iapt-platform
/
mint
-ын хуулбар https://github.com/iapt-platform/mint.git


			
				
					
						
						
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<p class="centered"> Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa</p>
<p class="nikaya">Khuddakanikāye</p>
<p class="book">Khuddakapāṭha-aṭṭhakathā</p>
<p class="chapter">Ganthārambhakathā</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Buddhaṃ</span> <a name="M0.0001"></a><a name="P0.0011"></a><a name="V0.0001"></a> <span class="bld">saraṇaṃ gacchāmi;</span></p>
<p class="gatha2"><span class="bld">Dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi;</span></p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmīti</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ saraṇagamananiddeso khuddakānaṃ ādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imassa dāni atthaṃ paramatthajotikāya khuddakaṭṭhakathāya vivarituṃ vibhajituṃ uttānīkātuṃ idaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Uttamaṃ <a name="V0.0002"></a> vandaneyyānaṃ, vanditvā ratanattayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Khuddakānaṃ karissāmi, kesañci atthavaṇṇanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Khuddakānaṃ gambhīrattā, kiñcāpi atidukkarā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vaṇṇanā mādisenesā, abodhantena sāsanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ajjāpi tu abbocchinno, pubbācariyanicchayo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tatheva ca ṭhitaṃ yasmā, navaṅgaṃ satthusāsanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmāhaṃ kātumicchāmi, atthasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ imaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sāsanañceva nissāya, porāṇañca vinicchayaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saddhammabahumānena, nāttukkaṃsanakamyatā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nāññesaṃ vambhanatthāya, taṃ suṇātha samāhitāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Khuddakavavatthānaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M0.0002"></a> <span class="bld">‘‘khuddakānaṃ karissāmi, kesañci atthavaṇṇana’’</span>nti vuttattā khuddakāni tāva vavatthapetvā pacchā atthavaṇṇanaṃ karissāmi. Khuddakāni nāma khuddakanikāyassa ekadeso, khuddakanikāyo nāma pañcannaṃ nikāyānaṃ ekadeso. Pañca nikāyā nāma –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dīghamajjhimasaṃyutta, aṅguttarikakhuddakā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nikāyā pañca gambhīrā, dhammato atthato cime.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="P0.0012"></a> brahmajālasuttādīni catuttiṃsa suttāni <span class="bld">dīghanikāyo</span>. Mūlapariyāyasuttādīni diyaḍḍhasataṃ dve ca suttāni <span class="bld">majjhimanikāyo</span>. Oghataraṇasuttādīni satta suttasahassāni satta ca suttasatāni dvāsaṭṭhi ca suttāni <span class="bld">saṃyuttanikāyo</span>. Cittapariyādānasuttādīni nava suttasahassāni pañca ca suttasatāni sattapaññāsañca suttāni <span class="bld">aṅguttaranikāyo</span>. Khuddakapāṭho, dhammapadaṃ, udānaṃ, itivuttakaṃ, suttanipāto, vimānavatthu, petavatthu, theragāthā, therīgāthā, jātakaṃ, niddeso, paṭisambhidā<a name="V0.0003"></a>, apadānaṃ, buddhavaṃso, cariyāpiṭakaṃ, vinayābhidhammapiṭakāni, ṭhapetvā vā cattāro nikāye avasesaṃ buddhavacanaṃ <span class="bld">khuddakanikāyo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmā panesa khuddakanikāyoti vuccati? Bahūnaṃ khuddakānaṃ dhammakkhandhānaṃ samūhato nivāsato ca. Samūhanivāsā hi ‘‘nikāyo’’ti vuccanti. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekanikāyampi samanupassāmi evaṃ cittaṃ, yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā (saṃ. ni. 3.100). Poṇikanikāyo, cikkhallikanikāyo’’ti evamādīni cettha sādhakāni sāsanato lokato ca. Ayamassa khuddakanikāyassa ekadeso. Imāni suttantapiṭakapariyāpannāni atthato vivarituṃ vibhajituṃ uttānīkātuñca adhippetāni khuddakāni, tesampi khuddakānaṃ saraṇasikkhāpadadvattiṃsākārakumārapañhamaṅgalasutta- ratanasuttatirokuṭṭanidhikaṇḍamettasuttānaṃ vasena navappabhedo khuddakapāṭho ādi ācariyaparamparāya vācanāmaggaṃ āropitavasena na bhagavatā vuttavasena. Bhagavatā hi vuttavasena –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Anekajātisaṃsāraṃ, sandhāvissaṃ anibbisaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Gahakāraṃ gavesanto, dukkhā jāti punappunaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Gahakāraka <a name="M0.0003"></a><a name="P0.0013"></a> diṭṭhosi, puna gehaṃ na kāhasi;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sabbā te phāsukā bhaggā, gahakūṭaṃ visaṅkhataṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Visaṅkhāragataṃ cittaṃ, taṇhānaṃ khayamajjhagā’’ti. (dha. pa. 153-154) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Idaṃ gāthādvayaṃ sabbassāpi buddhavacanassa ādi. Tañca manasāva vuttavasena, na vacībhedaṃ katvā vuttavasena. Vacībhedaṃ pana katvā vuttavasena –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Athassa kaṅkhā vapayanti sabbā,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yato pajānāti sahetudhamma’’nti. (udā. 1; mahāva. 1) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ayaṃ gāthā ādi. Tasmā yvāyaṃ navappabhedo khuddakapāṭho imesaṃ khuddakānaṃ ādi, tassa ādito pabhuti atthasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ ārabhissāmi.</p>
<p class="subhead">Nidānasodhanaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassa <a name="V0.0004"></a> cāyamādi <span class="bld">‘‘buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmī’’</span>ti. Tassāyaṃ atthavaṇṇanāya mātikā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kena kattha kadā kasmā, bhāsitaṃ saraṇattayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kasmā cidhādito vutta, mavuttamapi ādito.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nidānasodhanaṃ katvā, evamettha tato paraṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Buddhaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ, gamakañca vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhedābhedaṃ phalañcāpi, gamanīyañca dīpaye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dhammaṃ saraṇamiccādi, dvayepesa nayo mato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Anupubbavavatthāne, kāraṇañca viniddise;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saraṇattayametañca, upamāhi pakāsaye’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha paṭhamagāthāya tāva idaṃ saraṇattayaṃ kena bhāsitaṃ, kattha bhāsitaṃ, kadā bhāsitaṃ, kasmā bhāsitaṃ <a name="P0.0014"></a> avuttamapicādito tathāgatena kasmā idhādito vuttanti pañca pañhā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tesaṃ <a name="M0.0004"></a> vissajjanā <span class="bld">kena bhāsita</span>nti bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ, na sāvakehi, na isīhi, na devatāhi. <span class="bld">Katthā</span>ti bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye. <span class="bld">Kadā</span>ti āyasmante yase saddhiṃ sahāyakehi arahattaṃ patte ekasaṭṭhiyā arahantesu bahujanahitāya loke dhammadesanaṃ karontesu. Kasmāti pabbajjatthañca upasampadatthañca. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Evañca pana, bhikkhave, pabbājetabbo upasampādetabbo. Paṭhamaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādāpetvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ kārāpetvā bhikkhūnaṃ pāde vandāpetvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīdāpetvā añjaliṃ paggaṇhāpetvā ‘evaṃ vadehī’ti vattabbo ‘buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmī’’’ti (mahāva. 34).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kasmā</span> <a name="V0.0005"></a> <span class="bld">cidhādito vutta</span>nti idañca navaṅgaṃ satthusāsanaṃ tīhi piṭakehi saṅgaṇhitvā vācanāmaggaṃ āropentehi pubbācariyehi yasmā iminā maggena devamanussā upāsakabhāvena vā pabbajitabhāvena vā sāsanaṃ otaranti, tasmā sāsanotārassa maggabhūtattā idha khuddakapāṭhe ādito vuttanti ñātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="centered">Kataṃ nidānasodhanaṃ.</p>
