhayampi gabbhaseyyavaseneva vuttantipi vadanti. Nanu ca ‘‘āyatiṃ gabbhaseyyā pahīnā’’ti (pārā. 10) vuttattā gabbhassa seyyā eva pahīnā, na pana gabbhoti āpajjatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yathā cā’’</span>tiādi. Atha ‘‘abhinibbattī’’ti ettakameva avatvā punabbhavaggahaṇaṃ kimatthanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘abhinibbatti ca nāmā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Apunabbhavabhūtā</span>ti khaṇe khaṇe uppajjamānānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhinibbatti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para11"></a><span class="paranum">11</span>. <span class="bld">Dhammadhātu</span>nti ettha dhamme anavasese dhāreti yāthāvato upadhāretīti dhammadhātu, dhammānaṃ yathāsabhāvato avabujjhanasabhāvo, sabbaññutaññāṇassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Paṭivijjhitvā</span>ti sacchikatvā, paṭilabhitvāti attho, paṭilābhahetūti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Desanāvilāsappatto hotī</span>ti rucivasena parivattetvā desetuṃ samatthatā desanāvilāso, taṃ patto adhigatoti attho. <span class="bld">Karuṇāvipphāra</span>nti sabbasattesu mahākaruṇāya pharaṇaṃ. Tādiguṇalakkhaṇameva puna upamāya vibhāvetvā <a name="M1.0350"></a> dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘pathavīsamacittata’’</span>nti. Yathā pathavī suciasucinikkhepachedanabhedanādīsu na vikampati, anurodhavirodhaṃ na pāpuṇāti, evaṃ iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu lābhālābhādīsu anurodhavirodhappahānato avikampitacittatāya pathavīsamacittatanti attho. <span class="bld">Akuppadhammata</span>nti ettha ‘‘akuppadhammo nāma phalasamāpattī’’ti tīsupi <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ. ‘‘Paresu pana akkosantesupi attano pathavīsamacittatālakkhaṇaṃ akujjhanasabhāvatanti evamettha attho gahetabbo’’ti amhākaṃ khanti. <span class="bld">Jarāya anusaṭa</span>nti jarāya paliveṭhitaṃ. <span class="bld">Vaṭṭakhāṇubhūta</span>nti anekesaṃ anayabyasanānaṃ nipātalakkhaṇatthambhabhūtatāya saṃsārakhāṇubhūtaṃ. Brāhmaṇassa vuḍḍhatāya āsannavuttimaraṇanti sambhāvanavasena <span class="bld">‘‘ajja maritvā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Mahantena kho pana ussāhenā</span>ti ‘‘sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotī’’ti evaṃ sañjātamahussāhena. <span class="bld">Appaṭisamaṃ purejātabhāva</span>nti <a name="V1.0307"></a> anaññasādhāraṇaṃ purejātabhāvaṃ. Natthi etassa paṭisamoti <span class="bld">appaṭisamo,</span> purejātabhāvo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Apī’’ti avatvā ‘‘pī’’ti vadanto pi-saddopi visuṃ atthi nipātoti dasseti. <span class="bld">Sambhāvanatthe</span>ti ‘‘api nāmevaṃ siyā’’ti vikappanattho sambhāvanattho, tasmiṃ jotakatāya pisaddo vattati. <span class="bld">Vacanasiliṭṭhatāyā</span>ti vacanassa madhurabhāvatthaṃ, mudubhāvatthanti attho. <span class="bld">Evañhi loke siliṭṭhavacanaṃ hotī</span>ti evaṃ ekameva gaṇanaṃ avatvā aparāya gaṇanāya saddhiṃ vacanaṃ loke siliṭṭhavacanaṃ hoti yathā ‘‘dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitānī’’ti. <span class="bld">Sammā adhisayitānī</span>ti pādādīhi attanā nesaṃ kiñci upaghātaṃ akarontiyā bahivātādiparissayaparihāratthaṃ sammadeva upari sayitāni. Upariattho hettha <span class="bld">adhi</span>-saddo. <span class="bld">Utuṃ gaṇhāpentiyā</span>ti tesaṃ allasinehapariyādānatthaṃ attano kāyusmāvasena utuṃ gaṇhāpentiyā. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘usmīkatānī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Sammā paribhāvitānī</span>ti sammadeva sabbaso kukkuṭavāsanāya vāsitāni. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘kukkuṭagandhaṃ gāhāpitānī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca sammā parisedanaṃ kukkuṭagandhaparibhāvanañca sammā adhisayananipphattiyā ānubhāvanipphāditanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sammā adhisayaneneva hi itaradvayaṃ ijjhati<a name="M1.0351"></a>. Na hi sammā adhisayanato visuṃ sammā parisedanassa sammā paribhāvanassa ca karaṇaṃ atthi, tena pana saddhiṃyeva itaresaṃ dvinnampi ijjhanato vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ tīhi pakārehi tāni aṇḍāni paripāliyamānānī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Nakhasikhā</span>ti nakhaggāni. <span class="bld">Mukhatuṇḍaka</span>nti mukhaggaṃ. <span class="bld">Kapālassa tanukattā</span>ti ettha yathā kapālassa tanutā ālokassa anto paññāyamānassa kāraṇaṃ, tathā kapālassa tanutāya nakhasikhāmukhatuṇḍakānaṃ kharatāya ca allasinehapariyādānaṃ kāraṇavacananti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Saṅkuṭitahatthapādā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">hatthā</span>ti pakkhā. Na hi kukkuṭānaṃ pakkhato añño hattho nāma atthi. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti ālokaṭṭhāne. <span class="bld">Pakkhe vidhunantā</span>ti pakkhe cālentā. <span class="bld">Nikkhamantāna</span>nti niddhāraṇe sāmivacanaṃ, nikkhamantesūti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">So jeṭṭho iti assa vacanīyo</span>ti yo paṭhamataraṃ aṇḍakosato nikkhanto kukkuṭapotako, soyeva jeṭṭhoti vacanīyo assa, bhaveyyāti attho. <span class="bld">Sampaṭipādento</span>ti saṃsandento. Tibhūmakapariyāpannāpi sattā avijjākosassa anto paviṭṭhā tattha tattha appahīnāya avijjāya veṭhitattāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘avijjākosassa anto paviṭṭhesu sattesū’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Aṇḍakosa</span>nti bījakapālaṃ. <span class="bld">Lokasannivāse</span>ti loko eva lokasannivāso. <span class="bld">Sammāsambodhi</span>nti ettha <a name="V1.0308"></a> <span class="bld">sammā</span>ti aviparītattho, <span class="bld">saṃ</span>-saddo sāmanti imamatthaṃ dīpeti, tasmā sammā aviparītenākārena sayameva cattāri saccāni bujjhati paṭivijjhatīti sammāsambodhīti maggo vuccati. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘sammā sāmañca bodhi’’</span>nti, sammā sayameva ca bujjhanakanti attho. <span class="bld">Sammā</span>ti vā pasatthavacano, <span class="bld">saṃ</span>-saddo sundaravacanoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘atha vā pasatthaṃ sundarañca bodhi’’</span>nti. Bodhisaddassa anekatthataṃ dassetvā idhādhippetamatthaṃ niddhāretvā dassetukāmo āha <span class="bld">‘‘bodhīti rukkhopi maggopī’’</span>tiādi. Tattha abujjhi etthāti <span class="bld">rukkho</span> bodhi. Sayaṃ bujjhati, bujjhanti vā tena ariyāti <span class="bld">maggo</span> bodhi. Sabbadhamme sabbākārato bujjhati paṭivijjhatīti <span class="bld">sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ</span> bodhi. Bujjhīyati sacchikarīyatīti <span class="bld">nibbānaṃ</span> bodhi. <span class="bld">Antarā ca bodhi</span>nti dutiyamudāharaṇaṃ vināpi rukkhasaddena bodhisaddassa rukkhe pavattidassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Varabhūrimedhaso</span>ti mahāpathavī viya patthaṭavarapaññoti attho. <span class="bld">Asabbaguṇadāyakattā</span>ti sabbaguṇānaṃ adāyakattā. Sabbaguṇe na dadātīti hi <a name="M1.0352"></a> asabbaguṇadāyako, ayuttasamāsoyaṃ gamakattā yathā ‘‘asūriyaṃpassāni mukhānī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tisso vijjā</span>ti upanissayavato saheva arahattaphalena tisso vijjā deti. Nanu cettha tīsu vijjāsu āsavakkhayañāṇassa maggapariyāpannattā kathametaṃ yujjati ‘‘maggo tisso vijjā detī’’ti? Nāyaṃ doso. Satipi āsavakkhayañāṇassa maggapariyāpannabhāve aṭṭhaṅgike magge sati maggañāṇena saddhiṃ tisso vijjā paripuṇṇā hontīti ‘‘maggo tisso vijjā detī’’ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Cha abhiññā</span>ti etthāpi eseva nayo. <span class="bld">Sāvakapāramiñāṇa</span>nti aggasāvakehi paṭilabhitabbaṃ sabbameva lokiyalokuttarañāṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Paccekabodhiñāṇa</span>nti etthāpi imināva nayena attho veditabbo. <span class="bld">Abbhaññāsi</span>nti jāniṃ. Jānanañca na anussavādivasenāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘paṭivijjhi’’</span>nti, paccakkhamakāsinti attho. Paṭivedhopi na dūre ṭhitassa lakkhaṇappaṭivedho viyāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘pattomhī’’</span>ti, pāpuṇinti attho. Pāpuṇanañca na sayaṃ gantvāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘adhigatomhī’’</span>ti, sakasantāne uppādanavasena paṭilabhinti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Opammasampaṭipādana</span>nti opammatthassa upameyyena sammadeva paṭipādanaṃ. <span class="bld">Atthenā</span>ti upameyyatthena. Yathā kukkuṭiyā aṇḍesu tividhakiriyākaraṇaṃ kukkuṭacchāpakānaṃ aṇḍakosato nikkhamanassa mūlakāraṇaṃ, evaṃ bodhisattabhūtassa bhagavato tividhānupassanākaraṇaṃ avijjaṇḍakosato nikkhamanassa mūlakāraṇanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yathā hi tassā kukkuṭiyā…pe… tividhānupassanākaraṇa’’</span>nti. ‘‘Santāne’’ti vuttattā aṇḍasadisatā santānassa bahi nikkhantakukkuṭacchāpakasadisatā buddhaguṇānaṃ, buddhaguṇāti ca atthato buddhoyeva ‘‘tathāgatassa kho <a name="V1.0309"></a> etaṃ, vāseṭṭha, adhivacanaṃ dhammakāyo itipī’’ti vacanato. <span class="bld">Avijjaṇḍakosassa tanubhāvo</span>ti balavavipassanāvasena avijjaṇḍakosassa tanubhāvo, paṭicchādanasāmaññena ca avijjāya aṇḍakosasadisatā. Mudubhūtassapi kharabhāvāpatti hotīti tannivattanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘thaddhakharabhāvo’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Tikkhakharavippasannasūrabhāvo</span>ti ettha pariggayhamānesu saṅkhāresu vipassanāñāṇassa samādhindriyavasena sukhānuppaveso <span class="bld">tikkhatā,</span> anupavisitvāpi satindriyavasena anatikkamanato akuṇṭhatā <span class="bld">kharabhāvo</span>. Tikkhopi hi ekacco saro lakkhaṃ patvā kuṇṭho hoti, na tathā idaṃ. Satipi kharabhāve sukhumappavattivasena <a name="M1.0353"></a> kilesasamudācārasaṅkhobharahitatāya saddhindriyavasena <span class="bld">pasannabhāvo,</span> satipi ca pasannabhāve antarā anosakkitvā kilesapaccatthikānaṃ suṭṭhu abhibhavanato vīriyindriyavasena <span class="bld">sūrabhāvo</span> veditabbo. Evamimehi pakārehi saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇameva gahitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Vipassanāñāṇassa pariṇāmakālo</span>ti vipassanāya vuṭṭhānagāminibhāvappatti, tadā ca sā maggañāṇagabbhaṃ dhārentī viya hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘gabbhaggahaṇakālo’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Gabbhaṃ gaṇhāpetvā</span>ti saṅkhārupekkhāya anantaraṃ sikhāppattaanulomavipassanāvasena maggavijāyanatthaṃ gabbhaṃ gaṇhāpetvā. <span class="bld">Anupubbādhigatenā</span>ti paṭhamamaggapaṭipāṭiyā adhigatena. <span class="bld">Abhiññāpakkhe</span>ti lokiyābhiññāpakkhe. Lokuttarābhiññā hi avijjaṇḍakosaṃ padālitā. Potthakesu pana katthaci ‘‘chaabhiññāpakkhe’’ti likhanti, so apāṭhoti veditabbo. <span class="bld">Jeṭṭho seṭṭho</span>ti vuddhatamattā <span class="bld">jeṭṭho,</span> sabbaguṇehi uttamattā pasatthatamoti <span class="bld">seṭṭho</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni ‘‘āraddhaṃ kho pana me brāhmaṇa vīriya’’ntiādikāya desanāya anusandhiṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ bhagavā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">pubbabhāgato pabhutī</span>ti bhāvanāya pubbabhāgiyavīriyārambhādito paṭṭhāya. <span class="bld">Cittamevamuppanna</span>nti evaṃ upari vakkhamānaparivitakkavasena cittamuppannanti attho. ‘‘Cittameva uppanna’’ntipi pāṭho, tattha cittameva uppannaṃ, na tāva bhagavati pasādoti attho. <span class="bld">Muṭṭhassatinā</span>ti vinaṭṭhassatinā, sativirahitenāti attho. <span class="bld">Sāraddhakāyenā</span>ti sadarathakāyena. <span class="bld">Bodhimaṇḍe</span>ti bodhisaṅkhātassa ñāṇassa maṇḍabhāvappatte ṭhāne. Bodhīti hi paññā vuccati, sā ettha maṇḍā pasannā jātāti so padeso ‘‘bodhimaṇḍo’’ti paññāto. <span class="bld">Caturaṅgasamannāgata</span>nti ‘‘kāmaṃ taco ca nhāru ca aṭṭhi ca avasissatu, sarīre upasussatu maṃsalohita’’nti (ma. ni. 2.184; saṃ. ni. 2.22; a. ni. 2.5; mahāni. 196) evaṃ vuttacaturaṅgasamannāgataṃ vīriyaṃ. Tattha tacoti ekaṃ aṅgaṃ nhāru ekaṃ aṅgaṃ aṭṭhi ekaṃ aṅgaṃ maṃsalohitaṃ ekaṃ aṅganti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Taco ekaṃ aṅga</span>nti ca tace nirapekkhabhāvo ekaṃ aṅganti gahetabbaṃ. Padhānaṃ anuyuñjantassa hi tace palujjamānepi taṃnimittaṃ avosānāpajjanaṃ tassa vīriyassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ ekaṃ kāraṇaṃ. Evaṃ sesesupi <a name="V1.0310"></a> attho veditabbo. <span class="bld">Paggahita</span>nti ārambhaṃ sithilaṃ <a name="M1.0354"></a> akatvā daḷhaparakkamasaṅkhātussāhanabhāvena gahitaṃ. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘asithilappavattitanti vuttaṃ hotī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Asallīna</span>nti asaṅkucitaṃ kosajjavasena saṅkocaṃ anāpannaṃ. <span class="bld">Upaṭṭhitā</span>ti ogāhanasaṅkhātena apilāpabhāvena ārammaṇaṃ upagantvā ṭhitā. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘ārammaṇābhimukhībhāvenā’’</span>ti. Sammosassa viddhaṃsanavasena pavattiyā na sammuṭṭhāti <span class="bld">asammuṭṭhā</span>. Kiñcāpi cittapassaddhivaseneva cittameva passaddhaṃ, kāyapassaddhivaseneva ca kāyo passaddho hoti, tathāpi yasmā kāyapassaddhi uppajjamānā cittapassaddhiyā saheva uppajjati, na vinā, tasmā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kāyacittapassaddhivasenā’’</span>ti. Kāyapassaddhiyā ubhayesampi kāyānaṃ passambhanāvahattā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘rūpakāyopi passaddhoyeva hotī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">So ca kho</span>ti so ca kho kāyo. <span class="bld">Vigatadaratho</span>ti vigatakilesadaratho. Nāmakāye hi vigatadarathe rūpakāyopi vūpasantadarathapariḷāho hoti. <span class="bld">Sammā āhita</span>nti nānārammaṇesu vidhāvanasaṅkhātaṃ vikkhepaṃ vicchinditvā ekasmiṃyeva ārammaṇe avikkhittabhāvāpādanena sammadeva āhitaṃ ṭhapitaṃ. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘suṭṭhu ṭhapita’’</span>ntiādi. Cittassa anekaggabhāvo vikkhepavasena cañcalatā, sā sati ekaggatāya na hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ekaggaṃ acalaṃ nipphandana’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Ettāvatā</span>ti ‘‘āraddhaṃ kho panā’’tiādinā vīriyasatipassaddhisamādhīnaṃ kiccasiddhidassanena.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca saddhāpaññānampi kiccasiddhi jhānassa pubbapaṭipadāya icchitabbāti? Saccaṃ icchitabbā, sā pana nānantarikabhāvena avuttasiddhāti na gahitā. Asati hi saddhāya vīriyārambhādīnaṃ asambhavoyeva, paññāpariggahe ca nesaṃ asati ñāyārambhādibhāvo na siyā, tathā asallīnāsammosatādayo vīriyādīnanti asallīnatādiggahaṇenevettha paññākiccasiddhi gahitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Jhānabhāvanāyaṃ vā samādhikiccaṃ adhikaṃ icchitabbanti dassetuṃ samādhipariyosānāva jhānassa pubbapaṭipadā kathitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Paṭhamajjhānakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni ‘‘vivicceva kāmehī’’tiādinayappavattāya pāḷiyā jhānavibhaṅge (vibha. 508) vuttampi atthaṃ aṭṭhakathānayeneva saṃvaṇṇetukāmo vibhaṅgapāḷiyaṃ vuttanayena avacane kāraṇaṃ <a name="V1.0311"></a> dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kiñcāpi tattha katame kāmā’’</span>tiādimāha<a name="M1.0355"></a>. Tattha patthanākārena pavatto dubbalo lobho chandanaṭṭhena <span class="bld">chando,</span> tato balavā rañjanaṭṭhena <span class="bld">rāgo,</span> tatopi balavataro bahalarāgo <span class="bld">chandarāgo</span>. Nimittānubyañjanāni saṅkappeti etenāti <span class="bld">saṅkappo,</span> tathāpavatto lobho. Tattha <span class="bld">nimittasaṅkappanā</span> nāma avayave samodhānetvā ‘‘itthī puriso’’tiādinā ekajjhaṃ katvā uparūpari kilesuppattiyā nimittassa kappanā. <span class="bld">Anubyañjanasaṅkappanā</span> pana ‘‘hatthā sobhanā, pādā sobhanā’’ti evaṃ anubyañjanavasena vibhajitvā kappanāti. Kilesānañhi anu anu byañjanato paribyañjanato paribyattivasena uppattiyā paccayabhāvato anubyañjanaṃ hatthapādādiavayavā vuccanti. Tato balavā rañjanaṭṭhena <span class="bld">rāgo,</span> saṅkappavaseneva pavatto tatopi balavataro <span class="bld">saṅkapparāgo</span>. Svāyaṃ pabhedo ekasseva lobhassa pavattiākāravasena avatthābhedavasena ca veditabbo yathā ‘‘vaccho dammo balībaddo’’ti. <span class="bld">Kāmā</span>ti kilesakāmā, kāmentīti kāmā, kāmenti etehīti vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Seyyathida</span>nti imassa taṃ katamaṃ, taṃ kathanti vā attho. <span class="bld">Viviccitvā</span>ti visuṃ hutvā. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘vinā hutvā apasakkitvā’’</span>ti, pajahanavasena apakkamitvāti attho. <span class="bld">Vivicceva kāmehī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">viviccā</span>ti iminā vivecanaṃ jhānakkhaṇe kāmānaṃ abhāvamattaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Viviccevā</span>ti pana iminā ekaṃsato kāmānaṃ vivecetabbatādīpanena tappaṭipakkhatā jhānassa kāmavivekappahānassa ca jhānādhigamūpāyatā dassitā hotīti imamatthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘paṭhamajjhāna’’</span>ntiādiṃ vatvā tamevatthaṃ pākaṭataraṃ kātuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘katha’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Andhakāre sati padīpo viyā</span>ti etena yathā padīpābhāvena rattiyaṃ andhakārābhibhavo, evaṃ jhānābhāvena cittasantatiyaṃ kāmābhibhavoti dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Eta</span>nti pubbapadeyeva avadhāraṇavacanaṃ, na kho pana evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ ‘‘kāmehi evā’’ti avadhāraṇassa akatattā. <span class="bld">Tannissaraṇato</span>ti nissaranti niggacchanti etena, ettha vāti nissaraṇaṃ. Ke niggacchanti? Kāmā. Tesaṃ kāmānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ pahānaṃ <span class="bld">tannissaraṇaṃ,</span> tato kāmanissaraṇatoti attho. Kathaṃ pana samāne vikkhambhane kāmānamevetaṃ nissaraṇaṃ, na byāpādādīnanti codanaṃ yuttito āgamato ca sādhetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kāmadhātū’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">kāmadhātusamatikkamanato</span>ti sakalassapi kāmabhavassa samatikkamapaṭipadābhāvato. Tena imassa jhānassa kāmapariññābhāvamāha<a name="M1.0356"></a>. <span class="bld">Kāmarāgapaṭipakkhato</span>ti ‘‘chando kāmo’’tiādinā (mahāni. 1) vuttavibhāgassa kilesakāmassa paccatthikabhāvato. Tena yathā mettā byāpādassa, karuṇā vihiṃsāya, evamidaṃ jhānaṃ kāmarāgassa ujuvipaccanīkabhūtanti dasseti. Vipākena cettha kāmadhātusamatikkamo <a name="V1.0312"></a> attano pavattikkhaṇe kāmarāgapaṭipakkhatā ca veditabbā. Evamattano pavattiyā vipākappavattiyā ca kāmarāgato kāmadhātuto ca vinivattasabhāvattā idaṃ jhānaṃ visesato kāmānameva nissaraṇaṃ, svāyamattho pāṭhāgato evāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yathāhā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Nekkhamma</span>nti paṭhamajjhānaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kāmañcettha tamatthaṃ dīpetuṃ purimapadeyeva avadhāraṇaṃ gahitaṃ, uttarapadepi pana taṃ gahetabbameva tathā atthasambhavatoti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘uttarapadepī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ito</span>ti kāmacchandato. <span class="bld">Esa daṭṭhabbo</span>ti esa niyamo daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Sādhāraṇavacanenā</span>ti sabbavivekasādhāraṇavacanena. Tadaṅgavikkhambhanasamucchedapaṭippassaddhinissaraṇavivekā <span class="bld">tadaṅgavivekādayo</span>. Kāyacittaupadhivivekā <span class="bld">kāyavivekādayo. Tayo eva idha daṭṭhabbā</span>ti tayo eva idha jhānakathāyaṃ daṭṭhabbā samucchedavivekādīnaṃ asambhavato. <span class="bld">Niddese</span>ti mahāniddese (mahāni. 1). Tattha hi ‘‘uddānato dve kāmā vatthukāmā kilesakāmā cā’’ti uddisitvā tattha ‘‘katame vatthukāmā manāpiyā rūpā…pe… manāpiyā phoṭṭhabbā’’tiādinā vatthukāmā niddiṭṭhā. Te pana kāmīyantīti kāmāti veditabbā. <span class="bld">Tatthevā</span>ti niddeseyeva. <span class="bld">Vibhaṅge</span>ti jhānavibhaṅge. <span class="bld">Evañhi satī</span>ti evaṃ ubhayesampi kāmānaṃ saṅgahe sati. <span class="bld">Vatthukāmehipī</span>ti vatthukāmehi viviccevātipi attho yujjatīti evaṃ yujjamānatthantarasamuccayattho <span class="bld">pi</span>-saddo, na kilesakāmasamuccayattho. Kasmā? Imasmiṃ atthe kilesakāmehi vivekassa dutiyapadena vuttattā. <span class="bld">Tenā</span>ti vatthukāmavivekena. <span class="bld">Kāyaviveko vutto hotī</span>ti puttadārādipariggahavivekadīpanato kāyaviveko vutto hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Purimenā</span>ti kāyavivekena. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti ‘‘vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehī’’ti etasmiṃ padadvaye. Ito vā niddhārite vivekadvaye, akusalasaddena yadi kilesakāmā, sabbākusalāpi vā <a name="M1.0357"></a> gahitā, sabbathā kilesakāmehi viveko vuttoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘dutiyena kilesakāmehi vivekavacanato’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Dutiyenā</span>ti ca cittavivekenāti attho. <span class="bld">Etesa</span>nti yathāvuttānaṃ dvinnaṃ padānaṃ. Niddhāraṇe cetaṃ sāmivacanaṃ. Taṇhādisaṃkilesānaṃ vatthuno pahānaṃ <span class="bld">saṃkilesavatthuppahānaṃ</span>. <span class="bld">Lolabhāvo</span> nāma tattha tattha rūpādīsu taṇhuppādo, tassa hetū vatthukāmā eva veditabbā. Bālabhāvassa hetupariccāgoti sambandho. <span class="bld">Bālabhāvo</span> nāma avijjā, ducintitacintitādi vā, tassa ayonisomanasikāro, sabbepi vā akusalā dhammā hetū. Kāmaguṇādhigamahetu pāṇātipātādiasuddhappayogo hotīti tabbivekena <span class="bld">payogasuddhi</span> vibhāvitā. Taṇhāsaṃkilesasodhanena vivaṭṭūpanissayasaṃvaḍḍhanena ca ajjhāsayavisodhanaṃ <span class="bld">āsayaposanaṃ. Āsayaposana</span>nti ca jhānabhāvanāya paccayabhūtā pubbayogādivasena siddhā ajjhāsayasampadā<a name="V1.0313"></a>, sā pana taṇhupatāpavigamena hoti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘taṇhāsaṃkilesavisodhanenā’’ti. <span class="bld">Kāmesū</span>ti niddhāraṇe bhummaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anekabhedo</span>ti kāmāsavakāmarāgasaṃyojanādivasena rūpataṇhādivasena ca anekappabhedo. <span class="bld">Kāmacchandoyevā</span>ti kāmasabhāvoyeva chando, na kattukamyatāchando napi kusalacchandoti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Akusalapariyāpannopī</span>ti ‘‘vivicca akusalehī’’ti ettha vuttaakusalesu antogadhopi. <span class="bld">Jhānapaṭipakkhato</span>ti jhānassa paṭipakkhabhāvato taṃhetu taṃnimittaṃ visuṃ vutto, akusalabhāvasāmaññena aggahetvā visuṃ sarūpena gahito. Yadi kilesakāmova purimapade vutto, taṃ kathaṃ bahuvacananti āha <span class="bld">‘‘anekabhedato’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Aññesampī</span>ti diṭṭhimānaahirikānottappādīnaṃ taṃsahitaphassādīnañca. <span class="bld">Uparijhānaṅgapaccanīkapaṭipakkhabhāvadassanato</span>ti ‘‘savitakkaṃ savicāra’’ntiādinā upari vuccamānāni jhānaṅgāni uparijhānaṅgāni, tesaṃ attano paccanīkānaṃ paṭipakkhabhāvadassanato tappaccanīkanīvaraṇavacanaṃ. ‘‘Uparijhānaṅgānaṃ paccanīkapaṭipakkhabhāvadassanato’’tipi pāṭho. Tattha <span class="bld">paccanīkapaṭipakkhabhāvadassanato</span>ti upari vuccamānajhānaṅgānaṃ ujuvipaccanīkavasena paṭipakkhabhāvadassanatoti atthaṃ vadanti. <span class="bld">Jhānaṅgapaccanīkānī</span>ti jhānaṅgānaṃ pavattinivāraṇato jhānaṅgapaccanīkāni. <span class="bld">Viddhaṃsakānī</span>ti vighātakāni. <span class="bld">Samādhi kāmacchandassa</span> <a name="M1.0358"></a> <span class="bld">paṭipakkho</span>ti rāgapaṇidhiyā ujuvipaccanīkabhāvato nānārammaṇehi palobhitassa paribbhamantassa cittassa samādhānato kāmacchandassa samādhi paṭipakkho. <span class="bld">Pīti byāpādassā</span>ti pāmojjena samānayogakkhemattā byāpādassa pīti paṭipakkhā. <span class="bld">Vitakko thinamiddhassā</span>ti yoniso saṅkappanavasena savipphārappavattito vitakko thinamiddhassa paṭipakkho. <span class="bld">Sukhaṃ uddhaccakukkuccassā</span>ti sukhaṃ vūpasantasītalasabhāvattā avūpasamānutāpasabhāvassa uddhaccakukkuccassa paṭipakkhaṃ. <span class="bld">Vicāro vicikicchāyā</span>ti vicāro ārammaṇe anumajjanavasena paññāpatirūpasabhāvattā vicikicchāya paṭipakkho. Mahākaccānattherena desitā piṭakānaṃ saṃvaṇṇanā peṭakaṃ, tasmiṃ <span class="bld">peṭake</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pañcakāmaguṇabhedavisayassā</span>ti rūpādipañcakāmaguṇavisesavisayassa. <span class="bld">Āghātavatthubhedādivisayāna</span>nti byāpādavivekavacanena ‘‘anatthaṃ me acarī’’tiādiāghātavatthubhedavisayassa dosassa, mohādhikehi thinamiddhādīhi vivekavacanena paṭicchādanavasena dukkhādipubbantādibhedavisayassa mohassa vikkhambhanaviveko vutto. Kāmarāgabyāpādatadekaṭṭhathinamiddhādivikkhambhakañcetaṃ sabbākusalapaṭipakkhasabhāvattā sabbakusalānaṃ, tena sabhāvena sabbākusalappahāyakaṃ <a name="V1.0314"></a> hontampi kāmarāgādivikkhambhanasabhāvameva hoti taṃsabhāvattāti avisesetvā nīvaraṇākusalamūlādīnaṃ vikkhambhanaviveko vutto hotīti āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathāpaccayaṃ pavattamānānaṃ sabhāvadhammānaṃ natthi kāci vasavattitāti vasavattibhāvanivāraṇatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘vitakkanaṃ vitakko’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Vitakkana</span>nti hi vitakkanakiriyā, sā ca vitakkassa attano paccayehi pavattimattamevāti bhāvaniddeso vasavattibhāvanivāraṇāya hoti. Tayidaṃ vitakkanaṃ ‘‘īdisamida’’nti ārammaṇaparikappananti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ūhananti vuttaṃ hotī’’</span>ti. Yasmā cittaṃ vitakkabalena ārammaṇaṃ abhiniruḷhaṃ viya hoti, tasmā so ārammaṇābhiniropanalakkhaṇo vutto. Yathā hi koci rājavallabhaṃ ñātiṃ vā mittaṃ vā nissāya rājagehaṃ ārohati anupavisati, evaṃ vitakkaṃ nissāya cittaṃ ārammaṇaṃ ārohati. Yadi evaṃ kathaṃ avitakkaṃ cittaṃ ārammaṇaṃ ārohatīti? Vitakkabaleneva. Yathā hi so puriso paricayena tena vināpi nirāsaṅko rājagehaṃ pavisati, evaṃ paricayena vitakkena vināpi avitakkaṃ cittaṃ ārammaṇaṃ ārohati. <span class="bld">Paricayenā</span>ti <a name="M1.0359"></a> ca santāne pavattavitakkabhāvanāsaṅkhātena paricayena. Vitakkassa hi santāne abhiṇhaṃ pavattassa vasena cittassa ārammaṇābhiruhanaṃ ciraparicitaṃ, tena taṃ kadāci vitakkena vināpi tattha pavattateva. Yathā taṃ ñāṇasahitaṃ hutvā sammasanavasena ciraparicitaṃ kadāci ñāṇarahitampi sammasanavasena pavattati, yathā vā kilesasahitaṃ hutvā pavattaṃ sabbaso kilesarahitampi paricayena kilesavāsanāvasena pavattati, evaṃsampadamidaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Āhananapariyāhananaraso</span>ti ādito, abhimukhaṃ vā hananaṃ <span class="bld">āhananaṃ</span>. Parito, parivattitvā vā āhananaṃ <span class="bld">pariyāhananaṃ</span>. ‘‘Rūpaṃ rūpaṃ, pathavī pathavī’’ti ākoṭentassa viya pavatti āhananaṃ pariyāhanananti ca veditabbaṃ. Yasmiñhi ārammaṇe cittaṃ abhiniropeti, taṃ tassa gahaṇayogyaṃ karonto vitakko ākoṭento viya hoti. Yadi evaṃ nāgasenattherena ‘‘ākoṭanalakkhaṇo vitakko. Yathā, mahārāja, bherī ākoṭitā atha pacchā anuravati anusaddāyati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yathā ākoṭanā, evaṃ vitakko daṭṭhabbo. Atha pacchā anuravanā anusaddanā, evaṃ vicāro daṭṭhabbo’’ti ākoṭanalakkhaṇatā vitakkassa kasmā vuttā? Nāyaṃ virodho. Therena hi kiccasannissitaṃ katvā lakkhaṇaṃ vuttaṃ. Dhammānañhi sabhāvavinimuttā kāci kiriyā nāma natthi tathā gahetabbākāro ca. Bodhaneyyajanānurodhena pana paramatthato ekībhāvopi sabhāvadhammo pariyāyavacanehi viya samāropitarūpehi bahūhi pakārehi <a name="V1.0315"></a> pakāsīyati. Evañhi so suṭṭhu pakāsito hoti. <span class="bld">Ānayanapaccupaṭṭhāno</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">ānayanaṃ</span> citte ārammaṇassa upanayanaṃ, ākaḍḍhanaṃ vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anusañcaraṇaṃ</span> anuparibbhamanaṃ. Svāyaṃ viseso santānamhi labbhamāno eva santāne pākaṭo hotīti daṭṭhabbo. Sesesupi eseva nayo. <span class="bld">Anumajjana</span>nti ārammaṇe cittassa anumasanaṃ, parimajjananti attho. Tathā hi ‘‘vicāro parimajjanahattho viya sañcaraṇahattho viyā’’ti ca vutto. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti ārammaṇe. Sahajātānaṃ anuyojanaṃ ārammaṇe anuvicaraṇasaṅkhātaanumajjanavaseneva veditabbaṃ. Anuppabandhanaṃ ārammaṇe cittassa avicchinnassa viya pavatti. Tathā hi so ‘‘anuppabandhanatā’’ti niddiṭṭho. Teneva ca ‘‘ghaṇṭānuravo viya, paribbhamanaṃ viyā’’ti ca vutto. <span class="bld">Katthacī</span>ti paṭhamajjhāne <a name="M1.0360"></a> parittacittuppādesu ca. <span class="bld">Oḷārikaṭṭhenā</span>ti vicārato oḷārikaṭṭhena. Yathā ghaṇṭābhighātasaddo paṭhamābhinipāto hoti, evaṃ ārammaṇābhimukhaniropanaṭṭhena vitakko cetaso paṭhamābhinipāto viya hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ghaṇṭābhighātasaddo viyā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Vipphāravā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">vipphāro</span> nāma vitakkassa thinamiddhapaṭipakkho ārammaṇe anolīnatā asaṅkoco, so pana abhiniropanabhāvena calanaṃ viya hotīti adhippāyenāha <span class="bld">‘‘paripphandanabhāvo cittassā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Paribbhamanaṃ viyā</span>ti ettha parissayābhāvavīmaṃsanatthaṃ paribbhamananti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Dukanipātaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> pana –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ākāse gacchato mahāsakuṇassa ubhohi pakkhehi vātaṃ gahetvā pakkhe sannisīdāpetvā gamanaṃ viya ārammaṇe cetaso abhiniropanabhāvena pavatto vitakko, vātaggahaṇatthaṃ pakkhe phandāpayamānassa gamanaṃ viya anumajjanabhāvena pavatto vicāro’’ti –</p>
<p class="unindented">Vuttaṃ, taṃ anuppabandhanena pavattiyaṃ yujjati. Tathā hi upacāre vā appanāyaṃ vā santānena pavattiyaṃ vitakko niccalo hutvā ārammaṇaṃ anupavisitvā viya pavattati, na paṭhamābhinipāte pākaṭo hoti. Yathā hi apubbārammaṇe paṭhamābhinipātabhūto vitakko vipphāravā hoti, na tathā ekasmiṃyeva ārammaṇe nirantaraṃ anuppabandhavasena pavattiyaṃ, nātivipphāravā pana tattha hoti sannisinnabhāvato. <span class="bld">Paṭhamadutiyajjhānesu pākaṭo hotī</span>ti vitakkassa viseso abhiniropanākāro oḷārikattā paṭhamajjhāne pākaṭo hoti, tadabhāvato pañcakanaye dutiyajjhāne vicārassa viseso anumajjanākāro pākaṭo hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ <a name="V1.0316"></a> panettha aparo nayo – malaggahitaṃ kaṃsabhājanaṃ ekena hatthena daḷhaṃ gahetvā itarena hatthena cuṇṇatelaeḷakalomādikatacumbaṭakena parimajjantassa daḷhaṃ gahaṇahattho viya vitakko, parimajjanahattho viya vicāro. Tathā kumbhakārassa daṇḍappahārena cakkaṃ bhamayitvā bhājanaṃ karontassa piṇḍassa uppīḷanahattho viya vitakko, tasseva ito cito ca sañcaraṇahattho viya vicāro. Tathā kaṃsabhājanādīsu kiñci maṇḍalaṃ vaṭṭalekhaṃ karontassa majjhe sannirumbhitvā ṭhitakaṇṭako viya <a name="M1.0361"></a> abhiniropano vitakko, bahi paribbhamanakaṇṭako viya anumajjano vicāroti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā pupphaphalasākhādiavayavavinimutto avijjamānopi rukkho ‘‘sapuppho saphalo’’ti voharīyati, evaṃ vitakkādiaṅgavinimuttaṃ avijjamānampi jhānaṃ ‘‘savitakkaṃ savicāra’’nti voharīyatīti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘rukkho viyā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Vibhaṅge panā</span>tiādīsu jhānabhāvanāya puggalavasena desetabbattā ‘‘idha bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehī’’tiādinā (vibha. 508) puggalādhiṭṭhānena jhānāni uddiṭṭhānīti. Yadipi vibhaṅge puggalādhiṭṭhānā desanā katā, attho pana tatrāpi vibhaṅgepi yathā idha ‘‘iminā ca vitakkenā’’tiādinā dhammavasena vutto, evameva daṭṭhabbo, paramatthato puggalasseva abhāvatoti adhippāyo. Atha vā jhānasamaṅgino vitakkavicārasamaṅgitādassanena jhānasseva savitakkasavicāratā vuttāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘attho pana tatrāpi evameva daṭṭhabbo’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Viveka</span>saddassa bhāvasādhanataṃ sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘tasmā vivekā’’</span>ti. Hetuatthe cetaṃ nissakkavacanaṃ, tasmā vivekā hetubhūtāti attho. <span class="bld">Viveka</span>saddassa kattusādhanataṃ kammasādhanataṃ vā sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘tasmiṃ vā viveke’’</span>ti. ‘‘Vivitto’’ti hi iminā nīvaraṇehi vinābhūto tehi vivecitoti ca sādhanadvayampi saṅgahitamevāti. <span class="bld">Pinayatī</span>ti tappeti vaḍḍheti vā. <span class="bld">Sampiyāyanalakkhaṇā</span>ti paritussanalakkhaṇā. <span class="bld">Pīnanarasā</span>ti paribrūhanarasā. <span class="bld">Pharaṇarasā</span>ti paṇītarūpehi kāyassa byāpanarasā. Udaggabhāvo <span class="bld">odagyaṃ</span>. Sukhayatīti <span class="bld">sukhaṃ,</span> attanā sampayuttadhamme laddhassāde karotīti attho. Svāyaṃ kattuniddeso pariyāyaladdho dhammato aññassa kattunivattanattho, nippariyāyena pana bhāvasādhanameva labbhatīti <span class="bld">‘‘sukhanaṃ sukha’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Sātalakkhaṇa</span>nti iṭṭhasabhāvattā taṃsamaṅgīpuggalaṃ, sampayuttadhamme vā attani sādayatīti sātaṃ da-kārassa ta-kāraṃ katvā. Sātaṃ madhuranti vadanti, sātaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ etassāti sātalakkhaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Upabrūhanarasa</span>ntiādīsu <span class="bld">upabrūhanaṃ</span> sampayuttadhammānaṃ saṃvaddhanaṃ, dukkhaṃ viya avissajjetvā adukkhamasukhā viya anajjhupekkhitvā anu anu gaṇhanaṃ upakāritā vā anuggaho. <span class="bld">Katthacī</span>ti <a name="V1.0317"></a> paṭhamajjhānādike. <span class="bld">Paṭilābhatuṭṭhī</span>ti paṭilābhavasena uppajjanakatuṭṭhi. <span class="bld">Paṭiladdharasānubhavana</span>nti <a name="M1.0362"></a> paṭiladdhassa ārammaṇarasassa anubhavanaṃ. Etena pītisukhāni sabhāvato vibhajitvā dassitāni. <span class="bld">Yattha pīti, tattha sukha</span>nti vitakkassa viya vicārena pītiyā sukhena accantasaṃyogamāha. <span class="bld">Yattha sukhaṃ, tattha na niyamato pītī</span>ti vicārassa viya vitakkena, sukhassa pītiyā anaccantasaṃyogaṃ. Tena accantānaccantasaṃyogitāya pītisukhānaṃ visesaṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kaṃ udakaṃ tārenti etthāti <span class="bld">kantāraṃ,</span> nirudakamaruṭṭhānaṃ. Vanameva <span class="bld">vanantaṃ</span>. <span class="bld">Vanacchāyappavesanaudakaparibhogesu viya sukha</span>nti yathā hi puriso mahākantāramaggaṃ paṭipanno ghammapareto tasito pipāsito paṭipathe purisaṃ disvā ‘‘kattha pānīyaṃ atthī’’ti puccheyya, so ‘‘aṭaviṃ uttaritvāva jātassaravanasaṇḍo atthi, tattha gantvā labhissasī’’ti vadeyya, so tassa kathaṃ sutvāva haṭṭhapahaṭṭho bhaveyya, tato gacchanto bhūmiyaṃ patitāni uppaladalanāḷapattādīni disvā suṭṭhutaraṃ haṭṭhapahaṭṭho hutvā gacchanto allavatthe allakese purise passeyya, vanakukkuṭavanamorādīnaṃ saddaṃ suṇeyya, jātassarapariyante jātamaṇijālasadisaṃ nīlavanasaṇḍaṃ passeyya, sare jātāni uppalapadumakumudāni passeyya, acchaṃ vippasannaṃ udakampi passeyya, so bhiyyo bhiyyo haṭṭhapahaṭṭho hutvā jātassaraṃ otaritvā yathāruci nhatvā ca pivitvā ca passaddhadaratho bhisamuḷālapokkharādīni khāditvā nīluppalādīni piḷandhitvā mandālavamūlāni khandhe khipitvā uttaritvā sāṭakaṃ nivāsetvā udakasāṭakaṃ ātape katvā sītacchāyāya mandamande vāte paharante nipannova ‘‘aho sukhaṃ aho sukha’’nti vadeyya, evaṃsampadamidaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tassa hi purisassa jātassaravanasaṇḍasavanato paṭṭhāya yāva udakadassanā haṭṭhapahaṭṭhakālo viya pubbabhāgārammaṇe haṭṭhapahaṭṭhākārā pīti, nhāyitvā ca pivitvā ca sītacchāyāya mandamande vāte paharante ‘‘aho sukhaṃ aho sukha’’nti vadanto nipannakālo viya balappattaṃ ārammaṇarasānubhavanākārasaṇṭhitaṃ sukhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tasmiṃ tasmiṃ samaye</span>ti iṭṭhārammaṇassa paṭilābhasamaye paṭiladdhassa rasānubhavanasamaye vanacchāyādīnaṃ savanadassanasamaye paribhogasamaye ca. <span class="bld">Pākaṭabhāvato</span>ti yathākkamaṃ pītisukhānaṃ vibhūtabhāvato. <span class="bld">Vivekajaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0363"></a> <span class="bld">pītisukha</span>nti ettha purimasmiṃ atthe vivekajanti jhānaṃ vuttaṃ. Pītisukhasaddato ca atthiatthavisesavato <span class="bld">assa jhānassa, asmiṃ vā jhāne</span>ti ettha akāro daṭṭhabbo yathā arisasoti. Dutiye pītisukhameva vivekajaṃ, vivekajaṃpītisukhanti ca aññapadatthasamāso <a name="V1.0318"></a> paccattaniddesassa ca alopo kato, lope vā sati ‘‘vivekajapītisukha’’nti pāṭhoti ayaṃ viseso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Gaṇanānupubbato paṭhama</span>nti iminā desanākkamaṃ ulliṅgeti. ‘‘Gaṇanānupubbatā paṭhama’’ntipi pāṭho, tatthāpi gaṇanānupubbatāyāti attho, gaṇanānupubbatāmattaṃ vā paṭhamanti idaṃ vacananti attho. <span class="bld">Paṭhamaṃ samāpajjatīti paṭhama</span>nti idaṃ pana na ekantalakkhaṇaṃ. Ciṇṇavasībhāvo hi aṭṭhasamāpattilābhī ādito paṭṭhāya matthakaṃ pāpentopi samāpajjituṃ sakkoti, matthakato paṭṭhāya ādiṃ pāpentopi samāpajjituṃ sakkoti, antarantarā okkamantopi sakkoti. Evaṃ pubbuppattiyaṭṭhena pana paṭhamaṃ uppannantipi paṭhamaṃ. Teneva <span class="bld">visuddhimagge</span> (visuddhi. 1.75) ‘‘gaṇanānupubbatā paṭhamaṃ, paṭhamaṃ uppannantipi paṭhama’’nti ettakameva vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Paccanīkadhamme jhāpetī</span>ti nīvaraṇādipaccanīkadhamme dahati, vikkhambhanavasena pajahatīti attho. <span class="bld">Gocara</span>nti kasiṇādiālambanaṃ. <span class="bld">Ta</span>nti taṃ gocaraṃ. <span class="bld">Upanijjhāyatī</span>ti passati. <span class="bld">Saha upacārenā</span>ti saddhiṃ upacārajjhānena. <span class="bld">Kasiṇārammaṇūpanijjhāyanato</span>ti pathavīkasiṇādino attano ārammaṇassa rūpaṃ viya cakkhunā upanijjhāyanato. <span class="bld">Lakkhaṇūpanijjhāyanato</span>ti yathāsambhavaṃ aniccādilakkhaṇattayassa nibbānadhātuyā tathalakkhaṇassa ca upanijjhāyanato. Tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘ettha hī’’</span>tiādi. Niccādivipallāsappahānena maggo asammohato aniccādilakkhaṇāni upanijjhāyatīti lakkhaṇūpanijjhānanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘vipassanāya upanijjhāyanakicca’’</span>ntiādi. <span class="bld">Tathalakkhaṇa</span>nti avināsadhammassa nibbānassa anaññathābhāvato aviparītasabhāvo tathalakkhaṇaṃ, maggassapi vā nibbānārammaṇato tathalakkhaṇūpanijjhānatā yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Visadisodāharaṇaṃ tāva dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘yathā sadhano’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Añño apadesāraho hotī</span>ti dhanato parijanato ca añño dhanavā parijanavā ca puriso saha dhanena vattati parijanena cāti sadhano saparijanoti apadesaṃ arahatīti apadesāraho hoti<a name="M1.0364"></a>, apadisitabbo hotīti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Senaṅgesu eva senāsammutī</span>ti rathādisenaṅgavinimuttāya senāya abhāvepi rathehi pattīhi ca saha vattanato sarathā sapatti senāti rathādisenaṅgesuyeva senāvohāroti attho. Kasmā panettha jhānapāṭhe aggahitā cittekaggatā gahitāti anuyogaṃ sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘avuttattā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Evaṃ vuttāyevā</span>ti evaṃ sarūpato vibhaṅge vuttāyeva. <span class="bld">Sacittekaggatanti idha avuttepī</span>ti ‘‘sacittekaggata’’nti evaṃ sarūpato imasmiṃ jhānapāṭhe avuttepīti attho, sāmaññato pana jhānaggahaṇena gahitā eva. Tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘yena hī’’</span>tiādi<a name="V1.0319"></a>. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yena vitakkādīhi saha vattabbaṃ, taṃ dhammaṃ dīpetuṃ tassa pakāsanādhippāyena ‘‘savitakkaṃ savicāra’’ntiādinā uddeso kato, so eva adhippāyo tena bhagavatā vibhaṅge (vibha. 569) ‘‘cittassekaggatā’’ti niddisantena pakāsito, tasmā sā jhānapāṭhe aggahitāti na cintetabbanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Upasampajjā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">upa-saṃ</span>saddā ‘‘upalabbhatī’’tiādīsu viya niratthakāti dassetuṃ ‘‘upagantvā’’tiādiṃ vatvā puna tesaṃ sātthakabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘upasampādayitvā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ, tasmā <span class="bld">upasampajjā</span>ti ettha patvā sādhetvāti vā attho. <span class="bld">Iriya</span>nti kiriyaṃ. <span class="bld">Vutti</span>ntiādīni tasseva vevacanāni. Ekaṃ iriyāpathabādhanaṃ iriyāpathantarehi rakkhaṇaṃ <span class="bld">pālanaṃ</span>. Sabbabuddhānaṃ āciṇṇattā ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhānameva vuttaṃ. Tañhi sabbabuddhānaṃ āciṇṇanti vadanti.</p>