<p class="chapter">1. Saraṇattayavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="subhead">Buddhavibhāvanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="V0.0006"></a> yaṃ vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘buddhaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ, gamakañca vibhāvaye’’</span>ti, tattha sabbadhammesu appaṭihatañāṇanimittānuttaravimokkhādhigamaparibhāvitaṃ khandhasantānamupādāya, paññattito sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ vā saccābhisambodhimupādāya paññattito sattaviseso buddho. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Buddhoti <a name="M0.0005"></a> yo so bhagavā sayambhū anācariyako pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhi, tattha ca sabbaññutaṃ patto, balesu ca vasībhāva’’nti (mahāni. 192; cūḷani. pārāyanatthutigāthāniddesa 97; paṭi. ma. 1.161).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ tāva atthato buddhavibhāvanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Byañjanato</span> pana ‘‘bujjhitāti buddho, bodhetāti buddho’’ti evamādinā nayena veditabbo. Vuttañcetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Buddhoti kenaṭṭhena buddho? Bujjhitā saccānīti buddho, bodhetā pajāyāti buddho, sabbaññutāya buddho, sabbadassāvitāya buddho, anaññaneyyatāya buddho, vikasitāya <a name="P0.0015"></a> buddho, khīṇāsavasaṅkhātena buddho, nirupakkilesasaṅkhātena buddho, ekantavītarāgoti buddho, ekantavītadosoti buddho, ekantavītamohoti buddho, ekantanikkilesoti buddho, ekāyanamaggaṃ gatoti buddho, eko anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddhoti buddho, abuddhivihatattā buddhipaṭilābhā buddho. Buddhoti netaṃ nāmaṃ mātarā kataṃ, na pitarā kataṃ, na bhātarā kataṃ, na bhaginiyā kataṃ, na mittāmaccehi kataṃ, na ñātisālohitehi kataṃ, na samaṇabrāhmaṇehi kataṃ, na devatāhi kataṃ, vimokkhantikametaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ bodhiyā mūle saha sabbaññutaññāṇassa paṭilābhā sacchikā <a name="V0.0007"></a> paññatti yadidaṃ buddho’’ti (mahāni. 192; cūḷani. pārāyanatthutigāthāniddesa 97; paṭi. ma. 1.162).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca yathā loke avagantā avagatoti vuccati, evaṃ <span class="bld">bujjhitā saccānī</span>ti buddho. Yathā paṇṇasosā vātā paṇṇasusāti vuccanti, evaṃ <span class="bld">bodhetā pajāyā</span>ti buddho. <span class="bld">Sabbaññutāya buddho</span>ti sabbadhammabujjhanasamatthāya buddhiyā buddhoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Sabbadassāvitāya buddho</span>ti sabbadhammabodhanasamatthāya buddhiyā buddhoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Anaññaneyyatāya buddho</span>ti aññena abodhito sayameva buddhattā buddhoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Vikasitāya buddho</span>ti nānāguṇavikasanato padumamiva vikasanaṭṭhena buddhoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Khīṇāsavasaṅkhātena buddho</span>ti evamādīhi cittasaṅkocakaradhammapahānato <a name="M0.0006"></a> niddākkhayavibuddho puriso viya sabbakilesaniddākkhayavibuddhattā buddhoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Ekāyanamaggaṃ gatoti buddho</span>ti buddhiyatthānaṃ gamanatthapariyāyato yathā maggaṃ gatopi puriso gatoti vuccati, evaṃ ekāyanamaggaṃ gatattāpi buddhoti vuccatīti dassetuṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Eko anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddhoti buddho</span>ti na parehi buddhattā buddho, kintu sayameva anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddhattā buddhoti vuttaṃ hoti<a name="P0.0016"></a>. <span class="bld">Abuddhivihatattā buddhipaṭilābhā buddho</span>ti buddhi buddhaṃ bodhoti pariyāyavacanametaṃ. Tattha yathā nīlarattaguṇayogato ‘‘nīlo paṭo, ratto paṭo’’ti vuccati, evaṃ buddhiguṇayogato buddhoti ñāpetuṃ vuttaṃ hoti. Tato paraṃ <span class="bld">buddhoti netaṃ nāma</span>nti evamādi atthamanugatā ayaṃ paññattīti bodhanatthaṃ vuttanti evarūpena nayena sabbesaṃ padānaṃ buddhasaddassa sādhanasamattho attho veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ byañjanatopi buddhavibhāvanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Saraṇagamanagamakavibhāvanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">saraṇagamanādīsu</span> hiṃsatīti saraṇaṃ, saraṇagatānaṃ teneva saraṇagamanena bhayaṃ santāsaṃ dukkhaṃ duggatiṃ parikkilesaṃ hiṃsati vidhamati nīharati nirodhetīti attho. Atha vā hite pavattanena ahitā ca nivattanena sattānaṃ bhayaṃ hiṃsatīti buddho, bhavakantārā uttaraṇena assāsadānena ca dhammo, appakānampi kārānaṃ vipulaphalapaṭilābhakaraṇena saṅgho. Tasmā imināpi pariyāyena taṃ ratanattayaṃ saraṇaṃ. Tappasādataggarutāhi vihataviddhaṃsitakileso tapparāyaṇatākārappavatto aparappaccayo vā cittuppādo saraṇagamanaṃ. Taṃsamaṅgī satto taṃ saraṇaṃ gacchati, vuttappakārena cittuppādena ‘‘esa me saraṇaṃ, esa me parāyaṇa’’nti evametaṃ upetīti attho<a name="V0.0008"></a>. Upento ca ‘‘ete mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāma, dhammañca, upāsake no bhagavā dhāretū’’ti tapussabhallikādayo <a name="M0.0007"></a> viya samādānena vā, ‘‘satthā me, bhante, bhagavā, sāvakohamasmī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.154) mahākassapādayo viya sissabhāvūpagamanena vā, ‘‘evaṃ vutte brahmāyu brāhmaṇo uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā tikkhattuṃ udānaṃ udānesi ‘namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa. Namo tassa…pe… sammāsambuddhassā’’’ti <a name="P0.0017"></a> (ma. ni. 2.388) brahmāyuādayo viya tappoṇattena vā, kammaṭṭhānānuyogino viya attasanniyyātanena vā, ariyapuggalā viya saraṇagamanupakkilesasamucchedena vāti anekappakāraṃ visayato kiccato ca upeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ saraṇagamanassa gamakassa ca vibhāvanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Bhedābhedaphaladīpanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">‘‘bhedābhedaṃ phalañcāpi, gamanīyañca dīpaye’’</span>ti vuttānaṃ bhedādīnaṃ ayaṃ dīpanā, evaṃ saraṇagatassa puggalassa duvidho saraṇagamanabhedo – sāvajjo ca anavajjo ca. Anavajjo kālakiriyāya, sāvajjo aññasatthari vuttappakārappavattiyā, tasmiñca vuttappakāraviparītappavattiyā. So duvidhopi puthujjanānameva. Buddhaguṇesu aññāṇasaṃsayamicchāñāṇappavattiyā anādarādippavattiyā ca tesaṃ saraṇaṃ saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ hoti. Ariyapuggalā pana abhinnasaraṇā ceva asaṃkiliṭṭhasaraṇā ca honti. Yathāha ‘‘aṭṭhānametaṃ, bhikkhave, anavakāso, yaṃ diṭṭhisampanno puggalo aññaṃ satthāraṃ uddiseyyā’’ti (a. ni. 1.276; ma. ni. 3.128; vibha. 809). Puthujjanā tu yāvadeva saraṇabhedaṃ na pāpuṇanti, tāvadeva abhinnasaraṇā. Sāvajjova nesaṃ saraṇabhedo, saṃkileso ca aniṭṭhaphalado hoti. Anavajjo avipākattā aphalo, abhedo pana phalato iṭṭhameva phalaṃ deti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yekeci <a name="M0.0008"></a> buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse, na te gamissanti apāyabhūmiṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pahāya mānusaṃ dehaṃ, devakāyaṃ paripūressantī’’ti. (dī. ni. 2.332; saṃ. ni. 1.37);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra <a name="V0.0009"></a> ca ye saraṇagamanupakkilesasamucchedena saraṇaṃ gatā, te apāyaṃ na gamissanti. Itare pana saraṇagamanena na gamissantīti evaṃ gāthāya adhippāyo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ tāva bhedābhedaphaladīpanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Gamanīyadīpanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Gamanīyadīpanāyaṃ</span> codako āha – ‘‘buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmī’’ti ettha yo buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchati, esa buddhaṃ vā gaccheyya saraṇaṃ vā, ubhayathāpi ca ekassa vacanaṃ niratthakaṃ. Kasmā? Gamanakiriyāya kammadvayābhāvato. Na hettha ‘‘ajaṃ gāmaṃ netī’’tiādīsu viya dvikammakattaṃ akkharacintakā icchanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Gacchateva pubbaṃ <a name="P0.0018"></a> disaṃ, gacchati pacchimaṃ disa’’ntiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.159; 3.87) viya sātthakamevāti ce? Na, buddhasaraṇānaṃ samānādhikaraṇabhāvassānadhippetato. Etesañhi samānādhikaraṇabhāve adhippete paṭihatacittopi buddhaṃ upasaṅkamanto buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato siyā. Yañhi taṃ buddhoti visesitaṃ saraṇaṃ, tamevesa gatoti. ‘‘Etaṃ kho saraṇaṃ khemaṃ, etaṃ saraṇamuttama’’nti (dha. pa. 192) vacanato samānādhikaraṇattamevāti ce? Na, tattheva tabbhāvato. Tattheva hi gāthāpade etaṃ buddhādiratanattayaṃ saraṇagatānaṃ bhayaharaṇattasaṅkhāte saraṇabhāve abyabhicaraṇato ‘‘khemamuttamañca saraṇa’’nti ayaṃ samānādhikaraṇabhāvo adhippeto, aññattha tu gamisambandhe sati saraṇagamanassa appasiddhito anadhippetoti asādhakametaṃ. ‘‘Etaṃ <a name="M0.0009"></a> saraṇamāgamma, sabbadukkhā pamuccatī’’ti ettha gamisambandhepi saraṇagamanapasiddhito samānādhikaraṇattamevāti ce? Na pubbe vuttadosappasaṅgato. Tatrāpi hi samānādhikaraṇabhāve sati etaṃ buddhadhammasaṅghasaraṇaṃ paṭihatacittopi āgamma sabbadukkhā pamucceyyāti evaṃ pubbe vuttadosappasaṅgo eva siyā, na ca no dosena atthi atthoti asādhakametaṃ. Yathā ‘‘mamañhi, ānanda, kalyāṇamittaṃ āgamma jātidhammā sattā jātiyā parimuccantī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 1.129) ettha bhagavato kalyāṇamittassa ānubhāvena parimuccamānā sattā ‘‘kalyāṇamittaṃ āgamma parimuccantī’’ti vuttā. Evamidhāpi buddhadhammasaṅghassa saraṇassānubhāvena muccamāno ‘‘etaṃ saraṇamāgamma, sabbadukkhā pamuccatī’’ti vuttoti evamettha adhippāyo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ sabbathāpi na buddhassa gamanīyattaṃ yujjati, na saraṇassa, na ubhayesaṃ, icchitabbañca <a name="V0.0010"></a> gacchāmīti niddiṭṭhassa gamakassa gamanīyaṃ, tato vattabbā ettha yuttīti. Vuccate –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Buddhoyevettha gamanīyo, gamanākāradassanatthaṃ tu taṃ saraṇavacanaṃ, buddhaṃ saraṇanti gacchāmi. Esa me saraṇaṃ, esa me parāyaṇaṃ, aghassa, tātā, hitassa ca vidhātāti <a name="P0.0019"></a> iminā adhippāyena etaṃ gacchāmi bhajāmi sevāmi payirupāsāmi, evaṃ vā jānāmi bujjhāmīti. Yesañhi dhātūnaṃ gatiattho buddhipi tesaṃ atthoti. Iti-saddassa appayogā ayuttamiti ce? Taṃ na. Tattha siyā – yadi cettha evamattho bhaveyya, tato ‘‘aniccaṃ rūpaṃ aniccaṃ rūpanti yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti evamādīsu (saṃ. ni. 3.55, 85) viya iti-saddo payutto siyā, na ca payutto, tasmā ayuttametanti. Tañca na, kasmā? Tadatthasambhavā. ‘‘Yo ca buddhañca dhammañca saṅghañca saraṇaṃ gato’’ti evamādīsu (dha. pa. 190) viya idhāpi iti-saddassa attho sambhavati, na ca vijjamānatthasambhavā iti-saddā sabbattha payujjanti, appayuttassāpettha payuttassa viya iti-saddassa attho viññātabbo aññesu ca evaṃjātikesu, tasmā adoso eva soti. ‘‘Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, tīhi saraṇagamanehi pabbajja’’ntiādīsu (mahāva. 34) saraṇasseva gamanīyato yaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘gamanākāradassanatthaṃ tu saraṇavacana’’nti, taṃ na yuttamiti ce. Taṃ <a name="M0.0010"></a> nāyuttaṃ. Kasmā? Tadatthasambhavā eva. Tatrāpi hi tassa attho sambhavati, yato pubbasadisameva appayuttopi payutto viya veditabbo. Itarathā hi pubbe vuttadosappasaṅgo eva siyā, tasmā yathānusiṭṭhameva gahetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ gamanīyadīpanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dhammasaṅghasaraṇavibhāvanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni yaṃ vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘dhammaṃ saraṇamiccādi, dvayepesa nayo mato’’</span>ti ettha vuccate – yvāyaṃ ‘‘buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmī’’ti ettha atthavaṇṇanānayo vutto, ‘‘dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmī’’ti etasmimpi padadvaye esova veditabbo. Tatrāpi hi dhammasaṅghānaṃ atthato byañjanato ca vibhāvanamattameva asadisaṃ, sesaṃ vuttasadisameva. Yato yadevettha asadisaṃ, taṃ vuccate – maggaphalanibbānāni dhammoti eke. Bhāvitamaggānaṃ sacchikatanibbānānañca apāyesu apatanabhāvena dhāraṇato paramassāsavidhānato ca maggavirāgā eva imasmiṃ atthe dhammoti amhākaṃ khanti, aggappasādasuttañceva sādhakaṃ. Vuttañcettha ‘‘yāvatā, bhikkhave, dhammā saṅkhatā<a name="V0.0011"></a>, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo tesaṃ aggamakkhāyatī’’ti evamādi <a name="P0.0020"></a> (a. ni. 4.34; itivu. 90).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Catubbidhaariyamaggasamaṅgīnaṃ catusāmaññaphalasamadhivāsitakhandhasantānānañca puggalānaṃ samūho diṭṭhisīlasaṅghātena saṃhatattā saṅgho. Vuttañcetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ānanda, ye vo mayā dhammā abhiññā desitā, seyyathidaṃ, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, cattāro sammappadhānā, cattāro iddhipādā, pañcindriyāni, pañca balāni, satta bojjhaṅgā, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, passasi no tvaṃ, ānanda, imesu dhammesu dvepi bhikkhū nānāvāde’’ti (ma. ni. 3.43).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayañhi paramatthasaṅgho saraṇanti gamanīyo. Sutte ca ‘‘āhuneyyo pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti <a name="M0.0011"></a> (itivu. 90; a. ni. 4.34, 181) vutto. Etaṃ pana saraṇaṃ gatassa aññasmimpi bhikkhusaṅghe vā bhikkhunisaṅghe vā buddhappamukhe vā saṅghe sammutisaṅghe vā catuvaggādibhede ekapuggalepi vā bhagavantaṃ uddissa pabbajite vandanādikiriyāya saraṇagamanaṃ neva bhijjati na saṃkilissati, ayamettha viseso. Vuttāvasesantu imassa dutiyassa ca saraṇagamanassa bhedābhedādividhānaṃ pubbe vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Ayaṃ tāva ‘‘dhammaṃ saraṇamiccādi, dvayepesa nayo mato’’ti etassa vaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Anupubbavavatthānakāraṇaniddeso</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">anupubbavavatthāne, kāraṇañca viniddise</span>ti ettha etesu ca tīsu saraṇavacanesu sabbasattānaṃ aggoti katvā paṭhamaṃ buddho, tappabhavato tadupadesitato ca anantaraṃ dhammo, tassa dhammassa ādhārakato tadāsevanato ca ante saṅgho. Sabbasattānaṃ vā hite niyojakoti katvā paṭhamaṃ buddho, tappabhavato sabbasattahitattā anantaraṃ dhammo, hitādhigamāya paṭipanno adhigatahito cāti katvā ante saṅgho saraṇabhāvena vavatthapetvā pakāsitoti evaṃ anupubbavavatthāne kāraṇañca viniddise.</p>
<p class="subhead">Upamāpakāsanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="V0.0012"></a> yampi vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘saraṇattayametañca, upamāhi pakāsaye’’</span>ti<a name="P0.0021"></a>, tampi vuccate – ettha pana puṇṇacando viya buddho, candakiraṇanikaro viya tena desito dhammo, puṇṇacandakiraṇasamuppāditapīṇito loko viya saṅgho. Bālasūriyo viya buddho, tassa rasmijālamiva vuttappakāro dhammo, tena vihatandhakāro loko viya saṅgho. Vanadāhakapuriso viya buddho, vanadahanaggi viya kilesavanadahano dhammo, daḍḍhavanattā khettabhūto viya bhūmibhāgo daḍḍhakilesattā puññakkhettabhūto saṅgho. Mahāmegho viya buddho, salilavuṭṭhi viya dhammo, vuṭṭhinipātūpasamitareṇu viya janapado upasamitakilesareṇu saṅgho. Susārathi <a name="M0.0012"></a> viya buddho, assājānīyavinayūpāyo viya dhammo, suvinītassājānīyasamūho viya saṅgho. Sabbadiṭṭhisalluddharaṇato sallakatto viya buddho, salluddharaṇūpāyo viya dhammo, samuddhaṭasallo viya jano samuddhaṭadiṭṭhisallo saṅgho. Mohapaṭalasamuppāṭanato vā sālākiyo viya buddho, paṭalasamuppāṭanupāyo viya dhammo, samuppāṭitapaṭalo vippasannalocano viya jano samuppāṭitamohapaṭalo vippasannañāṇalocano saṅgho. Sānusayakilesabyādhiharaṇasamatthatāya vā kusalo vejjo viya buddho, sammā payuttabhesajjamiva dhammo, bhesajjapayogena samupasantabyādhi viya janasamudāyo samupasantakilesabyādhānusayo saṅgho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā sudesako viya buddho, sumaggo viya khemantabhūmi viya ca dhammo, maggappaṭipanno khemantabhūmippatto viya saṅgho. Sunāviko viya buddho, nāvā viya dhammo, pārappatto sampattiko viya jano saṅgho. Himavā viya buddho, tappabhavosadhamiva dhammo, osadhūpabhogena nirāmayo viya jano saṅgho. Dhanado viya buddho, dhanaṃ viya dhammo, yathādhippāyaṃ laddhadhano viya jano sammāladdhaariyadhano saṅgho. Nidhidassanako viya <a name="P0.0022"></a> buddho, nidhi viya dhammo, nidhippatto viya jano saṅgho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica abhayado viya vīrapuriso buddho, abhayamiva dhammo, sampattābhayo viya jano accantasabbabhayo saṅgho. Assāsako viya buddho, assāso viya dhammo, assatthajano viya saṅgho. Sumitto viya buddho, hitūpadeso viya dhammo, hitūpayogena pattasadattho viya jano saṅgho. Dhanākaro viya buddho, dhanasāro viya dhammo, dhanasārūpabhogo viya jano saṅgho. Rājakumāranhāpako viya buddho, sīsanhānasalilaṃ viya dhammo, sunhātarājakumāravaggo viya saddhammasalilasunhāto saṅgho. Alaṅkārakārako viya buddho, alaṅkāro viya dhammo, alaṅkatarājaputtagaṇo <a name="V0.0013"></a> viya saddhammālaṅkato saṅgho. Candanarukkho viya buddho, tappabhavagandho viya dhammo, candanupabhogena santapariḷāho viya jano saddhammūpabhogena santapariḷāho saṅgho. Dāyajjasampadānako viya pitā buddho, dāyajjaṃ viya dhammo, dāyajjaharo puttavaggo viya saddhammadāyajjaharo saṅgho. Vikasitapadumaṃ <a name="M0.0013"></a> viya buddho, tappabhavamadhu viya dhammo, tadupabhogībhamaragaṇo viya saṅgho. Evaṃ saraṇattayametañca, upamāhi pakāsaye.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā ca yā pubbe <span class="bld">‘‘kena kattha kadā kasmā, bhāsitaṃ saraṇattaya’’</span>ntiādīhi catūhi gāthāhi atthavaṇṇanāya mātikā nikkhittā, sā atthato pakāsitā hotīti.</p>