<p class="centered">Paṭhamajjhānakathā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dutiyajjhānakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vūpasamā</span>ti vūpasamahetu. Vūpasamoti cettha pahānaṃ adhippetaṃ, tañca vitakkavicārānaṃ atikkamo atthato dutiyajjhānakkhaṇe anuppādoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘samatikkamā’’</span>tiādi. Katamesaṃ panettha vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamo adhippeto, kiṃ paṭhamajjhānikānaṃ, udāhu dutiyajjhānikānanti, kiñcettha – yadi paṭhamajjhānikānaṃ, natthi tesaṃ vūpasamo. Na hi kadāci paṭhamajjhānaṃ <a name="M1.0365"></a> vitakkavicārarahitaṃ atthi. Atha dutiyajjhānikānaṃ, evampi nattheva vūpasamo sabbena sabbaṃ tesaṃ tattha abhāvatoti imaṃ anuyogaṃ sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘tattha kiñcāpī’’</span>tiādi. Yasmā diṭṭhādīnavassa taṃtaṃjhānakkhaṇe anuppattidhammatāpādanaṃ vūpasamanaṃ adhippetaṃ, vitakkādayo eva ca jhānaṅgabhūtā tathā karīyanti, na taṃsampayuttā phassādayo, tasmā vitakkādīnaṃyeva vūpasamādhivacanaṃ jhāne āgataṃ. Yasmā pana vitakkādīnaṃ viya taṃsampayuttadhammānampi ‘‘etena etaṃ oḷārika’’nti ādīnavadassanaṃ sutte āgataṃ, tasmā avisesena vitakkādīnaṃ taṃsahagatānañca vūpasamādike vattabbe vitakkādīnaṃyeva vūpasamo vuccamāno adhikavacanaṃ aññamatthaṃ bodhetīti katvā kañci visesaṃ dīpetīti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘oḷārikassa panā’’</span>tiādimāha. Ayañhettha adhippāyo – yehi vitakkavicārehi paṭhamajjhānassa oḷārikatā, tesaṃ samatikkamā dutiyajjhānassa samadhigamo, na sabhāvato anoḷārikānaṃ phassādīnaṃ samatikkamāti ayamattho ‘‘vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā’’ti etena dīpito<a name="V1.0320"></a>, tasmā ‘‘kiṃ paṭhamajjhānikānaṃ vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamo idhādhippeto, udāhu dutiyajjhānikāna’’nti edisī codanā anokāsāva. ‘‘Pītiyā ca virāgā’’tiādīsupi eseva nayo. Tasmā vitakkavicārapītisukhasamatikkamavacanāni oḷārikoḷārikaṅgasamatikkamā dutiyādiadhigamadīpakānīti tesaṃ ekadesabhūtaṃ vitakkavicārasamatikkamavacanaṃ avayavena samudāyopalakkhaṇanayena taṃ dīpakaṃ vuttaṃ. Visuṃ visuṃ ṭhitepi hi vitakkavicārasamatikkamavacanādike paheyyaṅganiddesatāsāmaññena cittena samūhato gahite vitakkavicāravūpasamavacanassa tadekadesatā hotīti. Atha vā vitakkavicāravūpasamavacaneneva taṃsamatikkamā dutiyādiadhigamadīpakena pītivirāgādivacanānaṃ pītiādisamatikkamā tatiyādiadhigamadīpakatā dīpitā hotīti tassa taṃdīpakatā vuttā. Evañhi avayavena samudāyopalakkhaṇaṃ vinā vitakkavicāravūpasamavacanena pītivirāgādivacanānaṃ savisaye samānabyāpāratā dassitā hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ajjhattanti niyakajjhattaṃ adhippetaṃ, na ajjhattajjhattādīti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘ajjhattanti niyakajjhattaṃ adhippeta’’</span>nti. Tattha kāraṇamāha <span class="bld">‘‘vibhaṅge</span> <a name="M1.0366"></a> <span class="bld">panā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Pana</span>-saddopi apisaddattho, vibhaṅgepīti attho. Ayameva vā pāṭho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nīlavaṇṇayogato nīlavatthaṃ viyā</span>ti nīlayogato vatthaṃ nīlaṃ viyāti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Imasmiñca atthavikappe</span>ti ‘‘ceto sampasādayatī’’ti etasmiṃ pakkhe. <span class="bld">Cetaso</span>ti ca upayogatthe sāmivacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Purimasmi</span>nti ‘‘sampasādanayogato jhānampi sampasādana’’nti vuttapakkhe. <span class="bld">Cetaso</span>ti sambandhe sāmivacanaṃ. ‘‘Yāva na pare ekagate karomī’’tiādīsu seṭṭhavacanopi ekasaddo loke dissatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘seṭṭhopi hi loke ekoti vuccatī’’</span>ti. ‘‘Ekākīhi khuddakehi jita’’ntiādīsu asahāyatthopi ekasaddo diṭṭhoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘eko asahāyo hutvā’’</span>ti. Saddhādayopi kāmaṃ sampayuttadhammānaṃ sādhāraṇato ca asādhāraṇato ca paccayā hontiyeva, samādhi pana jhānakkhaṇe sampayuttadhammānaṃ avikkhepalakkhaṇe indaṭṭhakaraṇena sātisayaṃ paccayo hotīti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘sampayuttadhamme…pe… adhivacana’’</span>nti āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāva’’nti visesanadvayaṃ jhānassa atisayavacanicchāvasena gahitaṃ. Svāyamatisayo yathā imasmiṃ jhāne labbhati, na tathā paṭhamajjhāneti imaṃ visesaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘nanu cā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Ārammaṇe āhananapariyāhananavasena anumajjanaanuyujjanavasena ca pavattamānā dhammā satipi nīvaraṇappahānena kilesakālussiyāpagame sampayuttānaṃ <a name="V1.0321"></a> kiñci khobhaṃ karontā viya tehi ca te na sannisinnā hontīti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘vitakkavicārakkhobhena…pe… na suppasanna’’</span>nti. Tattha khuddikā ūmiyo <span class="bld">vīciyo,</span> mahatiyo <span class="bld">taraṅgā. Samādhipi na suṭṭhu pākaṭo</span>ti satipi indriyasamatte vīriyasamatāya ca teneva khotena sampasādābhāvena ca bahale viya jale maccho samādhipi na suṭṭhu pākaṭo. <span class="bld">Vitakkavicārapalibodhābhāvenā</span>ti ettha yathāvuttakhobho eva palibodho. <span class="bld">Evaṃ vuttenā</span>ti yassā saddhāya vasena sampasādanaṃ, yassā ca cittekaggatāya vasena ekodibhāvanti ca jhānaṃ vuttaṃ, tāsaṃ eva ‘‘saddahanā’’tiādinā (vibha. 574) pavattiākāravisesavibhāvanavasena vuttena tena vibhaṅgapāṭhena. <span class="bld">Ayaṃ atthavaṇṇanā</span>ti ‘‘sampasādanayogato, sampasādanato <a name="M1.0367"></a> vā sampasādanaṃ. Ekodiṃ bhāvetīti ekodibhāvanti jhānaṃ vutta’’nti evaṃ pavattā ayaṃ atthavaṇṇanā. <span class="bld">Aññadatthu saṃsandati ceva sameti ca, evaṃ veditabbā</span>ti kathaṃ panāyaṃ atthavaṇṇanā tena vibhaṅgapāṭhena saddhiṃ saṃsandati sameti, nanu jhānavibhaṅge ‘‘sampasādana’’nti padaṃ uddharitvā ‘‘yā saddhā saddahanā’’tiādinā (vibha. 574) saddhāyeva vuttā, ‘‘cetaso ekodibhāva’’nti ca padaṃ uddharitvā ‘‘yā cittassa ṭhiti saṇṭhiti avaṭṭhitī’’tiādinā samādhisseva niddeso kato, aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana ‘‘sampasādanaṃ ekodibhāva’’nti jhānameva vuttanti aṭṭhakathāya vibhaṅgapāṭhena saddhiṃ virodho āpajjatīti? Nāpajjati vibhaṅgepi imināva adhippāyena niddesassa katattā. Tathā hi yena sampasādanena yogā jhānaṃ ‘‘sampasādana’’nti vuccati, tasmiṃ ‘‘yā saddhā saddahanā’’tiādinā dassite sampasādanaṃ jhānanti samānādhikaraṇaniddeseneva taṃyogā jhāne taṃsaddappavatti dassitā hoti. ‘‘Ekodibhāva’’nti ca padaṃ uddharitvā ekodimhi dassite ekodibhāvaṃ jhānanti samānādhikaraṇaniddeseneva jhānassa ekodivaḍḍhanatā vuttāva hotīti iminā adhippāyena byañjanavicāraṃ akatvā dhammamattameva niddiṭṭhanti avirodho yutto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ṭīkākārehi ācariyadhammapālattherādīhi ‘‘yadi ekodīti samādhissa gahaṇaṃ adhippetaṃ, tadā ‘ekodibhāva’nti padaṃ uddharitvā samādhissa niddeso na kattabbo siyā. Tasmā ekodibhāvasaddo eva samādhimhi pavatto sampasādanasaddo viya jhāne pavattatīti yutta’’nti, taṃ aṭṭhakathāya virujjhati. Tasmā so aṭṭhakathānirapekkho visuṃyeveko atthavikappoti gahetabbaṃ. Ayañhi nesaṃ adhippāyo – vitakkavicārehi anajjhāruḷhattā ekaṃ udetīti ekodīti tathāvidhasamādhiyuttaṃ jhānacittameva gahetvā ekodissa bhāvo ekodibhāvoti samādhissa gahaṇaṃ sakkā vattunti. Yo panāyaṃ tesamabhiniveso ‘‘ekodīti samādhissa gahaṇe sati ‘ekodibhāva’nti padaṃ uddharitvā samādhissa niddeso na kattabbo siyā’’ti<a name="V1.0322"></a>, so anekantikattā ayutto. Aññatthapi hi byañjanavicāraṃ akatvā atthamattasseva bāhullena vibhaṅge niddeso dissati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Santā</span>ti <a name="M1.0368"></a> samaṃ nirodhaṃ gatā. <span class="bld">Samitā</span>ti bhāvanāya samaṃ gamitā nirodhitā. <span class="bld">Vūpasantā</span>ti tato eva suṭṭhu upasantā. <span class="bld">Atthaṅgatā</span>ti atthaṃ vināsaṃ gatā. <span class="bld">Abbhatthaṅgatā</span>ti upasaggena padaṃ vaḍḍhetvā vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Appitā</span>ti gamitā vināsaṃ gatā. <span class="bld">Sositā</span>ti pavattisaṅkhātassa santānassa abhāvena sosaṃ sukkhabhāvaṃ gatā. <span class="bld">Byantīkatā</span>ti vigatantā katā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ayamattho</span>ti bhāvanāya pahīnattā vitakkavicārānaṃ abhāvasaṅkhāto attho. Codakena vuttamatthaṃ sampaṭicchitvā pariharituṃ <span class="bld">‘‘evametaṃ siddhovāyamattho’’</span>ti vatvā <span class="bld">‘‘na paneta’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">eta</span>nti ‘‘vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā’’ti etaṃ vacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Tadatthadīpaka</span>nti tassa vitakkavicārābhāvamattasaṅkhātassa atthassa dīpakaṃ. <span class="bld">Na kilesakālussiyassā</span>ti upacārakkhaṇe viya nīvaraṇasaṅkhātassa kilesasaṅkhobhassa vūpasamā na sampasādananti attho. Nanu ca <span class="bld">‘‘purimaṃ vatvāpi vattabbamevā’’</span>ti idaṃ kasmā vuttaṃ. Tathā hi dutiyajjhānādiadhigamūpāyadīpakena ajjhattaṃ sampasādanatāya cetaso ekodibhāvatāya ca hetudīpakena avitakkaavicārabhāvahetudīpakena ca vitakkavicāravūpasamavacaneneva vitakkavicārābhāvo dīpitoti, kiṃ puna avitakkaavicāravacanena katenāti? Na, adīpitattā. Na hi vitakkavicāravūpasamavacanena vitakkavicārānaṃ appavatti vuttā hoti. Vitakkavicāresu hi taṇhāppahānaṃ etesaṃ vūpasamanaṃ. Oḷārikaṅgamukhena hi taṃtaṃjhānanikantiyā vikkhambhanaṃ vitakkavicāravūpasamavacanādīhi pakāsitaṃ. Yato vitakkavicāresu virattabhāvadīpakaṃ vitakkavicāravūpasamavacanaṃ, ye ca saṅkhāresu taṇhāppahānaṃ karonti, tesu maggesu pahīnataṇhesu ca phalesu saṅkhārappavatti hoti, evamidhāpi vikkhambhitavitakkavicārataṇhassa dutiyajjhānassa vitakkavicārasampayogo purimena na nivārito siyāti tannivāraṇatthaṃ āvajjitukāmatādiatikkamo ca tesaṃ vūpasamoti dassanatthañca <span class="bld">‘‘avitakkaṃ avicāra’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Paṭhamajjhānaṃ dutiyajjhānassa upanissayapaccayena paccayo hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘paṭhamajjhānasamādhito’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Paṭhamampī</span>ti paṭhamajjhānampi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Gaṇanānupubbato</span>tiādi heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Etthāpi ‘‘dutiyaṃ uppannantipi dutiya’’nti vattuṃ vaṭṭatiyeva. Vuttamevatthaṃ vibhaṅgapāṭhena sādhento āha <span class="bld">‘‘yathāhā’’</span>tiādi. Yaṃ pana <span class="bld">vibhaṅge</span> (vibha. 580) ‘‘jhānanti sampasādo <a name="M1.0369"></a> pīti sukhaṃ cittassekaggatā’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ <a name="V1.0323"></a> saparikkhāraṃ jhānaṃ dassetuṃ pariyāyena vuttaṃ. Rathassa paṇḍukambalaṃ viya hi sampasādo jhānassa parikkhāro, na jhānaṅganti āha <span class="bld">‘‘pariyāyoyeva ceso’’</span>ti. Nippariyāyato pana upanijjhānalakkhaṇappattānaṃ aṅgānaṃ vasena tivaṅgikamevetaṃ hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sampasādanaṃ pana ṭhapetvā’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="centered">Dutiyajjhānakathā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Tatiyajjhānakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Virajjanaṃ virāgo. Taṃ pana virajjanaṃ nibbindanamukhena hīḷanaṃ vā tappaṭibaddharāgappahānaṃ vāti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tassā pītiyā jigucchanaṃ vā samatikkamo vā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ubhinnamantarā</span>ti pītiyā virāgāti imesaṃ dvinnaṃ padānaṃ antarā, majjheti attho. <span class="bld">Sampiṇḍanaṃ</span> samuccayo. <span class="bld">Maggo</span>ti upāyo. Dutiyajjhānassa hi paṭilābhaṃ vinā tatiyajjhānassa adhigamo na hotīti vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamo tatiyajjhānādhigamassa upāyo. <span class="bld">Tadadhigamāyā</span>ti tatiyamaggādhigamāya.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Upapattito</span>ti samavāhitabhāvena patirūpato jhānupekkhāpi samavāhitameva antonītaṃ katvā pavattatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘samaṃ passatī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Visadāyā</span>ti saṃkilesavigamena paribyattāya. <span class="bld">Vipulāyā</span>ti sātisayaṃ mahaggatabhāvappattito mahatiyā. <span class="bld">Thāmagatāyā</span>ti pītivigamena thirabhāvappattāya. Nanu cettha upekkhāvedanāva na sambhavati, tasmā kathamayaṃ tatiyajjhānasamaṅgī upekkhāya samannāgatattā ‘‘upekkhako’’ti vuccatīti ce? Na kevalaṃ vedanupekkhāva upekkhāti vuccati, atha kho aññāpi upekkhā vijjantīti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘upekkhā pana dasavidhā hotī’’</span>tiādi. Tattha (dha. sa. aṭṭha. 163; visuddhi. 1.84) ‘‘idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno’’ti (a. ni. 6.1) evamāgatā khīṇāsavassa chasu dvāresu iṭṭhāniṭṭhachaḷārammaṇāpāthe parisuddhapakatibhāvāvijahanākārabhūtā upekkhā <span class="bld">chaḷaṅgupekkhā</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā <a name="M1.0370"></a> pana ‘‘upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharatī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.308) evamāgatā sattesu majjhattākārabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">brahmavihārupekkhā</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā <a name="V1.0324"></a> ‘‘upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti vivekanissita’’nti (ma. ni. 1.27; saṃ. ni. 5.182, 190-191) evamāgatā sahajātadhammānaṃ majjhattākārabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">bojjhaṅgupekkhā</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā pana ‘‘kālena kālaṃ upekkhānimittaṃ manasi karotī’’ti (a. ni. 3.103) evamāgatā anaccāraddhanātisithilavīriyasaṅkhātā upekkhā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">vīriyupekkhā</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Kati saṅkhārupekkhā samathavasena uppajjanti, kati saṅkhārupekkhā vipassanāvasena uppajjanti? Aṭṭha saṅkhārupekkhā samathavasena uppajjanti, dasa saṅkhārupekkhā vipassanāvasena uppajjanti.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Katamā aṭṭha saṅkhārupekkhā samathavasena uppajjanti? Paṭhamajjhānapaṭilābhatthāya nīvaraṇe paṭisaṅkhā santiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇaṃ, dutiyajjhānapaṭilābhatthāya vitakkavicāre paṭisaṅkhā santiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇaṃ, tatiyajjhānapaṭilābhatthāya pītiṃ paṭisaṅkhā santiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇaṃ, catutthajjhānapaṭilābhatthāya sukhadukkhe paṭisaṅkhā santiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇaṃ, ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattipaṭilābhatthāya rūpasaññaṃ paṭighasaññaṃ nānattasaññaṃ paṭisaṅkhā santiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇaṃ, viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattipaṭilābhatthāya ākāsānañcāyatanasaññaṃ paṭisaṅkhā santiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇaṃ, ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattipaṭilābhatthāya viññāṇañcāyatanasaññaṃ paṭisaṅkhā santiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇaṃ, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattipaṭilābhatthāya ākiñcaññāyatanasaññaṃ paṭisaṅkhā santiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇaṃ, imā aṭṭha saṅkhārupekkhā samathavasena uppajjanti.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Katamā <a name="M1.0371"></a> dasa saṅkhārupekkhā vipassanāvasena uppajjanti? Sotāpattimaggapaṭilābhatthāya uppādaṃ pavattaṃ nimittaṃ āyūhanaṃ paṭisandhiṃ gatiṃ nibbattiṃ upapattiṃ jātiṃ jaraṃ byādhiṃ maraṇaṃ sokaṃ paridevaṃ upāyāsaṃ paṭisaṅkhā santiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇaṃ, sotāpattiphalasamāpattatthāya uppādaṃ pavattaṃ nimittaṃ āyūhanaṃ paṭisandhiṃ <a name="V1.0325"></a> paṭisaṅkhā santiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇaṃ, sakadāgāmimaggapaalābhatthāya…pe… sakadāgāmiphalasamāpattatthāya…pe… anāgāmimaggapaṭilābhatthāya…pe… anāgāmiphalasamāpattatthāya…pe… arahattamaggapaṭilābhatthāya uppādaṃ pavattaṃ nimittaṃ āyūhanaṃ paṭisandhiṃ gatiṃ nibbattiṃ upapattiṃ jātiṃ jaraṃ byādhiṃ maraṇaṃ sokaṃ paridevaṃ upāyāsaṃ paṭisaṅkhā santiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇaṃ, arahattaphalasamāpattatthāya…pe… suññatavihārasamāpattatthāya…pe… animittavihārasamaāpattatthāya uppādaṃ pavattaṃ nimittaṃ āyūhanaṃ paṭisandhiṃ paṭisaṅkhā santiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇaṃ, imā dasa saṅkhārupekkhā vipassanāvasena uppajjantī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.57) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamāgatā nīvaraṇādipaṭisaṅkhāsantiṭṭhanākārabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">saṅkhārupekkhā</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">nīvaraṇe paṭisaṅkhā</span>ti pañca nīvaraṇāni pahātabbabhāvena paṭisaṅkhāya, pariggahetvāti attho. <span class="bld">Santiṭṭhanā</span>ti nīvaraṇānaṃ pahānābhimukhībhūtattā tesaṃ pahānepi abyāpārabhāvūpagamanena majjhattatāya santiṭṭhanā. <span class="bld">Saṅkhārupekkhāsū</span>ti nīvaraṇappahāne byāpārākaraṇena nīvaraṇasaṅkhātānaṃ saṅkhārānaṃ upekkhanāsūti attho. Esa nayo <span class="bld">vitakkavicārā</span>dīsu <span class="bld">uppādā</span>dīsu ca. Tattha <span class="bld">uppāda</span>nti purimakammapaccayā khandhānaṃ idha uppattimāha. <span class="bld">Pavatta</span>nti tathāuppannassa pavattiṃ. <span class="bld">Nimitta</span>nti sabbampi tebhūmakaṃ saṅkhāragataṃ nimittabhāvena upaṭṭhānato. <span class="bld">Āyūhana</span>nti āyatiṃ paṭisandhihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ. <span class="bld">Paṭisandhi</span>nti āyatiṃ upapattiṃ. <span class="bld">Gati</span>nti yāya gatiyā sā paṭisandhi hoti. <span class="bld">Nibbatti</span>nti khandhānaṃ nibbattanaṃ. <span class="bld">Upapatti</span>nti vipākappavattiṃ. <span class="bld">Jāti</span>nti jarādīnaṃ paccayabhūtaṃ bhavapaccayā jātiṃ. <span class="bld">Jarāmaraṇā</span>dayo pākaṭā eva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha <a name="M1.0372"></a> ca uppādādayo pañceva saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇassa visayavasena vuttā, sesā tesaṃ vevacanavasena. Nibbatti jātīti idañhi dvayaṃ uppādassa ceva paṭisandhiyā ca vevacanaṃ. Gati upapatti cāti idaṃ dvayaṃ pavattassa, jarādayo nimittassāti veditabbaṃ. Nanu cettha catūsu maggavāresu ‘‘uppāda’’ntiādīni pañca mūlapadāni, ‘‘gatī’’tiādīni dasa vevacanapadānīti pannarasa padāni vuttāni, chasu pana phalasamāpattivāresu pañca mūlapadāneva vuttāni, taṃ kasmāti ce? Saṅkhārupekkhāya tikkhabhāve sati kilesappahānasamatthassa maggassa sabbhāvato tassā tikkhabhāvadassanatthaṃ vevacanapadehi saha daḷhaṃ katvā mūlapadāni vuttāni, phalassa <a name="V1.0326"></a> nirussāhabhāvena santasabhāvattā maggāyattattā ca mandabhūtāpi saṅkhārupekkhā phalassa paccayo hotīti dassanatthaṃ mūlapadāneva vuttānīti veditabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha ‘‘sotāpattimaggapaṭilābhatthāyā’’tiādīsu catūsu maggavāresu suññatānimittappaṇihitamaggānaṃ aññataro vutto. ‘‘Sotāpattiphalasamāpattatthāyā’’tiādīsu catūsu phalavāresu pana appaṇihitaphalasamāpatti veditabbā. Kasmā? Suññatavihārasamāpattatthāya animittavihārasamāpattatthāyāti itarāsaṃ dvinnaṃ phalasamāpattīnaṃ visuṃ vuttattā. Aniccānupassanāvuṭṭhānavasena hi animittamaggo, tatheva phalasamāpattikāle animittaphalasamāpatti, dukkhānupassanāvuṭṭhānavasena appaṇihitamaggaphalasamāpattiyo, anattānupassanāvuṭṭhānavasaena suññatamaggaphalasamāpattiyo suttantanayena veditabbā. Evañca katvā suññatādivimokkhavasena magguppattihetubhūtā catasso, tathā appaṇihitaphalasamāpattiyā catasso, suññatavihāraanimittavihāravasena dveti dasa saṅkhārupekkhāvipassanāpaññā vuttā, samathasaṅkhārupekkhā pana appanāvīthiyā āsannapubbabhāge balappattaṃ bhāvanāmayañāṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā pana ‘‘yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti upekkhāsahagata’’nti (dha. sa. 150) evamāgatā adukkhamasukhasaññitā upekkhā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">vedanupekkhā</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā ‘‘yadatthi yaṃ bhūtaṃ, taṃ pajahati, upekkhaṃ paṭilabhatī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.71; a. ni. 7.55) evamāgatā vicinane majjhattabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">vipassanupekkhā</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M1.0373"></a> <span class="bld">yadatthi yaṃ bhūta</span>nti khandhapañcakaṃ, taṃ muñcitukamyatāñāṇena pajahati. <span class="bld">Upekkhaṃ paṭilabhatī</span>ti diṭṭhasovattikattayassa sappassa lakkhaṇavicinane viya diṭṭhalakkhaṇattayassa khandhapañcakassa saṅkhāralakkhaṇavicinane upekkhaṃ paṭilabhatīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā pana chandādīsu yevāpanakesu āgatā sahajātānaṃ samappavattihetubhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">tatramajjhattupekkhā</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā ‘‘upekkhako ca viharatī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.230; dha. sa. 163) evamāgatā aggasukhepi tasmiṃ apakkhapātajananī upekkhā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">jhānupekkhā</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā <a name="V1.0327"></a> pana ‘‘upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhāna’’nti (dī. ni. 1.232; dha. sa. 165) evamāgatā sabbapaccanīkaparisuddhā paccanīkavūpasamanepi abyāpārabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">pārisuddhupekkhā</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha chaḷaṅgupekkhā ca brahmavihārupekkhā ca bojjhaṅgupekkhā ca tatramajjhattupekkhā ca jhānupekkhā ca pārisuddhupekkhā ca atthato ekā tatramajjhattupekkhāva hoti. Tena tena avatthābhedena panassā ayaṃ bhedo ekassapi sato sattassa kumārayuvatherasenāpatirājādivasena bhedo viya. Tasmā tāsu yattha chaḷaṅgupekkhā, na tattha bojjhaṅgupekkhādayo. Yattha vā pana bojjhaṅgupekkhā, na tattha chaḷaṅgupekkhādayo hontīti veditabbā. Yathā cetāsaṃ atthato ekībhāvo, evaṃ saṅkhārupekkhāvipassanupekkhānampi. Paññā eva hi sā kiccavasena dvidhā bhinnā. Yathā hi purisassa sāyaṃ gehaṃ paviṭṭhaṃ sappaṃ ajapadadaṇḍaṃ gahetvā pariyesamānassa taṃ thusakoṭṭhake nipannaṃ disvā ‘‘sappo nu kho, no’’ti avalokentassa sovattikattayaṃ disvā nibbematikassa ‘‘sappo, na sappo’’ti vicinane majjhattatā hoti, evameva yā āraddhavipassakassa vipassanāñāṇena lakkhaṇattaye diṭṭhe saṅkhārānaṃ aniccabhāvādivicinane majjhattatā uppajjati, ayaṃ <span class="bld">vipassanupekkhā</span>. Yathā pana tassa purisassa ajapadena daṇḍena gāḷhaṃ sappaṃ gahetvā ‘‘kintāhaṃ imaṃ sappaṃ aviheṭhento attānañca iminā aḍaṃsāpento muñceyya’’nti muñcanākārameva pariyesato gahaṇe majjhattatā hoti, evameva yā lakkhaṇattayassa diṭṭhattā āditte viya tayo bhave passato saṅkhāraggahaṇe <a name="M1.0374"></a> majjhattatā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">saṅkhārupekkhā</span>. Iti vipassanupekkhāya siddhāya saṅkhārupekkhāpi siddhāva hoti. Iminā panesā vicinanagahaṇesu majjhattasaṅkhātena kiccena dvidhā bhinnā. Vīriyupekkhā pana vedanupekkhā ca aññamaññañca avasesāhi ca atthato bhinnā evāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imāsaṃ pana dasannampi upekkhānaṃ bhūmipuggalādivasena vibhāgo tattha tattha vuttanayeneva veditabboti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘evamayaṃ dasavidhāpī’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">bhūmipuggalacittārammaṇato</span>ti ‘‘chaḷaṅgupekkhā kāmāvacarā, brahmavihārupekkhā rūpāvacarā’’ti evamādinā <span class="bld">bhūmito</span>. ‘‘Chaḷaṅgupekkhā khīṇāsavasseva, brahmavihārupekkhā tiṇṇampi puthujjanasekkhāsekkhāna’’nti evamādinā <span class="bld">puggalato</span>. ‘‘Chaḷaṅgupekkhā somanassupekkhāsahagatacittasampayuttā’’tiādinā <span class="bld">cittato</span>. ‘‘Chaḷaṅgupekkhā chaḷārammaṇā, brahmavihārupekkhā dhammārammaṇā’’tiādinā <span class="bld">ārammaṇato</span>. <span class="bld">Khandhasaṅgahaekakkhaṇakusalattikasaṅkhepavasenā</span>ti ‘‘vedanupekkhā vedanākkhandhena saṅgahitā, itarā nava saṅkhārakkhandhenā’’ti <span class="bld">khandhasaṅgahavasena</span>. Chaḷaṅgupekkhā brahmavihārabojjhaṅgajhānapārisuddhitatramajjhattupekkhā <a name="V1.0328"></a> ca atthato ekā, tasmā ekakkhaṇe tāsu ekāya sati na itarā, tathā saṅkhārupekkhāvipassanupekkhāpi veditabbā, vedanāvīriyupekkhānaṃ ekakkhaṇe siyā uppattīti evaṃ <span class="bld">ekakkhaṇavasena</span>. Chaḷaṅgupekkhā abyākatā, brahmavihārupekkhā kusalābyākatā, tathā sesā, vedanupekkhā pana siyā akusalāpīti evaṃ <span class="bld">kusalattikavasena</span>. Dasapetā saṅkhepato cattārova dhammā vīriyavedanātatramajjhattatāñāṇavasenāti evaṃ <span class="bld">saṅkhepavasena</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni idhādhippetāya jhānupekkhāya lakkhaṇādiṃ niddhāretvā dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘lakkhaṇādito panā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">anābhogarasā</span>ti paṇītasukhepi tasmiṃ avanatipaṭipakkhakiccāti attho. <span class="bld">Abyāpārapaccupaṭṭhānā</span>ti satipi sukhapāramippattiyaṃ tasmiṃ sukhe abyāvaṭā hutvā paccupatiṭṭhati, sampayuttānaṃ vā tattha abyāpāraṃ paccupaṭṭhapetīti attho. Sampayuttadhammānaṃ khobhaṃ uppilavañca āvahantehi vitakkādīhi abhibhūtattā aparibyattaṃ tattha tatramajjhattatāya kiccaṃ, tadabhāvato idha paribyattanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘aparibyattakiccato’’</span>ti. Tenevāha ‘‘aparibyattaṃ hī’’tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Idāni</span> <a name="M1.0375"></a> <span class="bld">sato ca sampajāno</span>ti ettha ‘‘vuccatī’’ti ajjhāharitabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Saratī</span>ti iminā ‘‘sato’’ti padassa kattusādhanatamāha. <span class="bld">Sampajānātī</span>ti sammadeva pajānāti. <span class="bld">Puggalenā</span>ti puggalādhiṭṭhānena. Saraṇaṃ cintanaṃ upaṭṭhānaṃ lakkhaṇametissāti <span class="bld">saraṇalakkhaṇā</span>. Sammussanapaṭipakkho asammussanaṃ kiccaṃ etissāti <span class="bld">asammussanarasā</span>. Kilesehi ārakkhā hutvā paccupatiṭṭhati, tato vā ārakkhaṃ paccupaṭṭhapetīti <span class="bld">ārakkhapaccupaṭṭhānā</span>. Asammuyhanaṃ sammadeva pajānanaṃ, sammohapaṭipakkho vā asammoho lakkhaṇametassāti <span class="bld">asammohalakkhaṇaṃ. Tīraṇaṃ</span> kiccassa pāragamanaṃ. <span class="bld">Pavicayo</span> vīmaṃsā. Kāmaṃ upacārajjhānādiṃ upādāya paṭhamadutiyajjhānānipi sukhumāneva, imaṃ pana uparimajjhānaṃ upādāya <span class="bld">‘‘oḷārikattā pana tesaṃ jhānāna’’</span>nti vuttaṃ, sā ca oḷārikatā vitakkādithūlaṅgatāya veditabbā. Keci ‘‘bahucetasikatāyā’’ti ca vadanti. <span class="bld">Bhūmiyaṃ viya purisassā</span>ti purisassa bhūmiyaṃ gati viyāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Gati sukhā hotī</span>ti tesu jhānesu gati sukhā hoti. <span class="bld">Abyattaṃ tattha satisampajaññakicca</span>nti ‘‘idaṃ nāma dukkaraṃ karīyatī’’ti vattabbassa abhāvato vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Oḷārikaṅgappahānena pana sukhumattā</span>ti ayamattho kāmaṃ dutiyajjhānepi sambhavati, tathāpi yebhuyyena avippayogībhāvena vattamānesu pītisukhesu pītisaṅkhātassa oḷārikaṅgassa pahānena sukhumatāya idha sātisayo satipaññābyāpāroti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘purisassā’’</span>tiādi. Dhenuṃ pivatīti <span class="bld">dhenupago,</span> dhenuyā khīraṃ pivantoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Punadeva pītiṃ upagaccheyyā</span>ti hānabhāgiyaṃ jhānaṃ siyā<a name="V1.0329"></a>, dutiyajjhānameva sampajjeyyāti attho. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘pītisampayuttameva siyā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Idañca atimadhuraṃ sukha</span>nti tatiyajjhāne sukhaṃ sandhāyāha, atimadhuratā cassa pahāsodagyasabhāvāya pītiyā abhāveneva veditabbā. <span class="bld">Ida</span>nti ‘‘sato sampajāno’’ti padadvayaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedesi</span>nti ettha kathamābhogena vinā sukhapaṭisaṃvedanāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘kiñcāpī’’</span>tiādi. Yasmā tassa nāmakāyena sampayuttaṃ sukhaṃ, tasmā etamatthaṃ dassento ‘‘sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedesi’’nti āhāti yojetabbaṃ. Ayaṃ panettha saṅkhepattho – ‘‘sukhaṃ vedayāmī’’ti evamābhoge asatipi nāmakāyena cetasikasukhaṃ, kāyikasukhaheturūpasamuṭṭhāpanena <a name="M1.0376"></a> kāyikasukhañca jhānasamaṅgī paṭisaṃvedetīti vuccatīti. <span class="bld">Tassā</span>ti jhānasamaṅgino. <span class="bld">Yaṃ vā ta</span>nti yaṃ vā taṃ yathāvuttaṃ nāmakāyasampayuttaṃ sukhaṃ. <span class="bld">Taṃsamuṭṭhānenā</span>ti tato samuṭṭhitena atipaṇītena rūpena assa jhānasamaṅgino rūpakāyo yasmā phuṭo, tasmā etamatthaṃ dassentoti sambandhitabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Yassā</span>ti rūpakāyassa. <span class="bld">Phuṭattā</span>ti byāpitattāti attho. Yathā hi udakena phuṭṭhasarīrassa tādise phoṭṭhabbe phuṭṭhe sukhaṃ uppajjati, evaṃ etehi jhānacittasamuṭṭhitehi rūpehi phuṭṭhasarīrassa. <span class="bld">Jhānā vuṭṭhitopī</span>ti jhānamhā vuṭṭhitopi. <span class="bld">Sukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeyyā</span>ti cittasamuṭṭhitarūpehi avasesatisamuṭṭhitarūpasaṅghaṭṭanena uppannakāyaviññāṇena kāyikaṃ sukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeyya. <span class="bld">Etamattha</span>nti vuttanayena cetasikakāyikasukhapaṭisaṃvedanasaṅkhātaṃ atthaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ya</span>nti hetuatthe nipāto, yasmāti attho. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘yaṃjhānahetū’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Ācikkhantī</span>tiādīni padāni kittanatthānīti adhippāyenāha <span class="bld">‘‘pasaṃsantīti adhippāyo’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Kintī</span>ti pasaṃsanākārapucchā. <span class="bld">Sukhapāramippatte</span>ti sukhassa paramaṃ pariyantaṃ patte. <span class="bld">Sukhābhisaṅgenā</span>ti sukhasmiṃ ālayena. Edisesu ṭhānesu satiggahaṇeneva sampajaññampi gahitaṃ hotīti idha pāḷiyaṃ satiyā eva gahitattā evaṃ upaṭṭhitassatitāya satimā icceva vuttaṃ, sampajānoti heṭṭhā vuttattā vā. <span class="bld">Asaṃkiliṭṭha</span>nti kilesehi asammissattā asaṃkiliṭṭhaṃ. Jhānakkhaṇe nippariyāyato cetasikasukhameva labbhatīti <span class="bld">‘‘sukhaṃ nāmakāyena paṭisaṃvedetī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Tatiyanti gaṇanānupubbato tatiya</span>ntiādi heṭṭhā vuttanayānusārena veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="centered">Tatiyajjhānakathā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Catutthajjhānakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Pubbevā’’</span>ti <a name="V1.0330"></a> vuttattā <span class="bld">‘‘kadā pana nesaṃ pahānaṃ hotī’’</span>ti codanaṃ samuṭṭhāpetvā āha <span class="bld">‘‘catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ upacārakkhaṇe’’</span>ti. Evaṃ veditabbanti sambandho. <span class="bld">Pahānakkamena avuttāna</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">pahānakkamo</span> nāma pahāyakadhammānaṃ uppattipaṭipāṭi. Tena pana vuccamāne ‘‘dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ sukhaṃ somanassa’’nti vattabbaṃ siyā, kasmā ito aññathā vacananti āha <span class="bld">‘‘indriyavibhaṅge’’</span>tiādi<a name="M1.0377"></a>. <span class="bld">Uddesakkamenā</span>ti ‘‘sukhindriyaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ somanassindriyaṃ domanassindriya’’nti evaṃ pavattauddesakkamena.