<p class="centered">Paramatthajotikāya khuddakapāṭha-aṭṭhakathāya</p>
<p class="centered">Saraṇattayavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="chapter">2. Sikkhāpadavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="subhead">Sikkhāpadapāṭhamātikā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="V0.0014"></a> saraṇagamanehi sāsanotāraṃ dassetvā sāsanaṃ otiṇṇena upāsakena vā pabbajitena vā yesu sikkhāpadesu paṭhamaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ, tāni dassetuṃ nikkhittassa sikkhāpadapāṭhassa idāni vaṇṇanatthaṃ ayaṃ mātikā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yena <a name="P0.0023"></a> yattha yadā yasmā, vuttānetāni taṃ nayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vatvā katvā vavatthānaṃ, sādhāraṇavisesato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pakatiyā ca yaṃ vajjaṃ, vajjaṃ paṇṇattiyā ca yaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vavatthapetvā taṃ katvā, padānaṃ byañjanatthato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sādhāraṇānaṃ sabbesaṃ, sādhāraṇavibhāvanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atha pañcasu pubbesu, visesatthappakāsato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pāṇātipātapabhuti-hekatānānatādito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ārammaṇādānabhedā, mahāsāvajjato tathā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Payogaṅgasamuṭṭhānā, vedanāmūlakammato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Viramato ca phalato, viññātabbo vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yojetabbaṃ <a name="M0.0014"></a> tato yuttaṃ, pacchimesvapi pañcasu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Āveṇikañca vattabbaṃ, ñeyyā hīnāditāpi cā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha etāni pāṇātipātāveramaṇītiādīni dasa sikkhāpadāni bhagavatā eva vuttāni, na <a name="V0.0015"></a> sāvakādīhi. Tāni ca sāvatthiyaṃ vuttāni jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme āyasmantaṃ rāhulaṃ pabbājetvā kapilavatthuto sāvatthiṃ anuppattena sāmaṇerānaṃ sikkhāpadavavatthāpanatthaṃ. Vuttaṃ hetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Atha kho bhagavā kapilavatthusmiṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena sāvatthi tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena sāvatthi tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena …pe… atha kho sāmaṇerānaṃ etadahosi – ‘kati nu kho amhākaṃ sikkhāpadāni, kattha ca amhehi sikkhitabba’’’nti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sāmaṇerānaṃ dasa sikkhāpadāni, tesu ca sāmaṇerehi sikkhituṃ<a name="P0.0024"></a>, pāṇātipātāveramaṇī…pe… jātarūparajatapaṭiggahaṇā veramaṇī’’ti (mahāva. 105).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tānetāni ‘‘samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesū’’ti (dī. ni. 1.193; ma. ni. 2.24; vibha. 508) suttānusārena saraṇagamanesu ca dassitapāṭhānusārena ‘‘pāṇātipātā veramaṇisikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmī’’ti evaṃ vācanāmaggaṃ āropitānīti veditabbāni. Evaṃ tāva ‘‘yena yattha yadā yasmā, vuttānetāni taṃ nayaṃ vatvā’’ti so nayo daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="subhead">Sādhāraṇavisesavavatthānaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca ādito dve catutthapañcamāni upāsakānaṃ sāmaṇerānañca sādhāraṇāni niccasīlavasena. Uposathasīlavasena pana upāsakānaṃ sattamaṭṭhamaṃ cekaṃ aṅgaṃ katvā sabbapacchimavajjāni sabbānipi sāmaṇerehi sādhāraṇāni, pacchimaṃ pana sāmaṇerānameva visesabhūtanti evaṃ sādhāraṇavisesato vavatthānaṃ kātabbaṃ. Purimāni cettha pañca ekantaakusalacittasamuṭṭhānattā pāṇātipātādīnaṃ pakativajjato veramaṇiyā, sesāni <a name="M0.0015"></a> paṇṇattivajjatoti evaṃ pakatiyā ca yaṃ vajjaṃ, vajjaṃ paṇṇattiyā ca yaṃ, taṃ vavatthapetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Sādhāraṇavibhāvanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā cettha ‘‘veramaṇisikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmī’’ti etāni sabbasādhāraṇāni padāni, tasmā etesaṃ padānaṃ byañjanato ca atthato ca ayaṃ sādhāraṇavibhāvanā veditabbā –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="V0.0016"></a> <span class="bld">byañjanato</span> tāva veraṃ maṇatīti veramaṇī, veraṃ pajahati, vinodeti, byantīkaroti, anabhāvaṃ gametīti attho. Viramati vā etāya karaṇabhūtāya veramhā puggaloti, vikārassa vekāraṃ katvā veramaṇī. Teneva cettha ‘‘veramaṇisikkhāpadaṃ viramaṇisikkhāpada’’nti dvidhā sajjhāyaṃ karonti. Sikkhitabbāti sikkhā, pajjate anenāti padaṃ. Sikkhāya padaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ, sikkhāya adhigamūpāyoti attho. Atha vā mūlaṃ nissayo patiṭṭhāti vuttaṃ hoti. Veramaṇī eva sikkhāpadaṃ veramaṇisikkhāpadaṃ, viramaṇisikkhāpadaṃ vā dutiyena nayena. Sammā ādiyāmi samādiyāmi, avītikkamanādhippāyena akhaṇḍakāritāya acchiddakāritāya asabalakāritāya ca ādiyāmīti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Atthato</span> pana veramaṇīti kāmāvacarakusalacittasampayuttā virati, sā <a name="P0.0025"></a> pāṇātipātā viramantassa ‘‘yā tasmiṃ samaye pāṇātipātā ārati virati paṭivirati veramaṇī akiriyā akaraṇaṃ anajjhāpatti velāanatikkamo setughāto’’ti evamādinā (vibha. 704) nayena vibhaṅge vuttā. Kāmañcesā veramaṇī nāma lokuttarāpi atthi, idha pana samādiyāmīti vuttattā samādānavasena pavattārahā, tasmā sā na hotīti kāmāvacarakusalacittasampayuttā viratīti vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sikkhā</span>ti tisso sikkhā adhisīlasikkhā, adhicittasikkhā, adhipaññāsikkhāti. Imasmiṃ panatthe sampattaviratisīlaṃ lokikā vipassanā rūpārūpajhānāni ariyamaggo ca sikkhāti adhippetā. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Katame dhammā sikkhā? Yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, somanassasahagataṃ ñāṇasampayuttaṃ…pe… tasmiṃ samaye <a name="M0.0016"></a> phasso hoti…pe… avikkhepo hoti, ime dhammā sikkhā.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Katame dhammā sikkhā? Yasmiṃ samaye rūpūpapattiyā maggaṃ bhāveti vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… pañcamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati…pe… avikkhepo hoti, ime dhammā sikkhā.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Katame dhammā sikkhā? Yasmiṃ samaye arūpapattiyā…pe… nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasahagataṃ…pe… avikkhepo hoti, ime dhammā sikkhā.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Katame <a name="V0.0017"></a> dhammā sikkhā? Yasmiṃ samaye lokuttaraṃ jhānaṃ bhāveti niyyānikaṃ…pe… avikkhepo hoti, ime dhammā sikkhā’’ti (vibha. 712-713).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etāsu sikkhāsu yāya kāyaci sikkhāya padaṃ adhigamūpāyo, atha vā mūlaṃ nissayo patiṭṭhāti sikkhāpadaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘sīlaṃ nissāya sīle patiṭṭhāya satta bojjhaṅge bhāvento bahulīkaronto’’ti evamādi (saṃ. ni. 5.182). Evamettha sādhāraṇānaṃ padānaṃ sādhāraṇā byañjanato atthato ca vibhāvanā kātabbā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Purimapañcasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni yaṃ vuttaṃ – <span class="bld">‘‘atha pañcasu pubbesu, visesatthappakāsato…pe… viññātabbo vinicchayo’’</span>ti<a name="P0.0026"></a>, tatthetaṃ vuccati – <span class="bld">pāṇātipāto</span>ti ettha tāva <span class="bld">pāṇo</span>ti jīvitindriyappaṭibaddhā khandhasantati, taṃ vā upādāya paññatto satto. Tasmiṃ pana pāṇe pāṇasaññino tassa pāṇassa jīvitindriyupacchedakaupakkamasamuṭṭhāpikā kāyavacīdvārānaṃ aññataradvārappavattā vadhakacetanā pāṇātipāto. <span class="bld">Adinnādāna</span>nti ettha adinnanti parapariggahitaṃ, yattha paro yathākāmakāritaṃ āpajjanto adaṇḍāraho anupavajjo ca hoti, tasmiṃ parapariggahite parapariggahitasaññino tadādāyakaupakkamasamuṭṭhāpikā kāyavacīdvārānaṃ aññataradvārappavattā eva theyyacetanā adinnādānaṃ. <span class="bld">Abrahmacariya</span>nti aseṭṭhacariyaṃ, dvayaṃdvayasamāpattimethunappaṭisevanā kāyadvārappavattā asaddhammappaṭisevanaṭṭhānavītikkamacetanā abrahmacariyaṃ<a name="M0.0017"></a>. <span class="bld">Musāvādo</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">musā</span>ti visaṃvādanapurekkhārassa atthabhañjanako vacīpayogo kāyapayogo vā, visaṃvādanādhippāyena panassa paravisaṃvādakakāyavacīpayogasamuṭṭhāpikā kāyavacīdvārānameva aññataradvārappavattā micchācetanā musāvādo. <span class="bld">Surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhāna</span>nti ettha pana <span class="bld">surā</span>ti pañca surā – piṭṭhasurā, pūvasurā, odanasurā, kiṇṇapakkhittā, sambhārasaṃyuttā cāti. <span class="bld">Meraya</span>mpi pupphāsavo, phalāsavo, guḷāsavo, madhvāsavo, sambhārasaṃyutto cāti pañcavidhaṃ. <span class="bld">Majja</span>nti tadubhayameva madaniyaṭṭhena majjaṃ, yaṃ vā panaññampi kiñci atthi madaniyaṃ, yena pītena matto hoti pamatto, idaṃ vuccati majjaṃ. <span class="bld">Pamādaṭṭhāna</span>nti yāya cetanāya taṃ pivati ajjhoharati, sā cetanā madappamādahetuto pamādaṭṭhānanti vuccati, yato ajjhoharaṇādhippāyena kāyadvārappavattā surāmerayamajjānaṃ ajjhoharaṇacetanā ‘‘surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhāna’’nti <a name="P0.0027"></a> veditabbā. Evaṃ tāvettha pāṇātipātappabhutīhi viññātabbo vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="subhead">Ekatānānatādivinicchayaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ekatānānatādito</span>ti <a name="V0.0018"></a> ettha āha – kiṃ pana vajjhavadhakappayogacetanādīnaṃ ekatāya pāṇātipātassa aññassa vā adinnādānādino ekattaṃ, nānatāya nānattaṃ hoti, udāhu noti. Kasmā panetaṃ vuccati? Yadi tāva ekatāya ekattaṃ, atha yadā ekaṃ vajjhaṃ bahū vadhakā vadhenti, eko vā vadhako bahuke vajjhe vadheti, ekena vā sāhatthikādinā payogena bahū vajjhā vadhīyanti, ekā vā cetanā bahūnaṃ vajjhānaṃ jīvitindriyupacchedakapayogaṃ samuṭṭhāpeti, tadā ekena pāṇātipātena bhavitabbaṃ. Yadi pana nānatāya nānattaṃ. Atha yadā eko vadhako ekassatthāya ekaṃ payogaṃ karonto bahū vajjhe vadheti, bahū vā vadhakā devadattayaññadattasomadattādīnaṃ bahūnamatthāya bahū payoge karontā ekameva devadattaṃ yaññadattaṃ somadattaṃ vā vadhenti, bahūhi vā sāhatthikādīhi payogehi eko vajjho vadhīyati. Bahū vā cetanā ekasseva vajjhassa jīvitindriyupacchedakapayogaṃ samuṭṭhāpenti, tadā bahūhi pāṇātipātehi bhavitabbaṃ. Ubhayampi cetamayuttaṃ. Atha neva etesaṃ vajjhādīnaṃ ekatāya ekattaṃ, nānatāya nānattaṃ, aññatheva tu ekattaṃ nānattañca hoti, taṃ vattabbaṃ pāṇātipātassa, evaṃ sesānampīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vuccate <a name="M0.0018"></a> – tattha tāva pāṇātipātassa na vajjhavadhakādīnaṃ paccekamekatāya ekatā, nānatāya nānatā, kintu vajjhavadhakādīnaṃ yuganandhamekatāya ekatā, dvinnampi tu tesaṃ, tato aññatarassa vā nānatāya nānatā. Tathā hi bahūsu vadhakesu bahūhi sarakkhepādīhi ekena vā opātakhaṇanādinā payogena bahū vajjhe vadhentesupi bahū pāṇātipātā honti. Ekasmiṃ vadhake ekena, bahūhi vā payogehi tappayogasamuṭṭhāpikāya ca ekāya, bahūhi vā cetanāhi bahū vajjhe vadhentepi bahū pāṇātipātā honti, bahūsu ca vadhakesu yathāvuttappakārehi bahūhi, ekena vā payogena ekaṃ vajjhaṃ vadhentesupi bahū pāṇātipātā honti. Esa nayo adinnādānādīsupīti. Evamettha ekatānānatāditopi viññātabbo vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ārammaṇato</span>ti <a name="P0.0028"></a> pāṇātipāto cettha jīvitindriyārammaṇo. Adinnādānaabrahmacariyasurāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānāni rūpadhammesu rūpāyatanādiaññatarasaṅkhārārammaṇāni. Musāvādo yassa musā bhaṇati, tamārabhitvā pavattanato sattārammaṇo. Abrahmacariyampi sattārammaṇanti eke. Adinnādānañca yadā satto haritabbo hoti, tadā sattārammaṇanti. Api cettha saṅkhāravaseneva sattārammaṇaṃ, na paṇṇattivasenāti. Evamettha ārammaṇatopi viññātabbo vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ādānato</span>ti <a name="V0.0019"></a> pāṇātipātāveramaṇisikkhāpadādīni cetāni sāmaṇerena bhikkhusantike samādinnāneva samādinnāni honti, upāsakena pana attanā samādiyantenāpi samādinnāni honti, parassa santike samādiyantenāpi. Ekajjhaṃ samādinnānipi samādinnāni honti, paccekaṃ samādinnānipi. Kintu nānaṃ ekajjhaṃ samādiyato ekāyeva virati, ekāva cetanā hoti, kiccavasena panetāsaṃ pañcavidhattaṃ viññāyati. Paccekaṃ samādiyato pana pañceva viratiyo, pañca ca cetanā hontīti veditabbā. Evamettha ādānatopi viññātabbo vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhedato</span>ti sāmaṇerānañcettha ekasmiṃ bhinne sabbānipi bhinnāni honti. Pārājikaṭṭhāniyāni hi tāni tesaṃ, yaṃ taṃ vītikkantaṃ hoti, teneva kammabaddho. Gahaṭṭhānaṃ pana ekasmiṃ bhinne ekameva bhinnaṃ hoti, yato <a name="M0.0019"></a> tesaṃ taṃsamādāneneva puna pañcaṅgikattaṃ sīlassa sampajjati. Apare panāhu – ‘‘visuṃ visuṃ samādinnesu ekasmiṃ bhinne ekameva bhinnaṃ hoti, ‘pañcaṅgasamannāgataṃ sīlaṃ samādiyāmī’ti evaṃ pana ekato samādinnesu ekasmiṃ bhinne sesānipi sabbāni bhinnāni honti. Kasmā? Samādinnassa abhinnattā, yaṃ taṃ vītikkantaṃ, teneva kammabaddho’’ti. Evamettha bhedatopi viññātabbo vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mahāsāvajjato</span>ti guṇavirahitesu tiracchānagatādīsu pāṇesu khuddake pāṇe pāṇātipāto appasāvajjo, mahāsarīre mahāsāvajjo. Kasmā? Payogamahantatāya. Payogasamattepi vatthumahantatāya. Guṇavantesu pana manussādīsu appaguṇe pāṇātipāto appasāvajjo, mahāguṇe mahāsāvajjo<a name="P0.0029"></a>. Sarīraguṇānantu samabhāve sati kilesānaṃ upakkamānañca mudutāya appasāvajjatā, tibbatāya mahāsāvajjatā ca veditabbā. Esa nayo sesesupi. Api cettha surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānameva mahāsāvajjaṃ, na tathā pāṇātipātādayo. Kasmā? Manussabhūtassāpi ummattakabhāvasaṃvattanena ariyadhammantarāyakaraṇatoti. Evamettha mahāsāvajjatopi viññātabbo vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Payogato</span>ti ettha ca pāṇātipātassa sāhatthiko, āṇattiko, nissaggiyo, thāvaro, vijjāmayo, iddhimayoti chappayogā. Tattha kāyena vā kāyappaṭibaddhena vā paharaṇaṃ sāhatthiko payogo, so uddissānuddissabhedato duvidho hoti. Tattha uddissake yaṃ uddissa paharati, tasseva maraṇena kammunā bajjhati. ‘‘Yo koci maratū’’ti evaṃ anuddissake pahārapaccayā yassa kassaci maraṇena. Ubhayathāpi ca paharitamatte vā maratu, pacchā vā teneva <a name="V0.0020"></a> rogena, paharitakkhaṇe eva kammunā bajjhati. Maraṇādhippāyena ca pahāraṃ datvā tena amatassa puna aññena cittena pahāre dinne pacchāpi yadi paṭhamapahāreneva marati, tadā eva kammunā baddho hoti. Atha dutiyapahārena, natthi pāṇātipāto. Ubhayehi matepi paṭhamapahāreneva kammunā baddho, ubhayehipi amate nevatthi pāṇātipāto. Esa nayo bahukehipi <a name="M0.0020"></a> ekassa pahāre dinne. Tatrāpi hi yassa pahārena marati, tasseva kammabaddho hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Adhiṭṭhahitvā pana āṇāpanaṃ āṇattiko payogo. Tatthapi sāhatthike payoge vuttanayeneva kammabaddho anussaritabbo. Chabbidho cettha niyamo veditabbo –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vatthu kālo ca okāso, āvudhaṃ iriyāpatho;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kiriyāvisesoti ime, cha āṇattiniyāmakā’’ti. (pāci. aṭṭha. 