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha kasmā jhānesveva nirodho vuttoti sambandho. <span class="bld">Kattha cuppannaṃ dukkhindriya</span>nti attano paccayehi uppannaṃ avikkhambhitaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ. <span class="bld">Kattha ca aparisesaṃ nirujjhatī</span>ti nirodhaṭṭhānaṃ nirodhakāraṇaṃ pucchati. Tena <span class="bld">katthā</span>ti pucchāya <span class="bld">etthā</span>ti vissajjanepi hetumhi bhummavacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Jhānānubhāvanimittañhi anuppajjantaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhatīti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Atisayanirodho</span> suṭṭhu pahānaṃ ujupaṭipakkhena vūpasamo. <span class="bld">Nirodho</span> pahānamattaṃ. <span class="bld">Nānāvajjane</span>ti yena āvajjanena appanāvīthi, tato bhinnāvajjane anekāvajjane vā. Appanāvīthiyañhi upacāro ekāvajjano, itaro anekāvajjano anekakkhattuṃ pavattanato. Visamanisajjāya uppannakilamatho <span class="bld">visamāsanupatāpo. Pītipharaṇenā</span>ti pītiyā pharaṇarasattā pītisamuṭṭhānānaṃ vā paṇītarūpānaṃ kāyassa byāpanato vuttaṃ. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘sabbo kāyo sukhokkanto hotī’’</span>ti. Paṇītarūpaphuṭṭhasarīrassa sukhokkantakāyattā kuto dukkhuppatti visamāsanupatāpādināti āha <span class="bld">‘‘paṭipakkhena avihatattā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Vitakkavicārapaccayepī</span>ti <span class="bld">pi</span>-saddo aṭṭhānappayutto, so ‘‘pahīnassā’’ti ettha ānetvā sambandhitabbo. <span class="bld">Pahīnassapi domanassindriyassā</span>ti idañca ‘‘siyā uppattī’’ti iminā sambandhitabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Eta</span>nti domanassindriyaṃ. ‘‘Uppajjatī’’ti iminā sambandho. ‘‘Tassa mayhaṃ aticiraṃ vitakkayato vicārayato kāyopi kilami, cittampi ūhaññī’’ti vacanato kāyacittakhedānaṃ vitakkavicārapaccayatā veditabbā. <span class="bld">Vitakkavicārabhāve</span>ti ettha ‘‘uppajjati domanassindriya’’nti ānetvā sambandhitabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Tatthassa siyā uppattī</span>ti tattha dutiyajjhānūpacāre assa pahīnassapi domanassindriyassa uppatti bhaveyya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca yadeke vadanti ‘‘tatthassa siyā uppattīti vadantena jhānalābhīnampi domanassuppatti atthīti dassitaṃ hoti, tena ca anīvaraṇasabhāvo lobho viya dosopi atthīti <a name="V1.0331"></a> dīpeti. Na hi dosena vinā domanassaṃ pavattati, na cettha paṭṭhānapāḷiyā virodho cintetabbo. Yasmā tattha parihīnajjhānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavattamānaṃ domanassaṃ dassitaṃ, aparihīnajjhānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā uppajjamānassa domanassassa asambhavato jhānalābhīnaṃ sabbaso domanassaṃ nuppajjatīti ca na sakkā <a name="M1.0378"></a> vattuṃ aṭṭhasamāpattilābhino api tassa uppannattā, na heva kho so parihīnajjhāno ahosī’’ti, taṃ ayuttaṃ anīvaraṇasabhāvassa domanassassa abhāvato. Yadi siyā, rūpārūpāvacarasattānampi uppajjeyya, na ca uppajjati. Tathā hi āruppe kāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ paṭicca thinamiddhanīvaraṇaṃ uddhaccanīvaraṇaṃ avijjānīvaraṇantiādīsu byāpādakukkuccanīvaraṇāni anuddhaṭāni, na cettha anīvaraṇatāpariyāyo kāmacchandādīnampi anīvaraṇānaṃyeva nīvaraṇasadisatāya nīvaraṇapariyāyassa vuttattā. Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘aṭṭhasamāpattilābhino api tassa uppannattā’’ti, tampi akāraṇaṃ uppajjamānena ca domanassena jhānato parihāyanato. Lahukena pana paccayena parihīnaṃ tādisā naṃ appakasireneva paṭipākatikaṃ karontīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. ‘‘Tatthassa siyā uppattī’’ti idaṃ pana parikappanavacanaṃ upacārakkhaṇe domanassassa appahīnabhāvadassanatthaṃ. Tathā hi vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘na tveva antoappanāya’’</span>nti. Yadi pana tadā domanassaṃ uppajjeyya, paṭhamajjhānampissa parihīnamevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Pahīnampi somanassindriyaṃ pīti viya na dūreti katvā <span class="bld">‘‘āsannattā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Nānāvajjanūpacāre pahīnampi pahānaṅgaṃ paṭipakkhena avihatattā antarantarā uppajjeyya vāti imamatthaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘appanāppattāyā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tādisāya āsevanāya icchitabbattā yathā maggavīthito pubbe dve tayo javanavārā sadisānupassanāva pavattanti, evamidhāpi appanāvārato pubbe dve tayo javanavārā upekkhāsahagatāva pavattantīti vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Samāharī</span>ti samānesi, saṅgahetvā abhāsīti attho. <span class="bld">Sukhumā</span>ti sukhadukkhāni viya anoḷārikattā avibhūtatāya sukhumā, tato eva anuminitabbasabhāvattā <span class="bld">dubbiññeyyā. Duṭṭhassā</span>ti duṭṭhapayogassa, duddamassāti attho. <span class="bld">Sakkā hoti esā gāhayitu</span>nti aññāpohananayena sakkā gāhayitunti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā</span>ti idameva catutthaṃ jhānaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Paccayadassanattha</span>nti adhigamassa upāyabhūtapaccayadassanatthaṃ. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘dukkhappahānādayo hi tassā paccayā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Dukkhappahānādayo</span>ti ca sopacārā paṭhamajjhānādayovettha adhippetā. <span class="bld">Pahīnāti vuttā</span>ti ‘‘pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā’’ti (ma. ni. 3.147; saṃ. ni. 5.1021) vuttattā. <span class="bld">Etā</span>ti sukhādayo vedanā. <span class="bld">Sukhaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0379"></a> <span class="bld">somanassassa paccayo</span>ti vasanagandhālepanapupphābharaṇasamālepanādinibbattaṃ kāyikasukhaṃ <a name="V1.0332"></a> somanassassa paccayo. ‘‘Sukhāya kho, āvuso visākha vedanāya, rāgānusayo anusetī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.465) vacanato āha <span class="bld">‘‘somanassaṃ rāgassa paccayo’’</span>ti. ‘‘Dukkhāya kho, āvuso visākha, vedanāya paṭighānusayo anusetī’’ti vacanato vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘domanassaṃ dosassa paccayo’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Sukhādighātenā</span>ti sukhādīnaṃ pahānena.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Adukkhamasukha</span>nti ettha na dukkhanti adukkhaṃ, dukkhavidūraṃ. Yasmā tattha dukkhaṃ natthi, tasmā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘dukkhābhāvenā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Asukha</span>nti etthāpi eseva nayo. <span class="bld">Etenā</span>ti dukkhasukhapaṭikkhepavacanena. <span class="bld">Paṭipakkhabhūta</span>nti idaṃ idha tatiyavedanāya dukkhādīnaṃ samatikkamavasena pattabbattā vuttaṃ, na kusalākusalānaṃ viya ujuvipaccanīkatāya. <span class="bld">Iṭṭhāniṭṭhaviparītānubhavanalakkhaṇā</span>ti iṭṭhāniṭṭhaviparītassa majjhattārammaṇassa, iṭṭhāniṭṭhaviparītaṃ vā majjhattākārena anubhavanalakkhaṇā. Tato eva <span class="bld">majjhattarasā. Avibhūtapaccupaṭṭhānā</span>ti sukhadukkhāni viya na vibhūtākārā piṭṭhipāsāṇe migagatamaggo viya tehi anumātabbāvibhūtākāropaṭṭhānā. Sukhanirodho nāma idha catutthajjhānūpacāro, so padaṭṭhānaṃ etissāti <span class="bld">sukhanirodhapadaṭṭhānā. Upekkhāsatipārisuddhi</span>nti purimapade uttarapadalopenetaṃ samāsapadanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘upekkhāya janitasatipārisuddhi’’</span>nti. Sabbapaccanīkadhammaparisuddhāya paccanīkasamanepi abyāvaṭāya pārisuddhupekkhāya vattamānāya catutthajjhāne sati sampahaṃsanapaññā viya suparisuddhā suvisadā ca hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘satiyā pārisuddhi, sā upekkhāya katā na aññenā’’</span>ti. Yadi tatramajjhattatā idha ‘‘upekkhā’’ti adhippetā, kathaṃ satiyeva pārisuddhāti vuttāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘na kevala’’</span>ntiādi. <span class="bld">Satisīsenā</span>ti satiṃ uttamaṅgaṃ katvā, padhānaṃ katvāti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamapi kasmā idheva sati ‘‘upekkhāsatipārisuddhī’’ti vuttāti anuyogaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘tattha kiñcāpī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha heṭṭhā tīsu jhānesu vijjamānāyapi tatramajjhattatāya paccanīkābhibhavanato sahāyapaccayavekallato ca apārisuddhi, tathā taṃsampayuttānaṃ tadabhāvato idha pārisuddhīti imamatthaṃ upamāvasena dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yathā panā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Sūriyappabhābhibhavā</span>ti sūriyappabhāya abhibhuyyamānattā. Atikkhatāya candalekhā <a name="M1.0380"></a> viya rattipi sommasabhāvā sabhāgāya rattiyameva ca candalekhā samujjalatīti sā tassā saṅgayhatīti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘sommabhāvena ca attano upakārakattena vā sabhāgāya rattiyā’’</span>ti āha. Sesamettha uttānatthameva.</p>
<p class="centered">Catutthajjhānakathā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pubbenivāsakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para12"></a><span class="paranum">12</span>. Rūpavirāgabhāvanāvasena <a name="V1.0333"></a> pavattaṃ catubbidhampi arūpajjhānaṃ catutthajjhānasaṅgahamevāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘cattāri jhānānī’’</span>ti. Yuttaṃ tāva cittekaggatā bhavokkamanatthatā viya vipassanāpādakatāpi catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ sādhāraṇāti tesaṃ vasena ‘‘cattāri jhānānī’’ti vacanaṃ, abhiññāpādakatā pana nirodhapādakatā ca catutthasseva jhānassa āveṇikā, sā kathaṃ catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ sādhāraṇā vuttāti? Paramparādhiṭṭhānabhāvato. Padaṭṭhānapadaṭṭhānampi hi padaṭṭhānantveva vuccati, kāraṇakāraṇampi kāraṇanti yathā ‘‘tiṇehi bhattaṃ siddha’’nti. Evañca katvā payojananiddese aṭṭhasamāpattiggahaṇaṃ samatthitaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Cittekaggatatthānī</span>ti ittasamādhatthāni, diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāratthānīti attho. Cittekaggatāsīsena hi diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāro vutto, sukkhavipassakakhīṇāsavavasena cetaṃ vuttaṃ. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘ekaggacittā sukhaṃ divasaṃ viharissāmā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Bhavokkamanatthānī</span>ti bhavesu nibbattiatthāni. Sattāhaṃ nirodhasamāpattiyā samāpajjanato āha <span class="bld">‘‘sattāhaṃ acittakā hutvā’’</span>ti. Kasmā pana sattāhameva nirodhaṃ samāpajjantīti? Tathākālaparicchedakaraṇato, tañca yebhuyyena āhārūpajīvīnaṃ sattānaṃ upādinnakappavattassa ekadivasaṃ bhuttāhārassa sattāhameva yāpanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kā (visuddhi. 2.867-868) panāyaṃ nirodhasamāpatti nāma, ke taṃ samāpajjanti, ke na samāpajjanti, kattha samāpajjanti, kasmā samāpajjanti, kathañcassā samāpajjanaṃ hotīti? Vuccate – tattha <span class="bld">kā panāyaṃ nirodhasamāpatti nāmā</span>ti yā anupubbanirodhavasena cittacetasikānaṃ dhammānaṃ appavatti. <span class="bld">Ke taṃ samāpajjanti</span><a name="M1.0381"></a>, <span class="bld">ke na samāpajjantī</span>ti sabbepi puthujjanasotāpannasakadāgāmino sukkhavipassakā ca anāgāmiarahanto na samāpajjanti, aṭṭhasamāpattilābhino pana anāgāmino khīṇāsavā ca samāpajjanti. <span class="bld">Kattha samāpajjantī</span>ti pañcavokārabhave. Kasmā? Anupubbasamāpattisabbhāvato. Catuvokārabhave pana paṭhamajjhānādīnaṃ uppattiyeva natthi, tasmā na sakkā tattha samāpajjituṃ. <span class="bld">Kasmā samāpajjantī</span>ti saṅkhārānaṃ pavattibhede ukkaṇṭhitvā ‘‘diṭṭhadhamme acittakā hutvā nirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ patvā sukhaṃ viharissāmā’’ti. <span class="bld">Kathañcassā samāpajjanaṃ hotī</span>ti samathavipassanāvasena ussakkitvā katapubbakiccassa nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ nirodhayato evamassā samāpajjanaṃ hoti. Yo hi samathavaseneva ussakkati, so nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiṃ patvā tiṭṭhati. Yopi vipassanāvaseneva ussakkati, so phalasamāpattiṃ patvā tiṭṭhati. Yo pana ubhayavaseneva ussakkitvā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ nirodheti, so taṃ samāpajjatīti ayamettha saṅkhepo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ <a name="V1.0334"></a> pana vitthāro – idha bhikkhu nirodhaṃ samāpajjitukāmo paṭhamajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya tattha saṅkhāre aniccato dukkhato anattato vipassati. Vipassanā ca panesā tividhā saṅkhārapariggaṇhanakavipassanā phalasamāpattivipassanā nirodhasamāpattivipassanāti. Tattha <span class="bld">saṅkhārapariggaṇhanakavipassanā</span> mandā vā tikkhā vā maggassa padaṭṭhānaṃ hotiyeva. <span class="bld">Phalasamāpattivipassanā</span> tikkhāva vaṭṭati maggabhāvanāsadisā. <span class="bld">Nirodhasamāpattivipassanā</span> pana nātimandanātitikkhā vaṭṭati, tasmā esa nātimandāya nātitikkhāya vipassanāya te saṅkhāre vipassati. Tato dutiyajjhānaṃ…pe… tato viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya tattha saṅkhāre tatheva vipassati. Atha ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya catubbidhaṃ pubbakiccaṃ karoti nānābaddhaavikopanaṃ saṅghapatimānanaṃ satthupakkosanaṃ addhānaparicchedanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">nānābaddhaavikopana</span>nti yaṃ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṃ ekābaddhaṃ na hoti, nānābaddhaṃ hutvā ṭhitaṃ pattacīvaraṃ vā mañcapīṭhaṃ vā nivāsagehaṃ vā aññaṃ vā pana yaṃ kiñci parikkhārajātaṃ, taṃ yathā na vikuppati, aggiudakavātacoraundūrādīnaṃ vasena na vinassati, evaṃ adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Tatridaṃ adhiṭṭhānavidhānaṃ <a name="M1.0382"></a> ‘‘idañcidañca imasmiṃ sattāhabbhantare mā agginā jhāyatu, mā udakena vuyhatu, mā vātena viddhaṃsatu, mā corehi harīyatu, mā undūrādīhi khajjatū’’ti. Evaṃ adhiṭṭhite taṃ sattāhaṃ tassa na koci parissayo hoti, anadhiṭṭhahato pana aggiādīhi nassati, idaṃ nānābaddhaavikopanaṃ nāma. Yaṃ pana ekābaddhaṃ hoti nivāsanapārupanaṃ vā nisinnāsanaṃ vā, tattha visuṃ adhiṭṭhānakiccaṃ natthi, samāpattiyeva naṃ rakkhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Saṅghapatimānana</span>nti bhikkhusaṅghassa patimānanaṃ udikkhanaṃ, yāva so bhikkhu āgacchati, tāva saṅghakammassa akaraṇanti attho. Ettha ca patimānanaṃ etassa na pubbakiccaṃ, patimānanāvajjanaṃ pana pubbakiccaṃ. Tasmā evaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ ‘‘sace mayi sattāhaṃ nirodhaṃ samāpajjitvā nisinne saṅgho apalokanakammādīsu kiñcideva kammaṃ kattukāmo hoti, yāva maṃ koci bhikkhu āgantvā na pakkosati, tāvadeva vuṭṭhahissāmī’’ti. Evaṃ katvā samāpanno hi tasmiṃ samaye vuṭṭhahatiyeva. Yo pana evaṃ na karoti, saṅgho ce sannipatitvā taṃ apassanto ‘‘asuko bhikkhu kuhi’’nti pucchitvā ‘‘nirodhaṃ samāpanno’’ti vutte kañci bhikkhuṃ peseti ‘‘taṃ pakkosāhī’’ti, athassa tena bhikkhunā savanūpacāre ṭhatvā ‘‘saṅgho taṃ āvuso patimānetī’’ti vuttamatteyeva vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti. Evaṃ garukā hi saṅghassa āṇā nāma, tasmā taṃ āvajjitvā yathā paṭhamameva vuṭṭhāti, evaṃ samāpajjitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Satthupakkosana</span>nti <a name="V1.0335"></a> idhāpi satthupakkosanāvajjanameva imassa pubbakiccaṃ, tasmā tampi evaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ. Sesaṃ purimanayeneva veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Addhānaparicchedo</span>ti jīvitaddhānassa paricchedo. Iminā bhikkhunā addhānaparicchedesu kusalena bhavitabbaṃ, ‘‘attano āyusaṅkhārā sattāhaṃ pavattissanti na pavattissantī’’ti āvajjitvāva samāpajjitabbaṃ. Sace hi sattāhabbhantare nirujjhanake āyusaṅkhāre anāvajjitvāva samāpajjati, tassa nirodhasamāpatti maraṇaṃ paṭibāhituṃ na sakkoti, antonirodhe maraṇassa natthitāya antarāva samāpattito vuṭṭhāti, tasmā etaṃ āvajjitvāva samāpajjitabbaṃ. Avasesañhi anāvajjitumpi vaṭṭati, idaṃ pana āvajjitabbamevāti vuttaṃ. So evaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya idaṃ pubbakiccaṃ katvā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpajjati, athekaṃ vā dve vā cittavāre atikkamitvā acittako hoti, nirodhaṃ phusati<a name="M1.0383"></a>. Kasmā panassa dvinnaṃ cittānaṃ upari cittāni na pavattantīti? Nirodhassa payogattā. Idañhi imassa bhikkhuno dve samathavipassanādhamme yuganaddhe katvā aṭṭhasamāpattiārohanaṃ anupubbanirodhassa payogo, na nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyāti nirodhassa payogattā dvinnaṃ cittānaṃ upari cittāni na pavattantīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā bodhisattena bodhimaṇḍupasaṅkamanato pubbepi carimabhave catutthajjhānaṃ nibbattitapubbaṃ, tadā pana taṃ nibbattitamattameva ahosi, na vipassanādipādakaṃ. Tasmā ‘‘bodhirukkhamūle nibbattita’’nti tato visesetvā vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Vipassanāpādaka</span>nti vipassanārambhe vipassanāya pādakaṃ. <span class="bld">Abhiññāpādaka</span>nti etthāpi eseva nayo. Buddhānañhi paṭhamārambhe eva pādakajjhānena payojanaṃ ahosi, na tato paraṃ uparimaggādhigamaphalasamāpattiabhiññāvaḷañjanādiatthaṃ. Abhisambodhisamadhigamato paṭṭhāya hi sabbaṃ ñāṇasamādhikiccaṃ ākaṅkhāmattapaṭibaddhamevāti. <span class="bld">Sabbakiccasādhaka</span>nti anupubbavihārādisabbakiccasādhakaṃ. <span class="bld">Sabbalokiyalokuttaraguṇadāyaka</span>nti ettha vipassanābhiññāpādakattā eva catutthassa jhānassa bhagavato sabbalokiyalokuttaraguṇadāyakatā veditabbā. Sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānañhi maggañāṇaṃ taṃpadaṭṭhānañca sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ abhisambodhi, tadadhigamasamakālameva ca bhagavato sabbe buddhaguṇā hatthagatā ahesuṃ, catutthajjhānasannissayo ca maggādhigamoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihāsi’’nti vatvā ‘‘so’’ti vuttattā āha <span class="bld">‘‘so aha’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Evaṃ samāhite</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">evaṃ</span>-saddo heṭṭhā jhānattayādhigamapaṭipāṭisiddhassa catutthajjhānasamādhānassa <a name="V1.0336"></a> nidassanatthoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘evanti catutthajjhānakkamanidassanameta’’</span>nti. Catutthajjhānassa tassa ca adhigamamaggassa nidassanaṃ, yena samādhānānukkamena catutthajjhānasamādhi laddho, tadubhayanidassananti attho. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘iminā…pe… vuttaṃ hotī’’</span>ti. Tattha <span class="bld">iminā kamenā</span>ti iminā paṭhamajjhānādhigamādinā kamena. Yadipi ‘‘eva’’nti idaṃ āgamanasamādhinā saddhiṃ catutthajjhānasamādhānaṃ dīpeti, satipārisuddhisamādhi eva pana iddhiyā adhiṭṭhānabhāvato padhānanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘catutthajjhānasamādhinā samāhite’’</span>ti. Sabbapaccanīkadhammupakkilesaparisuddhāya paccanīkasamanepi abyāvaṭāya pārisuddhupekkhāya vattamānāya <a name="M1.0384"></a> catutthajjhānaṃ taṃsampayuttā ca dhammā suparisuddhā suvisadā ca honti, satisīsena pana tattha desanā katāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘upekkhāsatipārisuddhibhāvena parisuddhe’’</span>ti, upekkhāya janitasatipārisuddhisambhavenāti attho. Parisuddhiyā eva paccayavisesena pavattiviseso pariyodātatā sudhantasuvaṇṇassa nighaṃsanena pabhassaratā viyāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘parisuddhattāyeva pariyodāte, pabhassareti vuttaṃ hotī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sukhādīnaṃ paccayānaṃ ghātenā</span>ti sukhasomanassānaṃ dukkhadomanassānañca yathākkamaṃ rāgadosapaccayānaṃ vikkhambhanena. ‘‘Sukhaṃ somanassassa paccayo, somanassaṃ rāgassa, dukkhaṃ domanassassa paccayo, domanassaṃ dosassā’’ti vuttaṃ. Yathā rāgādayo cetaso malāsucibhāvena ‘‘aṅgaṇānī’’ti vuccanti, evaṃ upagantvā kilesanaṭṭhena upakkilesāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘anaṅgaṇattā eva ca vigatupakkilese’’</span>ti. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘aṅgaṇena hi cittaṃ upakkilissatī’’</span>ti, vibādhīyati upatāpīyatīti attho. <span class="bld">Subhāvitattā</span>ti paguṇabhāvāpādanena suṭṭhu bhāvitattā. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘vasībhāvappatte’’</span>ti, āvajjanādinā pañcadhā cuddasavidhena vā paridamanena vasaṃ vattituṃ upagateti attho. <span class="bld">Vase vattamānañhi cittaṃ mudūti vuccatī</span>ti vase vattamānaṃ cittaṃ paguṇabhāvāpattiyā suparimadditaṃ viya cammaṃ suparikammakatā viya ca lākhā mudūti vuccati. <span class="bld">Kammakkhame</span>ti vikubbanādiiddhikammakkhame. <span class="bld">Tadubhaya</span>nti mudutākammaniyadvayaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nāha</span>ntiādīsu (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.1) <span class="bld">na</span>-kāro paṭisedhattho. <span class="bld">Aha</span>nti satthā attānaṃ niddisati. <span class="bld">Bhikkhave</span>ti bhikkhū ālapati. <span class="bld">Añña</span>nti idāni vuccamānacittato aññaṃ. <span class="bld">Ekadhammampī</span>ti ekampi sabhāvadhammaṃ. Na samanupassāmīti sambandho. Ayañhettha attho – ahaṃ, bhikkhave, sabbaññutaññāṇena olokentopi aññaṃ ekadhammampi na samanupassāmi, yaṃ vasībhāvāpādanena bhāvitaṃ tathā punappunaṃ karaṇena bahulīkataṃ evaṃ savisesamudubhāvappattiyā mudu <a name="V1.0337"></a> kammakkhamatāya kammaniyañca hoti yathā idaṃ cittanti. <span class="bld">Idaṃ citta</span>nti ca attano tesañca paccakkhatāya evamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā yathāvuttā parisuddhatādayo na vigacchanti, evaṃ subhāvitaṃ cittaṃ tattha avaṭṭhitaṃ idha ‘‘ṭhitaṃ āneñjappatta’’nti ca vuttanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘etesu parisuddhabhāvādīsu</span> <a name="M1.0385"></a> <span class="bld">ṭhitattā ṭhite, ṭhitattāyeva āneñjappatte’’</span>ti. Yathā mudukammaññatā vasībhāvappattiyā lakkhīyati, evaṃ vasībhāvappattipi mudukammaññatāhi lakkhīyatīti <span class="bld">‘‘mudukammaññabhāvena vā attano vase ṭhitattā ṭhite’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Yathā hi kāraṇena phalaṃ niddhārīyati, evaṃ phalenapi kāraṇaṃ niddhārīyatīti niccalabhāvena avaṭṭhānaṃ āneñjappattiyā ca sampayuttadhammesu thirabhāvena paṭipakkhehi akammaniyatāya ca sambhavataṃ saddhādibalānaṃ ānubhāvena hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘saddhādīhi pariggahitattā āneñjappatte’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni saṅkhepato vuttamevatthaṃ vivarituṃ <span class="bld">‘‘saddhāpariggahitaṃ hī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">saddhāpariggahita</span>nti evaṃ subhāvitaṃ vasībhāvappattaṃ cittaṃ ekaṃsena abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhiññāsacchikiriyāya saṃvattatīti evaṃ pavattāya saddhāya pariggahitaṃ yathāvuttasaddhābalena upatthambhitaṃ. <span class="bld">Assaddhiyenā</span>ti tappaṭipakkhena assaddhiyena hetunā. <span class="bld">Na iñjatī</span>ti na calati na kampati, aññadatthu uparivisesāvahabhāveneva tiṭṭhati. <span class="bld">Vīriyapariggahita</span>ntiādīsupi imināva nayena attho veditabbo. Ayaṃ pana viseso – <span class="bld">vīriyapariggahita</span>nti vasībhāvāpādanaparidamanasādhanena vīriyena upatthambhitaṃ. <span class="bld">Satipariggahita</span>nti yathāvutte bhāvanābahulīkāre asammosādikāya kusalānañca dhammānaṃ gatiyo samanvesamānāya satiyā upatthambhitaṃ. <span class="bld">Samādhipariggahita</span>nti tattheva avikkhepasādhanena samādhānena upatthambhitaṃ. <span class="bld">Paññāpariggahita</span>nti tassā eva bhāvanāya upakārānupakāradhammānaṃ pajānanalakkhaṇāya paññāya upatthambhitaṃ. <span class="bld">Obhāsagata</span>nti ñāṇobhāsasahagataṃ. Obhāsabhūtena hi yathāvuttasamādhānasaṃvaddhitena ñāṇena saṃkilesapakkhaṃ yāthāvato passanto tato utrāsanto ottappanto taṃ abhibhavati, na tena abhibhuyyati. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘kilesandhakārena na iñjatī’’</span>ti. Etena ñāṇapariggahitaṃ hirottappabalaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgata</span>nti catutthajjhānasamādhinā samāhitatā parisuddhatā pariyodātatā anaṅgaṇatā vigatupakkilesatā mudubhāvo kammaniyatā āneñjappattiyā ṭhitatāti imehi aṭṭhahi aṅgehi samannāgataṃ. Atha vā samāhitassa cittassa imāni aṅgānīti ‘‘samāhite’’ti imaṃ aṅgabhāvena aggahetvā ṭhitiāneñjappattiyo visuṃ gahetvā yathāvuttehi aṭṭhahi aṅgehi samannāgatanti <a name="M1.0386"></a> attho daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Abhinīhārakkhama</span>nti iddhividhādiatthaṃ <a name="V1.0338"></a> abhinīhārakkhamaṃ tadabhimukhakaraṇayoggaṃ. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhiññāsacchikiriyāyā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kāmaṃ nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhetvā eva paṭhamajjhānasamadhigamo, vitakkādivūpasamā eva ca dutiyajjhānādisamadhigamo, tathāpi na tathā te tehi dūrībhūtā, apetā vā yathā catutthajjhānato, tasmā cetaso malīnabhāvasaṅkhobhauppilābhāvakarehi nīvaraṇādīhi suṭṭhu vimuttiyā tassa parisuddhipariyodātatā ca vuttāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘nīvaraṇa…pe… pariyodāte’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Jhānapaṭilābhapaccanīkāna</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> ‘‘jhānapaṭilābhapaccayāna’’nti pāṭhaṃ gahetvā ‘‘jhānapaṭilābhapaccanīkāna’’nti ayaṃ pāṭho paṭikkhitto. Vuttañhi tena –</p>
<p class="indent"><span class="bld">‘‘Jhānapaṭilābhapaccayāna</span>nti jhānapaṭilābhahetukānaṃ jhānapaṭilābhaṃ nissāya uppajjanakānaṃ. <span class="bld">Pāpakāna</span>nti lāmakānaṃ. <span class="bld">Icchāvacarāna</span>nti icchāya avacarānaṃ icchāvasena otiṇṇānaṃ ‘aho vata mameva satthā paṭipucchitvā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammaṃ deseyyā’tiādinayappavattānaṃ mānamāyāsāṭheyyādīnaṃ. <span class="bld">Abhijjhādīna</span>nti <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddenapi tesaṃyeva saṅgaho. Abhijjhā cettha paṭhamajjhānena avikkhambhaneyyā mānādayo ca tadekaṭṭhā daṭṭhabbā jhānapaṭilābhapaccayānanti anuvattamānattā. Vikkhambhaneyyā pana nīvaraṇaggahaṇena gahitā. Kathaṃ pana paṭhamajjhānena avikkhambhaneyyā idha vigacchantīti? ‘Sabbe kusalā dhammā sabbākusalānaṃ paṭipakkhā’ti sallekhapaṭipattivasena evaṃ vuttaṃ jhānassa aparāmaṭṭhabhāvadassanato. Ye panettha ‘icchāvacarānaṃ abhijjhādīna’nti imehi padehi kopaappaccayakāmarāgabyāpādādayo gahitāti adhippāyena ‘jhānapaṭilābhapaccayāna’nti pāṭhaṃ paṭikkhipitvā ‘jhānapaṭilābhapaccanīkāna’nti pāṭhoti vadanti, taṃ tesaṃ matimattaṃ tathā pāṭhasseva abhāvato, jhānapaṭilābhapaccanīkā ca nīvaraṇā ceva tadekaṭṭhā ca, tesaṃ <a name="M1.0387"></a> dūrībhāvaṃ vatvā puna tesaṃyeva abhāvavigamacodanāya ayujjamānattā. Nanu ca anaṅgaṇasuttavatthasuttesu ayamattho labbhati oḷārikānaṃyeva pāpadhammānaṃ tattha adhippetattāti. Saccametaṃ, idha pana adhigatacatutthajjhānassa vasena vuttattā sukhumāyeva te gahitā, aṅgaṇupakkilesatāsāmaññena panettha suttānaṃ apadisanaṃ. Tathā hi ‘suttānusārenā’ti vuttaṃ, na pana suttavasenā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Avassañcetamevaṃ sampaṭicchitabbaṃ adhigatajjhānānampi kesañci icchāvacarānaṃ pavattisabbhāvatoti<a name="V1.0339"></a>. Teneva <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> ‘‘jhānapaṭilābhapaccayāna’’nti pāṭhaṃ gahetvā ‘‘jhānapaṭilābhapaccanīkāna’’nti ayaṃ pāṭho paṭikkhitto. <span class="bld">Mahāgaṇṭhipade</span> visuddhimaggassa <span class="bld">sīhaḷagaṇṭhipadepi</span> ca ‘‘jhānapaṭilābhapaccayāna’’nti imasseva pāṭhassa attho vutto, tasmā ayameva pāṭho gahetabbo, atthopi cettha yathāvuttanayeneva veditabbo. Tena ‘‘icchāvacarānanti icchāya avacarānaṃ icchāvasena otiṇṇānaṃ pavattānaṃ nānappakārānaṃ kopaappaccayānanti attho’’ti ayampi pāṭho ayuttoyevāti gahetabbaṃ, tatoyeva ca <span class="bld">visuddhimagge</span> ayaṃ pāṭho sabbena sabbaṃ na dassitoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Iddhipādakabhāvūpagamanenā</span>ti iddhiyā pādakabhāvassa padaṭṭhānabhāvassa upagamanena. <span class="bld">Bhāvanāpāripūriyā</span>ti ito paraṃ kattabbassa abhāvavasena abhinīhārakkhamabhāvanāya paripuṇṇattā. <span class="bld">Paṇītabhāvūpagamanenā</span>ti tato eva padhānabhāvaṃ nītatāya uttamaṭṭhena atittikaraṭṭhena ca paṇītabhāvassa upagamanena. Ubhayañcetaṃ bhāvanāya ṭhitiyā kāraṇavacanaṃ, paripuṇṇāya bhāvanāya paṇītabhāvappattiyā ṭhiteti. <span class="bld">Āneñjappatte</span>ti idaṃ ṭhitiyā visesanaṃ. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘yathā āneñjappattaṃ hoti, evaṃ ṭhite’’</span>ti. Imasmiṃ pakkhe ‘‘ṭhite āneñjappatte’’ti ubhayamekaṃ aṅgaṃ, ‘‘samāhite’’ti pana idampi ekamaṅgaṃ. Tenevassa paṭhamavikappato visesaṃ sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘evampi aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgata’’</span>nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, tassa vā anussaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">pubbenivāsānussati</span> taṃnissayādipaccayabhūtaṃ paṭicca uppajjanato. <span class="bld">Pubbenivāsānussatimhi yaṃ ñāṇaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0388"></a> <span class="bld">tadatthāyā</span>ti saṅkhepena vuttamatthaṃ vivaranto pubbenivāsaṃ tāva dassetvā tattha satiñāṇāni dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘pubbenivāso’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha ‘‘pubbe’’ti idaṃ padaṃ ‘‘ekampi jāti’’ntiādivacanato atītabhavavisayaṃ idhādhippetanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘atītajātīsū’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Nivāsa</span>saddo kammasādhano, khandhavinimutto ca nivasitadhammo natthīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘nivutthakkhandhā’’</span>ti. Nivutthatā cettha santāne pavattatā, tathābhūtā ca te anu anu bhūtā jātā pavattā, tattha uppajjitvā vigatā ca hontīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘nivutthāti ajjhāvutthā anubhūtā attano santāne uppajjitvā niruddhā’’</span>ti. Evaṃ sasantatipariyāpannadhammavasena nivāsasaddassa atthaṃ vatvā idāni avisesena vattuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘nivutthadhammā vā nivutthā’’</span>ti vatvā taṃ vivarituṃ <span class="bld">‘‘gocaranivāsenā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Gocarabhūtāpi hi gocarāsevanāya āsevitā ārammaṇakaraṇavasena anubhūtā nivutthā nāma honti. Te pana duvidhā saparaviññāṇagocaratāyāti ubhayepi te dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘attano’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">‘‘attano viññāṇena viññātā’’</span>ti vatvā <span class="bld">‘‘paricchinnā’’</span>ti vacanaṃ ye te gocaranivāsena <a name="V1.0340"></a> nivutthadhammā, na te kevalaṃ viññāṇena viññātamattā, atha kho yathā pubbe nāmagottavaṇṇaliṅgāhārādīhi visesehi paricchedakārikāya paññāya paricchijja gahitā, tathevetaṃ ñāṇaṃ paricchijja gaṇhātīti imassa atthassa dīpanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Paraviññāṇaviññātāpi vā nivutthāti sambandho. Na kevalaṃ attanova viññāṇena, atha kho paresaṃ viññāṇena viññātāpīti attho. Idhāpi ‘‘paricchinnā’’ti padaṃ ānetvā sambandhitabbaṃ, paresampi vā viññāṇena viññātā paricchinnāti. Tassa ca gahaṇe payojanaṃ vuttanayeneva vattabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Te ca kho yasmā atītāsu eva jātīsu aññehi viññātā paricchinnā, te ca parinibbutāpi honti, yehi te viññātā, tesaṃ tadā vattamānasantānānusārena tesampi atīte pavatti viññāyatīti sikhāppattaṃ pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇassa visayabhūtaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘chinnavaṭumakānussaraṇādīsū’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Chinnavaṭumakā sammāsambuddhā, tesaṃ anussaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">chinnavaṭumakānussaraṇaṃ</span>. ‘‘Ādisaddena paccekabuddhabuddhasāvakānussaraṇāni gayhantī’’ti keci vadanti. Chinnavaṭumakā pana sabbeva anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbutā chinnasaṃsāramaggattā, tesaṃ anussaraṇaṃ nāma tesaṃ paṭipattiyā anussaraṇaṃ. Sā pana paṭipatti saṅkhepato <a name="M1.0389"></a> chaḷārammaṇaggahaṇalakkhaṇāti tāni idha paraviññāṇaviññātaggahaṇena gahitāni. Tasmā purimāsu jātīsu attano viññāṇena aviññātānaṃ parinibbutānaṃ sabbesampi buddhapaccekabuddhasāvakānaṃ anussaraṇaṃ chinnavaṭumakānussaraṇanti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena panettha purimāsu jātīsu attano viññāṇena aviññātānaṃ aparinibbutānampi vattamānakkhandhapaṭipāṭiyā agantvā sīhokkantikavasena anussaraṇaṃ gahitaṃ, ime pana yathāvuttachinnavaṭumakānussaraṇādayo buddhānaṃyeva labbhanti. Na hi atīte buddhā bhagavanto evaṃ vipassiṃsu, evaṃ maggaṃ bhāvesuṃ, phalanibbānāni sacchākaṃsu, evaṃ veneyye vinesunti ettha sabbathā aññesaṃ ñāṇassa gati atthīti. Ye pana purimāsu jātīsu attanova viññāṇena viññātā, te parinibbutepi khandhapaṭibaddhattā sāvakā anussarantiyeva. Yāya satiyā pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, sā pubbenivāsānussatīti ānetvā sambandhitabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Abhinīhari</span>nti cittaṃ jhānārammaṇato apanetvā pubbenivāsābhimukhaṃ pesesiṃ, pubbenivāsaninnaṃ pubbenivāsapoṇaṃ pubbenivāsapabbhāraṃ akāsinti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘abhininnāmesi’’nti uttamapurisappayogattā ‘‘so’’ti ettha ahaṃsaddo ānetvā vuccamāno tadattho pākaṭo hotīti <span class="bld">‘‘so aha’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Anekavidha</span>nti nānābhavayonigativiññāṇaṭṭhitisattāvāsādivasena bahuvidhaṃ. <span class="bld">Pakārehī</span>ti nāmagottādiākārehi saddhiṃ. Sahayoge <a name="V1.0341"></a> cetaṃ karaṇavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Pavattita</span>nti desanāvasena pavattitaṃ. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘saṃvaṇṇita’’</span>nti, vitthāritanti attho. <span class="bld">Nivāsa</span>nti antogadhabhedasāmaññavacanametanti te bhede byāpanicchāvasena saṅgahetvā dassento <span class="bld">‘‘tattha tattha nivutthasantāna’’</span>nti āha. <span class="bld">Anugantvā anugantvā</span>ti ñāṇagatiyā anugantvā anugantvā. <span class="bld">Anudevā</span>ti anu eva, da-kāro padasandhivasena āgato. ‘‘Abhininnāmesi’’nti vatvā ‘‘anussarāmī’’ti vuttattā cittassa abhinīhārasamanantarabhāvasaraṇaṃ anusaddo dīpetīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘citte abhininnāmitamatte eva sarāmīti dassetī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Parikammaṃ vattabbaṃ siyā</span>ti ‘‘pubbenivāsaṃ anussaritukāmena ādikammikena bhikkhunā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantena rahogatena paṭisallīnena paṭipāṭiyā cattāri jhānāni samāpajjitvā abhiññāpādakacatutthajjhānato vuṭṭhāya sabbapacchimā nisajjā āvajjitabbā’’ti evamādinā pubbenivāsañāṇassa parikammabhūtaṃ pubbakaraṇaṃ vattabbaṃ bhaveyya.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Āraddhappakāradassanatthe</span>ti <a name="M1.0390"></a> anussarituṃ āraddhassa pubbenivāsassa pabhedadassanatthe. <span class="bld">Ekampi jāti</span>nti ekampi bhavaṃ. So hi ekakammanibbatto ādānanikkhepaparicchinno antogadhadhammappabhedo khandhappabandho idha ‘‘jātī’’ti adhippeto jāyatīti jātīti katvā. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘ekampi…pe… khandhasantāna’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Parihāyamāno</span>ti khīyamāno vinassamāno. <span class="bld">Kappo</span>ti asaṅkhyeyyakappo. So pana atthato kālo, tadā pavattamānasaṅkhāravasenassa parihāni veditabbā. <span class="bld">Vaḍḍhamāno vivaṭṭakappo</span>ti etthāpi eseva nayo. Yo pana ‘‘kālaṃ khepeti, kālo ghasati bhūtāni, sabbāneva sahattanā’’ti (jā. 1.2.190) ādīsu kālassapi khayo vuccati, so idha nādhippeto aniṭṭhappasaṅgato. Saṃvaṭṭanaṃ vinassanaṃ saṃvaṭṭo, saṃvaṭṭato uddhaṃ tathāṭhāyī <span class="bld">saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyī</span>. <span class="bld">Tammūlakattā</span>ti taṃpubbakattā. Vivaṭṭanaṃ nibbattanaṃ, vaḍḍhanaṃ vā <span class="bld">vivaṭṭo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tejena saṃvaṭṭo <span class="bld">tejosaṃvaṭṭo</span>. <span class="bld">Saṃvaṭṭasīmā</span>ti saṃvaṭṭanamariyādā. <span class="bld">Saṃvaṭṭatī</span>ti vinassati. <span class="bld">Sadā</span>ti sabbakālaṃ, tīsupi saṃvaṭṭakālesūti attho. <span class="bld">Ekaṃ buddhakkhetta</span>nti idha yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, taṃ niyametvā dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘buddhakkhettaṃ nāma tividha’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ. Yattake ṭhāne tathāgatassa paṭisandhiñāṇādiñāṇānubhāvo puññaphalasamuttejito saraseneva parijambhati, taṃ sabbampi buddhaṅkurassa nibbattanakkhettaṃ nāmāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘jātikkhettaṃ dasasahassacakkavāḷapariyanta’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Ānubhāvo pavattatī</span>ti idha iddhimā cetovasippatto āṇākkhettapariyāpanne yattha katthaci cakkavāḷe ṭhatvā attano atthāya parittaṃ katvā tattheva aññaṃ cakkavāḷaṃ gatopi kataparitto eva hotīti katvā vuttaṃ. Atha vā tattha ekasmiṃ cakkavāḷe ṭhatvā sabbasattānaṃ atthāya paritte kate āṇākkhette sabbasattānaṃ abhisambhuṇātveva parittānubhāvo tattha devatāhi parittānaṃ <a name="V1.0342"></a> sampaṭicchitabbatoti vuttaṃ ‘‘ānubhāvo pavattatī’’ti. <span class="bld">Yaṃ yāvatā vā pana ākaṅkheyyāti vutta</span>nti yaṃ visayakkhettaṃ sandhāya ekasmiṃyeva khaṇe sarena abhiviññāpanaṃ attano rūpadassanañca paṭijānantena bhagavatā ‘‘yāvatā vā pana ākaṅkheyyā’’ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Yatthā</span>ti yasmiṃ padese anantāparimāṇe visayakkhette. <span class="bld">Yaṃ yaṃ ākaṅkhati, taṃ taṃ anussaratī</span>ti ākaṅkhamattapaṭibaddhavuttitāya buddhañāṇassa yaṃ yaṃ anussarituṃ <a name="M1.0391"></a> icchati, taṃ taṃ anussarati. <span class="bld">Ekaṃ āṇākkhettaṃ vinassatī</span>ti iminā tiriyato saṃvaṭṭamānaparicchedo vutto. <span class="bld">Saṇṭhahanta</span>nti vivaṭṭamānaṃ jāyamānaṃ. <span class="bld">Tassa vināso ca saṇṭhahanañca visuddhimagge vutta</span>nti amhehipi heṭṭhā ‘‘lokavidū’’ti imassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanādhikāre pasaṅgato vuttattā idha na vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ pasaṅgena saṃvaṭṭādike pakāsetvā idāni yathādhigataṃ tesaṃ anussaraṇākāraṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ye panete saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭā vuttā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">etesū</span>ti niddhāraṇe bhummaṃ saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappasamudāyato anekesaṃ saṃvaṭṭakappādīnaṃ niddhāriyamānattā. <span class="bld">Amumhi saṃvaṭṭakappe</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">vā</span>-saddo luttaniddiṭṭho daṭṭhabbo. Tena ca aniyamatthena itarāsaṃ asaṅkhyeyyānampi saṅgaho siddhoti. Atha vā <span class="bld">amumhi saṃvaṭṭakappe</span>ti idaṃ saṃvaṭṭakappassa ādito pāḷiyaṃ gahitattā vuttaṃ. Tatthāpi hi imassa katipayakālaṃ bhavādīsu saṃsaraṇaṃ upalabbhatīti. Saṃvaṭṭakappe vā vattamāne yesu bhavādīsu imassa upapatti ahosi, taṃdassanametaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Bhave vā</span>tiādīsu kāmādibhave vā aṇḍajādiyoniyā vā devādigatiyā vā nānattakāyanānattasaññīādiviññāṇaṭṭhitiyā vā sattāvāse vā khattiyādisattanikāye vā. Yasmā idaṃ bhagavato vasena pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇaṃ āgataṃ, tasmā tasseva nāmādivasena atthaṃ yojetvā dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃnāmoti vessantaro vā jotipālo vā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Sālimaṃsodanāhāro vā</span>ti gihikālaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Pavattaphalabhojano vā</span>ti tāpasādikālaṃ sandhāya. <span class="bld">Pavattaphalabhojano</span>ti sayampatitaphalāhāro. <span class="bld">Sāmisanirāmisādippabhedāna</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">sāmisā</span> gehassitasomanassādayo, <span class="bld">nirāmisā</span> nekkhammassitasomanassādayo. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena vivekajasamādhijasukhādīnaṃ saṅgaho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Heṭṭhā sāmaññato vuttamevatthaṃ vibhajitvā dassetukāmo <span class="bld">‘‘atha vā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">amutrāsi</span>nti sāmaññaniddesoyaṃ, byāpanicchālopo vā, amutra amutra āsinti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Anupubbena ārohantassa yāvadicchakaṃ anussaraṇa</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">ārohantassā</span>ti paṭilomato ñāṇena pubbenivāsaṃ ārohantassa. <span class="bld">Paṭinivattantassā</span>ti pubbenivāsaṃ anussaraṇavasena <a name="M1.0392"></a> yāvadicchakaṃ gantvā paccāgacchantassa. <span class="bld">Paccavekkhaṇa</span>nti anussaritānussaritassa paccavekkhaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Tasmā</span>ti vuttassevatthassa kāraṇabhāvena paccāmasanaṃ, paṭinivattantassa paccavekkhaṇabhāvatoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Idhūpapattiyā</span>ti <a name="V1.0343"></a> idha carimabhave upapattiyā. <span class="bld">Anantara</span>nti atītānantaramāha. <span class="bld">Amutrā</span>ti amukasmiṃ bhaveti attho. <span class="bld">Udapādi</span>nti uppajjiṃ. <span class="bld">Tāhi devatāhī</span>ti tusitadevatāhi. <span class="bld">Ekagotto</span>ti tusitagottena ekagotto. Mahābodhisattānaṃ santānassa pariyosānāvatthāyaṃ devalokūpapattijanakaṃ nāma akusalena kammunā anupaddutameva hotīti adhippāyena <span class="bld">‘‘dukkhaṃ pana saṅkhāradukkhamattamevā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Mahāpuññānampi pana devaputtānaṃ pubbanimittuppattikālādīsu aniṭṭhārammaṇasamāyogo hotiyevāti ‘‘kadāci dukkhadukkhassapi sambhavo natthī’’ti na sakkā vattuṃ, dhammānaṃ uppādanirodhasaṅkhāradukkhanti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Sattapaññāsa…pe… pariyanto</span>ti idaṃ manussavassagaṇanāvasena vuttaṃ. Tattha devānaṃ vassagaṇanāya pana catusahassameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Itī</span>ti vuttatthanidassanametaṃ, tañca kho yathārahato, na yathānupubbatoti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘nāmagottavasenā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Uddisīyatī</span>ti disvāva aviññeyyattā ‘‘ayaṃ ko nāmo’’ti pucchite ‘‘tisso gotamo’’ti nāmagottena uddisīyati. <span class="bld">Vaṇṇādīhī</span>ti vaṇṇāhāravedayitāyuparicchedehi. <span class="bld">Sāmotī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">iti</span>-saddo ādiattho, pakārattho vā. Tena evamādievaṃpakāranānattatoti dassitaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Nāmagottaṃ uddeso</span>ti uddisīyati satto etenāti uddeso nāmagottaṃ. <span class="bld">Itare ākārā</span>ti ākarīyati disvāva satto viññāyati etehīti itare vaṇṇādayo ākārā. <span class="bld">‘‘No ca kho avisesenā’’</span>ti saṅkhepato vuttamevatthaṃ vitthārena dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘titthiyā hī’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">titthiyā</span>ti aññatitthiyā. Te pana kammavādino kiriyavādino tāpasādayo. Yasmā titthiyānaṃ <span class="bld">brahmajālā</span>dīsu cattālīsāya eva saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭānaṃ anussaraṇaṃ āgataṃ, tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘na tato para’’</span>nti vatvā tattha kāraṇaṃ vadanto <span class="bld">‘‘dubbalapaññattā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tena vipassanābhiyogo pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇassa visesakāraṇanti dasseti. Tatoyeva ca balavapaññattā ṭhapetvā aggasāvakamahāsāvake itare pakatisāvakā kappasatampi kappasahassampi anussarantiyevāti <a name="M1.0393"></a> daṭṭhabbaṃ. Teneva vuttaṃ <span class="bld">visuddhimagge</span> (visuddhi. 2.402) ‘‘pakatisāvakā kappasatampi kappasahassampi anussarantiyeva balavapaññattā’’ti. <span class="bld">Ettako hi tesaṃ abhinīhāro</span>ti kappānaṃ satasahassampi tadadhikaṃ ekaṃ dve ca asaṅkhyeyyānīti kālavasena evaṃparimāṇo yathākkamaṃ tesaṃ mahāsāvakaaggasāvakapaccekabuddhānaṃ puññañāṇābhinīhāro, sāvakapaccekabodhipāramitā siddhā. Yadi bodhisambhārasambharaṇakālaparicchinno tesaṃ tesaṃ ariyānaṃ abhiññāñāṇavibhavo, evaṃ sante buddhānampissa paricchedatā āpannāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘buddhānaṃ pana paricchedo natthī’’</span>ti. ‘‘Yāvatakaṃ ñeyyaṃ, tāvatakaṃ ñāṇa’’nti (paṭi. ma. 3.5) vacanato sabbaññutaññāṇassa viya buddhānaṃ abhiññāñāṇānampi savisaye paricchedo nāma natthīti tattha yaṃ yaṃ ñātuṃ icchanti, taṃ taṃ jānanti <a name="V1.0344"></a> eva. Atha vā satipi kālaparicchede kāraṇūpāyakosallapariggahādinā sātisayattā mahābodhisambhārānaṃ paññāpāramitāya pavattiānubhāvassa paricchedo nāma natthi, kuto taṃnibbattānaṃ abhiññāñāṇānanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘buddhānaṃ pana paricchedo natthī’’</span>ti. Atīte ‘‘ettakānaṃ kappānaṃ asaṅkhyeyyānī’’ti evaṃ kālaparicchedo natthi anāgate anāgataṃsañāṇassa viya. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘yāva icchanti tāva sarantī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ pañcannaṃ janānaṃ pubbenivāsānussaraṇaṃ kālavibhāgato dassetvā idāni ārammaṇaggahaṇavasenassa pavattivisesaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘titthiyā cā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Khandhapaṭipāṭimeva sarantī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">khandhapaṭipāṭi</span> khandhānaṃ anukkamo, sā ca kho cutito paṭṭhāya uppaṭipāṭivasena. Keci panettha ‘‘iriyāpathapaṭipāṭi khandhapaṭipāṭī’’ti vadanti. Vuttamevatthaṃ byatirekato vibhāvento āha <span class="bld">‘‘paṭipāṭiṃ muñcitvā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">cutipaṭisandhivasenā</span>ti attano parassa vā tasmiṃ tasmiṃ attabhāve cutiṃ disvā antarā kiñci anāmasitvā paṭisandhiyā eva gahaṇavasena. Yathā pana andhā yaṭṭhiṃ amuñcitvā gacchanti, evaṃ te khandhapaṭipāṭiṃ amuñcitvāva sarantīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tesañhi andhānaṃ viya icchitappadesokkamanaṃ natthī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Sāvakā</span>ti pakatisāvakāpi mahāsāvakāpi aggasāvakāpi sāmaññato vuttā. Pakatisāvakāpi hi khandhapaṭipāṭiyāpi anussaranti<a name="M1.0394"></a>, cutipaṭisandhivasenapi saṅkamanti balavapaññattā, tathā asītimahāsāvakā. Dvinnaṃ pana aggasāvakānaṃ khandhapaṭipāṭikiccaṃ natthi. Ekassa attabhāvassa cutiṃ disvā paṭisandhiṃ passanti, puna aparassa cutiṃ disvā paṭisandhinti evaṃ cutipaṭisandhivasenapi saṅkamantā gacchanti. Yathā nāma saradasamaye ṭhitamajjhanhikavelāyaṃ caturatanike gehe cakkhumato purisassa rūpagataṃ supākaṭameva hotīti lokasiddhametaṃ. Siyā pana tassa sukhumataratirokuṭṭādibhedassa rūpagatassa agocaratā, na tveva buddhānaṃ ñātuṃ icchitassa ñeyyassa agocaratā, atha kho taṃ ñāṇālokena obhāsitaṃ hatthatale āmalakaṃ viya supākaṭaṃ suvibhūtameva hoti, tathā ñeyyāvaraṇassa suppahīnattāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘buddhā panā’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">sīhokkantavasenā</span>ti sīhagatipatanavasena. <span class="bld">Yaṃ yaṃ ṭhānaṃ ākaṅkhantī</span>ti yasmiṃ kappe yasmiṃ bhave yaṃ yaṃ ṭhānaṃ jānituṃ icchanti. <span class="bld">Taṃ sabbaṃ sarantiyevā</span>ti ñātuṃ icchitaṃ taṃ sabbaṃ sarantiyeva, na na saranti. Buddhānañhi neva khandhapaṭipāṭikiccaṃ, na ca cutipaṭisandhivasena saṅkamanakiccaṃ atthi. Tesañhi anekāsu kappakoṭīsu heṭṭhā vā upari vā yaṃ yaṃ ṭhānaṃ icchanti, taṃ taṃ pākaṭameva hoti. Tasmā yathā peyyālapāḷiṃ paṭhantā ‘‘paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… pañcamaṃ jhāna’’ntiādipariyosānameva gaṇhantā saṅkhipitvā sajjhāyanti, na anupadaṃ, evaṃ anekāpi <a name="V1.0345"></a> kappakoṭiyo peyyālapāḷiṃ viya saṅkhipitvā yaṃ yaṃ icchanti, tattha tattheva ñāṇena okkamantā sīhokkantavasena gacchanti. Evaṃ gacchantānañca tesaṃ ñāṇaṃ yathā nāma katavālavedhiparicayassa sarabhaṅgasadisassa dhanuggahassa khitto saro antarantarā rukkhalatādīsu asajjamāno lakkheyeva patati na sajjati na virajjhati, evaṃ antarantarāsu jātīsu na sajjati na virajjhati, asajjamānaṃ avirajjhamānaṃ icchiticchitaṭṭhānaṃyeva gaṇhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atītabhave khandhā tappaṭibaddhanāmagottāni ca sabbaṃ pubbenivāsantveva saṅgahitānīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘kiṃ viditaṃ karoti? Pubbenivāsa’’</span>nti. Moho paṭicchādakaṭṭhena tamo viya tamoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sveva moho’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Obhāsakaraṇaṭṭhenā</span>ti kātabbato karaṇaṃ, obhāsova karaṇaṃ obhāsakaraṇaṃ, attano paccayehi obhāsabhāvena nibbattetabbaṭṭhenāti attho. <span class="bld">Sesaṃ pasaṃsāvacana</span>nti paṭipakkhavidhamanapavattivisesānaṃ bodhanato vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Avijjā vihatā</span>ti etena vijānanaṭṭhena vijjāti ayampi <a name="M1.0395"></a> attho dīpitoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Kasmā? Yasmā vijjā uppannā</span>ti etena vijjāpaṭipakkhā avijjā, paṭipakkhatā cassā pahātabbabhāvena vijjāya ca pahāyakabhāvenāti dasseti. <span class="bld">Esa nayo itarasmimpi padadvaye</span>ti iminā tamo vihato vinaṭṭho. Kasmā? Yasmā āloko uppannoti imamatthaṃ atidisati. Kilesānaṃ ātāpanaparitāpanaṭṭhena vīriyaṃ ātāpoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘vīriyātāpena ātāpino’’</span>ti, vīriyavatoti attho. <span class="bld">Pesitacittassā</span>ti yathādhippetatthasiddhiṃ pativissaṭṭhacittassa. <span class="bld">Yathā appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato</span>ti aññassapi kassaci mādisassāti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Padhānānuyogassā</span>ti sammappadhānamanuyuttassa. Sesamettha uttānattā vuttanayattā ca suviññeyyameva.</p>
<p class="centered">Pubbenivāsakathā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dibbacakkhuñāṇakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para13"></a><span class="paranum">13</span>. <span class="bld">Cutiyā</span>ti cavane. <span class="bld">Upapāte</span>ti upapajjane. Samīpatthe cetaṃ bhummavacanaṃ, cutikkhaṇasāmantā upapattikkhaṇasāmantā cāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘ye pana āsannacutikā’’tiādi. <span class="bld">Yena ñāṇenā</span>ti yena dibbacakkhuñāṇena. Dibbacakkhuñāṇeneva hi sattānaṃ cuti ca upapatti ca ñāyati. <span class="bld">Parikammaṃ vattabbaṃ siyā</span>ti ‘‘dibbacakkhuñāṇaṃ uppādetukāmena ādikammikena kulaputtena kasiṇārammaṇaṃ abhiññāpādakajjhānaṃ sabbākārena abhinīhārakkhamaṃ katvā tejokasiṇaṃ odātakasiṇaṃ ālokakasiṇanti imesu tīsu kasiṇesu <a name="V1.0346"></a> aññataraṃ āsannaṃ kātabbaṃ, upacārajjhānagocaraṃ katvā vaḍḍhetvā ṭhapetabba’’ntiādinā dibbacakkhuñāṇassa parikammaṃ vattabbaṃ bhaveyya.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">So aha</span>nti so katacittābhinīhāro ahaṃ. <span class="bld">Dibbasadisattā</span>ti divi bhavanti dibbaṃ, devānaṃ pasādacakkhu, tena dibbena cakkhunā sadisattāti attho. <span class="bld">Dibbasadisattā</span>ti ca hīnūpamādassanaṃ devatānaṃ dibbacakkhutopi imassa <a name="M1.0396"></a> mahānubhāvattā. Idāni taṃ dibbasadisattaṃ vibhāvetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘devatānañhī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">sucaritakammanibbatta</span>nti saddhābahulatāvisuddhadiṭṭhitāānisaṃsadassāvitādisampattiyā suṭṭhu caritattā sucaritena devūpapattijanakena puññakammena nibbattaṃ. <span class="bld">Pittasemharuhirādīhī</span>ti <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena vātarogādīnaṃ saṅgaho. <span class="bld">Apalibuddha</span>nti anupaddutaṃ. Pittādīhi anupaddutattā kammassa ca uḷāratāya upakkilesavimutti veditabbā. Upakkilesadosarahitañhi kammaṃ tiṇādidosarahitaṃ viya sassaṃ uḷāraphalaṃ anupakkiliṭṭhaṃ hoti. Kāraṇūpacārena cassa phalaṃ tathā voharīyati yathā ‘‘sukkaṃ sukkavipāka’’nti. <span class="bld">Dūrepī</span>ti <span class="bld">pi</span>-saddena sukhumassapi ārammaṇassa sampaṭicchanasamatthataṃ saṅgaṇhāti. <span class="bld">Pasādacakkhū</span>ti catunnaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ pasādalakkhaṇaṃ cakkhu. <span class="bld">Vīriyabhāvanābalanibbatta</span>nti vīriyārambhavaseneva ijjhanato sabbāpi kusalabhāvanā vīriyabhāvanā, padhānasaṅkhārasamannāgatā vā iddhipādabhāvanā visesato vīriyabhāvanā, tassā ānubhāvena nibbattaṃ vīriyabhāvanābalanibbattaṃ. Ñāṇamayaṃ cakkhu <span class="bld">ñāṇacakkhu. Tādisamevā</span>ti upakkilesavimuttatāya dūrepi sukhumassapi ārammaṇassa sampaṭicchanasamatthatāya ca taṃsadisameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dibbavihāravasena paṭiladdhattā</span>ti dibbavihārasaṅkhātānaṃ catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ vasena paṭiladdhattā. Iminā kāraṇavasenassa dibbabhāvamāha. <span class="bld">Dibbavihārasannissitattā</span>ti aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgamena ukkaṃsagataṃ pādakajjhānasaṅkhātaṃ dibbavihāraṃ sannissāya pavattattā, dibbavihārapariyāpannaṃ vā attanā sampayuttaṃ rūpāvacaracatutthajjhānaṃ nissāya paccayabhūtaṃ sannissitattāti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Ālokapariggahena mahājutikattāpi dibba</span>nti kasiṇālokānuggahena pattabbattā sayaṃ ñāṇālokapharaṇabhāvena ca mahājutikabhāvatopi dibbanti attho. Mahājutikampi hi dibbanti vuccati ‘‘dibbamidaṃ byamha’’ntiādīsu. <span class="bld">Mahāgatikattā</span>ti mahanīyagamanattā, vimhayanīyappavattikattāti attho. Vimhayanīyā hissa pavatti tirokuṭṭādigatarūpadassanato. <span class="bld">Taṃ sabba</span>nti ‘‘heṭṭhā vuttaṃ atthapañcakamapekkhitvā vutta’’nti vadanti. Keci pana ‘‘jutigatiatthesupi saddavidū divusaddaṃ icchantīti mahājutikattā mahāgatikattāti idameva dvayaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, tasmā ‘saddasatthānusārena veditabba’nti idaṃ dibbati jotayatīti dibbaṃ, dibbati <a name="V1.0347"></a> gacchati asajjamānaṃ pavattatīti dibbanti imamatthaṃ dassetuṃ vutta’’nti vadanti. <span class="bld">Ācariyadhammapālatthero</span> pana –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Dibbacakkhulābhāya <a name="M1.0397"></a> yogino parikammakaraṇaṃ tappaṭipakkhābhibhavassa atthato tassa vijayicchā nāma hoti, dibbacakkhulābhī ca iddhimā devatānaṃ vacanagahaṇakkhamanadhammadānavasena mahāmoggallānattherādayo viya dānaggahaṇalakkhaṇe vohāre ca pavatteyyāti evaṃ vihāravijayicchāvohārajutigatisaṅkhātānaṃ atthānaṃ vasena imassa abhiññāñāṇassa dibbacakkhubhāvasiddhito saddavidū ca tesu eva atthesu divusaddaṃ icchantīti ‘taṃ sabbaṃ saddasatthānusārena veditabba’nti vutta’’nti –</p>
<p class="unindented">Āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dassanaṭṭhenā</span>ti rūpadassanabhāvena. Cakkhunā hi sattā rūpaṃ passanti. Yathā maṃsacakkhu viññāṇādhiṭṭhitaṃ samavisamaṃ ācikkhantaṃ viya pavattati, na tathā idaṃ. Idaṃ pana sayameva tato sātisayaṃ cakkhukiccakārīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘cakkhukiccakaraṇena cakkhumivātipi cakkhū’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Diṭṭhivisuddhihetuttā</span>ti saṅkhepato vuttamatthaṃ vivarituṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yo hī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ucchedadiṭṭhiṃ gaṇhātī</span>ti parato uppattiyā adassanato ‘‘etthe vāyaṃ satto ucchinno, evamitarepī’’ti ucchedadiṭṭhiṃ gaṇhāti. <span class="bld">Navasattapātubhāvadiṭṭhiṃ gaṇhātī</span>ti jhānalābhī adhiccasamuppanniko viya gaṇhāti. Yathā hi so asaññasattā cavitvā idhūpapanno pabbajito samāno abhiññālābhī hutvā pubbenivāsaṃ anussaranto idhūpapattimeva disvā tato paraṃ asaññabhave uppattiṃ anussaritumasakkonto ‘‘ahaṃ adhiccasamuppanno pubbe nāhosiṃ, somhi etarahi ahutvā sattatāya pariṇato, sesāpi sattā tādisāyevā’’ti abhinavasattapātubhāvadiṭṭhiṃ gaṇhāti, evamayampi upapātamattameva disvā cutiṃ apassanto navasattapātubhāvadiṭṭhiṃ gaṇhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni aññathāpi visuddhikāraṇaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘ekādasaupakkilesavirahato vā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Yathāhā</span>ti upakkilesasutte āgatapāḷiṃ nidasseti. Tattha hi anuruddho nandiyo kimiloti ime tayo kulaputte āmantetvā dhammaṃ dassentena ‘‘anuruddhā tumhe kiṃ imehi na āluḷissanti, ahampi imehi upādāya ekādasahi upakkilesehi āluḷitapubbo’’ti dassetuṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ahampi <a name="M1.0398"></a><a name="V1.0348"></a> sudaṃ anuruddhā pubbeva sambodhā anabhisambuddho bodhisattova samāno obhāsañceva sañjānāmi dassanañca rūpānaṃ, so kho pana me obhāso na cirasseva antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ. Tassa mayhaṃ anuruddhā etadahosi ‘ko nu kho hetu, ko paccayo, yena me obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpāna’nti. Tassa mayhaṃ anuruddhā etadahosi ‘vicikicchā kho me udapādi, vicikicchādhikaraṇañca me samādhi cavi, samādhimhi cute obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ, sohaṃ tathā karissāmi, yathā me puna na vicikicchā uppajjissatī’ti.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘So kho ahaṃ anuruddhā appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto obhāsañceva sañjānāmi dassanañca rūpānaṃ, so kho pana me obhāso na cirasseva antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ. Tassa mayhaṃ anuruddhā etadahosi ‘ko nu kho hetu, ko paccayo, yena me obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpāna’nti. Tassa mayhaṃ anuruddhā etadahosi ‘amanasikāro kho me udapādi, amanasikārādhikaraṇañca pana me samādhi cavi, samādhimhi cute obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ, sohaṃ tathā karissāmi, yathā me puna na vicikicchā uppajjissati na amanasikāro’’’ti –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādinā (ma. ni. 3.241) desanaṃ ārabhitvā idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘so kho ahaṃ anuruddhā vicikicchā cittassa upakkilesoti iti viditvā’’tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 3.241) <span class="bld">vicikicchā</span>ti mahāsattassa ālokaṃ vaḍḍhetvā dibbacakkhunā nānāvidhāni rūpāni passantassa ‘‘idaṃ nu kho ki’’nti uppannā vicikicchā. Manasikāravasena pana me rūpāni upaṭṭhahiṃsu, rūpāni passato vicikicchā uppajjati, tasmā idāni kiñci na manasi karissāmīti tuṇhī bhavati, taṃ tuṇhībhāvappattiṃ sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘amanasikāro’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Thinamiddha</span>nti kiñci amanasikarontassa uppannaṃ thinamiddhaṃ. Tathābhūtassa hi savipphārikamanasikārassa abhāvato thinamiddhaṃ uppajjati. <span class="bld">Chambhitatta</span>nti thinamiddhaṃ vinodetvā yathāraddhamanasikāravasena <a name="M1.0399"></a> himavantābhimukhaṃ ālokaṃ vaḍḍhetvā dānavarakkhasaajagarādayo passantassa uppannaṃ chambhitattaṃ. <span class="bld">Uppila</span>nti ‘‘mayā diṭṭhabhayaṃ pakatiyā cakkhuviññāṇena olokiyamānaṃ na passati, adiṭṭhe parikappitasadise kiṃnāma bhaya’’nti bhayassa vinodanavasena cintentassa attano paccavekkhaṇākosallaṃ nissāya uppannaṃ uppilāvitattaṃ. <span class="bld">Duṭṭhulla</span>nti kāyālasiyaṃ. ‘‘Mayā thinamiddhaṃ chambhitattānaṃ vūpasamanatthaṃ gāḷhaṃ vīriyaṃ <a name="V1.0349"></a> paggahitaṃ, tena me uppilasaṅkhātā cittasamādhidūsitā gehassitā balavapīti uppannā’’ti vīriyaṃ sithilaṃ karontassa hi kāyaduṭṭhullaṃ kāyadaratho kāyālasiyaṃ udapādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Accāraddhavīriya</span>nti ‘‘mama vīriyaṃ sithilaṃ karoto duṭṭhullaṃ uppanna’’nti puna vīriyaṃ paggaṇhato uppannaṃ accāraddhavīriyaṃ. <span class="bld">Atilīnavīriya</span>nti ‘‘mama vīriyaṃ paggaṇhato evaṃ jāta’’nti puna vīriyaṃ sithilayato uppannaṃ atilīnavīriyaṃ. <span class="bld">Abhijappā</span>ti devalokābhimukhaṃ ālokaṃ vaḍḍhetvā devasaṅghaṃ passato uppannā taṇhā. ‘‘Evaṃ me hotū’’ti hi abhinivisanavasena jappatīti abhijappā, taṇhā. <span class="bld">Nānattasaññā</span>ti ‘‘mayhaṃ ekajātikaṃ rūpaṃ manasikarontassa abhijappā uppannā, nānāvidhaṃ rūpaṃ manasikāraṃ karissāmī’’ti kālena devalokābhimukhaṃ kālena manussalokābhimukhaṃ vaḍḍhetvā nānāvidhāni rūpāni manasikaroto uppannā nānattasaññā, nānatte nānāsabhāve saññāti nānattasaññā. <span class="bld">Atinijjhāyitatta</span>nti ‘‘mayhaṃ nānāvidhāni rūpāni manasikarontassa nānattasaññā udapādi, iṭṭhaṃ vā aniṭṭhaṃ vā ekajātikameva rūpaṃ manasi karissāmī’’ti tathā manasikaroto uppannaṃ rūpānaṃ atinijjhāyitattaṃ, ativiya uttari katvā nijjhānaṃ pekkhanaṃ atinijjhāyitattaṃ. <span class="bld">Obhāsa</span>nti parikammasamuṭṭhitaṃ obhāsaṃ. <span class="bld">Na ca rūpāni passāmī</span>ti parikammobhāsamanasikārappasutatāya dibbacakkhunā rūpāni na passāmi. <span class="bld">Rūpāni hi kho passāmī</span>ti tena parikammobhāsena pharitvā ṭhitaṭṭhāne dibbacakkhuno visayabhūtāni rūpagatāni passāmi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Evamādī</span>ti <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Kevalampi rattiṃ kevalampi divaṃ kevalampi rattindivaṃ tassa mayhaṃ anuruddhā etadahosi ‘ko nu kho hetu, ko paccayo, yvāhaṃ <a name="M1.0400"></a> obhāsañhi kho sañjānāmi, na ca rūpāni passāmi, rūpāni kho passāmi, na ca obhāsaṃ sañjānāmi kevalampi rattiṃ kevalampi divaṃ kevalampi rattindiva’nti. Tassa mayhaṃ anuruddhā etadahosi ‘yasmiñhi kho ahaṃ samaye rūpanimittaṃ amanasikaritvā obhāsanimittaṃ manasi karomi. Obhāsañhi kho tasmiṃ samaye sañjānāmi, na ca rūpāni passāmi. Yasmiṃ panāhaṃ samaye obhāsanimittaṃ amanasikaritvā rūpanimittaṃ manasi karomi. Rūpāni hi kho tasmiṃ samaye passāmi, na ca obhāsaṃ sañjānāmi kevalampi rattiṃ kevalampi divaṃ kevalampi rattindiva’’nti (ma. ni. 3.243) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādipāḷiṃ <a name="V1.0350"></a> saṅgaṇhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Manussānaṃ idanti mānusakaṃ, manussānaṃ gocarabhūtaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ. Tadaññassa pana dibbatirokuṭṭasukhumādibhedassa rūpassa dassanato atikkantamānusakaṃ. Evarūpaṃ tañca manussūpacāraṃ atikkantaṃ nāma hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘manussūpacāraṃ atikkamitvā rūpadassanenā’’</span>ti. Tattha <span class="bld">manussūpacāra</span>nti manussehi upacaritabbaṭṭhānaṃ, pakatiyā cakkhudvārena gahetabbaṃ visayanti adhippāyo. Evaṃ visayamukhena dassetvā idāni visayimukhena dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘mānusakaṃ vā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tatthāpi maṃsacakkhātikkamo tassa kiccātikkameneva daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Dibbena cakkhunā</span>ti dibbacakkhuñāṇenapi daṭṭhuṃ na sakkā khaṇassa atiittaratāya atisukhumatāya kesañci rūpassa, apica dibbacakkhussa paccuppannaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ, tañca purejātapaccayabhūtaṃ, na ca āvajjanaparikammehi vinā mahaggatassa pavatti atthi, nāpi uppajjamānameva rūpaṃ ārammaṇapaccayo bhavituṃ sakkoti, bhijjamānaṃ vā, tasmā cutūpapātakkhaṇe rūpaṃ dibbacakkhunā daṭṭhuṃ na sakkāti suvuttametaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi dibbacakkhuñāṇaṃ rūpārammaṇameva, atha kasmā ‘‘satte passāmī’’ti vuttanti? Yebhuyyena sattasantānagatarūpadassanato evaṃ vuttaṃ. Sattagahaṇassa vā kāraṇabhāvato vohāravasena vuttantipi vadanti. Te cavamānāti adhippetāti sambandho. <span class="bld">Evarūpe</span>ti na cutūpapātakkhaṇasamaṅginoti adhippāyo. Mohūpanissayaṃ nāma kammaṃ nihīnaṃ nihīnaphalaṃ hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘mohanissandayuttattā’’</span>ti. Mohūpanissayatā ca kusalakammassa pubbabhāge <a name="M1.0401"></a> mohappavattibahulatāya veditabbā. Tāya pana mohappavattiyā saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ kusalakammaṃ nihīnameva jātiādiṃ nipphādetīti nihīnajātiādayo mohassa nissandaphalānīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘hīnānaṃ jātikulabhogādīna’’</span>ntiādi. <span class="bld">Hīḷite</span>ti garahite. <span class="bld">Ohīḷite</span>ti visesato garahite. <span class="bld">Uññāte</span>ti lāmakabhāvena ñāte. <span class="bld">Avaññāte</span>ti visesato lāmakabhāvena vidite. <span class="bld">Amohanissandayuttattā</span>ti ettha amoho sampayuttavasena pubbabhāgavasena ca pavatto kathito, tena ca tihetukapaṭisandhike dasseti. <span class="bld">Tabbiparīte</span>ti tassa hīḷitādibhāvassa viparīte, ahīḷite anohīḷite anuññāte anavaññāte cittīkateti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Suvaṇṇe</span>ti sundaravaṇṇe. <span class="bld">Dubbaṇṇe</span>ti asundaravaṇṇe. Sā panāyaṃ suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇatā yathākkamaṃ kammassa adosadosūpanissayatāya hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘adosanissandayuttattā’’</span>tiādi. Adosūpanissayatā ca kammassa mettādīhi paribhāvitasantānappavattiyā veditabbā. <span class="bld">Abhirūpe virūpe</span>ti <a name="V1.0351"></a> idaṃ saṇṭhānavasena vuttaṃ. Saṇṭhānavacanopi hi vaṇṇasaddo hoti ‘‘mahantaṃ hatthivaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.138) viya. Paṭhamaṃ vutto pana attho vaṇṇavaseneva vutto. Sundaraṃ gatiṃ gatā sugatāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sugatigate’’</span>ti, sugatiṃ upapanneti attho. Alobhajjhāsayā sattā vadaññū vigatamaccherā alobhūpanissayena kammunā sugatā samiddhā hontīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘alobhanissandayuttattā vā aḍḍhe mahaddhane’’</span>ti. Dukkhaṃ gatiṃ gatā duggatāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘duggatigate’’</span>ti. Lobhajjhāsayā sattā luddhā maccharino lobhūpanissayena kammunā duggatā durūpā hontīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘lobhanissandayuttattā vā dalidde appannapāne’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Upacita</span>nti phalāvahabhāvena kataṃ. Yathā katañhi kammaṃ phaladānasamatthaṃ hoti, tathā kataṃ upacitaṃ. <span class="bld">Cavamānetiādīhi dibbacakkhukiccaṃ vutta</span>nti visayamukhena visayibyāpāramāha. <span class="bld">Purimehī</span>ti ‘‘dibbena cakkhunā’’tiādīni padāni sandhāya vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ādīhī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">ca</span>-saddo luttaniddiṭṭho, tasmā ‘‘dibbena…pe… passāmī’’ti imehi ‘‘cavamāne’’tiādīhi ca dibbacakkhukiccaṃ vuttanti attho. <span class="bld">Iminā</span> <a name="M1.0402"></a> <span class="bld">pana padenā</span>ti ‘‘yathākammūpage satte pajānāmī’’ti iminā vākyena. Pajjati ñāyati attho imināti hi padaṃ vākyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mahantaṃ dukkhamanubhavamāne</span>ti ettha dibbacakkhuñāṇena rūpaṃ disvā tesaṃ dukkhānubhavanaṃ kāmāvacaracitteneva jānātīti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">So</span>ti nerayikasatte paccakkhato disvā ṭhito dibbacakkhuñāṇalābhī. <span class="bld">Evaṃ manasi karotī</span>ti tesaṃ nerayikānaṃ nirayasaṃvattanikassa kammassa ñātukāmatāvasena pādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya parikammavasena manasi karoti. <span class="bld">Kiṃ nu kho</span>tiādi manasikāravidhidassanaṃ. Evaṃ pana parikammaṃ katvā pādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhitassa taṃ kammaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā āvajjanaṃ uppajjati, tasmiṃ niruddhe cattāri pañca vā javanāni javanti. Yesaṃ purimāni tīṇi cattāri vā parikammaupacārānulomagotrabhunāmakāni kāmāvacarāni, catutthaṃ pañcamaṃ vā appanācittaṃ rūpāvacaraṃ catutthajjhānikaṃ, tattha yaṃ tena appanācittena saddhiṃ uppannaṃ ñāṇaṃ, taṃ yathākammūpagañāṇanti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Visuṃ parikammaṃ natthī’’</span>ti idaṃ pana dibbacakkhuñāṇena vinā yathākammūpagañāṇassa visuṃ parikammaṃ natthīti adhippāyena vuttaṃ. Evañcetaṃ icchitabbaṃ, aññathā yathākammūpagañāṇassa mahaggatabhāvo eva na siyā. Devānaṃ dassanepi eseva nayo. Nerayikadevaggahaṇañcettha nidassanamattaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ākaṅkhamāno hi dibbacakkhulābhī aññagatikesupi evaṃ paṭipajjatiyeva. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘apāyaggahaṇena tiracchānayoniṃ dīpetī’’tiādi, ‘‘sugatiggahaṇena manussagatipi saṅgayhatī’’ti ca. Taṃ nirayasaṃvattaniyakammaṃ ārammaṇametassāti <span class="bld">taṃkammārammaṇaṃ. Phārusakavanādīsū</span>ti <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena cittalatāvanādīnaṃ saṅgaho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yathā</span> <a name="V1.0352"></a> <span class="bld">cimassā</span>ti yathā ca imassa yathākammūpagañāṇassa visuṃ parikammaṃ natthi, evaṃ anāgataṃsañāṇassapīti visuṃ parikammābhāvañca nidasseti. Tattha kāraṇamāha <span class="bld">‘‘dibbacakkhupādakāneva hi imānī’’</span>ti. Tatrāyamadhippāyo – yathā dibbacakkhulābhī nirayādiabhimukhaṃ ālokaṃ vaḍḍhetvā nerayikādike satte disvā tehi pubbe āyūhitaṃ nirayasaṃvattaniyādikaṃ kammaṃ tādisena samādānena tajjena ca manasikārena parikkhate citte yāthāvato jānāti, evaṃ yassa yassa sattassa samanantaraṃ anāgataṃ attabhāvaṃ ñātukāmo, taṃ taṃ odissa ālokaṃ vaḍḍhetvā tena tena atīte etarahi vā āyūhitaṃ tassa nibbattakaṃ kammaṃ yathākammūpagañāṇena <a name="M1.0403"></a> disvā tena tena nibbattetabbaṃ anāgataṃ attabhāvaṃ ñātukāmo tādisena samādānena tajjena ca manasikārena parikkhate citte yāthāvato jānāti. Esa nayo tato paresupi attabhāvesu. Etaṃ anāgataṃsañāṇaṃ nāma. Yasmā etaṃ dvayaṃ dibbacakkhuñāṇe sati eva sijjhati, nāsati. Tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘imāni dibbacakkhunā saheva ijjhantī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kāyena duccaritaṃ, kāyato vā uppannaṃ duccarita</span>nti kāyena duṭṭhu caritaṃ, kāyato vā uppannaṃ kilesapūtikattā duṭṭhu caritaṃ kāyaduccaritanti evaṃ yathākkamaṃ yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Kāyo</span>ti cettha copanakāyo adhippeto. Kāyaviññattivasena pavattaṃ akusalaṃ kāyakammaṃ kāyaduccaritaṃ. Yasmiṃ santāne kammaṃ katupacitaṃ, asati āhārupacchede vipākārahasabhāvassa avigacchanato so tena sahitoyevāti vattabboti āha <span class="bld">‘‘samannāgatāti samaṅgībhūtā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Anatthakāmā hutvā</span>ti etena mātāpitaro viya puttānaṃ, ācariyupajjhāyā viya ca nissitakānaṃ atthakāmā hutvā garahakā upavādakā na hontīti dasseti. <span class="bld">Guṇaparidhaṃsanenā</span>ti vijjamānānaṃ guṇānaṃ viddhaṃsanena, vināsanenāti attho. Nanu ca antimavatthunāpi upavādo guṇaparidhaṃsanamevāti? Saccametaṃ, guṇāti panettha jhānādivisesā uttarimanussadhammā adhippetāti sīlaparidhaṃsanaṃ visuṃ gahitaṃ. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘natthi imesaṃ samaṇadhammo’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Samaṇadhammo</span>ti ca sīlasaṃyamaṃ sandhāya vadati. <span class="bld">Jānaṃ vā</span>ti yaṃ upavadati, tassa ariyabhāvaṃ jānanto vā. <span class="bld">Ajānaṃ vā</span>ti ajānanto vā. Jānanājānanañcettha appamāṇaṃ, ariyabhāvo eva pamāṇaṃ. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘ubhayathāpi ariyūpavādova hotī’’</span>ti. ‘‘Ariyoti pana ajānato aduṭṭhacittasseva tattha ariyaguṇabhāvaṃ pavedentassa guṇaparidhaṃsanaṃ na hotīti tassa ariyūpavādo natthī’’ti vadanti. <span class="bld">Bhāriyaṃ kamma</span>nti ānantariyasadisattā bhāriyaṃ kammaṃ, satekicchaṃ pana hoti khamāpanena, na ānantariyaṃ viya atekicchaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tassa</span> <a name="V1.0353"></a> <span class="bld">ca āvibhāvattha</span>nti bhāriyādisabhāvassa pakāsanatthaṃ. <span class="bld">Taṃ jigucchī</span>ti taṃ theraṃ, taṃ vā kiriyaṃ jigucchi. <span class="bld">Aticchāto</span>ti ativiya khudābhibhūto. <span class="bld">Mahallako</span>ti samaṇānaṃ sāruppamasāruppaṃ, lokasamudācāramattaṃ vā na jānātīti adhippāyena vuttattā guṇaparidhaṃsanena garahatīti <a name="M1.0404"></a> veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Amhākaṃ lajjitabbakaṃ akāsī</span>ti ‘‘samaṇena nāma evaṃ kata’’nti vutte mayaṃ sīsaṃ ukkhipituṃ na sakkomāti adhippāyo. Jānanto eva thero <span class="bld">‘‘atthi te āvuso imasmiṃ sāsane patiṭṭhā’’</span>ti pucchi. Itaropi saccābhisamayo sāsane patiṭṭhāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sotāpanno aha’’</span>nti. Thero taṃ karuṇāyamāno <span class="bld">‘‘khīṇāsavo tayā upavadito’’</span>ti attānaṃ āvi akāsi. <span class="bld">Tenassa taṃ pākatikaṃ ahosī</span>ti tena assa taṃ kammaṃ maggāvaraṇaṃ nāhosīti adhippāyo. Pubbeva pana sotāpannattā apāyagāmīnaṃ suppahīnabhāvato saggāvaraṇamassa kātumasamatthameva taṃ kammaṃ. <span class="bld">Attanā vuḍḍhataro hotī</span>ti ettha ‘‘ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā khamāpetabbo’’ti <span class="bld">visuddhimagge</span> vuttaṃ. Sotāpannasakadāgāmino dosenapi nakkhamanti, sesaariyā vā tassa atthakāmā hutvā āyatiṃ saṃvaraṇatthāya na khamāpeyyunti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sace so nakkhamatī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Attanā vuḍḍhataro hoti, ṭhitakenevā</span>ti etthāpi ‘‘ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā’’ti <span class="bld">visuddhimagge</span> (visuddhi. 2.411) vuttaṃ. Evañhi tattha vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Sace disāpakkanto hoti, sayaṃ vā gantvā saddhivihārike vā pesetvā khamāpetabbo. Sace nāpi gantuṃ, na pesetuṃ sakkā hoti, ye tasmiṃ vihāre bhikkhū vasanti, tesaṃ santikaṃ gantvā sace navakatarā honti, ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā, sace vuḍḍhatarā, vuḍḍhesu vuttanayeneva paṭipajjitvā ‘ahaṃ, bhante, asukaṃ nāma āyasmantaṃ idañcidañca avacaṃ, khamatu me so āyasmā’ti vatvā khamāpetabbaṃ. Sammukhā akhamantepi etadeva kātabba’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ pana parampi tattha (visuddhi. 2.411) vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Sace ekacārikabhikkhu hoti, nevassa vasanaṭṭhānaṃ, na gataṭṭhānaṃ paññāyati, ekassa paṇḍitassa bhikkhuno santikaṃ gantvā ‘ahaṃ, bhante, asukaṃ nāma āyasmantaṃ idañcidañca avacaṃ, taṃ me anussarato anussarato vippaṭisāro hoti, kiṃ karomī’ti vattabbaṃ. So vakkhati ‘tumhe mā cintayittha, thero tumhākaṃ khamati, cittaṃ vūpasamethā’ti. Tenapi ariyassa gatadisābhimukhena añjaliṃ paggahetvā ‘khamatū’ti vattabba’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Parinibbutamañcaṭṭhāna</span>nti <a name="M1.0405"></a><a name="V1.0354"></a> pūjākaraṇaṭṭhānaṃ sandhāyāha. <span class="bld">Pākatikameva hotī</span>ti evaṃ kate attano cittaṃ pasīdatīti taṃ kammaṃ saggāvaraṇaṃ maggāvaraṇañca na hotīti adhippāyoti keci vadanti. <span class="bld">Cariyāpiṭake mātaṅgacaritasaṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ</span> (cariyā. aṭṭha. 2.64) –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Pāramitāparibhāvanasamiddhāhi nānāsamāpattivihāraparipūritāhi sīladiṭṭhisampadāhi susaṅkhatasantāne mahākaruṇādhivāse mahāsatte ariyūpavādakammaabhisapasaṅkhātaṃ pharusavacanaṃ saṃyuttaṃ mahāsattassa khettavisesabhāvato tassa ca ajjhāsayapharusatāya diṭṭhadhammavedanīyaṃ hutvā sace so mahāsattaṃ na khamāpeti, sattame divase vipaccanasabhāvaṃ jātaṃ. Khamāpite pana mahāsatte payogasampattiyā vipākassa paṭibāhitattā avipākadhammataṃ āpajji ahosikammabhāvato. Ayañhi ariyūpavādapāpassa diṭṭhadhammavedanīyassa ca dhammatā’’ti –</p>