2.174);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="P0.0030"></a> <span class="bld">vatthū</span>ti māretabbo pāṇo. <span class="bld">Kālo</span>ti pubbaṇhasāyanhādikālo ca, yobbanathāvariyādikālo ca. <span class="bld">Okāso</span>ti gāmo vā nigamo vā vanaṃ vā racchā vā siṅghāṭakaṃ vāti evamādi. <span class="bld">Āvudha</span>nti asi vā usu vā satti vāti evamādi. <span class="bld">Iriyāpatho</span>ti māretabbassa mārakassa ca ṭhānaṃ vā nisajjā vāti evamādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kiriyāviseso</span>ti vijjhanaṃ vā chedanaṃ vā bhedanaṃ vā saṅkhamuṇḍikaṃ vāti evamādi. Yadi hi vatthuṃ visaṃvādetvā ‘‘yaṃ mārehī’’ti āṇatto, tato aññaṃ māreti, āṇāpakassa natthi kammabaddho. Atha vatthuṃ avisaṃvādetvā māreti, āṇāpakassa āṇattikkhaṇe āṇattassa māraṇakkhaṇeti ubhayesampi kammabaddho. Esa nayo kālādīsupi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Māraṇatthantu kāyena vā kāyappaṭibaddhena vā paharaṇanissajjanaṃ nissaggiyo payogo. Sopi uddissānuddissabhedato duvidho eva, kammabaddho cettha pubbe vuttanayeneva veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Māraṇatthameva opātakhaṇanaṃ, apassenaupanikkhipanaṃ, bhesajjavisayantādippayojanaṃ vā thāvaro payogo. Sopi uddissānuddissabhedato duvidho, yato tatthapi pubbe vuttanayeneva kammabaddho veditabbo. Ayantu viseso – mūlaṭṭhena opātādīsu paresaṃ mūlena vā mudhā vā dinnesupi yadi tappaccayā koci marati, mūlaṭṭhasseva kammabaddho. Yadipi ca tena aññena vā <a name="V0.0021"></a> tattha opāte vināsetvā bhūmisame katepi paṃsudhovakā vā paṃsuṃ gaṇhantā, mūlakhaṇakā vā mūlāni khaṇantā āvāṭaṃ karonti<a name="M0.0021"></a>, deve vā vassante kaddamo jāyati, tattha ca koci otaritvā vā laggitvā vā marati, mūlaṭṭhasseva kammabaddho. Yadi pana yena laddhaṃ, so añño vā taṃ vitthaṭataraṃ gambhīrataraṃ vā karoti, tappaccayāva koci marati, ubhayesampi kammabaddho. Yathā tu mūlāni mūlehi saṃsandanti, tathā tatra thale kate muccati. Evaṃ apassenādīsupi yāva tesaṃ pavatti, tāva yathāsambhavaṃ kammabaddho veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Māraṇatthaṃ pana vijjāparijappanaṃ vijjāmayo payogo. Dāṭhāvudhādīnaṃ dāṭhākoṭanādimiva māraṇatthaṃ kammavipākajiddhivikārakaraṇaṃ iddhimayo payogoti. Adinnādānassa tu theyyapasayhapaṭicchannaparikappakusāvahāravasappavattā <a name="P0.0031"></a> sāhatthikāṇattikādayo payogā, tesampi vuttānusāreneva pabhedo veditabbo. Abrahmacariyādīnaṃ tiṇṇampi sāhatthiko eva payogo labbhatīti. Evamettha payogatopi viññātabbo vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aṅgato</span>ti ettha ca pāṇātipātassa pañca aṅgāni bhavanti – pāṇo ca hoti, pāṇasaññī ca, vadhakacittañca paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti, vāyamati, tena ca maratīti. Adinnādānassāpi pañceva – parapariggahitañca hoti, parapariggahitasaññī ca, theyyacittañca paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti, vāyamati, tena ca ādātabbaṃ ādānaṃ gacchatīti. Abrahmacariyassa pana cattāri aṅgāni bhavanti – ajjhācariyavatthu ca hoti, tattha ca sevanacittaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti, sevanapaccayā payogañca samāpajjati, sādiyati cāti, tathā paresaṃ dvinnampi. Tattha musāvādassa tāva musā ca hoti taṃ vatthu, visaṃvādanacittañca paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti, tajjo ca vāyāmo, paravisaṃvādanañca viññāpayamānā viññatti pavattatīti cattāri aṅgāni veditabbāni. Surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānassa pana surādīnañca aññataraṃ hoti madanīyapātukamyatācittañca paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti, tajjañca vāyāmaṃ āpajjati, pīte ca pavisatīti imāni cattāri aṅgānīti. Evamettha aṅgatopi viññātabbo vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Samuṭṭhānato</span>ti pāṇātipātaadinnādānamusāvādā cettha kāyacittato, vācācittato, kāyavācācittato cāti tisamuṭṭhānā honti. Abrahmacariyaṃ kāyacittavasena ekasamuṭṭhānameva. Surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānaṃ kāyato ca, kāyacittato cāti dvisamuṭṭhānanti. Evamettha samuṭṭhānatopi viññātabbo vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vedanāto</span>ti <a name="V0.0022"></a><a name="M0.0022"></a> ettha ca pāṇātipāto dukkhavedanāsampayuttova. Adinnādānaṃ tīsu vedanāsu aññataravedanāsampayuttaṃ, tathā musāvādo. Itarāni dve sukhāya vā adukkhamasukhāya vā vedanāya sampayuttānīti. Evamettha vedanātopi viññātabbo vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mūlato</span>ti pāṇātipāto cettha dosamohamūlo. Adinnādānamusāvādā <a name="P0.0032"></a> lobhamohamūlā vā dosamohamūlā vā. Itarāni dve lobhamohamūlānīti. Evamettha mūlatopi viññātabbo vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kammato</span>ti pāṇātipātaadinnādānaabrahmacariyāni cettha kāyakammameva kammapathappattāneva ca, musāvādo vacīkammameva. Yo pana atthabhañjako, so kammapathappatto. Itaro kammameva. Surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānaṃ kāyakammamevāti. Evamettha kammatopi viññātabbo vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Viramato</span>ti ettha āha ‘‘pāṇātipātādīhi viramanto kuto viramatī’’ti? Vuccate – samādānavasena tāva viramanto attano vā paresaṃ vā pāṇātipātādiakusalato viramati. Kimārabhitvā? Yato viramati, tadeva. Sampattavasenāpi viramanto vuttappakārākusalatova. Kimārabhitvā? Pāṇātipātādīnaṃ vuttārammaṇāneva. Keci pana bhaṇanti ‘‘surāmerayamajjasaṅkhāte saṅkhāre ārabhitvā surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā viramati, sattasaṅkhāresu yaṃ pana avaharitabbaṃ bhañjitabbañca, taṃ ārabhitvā adinnādānā musāvādā ca, satteyevārabhitvā pāṇātipātā abrahmacariyā cā’’ti. Tadaññe ‘‘evaṃ sante ‘aññaṃ cintento aññaṃ kareyya, yañca pajahati, taṃ na jāneyyā’ti evaṃdiṭṭhikā hutvā anicchamānā yadeva pajahati, taṃ attano pāṇātipātādiakusalamevārabhitvā viramatī’’ti vadanti. Tadayuttaṃ. Kasmā? Tassa paccuppannābhāvato bahiddhābhāvato ca. Sikkhāpadānañhi vibhaṅgapāṭhe ‘‘pañcannaṃ sikkhāpadānaṃ kati kusalā…pe… kati araṇā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘kusalāyeva, siyā sukhāya vedanāya sampayuttā’’ti (vibha. 716) evaṃ pavattamāne vissajjane ‘‘paccuppannārammaṇā’’ti ca ‘‘bahiddhārammaṇā’’ti ca evaṃ paccuppannabahiddhārammaṇattaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ attano pāṇātipātādiakusalaṃ ārabhitvā viramantassa na yujjati. Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ – ‘‘aññaṃ <a name="M0.0023"></a> cintento aññaṃ kareyya, yañca pajahati, taṃ na jāneyyā’’ti. Tattha vuccate – na kiccasādhanavasena pavattento aññaṃ cintento <a name="P0.0033"></a> aññaṃ karotīti vā, yañca pajahati, taṃ na jānātīti vā vuccati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ārabhitvāna <a name="V0.0023"></a> amataṃ, jahanto sabbapāpake;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nidassanañcettha bhave, maggaṭṭhoriyapuggalo’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamettha viramatopi viññātabbo vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Phalato</span>ti sabbe eva cete pāṇātipātādayo duggatiphalanibbattakā honti, sugatiyañca aniṭṭhākantāmanāpavipākanibbattakā honti, samparāye diṭṭhadhamme eva ca avesārajjādiphalanibbattakā. Apica ‘‘yo sabbalahuso pāṇātipātassa vipāko manussabhūtassa appāyukasaṃvattaniko hotī’’ti (a. ni. 8.40) evamādinā nayenettha phalatopi viññātabbo vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Api cettha pāṇātipātādiveramaṇīnampi samuṭṭhānavedanāmūlakammaphalato viññātabbo vinicchayo. Tatthāyaṃ viññāpanā – sabbā eva cetā veramaṇiyo catūhi samuṭṭhahanti kāyato, kāyacittato, vācācittato, kāyavācācittato cāti. Sabbā eva ca sukhavedanāsampayuttā vā, adukkhamasukhavedanāsampayuttā vā, alobhādosamūlā vā alobhādosāmohamūlā vā. Catassopi cettha kāyakammaṃ, musāvādāveramaṇī vacīkammaṃ, maggakkhaṇe ca cittatova samuṭṭhahanti, sabbāpi manokammaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pāṇātipātā veramaṇiyā</span> cettha aṅgapaccaṅgasampannatā ārohapariṇāhasampattitā javasampattitā suppatiṭṭhitapādatā cārutā mudutā sucitā sūratā mahabbalatā vissatthavacanatā lokapiyatā nelatā abhejjaparisatā acchambhitā duppadhaṃsitā parūpakkamena amaraṇatā anantaparivāratā surūpatā susaṇṭhānatā appābādhatā asokitā piyehi manāpehi saddhiṃ avippayogatā dīghāyukatāti evamādīni phalāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Adinnādānā veramaṇiyā</span> mahaddhanatā pahūtadhanadhaññatā anantabhogatā anuppannabhoguppattitā uppannabhogathāvaratā icchitānaṃ bhogānaṃ khippappaṭilābhitā rājacorudakaggiappiyadāyādehi asādhāraṇabhogatā <a name="M0.0024"></a><a name="P0.0034"></a> asādhāraṇadhanappaṭilābhitā lokuttamatā natthikabhāvassa ajānanatā sukhavihāritāti evamādīni.