<p class="unindented"><span class="bld">Ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> vuttattā evaṃ khamāpite taṃ kammaṃ payogasampattiyā vipākassa paṭibāhitattā ahosikammabhāvena avipākadhammataṃ āpannanti neva saggāvaraṇaṃ na mokkhāvaraṇañca hotīti evamettha attho gahetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Viparītaṃ dassanametesanti <span class="bld">viparītadassanā</span>. Samādātabbaṭṭhena samādānāni, kammāni samādānāni yesaṃ te kammasamādānā, micchādiṭṭhivasena kammasamādānā <span class="bld">micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā,</span> hetuatthaṃ vā antogadhaṃ katvā micchādiṭṭhivasena pare kammesu samādāpakā <span class="bld">micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā</span>. Tayimaṃ atthaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘micchādiṭṭhivasenā’’</span>tiādimāha. Ye ca…pe… samādapenti, tepi micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānāti yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Sīlasampanno</span>tiādi paripakkindriyassa maggasamaṅgino vasena vuttaṃ, aggamaggaṭṭhe pana vattabbameva natthi. Atha vā aggamaggapariyāpannā eva sīlādayo veditabbā. Aggamaggaṭṭhassa hi diṭṭheva dhamme ekaṃsikā aññārādhanā, itaresaṃ anekaṃsikā. <span class="bld">Añña</span>nti arahattaṃ. <span class="bld">Evaṃsampadamida</span>nti ettha sampajjanaṃ sampadā, nipphatti, evaṃ avirajjhanakanipphattikanti attho, yathā taṃ avassambhāvī, evamidampīti vuttaṃ hoti<a name="M1.0406"></a>. Yathā hi maggānantaraṃ avirajjhitvāva phalaṃ nibbattaṃ, evametaṃ imassapi puggalassa cutianantaraṃ avirajjhitvāva niraye paṭisandhi hotīti dasseti. Sakalasmiñhi buddhavacane na imāya upamāya gāḷhataraṃ katvā vuttaupamā atthi. <span class="bld">Taṃ vācaṃ appahāyā</span>tiādīsu (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.149) ariyūpavādaṃ sandhāya ‘‘puna evarūpiṃ vācaṃ na vakkhāmī’’ti vadanto vācaṃ pajahati nāma, ‘‘puna evarūpaṃ cittaṃ na uppādessāmī’’ti cintento <a name="V1.0355"></a> cittaṃ pajahati nāma, ‘‘puna evarūpiṃ diṭṭhiṃ na gaṇhissāmī’’ti pajahanto diṭṭhiṃ pajahati nāma. Tathā akaronto neva pajahati na paṭinissajjati. <span class="bld">Yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye</span>ti yathā nirayapālehi āharitvā niraye ṭhapito, evaṃ niraye ṭhapitoyeva, nāssa nirayūpapattiyā koci vibandho. Tatrāyaṃ yutti – nirayūpago ariyūpavādī tadādāyakassa avijahanato seyyathāpi micchādiṭṭhīti. Ettha ca ‘‘taṃ vācaṃ appahāyā’’ti evamādivacanena tadādāyakassa appahāneneva ariyūpavādo antarāyiko anatthāvahova, pahānena pana accayaṃ desetvā khamāpanena na antarāyiko anatthāvaho yathā taṃ vuṭṭhitā desitā ca āpattīti dasseti. Micchādiṭṭhivasena akattabbaṃ nāma pāpaṃ natthi, yato saṃsārakhāṇubhāvopi nāma hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘micchādiṭṭhiparamāni, bhikkhave, vajjānī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ucchinnabhavanettiko, bhikkhave, tathāgatassa kāyo tiṭṭhati (dī. ni. 1. 147), ayañceva kāyo bahiddhā ca nāmarūpa’’nti ca evamādīsu viya idha <span class="bld">kāya</span>-saddo khandhapañcakavisayoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘kāyassa bhedāti upādinnakkhandhapariccāgā’’</span>ti. Avītarāgassa maraṇato paraṃ nāma bhavantarūpādānamevāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘paraṃ maraṇāti tadanantaraṃ abhinibbattakkhandhaggahaṇe’’</span>ti. Yena tiṭṭhati, tassa upacchedeneva kāyo bhijjatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘kāyassa bhedāti jīvitindriyassa upacchedā’’</span>ti. Eti imasmā sukhanti ayo, puññanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘puññasammatā ayā’’</span>ti. Āyanti etasmā sukhānīti āyo, puññakammādīnaṃ sukhasādhanaṃ. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘sukhānaṃ vā āyassa abhāvā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Vivasā</span>ti kammassa vase vattanato attano vase vattituṃ na sakkontīti vigato vaso etesanti vivasā, avasavattinoti <a name="M1.0407"></a> attho. Iyati assādīyatīti ayo, assādoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘assādasaññito ayo’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nāgarājādīna</span>nti <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena supaṇṇādīnaṃ saṅgaho. <span class="bld">Asurasadisa</span>nti petāsurasadisaṃ. <span class="bld">So hī</span>ti so asurakāyo. <span class="bld">Sabbasamussayehī</span>ti sabbehi sampattisamussayehi, sabbasampattirāsitoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Vuttavipariyāyenā</span>ti ‘‘suṭṭhu caritaṃ, sobhanaṃ vā caritaṃ anavajjattāti sucarita’’ntiādinā kāyaduccaritenātiādīnaṃ padānaṃ vuttassa atthassa vipariyāyena. ‘‘Ito bho sugatiṃ gacchā’’ti (itivu. 83) vacanato manussagatipi sugatiyevāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sugatiggahaṇena manussagatipi saṅgayhatī’’</span>ti. Sesamettha vuttanayattā uttānatthato ca suviññeyyameva.</p>
<p class="centered">Dibbacakkhuñāṇakathā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Āsavakkhayañāṇakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para14"></a><span class="paranum">14</span>. <span class="bld">Vipassanāpādaka</span>nti <a name="V1.0356"></a> vipassanāya padaṭṭhānabhūtaṃ. Vipassanā ca tividhā vipassakapuggalabhedena. Mahābodhisattānañhi paccekabodhisattānañca cintāmayañāṇasaṃvaddhitattā sayambhūñāṇabhūtā, itaresaṃ sutamayañāṇasaṃvaddhitattā paropadesasambhūtā. Sā ‘‘ṭhapetvā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ avasesarūpārūpajjhānānaṃ aññatarato vuṭṭhāyā’’tiādinā anekadhā arūpamukhavasena catudhātuvavatthāne vuttānaṃ tesaṃ tesaṃ dhātupariggahamukhānaṃ aññataramukhavasena anekadhāva <span class="bld">visuddhimagge</span> nānānayato vibhāvitā. Mahābodhisattānaṃ pana catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassamukhena pabhedagamanato nānānayaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇasannissayassa ariyamaggañāṇassa adhiṭṭhānabhūtaṃ pubbabhāgañāṇagabbhaṃ gaṇhāpentaṃ paripākaṃ gacchantaṃ paramagambhīraṃ saṇhasukhumataraṃ anaññasādhāraṇaṃ vipassanāñāṇaṃ hoti. Yaṃ aṭṭhakathāsu mahāvajiraññāṇanti vuccati. Yassa ca pavattivibhāgena catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassapabhedassa pādakabhāvena samāpajjiyamānā catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassasaṅkhyā devasikaṃ satthu vaḷañjanakasamāpattiyo vuccanti, svāyaṃ buddhānaṃ vipassanācāro <span class="bld">paramatthamañjusāyaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0408"></a> visuddhimaggavaṇṇanāyaṃ uddesato dassito, atthikehi tato gahetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āsavānaṃ khepanato samucchindanato āsavakkhayo ariyamaggo, ukkaṭṭhaniddesavasena arahattamaggaggahaṇaṃ. Āsavānaṃ khaye ñāṇaṃ āsavakkhayañāṇanti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘tatra cetaṃ ñāṇa’’</span>nti vatvā <span class="bld">khaye</span>ti ca ādhāre bhummaṃ, na visayeti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘tappariyāpannattā’’</span>ti āha. <span class="bld">Idaṃ dukkha</span>nti dukkhassa ariyasaccassa tadā paccakkhato gahitabhāvadassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Ettakaṃ dukkha</span>nti tassa paricchijja gahitabhāvadassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Na ito bhiyyo</span>ti anavasesetvā gahitabhāvadassanaṃ. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘sabbampi dukkhasacca’’</span>ntiādi. <span class="bld">Sarasalakkhaṇapaṭivedhenā</span>ti sabhāvasaṅkhātassa lakkhaṇassa asammohato paṭivijjhanena. Asammohapaṭivedhoti ca yathā tasmiṃ ñāṇe pavatte pacchā dukkhassa sarūpādiparicchede sammoho na hoti, tathā pavatti. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsi’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Nibbattika</span>nti nipphādentaṃ. <span class="bld">Yaṃ ṭhānaṃ patvā</span>ti yaṃ nibbānaṃ maggassa ārammaṇapaccayaṭṭhena kāraṇabhūtaṃ āgamma. Tadubhayavato hi puggalassa patti tadubhayassa pattīti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Patvā</span>ti vā pāpuṇanahetu. <span class="bld">Appavatti</span>nti appavattinimittaṃ. Te vā na pavattanti etthāti appavatti, nibbānaṃ. <span class="bld">Tassā</span>ti dukkhanirodhassa. <span class="bld">Sampāpaka</span>nti sacchikiriyāvasena sammadeva pāpakaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kilesavasenā</span>ti <a name="V1.0357"></a> āsavasaṅkhātakilesavasena. Yasmā āsavānaṃ dukkhasaccapariyāyo, tappariyāpannattā, sesasaccānañca taṃsamudayādipariyāyo atthi, tasmā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘pariyāyato’’</span>ti. Dassento saccānīti yojanā. Āsavānaṃyeva cettha gahaṇaṃ ‘‘āsavānaṃ khayañāṇāyā’’ti āraddhattā. Tathā hi āsavavimuttisīseneva sabbasaṃkilesavimutti vuttā. <span class="bld">Idaṃ dukkhanti yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsi</span>ntiādinā missakamaggo idha kathitoti <span class="bld">‘‘saha vipassanāya koṭippattaṃ maggaṃ kathetī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Ettha ca saccappaṭivedhassa tadā atītakālikattā ‘‘yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsi’’nti vatvāpi abhisamayakāle tassa paccuppannataṃ upādāya ‘‘evaṃ jānato evaṃ passato’’ti vattamānakālena niddeso kato. So ca kāmaṃ maggakkhaṇato paraṃ yāvajjatanā atītakāliko eva, sabbapaṭhamaṃ panassa atītakālikattaṃ phalakkhaṇeneva veditabbanti <a name="M1.0409"></a> āha <span class="bld">‘‘vimuccitthāti iminā phalakkhaṇaṃ dassetī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Jānato passato</span>ti vā hetuniddesoyaṃ. Jānanahetu dassanahetu kāmāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccitthāti yojanā. Bhavāsavaggahaṇeneva cettha bhavarāgassa viya bhavadiṭṭhiyāpi samavarodhoti diṭṭhāsavassapi saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā pahīnakilesapaccavekkhaṇena vijjamānassapi kammassa āyatiṃ appaṭisandhikabhāvato ‘‘khīṇā jātī’’ti jānāti, yasmā ca maggapaccavekkhaṇādīhi vusitaṃ brahmacariyantiādiṃ pajānāti, tasmā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘khīṇā jātīti ādīhi tassa bhūmi’’</span>nti. Tattha <span class="bld">tassā</span>ti paccavekkhaṇañāṇassa. <span class="bld">Bhūmi</span>nti pavattiṭṭhānaṃ. Yenādhippāyena <span class="bld">‘‘katamā panā’’</span>tiādinā codanā katā, taṃ pakāsetvā parihāraṃ vattukāmo āha <span class="bld">‘‘na tāvassā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Na tāvassa atītā jāti khīṇā</span>ti maggabhāvanāya na khīṇāti adhippāyo. Tattha kāraṇamāha <span class="bld">‘‘pubbeva khīṇattā’’</span>ti. Na anāgatā assa jāti khīṇāti yojanā. <span class="bld">Na anāgatā</span>ti ca anāgatattasāmaññaṃ gahetvā lesena vadati. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘anāgate vāyāmābhāvato’’</span>ti. Vijjamāneyeva hi payogo sambhavati, nāvijjamāneti adhippāyo. Anāgataviseso panettha adhippeto, tassa ca khepane vāyāmopi labbhateva. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘yā pana maggassā’’</span>tiādi. ‘‘Yā panā’’ti hi ādinā maggabhāvanāya anāgatajātiyā eva hetuvināsanadvārena khīṇabhāvo pakāsīyati. <span class="bld">Ekacatupañcavokārabhavesū</span>ti bhavattayaggahaṇaṃ vuttanayena anavasesato jātiyā khīṇabhāvadassanatthaṃ. <span class="bld">Ta</span>nti yathāvuttajātiṃ. <span class="bld">So</span>ti bhagavā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Brahmacariyavāso nāma idha maggabrahmacariyassa nibbattanamevāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘niṭṭhita’’</span>nti. Sammādiṭṭhiyā catūsu saccesu pariññādikiccasādhanavasena pavattamānāya sammāsaṅkappādīnampi dukkhasacce pariññābhisamayānuguṇā pavatti, itarasaccesu ca nesaṃ pahānābhisamayādivasena pavatti <a name="V1.0358"></a> pākaṭā eva. Tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘catūhi maggehi pariññāpahānasacchikiriyābhāvanābhisamayavasenā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Nāparaṃ itthattāyā</span>ti ime pakārā itthaṃ, tabbhāvo itthattaṃ, tadatthanti vuttaṃ hoti. Te pana pakārā ariyamaggabyāpārabhūtā pariññādayo idhādhippetāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃsoḷasakiccabhāvāyā’’</span>ti. Te hi maggaṃ paccavekkhato maggānubhāvena pākaṭā hutvā upaṭṭhahanti<a name="M1.0410"></a>, pariññādīsu ca pahānameva padhānaṃ, tadatthattāya itaresanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘kilesakkhayāya vā’’</span>ti. Pahīnakilesapaccavekkhaṇavasena vā etaṃ vuttaṃ. ‘‘Nāparaṃ itthattāyāti abbhaññāsi’’nti etthāyamaparo nayo – <span class="bld">itthattāyā</span>ti nissakke sampadānavacanaṃ. Tenāyamattho – itthattāya itthambhāvato imasmā evaṃpakārā idāni vattamānakkhandhasantānā aparaṃ anāgatakkhandhasantānaṃ mayhaṃ natthi, ime pana carimattabhāvasaṅkhātā pañcakkhandhā pariññātā appatiṭṭhā tiṭṭhanti chinnamūlakā rukkhā viya. Apariññātamūlakā hi patiṭṭhā. Yathāha ‘‘kabaḷīkāre ce, bhikkhave, āhāre atthi rāgo atthi nandī atthi taṇhā, patiṭṭhitaṃ tattha viññāṇaṃ viruḷha’’ntiādi (saṃ. ni. 2.64; kathā. 296; mahāni. 7). Te pana pañcakkhandhā carimakaviññāṇanirodhena anupādāno viya jātavedo nibbāyissantīti abbhaññāsinti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paccavekkhaṇañāṇapariggahita</span>nti na paṭhamadutiyañāṇadvayādhigamaṃ viya kevalanti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Dassento</span>ti nigamanavasena dassento. Sarūpato hi pubbe dassitamevāti. Sesamettha vuttanayattā suviññeyyameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tikkhattuṃ jāto</span>ti iminā pana idaṃ dasseti ‘‘ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, paṭhamavijjāya jātoyeva purejātassa sahajātassa vā abhāvato sabbesaṃ vuḍḍho mahallako, kimaṅgaṃ pana tīhi vijjāhi tikkhattuṃ jātoti. <span class="bld">Pubbenivāsañāṇena atītaṃsañāṇa</span>nti atītārammaṇasabhāgatāya tabbhāvībhāvato ca pubbenivāsañāṇena atītaṃsañāṇaṃ pakāsetvāti yojetabbaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">atītaṃsañāṇa</span>nti atītakkhandhāyatanadhātusaṅkhāte atītakoṭṭhāse appaṭihatañāṇaṃ. Dibbacakkhuñāṇassa paccuppannārammaṇattā yathākammūpagañāṇassa anāgataṃsañāṇassa ca dibbacakkhuvaseneva ijjhanato dibbacakkhuno paribhaṇḍañāṇattā dibbacakkhumhiyeva ca ṭhitassa cetopariyañāṇasiddhito vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘dibbacakkhunā paccuppannānāgataṃsañāṇa’’</span>nti. Tattha <span class="bld">dibbacakkhunā</span>ti saparibhaṇḍena dibbacakkhuñāṇena. Paccuppannaṃso ca anāgataṃso ca paccuppannānāgataṃsaṃ, tattha ñāṇaṃ <span class="bld">paccuppannānāgataṃsañāṇaṃ</span>. Āsavakkhayañāṇādhigameneva sabbaññutaññāṇassa viya sesāsādhāraṇañāṇadasabalañāṇaāveṇikabuddhadhammādīnampi anaññasādhāraṇānaṃ buddhaguṇānaṃ ijjhanato <a name="M1.0411"></a><a name="V1.0359"></a> vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘āsavakkhayena sakalalokiyalokuttaraguṇa’’</span>nti. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘sabbepi sabbaññuguṇe pakāsetvā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="centered">Āsavakkhayañāṇakathā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Desanānumodanakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para15"></a><span class="paranum">15</span>. <span class="bld">Pītivipphāraparipuṇṇagattacitto</span>ti pītipharaṇena paripuṇṇakāyacitto. <span class="bld">Aññāṇa</span>nti aññāṇassāti attho. <span class="bld">Dhī</span>saddassa yogato hi sāmiatthe etaṃ upayogavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Abhikkantā</span>ti ettha atikkantā, vigatāti atthoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘khaye dissatī’’</span>ti. Teneva hi <span class="bld">‘‘nikkhanto paṭhamo yāmo’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Abhikkantataro cā</span>ti ativiya kantataro manoramo, tādiso ca sundaro bhaddako nāma hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sundare dissatī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Ko</span>ti devanāgayakkhagandhabbādīsu ko katamo. <span class="bld">Me</span>ti mama. <span class="bld">Pādānī</span>ti pāde. <span class="bld">Iddhiyā</span>ti imāya evarūpāya deviddhiyā. <span class="bld">Yasasā</span>ti iminā edisena parivārena paricchedena. <span class="bld">Jala</span>nti vijjotamāno. <span class="bld">Abhikkantenā</span>ti ativiya kantena kamanīyena abhirūpena. <span class="bld">Vaṇṇenā</span>ti chavivaṇṇena sarīravaṇṇanibhāya. <span class="bld">Sabbā obhāsayaṃ disā</span>ti dasapi disā pabhāsento cando viya sūriyo viya ca ekobhāsaṃ ekālokaṃ karontoti gāthāya attho. <span class="bld">Abhirūpe</span>ti uḷārarūpe sampannarūpe.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Abhikkantaṃ bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ bho gotamā</span>ti vacanadvayassa <span class="bld">‘‘sādhu sādhu bho gotamā’’</span>ti āmeḍitavasena atthaṃ dassetvā tassa visayaṃ niddhārento āha <span class="bld">‘‘bhaye kodhe’’</span>tiādi. Tattha ‘‘coro coro, sappo sappo’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">bhaye</span> āmeḍitaṃ. ‘‘Vijjha vijjha, pahara paharā’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">kodhe</span>. ‘‘Sādhu sādhū’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">pasaṃsāyaṃ</span>. ‘‘Gaccha gaccha, lunāhi lunāhī’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">turite</span>. ‘‘Āgaccha āgacchā’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">kotūhale</span>. ‘‘Buddho buddhoti cintento’’tiādīsu (bu. vaṃ. 2.44) <span class="bld">acchare</span>. ‘‘Abhikkamathāyasmanto, abhikkamathāyasmanto’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 3.20; a. ni. 9.11) <span class="bld">hāse</span>. ‘‘Kahaṃ ekaputtaka, kahaṃ ekaputtakā’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">soke</span>. ‘‘Aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha’’ntiādīsu (udā. 20; cūḷava. 332) <span class="bld">pasāde</span>. <span class="bld">Ca</span>-saddo avuttasamuccayattho<a name="M1.0412"></a>. Tena garahaasammānādīnaṃ saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. Tattha ‘‘pāpo pāpo’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">garahāyaṃ</span>. ‘‘Abhirūpaka abhirūpakā’’tiādīsu <span class="bld">asammāne</span> daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nayidaṃ <a name="V1.0360"></a> āmeḍitavasena dvikkhattuṃ vuttaṃ, atha kho atthadvayavasenāti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘atha vā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Abhikkanta</span>nti vacanaṃ apekkhitvā napuṃsakaliṅgavasena vuttaṃ. Taṃ pana bhagavato vacanaṃ dhammassa desanāti katvā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yadidaṃ bhoto gotamassa dhammadesanā’’</span>ti. Atthamattadassanaṃ vā etaṃ, tasmā atthavasena liṅgavibhattivipariṇāmo veditabbo. Dutiyapadepi eseva nayo. <span class="bld">Dosanāsanato</span>ti rāgādikilesaviddhaṃsanato. <span class="bld">Guṇādhigamanato</span>ti sīlādiguṇānaṃ sampāpanato. Ye guṇe desanā adhigameti, tesu padhānabhūtā guṇā dassetabbāti te padhānabhūte guṇe tāva dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘saddhājananato paññājananato’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Saddhāpamukhā hi lokiyā guṇā, paññāpamukhā lokuttarā. <span class="bld">Sātthato</span>tiādīsu sīlādiatthasampattiyā <span class="bld">sātthato,</span> sabhāvaniruttisampattiyā <span class="bld">sabyañjanato</span>. Suviññeyyasaddappayogatāya <span class="bld">uttānapadato,</span> saṇhasukhumabhāvena duviññeyyatthatāya <span class="bld">gambhīratthato</span>. Siniddhamudumadhurasaddappayogatāya <span class="bld">kaṇṇasukhato,</span> vipulavisuddhapemanīyatthatāya <span class="bld">hadayaṅgamato</span>. Mānātimānavidhamanena <span class="bld">anattukkaṃsanato,</span> thambhasārambhanimmaddanena <span class="bld">aparavambhanato</span>. Hitādhippāyappavattiyā paresaṃ rāgapariḷāhādivūpasamanena <span class="bld">karuṇāsītalato,</span> kilesandhakāravidhamanena <span class="bld">paññāvadātato</span>. Karavīkarutamañjutāya <span class="bld">āpātharamaṇīyato,</span> pubbāparāviruddhasuvisuddhatthatāya <span class="bld">vimaddakkhamato</span>. Āpātharamaṇīyatāya eva <span class="bld">suyyamānasukhato,</span> vimaddakkhamatāya hitajjhāsayappavattitāya ca <span class="bld">vīmaṃsiyamānahitato</span>ti evamattho veditabbo. <span class="bld">Evamādīhī</span>ti <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena saṃsāracakkanivattanato, saddhammacakkappavattanato, micchāvādavidhamanato, sammāvādapatiṭṭhāpanato, akusalamūlasamuddharaṇato, kusalamūlasaṃropanato, apāyadvārapidhānato, saggamaggadvāravivaraṇato, pariyuṭṭhānavūpasamanato, anusayasamugghātanatoti evamādīnaṃ saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Adhomukhaṭhapita</span>nti kenaci adhomukhaṃ ṭhapitaṃ. <span class="bld">Heṭṭhāmukhajāta</span>nti sabhāveneva heṭṭhāmukhaṃ jātaṃ. <span class="bld">Ugghāṭeyyā</span>ti vivaṭaṃ kareyya. <span class="bld">Hatthe</span> <a name="M1.0413"></a> <span class="bld">gahetvā</span>ti ‘‘puratthābhimukho uttarābhimukho vā gacchā’’tiādīni avatvā hatthe gahetvā ‘‘nissandehaṃ esa maggo, evaṃ gacchā’’ti dasseyya. <span class="bld">Kāḷapakkhacātuddasī</span>ti kāḷapakkhe cātuddasī kāḷapakkhacātuddasī. <span class="bld">Nikkujjitaṃ ukkujjeyyā</span>ti ādheyyassa anādhārabhūtaṃ bhājanaṃ ādhārabhāvāpādanavasena ukkujjeyya. Heṭṭhāmukhajātatāya <span class="bld">saddhammavimukhaṃ</span> adhomukhaṭhapitatāya <span class="bld">asaddhamme patiṭṭhita</span>nti evaṃ padadvayaṃ yathārahaṃ yojetabbaṃ, na yathāsaṅkhyaṃ. Kāmaṃ kāmacchandādayopi paṭicchādakā nīvaraṇabhāvato, micchādiṭṭhi pana savisesaṃ paṭicchādikā satte micchābhinivesanenāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘micchādiṭṭhigahanapaṭicchanna’’</span>nti. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘micchādiṭṭhiparamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, vajjaṃ vadāmī’’ti. Sabbo apāyagāmimaggo <span class="bld">kummaggo</span> kucchito maggoti katvā, sammādiṭṭhiādīnaṃ ujupaṭipakkhatāya micchādiṭṭhiādayo aṭṭha <a name="V1.0361"></a> micchattadhammā <span class="bld">micchāmaggo</span>. Teneva hi tadubhayapaṭipakkhataṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘saggamokkhamaggaṃ ācikkhantenā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Sappiādisannissayo padīpo na tathā, ujjalo yathā telasannissayoti telapajjotaggahaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Etehi pariyāyehī</span>ti etehi nikkujjitukkujjanapaṭicchannavivaraṇādiupamopamitabbappakārehi, etehi vā yathāvuttehi arasarūpatādīnaṃ attani aññathā paṭipādanapariyāyehi attano dibbavihāravibhāvanapariyāyehi vijjattayavibhāvanāpadesena attano sabbaññuguṇavibhāvanapariyāyehi ca. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="centered">Desanānumodanakathā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pasannākārakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pasannākāra</span>nti pasannehi kātabbaṃ sakkāraṃ. <span class="bld">Saraṇaṃ gacchāmī</span>ti ettha iti-saddo luttaniddiṭṭhoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘saraṇanti gacchāmī’’</span>ti. Ettha hi nāyaṃ gamisaddo nīsaddādayo viya dvikammako, tasmā yathā ajaṃ gāmaṃ netīti vuccati, evaṃ ‘‘gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmī’’ti vattuṃ na sakkā, ‘‘saraṇanti gacchāmī’’ti pana vattabbaṃ, tasmā ettha iti-saddo luttaniddiṭṭhoti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Saraṇa</span>nti paṭisaraṇaṃ. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘parāyaṇa’’</span>nti. Parāyaṇabhāvo <a name="M1.0414"></a> ca anatthanisedhanena atthasampaṭipādanena ca hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘aghassa tātā hitassa ca vidhātā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Aghassā</span>ti dukkhatoti vadanti, pāpatoti pana attho yutto, nissakke cetaṃ sāmivacanaṃ. Saraṇanti gamanañcettha tadadhippāyena bhajanaṃ tathā jānanaṃ vāti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘iti iminā adhippāyenā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">gacchāmī</span>tiādīsu purimassa purimassa pacchimaṃ pacchimaṃ atthavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Bhajanaṃ</span> vā saraṇādhippāyena upasaṅkamanaṃ, <span class="bld">sevanā</span> santikāvacaratā, <span class="bld">payirupāsanaṃ</span> vattappaṭivattakaraṇena upaṭṭhānanti evaṃ sabbathāpi anaññasaraṇataṃyeva dīpeti. <span class="bld">Gacchāmī</span>ti padassa kathaṃ bujjhāmīti ayamattho labbhatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yesaṃ hī’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Adhigatamagge sacchikatanirodhe</span>ti padadvayenapi phalaṭṭhā eva dassitā, na maggaṭṭhāti te dassento <span class="bld">‘‘yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāne cā’’</span>ti āha. Nanu ca kalyāṇaputhujjanopi yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjatīti vuccatīti? Kiñcāpi vuccati, nippariyāyena pana maggaṭṭhā eva tathā vattabbā, na itare niyāmokkamanābhāvato. Tathā hi te eva <span class="bld">‘‘apāyesu apatamāne dhāretī’’</span>ti vuttā. Sammattaniyāmokkamanena hi apāyavinimuttasambhavo. <span class="bld">Akkhāyatīti</span> ettha <span class="bld">iti</span>-saddo <a name="V1.0362"></a> ādiattho, pakārattho vā. Tena ‘‘yāvatā, bhikkhave, dhammā saṅkhatā vā asaṅkhatā vā, virāgo tesaṃ aggamakkhāyatī’’ti (itivu. 90; a. ni. 4.34) <span class="bld">suttapadaṃ</span> saṅgaṇhāti, <span class="bld">‘‘vitthāro’’</span>ti vā iminā. Ettha ca ariyamaggo niyyānikatāya, nibbānaṃ tassa tadatthasiddhihetutāyāti ubhayameva nippariyāyena dhammoti vutto. Nibbānañhi ārammaṇapaccayabhūtaṃ labhitvā ariyamaggassa tadatthasiddhi, tathāpi ariyaphalānaṃ ‘‘yasmā tāya saddhāya avūpasantāyā’’tiādivacanato maggena samucchinnānaṃ kilesānaṃ paṭippassaddhippahānakiccatāya niyyānānuguṇatāya niyyānapariyosānatāya ca. Pariyattidhammassa pana niyyānadhammasamadhigamahetutāyāti iminā pariyāyena vuttanayena dhammabhāvo labbhati eva, svāyamattho pāṭhāruḷho evāti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘na kevala’’</span>ntiādimāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Rāgavirāgoti maggo kathito</span>ti kāmarāgo bhavarāgoti evamādibhedo sabbopi rāgo virajjati pahīyati etenāti rāgavirāgoti maggo kathito. <span class="bld">Anejamasokanti phala</span>nti ejāsaṅkhātāya taṇhāya <a name="M1.0415"></a> antonijjhānalakkhaṇassa sokassa ca taduppattiyaṃ sabbaso parikkhīṇattā anejamasokanti phalaṃ kathitaṃ. <span class="bld">Appaṭikūla</span>nti avirodhadīpanato kenaci aviruddhaṃ, iṭṭhaṃ paṇītanti vā attho. Paguṇarūpena pavattitattā, pakaṭṭhaguṇavibhāvanato vā <span class="bld">paguṇaṃ</span>. Yathāha ‘‘vihiṃsasaññī paguṇaṃ nabhāsiṃ, dhammaṃ paṇītaṃ manujesu brahme’’ti (ma. ni. 1.283; mahāva. 9). Sabbadhammakkhandhā kathitāti yojanā. <span class="bld">Diṭṭhisīlasaṅghātenā</span>ti ‘‘yāyaṃ diṭṭhi ariyā niyyānikā niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāya, tathārūpāya diṭṭhiyā diṭṭhisāmaññagato viharatī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.324, 356; ma. ni. 1.492; 3.54) evaṃ vuttāya diṭṭhiyā ‘‘yāni tāni sīlāni akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni bhujissāni viññuppasatthāni aparāmaṭṭhāni samādhisaṃvattanikāni, tathārūpehi sīlehi sīlasāmaññagato viharatī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.324, 356; ma. ni. 1.492; 3.54; a. ni. 6.12) evaṃ vuttānaṃ sīlānañca saṃhatabhāvena, diṭṭhisīlasāmaññenāti attho. <span class="bld">Saṃhato</span>ti ghaṭito, sametoti attho. Ariyapuggalā hi yattha katthaci dūre ṭhitāpi attano guṇasāmaggiyā saṃhatā eva. <span class="bld">Aṭṭha ca puggalā dhammadasā te</span>ti purisayugaḷavasena cattāropi puggalavasena aṭṭheva ariyadhammassa paccakkhadassāvitāya dhammadasā. Tīṇi vatthūni saraṇanti gamanena tikkhattuṃ gamanena ca <span class="bld">tīṇi saraṇagamanāni. Paṭivedesī</span>ti attano hadayaṅgataṃ vācāya pavedesi.</p>
<p class="centered">Pasannākārakathā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Saraṇagamanakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Saraṇagamanassa <a name="V1.0363"></a> visayappabhedaphalasaṃkilesabhedānaṃ viya kattu ca vibhāvanā tattha kosallāya hotīti <span class="bld">‘‘saraṇagamanesu kosallatthaṃ saraṇaṃ…pe… veditabbo’’</span>ti vuttaṃ tena vinā saraṇagamanasseva asambhavato. Tattha <span class="bld">saraṇa</span>nti padatthato tāva hiṃsatīti saraṇaṃ. Hiṃsatthassa hi sarasaddassa vasenetaṃ padaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, tasmā saraṇagatānaṃ teneva saraṇagamanena vaṭṭabhayaṃ cittutrāsaṃ kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ duggatipariyāpannaṃ sabbampi dukkhaṃ hanati, vināsetīti attho. Ratanattayassevetaṃ adhivacanaṃ<a name="M1.0416"></a>. Atha vā hite pavattanena ‘‘sampannasīlā, bhikkhave, viharathā’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 1.64) atthe niyojanena ahitā ca nivattanena ‘‘pāṇātipātassa kho pana pāpako vipāko, pāpakaṃ abhisamparāya’’ntiādinā ādīnavadassanādimukhena anatthato nivattanena sattānaṃ bhayaṃ hiṃsati, hitāhitesu appavattipavattihetukaṃ byasanaṃ apavattikaraṇena vināseti buddho. Bhavakantārauttaraṇena maggasaṅkhāto dhammo sattānaṃ bhayaṃ hiṃsati, itaro assāsadānena. Appakānampi dānavasena pūjāvasena ca upanītānaṃ sakkārānaṃ vipulaphalapaṭilābhakaraṇena sattānaṃ bhayaṃ hiṃsati saṅgho anuttaradakkhiṇeyyabhāvato, tasmā imināpi vibhajitvā vuttapariyāyena ratanattayaṃ saraṇaṃ. ‘‘Sammāsambuddho bhagavā, svākkhāto dhammo, suppaṭipanno saṅgho’’ti evaṃ pavattaratanattayapasaādataggarukatāhi vidhutadiṭṭhivicikicchāsammohaassaddhiyāditāya vihatakileso tadeva ratanattayaṃ saraṇaṃ parāyaṇaṃ gati tāṇaṃ leṇanti evaṃ pavattiyā tapparāyaṇatākārappavatto cittuppādo <span class="bld">saraṇagamanaṃ</span> saraṇanti gacchati etenāti katvā. Tena yathāvuttacittuppādena samannāgato satto saraṇanti gacchati, vuttappakārena cittuppādena ‘‘etāni me tīṇi ratanāni saraṇaṃ, etāni parāyaṇa’’nti evaṃ upeti bhajati sevati payirupāsati, evaṃ vā jānāti, bujjhatīti attho. Evaṃ tāva saraṇaṃ, saraṇagamanaṃ, yo ca saraṇaṃ gacchati, idaṃ tayaṃ veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Saraṇagamanappabhede</span> pana duvidhaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ lokuttaraṃ lokiyañca. Tattha lokuttaraṃ diṭṭhasaccānaṃ maggakkhaṇe saraṇagamanupakkilesasamucchedanena ārammaṇato nibbānārammaṇaṃ hutvā kiccato sakalepi ratanattaye ijjhati. Atthato catusaccādhigamo eva hi lokuttarasaraṇagamanaṃ. Tattha hi nibbānadhammo sacchikiriyābhisamayavasena, maggadhammo bhāvanābhisamayavasena paṭivijjhiyamānoyeva saraṇagamanatthaṃ sādheti, buddhaguṇā pana sāvakagocarabhūtā pariññābhisamayavasena, tathā ariyasaṅghaguṇā. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘kiccato sakalepi ratanattaye ijjhatī’’ti<a name="V1.0364"></a>. Ijjhantañca saheva ijjhati, na lokiyaṃ viya paṭipāṭiyā asammohapaṭivedhena paṭividdhattā. Ye pana vadanti ‘‘na saraṇagamanaṃ nibbānārammaṇaṃ hutvā pavattati, maggassa adhigatattā pana adhigatameva hoti ekaccānaṃ tevijjādīnaṃ <a name="M1.0417"></a> lokiyavijjādayo viyā’’ti, tesaṃ lokiyameva saraṇagamanaṃ siyā, na lokuttaraṃ. Tañca ayuttaṃ duvidhassapi icchitabbattā. Lokiyaṃ pana saraṇagamanaṃ puthujjanānaṃ saraṇagamanupakkilesavikkhambhanena ārammaṇato buddhādiguṇārammaṇaṃ hutvā ijjhati. Taṃ atthato buddhādīsu vatthūsu ‘‘sammāsambuddho bhagavā’’tiādinā saddhāpaṭilābho yathāvuttasaddhāpubbaṅgamā ca sammādiṭṭhi, dasasu puññakiriyavatthūsu diṭṭhijukammanti vuccati. Ettha ca ‘‘saddhāpaṭilābho’’ti iminā mātādīhi ussāhitadārakādīnaṃ viya ñāṇavippayuttasaraṇagamanaṃ dassitanti veditabbaṃ. ‘‘Sammādiṭṭhī’’ti iminā pana ñāṇasampayuttaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ dassitaṃ buddhasubuddhataṃ dhammasudhammataṃ saṅghasuppaṭipattiñca lokiyāvabodhavaseneva sammā ñāyena dassanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tayidaṃ lokiyasaraṇagamanaṃ catudhā pavattati attasanniyyātanena tapparāyaṇatāya sissabhāvūpagamanena paṇipātenāti. Tattha <span class="bld">attasanniyyātanaṃ</span> nāma ‘‘ajja ādiṃ katvā ahaṃ attānaṃ buddhassa niyyātemi, dhammassa, saṅghassā’’ti evaṃ buddhādīnaṃyeva saṃsāradukkhanittharaṇatthaṃ attano attabhāvassa pariccajanaṃ. <span class="bld">Tapparāyaṇatā</span> nāma ‘‘ajja ādiṃ katvā ahaṃ buddhaparāyaṇo dhammaparāyaṇo saṅghaparāyaṇoti maṃ dhārethā’’ti evaṃ tapparāyaṇabhāvo. <span class="bld">Sissabhāvūpagamanaṃ</span> nāma ‘‘ajja ādiṃ katvā ‘ahaṃ buddhassa antevāsiko, dhammassa, saṅghassā’ti maṃ dhārethā’’ti evaṃ sissabhāvūpagamo. <span class="bld">Paṇipāto</span> nāma ‘‘ajja ādiṃ katvā ‘ahaṃ abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ buddhādīnaṃyeva tiṇṇaṃ vatthūnaṃ karomī’ti maṃ dhārethā’’ti evaṃ buddhādīsu paramanipaccakāro. Imesañhi catunnaṃ ākārānaṃ aññatarampi karontena gahitaṃyeva hoti saraṇagamanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica ‘‘bhagavato attānaṃ pariccajāmi, dhammassa saṅghassa attānaṃ pariccajāmi, jīvitaṃ pariccajāmi, pariccattoyeva me attā, pariccattaṃyeva me jīvitaṃ, jīvitapariyantikaṃ buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, buddho me saraṇaṃ leṇaṃ tāṇa’’nti evampi <span class="bld">attasanniyyātanaṃ</span> veditabbaṃ. ‘‘Satthārañca vatāhaṃ passāmi, bhagavantameva passāmi, sugatañca vatāhaṃ passāmi, bhagavantameva passāmi, sammāsambuddhañca vatāhaṃ passāmi, bhagavantameva passāmī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.154) evaṃ mahākassapattherassa saraṇagamanaṃ viya <span class="bld">sissabhāvūpagamanaṃ</span> daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘So <a name="M1.0418"></a><a name="V1.0365"></a> ahaṃ vicarissāmi, gāmā gāmaṃ purā puraṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Namassamāno sambuddhaṃ, dhammassa ca sudhammataṃ. (saṃ. ni. 1.246; su. ni. 194);</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Te mayaṃ vicarissāma, gāmā gāmaṃ nagā nagaṃ…pe… sudhammata’’nti. (su. ni. 182) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evampi āḷavakasātāgirahemavatādīnaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ viya <span class="bld">tapparāyaṇatā</span> veditabbā. Nanu cete āḷavakādayo maggeneva āgatasaraṇagamanā, kathaṃ tesaṃ tapparāyaṇatāsaraṇagamanaṃ vuttanti? Maggenāgatasaraṇagamanehipi ‘‘sohaṃ vicarissāmi gāmā gāma’’ntiādinā (saṃ. ni. 1.246; su. ni. 194) tehi tapparāyaṇatākārassa paveditattā tathā vuttaṃ. Atha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavato pādāni mukhena ca paricumbati, pāṇīhi ca parisambāhati, nāmañca sāveti ‘‘brahmāyu ahaṃ, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo, brahmāyu ahaṃ, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo’’ti (ma. ni. 2.394) evampi <span class="bld">paṇipāto</span> daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So panesa ñātibhayācariyadakkhiṇeyyatāvasena catubbidho hoti. Tattha dakkhiṇeyyatāhetukena paṇipātena saraṇagamanaṃ hoti, na itarehi ñātibhayādivasappavattehi tīhi paṇipātehi. Seṭṭhavaseneva hi saraṇaṃ gayhati, seṭṭhavasena bhijjati, tasmā yo sākiyo vā koliyo vā ‘‘buddho amhākaṃ ñātako’’ti vandati, aggahitameva hoti saraṇaṃ. Yo vā ‘‘samaṇo gotamo rājapūjito mahānubhāvo avandiyamāno anatthampi kareyyā’’ti bhayena vandati, aggahitameva hoti saraṇaṃ. Yopi bodhisattakāle bhagavato santike kiñci uggahitaṃ saramāno buddhakāle vā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ekena bhogaṃ bhuñjeyya, dvīhi kammaṃ payojaye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Catutthañca nidhāpeyya, āpadāsu bhavissatī’’ti. (dī. ni. 3.265) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evarūpiṃ diṭṭhadhammikaṃ anusāsaniṃ uggahetvā ‘‘ācariyo me’’ti vandati, aggahitameva hoti saraṇaṃ, samparāyikaṃ pana niyyānikaṃ vā anusāsaniṃ paccāsīsanto dakkhiṇeyyapaṇipātameva karoti. Yo pana ‘‘ayaṃ loke aggadakkhiṇeyyo’’ti vandati, teneva gahitaṃ hoti saraṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M1.0419"></a><a name="V1.0366"></a> gahitasaraṇassa ca upāsakassa vā upāsikāya vā aññatitthiyesu pabbajitampi ñātiṃ ‘‘ñātako me aya’’nti vandatopi saraṇagamanaṃ na bhijjati, pageva apabbajitaṃ. Tathā rājānaṃ bhayavasena vandato. So hi raṭṭhapūjitattā avandiyamāno anatthampi kareyyāti. Tathā yaṃ kiñci sippasikkhāpakaṃ titthiyampi ‘‘ācariyo me aya’’nti vandatopi na bhijjati. Evaṃ <span class="bld">saraṇagamanassa pabhedo</span> veditabbo.</p>
<p class="centered">Saraṇagamanakathā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Saraṇagamanaphalakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca lokuttarassa saraṇagamanassa cattāri sāmaññaphalāni vipākaphalaṃ ariyamaggasseva lokuttarasaraṇagamananti adhippetattā. Sakalassa pana vaṭṭadukkhassa anuppādanirodho ānisaṃsaphalaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yo ca buddhañca dhammañca, saṅghañca saraṇaṃ gato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Cattāri ariyasaccāni, sammappaññāya passati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dukkhaṃ dukkhasamuppādaṃ, dukkhassa ca atikkamaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ariyañcaṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Etaṃ kho saraṇaṃ khemaṃ, etaṃ saraṇamuttamaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Etaṃ saraṇamāgamma, sabbadukkhā pamuccatī’’ti. (dha. pa. 190-192);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica niccato anupagamanādivasena petassa ānisaṃsaphalaṃ veditabbaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Aṭṭhānametaṃ, bhikkhave, anavakāso, yaṃ diṭṭhisampanno puggalo kañci saṅkhāraṃ niccato upagaccheyya, sukhato upagaccheyya, kañci dhammaṃ attato upagaccheyya, mātaraṃ jīvitā voropeyya, pitaraṃ jīvitā voropeyya, arahantaṃ jīvitā voropeyya, paduṭṭhacitto tathāgatassa lohitaṃ uppādeyya, saṅghaṃ bhindeyya, aññaṃ satthāraṃ uddiseyya, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.128; a. ni. 1.276).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Lokiyassa <a name="M1.0420"></a><a name="V1.0367"></a> pana saraṇagamanassa bhavasampadāpi bhogasampadāpi phalameva. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ye keci buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Na te gamissanti apāyabhūmiṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Pahāya mānusaṃ dehaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Devakāyaṃ paripūressantī’’ti.(dī. ni. 2.332; saṃ. ni. 1.37);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparampi vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Atha kho sakko devānamindo asītiyā devatāsahassehi saddhiṃ yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ ṭhitaṃ kho sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca ‘sādhu kho, devānaminda, buddhasaraṇagamanaṃ hoti, buddhasaraṇagamanahetu kho, devānaminda, evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjanti. Te aññe deve dasahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhanti dibbena āyunā dibbena vaṇṇena sukhena yasena ādhipateyyena dibbehi rūpehi saddehi gandhehi rasehi phoṭṭhabbehī’’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.341).</p>
<p class="unindented">Esa nayo dhamme saṅghe ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica velāmasuttādivasenapi saraṇagamanassa phalaviseso veditabbo. Tathā hi <span class="bld">velāmasutte</span> (a. ni. 9.20) ‘‘karīsassa catutthabhāgappamāṇānaṃ caturāsītisahassasaṅkhyānaṃ suvaṇṇapātirūpiyapātikaṃsapātīnaṃ yathākkamaṃ rūpiyasuvaṇṇahiraññapūrānaṃ sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitānaṃ caturāsītiyā hatthisahassānaṃ caturāsītiyā assasahassānaṃ caturāsītiyā rathasahassānaṃ caturāsītiyā dhenusahassānaṃ caturāsītiyā kaññāsahassānaṃ caturāsītiyā pallaṅkasahassānaṃ caturāsītiyā vatthakoṭisahassānaṃ aparimāṇassa ca khajjabhojjādibhedassa āhārassa pariccajanavasena sattamāsādhikāni satta saṃvaccharāni nirantaraṃ pavattavelāmamahādānato ekassa sotāpannassa dinnaṃ mahapphalataraṃ, tato sataṃ sotāpannānaṃ dinnadānato ekassa sakadāgāmino, tato <a name="M1.0421"></a> ekassa anāgāmino, tato ekassa arahato, tato ekassa paccekasambuddhassa, tato sammāsambuddhassa, tato buddhappamukhassa saṅghassa dinnadānaṃ mahapphalataraṃ, tato <a name="V1.0368"></a> cātuddisaṃ saṅghaṃ uddissa vihārakaraṇaṃ, tato saraṇagamanaṃ mahapphalatara’’nti pakāsitaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yaṃ, gahapati, velāmo brāhmaṇo dānaṃ adāsi mahādānaṃ, yo cekaṃ diṭṭhisampannaṃ bhojeyya, idaṃ tato mahapphalatara’’nti (a. ni. 9.20) –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ādi. Evaṃ <span class="bld">saraṇagamanaphalaṃ</span> veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="centered">Saraṇagamanaphalakathā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Saraṇagamanasaṃkilesabhedakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha ca lokiyasaraṇagamanaṃ tīsu vatthūsu aññāṇasaṃsayamicchāñāṇādīhi saṃkilissati, na mahājutikaṃ, na ujjalaṃ aparisuddhaṃ apariyodātaṃ hoti, na mahāvipphāraṃ anuḷāraṃ. Ettha ca <span class="bld">aññāṇaṃ</span> nāma vatthuttayassa guṇānaṃ ajānanaṃ tattha sammoho. ‘‘Buddho nu kho, na nu kho’’tiādinā vicikicchā <span class="bld">saṃsayo. Micchāñāṇaṃ</span> nāma tassa guṇānaṃ aguṇabhāvaparikappanena viparītaggāhoti veditabbaṃ. Lokuttarassa pana saraṇagamanassa natthi saṃkileso. Lokiyassa ca saraṇagamanassa duvidho bhedo sāvajjo anavajjo ca. Tattha <span class="bld">sāvajjo</span> aññasatthārādīsu attaniyyātanādīhi hoti, so aniṭṭhaphalo. <span class="bld">Anavajjo</span> pana kālakiriyāya hoti. Lokiyañhi saraṇagamanaṃ sikkhāpadasamādānaṃ viya aggahitakālaparicchedakaṃ jīvitapariyantameva hoti, tasmā tassa khandhabhedena bhedo, so avipākattā aphalo. Lokuttarassa pana nevatthi bhedo. Bhavantarepi hi ariyasāvako aññaṃ satthāraṃ na uddisatīti. Evaṃ saraṇagamanassa <span class="bld">saṃkileso</span> ca <span class="bld">bhedo</span> ca veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmā panettha vodānaṃ na gahitaṃ, nanu vodānavibhāvanāpi tattha kosallāya hotīti? Saccametaṃ, taṃ pana saṃkilesaggahaṇena atthato dīpitaṃ hotīti na gahitaṃ. Yāni hi tesaṃ saṃkilesakāraṇāni aññāṇādīni<a name="M1.0422"></a>, tesaṃ sabbena sabbaṃ anuppādanena uppannānañca pahānena vodānaṃ hotīti. Evamettha ‘‘saraṇaṃ saraṇagamana’’ntiādīnaṃ papañco veditabbo. Imassa pana yathāvuttapapañcassa idha avacane kāraṇaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘so pana idha vuccamāno’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">saraṇavaṇṇanato</span>ti sāmaññaphalasutte vuttasaraṇavaṇṇanato.</p>
<p class="centered">Saraṇagamanasaṃkilesabhedakathā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Upāsakattapaṭivedanākathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Evaṃ</span> <a name="V1.0369"></a> <span class="bld">dhāretū</span>ti evaṃ jānātūti attho. Ettha <span class="bld">ko upāsako</span>ti sarūpapucchā, tasmā kiṃlakkhaṇo upāsakoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Kasmā</span>ti hetupucchā. Tena kena pavattinimittena upāsakasaddo tasmiṃ puggale niruḷhoti dasseti. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘kasmā upāsakoti vuccatī’’</span>ti. Saddassa hi abhidheyyapavattinimittaṃ tadatthassa tabbhāvakāraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Kimassa sīla</span>nti kīdisaṃ assa upāsakassa sīlaṃ, kittakena sīlenāyaṃ sīlasampanno nāma hotīti attho. <span class="bld">Ko ājīvo</span>ti ko assa sammāājīvo. So pana micchājīvassa parivajjanena hotīti sopi vibhajīyati. <span class="bld">Kā vipattī</span>ti kassa sīlassa ājīvassa vā vipatti. Anantarassa hi vidhi vā paṭisedho vā. <span class="bld">Sampattī</span>ti etthāpi eseva nayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Idaṃ pakiṇṇakaṃ veditabba</span>nti kathaṃ veditabbaṃ? Vuccate – <span class="bld">ko upāsako</span>ti khattiyādīsu yo koci tisaraṇaṃ gato gahaṭṭho. Saraṇagamanameva hettha kāraṇaṃ, na jātiādiviseso. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘yato kho, mahānāma, buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, dhammaṃ, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti. Ettāvatā kho, mahānāma, upāsako hotī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1033).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kasmā upāsako</span>ti ratanattayaupāsanato. Teneva saraṇagamanena tattha ca sakkaccakiriyāya ādaragāravabahumānādiyogena payirupāsanatoti vuttaṃ hoti. So hi buddhaṃ upāsatīti upāsako. Dhammaṃ, saṅghaṃ upāsatīti upāsako.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kimassa</span> <a name="M1.0423"></a> <span class="bld">sīla</span>nti pañca veramaṇiyo. <span class="bld">Veramaṇiyo</span>ti cettha veraṃ vuccati pāṇātipātādīsu dussīlyaṃ, tassa mananato hananato vināsanato veramaṇiyo pañca viratiyo viratippadhānattā tassa sīlassa. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘yato kho, mahānāma, upāsako pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā, kāmesumicchācārā, musāvādā, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. Ettāvatā kho, mahānāma, upāsako sīlavā hotī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1033).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ko ājīvo</span>ti pañca micchāvaṇijjā pahāya dhammena samena jīvitakappanaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘pañcimā, bhikkhave, vaṇijjā upāsakena akaraṇīyā. Katamā pañca? Satthavaṇijjā sattavaṇijjā <a name="V1.0370"></a> maṃsavaṇijjā majjavaṇijjā visavaṇijjā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, pañca vaṇijjā upāsakena akaraṇīyā’’ti (a. ni. 5.177).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca <span class="bld">satthavaṇijjā</span>ti āvudhabhaṇḍaṃ katvā vā kāretvā vā yathākataṃ vā paṭilabhitvā tassa vikkayo. <span class="bld">Sattavaṇijjā</span>ti manussavikkayo. <span class="bld">Maṃsavaṇijjā</span>ti sūnakārādayo viya migasūkarādike posetvā maṃsaṃ sampādetvā vikkayo. <span class="bld">Majjavaṇijjā</span>ti yaṃ kiñci majjaṃ yojetvā tassa vikkayo. <span class="bld">Visavaṇijjā</span>ti visaṃ yojetvā saṅgahetvā vā tassa vikkayo. Tattha satthavaṇijjā paroparodhanimittatāya akaraṇīyā vuttā, sattavaṇijjā abhujissabhāvakaraṇato, maṃsavisavaṇijjā vadhahetuto, majjavaṇijjā pamādaṭṭhānatoti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kā vipattī</span>ti yā tasseva sīlassa ca ājīvassa ca vipatti bhedo kopo pakopo ca, ayamassa vipatti. Apica yāya esa caṇḍālo ceva hoti malañca paṭikuṭṭho ca, sāpissa vipattīti veditabbā. Te ca atthato assaddhiyādayo pañca dhammā honti. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato upāsako upāsakacaṇḍālo ca hoti upāsakamalañca upāsakapaṭikuṭṭho ca. Katamehi pañcahi? Assaddho hoti, dussīlo hoti, kotūhalamaṅgaliko hoti, maṅgalaṃ pacceti, no kammaṃ<a name="M1.0424"></a>, ito ca bahiddhā dakkhiṇeyyaṃ pariyesati, tattha ca pubbakāraṃ karotī’’ti (a. ni. 5.175).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca <span class="bld">upāsakapaṭikuṭṭho</span>ti upāsakanihīno. Buddhādīsu kammakammaphalesu ca saddhāvipariyāyo assaddhiyaṃ micchādhimokkho, yathāvuttena assaddhiyena samannāgato <span class="bld">assaddho</span>. Yathāvuttasīlavipattiājīvavipattivasena <span class="bld">dussīlo</span>. ‘‘Iminā diṭṭhādinā idaṃ nāma maṅgalaṃ hotī’’ti evaṃ bālajanaparikappitakotūhalasaṅkhātena diṭṭhasutamutamaṅgalena samannāgato <span class="bld">kotūhalamaṅgaliko. Maṅgalaṃ paccetī</span>ti diṭṭhamaṅgalādibhedaṃ maṅgalameva pattiyāyati. <span class="bld">No kamma</span>nti kammassakataṃ no pattiyāyati. <span class="bld">Itobahiddhā</span>ti ito sabbaññubuddhasāsanato bahiddhā bāhirakasamaye. <span class="bld">Dakkhiṇeyyaṃ pariyesatī</span>ti duppaṭipannaṃ dakkhiṇārahasaññī gavesati. <span class="bld">Pubbakāraṃ karotī</span>ti dānamānanādikaṃ kusalakiriyaṃ paṭhamataraṃ karoti. Ettha ca dakkhiṇeyyapaayesanapubbakāre ekaṃ katvā pañca dhammā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kā</span> <a name="V1.0371"></a> <span class="bld">sampattī</span>ti sāva tassa sīlasampadā ca ājīvasampadā ca sampatti, ye cassa ratanabhāvādikarā saddhādayo pañca dhammā. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato upāsako upāsakaratanañca hoti upāsakapadumañca upāsakapuṇḍarīko ca. Katamehi pañcahi? Saddho hoti, sīlavā hoti, na kotūhalamaṅgaliko hoti, kammaṃ pacceti, no maṅgalaṃ, na ito bahiddhā dakkhiṇeyyaṃ pariyesati, idha ca pubbakāraṃ karotī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca catunnampi parisānaṃ ratijananaṭṭhena upāsakova ratanaṃ <span class="bld">upāsakaratanaṃ,</span> guṇasobhākittisaddasugandhatāhi upāsakova padumaṃ <span class="bld">upāsakapadumaṃ,</span> tathā <span class="bld">upāsakapuṇḍarīko</span> ca veditabbo. Sesamettha vipattiyaṃ vuttavipariyāyena viññeyyaṃ. Evamidaṃ ‘‘ko upāsako’’tiādikaṃ pakiṇṇakaṃ vitthārato veditabbaṃ. Imassa pana pakiṇṇakassa idha vitthāretvā avacane kāraṇaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘taṃ atibhāriyakaraṇato’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ādimhī</span>ti <a name="M1.0425"></a> ādiatthe. <span class="bld">Koṭiya</span>nti pariyantakoṭiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Vihāraggenā</span>ti ovarakakoṭṭhāsena, ‘‘imasmiṃ gabbhe vasantānaṃ idaṃ panasaphalaṃ pāpuṇātī’’tiādinā taṃtaṃvasanaṭṭhānakoṭṭhāsenāti attho. <span class="bld">Ajjata</span>nti ajja icceva attho. <span class="bld">Pāṇehi upeta</span>nti iminā tassa saraṇagamanassa āpāṇakoṭikataṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘yāva me jīvitaṃ pavattatī’’</span>tiādīni vatvā puna jīvitenapahaṃ vatthuttayaṃ paṭipūjento saraṇagamanañca rakkhāmīti uppannaṃ tassa brāhmaṇassa adhippāyaṃ vibhāvento <span class="bld">‘‘ahañhī’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Pāṇehi upeta</span>nti hi yāva me pāṇā dharanti, tāva saraṇaṃ upetaṃ, upento na vācāmattena na ekavāraṃ cittuppādanamattena, atha kho pāṇānaṃ pariccajanavasena yāvajīvaṃ upetanti evamettha attho veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Adhivāsetū</span>ti sādiyatu, taṃ pana sādiyanaṃ manasā sampaṭiggaho hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sampaṭicchatū’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Kāyaṅga</span>nti kāyameva aṅganti vadanti, kāyassa vā aṅgaṃ sīsādi kāyaṅgaṃ, sīsādi sarīrāvayavanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Vācaṅga</span>nti ‘‘hotu sādhū’’ti evamādivācāya aṅgaṃ avayavaṃ. Vācaṅgassa copanaṃ vācāya pavattanamevāti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Abbhantareyevā</span>ti attano cittasantāneyeva. <span class="bld">Khantiṃ cāretvā</span>ti khantiṃ pavattetvā, ruciṃ uppādetvāti vuttaṃ hoti. ‘‘Khantiṃ dhāretvā’’tipi pāṭho, uppannaṃ ruciṃ abbhantareyeva dhāretvā vacībhedena apakāsetvāti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ <a name="V1.0372"></a> pana verañjo brāhmaṇo bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ aññāsi. Na hi tena sakkā bhagavato cittappavatti paccakkhato viññātuṃ, tasmā ‘‘bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā’’ti kasmā vuttanti ce? Kiñcāpi tena na sakkā cittappavatti paccakkhato viññātuṃ, tathāpi ākārasallakkhaṇakusalatāya anvayabyatirekavasena anumānato aññāsīti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘sace me samaṇo gotamo’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Ākārasallakkhaṇakusalatāyā</span>ti cittappavattiākāravijānane chekatāya, adhippāyavijānane kusalatāyāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Dasanakhasamodhānasamujjala</span>nti dvīsu hatthesu dasannaṃ nakhānaṃ samodhānena ekībhāvena samujjalantaṃ. <span class="bld">Añjali</span>nti hatthapuṭaṃ. <span class="bld">Paṭimukhoyevā</span>ti abhimukhoyeva, na bhagavato piṭṭhiṃ dassetvāti attho. <span class="bld">Vanditvā</span>ti pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā.</p>
<p class="centered">Upāsakattapaṭivedanākathā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dubbhikkhakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para16"></a><span class="paranum">16</span>. <span class="bld">Susassakālepī</span>ti <a name="M1.0426"></a> sampannasassakālepi. <span class="bld">Atisamagghepī</span>ti atisayena appagghepi, yadā kiñcideva datvā bahuṃ pubbaṇṇāparaṇṇaṃ gaṇhanti, tādise kālepīti attho. Sāliādi dhaññaṃ <span class="bld">pubbaṇṇaṃ,</span> muggamāsādi <span class="bld">aparaṇṇaṃ</span>. Dvidhā pavattaṃ īhitaṃ etthāti dvīhitikāti majjhapadalopībāhiratthasamāsoyamīti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘dvidhā pavattaīhitikā’’</span>ti. Īhanaṃ īhitanti īhitasaddoyaṃ bhāvasādhanoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘īhitaṃ nāma iriyā’’</span>ti. Tattha <span class="bld">iriyā</span>ti kiriyā. Kassa panesā kiriyāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘cittairiyā’’</span>ti, cittakiriyā cittappayogoti attho. Tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘cittaīhā’’</span>ti. Kathaṃ panettha īhitassa dvidhā pavattīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘lacchāma nu kho’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">lacchāma nu kho</span>ti idaṃ duggatānaṃ vasena vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Jīvituṃ vā sakkhissāma nu kho, no</span>ti idaṃ pana issarānaṃ vasena vuttanti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Bhikkhamānā</span>ti yācamānā. ‘‘Duhitikā’’tipi pāṭho. Tatthāpi vuttanayenevattho veditabbo. Dvi-saddassa hi du-saddādesenāyaṃ niddeso hoti. Dukkhaṃ vā īhitaṃ ettha na sakkā koci payogo sukhena kātunti <span class="bld">duhitikā,</span> dukkarajīvitappayogāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Du-sadde vā ukārassa vakāraṃ katvā dvīhitikāti ayaṃ niddesoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘atha vā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Byādhi rogo</span>ti etāni ‘‘āturatā’’ti imassa vevacanāni. Tena setaṭṭikā nāma ekā rogajātīti dasseti. So pana rogo pāṇakadosena sambhavati. Eko kira pāṇako <a name="V1.0373"></a> nāḷamajjhagataṃ gaṇṭhiṃ vijjhati, yena viddhattā nikkhantampi sālisīsaṃ khīraṃ gahetuṃ na sakkoti. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘pacchinnakhīra’’</span>ntiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vuttasassa</span>nti vapitasassaṃ. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti verañjāyaṃ. Salākāmattaṃ vuttaṃ etthāti <span class="bld">salākāvuttā,</span> purimapade uttarapadalopenāyaṃ niddeso. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘salākā eva sampajjatī’’</span>ti. Yaṃ tattha vuttaṃ vāpitaṃ, taṃ salākāmattameva ahosi, phalaṃ na jāyatīti attho. <span class="bld">Sampajjatī</span>ti ca iminā ‘‘salākāvuttā’’ti etthāyaṃ vuttasaddo nipphattiatthoti dasseti. <span class="bld">Salākāyā</span>ti veḷuvilīvatālapaṇṇādīhi katasalākāya. <span class="bld">Dhaññavikkayakānaṃ santika</span>nti dhaññaṃ vikkiṇantīti dhaññavikkayakā, tesaṃ samīpanti attho. <span class="bld">Kayakesū</span>ti dhaññagaṇhanakesu. <span class="bld">Kiṇitvā</span>ti gahetvā. <span class="bld">Dhaññakaraṇaṭṭhāne</span>ti koṭṭhāgārassa samīpaṭṭhāne, dhaññaminanaṭṭhāneti vuttaṃ hoti<a name="M1.0427"></a>. <span class="bld">Vaṇṇajjhakkha</span>nti kahāpaṇaparikkhakaṃ. <span class="bld">Nasukarā uñchena paggahena yāpetu</span>nti paggayhatīti paggaho, patto. Tena paggahena pattenāti attho, pattaṃ gahetvā bhikkhācariyāya yāpetuṃ na sakkāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘paggahena yo uñcho’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Nasukarā</span>ti sukarabhāvo ettha natthīti nasukarā. <span class="bld">Piṇḍāya caritvā</span>ti piṇḍāya caraṇahetu. Hetuatthepi hi tvāsaddameke icchanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Uttarāpathato āgatā, uttarāpatho vā nivāso etesanti uttarāpathakāti vattabbe niruttinayena ‘‘uttarāhakā’’ti vuttaṃ. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘uttarāpathavāsikā’’</span>tiādi. ‘‘Uttarāpathakā’’icceva vā pāḷipāṭho veditabbo. Keci pana ‘‘uttaraṃ visiṭṭhaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ āharantīti uttarāhakā, uttaraṃ vā adhikaṃ agghaṃ nentīti uttarāhakā’’tiādinā aññena pakārena atthaṃ vaṇṇayanti. <span class="bld">Assānaṃ uṭṭhānaṭṭhāne</span>ti assānaṃ ākaraṭṭhāne. <span class="bld">Verañja</span>nti verañjāyaṃ. Bhummatthe hetaṃ upayogavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Mandira</span>nti assasālaṃ. <span class="bld">Assamaṇḍalikāyoti paññāyiṃsū</span>ti parimaṇḍalākārena katattā assamaṇḍalikāyoti pākaṭā ahesuṃ. Evaṃ katānañca assasālānaṃ bahuttā bahuvacananiddeso kato. Dasannaṃ dasannaṃ assānaṃ vasanokāso ekekā assamaṇḍalikātipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Addhānakkhamā na hontī</span>ti dīghakālaṃ pavattetuṃ khamā na honti, na cirakālappavattinoti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gaṅgāya dakkhiṇā disā appatirūpadeso, uttarā disā patirūpadesoti adhippāyenāha <span class="bld">‘‘na hi te’’</span>tiādi. Gaṅgāya dakkhiṇatīrajātā <span class="bld">dakkhiṇāpathamanussā</span>. ‘‘Amhākaṃ buddho’’ti evaṃ buddhaṃ mamāyantīti <span class="bld">buddhamāmakā</span>. Evaṃ sesesupi. <span class="bld">Paṭiyādetu</span>nti sampādetuṃ. <span class="bld">Niccabhattasaṅkhepenā</span>ti niccabhattākārena. <span class="bld">Pubbaṇhasamaya</span>nti idaṃ bhummatthe upayogavacananti āha <span class="bld">‘‘pubbaṇhasamayeti</span> <a name="V1.0374"></a> <span class="bld">attho’’</span>ti. Accantasaṃyoge vā idaṃ upayogavacananti dassetuṃ yathā accantasaṃyogattho sambhavati, tathā atthaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘pubbaṇhe vā samaya’’</span>ntiādi. <span class="bld">Eva</span>nti evaṃ pacchā vuttanayena atthe vuccamāne. Nanu ca vihāre nisīdantāpi antaravāsakaṃ nivāsetvāva nisīdanti, tasmā ‘‘nivāsetvā’’ti idaṃ kasmā vuttanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘vihāranivāsanaparivattanavasenā’’</span>tiādi. Vihāranivāsanaparivattanañca vihāre nisinnakāle nivatthampi puna gāmappavesanasamaye cāletvā <a name="M1.0428"></a> ito cito ca saṇṭhapetvā sakkaccaṃ nivāsanamevāti veditabbaṃ. Tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘na hi te tato pubbe anivatthā ahesu’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Pattacīvaramādāyā</span>ti pattañca cīvarañca gahetvā. Gahaṇañcettha na kevalaṃ hattheneva, atha kho yena kenaci ākārena dhāraṇamevāti dassento yathāsambhavamatthayojanaṃ karoti <span class="bld">‘‘pattaṃ hatthehī’’</span>tiādinā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Gatagataṭṭhāne</span>ti assamaṇḍalikāsu sampattasampattaṭṭhāne. <span class="bld">Udukkhale koṭṭetvā koṭṭetvā paribhuñjantī</span>ti ettha kasmā pana te bhikkhū sayameva evaṃ katvā paribhuñjanti, kimevaṃ laddhaṃ kappiyakārakehi yāguṃ vā bhattaṃ vā pacāpetvā sayaṃ vā pacitvā paribhuñjituṃ na vaṭṭatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘therānaṃ koci kappiyakārako natthī’’</span>tiādi. Kappiyākappiyabhāvaṃ anapekkhitvā bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ kātuṃ sāruppaṃ na hotīti vatvā puna akappiyabhāvampi dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘na ca vaṭṭatī’’</span>ti. Bhājanādipariharaṇavasena bahubhaṇḍikatāya abhāvato vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sallahukavuttitā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Sakaṃ sakaṃ paṭivīsa</span>nti attano attano koṭṭhāsaṃ. <span class="bld">Appossukkā</span>ti samaṇadhammato aññattha nirussāhā. <span class="bld">Tadupiya</span>nti tadanurūpaṃ. <span class="bld">Pisatī</span>ti cuṇṇeti. Puññañāṇavisesehi kattabbakammassa manāpatā hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘puññavatā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Na</span>nti naṃ patthapulakaṃ. ‘‘Na tato paṭṭhāyā’’ti vacanato tato pubbe bhagavato piṇḍāya caraṇampi dassitanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Laddhā</span>ti labhitvā. ‘‘Laddho’’ti vā pāṭho, upaṭṭhākaṭṭhānaṃ neva laddhoti attho. Kadā pana thero upaṭṭhākaṭṭhānaṃ laddhoti? Vuccate (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.11; a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.219-223) – ekadā kira bhagavā nāgasamālattherena saddhiṃ addhānamaggappaṭipanno dvedhāpathaṃ patto. Thero maggā ukkamma ‘‘bhagavā ahaṃ iminā maggena gacchāmī’’ti āha. Atha naṃ bhagavā ‘‘ehi bhikkhu, iminā gacchāmā’’ti āha. So ‘‘handa bhagavā tumhākaṃ pattacīvaraṃ gaṇhatha, ahaṃ iminā gacchāmī’’ti vatvā pattacīvaraṃ chamāyaṃ ṭhapetuṃ āraddho. Atha bhagavā ‘‘āhara bhikkhū’’ti vatvā pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā gato. Tassapi bhikkhuno itarena maggena <a name="V1.0375"></a> gacchato corā pattacīvarañceva hariṃsu, sīsañca bhindiṃsu. So ‘‘bhagavā dāni me paṭisaraṇaṃ, na añño’’ti cintetvā lohitena gaḷantena bhagavato santikaṃ āgami. ‘‘Kimidaṃ bhikkhū’’ti ca vutte taṃ pavattiṃ ārocesi. Atha <a name="M1.0429"></a> naṃ bhagavā ‘‘mā cintayi bhikkhu, etaṃ kāraṇaṃyeva te nivārayimhā’’ti vatvā samassāsesi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekadā pana bhagavā meghiyattherena saddhiṃ pācīnavaṃsamigadāye jantugāmaṃ agamāsi. Tatrāpi meghiyo jantugāme piṇḍāya caritvā nadītīre pāsādikaṃ ambavanaṃ disvā ‘‘bhagavā tumhākaṃ pattacīvaraṃ gaṇhatha, ahaṃ etasmiṃ ambavane samaṇadhammaṃ karomī’’ti vatvā bhagavatā tikkhattuṃ nivāriyamānopi gantvā akusalavitakkehi anvāsatto paccāgantvā taṃ pavattiṃ ārocesi. Tampi bhagavā ‘‘idameva te kāraṇaṃ sallakkhayitvā nivārayimhā’’ti vatvā anupubbena sāvatthiṃ agamāsi. Tattha gandhakuṭipariveṇe paññattavarabuddhāsane nisinno bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhave, idānimhi mahallako, ekacce bhikkhū ‘iminā maggena gacchāmā’ti vutte aññena gacchanti, ekacce mayhaṃ pattacīvaraṃ bhūmiyaṃ nikkhipanti, mayhaṃ nibaddhupaṭṭhākaṃ bhikkhuṃ jānāthā’’ti. Bhikkhūnaṃ dhammasaṃvego udapādi. Athāyasmā sāriputto uṭṭhāya bhagavantaṃ vanditvā ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, tumheyeva patthayamāno satasahassakappādhikaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ pāramiyo pūresiṃ, nanu mādiso mahāpañño upaṭṭhāko nāma vaṭṭati, ahaṃ upaṭṭhahissāmī’’ti āha. Taṃ bhagavā ‘‘alaṃ, sāriputta, yassaṃ disāyaṃ tvaṃ viharasi, asuññāyeva sā disā, tava ovādo buddhānaṃ ovādasadiso, na me tayā upaṭṭhākakiccaṃ atthī’’ti paṭikkhipi. Etenevupāyena mahāmoggallānaṃ ādiṃ katvā asītimahāsāvakā uṭṭhahiṃsu. Sabbe bhagavā paṭikkhipi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ānandatthero pana tuṇhīyeva nisīdi. Atha naṃ bhikkhū āhaṃsu ‘‘āvuso, bhikkhusaṅgho upaṭṭhākaṭṭhānaṃ yācati, tvampi yācāhī’’ti. Yācitvā laddhaṭṭhānaṃ nāma āvuso kīdisaṃ hoti, kiṃ maṃ satthā na passati, sace rocessati, ‘‘ānando maṃ upaṭṭhātū’’ti vakkhatīti. Atha bhagavā ‘‘na, bhikkhave, ānando aññena ussāhetabbo, sayameva jānitvā maṃ upaṭṭhahissatī’’ti āha. Tato bhikkhū ‘‘uṭṭhehi āvuso ānanda, uṭṭhehi, āvuso ānanda, dasabalaṃ upaṭṭhākaṭṭhānaṃ yācāhī’’ti āhaṃsu. Thero uṭṭhahitvā cattāro paṭikkhepe ca catasso ca āyācanāti aṭṭha vare yāci.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cattāro</span> <a name="M1.0430"></a> <span class="bld">paṭikkhepā</span> nāma ‘‘sace me, bhante bhagavā, attanā laddhaṃ paṇītaṃ cīvaraṃ na dassati<a name="V1.0376"></a>, piṇḍapātaṃ na dassati, ekagandhakuṭiyaṃ vasituṃ na dassati, nimantanaṃ gahetvā na gamissati, evāhaṃ bhagavantaṃ upaṭṭhahissāmī’’ti vatvā ‘‘kaṃ panettha, ānanda, ādīnavaṃ addasā’’ti vutte āha ‘‘sacāhaṃ, bhante, imāni vatthūni labhissāmi, bhavissanti vattāro ‘ānando dasabalena laddhaṃ paṇītaṃ cīvaraṃ paribhuñjati, piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjati, ekagandhakuṭiyaṃ vasati, ekanimantanaṃ gacchati, etaṃ lābhaṃ labhanto tathāgataṃ upaṭṭhāti, ko evaṃ upaṭṭhahato bhāro’’’ti. Ime cattāro paṭikkhepe yāci.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Catasso āyācanā</span> nāma ‘‘sace, bhante bhagavā, mayā gahitaṃ nimantanaṃ gamissati, sacāhaṃ tiroraṭṭhā tirojanapadā bhagavantaṃ daṭṭhuṃ āgataparisaṃ āgatakkhaṇe eva bhagavantaṃ dassetuṃ lacchāmi, yadā me kaṅkhā uppajjati, tasmiṃyeva khaṇe bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamituṃ lacchāmi, tathā yaṃ bhagavā mayhaṃ parammukhaṃ dhammaṃ deseti, taṃ āgantvā mayhaṃ kathessati, evāhaṃ bhagavantaṃ upaṭṭhahissāmī’’ti vatvā ‘‘kaṃ panettha, ānanda, ānisaṃsaṃ passasī’’ti vutte āha ‘‘idha, bhante, saddhā kulaputtā bhagavato okāsaṃ alabhantā maṃ evaṃ vadanti ‘sveva, bhante ānanda, bhagavatā saddhiṃ amhākaṃ ghare bhikkhaṃ gaṇheyyāthā’ti. Sace bhagavā tattha na gamissati, icchitakkhaṇeyeva parisaṃ dassetuṃ kaṅkhañca vinodetuṃ okāsaṃ na lacchāmi, bhavissanti vattāro ‘kiṃ ānando dasabalaṃ upaṭṭhāti, ettakampissa anuggahaṃ bhagavā na karotī’ti. Bhagavato ca parammukhā maṃ pucchissanti ‘ayaṃ, āvuso ānanda, gāthā idaṃ suttaṃ idaṃ jātakaṃ kattha desita’nti. Sacāhaṃ taṃ na sampāyissāmi, bhavissanti vattāro ‘ettakampi, āvuso, na jānāsi, kasmā tvaṃ chāyā viya bhagavantaṃ na vijahanto dīgharattaṃ ciraṃ vicarī’ti. Tenāhaṃ parammukhā desitassapi dhammassa puna kathanaṃ icchāmī’’ti. Imā catasso āyācanā yāci. Bhagavāpissa adāsi. Evaṃ ime aṭṭha vare gahetvā nibaddhupaṭṭhāko ahosi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasseva ṭhānantarassa atthāya kappasatasahassaṃ pūritānaṃ pāramīnaṃ phalaṃ pāpuṇi, pāpuṇitvā ca upaṭṭhākānaṃ aggo hutvā bhagavantaṃ upaṭṭhahi. Thero hi upaṭṭhākaṭṭhānaṃ laddhakālato paṭṭhāya bhagavantaṃ duvidhena udakena tividhena dantakaṭṭhena pādaparikammena piṭṭhiparikammena gandhakuṭipariveṇasammajjanenāti evamādīhi kiccehi upaṭṭhahanto ‘‘imāya nāma velāya satthu idaṃ <a name="M1.0431"></a> nāma laddhuṃ vaṭṭati, idaṃ nāma kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti cintetvā taṃ taṃ nipphādento mahatiṃ daṇḍadīpikaṃ gahetvā ekarattiṃ gandhakuṭipariveṇaṃ nava vāre anupariyāyati. Evañhissa ahosi ‘‘sace me thinamiddhaṃ okkameyya, bhagavati pakkosante paṭivacanaṃ dātuṃ nāhaṃ sakkuṇeyya’’nti. Tasmā sabbarattiṃ daṇḍadīpikaṃ hatthena na muñcati, evametassa nibaddhupaṭṭhākaṭṭhānassa <a name="V1.0377"></a> aladdhabhāvaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘no ca kho upaṭṭhākaṭṭhānaṃ laddhā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Nibaddhupaṭṭhāko nāma natthī</span>ti niyatupaṭṭhāko nāma natthi. Aniyatupaṭṭhākā pana bhagavato paṭhamabodhiyaṃ bahū ahesuṃ, te dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘kadāci nāgasamālatthero’’</span>tiādi. Ñāti ca so pasatthatamaguṇayogato seṭṭho cāti <span class="bld">ñātiseṭṭho</span>. <span class="bld">Evarūpesu ṭhānesu ayameva patirūpo</span>ti āpadāsu āmisassa abhisaṅkharitvā dānaṃ nāma ñātakeneva kātuṃ yuttataranti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mārāvaṭṭanāyā</span>ti mārena katacittāvaṭṭanāya, mārānubhāvena sañjātacittasammohenāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘āvaṭṭetvā mohetvā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Tiṭṭhantu…pe… tampi māro āvaṭṭeyyā</span>ti phussassa bhagavato kāle katupacitassa akusalakammassa tadā laddhokāsavasena upaṭṭhitattā. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">apadāne</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Phussassāhaṃ pāvacane, sāvake paribhāsayiṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yavaṃ khādatha bhuñjatha, mā ca bhuñjatha sālayo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tena kammavipākena, temāsaṃ khāditaṃ yavaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nimantito brāhmaṇena, verañjāyaṃ vasiṃ tadā’’ti. (apa. thera 1.39.88-89);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pariyuṭṭhitacitto</span>ti pariyonaddhacitto, abhibhūtacittoti attho. <span class="bld">Āvaṭṭitapariyosāne āgamiṃsū</span>ti mārena āvaṭṭetvā gate pacchā āgamiṃsu. <span class="bld">Avisahatāyā</span>ti asakkuṇeyyatāya. <span class="bld">Abhihaṭabhikkhāyā</span>ti pacitvā abhihariyamānabhikkhāya. <span class="bld">Nibaddhadānassā</span>ti ‘‘ettakaṃ kālaṃ bhagavato dassāmā’’ti niccabhattavasena paricchinditvā ṭhapitadānassa. <span class="bld">Appitavatthassā</span>ti ‘‘idaṃ buddhassa catupaccayaparibhogattha’’nti vihāraṃ netvā dinnavatthuno. <span class="bld">Na visahatī</span>ti na sakkoti. <span class="bld">Abhihaṭabhikkhāsaṅkhepenā</span>ti abhihaṭabhikkhānīhārena<a name="M1.0432"></a>. <span class="bld">Byāmappabhāyā</span>ti samantato byāmamattāya pabhāya. Ettha ca anubyañjanānaṃ byāmappabhāya ca nippabhākaraṇaṃ antarāyoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘candimasūriyadevabrahmānampi hī’’</span>tiādi. Anubyañjanānaṃ byāmappabhāya ekābaddhattā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘anubyañjanabyāmappabhāppadesaṃ patvā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Sabbaññutaññāṇassa antarāyo</span> nāma ñeyyadhammesu āvaraṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Assosi kho bhagavā udukkhalasadda</span>nti kiṃ sayameva uppannaṃ udukkhalasaddaṃ assosīti <a name="V1.0378"></a> ceti āha <span class="bld">‘‘patthapatthapulakaṃ koṭṭentāna’’</span>ntiādi. <span class="bld">Atthasañhita</span>nti payojanasādhakaṃ. <span class="bld">Anatthasañhite</span>ti anatthanissite vacane. Ghātāpekkhaṃ bhummavacanaṃ. Yasmiñca yena ghāto nipphādīyati, tasseva tena ghāto kato nāma hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘maggeneva tādisassa vacanassa ghāto samucchedoti vuttaṃ hotī’’</span>ti. Sāmiatthe vā bhummavacananti maññamāno evamāhāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Vacanassa ca samugghāto tammūlakilesānaṃ samugghātenāti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ākaroti attano anurūpatāya samariyādaṃ saparicchedaṃ phalaṃ nipphattetīti ākāro kāraṇanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ākārehīti kāraṇehī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhuppattiyutta</span>nti paccuppannavatthuṃ nissāya pavattaṃ. <span class="bld">Tāya pucchāya vītikkamaṃ pākaṭaṃ katvā</span>ti ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ bhikkhū’’tiādipucchāya tena bhikkhunā katavītikkamaṃ pakāsetvā, vītikkamappakāsanañca kimatthamidaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapetīti anujānanatthaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Natthi kiñci vattabba</span>nti pubbe vuttanayattā na kiñci ettha apubbaṃ vattabbamatthīti dasseti. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘pubbe vuttameva hī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Sādhu sādhū</span>ti idaṃ pasaṃsāyaṃ āmeḍitavacananti āha <span class="bld">‘‘āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ sampahaṃsento’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Dvīsu ākāresū</span>ti dhammadesanasikkhāpadapaññattisaṅkhātesu dvīsu kāraṇesu. <span class="bld">Ekaṃ gahetvā</span>ti dhammaṃ vā desessāmāti evaṃ vuttakāraṇaṃ gahetvā. <span class="bld">Evaṃdubbhikkhe</span>ti evaṃ dukkhena labhitabbā bhikkhā etthāti evaṃdubbhikkhe kāle, dese vā. <span class="bld">Dullabhapiṇḍe</span>ti etasseva atthadīpanaṃ. Bhājanādipariharaṇavasena bahubhaṇḍikatāya abhāvato vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘imāya sallahukavuttitāyā’’</span>ti. Ettakameva alaṃ yāpetunti uttari patthanābhāvato pana <span class="bld">‘‘iminā ca sallekhenā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Dubbhikkhaṃ vijita</span>nti ettha hi bhikkhānaṃ abhāvo <span class="bld">dubbhikkhaṃ</span> ‘‘nimmakkhika’’ntiādīsu viya. Bhikkhābhāvoyeva hi taṃnimittacittavighātānaṃ abhāvato bhikkhūhi <a name="M1.0433"></a> vijito vase vattito. <span class="bld">Lobho vijito</span>ti āmisahetu ratticchedavassacchedasamuṭṭhāpako loluppādopi tesaṃ nāhosīti āmisalolatāsaṅkhāto lobho vijito. <span class="bld">Icchācāro vijito</span>ti ‘‘āmisahetu aññamaññassa uttarimanussadhammappakāsanavasena guṇavaṇijjaṃ katvā jīvikaṃ kappessāmā’’ti evaṃ pavattaicchācārassa abhāvato yathāvutto icchācāro vijito. Cittuppādamattassapi anuppannabhāvaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘cintā vā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Punappunānusocanavasena pana cittapīḷāpi nāhosīti dassanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘vighāto vā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ratticchedo vā</span>ti sattāhakaraṇīyavasena gantvā bahi aruṇuṭṭhāpanavasena ratticchedo vā na kato sattāhakiccavasenapi katthaci agatattā. Sattāhakiccavasena vippavāsañhi sandhāya ratticchedoti <a name="V1.0379"></a> aṭṭhakathāvohāro, tatoyeva ca <span class="bld">vassūpanāyikakkhandhakavaṇṇanāyaṃ</span> (mahāva. aṭṭha. 199) ‘‘ayaṃ panettha pāḷimuttakaratticchedavinicchayo’’ti vatvā ‘‘dhammassavanatthāya animantitena gantuṃ na vaṭṭatī’’tiādinā sattāhakaraṇīyameva vibhattaṃ. <span class="bld">Mahāaṭṭhakathāyampi</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘sattāhakiccena gantvā ekabhikkhunāpi ratticchedo vā na kato’’ti. Evañca katvā ratticchedo nāma sattāhakaraṇīyavasena hoti, na aññathāti ratticchedalakkhaṇañca kathitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ettha ca paccayavekallasaṅkhāte vassacchedakāraṇe sati ratticchedassapi vuttattā yattha vassacchedakāraṇaṃ labbhati, tattha sattāhakiccena gantumpi vaṭṭatīti siddhanti <span class="bld">cūḷagaṇṭhipade majjhimagaṇṭhipade</span> ca vuttaṃ, taṃ suvuttaṃ vassūpanāyikakkhandhake vassacchedādhikāre –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṃ āvāse vassūpagatānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ gāmo corehi vuṭṭhāsi. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, yena gāmo tena gantu’’nti (mahāva. 201) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ettha ‘‘sace gāmo avidūragato hoti, tattha piṇḍāya caritvā vihārameva āgantvā vasitabbaṃ. Sace dūragato, sattāhavārena aruṇo uṭṭhāpetabbo. Na sakkā ce hoti, tattheva sabhāgaṭṭhāne vasitabba’’nti (mahāva. aṭṭha. 201) iminā aṭṭhakathāvacanenapi saṃsandanato. Tathā hi gāme vuṭṭhite <a name="M1.0434"></a> bhikkhāya abhāvato vassacchedepi anāpattiṃ vadantena bhagavatā ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, yena gāmo tena gantu’’nti (mahāva. 201) vuttattā bhikkhāya abhāvo vassacchedakāraṇaṃ. Tattha ‘‘sace dūragato, sattāhavārena aruṇo uṭṭhāpetabbo’’ti (mahāva. aṭṭha. 201) idaṃ aṭṭhakathāvacanaṃ vassacchedakāraṇe sati sattāhakiccena gantumpi vaṭṭatīti imamatthaṃ sādheti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ <span class="bld">kenaci</span> –</p>