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Abrahmacariyā veramaṇiyā</span> vigatapaccatthikatā sabbajanapiyatā annapānavatthasayanādīnaṃ lābhitā <a name="V0.0024"></a> sukhasayanatā sukhappaṭibujjhanatā apāyabhayavinimuttatā itthibhāvappaṭilābhassa vā napuṃsakabhāvappaṭilābhassa vā abhabbatā akkodhanatā paccakkhakāritā apatitakkhandhatā anadhomukhatā itthipurisānaṃ aññamaññapiyatā paripuṇṇindriyatā paripuṇṇalakkhaṇatā nirāsaṅkatā appossukkatā sukhavihāritā akutobhayatā piyavippayogābhāvatāti evamādīni.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Musāvādā veramaṇiyā</span> vippasannindriyatā vissaṭṭhamadhurabhāṇitā samasitasuddhadantatā nātithūlatā nātikisatā nātirassatā nātidīghatā sukhasamphassatā uppalagandhamukhatā sussūsakaparijanatā ādeyyavacanatā kamaluppalasadisamudulohitatanujivhatā anuddhatatā acapalatāti evamādīni.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇiyā</span> atītānāgatapaccuppannesu sabbakiccakaraṇīyesu khippaṃ paṭijānanatā sadā upaṭṭhitasatitā anummattakatā ñāṇavantatā analasatā ajaḷatā anelamūgatā amattatā appamattatā asammohatā acchambhitā asārambhitā anussaṅkitā saccavāditā apisuṇāpharusāsamphapalāpavāditā rattindivamatanditatā kataññutā kataveditā amaccharitā cāgavantatā sīlavantatā ujutā akkodhanatā hirimanatā ottappitā ujudiṭṭhikatā mahāpaññatā medhāvitā paṇḍitatā atthānatthakusalatāti evamādīni phalāni. Evamettha pāṇātipātādiveramaṇīnaṃ samuṭṭhānavedanāmūlakammaphalatopi viññātabbo vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pacchimapañcasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni yaṃ vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yojetabbaṃ tato yuttaṃ, pacchimesvapi pañcasu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Āveṇikañca vattabbaṃ, ñeyyā hīnāditāpi cā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassāyaṃ <a name="M0.0025"></a> atthavaṇṇanā – etissā purimapañcasikkhāpadavaṇṇanāya <a name="P0.0035"></a> yaṃ yujjati, taṃ tato gahetvā pacchimesvapi pañcasu sikkhāpadesu yojetabbaṃ. Tatthāyaṃ yojanā – yatheva hi purimasikkhāpadesu <span class="bld">ārammaṇato</span> ca surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānaṃ rūpāyatanādiaññatarasaṅkhārārammaṇaṃ, tathā idha vikālabhojanaṃ. Etena nayena sabbesaṃ ārammaṇabhedo veditabbo. <span class="bld">Ādānato</span> ca yathā purimāni sāmaṇerena vā upāsakena vā samādiyantena samādinnāni honti, tathā etānipi. <span class="bld">Aṅgato</span>pi <a name="V0.0025"></a> yathā tattha pāṇātipātādīnaṃ aṅgabhedo vutto, evamidhāpi vikālabhojanassa cattāri aṅgāni – vikālo, yāvakālikaṃ, ajjhoharaṇaṃ, anummattakatāti. Etenānusārena sesānampi aṅgavibhāgo veditabbo. Yathā ca tattha <span class="bld">samuṭṭhānato</span> surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānaṃ kāyato ca kāyacittato cāti dvisamuṭṭhānaṃ, evamidha vikālabhojanaṃ. Etena nayena sabbesaṃ samuṭṭhānaṃ veditabbaṃ. Yathā ca tattha <span class="bld">vedanāto</span> adinnādānaṃ tīsu vedanāsu aññataravedanāsampayuttaṃ, tathā idha vikālabhojanaṃ. Etena nayena sabbesaṃ vedanāsampayogo veditabbo. Yathā ca tattha abrahmacariyaṃ lobhamohamūlaṃ, evamidha vikālabhojanaṃ. Aparāni ca dve etena nayena sabbesaṃ mūlabhedo veditabbo. Yathā ca tattha pāṇātipātādayo kāyakammaṃ, evamidhāpi vikālabhojanādīni. Jātarūparajatappaṭiggahaṇaṃ pana kāyakammaṃ vā siyā vacīkammaṃ vā kāyadvārādīhi pavattisabbhāvapariyāyena, na kammapathavasena. <span class="bld">Viramato</span>ti yathā ca tattha viramanto attano vā paresaṃ vā pāṇātipātādiakusalato viramati, evamidhāpi vikālabhojanādiakusalato, kusalatopi vā ekato. Yathā ca purimā pañca veramaṇiyo catusamuṭṭhānā kāyato, kāyacittato, vācācittato, kāyavācācittato cāti, sabbā sukhavedanāsampayuttā vā adukkhamasukhavedanāsampayuttā vā, alobhādosamūlā vā alobhādosāmohamūlā vā, sabbā ca nānappakāraiṭṭhaphalanibbattakā, tathā idhāpīti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yojetabbaṃ tato yuttaṃ, pacchimesvapi pañcasu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Āveṇikañca vattabbaṃ, ñeyyā hīnāditāpi cā’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ettha pana <a name="P0.0036"></a> <span class="bld">vikālabhojana</span>nti majjhanhikavītikkame bhojanaṃ. Etañhi anuññātakāle vītikkante bhojanaṃ, tasmā ‘‘vikālabhojana’’nti vuccati<a name="M0.0026"></a>, tato vikālabhojanā. <span class="bld">Naccagītavāditavisūkadassana</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">naccaṃ</span> nāma yaṃkiñci naccaṃ, <span class="bld">gīta</span>nti yaṃkiñci gītaṃ, <span class="bld">vādita</span>nti yaṃkiñci vāditaṃ. <span class="bld">Visūkadassana</span>nti kilesuppattipaccayato kusalapakkhabhindanena visūkānaṃ dassanaṃ, visūkabhūtaṃ vā dassanaṃ visūkadassanaṃ. Naccā ca gītā ca vāditā ca visūkadassanā ca naccagītavāditavisūkadassanā. Visūkadassanañcettha brahmajāle vuttanayeneva gahetabbaṃ. Vuttañhi tattha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ visūkadassanamanuyuttā viharanti, seyyathidaṃ, naccaṃ gītaṃ vāditaṃ pekkhaṃ akkhānaṃ pāṇissaraṃ vetālaṃ kumbhathūṇaṃ sobhanakaṃ caṇḍālaṃ vaṃsaṃ dhovanaṃ hatthiyuddhaṃ assayuddhaṃ <a name="V0.0026"></a> mahiṃsayuddhaṃ usabhayuddhaṃ ajayuddhaṃ meṇḍayuddhaṃ kukkuṭayuddhaṃ vaṭṭakayuddhaṃ daṇḍayuddhaṃ muṭṭhiyuddhaṃ nibbuddhaṃ uyyodhikaṃ balaggaṃ senābyūhaṃ anīkadassanaṃ iti vā, iti evarūpā visūkadassanā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’’ti (dī. ni. 1.12).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā yathāvuttenatthena naccagītavāditāni eva visūkāni naccagītavāditavisūkāni, tesaṃ dassanaṃ naccagītavāditavisūkadassanaṃ, tasmā naccagītavāditavisūkadassanā. ‘‘Dassanasavanā’’ti vattabbe yathā ‘‘so ca hoti micchādiṭṭhiko viparītadassano’’ti evamādīsu (a. ni. 1.308) acakkhudvārappavattampi visayaggahaṇaṃ ‘‘dassana’’nti vuccati, evaṃ savanampi ‘‘dassana’’ntveva vuttaṃ. Dassanakamyatāya upasaṅkamitvā passato eva cettha vītikkamo hoti. Ṭhitanisinnasayanokāse pana āgataṃ gacchantassa vā āpāthagataṃ passato siyā saṃkileso, na vītikkamo. Dhammūpasaṃhitampi cettha gītaṃ na vaṭṭati, gītūpasaṃhito pana dhammo <a name="P0.0037"></a> vaṭṭatīti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mālādīni dhāraṇādīhi yathāsaṅkhyaṃ yojetabbāni. Tattha <span class="bld">mālā</span>ti yaṃkiñci pupphajātaṃ. <span class="bld">Vilepana</span>nti yaṃkiñci vilepanatthaṃ pisitvā paṭiyattaṃ. Avasesaṃ sabbampi vāsacuṇṇadhūpanādikaṃ gandhajātaṃ <span class="bld">gandho</span>. Taṃ sabbampi maṇḍanavibhūsanatthaṃ na vaṭṭati, bhesajjatthantu vaṭṭati, pūjanatthañca abhihaṭaṃ sādiyato na kenaci pariyāyena na vaṭṭati. <span class="bld">Uccāsayana</span>nti pamāṇātikkantaṃ vuccati. <span class="bld">Mahāsayana</span>nti akappiyasayanaṃ akappiyattharaṇañca. Tadubhayampi sādiyato <a name="M0.0027"></a> na kenaci pariyāyena vaṭṭati. <span class="bld">Jātarūpa</span>nti suvaṇṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Rajata</span>nti kahāpaṇo, lohamāsakadārumāsakajatumāsakādi yaṃ yaṃ tattha tattha vohāraṃ gacchati, tadubhayampi jātarūparajataṃ. Tassa yena kenaci pakārena sādiyanaṃ paṭiggaho nāma, so na yena kenaci pariyāyena vaṭṭatīti evaṃ āveṇikaṃ vattabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dasapi cetāni sikkhāpadāni hīnena chandena cittavīriyavīmaṃsāhi vā samādinnāni hīnāni, majjhimehi majjhimāni, paṇītehi paṇītāni. Taṇhādiṭṭhimānehi vā upakkiliṭṭhāni hīnāni, anupakkiliṭṭhāni majjhimāni, tattha tattha paññāya anuggahitāni paṇītāni. Ñāṇavippayuttena vā kusalacittena samādinnāni hīnāni, sasaṅkhārikañāṇasampayuttena majjhimāni, asaṅkhārikena paṇītānīti evaṃ ñeyyā hīnāditāpi cāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā <a name="V0.0027"></a> ca yā pubbe <span class="bld">‘‘yena yattha yadā yasmā’’</span>tiādīhi chahi gāthāhi sikkhāpadapāṭhassa vaṇṇanatthaṃ mātikā nikkhittā, sā atthato pakāsitā hotīti.</p>