<p class="indent"><span class="bld">‘‘Ratticchedo</span>ti sattāhakiccaṃ sandhāya vutto, sattāhakaraṇīyena gantvā ratticchedo vā vassacchedo vā ekabhikkhunāpi na katoti vuttaṃ kira mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ, tasmā vassacchedassa kāraṇe sati sattāhakiccaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatīti eke. Vinayadharā pana na icchanti, tasmā aṭṭhakathādhippāyo vīmaṃsitabbo’’ti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Taṃ pana sayaṃ sammūḷhassa paresaṃ mohuppādanamattaṃ. Na hi vinayadharānaṃ anicchāya kāraṇaṃ dissati <a name="V1.0380"></a> aṭṭhakathāya virujjhanato yuttiabhāvato ca. Yañhi kāraṇaṃ vassacchedepi anāpattiṃ sādheti, tasmiṃ sati vinā vassacchedaṃ sattāhakiccena gantuṃ na vaṭṭatīti kā nāma yutti. ‘‘Pacchimikāya tattha vassaṃ upagacchāmā’’ti idaṃ tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anurūpaparivitakkanapaadīpanaṃ, na pana visesatthaparidīpanaṃ. Tathā hi dubbhikkhatāya vassacchedakaraṇasabbhāvato purimikāya tāva vassacchedepi anāpatti. Pacchimikāyaṃ anupagantukāmatāya gamanepi natthi doso pacchimikāya vassūpanāyikadivasassa asampattabhāvato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Na kismiñci maññantī</span>ti kismiñci guṇe sambhāvanavasena na maññanti. <span class="bld">Pakāsetvā</span>ti paṭiladdhajjhānādiguṇavasena pakāsetvā. ‘‘Pacchā sīlaṃ adhiṭṭhaheyyāmā’’ti vuttanayena kucchipaṭijaggane sati tathāpavattaicchācārassa aparisuddhabhāvato ājīvasuddhiyā ca abhāvato puna vāyamitvā saṃvare patiṭṭhātabbanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘pacchā sīlaṃ adhiṭṭhaheyyāmā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kiṃ ida</span>nti garahaṇavasena vuttaṃ. Sālitaṇḍulehi sampāditaṃ maṃsena upasittaṃ odanaṃ <span class="bld">sālimaṃsodanaṃ</span>. <span class="bld">Atimaññissatī</span>ti avaññātakaraṇavasena atikkamitvā maññissati, lāmakaṃ nihīnaṃ katvā maññissatīti vuttaṃ hoti<a name="M1.0435"></a>. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘oññātaṃ avaññātaṃ karissatī’’</span>ti. Heṭṭhā katvā nihīnaṃ katvā ñātaṃ <span class="bld">oññātaṃ</span>. <span class="bld">Avaññāta</span>nti tasseva vevacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Svāya</span>nti so ayaṃ janapado. <span class="bld">Imāya paṭipattiyā</span>ti verañjāyaṃ pūritāya sudukkarāya paṭipattiyā. <span class="bld">Tumhe nissāyā</span>ti tumhākaṃ imaṃ appicchapaṭipadaṃ nissāya. <span class="bld">Sabrahmacārīsaṅkhātā</span>ti chabbaggiyādayo vuttā. <span class="bld">Tumhākaṃ antare nisīditvā</span>ti tumhākaṃ majjhe nisīditvā, tumhehi saddhiṃ nisīditvāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Omāna</span>nti atimānaṃ. Atimānoyeva hettha nihīnatāya ‘‘omāna’’nti vutto, na pana hīḷetvā maññanaṃ. Tumhehi, ānanda, sappurisehi vijitaṃ sālimaṃsodanaṃ pacchimā janatā atimaññissatīti evamettha pāḷiṃ yojetvā atthaṃ vaṇṇayanti. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yaṃ laddhaṃ, teneva tussitvā sālimaṃsodanapatthanāya chinnattā ca tumhehi vijitaṃ abhibhūtaṃ sālimaṃsodanaṃ pacchimā janatā tattha patthanaṃ chindituṃ asamatthatāya atimaññissatīti.</p>
<p class="centered">Dubbhikkhakathā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Mahāmoggallānassa sīhanādakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para17"></a><span class="paranum">17</span>. Āyasmāti vā devānaṃpiyāti vā bhadrabhavanti vā piyasamudācāro esoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘āyasmāti</span> <a name="V1.0381"></a> <span class="bld">piyavacanameta’’</span>nti. Viññujātikā hi paraṃ piyena samudācarantā ‘‘bhava’’nti vā ‘‘devānaṃpiyā’’ti vā ‘‘āyasmā’’ti vā samudācaranti, tasmā sammukhā sambodhanavasena āvusoti, tirokkhaṃ āyasmāti ayampi samudācāro. Tayidaṃ piyavacanaṃ garugāravasappatissavasena vuccatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘garugāravasappatissādhivacanameta’’</span>nti. Guṇamahattatāya mahāmoggallāno, na cūḷamoggallānassa atthitāyāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘mahā ca so guṇamahantatāyā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Pappaṭakoja</span>nti pathavīsandhārakaṃ udakaṃ āhacca ṭhite mahāpathaviyā heṭṭhimatale samuṭṭhitaṃ udakoghena ajjhotthaṭe bhūmippadese sañjātakaddamapaṭalasadisaṃ atimadhurapathavīmaṇḍaṃ. <span class="bld">Na me taṃ assa patirūpa</span>nti taṃ anāpucchā karaṇaṃ na me anucchavikaṃ bhaveyyāti attho. Anāpucchā karontena ca yathā bhagavā icchiticchitaṃ kiñci anāpucchā karoti, evamahampīti bhagavatā samānaṃ katvā attānaṃ mānena kataṃ viya bhavissatīti <a name="M1.0436"></a> āha <span class="bld">‘‘yugaggāho viya bhagavatā saddhiṃ kato bhaveyyā’’</span>ti. Parena hi saddhiṃ attānaṃ yugaṃ yugaḷaṃ samānaṃ katvā gāho, tassa mama vā ko visesoti gahaṇaṃ <span class="bld">yugaggāho</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sampanna</span>nti sampattiyuttaṃ. Sā panettha rasasampatti adhippetā sāmaññajotanāya visese avaṭṭhānato. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘sampannanti madhuraṃ sādurasanti attho’’</span>ti. Tividhañhi sampannaṃ paripuṇṇasamaṅgīmadhuravasena. Tattha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sampannaṃ sālikedāraṃ, suvā bhuñjanti kosiya;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paṭivedemi te brahme, na ne vāretumussahe’’ti. (jā. 1.14.1) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Idaṃ <span class="bld">paripuṇṇasampannaṃ</span> nāma. Paripuṇṇampi hi samantato pannaṃ pattanti sampannanti vuccati. ‘‘Iminā pātimokkhasaṃvarena upeto hoti samupeto upagato samupagato sampanno samannāgato’’ti (vibha. 511) idaṃ <span class="bld">samaṅgīsampannaṃ</span> nāma. Samaṅgīpi hi sammadeva panno gato upagatoti sampannoti vuccati. ‘‘Tatrassa rukkho sampannaphalo ca upapannaphalo cā’’ti (ma. ni. 2.48) idaṃ <span class="bld">madhurasampannaṃ</span> nāma. Tattha madhurasampannaṃ idhādhippetanti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Upapannaphalo</span>ti bahuphalo. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti pathaviyā heṭṭhimatalassa. <span class="bld">Opammanidassanattha</span>nti upamāya nidassanatthaṃ. <span class="bld">Anīḷaka</span>nti niddosaṃ. Niddosatā cettha makkhikādirahitatāyāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘nimmakkhika’’</span>ntiādi. Natthi ettha makkhikāti nimmakkhikaṃ. Makkhikāsaddena cettha makkhikaṇḍakampi sāmaññato gahitanti vadanti. Teneva <span class="bld">tīsupi gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘nimmakkhikanti imassevatthaṃ pakāsetuṃ nimmakkhikaṇḍakanti vuttaṃ, makkhikāhi tāsaṃ aṇḍakehi <a name="V1.0382"></a> ca virahitanti attho’’ti. Ayaṃ panettha amhākaṃ khanti ‘‘makkhikānaṃ aṇḍāni makkhikaṇḍāni, natthi ettha makkhikaṇḍānīti nimmakkhikaṇḍanti. Iminā makkhikānaṃ aṇḍehi rahitatā vuttā, ‘nimmakkhika’nti iminā pana makkhikānaṃyeva abhāvo vutto’’ti. <span class="bld">Etaṃ kira madhū</span>ti khuddakamakkhikāhi katamadhu. <span class="bld">Sabbamadhūhī</span>ti mahāmakkhikabhamaramakkhikādikatehi. <span class="bld">Agga</span>nti uttamaṃ. <span class="bld">Seṭṭha</span>nti pasatthatamaṃ. <span class="bld">Surasa</span>nti sobhanarasaṃ. <span class="bld">Ojavanta</span>nti accantamojasampannaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Āyācanavacanameta</span>nti iminā sampaṭicchanasampahaṃsanādiatthaṃ nivatteti. <span class="bld">Ekaṃ hattha</span>nti ekaṃ pāṇitalaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Abhinimminissāmī’’</span>ti vuttamatthaṃ pakāsetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘pathavīsadisaṃ karissāmī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ayaṃ nu kho pathavī, udāhu na aya</span>nti iminā <a name="M1.0437"></a> nimmitapathaviyā pakatipathaviyā ca sandissamānattā ‘‘esā nu kho amhākaṃ pathavī, udāhu aññā’’ti uppajjamānakukkuccaṃ dasseti. Nibaddhavipulāgamo gāmo <span class="bld">nigamo,</span> pavattitamahāāyo mahāgāmoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Na vā esa vipallāso</span>ti pubbapakkhaṃ nidasseti. Kasmā panesa vipallāso na hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘acinteyyo hi iddhimato iddhivisayo’’</span>ti. Iddhibaleneva tesaṃ sattānaṃ tādiso vipallāso na bhavissatīti adhippāyo. Idāni aññathā vipallāsappaṭilābhaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ panā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Garahantā</span>ti sammukhā garahantā. <span class="bld">Upavadantā</span>ti parammukhā akkosantā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca uttarakuruṃ piṇḍāya gamanaṃ paṭisedhetvā vipallāsampi sattā paṭilabheyyunti kāraṇaṃ na vuttaṃ, tasmā kimettha kāraṇanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tattha kiñcāpī’’</span>tiādi. Yadipi na vuttaṃ, tathāpi ‘‘vipallāsampi sattā paṭilabheyyu’’nti pubbe adhikatattā teneva kāraṇena piṇḍāya uttarakurugamanampi bhagavatā paṭisiddhanti viññāyati, tasmā tadeva kāraṇaṃ idhāpi gahetabbanti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘pubbe vuttanayeneva gahetabba’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Vipallāsampi sattā paṭilabheyyu</span>nti idaṃ idha avuttampi ānetvā sambandhitabbanti adhippāyo. Atthopi cassa vuttasadisameva veditabboti. ‘‘Evaṃ pana vipallāsaṃ paṭilabheyyu’’ntiādinā pacchā vuttameva atthavikappaṃ sandhāya vadati. Yaṃ pana tattha vuttaṃ ‘‘te guṇe nibbattetvā dubbhikkhakāle pathaviṃ parivattetvā pappaṭakojaṃ paribhuñjiṃsū’’ti, taṃ apanetvā te guṇe nibbattetvā dubbhikkhakāle uttarakuruṃ gantvā piṇḍāya caritvā paribhuñjiṃsūti evamettha yojanā kātabbā. <span class="bld">Ekena padavītihārenā</span>ti ettha padassa vītiharaṇaṃ nikkhipanaṃ padavītihāro, padanikkhepo, tasmā ekena padanikkhepenāti vuttaṃ hoti. Ekena padavītihārena atikkamitabbaṭṭhānañca samagamanena <a name="V1.0383"></a> dvinnaṃ padānaṃ antare muṭṭhiratanamattaṃ, tasmā. <span class="bld">Mātikāmattaṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā</span>ti muṭṭhiratanappamāṇaṃ mātikāmattaṃ adhiṭṭhāyāti attho.</p>
<p class="centered">Niṭṭhitā mahāmoggallānassa sīhanādakathā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Vinayapaññattiyācanakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para18"></a><span class="paranum">18</span>. <span class="bld">Vinayapaññattiyā</span>ti <a name="M1.0438"></a> pubbe apaññattasikkhāpadaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Thero hi paññattasikkhāpadāni ṭhapetvā idāni paññapetabbasikkhāpadāni pātimokkhuddesañca sandhāya ‘‘etassa bhagavā kālo, etassa sugata kālo, yaṃ bhagavā sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapeyya, uddiseyya pātimokkha’’nti (pārā. 21) āha. Bhagavatāpi –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ko nu kho, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo, yena pubbe appatarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni ahesuṃ, bahutarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahiṃsu. Ko pana, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo, yena etarahi bahutarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni honti, appatarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahantīti. Evametaṃ, bhaddāli, hoti, sattesu hāyamānesu saddhamme antaradhāyamāne bahutarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni honti, appatarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahantīti. Na tāva, bhaddāli, satthā sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapeti, yāva na idhekacce āsavaṭṭhānīyā dhammā saṅghe pātubhavantī’’ti –</p>
<p class="unindented">Imasmiṃ <span class="bld">bhaddālisutte</span> (ma. ni. 2.145) viya ekaccesu paññattesupi tato paraṃ paññapetabbāni sandhāya ‘‘na tāva, sāriputta, satthā sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapetī’’ti vuttaṃ. Idheva ca aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘sāmampi pacanaṃ samaṇasāruppaṃ na hoti, na ca vaṭṭatī’’ti vacanaṃ ‘‘ratticchedo vā vassacchedo vā na kato’’ti vacanañca pubbe paññattasikkhāpadānaṃ sabbhāve pamāṇanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sesasikkhāpadānañceva pātimokkhuddesassa ca therassa āyācanena paññattattā <span class="bld">‘‘mūlato pabhuti nidānaṃ dassetu’’</span>nti āha. <span class="bld">Rahogatassā</span>ti raho janavivittaṃ ṭhānaṃ upagatassa. Tena gaṇasaṅgaṇikābhāvena therassa kāyavivekamāha. <span class="bld">Paṭisallīnassā</span>ti nānārammaṇacārato cittassa nivattiyā paṭi sammadeva nilīnassa tattha avisaṭacittassa. Tena cittasaṅgaṇikābhāvenassa pubbabhāgiyaṃ cittavivekamāha. <span class="bld">Cira</span>nti kālāpekkhaṃ accantasaṃyoge upayogavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Cirā</span>ti cirakālayuttā ṭhiti abhedena vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Etaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0439"></a><a name="V1.0384"></a> <span class="bld">na sakkotī</span>ti etaṃ vinicchinituṃ na sakkoti. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttanayaṃ dassetvā idāni theravādaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘mahāpadumatthero panā’’</span>tiādi. Aṭṭhakathāyampi ‘‘na sakkotī’’ti idaṃ yasmā jānamānopi sammadeva paricchindituṃ na sakkoti, tasmā vuttanti vadanti. <span class="bld">Soḷasavidhāya paññāya matthakaṃ pattassā</span>ti <span class="bld">majjhimanikāye anupadasuttantadesanāya</span> (ma. ni. 3.93) –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Mahāpañño bhikkhave sāriputto, puthupañño bhikkhave sāriputto, hāsapañño bhikkhave sāriputto, javanapañño bhikkhave sāriputto, tikkhapañño bhikkhave sāriputto, nibbedhikapañño bhikkhave sāriputto’’ti –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamāgatā mahāpaññādikā cha, tasmiṃyeva sutte āgatā navānupubbavihārasamāpattipaññā, arahattamaggapaññāti imāsaṃ soḷasappabhedānaṃ paññānaṃ sāvakavisaye ukkaṭṭhakoṭippattassa.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmā panettha bhagavā vipassīādīnaṃ sattannaṃyeva buddhānaṃ brahmacariyassa ciraṭṭhitikāciraṭṭhitikabhāvaṃ kathesi, na buddhavaṃsadesanāyaṃ viya pañcavīsatiyā buddhānaṃ, tato vā pana bhiyyoti? Yesaṃ sammāsambuddhānaṃ paṭivedhasāsanaṃ ekaṃsato nicchayena ajjāpi dharati, na antarahitaṃ, te eva kittento vipassīādīnaṃyeva bhagavantānaṃ brahmacariyassa ciraṭṭhitikāciraṭṭhitikabhāvaṃ idha kathesi. Tesaṃyeva hi sāvakā tadā ceva etarahi ca suddhāvāsabhūmiyaṃ ṭhitā, na aññesaṃ parinibbutattā. Siddhatthatissaphussānaṃ kira buddhānaṃ sāvakā suddhāvāsesu uppannā uppattisamanantarameva imasmiṃ sāsane upakādayo viya arahattaṃ adhigantvā na cirasseva parinibbāyiṃsu, na tattha tattha sāvakā yāvatāyukaṃ aṭṭhaṃsūti vadanti. Apubbācarimaniyamo pana aparāparaṃ saṃsaraṇakasattāvāsavasena ekissā lokadhātuyā icchitoti na tenetaṃ virujjhatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para19"></a><span class="paranum">19</span>. Asādhāraṇo hetu, sādhāraṇo paccayoti evamādivibhāgena idha payojanaṃ natthi, vipassīādīnaṃ pana brahmacariyassa aciraṭṭhitikatāya ciraṭṭhitikatāya ca kāraṇapucchāparattā codanāyāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘hetu paccayoti ubhayametaṃ kāraṇādhivacana’’</span>nti. Hinoti tena <a name="M1.0440"></a> phalanti hetūti karaṇasādhanoyaṃ hetusaddoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tena tassa phala’’</span>ntiādi. Kattusādhanopi hetusaddo no na yujjati hinoti phalassa hetubhāvaṃ upagacchatīti hetūti. Taṃ paṭicca eti pavattatīti taṃ kāraṇaṃ paṭicca tassa phalaṃ eti pavattati nibbattatīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kilāsuno</span> <a name="V1.0385"></a> <span class="bld">ahesu</span>nti appossukkā ahesuṃ, nirussāhā ahesunti attho. Sā pana nirussāhatā na ālasiyavasenāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘na ālasiyakilāsuno’’</span>ti, ālasiyavasena kilāsuno nāhesunti attho. Tattha kāraṇamāha <span class="bld">‘‘na hī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Ālasiyaṃ vā</span>ti iminā thinamiddhavasappavattānaṃ akusalānaṃ abhāvamāha. <span class="bld">Osannavīriyatā vā</span>ti iminā pana ‘‘ālasiyābhāvepi antamaso annabhāranesādānampi sakkaccaṃyeva dhammaṃ desetī’’ti vacanato yassa kassacipi dhammadesanāya nirussāhatā natthīti dīpeti sabbesaṃ samakeneva ussāhena dhammadesanāya pavattanato. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘buddhā hī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Osannavīriyā</span>ti ohīnavīriyā, appossukkāti attho. <span class="bld">Ussannavīriyā</span>ti adhikavīriyā, mahussāhāti attho. <span class="bld">Vegenā</span>ti javena. Dhamme garu etesanti <span class="bld">dhammagaruno</span>. Dhamme gāravametesanti <span class="bld">dhammagāravā</span>. Vipassissa bhagavato kāle asīti vassasahassāni āyuppamāṇaṃ sikhissa sattati vassasahassāni, vessabhussa saṭṭhivassasahassāni āyuppamāṇanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tesaṃ kira kāle dīghāyukā sattā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Abhisamentī</span>ti paṭivijjhanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Niddosatāyā</span>ti vītikkamadosassa abhāvato. ‘‘Imasmiṃ vītikkame ayaṃ nāma āpattī’’ti evaṃ āpattivasena apaññapetvā ‘‘pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hotī’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.8, 194) dhammadesanāvasena ovādasikkhāpadānaṃyeva paññattattā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sattāpattikkhandhavasena āṇāsikkhāpadaṃ apaññatta’’</span>nti. Channaṃ channaṃ vassānaṃ accayenāti pāṭhaseso daṭṭhabbo. Atha vā channaṃ channaṃ vassānaṃ osānadivasaṃ apekkhitvā <span class="bld">‘‘sakiṃ saki’’</span>nti vuttattā tadapekkhamidaṃ sāmivacanaṃ. Sakalajambudīpe sabbopi bhikkhusaṅgho ekasmiṃyeva ṭhāne uposathaṃ akāsīti sambandho. Katamaṃ taṃ ṭhānanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘bandhumatiyā rājadhāniyā’’</span>tiādi. Isipatanaṃ <a name="M1.0441"></a> tena samayena khemaṃ nāma uyyānaṃ hoti, migānaṃ pana abhayavāsatthāya dinnattā migadāyoti vuccati. Taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kheme migadāye’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Abbokiṇṇāni dasapi vīsatipi bhikkhusahassāni vasantī</span>ti visabhāgapuggalehi asaṃsaṭṭhāni dasapi vīsatipi bhikkhūnaṃ sahassāni vasanti. <span class="bld">Dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> pana ‘‘te sabbepi dvādasasahassabhikkhugaṇhanakā mahāvihārā abhayagiricetiyapabbatacittalapabbatavihārasadisā ca ahesu’’nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Uposathārocikā</span>ti uposathārocanakā. Tā kira devatā ekamhi vasse nikkhante tattha tattha gantvā ārocenti ‘‘nikkhantaṃ kho, mārisā, ekaṃ vassaṃ, pañca dāni vassāni sesāni, pañcannaṃ vassānaṃ accayena bandhumatī rājadhānī upasaṅkamitabbā pātimokkhuddesāyā’’ti. Tathā dvīsu vassesu nikkhantesu ‘‘nikkhantāni kho, mārisā, dve vassāni<a name="V1.0386"></a>, cattāri vassāni sesāni, catunnaṃ vassānaṃ accayena bandhumatī rājadhānī upasaṅkamitabbā pātimokkhuddesāyā’’ti ārocenti. Imināva nayena tīsu catūsu pañcasu vassesu atikkantesu ārocenti. Tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘mārisā ekaṃ vassaṃ atikkanta’’</span>ntiādi. <span class="bld">Sānubhāvā</span>ti iddhānubhāvena sānubhāvā. <span class="bld">Te kira bhikkhū</span>ti ye devatānubhāvena gacchanti, te sandhāya vadati. <span class="bld">Pācīnasamuddante</span>ti pācīnasamuddassa samīpadese. <span class="bld">Gamiyavatta</span>nti gamikehi kātabbaṃ senāsanapaṭijagganādivattaṃ. <span class="bld">Uposathagga</span>nti uposathakaraṇaṭṭhānaṃ. <span class="bld">Gatāva hontī</span>ti devatānubhāvena gatā eva honti. <span class="bld">Te</span>ti attano attano ānubhāvena devatānubhāvena ca gatā sabbepi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Khantī parama</span>ntiādīsu (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.90; dha. pa. aṭṭha. 2.185) parūpavādaṃ parāpakāraṃ sītuṇhādibhedañca guṇoparodhaṃ khamati sahati adhivāsetīti <span class="bld">khanti</span>. Sā pana sīlādīnaṃ paṭipakkhadhamme savisesaṃ tapati santapati vidhamatīti <span class="bld">paramaṃ</span> uttamaṃ <span class="bld">tapo</span>. Titikkhanaṃ khamanaṃ <span class="bld">titikkhā</span>. Khantiyāyevetaṃ vevacanaṃ. Akkharacintakā hi khamāyaṃ titikkhāsaddaṃ vaṇṇenti, tasmā evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo ‘‘titikkhāsaṅkhātā adhivāsanakhanti nāma uttamaṃ tapo’’ti. <span class="bld">Nibbānaṃ paramaṃ vadanti buddhā</span>ti bhavena bhavantaraṃ vināti bhavanikantibhāvena saṃsibbati, sataṇhasseva vā āyatiṃ punabbhavabhāvato phalena saddhiṃ kammaṃ vināti saṃsibbatīti <a name="M1.0442"></a> vānanti saṅkhyaṃ gatāya taṇhāya nikkhantaṃ nibbānaṃ tattha tassā sabbaso abhāvato. Taṃ nibbānaṃ pana santapaṇītanipuṇasivakhemādinā sabbākārena paramanti vadanti buddhā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Na hi pabbajito parūpaghātī</span>ti yo adhivāsanakhantirahitattā paraṃ upaghāteti bādhati vihiṃsati, so pabbajito nāma na hoti pabbājetabbadhammassa apabbājanato. Catutthapādo pana tatiyapādasseva vevacanaṃ anatthantarattā. ‘‘Na hi pabbajito’’ti etassa hi ‘‘na samaṇo hotī’’ti vevacanaṃ. ‘‘Parūpaghātī’’ti etassa ‘‘paraṃ viheṭhayanto’’ti vevacanaṃ. Atha vā <span class="bld">parūpaghātī</span>ti sīlūpaghātī. Sīlañhi uttamaṭṭhena ‘‘para’’nti vuccati parasaddassa seṭṭhavācakattā ‘‘puggalaparoparaññū’’tiādīsu viya. Yo ca samaṇo paraṃ yaṃ kañci sattaṃ viheṭhayanto parūpaghātī hoti attano sīlavināsako, so pabbajito nāma na hotīti attho. Atha vā yo adhivāsanakhantiyā abhāvā parūpaghātī hoti, paraṃ antamaso ḍaṃsamakasampi jīvitā voropeti, so na hi pabbajito. Kiṃ kāraṇā? Pāpamalassa apabbājitattā anīhaṭattā. ‘‘Pabbājayamattano malaṃ, tasmā pabbajitoti vuccatī’’ti (dha. pa. 388) idañhi pabbajitalakkhaṇaṃ<a name="V1.0387"></a>. Yopi naheva kho upaghāteti na māreti, apica daṇḍādīhi viheṭheti, sopi paraṃ viheṭhayanto samaṇo na hoti. Kiṃkāraṇā? Vihesāya asamitattā. Samitattā samaṇoti vuccatīti idañhi samaṇalakkhaṇaṃ. ‘‘Samitattā hi pāpānaṃ, samaṇoti pavuccatī’’ti (dha. pa. 265) hi vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisanto pātimokkhakathāya ca sīlappadhānattā sīlassa ca visesato doso paṭipakkhoti tassa niggaṇhanavidhiṃ dassetuṃ ādito <span class="bld">‘‘khantī paramaṃ tapo’’</span>ti āha. Tena aniṭṭhassa paṭihananūpāyo vutto, titikkhāggahaṇena pana iṭṭhassa, tadubhayenapi uppannaṃ aratiṃ uppannaṃ ratiṃ abhibhuyya viharatīti ayamattho dassito. Taṇhāvānassa vūpasamanato nibbānaṃ paramaṃ vadanti buddhā. Tattha khantiggahaṇena payogavipattiyā abhāvo dassito, titikkhāggahaṇena āsayavipattiyā abhāvo. Tathā khantiggahaṇena parāparādhasahatā, titikkhāggahaṇena paresu anaparajjhanā dassitā. Evaṃ kāraṇamukhena anvayato pātimokkhaṃ dassetvā idāni byatirekato <a name="M1.0443"></a> taṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘na hī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tena yathā sattānaṃ jīvitā voropanaṃ paraṃ pāṇileḍḍudaṇḍādīhi viheṭhanañca ‘‘parūpaghāto paraṃ viheṭhana’’nti vuccati, evaṃ tesaṃ sāpateyyāvaharaṇaṃ parāmasanaṃ visaṃvādanaṃ aññamaññabhedanaṃ pharusavacanena mammaghaṭṭanaṃ niratthakavippalāpo parasantakābhijjhānaṃ ucchedacintanaṃ micchābhinivesanañca upaghāto paraviheṭhanañca hotīti yassa kassaci akusalassa kammapathassa kammassa ca karaṇena pabbajito samaṇo ca na hotīti dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dutiyagāthāya <span class="bld">sabbapāpassā</span>ti sabbākusalassa sabbassapi dvādasākusalassa sabbacittuppādasaṅgahitassa sāvajjadhammassa. <span class="bld">Akaraṇa</span>nti anuppādanaṃ. Karaṇañhi nāma tassa attano santāne uppādananti tappaṭikkhepato akaraṇaṃ anuppādanaṃ. <span class="bld">Kusalassā</span>ti catubhūmikakusalassa. ‘‘Kusalassā’’ti hi idaṃ ‘‘etaṃ buddhāna sāsana’’nti vakkhamānattā ariyamaggadhamme tesañca sambhārabhūte tebhūmikakusale dhamme bodheti. <span class="bld">Upasampadā</span>ti upasampādanaṃ. Taṃ pana atthato tassa kusalassa samadhigamo paṭilābho. <span class="bld">Sacittapariyodapana</span>nti attano cittassa jotanaṃ cittassa pabhassarabhāvakaraṇaṃ sabbaso parisodhanaṃ. Taṃ pana arahattena hoti. Ettha ca yasmā aggamaggasamaṅgino cittaṃ sabbaso pariyodapīyati nāma, aggaphalakkhaṇe pana pariyodapitaṃ hoti puna pariyodapetabbatāya abhāvato, tasmā pariniṭṭhitapariyodapanataṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘taṃ pana arahattena hotī’’ti. Iti sīlasaṃvarena sabbapāpaṃ pahāya lokiyalokuttarāhi samathavipassanāhi <a name="V1.0388"></a> kusalaṃ sampādetvā arahattaphalena cittaṃ pariyodapetabbanti etaṃ buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ ovādo anusiṭṭhi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatiyagāthāya <span class="bld">anupavādo</span>ti vācāya kassaci anupavadanaṃ. <span class="bld">Anupaghāto</span>ti kāyena manasā ca kassaci upaghātākaraṇaṃ manasāpi paresaṃ anatthacintanādivasena upaghātakaraṇassa vajjetabbattā. <span class="bld">Pātimokkhe</span>ti yaṃ taṃ paatimokkhaṃ atipamokkhaṃ uttamaṃ sīlaṃ, pāti vā sugatibhayehi mokkheti duggatibhayehi, yo vā naṃ pāti, taṃ mokkhetīti pātimokkhanti vuccati, tasmiṃ pātimokkhe ca. <span class="bld">Saṃvaro</span>ti sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ avītikkamalakkhaṇo saṃvaro. <span class="bld">Mattaññutā</span>ti bhojane mattaññutā paṭiggahaṇaparibhogavasena pamāṇaññutā. <span class="bld">Pantañca sayanāsana</span>nti janasaṅghaṭṭavirahitaṃ nijjanasambādhaṃ vivittaṃ senāsanañca. Ettha dvīhiyeva <a name="M1.0444"></a> paccayehi catupaccayasantoso dīpitoti veditabbo paccayasantosasāmaññena itaradvayassapi lakkhaṇahāranayena jotitabhāvato. <span class="bld">Adhicitte ca āyogo</span>ti vipassanāpādakaṃ aṭṭhasamāpatticittaṃ adhicittaṃ, tatopi ca maggaphalacittameva adhicittaṃ, tasmiṃ yathāvutte adhicitte āyogo ca, anuyogoti attho. <span class="bld">Etaṃ buddhāna sāsana</span>nti etaṃ parassa anupavadanaṃ anupaghātanaṃ pātimokkhe saṃvaro paṭiggahaṇaparibhogesu mattaññutā vivittasenāsanasevanaṃ adhicittānuyogo ca buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ ovādo anusiṭṭhi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imā pana sabbabuddhānaṃ pātimokkhuddesagāthā hontīti veditabbā. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘eteneva upāyenā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Yāva sāsanapariyantā</span>ti dharamānakabuddhānaṃ anusāsanapariyantaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, yāva buddhā dharanti, tāva uddisitabbataṃ āgacchantīti vuttaṃ hoti. Ovādapātimokkhañhi buddhāyeva uddisanti, na sāvakā. Paṭhamabodhiyaṃyeva uddesamāgacchantīti sambandho. Paṭhamabodhi cettha vīsativassaparicchinnāti <span class="bld">mahāgaṇṭhipade</span> vuttaṃ. Tañca heṭṭhā aṭṭhakathāyameva ‘‘bhagavato hi paṭhamabodhiyaṃ vīsativassantare nibaddhupaṭṭhāko nāma natthī’’ti kathitattā ‘‘paṭhamabodhi nāma vīsativassānī’’ti gahetvā vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> pana ‘‘pañcacattālīsāya vassesu ādito pannarasa vassāni paṭhamabodhī’’ti vuttaṃ. Evañca sati majjhe pannarasa vassāni majjhimabodhi, ante pannarasa vassāni pacchimabodhīti tiṇṇaṃ bodhīnaṃ samappamāṇatā siyāti tampi yuttaṃ. Pannarasattikena hi pañcacattālīsa vassāni pūrenti. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana pannarasavassappamāṇāya paṭhamabodhiyā vīsativassesuyeva antogadhattā ‘‘paṭhamabodhiyaṃ vīsativassantare’’ti vuttanti evampi sakkā viññātuṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu <a name="V1.0389"></a> ca kānici sikkhāpadāni paññapetvāpi na tāva āṇāpātimokkhaṃ anuññātaṃ pacchā therassa āyācanena anuññātattā, tasmā kathametaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘sikkhāpadapaññattikālato pana pabhuti āṇāpātimokkhameva uddisīyatī’’ti, yadipi kānici sikkhāpadāni paññapetvāva āṇāpātimokkhaṃ na anuññātaṃ, tathāpi apaññatte sikkhāpade āṇāpātimokkhaṃ natthi, kintu paññatteyevāti imamatthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sikkhāpadapaññattikālato pana pabhutī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Pubbārāme</span>ti sāvatthiyā <a name="M1.0445"></a> pācīnadisābhāge katattā evaṃladdhavohāre mahāvihāre. <span class="bld">Migāramātupāsāde</span>ti migāraseṭṭhino mātuṭṭhāniyattā migāramātāti saṅkhyaṃ gatāya visākhāmahāupāsikāya kārite pāsāde. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhāna</span>nti hetupaṭikkhepo. <span class="bld">Anavakāso</span>ti paccayapaṭikkhepo. Ubhayenapi kāraṇameva paṭikkhipati. <span class="bld">Ya</span>nti yena kāraṇena.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tesa</span>nti bhikkhūnaṃ. <span class="bld">Sammukhasāvakānaṃ santike pabbajitā</span>ti sabbantimānaṃ subhaddasadisānaṃ sammukhasāvakānaṃ santike pabbajite sandhāya vadati. Khattiyakulādivaseneva vividhā kulāti sambandho. <span class="bld">Uccanīcauḷāruḷārabhogādikulavasena vā</span>ti uccanīcakulavasena uḷāruḷārabhogādikulavasena vāti yojetabbaṃ. Tattha khattiyabrāhmaṇavasena vā khattiyabrāhmaṇagahapatikānaṃ vasena vā <span class="bld">uccakulatā</span> veditabbā, sesānaṃ vasena <span class="bld">nīcakulatā</span>. <span class="bld">Uḷāruḷārabhogādikulavasena vā</span>ti uḷārataratamaupabhogavantādikulavasena. Uḷārātisayajotanatthañhi puna uḷāraggahaṇaṃ ‘‘dukkhadukkha’’ntiādīsu viya. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena uḷārānuḷārānaṃ gahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Brahmacariyaṃ rakkhantī</span>ti vuttamevatthaṃ pakāsetvā dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘ciraṃ pariyattidhammaṃ pariharantī’’</span>ti. Apaññattepi sikkhāpade yadi samānajātiādikā siyuṃ, attano attano kulānugataganthaṃ viya na nāseyyuṃ. Yasmā pana sikkhāpadampi apaññattaṃ, ime ca bhikkhū na samānajātiādikā, tasmā vināsesunti imamatthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yasmā ekanāmā…pe… tasmā aññamaññaṃ viheṭhentā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Yadi evaṃ kasmā ciraṭṭhitikavārepi ‘‘nānānāmā’’tiādi vuttanti? Satipi tesaṃ nānājaccādibhāve sikkhāpadapaññattiyā eva sāsanassa cirappavattīti dassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Sikkhāpadapaññattivaseneva sāsanassa cirappavatti. Yasmā buddhā attano parinibbānato uddhampi vinetabbasattasambhave sati sikkhāpadaṃ paññapenti, asati na paññapenti, tasmāti veditabbo. Yathā kāyavacīdvārasaṅkhātaṃ viññattiṃ samuṭṭhāpetvā pavattamānampi cittaṃ tassāyeva viññattiyā vasena pavattanato ‘‘kāyavacīdvārehi pavatta’’nti vuccati, evaṃsampadamidaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Yathā ta</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">ta</span>nti nipātamattaṃ. <span class="bld">Vaggasaṅgahapaṇṇāsasaṅgahādīhī</span>ti <a name="V1.0390"></a> sīlakkhandhavaggamahāvaggādivaggasaṅgahavasena mūlapaṇṇāsamaajhamapaṇṇāsādipaṇṇāsasaṅgahavasena. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena saṃyuttādisaṅgaho veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Evaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0446"></a> <span class="bld">vitakketha, mā evaṃ vitakkayitthā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">eva</span>nti yathānusiṭṭhāya anusāsaniyā vidhivasena paṭisedhanavasena ca pavattitākāraparāmasanaṃ, sā ca sammāvitakkānaṃ micchāvitakkānañca pavattiākāradassanavasena pavattati atthaānisaṃsassa ādīnavassa ca vibhāvanatthaṃ. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘nekkhammavitakkādayo tayo vitakke vitakkethā’’</span>tiādi. Ettha <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena abyāpādavitakkaavihiṃsāvitakkānaṃ gahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tattha nekkhammaṃ vuccati lobhato nikkhantattā alobho, nīvaraṇehi nikkhantattā paṭhamajjhānaṃ, sabbākusalehi nikkhantattā sabbo kusalo dhammo, sabbasaṅkhatehi nikkhantattā nibbānaṃ, upanissayato sampayogato ārammaṇakaraṇato ca nekkhammena paṭisaṃyutto vitakko <span class="bld">nekkhammavitakko,</span> sammāsaṅkappo. So asubhajjhānassa pubbabhāge kāmāvacaro hoti, asubhajjhāne rūpāvacaro, taṃ jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā uppannamaggaphalakāle lokuttaro. Byāpādassa paṭipakkho abyāpādo, kañcipi na byāpādenti etenāti vā abyāpādo, mettā. Yathāvuttena abyāpādena paṭisaṃyutto vitakko <span class="bld">abyāpādavitakko</span>. So mettājhānassa pubbabhāge kāmāvacaro hoti, mettābhāvanāvasena adhigate paṭhamajjhāne rūpāvacaro, taṃ jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā uppannamaggaphalakāle lokuttaro. Vihiṃsāya paṭipakkhā, na vihiṃsanti vā etāya satteti avihiṃsā, karuṇā. Tāya paṭisaṃyutto vitakko <span class="bld">avihiṃsāvitakko</span>. So karuṇājhānassa pubbabhāge kāmāvacaro, karuṇābhāvanāvasena adhigate paṭhamajjhāne rūpāvacaro, taṃ jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā uppannamaggaphalakāle lokuttaro.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca alobhādosāmohānaṃ aññamaññāvirahato nesaṃ vasena uppajjanakānaṃ imesaṃ nekkhammavitakkādīnaṃ aññamaññaṃ asaṅkarato vavatthānaṃ na hotīti? No na hoti. Yadā hi alobho padhāno hoti niyamitapariṇatasamudācārādivasena, tadā itare dve tadanvāyikā bhavanti. Tathā hi yadā alobhappadhāno nekkhammagaruko cittuppādo hoti, tadā laddhāvasaro nekkhammavitakko patiṭṭhahati. Taṃsampayuttassa pana adosalakkhaṇassa abyāpādassa vasena yo tasseva abyāpādavitakkabhāvo sambhaveyya, sati ca abyāpādavitakkabhāve kassacipi aviheṭhanajātikatāya avihiṃsāvitakkabhāvo ca sambhaveyya. Te itare <a name="M1.0447"></a> dve tasseva nekkhammavitakkassa anugāmino sarūpato adissanato tasmiṃ sati honti, asati na hontīti anumāneyyā bhavanti. Evameva yadā mettāpadhāno cittuppādo hoti, tadā itare dve tadanvāyikā <a name="V1.0391"></a> bhavanti. Yadā karuṇāpadhāno cittuppādo hoti, tadā itare dve tadanvāyikā bhavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kāmavitakkādayo</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena byāpādavitakkavihiṃsāvitakkānaṃ gahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tattha kāmapaṭisaṃyutto vitakko <span class="bld">kāmavitakko</span>. Ettha hi dve kāmā vatthukāmo ca kilesakāmo ca. Tattha vatthukāmapakkhe ārammaṇavasena kāmehi paṭisaṃyutto vitakko kāmavitakko, kilesakāmapakkhe pana sampayogavasena kāmena paṭisaṃyuttoti yojetabbaṃ. Byāpādapaṭisaṃyutto vitakko <span class="bld">byāpādavitakko</span>. Vihiṃsāpaṭisaṃyutto vitakko <span class="bld">vihiṃsāvitakko</span>. Tesu dve sattesupi saṅkhāresupi uppajjanti. Kāmavitakko hi piye manāpe satte vā saṅkhāre vā vitakkentassa uppajjati, byāpādavitakko appiye amanāpe satte vā saṅkhāre vā kujjhitvā olokanakālato paṭṭhāya yāva vināsanā uppajjati, vihiṃsāvitakko saṅkhāresu nuppajjati. Saṅkhāro hi dukkhāpetabbo nāma natthi, ‘‘ime sattā haññantu vā ucchijjantu vā vinassantu vā mā vā ahesu’’nti cintanakāle pana sattesu uppajjati. Atha kasmā vuttaṃ ‘‘saṅkhāro dukkhāpetabbo nāma natthī’’ti, nanu ye dukkhāpetabbāti icchitā sattasaññitā, tepi atthato saṅkhārā evāti? Saccametaṃ, te pana indriyabaddhā saviññāṇakatāya dukkhaṃ paṭisaṃvedenti, tasmā te vihiṃsāvitakkassa visayā icchitā sattasaññitā. Ye pana na dukkhaṃ paṭisaṃvedenti vuttalakkhaṇāyogato, te sandhāya ‘‘vihiṃsāvitakko saṅkhāresu nuppajjatī’’ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anupādāya āsavehi cittāni vimucciṃsū</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">āsavehī</span>ti katthuatthe karaṇaniddeso, <span class="bld">cittānī</span>ti paccattabahuvacanaṃ, <span class="bld">vimucciṃsū</span>ti kammasādhanaṃ, tasmā āsavehi kattubhūtehi anupādāya ārammaṇavasena aggahetvā cittāni vimuccitānīti evamettha attho gahetabboti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tesañhi cittānī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Yehi āsavehī</span>ti etthāpi kattuatthe eva karaṇaniddeso. <span class="bld">Vimucciṃsū</span>ti kammasādhanaṃ. <span class="bld">Na te</span> <a name="M1.0448"></a> <span class="bld">tāni gahetvā vimucciṃsū</span>ti te āsavā tāni cittāni ārammaṇavasena na gahetvā vimucciṃsu vimocesuṃ. Ettha hi <span class="bld">cittānī</span>ti upayogabahuvacanaṃ, <span class="bld">vimucciṃsū</span>ti kattusādhanaṃ. <span class="bld">Anuppādanirodhena nirujjhamānā</span>ti āyatiṃ anuppattisaṅkhātena nirodhena nirujjhamānā āsavā. <span class="bld">Aggahetvā vimucciṃsū</span>ti ārammaṇakaraṇavasena aggahetvā cittāni vimocesuṃ. <span class="bld">Vikasitacittā ahesu</span>nti sātisayañāṇarasmisamphassena samphullacittā ahesuṃ. <span class="bld">Purimavacanāpekkha</span>nti ‘‘aññatarasmiṃ bhiṃsanake vanasaṇḍe’’ti vuttavacanāpekkhaṃ. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘yaṃ vuttaṃ aññatarasmiṃ bhiṃsanake vanasaṇḍeti, tatrā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Kata</span>nti bhāvasādhanavāci idaṃ padanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘bhiṃsanakatasmiṃ</span> <a name="V1.0392"></a> <span class="bld">hoti, bhiṃsanakakiriyāyā’’</span>ti. Bhiṃsanassa karaṇaṃ kiriyā bhiṃsanakataṃ, tasmiṃ <span class="bld">bhiṃsanakatasmiṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni aññathāpi atthayojanaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘atha vā’’</span>tiādi. Imasmiṃ atthavikappe bhiṃsayatīti bhiṃsano, bhiṃsano eva bhiṃsanako, tassa bhāvo bhiṃsanakattanti vattabbe ta-kārassa lopaṃ katvā ‘‘bhiṃsanakata’’nti vuttanti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘bhiṃsanakatasminti bhiṃsanakabhāveti attho’’</span>tiādi. Yebhuyyaggahaṇaṃ lomavantavasenapi yojetabbaṃ, na lomavasenevāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘bahutarānaṃ vā’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Purisayugavasenā</span>ti purisakālavasena, purisānaṃ āyuppamāṇavasenāti vuttaṃ hoti. ‘‘Sabbapacchimako subhaddasadiso’’ti <span class="bld">tīsupi gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ. Tasmiṃ kāle vijjamānānaṃ dvinnaṃ purisānaṃ āyuparicchedaṃ sakalameva gahetvā <span class="bld">‘‘satasahassaṃ…pe… aṭṭhāsī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Dveyeva purisayugānī</span>ti ettha purisānaṃ yugappavattikālo purisayugaṃ. Abhilāpamattameva cetaṃ, atthato pana purisova purisayugaṃ. Dharamāne bhagavati ekaṃ purisayugaṃ, parinibbute ekanti katvā ‘‘dveyeva purisayugānī’’ti vuttaṃ. Parinibbute pana bhagavati ekameva purisayugaṃ asītiyeva vassasahassāni brahmacariyaṃ aṭṭhāsīti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para20"></a><span class="paranum">20</span>. <span class="bld">Sāvakayugānī</span>ti sāvakā eva sāvakayugāni. <span class="bld">Asambhuṇantenā</span>ti apāpuṇantena. <span class="bld">Gabbhaṃ gaṇhāpentassā</span>ti sabbaññutaññāṇassa vijāyanatthaṃ ñāṇagabbhaṃ gaṇhāpentassa.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para21"></a><span class="paranum">21</span>. <span class="bld">Ko</span> <a name="M1.0449"></a> <span class="bld">anusandhī</span>ti pubbāparakathānaṃ kiṃ anusandhānaṃ, ko sambandhoti attho. <span class="bld">Sikkhāpadapaññattiyācanāpekkha</span>nti yācīyatīti yācanā, sikkhāpadapaññattiyeva yācanā sikkhāpadapaññattiyācanā, taṃ apekkhatīti sikkhāpadapaññattiyācanāpekkhaṃ bhummavacanaṃ, yāciyamānasikkhāpadapaññattiapekkhaṃ bhummavacananti vuttaṃ hoti. Yācanavisiṭṭhā sikkhāpadapaññattiyeva hi ‘‘tatthā’’ti iminā parāmaṭṭhā, teneva vakkhati ‘‘tattha tassā sikkhāpadapaññattiyā’’ti. <span class="bld">Yaṃ vutta</span>nti ‘‘sikkhāpadaṃ paññapeyyā’’ti iminā yaṃ sikkhāpadapaññapanaṃ vuttaṃ, yācitanti attho. <span class="bld">Tattha tassā sikkhāpadapaññattiyā</span>ti tassaṃ yāciyamānasikkhāpadapaññattiyanti attho. <span class="bld">Akāla</span>nti sikkhāpadapaññattiyā akālaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Āsavaṭṭhānīyā</span>ti ettha adhikaraṇe anīyasaddoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘āsavā tiṭṭhanti etesū’’</span>tiādi<a name="V1.0393"></a>. Ke pana te āsavā, ke ca dhammā tadadhikaraṇabhūtāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yesu diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Diṭṭhadhammikā</span> parūpavādādayo, <span class="bld">samparāyikā</span> āpāyikā apāyadukkhavisesā. Te āsavanti tena tena paccayavasena pavattantīti <span class="bld">āsavā. Nesa</span>nti parūpavādādiāsavānaṃ. <span class="bld">Te</span>ti vītikkamadhammā. Asati āsavaṭṭhānīye dhamme sikkhāpadapaññattiyaṃ ko doso, yenevaṃ vuttanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yadi hi paññapeyyā’’</span>tiādi, vītikkamadosaṃ adisvā yadi paññapeyyāti adhippāyo. Parammukhā akkosanaṃ <span class="bld">parūpavādo,</span> parehi vacanesu dosāropanaṃ <span class="bld">parūpārambho,</span> sammukhā garahanaṃ <span class="bld">garahadoso</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathañhi nāma paliveṭhessatīti sambandho, kathaṃ-saddayoge anāgatappayogo daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Anvāyiko</span>ti anuvattako. <span class="bld">Bhogakkhandha</span>nti bhogarāsiṃ. ‘‘Amhākamete’’ti ñāyantīti ñātī, pitāmahapituputtādivasena parivaṭṭanaṭṭhena parivaṭṭo, ñātīyeva parivaṭṭo <span class="bld">ñātiparivaṭṭo. Ghāsacchādanaparamatāya santuṭṭhā</span>ti ghāsacchādane paramatāya uttamatāya santuṭṭhā, ghāsacchādanapariyesane sallekhavasena paramatāya ukkaṭṭhabhāve saṇṭhitāti attho. Ghāsacchādanameva vā paramaṃ paramā koṭi etesaṃ na tato paraṃ kiñci asāmisajātaṃ pariyesanti paccāsīsanti cāti ghāsacchādanaparamā, tesaṃ bhāvo ghāsacchādanaparamatā, tassaṃ <span class="bld">ghāsacchādanaparamatāya santuṭṭhā. Tesu nāma ko</span>ti yathāvuttaguṇavisiṭṭhesu <a name="M1.0450"></a> tesu bhikkhūsu ko nāma. <span class="bld">Lokāmisabhūta</span>nti lokapariyāpannaṃ hutvā kilesehi āmasitabbattā lokāmisabhūtaṃ. <span class="bld">Pabbajjāsaṅkhepenevā</span>ti ‘‘pāṇātipātā veramaṇī’’tiādinā pabbajjāmukheneva. <span class="bld">Eta</span>nti methunādīnaṃ akaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Thāma</span>nti sikkhāpadānaṃ paññāpanakiriyāya sāmatthiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Bala</span>nti yāthāvato sabbadhammānaṃ paṭivedhasamatthaṃ ñāṇabalaṃ. <span class="bld">Kuppeyyā</span>ti kuppaṃ bhaveyya. Etassevatthassa pākaṭakaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">na yathāṭhāne tiṭṭheyyā</span>ti, paññattiṭṭhāne na tiṭṭheyyāti attho. <span class="bld">Akusalo</span>ti tikicchituṃ yuttakālassa aparijānanato akusalo acheko. Avuddhi <span class="bld">anayo, byasanaṃ</span> dukkhaṃ. <span class="bld">Paṭikaccevā</span>ti gaṇḍuppādanato paṭhamameva. <span class="bld">Sañchaviṃ katvā</span>ti sobhanacchaviṃ katvā. <span class="bld">Bālavejjo</span>ti apaṇḍitavejjo. <span class="bld">Lohitakkhayañca maṃ pāpetī</span>ti vibhattivipariṇāmaṃ katvā yojetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Akālaṃ dassetvā</span>ti sikkhāpadapaññattiyā akālaṃ dassetvā. <span class="bld">Rogaṃ vūpasametvā</span>ti phāsuṃ katvā. <span class="bld">Sake ācariyake</span>ti ācariyassa bhāvo, kammaṃ vā ācariyakaṃ, tasmiṃ attano ācariyabhāve, ācariyakamme vā. Nimittatthe cetaṃ bhummavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Viditānubhāvo</span>ti pākaṭānubhāvo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vipulabhāvenā</span>ti <a name="V1.0394"></a> pabbajitānaṃ bahubhāvena. <span class="bld">Sāsane ekacce āsavaṭṭhānīyā dhammā na uppajjantī</span>ti yasmā senāsanāni pahonti, tasmā āvāsamacchariyādihetukā sāsane ekacce āsavaṭṭhānīyā dhammā na uppajjanti. <span class="bld">Iminā nayenā</span>ti etena padasodhammasikkhāpadādīnaṃ saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Lābhaggamahatta</span>nti cīvarādilabhitabbapaccayo lābho, tassa aggaṃ mahattaṃ paṇītatā bahubhāvo vā. Bahussutassa bhāvo <span class="bld">bāhusaccaṃ. Ayoniso ummujjamānā</span>ti anupāyena abhinivisamānā, viparītato jānamānāti attho. <span class="bld">Rasena rasaṃ saṃsanditvā</span>ti sabhāvena sabhāvaṃ saṃsanditvā, anuññātapaccattharaṇādīsu sukhasamphassasāmaññato upādinnaphassarasepi anavajjasaññitāya anupādinnaphassarasena upādinnaphassarasaṃ saṃsanditvā, samānabhāvaṃ upanetvāti attho. <span class="bld">Uddhammaṃ ubbinayaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0451"></a> <span class="bld">satthusāsanaṃ dīpentī</span>ti ‘‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmī’’tiādinā (pāci. 418) satthusāsanaṃ uddhammaṃ ubbinayaṃ katvā dīpenti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Imasmiṃ atthe</span>ti ‘‘nirabbudo hi, sāriputta, bhikkhusaṅgho’’ti (pārā. 21) evaṃ vuttabhikkhusaṅghasaññite atthe. Kathaṃ pana dussīlānaṃ corabhāvoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘te hi assamaṇāva hutvā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Kāḷakadhammayogā</span>ti dussīlatāsaṅkhātapāpadhammayogato. <span class="bld">Pabhassaro</span>ti pabhassarasīlo. <span class="bld">Sāroti vuccantī</span>ti sāsanabrahmacariyassa sārabhūtattā sīlādayo guṇā ‘‘sāro’’ti vuccanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sabbaparittaguṇo</span>ti sabbehi nihīnaguṇo, appaguṇo vā. <span class="bld">So sotāpanno</span>ti ānandattheraṃ sandhāya vadati. <span class="bld">Sotaṃ āpanno</span>ti maggasotaṃ āpanno. Paṭipakkhadhammānaṃ anavasesato savanato pellanato soto ariyamaggoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sototi ca maggassetaṃ adhivacana’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Sotāpannoti tena samannāgatassa puggalassā</span>ti iminā maggasamaṅgī sotāpannoti vatvā tamevatthaṃ udāharaṇena sādhetvā idāni idhādhippetapuggalaṃ niddhāretvā dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘idha panā’’</span>tiādi. Idha āpannasaddo ‘‘phalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 5.488) viya vattamānakālikoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘maggena phalassa nāmaṃ dinna’’</span>nti. Maggena hi attanā sadisassa aṭṭhaṅgikassa vā sattaṅgikassa vā phalassa sototi nāmaṃ dinnaṃ, atītakālikatte pana sarasatova nāmalābho siyā. Maggakkhaṇe hi maggasotaṃ āpajjati nāma, phalakkhaṇe āpanno.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Virūpaṃ <a name="V1.0395"></a> sadukkhaṃ saupāyāsaṃ nipātetīti <span class="bld">vinipāto,</span> apāyadukkhe khipanako. <span class="bld">Dhammo</span>ti sabhāvo. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘na attānaṃ apāyesu vinipātanasabhāvo’’</span>ti. Atha vā <span class="bld">dhammo</span>ti apāyesu khipanako sakkāyadiṭṭhiādiko akusaladhammo. Yassa pana so akusaladhammo natthi sabbaso pahīnattā, so yasmā apāyesu attānaṃ vinipātanasabhāvo na hoti, tasmā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘na attānaṃ apāyesu vinipātanasabhāvoti vuttaṃ hotī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Kasmā</span>ti avinipātanadhammatāya kāraṇaṃ pucchati. Apāyaṃ gamentīti <span class="bld">apāyagamanīyā. Vinipātanasabhāvo</span>ti uppajjanasabhāvo. <span class="bld">Sammattaniyāmena maggenā</span>ti sammā <a name="M1.0452"></a> bhavaniyāmakena paṭiladdhamaggena. <span class="bld">Niyato</span>ti vā heṭṭhimantato sattamabhavato upari anuppajjanadhammatāya niyato. <span class="bld">Sambodhī</span>ti uparimaggattayasaṅkhātā sambodhi. Sambujjhatīti hi sambodhi, ariyamaggo. So ca idha paṭhamamaggassa adhigatattā avasiṭṭho eva adhigantabbabhāvena icchitabboti. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘uparimaggattayaṃ avassaṃ sampāpako’’</span>ti. Uparimaggattayaṃ avassaṃ sampāpuṇātīti <span class="bld">sampāpako,</span> sotāpanno.</p>
<p class="centered">Vinayapaññattiyācanakathā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Buddhāciṇṇakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para22"></a><span class="paranum">22</span>. <span class="bld">Anudhammatā</span>ti lokuttaradhammānugato dhammo. <span class="bld">Anapaloketvā</span>ti padassa vivaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘anāpucchitvā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Janapadacārikaṃ pakkamantī</span>ti ettha iti-saddo gamyamānatāya na vutto, evaṃ aññatthāpi īdisesu ṭhānesu. Tattha <span class="bld">janapadacārika</span>nti janapadesu caraṇaṃ, caraṇaṃ vā cāro, so eva cārikā, janapadesu cārikā janapadacārikā. Taṃ pakkamanti, janapadagamanaṃ gacchantīti attho. <span class="bld">Pakkamantiyevā</span>ti avadhāraṇena no na pakkamantīti dasseti. ‘‘Janapadacārikaṃ pakkamantī’’ti ettha ṭhatvā bhagavato cārikāpakkamanavidhiṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘janapadacārikaṃ carantā cā’’</span>tiādi. Cārikā ca nāmesā (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.254; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.254) duvidhā turitacārikā ceva aturitacārikā ca. Tattha dūrepi bodhaneyyapuggalaṃ disvā tassa bodhanatthāya sahasā gamanaṃ <span class="bld">turitacārikā</span> nāma, sā mahākassapattherapaccuggamanādīsu daṭṭhabbā. Bhagavā hi mahākassapattheraṃ paccuggacchanto muhuttena tigāvutamagamāsi, āḷavakassatthāya tiṃsayojanaṃ, tathā aṅgulimālassa, pukkusātissa pana pañcacattālīsayojanaṃ, mahākappinassa vīsayojanasataṃ, dhaniyassatthāya sattayojanasatāni agamāsi, dhammasenāpatino saddhivihārikassa vanavāsītissasāmaṇerassa tigāvutādhikaṃ vīsayojanasataṃ agamāsi, ayaṃ turitacārikā. Yaṃ pana gāmanigamanagarapaṭipāṭiyā devasikaṃ yojanaaḍḍhayojanavasena piṇḍapātacariyādīhi <a name="V1.0396"></a> lokaṃ anuggaṇhantassa gamanaṃ, ayaṃ <span class="bld">aturitacārikā</span> nāma. Imaṃ pana cārikaṃ caranto bhagavā mahāmaṇḍalaṃ majjhimamaṇḍalaṃ antimamaṇḍalanti imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ maṇḍalānaṃ <a name="M1.0453"></a> aññatarasmiṃ carati. Tattha ‘‘janapadacārika’’nti vuttattā aturitacārikāva idhādhippetā. Tameva vibhajitvā dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘mahāmaṇḍalaṃ majjhimamaṇḍala’’</span>ntiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">antimamaṇḍala</span>nti khuddakamaṇḍalaṃ, itaresaṃ vā maṇḍalānaṃ antogadhattā antimamaṇḍalaṃ, abbhantarimamaṇḍalanti vuttaṃ hoti. Imesaṃ pana maṇḍalānaṃ kiṃ pamāṇanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tattha mahāmaṇḍalaṃ navayojanasatika’’</span>ntiādi. Navayojanasatikampi ṭhānaṃ majjhimadesapariyāpannameva, tato paraṃ nādhippetaṃ turitacārikāvasena agamanato. Yasmā nikkhantakālato paṭṭhāya gatagataṭṭhānassa catūsu passesu samantato yojanasataṃ ekakolāhalaṃ hoti, purimaṃ purimaṃ āgatā nimantetuṃ labhanti, itaresu dvīsu maṇḍalesu sakkāro mahāmaṇḍalaṃ osarati, tattha buddhā bhagavanto tesu tesu gāmanigamesu ekāhaṃ dvīhaṃ vasantā mahājanaṃ āmisapaṭiggahena anuggaṇhanti, dhammadānena ca vivaṭṭūpanissitaṃ kusalaṃ vaḍḍhenti, tasmā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘gāmanigamādīsu mahājanaṃ āmisapaṭiggahena anuggaṇhantā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Samathavipassanā taruṇā hontī</span>ti ettha taruṇā vipassanāti saṅkhāraparicchedane ñāṇaṃ kaṅkhāvitaraṇe ñāṇaṃ sammasane ñāṇaṃ maggāmagge ñāṇanti catunnaṃ ñāṇānaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Samathassa taruṇabhāvo pana upacārasamādhivasena veditabbo. ‘‘Sace pana antovasse bhikkhūnaṃ samathavipassanā taruṇā hontī’’ti idaṃ nidassanamattanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Aññenapi majjhimamaṇḍale veneyyānaṃ ñāṇaparipākādikāraṇena majjhimamaṇḍale cārikaṃ caritukāmā cātumāsaṃ vasitvāva nikkhamanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pavāraṇāsaṅgahaṃ datvā</span>ti anumatidānavasena datvā. <span class="bld">Māgasirassa paṭhamadivase</span>ti māgasiramāsassa paṭhamadivase. Idañcetarahi pavattavohāravasena kattikamāsassa aparapakkhapāṭipadadivasaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Tesa</span>nti tesaṃ buddhānaṃ. Tehi vinetabbattā ‘‘tesaṃ vineyyasattā’’ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Vineyyasattā</span>ti ca cārikāya vinetabbasattā. <span class="bld">Māgasiramāsampi tattheva vasitvā phussamāsassa paṭhamadivase</span>ti idampi nidassanamattanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Catumāsavutthānampi buddhānaṃ vineyyasattā aparipakkindriyā honti, tesaṃ indriyaparipākaṃ āgamayamānā aparampi ekamāsaṃ vā dviticatumāsaṃ vā tatthevavasitvā mahābhikkhusaṅghaparivārā nikkhamitvā purimanayeneva lokaṃ anuggaṇhantā <a name="M1.0454"></a> sattahi vā chahi vā pañcahi vā catūhi vā māsehi cārikaṃ pariyosāpenti. <span class="bld">Veneyyavasenevā</span>ti avadhāraṇena na cīvarādihetu carantīti dasseti. Tathā <a name="V1.0397"></a> hi imesu tīsu maṇḍalesu yattha katthaci cārikaṃ carantā na cīvarādihetu caranti, atha kho ye duggatabālajiṇṇabyādhikā, te ‘‘kadā tathāgataṃ āgantvā passissanti, mayi pana cārikaṃ carante mahājano tathāgatadassanaṃ labhissati, tattha keci cittāni pasādessanti, keci mālādīhi pūjessanti, keci kaṭacchubhikkhaṃ dassanti, keci micchādassanaṃ pahāya sammādiṭṭhikā bhavissanti, taṃ nesaṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti evaṃ lokānukampāya cārikaṃ caranti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica catūhi kāraṇehi buddhā bhagavanto cārikaṃ caranti jaṅghavihāravasena sarīraphāsukatthāya, aṭṭhuppattikālābhikaṅkhanatthāya, bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadapaññāpanatthāya, tattha tattha paripākagatindriye bodhaneyyasatte bodhanatthāyāti. Aparehipi catūhi kāraṇehi buddhā bhagavanto cārikaṃ caranti buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchissantīti vā, dhammaṃ, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchissantīti vā, mahatā dhammavassena catasso parisā santappessāmāti vā. Aparehipi pañcahi kāraṇehi buddhā bhagavanto cārikaṃ caranti pāṇātipātā viramissantīti vā, adinnādānā, kāmesumicchācārā, musāvādā, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā viramissantīti vā. Aparehipi aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi buddhā bhagavanto cārikaṃ caranti paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ paṭilabhissantīti vā, dutiyaṃ…pe… nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiṃ paṭilabhissantīti vā. Aparehipi aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi buddhā bhagavanto cārikaṃ caranti sotāpattimaggaṃ adhigamissantīti vā, sotāpattiphalaṃ…pe… arahattaphalaṃ sacchikarissantīti vāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pupphāni ocinantā viya carantī</span>ti iminā yathā mālākāro bahuṃ pupphagacchaṃ disvā tattha cirampi ṭhatvā pupphāni ocinitvā pupphasuññaṃ gacchaṃ disvā tattha papañcaṃ akatvā taṃ pahāya aññattha gantvā pupphāni ocinanto vicarati, evameva buddhāpi yattha gāmanigamādīsu vineyyasattā bahū honti, tattha cirampi vasantā te vinetvā vineyyasuññagāmādīsu papañcaṃ akatvā taṃ pahāya aññattha bahuvineyyakesu gāmādīsu vasantā vicarantīti dasseti. Tatoyeva ca atikhuddakepi antimamaṇḍale upanissayavantānaṃ bahubhāvato tāva bahumpi kālaṃ sattamāsapariyantaṃ cārikaṃ caranti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Santasabhāvattā <a name="M1.0455"></a> kilesasamaṇahetutāya vā santaṃ nibbānaṃ, sukhakāraṇatāya ca sukhanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘santaṃ sukhaṃ nibbānamārammaṇaṃ katvā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Dasasahassacakkavāḷe</span>ti jātikkhettabhūtāya dasasahassilokadhātuyā. Idañca devabrahmānaṃ vasena vuttaṃ, manussā pana imasmiṃyeva cakkavāḷe bodhaneyyā <a name="V1.0398"></a> honti. <span class="bld">Bodhaneyyasattasamavalokana</span>nti paṭhamaṃ mahākaruṇāya pharitvā pacchā sabbaññutaññāṇajālaṃ pattharitvā tassa anto paviṭṭhānaṃ bodhaneyyasattānaṃ samolokanaṃ. Buddhā kira mahākaruṇāsamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā tato vuṭṭhāya ‘‘ye sattā bhabbā paripākañāṇā ajjayeva mayā vinetabbā, te mayhaṃ ñāṇassa upaṭṭhahantū’’ti cittaṃ adhiṭṭhāya samannāharanti. Tesaṃ saha samannāhārā eko vā dve vā bahū vā tadā vinayūpagā veneyyā sabbaññutaññāṇassa āpāthamāgacchanti, ayamettha buddhānubhāvo. Evaṃ āpāthamāgatānaṃ pana nesaṃ upanissayaṃ pubbacariyaṃ pubbahetuṃ sampativattamānañca paṭipattiṃ olokenti. Veneyyasattapariggaṇhanatthañhi samannāhāre kate paṭhamaṃ nesaṃ veneyyabhāveneva upaṭṭhānaṃ hoti. Atha ‘‘kiṃ nu kho bhavissatī’’ti saraṇagamanādivasena kañci nipphattiṃ vīmaṃsamānā pubbupanissayāni olokenti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Otiṇṇe</span>ti ārocite, parisamajjhaṃ vā otiṇṇe. <span class="bld">Dvikkhattu</span>nti ekasmiṃ saṃvacchare dvikkhattuṃ. Buddhakāle kira ekekasmiṃ saṃvacchare dve vāre bhikkhū sannipatanti upakaṭṭhavassūpanāyikakāle ca pavāraṇākāle ca. Upakaṭṭhāya vassūpanāyikāya dasapi vīsampi tiṃsampi cattālīsampi paññāsampi bhikkhū vaggavaggā hutvā kammaṭṭhānatthāya āgacchanti. Bhagavā tehi saddhiṃ sammoditvā ‘‘kasmā, bhikkhave, upakaṭṭhāya vassūpanāyikāya vicarathā’’ti pucchati. Atha te ‘‘bhagavā kammaṭṭhānatthaṃ āgatamha, kammaṭṭhānaṃ no dethā’’ti yācanti. Satthā tesaṃ cariyavasena rāgacaritassa asubhakammaṭṭhānaṃ deti, dosacaritassa mettākammaṭṭhānaṃ, mohacaritassa ‘‘uddeso paripucchā kālena dhammassavanaṃ kālena dhammasākacchā idaṃ tuyhaṃ sappāya’’nti ācikkhati. Kiñcāpi hi mohacaritassa ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhānaṃ sappāyaṃ, kammaṭṭhānabhāvanāya pana bhājanabhūtaṃ kātuṃ sammohavigamāya <a name="M1.0456"></a> paṭhamaṃ uddesaparipucchādhammassavanadhammasākacchāsu niyojeti. Vitakkacaritassa ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhānaṃ deti. Saddhācaritassa visesato purimā cha anussatiyo sappāyā, tāsaṃ pana anuyuñjane ayaṃ pubbabhāgapaṭipattīti dassetuṃ pasādanīyasuttantena buddhasubodhitaṃ dhammasudhammataṃ saṅghasuppaṭipattiñca pakāseti. Ñāṇacaritassa pana maraṇassati upasamānussati catudhātuvavatthānaṃ āhārepaṭikūlasaññā visesato sappāyā, tesaṃ upakāradhammadassanatthaṃ aniccatādipaṭisaṃyutte gambhīre suttante katheti. Te kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā sace sappāyaṃ hoti, satthu santike eva vasanti. No ce hoti, sappāyaṃ senāsanaṃ pucchantā gacchanti. Tepi tattha vasantā temāsikaṃ paṭipadaṃ gahetvā ghaṭentā vāyamantā sotāpannāpi honti sakadāgāminopi anāgāminopi arahantopi. Tato vutthavassā pavāretvā satthu santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘bhagavā ahaṃ tumhākaṃ santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ <a name="V1.0399"></a> gahetvā sotāpattiphalaṃ patto…pe… ahaṃ aggaphalaṃ arahatta’’nti paṭiladdhaguṇaṃ ārocenti, upari anadhigatassa adhigamāya kammaṭṭhānañca yācanti. Tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘pure vassūpanāyikāya ca kammaṭṭhānaggahaṇatthaṃ…pe… upari kammaṭṭhānaggahaṇatthañcā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Āyāmā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">ā</span>-saddo ‘‘āgacchā’’ti iminā samānatthoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘āyāmāti āgaccha yāmā’’</span>ti, ehi gacchāmāti attho. <span class="bld">Ānandā</span>ti bhagavā santikāvacarattā theraṃ ālapati, na pana tadā satthu santike vasantānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ abhāvato. Pañcasataparimāṇo hi tadā bhagavato santike bhikkhusaṅgho. Thero pana ‘‘gaṇhathāvuso pattacīvarāni, bhagavā asukaṭṭhānaṃ gantukāmo’’ti bhikkhūnaṃ āroceti. ‘‘Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesī’’ti vuttattā <span class="bld">‘‘bhagavato paccassosī’’</span>ti idha <span class="bld">bhagavato</span>ti sāmivacanaṃ āmantanavacanameva sambandhīantaraṃ apekkhatīti iminā adhippāyena <span class="bld">‘‘bhagavato vacanaṃ paṭiassosī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Bhagavato</span>ti pana idaṃ patissavasambandhena sampadānavacanaṃ yathā ‘‘devadattassa paṭissuṇotī’’ti. <span class="bld">Paccassosī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">paṭi</span>-saddo abhimukhavacanoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘abhimukho hutvā suṇī’’</span>ti. Bhagavato mukhābhimukho hutvā adhivāsetvā suṇi, na udāsino hutvāti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassa <a name="M1.0457"></a> pāṭihāriyassa āgantukavasena katattā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘nagaradvārato paṭṭhāyā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Suvaṇṇarasapiñjarāhi rasmīhī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">rasa</span>-saddo udakapariyāyo, <span class="bld">piñjara</span>-saddo hemavaṇṇapariyāyo, tasmā suvaṇṇajaladhārā viya suvaṇṇavaṇṇāhi rasmīhīti attho. <span class="bld">Samujjotayamāno</span>ti obhāsayamāno. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti verañjassa brāhmaṇassa. <span class="bld">Bhagavantaṃ upanisīditukāmo</span>ti bhagavantaṃ upagantvā nisīditukāmo, bhagavato samīpe nisīditukāmoti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Brāhmaṇa tayā nimantitā vassaṃvutthā amhāti pāḷiyaṃ sambandho veditabbo. <span class="bld">Dātabbo assā</span>ti dātabbo bhaveyya. <span class="bld">No asanto</span>ti neva avijjamāno, kintu vijjamānoyevāti dīpeti. Vinā vā liṅgavipallāsenettha attho daṭṭhabboti āha <span class="bld">‘‘atha vā’’</span>tiādi. Iminā sāmaññavacanato ettha napuṃsakaliṅganiddesoti dasseti. <span class="bld">No natthī</span>ti no amhākaṃ natthi. <span class="bld">No</span>ti vā etassa vivaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">natthī</span>ti. Kesaṃ adātukāmatā viyāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yathā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Pahūtavittūpakaraṇāna</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">vittī</span>ti tuṭṭhi, vittiyā upakaraṇaṃ vittūpakaraṇaṃ, tuṭṭhikāraṇanti attho. Pahūtaṃ dhanadhaññajātarūparajatanānāvidhālaṅkārasuvaṇṇabhājanādibhedaṃ vittūpakaraṇametesanti pahūtavittūpakaraṇā, tesaṃ pahūtavittūpakaraṇānaṃ maccharīnaṃ yathā adātukāmatā, evaṃ no adātukāmatāpi <a name="V1.0400"></a> natthīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Taṃ kutettha labbhā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">ta</span>nti taṃ kāraṇaṃ, taṃ kiccaṃ vā. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti gharāvāse. Dutiye pana atthavikappe <span class="bld">ta</span>nti deyyadhammassa parāmasanaṃ. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti imasmiṃ temāsabbhantareti attho. <span class="bld">Ya</span>nti yena kāraṇena, kiriyāparāmasanaṃ vā. Dutiye pana atthavikappe <span class="bld">ya</span>nti yaṃ deyyadhammanti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Alaṃ gharāvāsapalibodhacintāyāti saññāpetvā</span>ti brāhmaṇa netaṃ gharāvāsapalibodhena kataṃ, atha kho mārāvaṭṭanenāti brāhmaṇaṃ saññāpetvā. <span class="bld">Taṅkhaṇānurūpāyā</span>ti yādisī tadā tassa ajjhāsayappavatti, tadanurūpāyāti attho. Tassa tadā tādisassa vivaṭṭasannissitassa ñāṇaparipākassa abhāvato kevalaṃ abbhantarasannissito eva attho dassitoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaṃ atthaṃ sandassetvā’’</span>ti, paccakkhato vibhāvetvāti attho. <span class="bld">Kusale dhamme</span>ti tebhūmake kusale <a name="M1.0458"></a> dhamme. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti kusaladhamme yathāsamādapite. <span class="bld">Na</span>nti brāhmaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Samuttejetvā</span>ti sammadeva uparūpari nivesetvā puññakiriyāya tikkhavisadabhāvaṃ āpādetvā. Taṃ pana atthato tassa ussāhajananaṃ hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘saussāhaṃ katvā’’</span>ti. Evaṃ puññakiriyāya saussāhato evarūpaguṇasamaṅgitā ca niyamato diṭṭhadhammikādiatthasampādananti evaṃ saussāhatāya aññehi ca tasmiṃ vijjamānaguṇehi <span class="bld">sampahaṃsetvā</span> sammadeva haṭṭhatuṭṭhabhāvaṃ āpādetvā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi bhagavā dhammaratanavassaṃ vassi, atha kasmā so visesaṃ nādhigacchi? Upanissayasampattiyā abhāvato. Yadi evaṃ kasmā bhagavā tassa tathā dhammaratanavassaṃ vassīti? Vuccate – yadipi tassa visesādhigamo natthi, āyatiṃ pana nibbānādhigamatthāya vāsanābhāgiyā ca sabbā purimapacchimadhammakathā ahosīti daṭṭhabbā. Na hi bhagavato niratthakā dhammadesanā atthi. <span class="bld">Temāsikopi deyyadhammo</span>ti temāsaṃ dātabbopi deyyadhammo. <span class="bld">Yaṃ divasa</span>nti yasmiṃ divase.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para23"></a><span class="paranum">23</span>. <span class="bld">Buddhapariṇāyaka</span>nti buddho pariṇāyako etassāti buddhapariṇāyako, bhikkhusaṅgho. Taṃ buddhapariṇāyakaṃ, buddhajeṭṭhakanti attho. <span class="bld">Yāvadatthaṃ katvā</span>ti yāva attho, tāva bhojanena tadā katanti adhippāyo. Dātuṃ upanītabhikkhāya paṭikkhepo nāma hatthasaññāya mukhavikārena vacībhedena vā hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘hatthasaññāyā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Onītapattapāṇi</span>nti ettha onīto pattato pāṇi etassāti onītapattapāṇīti bhinnādhikaraṇavisayoyaṃ saddo bāhiratthasamāsoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘pattato onītapāṇi’’</span>ntiādi. ‘‘Onittapattapāṇi’’ntipi pāṭho, tassattho onittaṃ nānābhūtaṃ vinābhūtaṃ āmisāpanayanena vā sucikataṃ pattaṃ pāṇito assāti onittapattapāṇi<a name="V1.0401"></a>, taṃ onittapattapāṇiṃ, hatthe ca pattañca dhovitvā ekamante pattaṃ nikkhipitvā nisinnanti attho. <span class="bld">Pattuṇṇapaṭṭapaṭe cā</span>ti pattuṇṇapaṭe ca paṭṭapaṭe ca. Tattha pattuṇṇapadese bhavā pattuṇṇā, kosiyavisesātipi vadanti. Paṭṭāni pana cīnapaṭāni. <span class="bld">Āyogā</span>dīsu <span class="bld">āyogo</span>ti paṭiāyogo, <span class="bld">aṃsabaddhakaṃ</span> pattatthavikādīsu. <span class="bld">Bhesajjatelāna</span>nti bhesajjasampākena sādhitatelānaṃ. <span class="bld">Tumbānī</span>ti <a name="M1.0459"></a> cammamayatelabhājanāni. Ekamekassa bhikkhuno sahassagghanakaṃ telamadāsīti sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mahāyāgaṃ yajitvā</span>ti mahādānaṃ datvā. <span class="bld">Saputtadāraṃ vanditvā nisinna</span>nti puttadārehi saddhiṃ vanditvā nisinnaṃ. <span class="bld">Temāsa</span>nti accantasaṃyoge upayogavacanaṃ. ‘‘Temāsaṃ sotabbadhammaṃ ajjeva suṇissāmī’’ti nisinnassa taṃ ajjhāsayaṃ pūretvā desitattā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘paripuṇṇasaṅkappaṃ kurumāno’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Anubandhitvā</span>ti anugantvā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Buddhānaṃ anabhiratiparitassitā nāma natthīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yathājjhāsayaṃ yathārucitaṃ vāsaṃ vasitvā’’</span>ti. Abhirantaṃ abhiratīti hi atthato ekaṃ. Abhirantasaddo cāyaṃ abhirucipariyāyo, na assādapariyāyo. Assādavasena ca katthaci vasantassa assādavatthuvigamanena siyā tassa tattha anabhirati, tayidaṃ khīṇāsavānaṃ natthi, pageva buddhānaṃ, tasmā abhirativasena katthaci vasitvā tadabhāvato aññattha gamanaṃ nāma buddhānaṃ natthi, vineyyavinayanatthaṃ pana katthaci vasitvā tasmiṃ siddhe vineyyavinayatthameva tato aññattha gacchanti, ayamettha yathāruci. <span class="bld">Soreyyādīni anupagammā</span>ti mahāmaṇḍalacārikāya vīthibhūtāni soreyyanagarādīni anupagantvā. <span class="bld">Payāgapatiṭṭhāna</span>nti gāmassapi adhivacanaṃ titthassapi. <span class="bld">Gaṅgaṃ nadi</span>nti gaṅgaṃ nāma nadiṃ. <span class="bld">Tadavasarī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">ta</span>nti karaṇatthe upayogavacananti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tena avasari tadavasarī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="centered">Buddhāciṇṇakathā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Samantapāsādikāyā</span>ti samantato sabbaso pasādaṃ janetīti samantapāsādikā, tassā samantapāsādikāya. <span class="bld">Tatridaṃ samantapāsādikāya samantapāsādikattasmi</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">tatrā</span>ti purimavacanāpekkhaṃ, <span class="bld">ida</span>nti vakkhamānakāraṇavacanāpekkhaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ yojanā – yaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘samantapāsādikāya vinayasaṃvaṇṇanāyā’’ti, tatra yā sā samantapāsādikāti saṃvaṇṇanā vuttā<a name="V1.0402"></a>, tassā samantapāsādikāya saṃvaṇṇanāya samantapāsādikattasmiṃ samantapāsādikabhāve sabbaso pasādajanakatte idaṃ hoti. Kiṃ hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ācariyaparamparato’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ācariyaparamparato</span>ti <a name="M1.0460"></a> ‘‘upāli dāsako’’tiādinā (pari. 3). Vuttaācariyaparamparato. <span class="bld">Nidānavatthuppabhedadīpanato</span>ti nidānappabhedadīpanato vatthuppabhedadīpanato ca. Tattha bāhiranidānaabbhantaranidānasikkhāpadanidānadassanavasena <span class="bld">nidāna</span>ppabhedadīpanaṃ veditabbaṃ, theravādappakāsanaṃ pana <span class="bld">vatthu</span>ppabhedadīpanaṃ. <span class="bld">Parasamayavivajjanato</span>ti ‘‘sakāya paṭiññāya mettiyaṃ bhikkhuniṃ nāsethā’’tiādīsu (pārā. 384) micchāpaṭipannānaṃ paresaṃ laddhinirākaraṇato, tatoyeva ca attano samayapatiṭṭhāpanena sakasamayavisuddhito.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Byañjanaparisodhanato</span>ti pāṭhasodhanena byañjanaparisodhanaṃ veditabbaṃ, saddasatthānusārena vā nibbacanaṃ dassetvā padanipphattidassanaṃ byañjanaparisodhanaṃ. <span class="bld">Vibhaṅganayabhedadassanato</span>ti ‘‘tisso itthiyo’’tiādipadabhājanassa anurūpavasena nayabhedadassanato. <span class="bld">Sampassata</span>nti ñāṇacakkhunā sammā passantānaṃ, upaparikkhantānanti attho. <span class="bld">Apāsādika</span>nti appasādāvahaṃ. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti samantapāsādikāya. Sampassataṃ viññūnanti sambandho. Tasmā ayaṃ saṃvaṇṇanā samantapāsādikātveva pavattāti yojetabbaṃ. Kassa kena desitassa saṃvaṇṇanāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘vinayassā’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti samantapāsādikāya vinayaṭṭhakathāya sāratthadīpaniyaṃ</p>
<p class="centered">Verañjakaṇḍavaṇṇanā samattā.</p>
<p class="centered">Paṭhamo bhāgo niṭṭhito.</p>
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