<p class="centered">Paramatthajotikāya khuddakapāṭha-aṭṭhakathāya</p>
<p class="centered">Sikkhāpadavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="chapter">3. Dvattiṃsākāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="subhead">Padasambandhavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="V0.0028"></a> yadidaṃ evaṃ dasahi sikkhāpadehi parisuddhapayogassa sīle patiṭṭhitassa kulaputtassa āsayaparisuddhatthaṃ <a name="P0.0038"></a> cittabhāvanatthañca aññatra buddhuppādā appavattapubbaṃ sabbatitthiyānaṃ avisayabhūtaṃ tesu tesu suttantesu –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ekadhammo, bhikkhave, bhāvito bahulīkato mahato saṃvegāya saṃvattati. Mahato atthāya saṃvattati. Mahato yogakkhemāya saṃvattati. Mahato satisampajaññāya saṃvattati. Ñāṇadassanappaṭilābhāya saṃvattati. Diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārāya saṃvattati. Vijjāvimuttiphalasacchikiriyāya saṃvattati. Katamo <a name="M0.0028"></a> ekadhammo? Kāyagatā sati. Amataṃ te, bhikkhave, na paribhuñjanti, ye kāyagatāsatiṃ na paribhuñjanti. Amataṃ te, bhikkhave, paribhuñjanti, ye kāyagatāsatiṃ paribhuñjanti. Amataṃ tesaṃ, bhikkhave, aparibhuttaṃ paribhuttaṃ, parihīnaṃ aparihīnaṃ, viraddhaṃ āraddhaṃ, yesaṃ kāyagatā sati āraddhā’’ti. (A. ni. 1.564-570) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ bhagavatā anekākārena pasaṃsitvā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Kathaṃ bhāvitā, bhikkhave, kāyagatāsati kathaṃ bahulīkatā mahabbalā hoti mahānisaṃsā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu araññagato vā’’ti (ma. ni. 3.154) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādinā nayena ānāpānapabbaṃ iriyāpathapabbaṃ catusampajaññapabbaṃ paṭikūlamanasikārapabbaṃ dhātumanasikārapabbaṃ nava sivathikapabbānīti imesaṃ cuddasannaṃ pabbānaṃ vasena kāyagatāsatikammaṭṭhānaṃ niddiṭṭhaṃ. Tassa bhāvanāniddeso anuppatto. Tattha yasmā iriyāpathapabbaṃ catusampajaññapabbaṃ dhātumanasikārapabbanti imāni tīṇi vipassanāvasena vuttāni. Nava sivathikapabbāni vipassanāñāṇesuyeva ādīnavānupassanāvasena vuttāni. Yāpi cettha uddhumātakādīsu samādhibhāvanā <a name="V0.0029"></a> iccheyya, sā visuddhimagge vitthārato asubhabhāvanāniddese pakāsitā eva. Ānāpānapabbaṃ pana paṭikūlamanasikārapabbañceti imānettha dve samādhivasena vuttāni. Tesu ānāpānapabbaṃ ānāpānassativasena visuṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃyeva. Yaṃ panetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ uddhaṃ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā tacapariyantaṃ pūraṃ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati ‘atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā, lomā…pe… mutta’’nti (ma. ni. 3.154).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ tattha tattha matthaluṅgaṃ aṭṭhimiñjena saṅgahetvā desitaṃ kāyagatāsatikoṭṭhāsabhāvanāpariyāyaṃ dvattiṃsākārakammaṭṭhānaṃ āraddhaṃ, tassāyaṃ atthavaṇṇanā –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">atthī</span>ti saṃvijjanti. <span class="bld">Imasmi</span>nti yvāyaṃ uddhaṃ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā tacapariyanto pūro nānappakārassa asucinoti vuccati, tasmiṃ<a name="M0.0029"></a>. <span class="bld">Kāye</span>ti sarīre. Sarīrañhi asucisañcayato, kucchitānaṃ vā kesādīnañceva cakkhurogādīnañca rogasatānaṃ āyabhūtato kāyoti vuccati. <span class="bld">Kesā…pe… mutta</span>nti ete kesādayo dvattiṃsākārā, tattha ‘‘atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā atthi lomā’’ti evaṃ sambandho veditabbo<a name="P0.0039"></a>. Tena kiṃ kathitaṃ hoti? Imasmiṃ pādatalā paṭṭhāya upari, kesamatthakā paṭṭhāya heṭṭhā, tacato paṭṭhāya paritoti ettake byāmamatte kaḷevare sabbākārenāpi vicinanto na koci kiñci muttaṃ vā maṇiṃ vā veḷuriyaṃ vā agaruṃ vā candanaṃ vā kuṅkumaṃ vā kappūraṃ vā vāsacuṇṇādiṃ vā aṇumattampi sucibhāvaṃ passati, atha kho paramaduggandhajegucchaṃ assirikadassanaṃ nānappakāraṃ kesalomādibhedaṃ asucimeva passatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ tāvettha padasambandhato vaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Asubhabhāvanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Asubhabhāvanāvasena panassa evaṃ vaṇṇanā veditabbā – evametasmiṃ pāṇātipātāveramaṇisikkhāpadādibhede sīle patiṭṭhitena payogasuddhena ādikammikena kulaputtena āsayasuddhiyā adhigamanatthaṃ dvattiṃsākārakammaṭṭhānabhāvanānuyogamanuyuñjitukāmena paṭhamaṃ tāvassa āvāsakulalābhagaṇakammaddhānañātigantharogaiddhipalibodhena kittipalibodhena vā saha dasa palibodhā <a name="V0.0030"></a> honti. Athānena āvāsakulalābhagaṇañātikittīsu saṅgappahānena, kammaddhānaganthesu abyāpārena, rogassa tikicchāyāti evaṃ te dasa palibodhā upacchinditabbā, athānena upacchinnapalibodhena anupacchinnanekkhammābhilāsena koṭippattasallekhavuttitaṃ pariggahetvā khuddānukhuddakampi vinayācāraṃ appajahantena āgamādhigamasamannāgato tato aññataraṅgasamannāgato vā kammaṭṭhānadāyako ācariyo vinayānurūpena vidhinā upagantabbo, vattasampadāya ca ārādhitacittassa tassa attano adhippāyo nivedetabbo. Tena tassa nimittajjhāsayacariyādhimuttibhedaṃ ñatvā yadi etaṃ kammaṭṭhānamanurūpaṃ, atha <a name="M0.0030"></a> yasmiṃ vihāre attanā vasati, yadi tasmiṃyeva sopi vasitukāmo hoti, tato saṅkhepato kammaṭṭhānaṃ dātabbaṃ. Atha aññatra <a name="P0.0040"></a> vasitukāmo hoti, tato pahātabbapariggahetabbādikathanavasena sapurekkhāraṃ rāgacaritānukulādikathanavasena sappabhedaṃ vitthārena kathetabbaṃ. Tena taṃ sapurekkhāraṃ sappabhedaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ uggahetvā ācariyaṃ āpucchitvā yāni tāni –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Mahāvāsaṃ navāvāsaṃ, jarāvāsañca panthaniṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Soṇḍiṃ paṇṇañca pupphañca, phalaṃ patthitameva ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nagaraṃ dārunā khettaṃ, visabhāgena paṭṭanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paccantasīmāsappāyaṃ, yattha mitto na labbhati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Aṭṭhārasetāni ṭhānāni, iti viññāya paṇḍito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ārakā parivajjeyya, maggaṃ sappaṭibhayaṃ yathā’’ti. (visuddhi. 1.52) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ aṭṭhārasa senāsanāni parivajjetabbānīti vuccanti. Tāni vajjetvā, yaṃ taṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, senāsanaṃ pañcaṅgasamannāgataṃ hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, senāsanaṃ nātidūraṃ hoti, naccāsannaṃ, gamanāgamanasampannaṃ, divā appākiṇṇaṃ, rattiṃ appasaddaṃ appanigghosaṃ appaḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassaṃ. Tasmiṃ kho pana senāsane viharantassa appakasirena uppajjanti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā. Tasmiṃ kho pana senāsane therā bhikkhū viharanti bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā, te kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamitvā paripucchati paripañhati ‘idaṃ, bhante, kathaṃ, imassa ko attho’ti? Tassa, te āyasmanto <a name="V0.0031"></a> avivaṭañceva vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca uttāniṃ karonti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinodenti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, senāsanaṃ pañcaṅgasamannāgataṃ hotī’’ti (a. ni. 10.11). –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ pañcaṅgasamannāgataṃ senāsanaṃ vuttaṃ. Tathārūpaṃ senāsanaṃ upagamma katasabbakiccena kāmesu ādīnavaṃ, nekkhamme ca ānisaṃsaṃ paccavekkhitvā buddhasubuddhatāya <a name="M0.0031"></a> dhammasudhammatāya <a name="P0.0041"></a> saṅghasuppaṭipannatāya ca anussaraṇena cittaṃ pasādetvā yaṃ taṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vacasā manasā ceva, vaṇṇasaṇṭhānato disā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Okāsato paricchedā, sattadhuggahaṇaṃ vidū’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ sattavidhaṃ uggahakosallaṃ; anupubbato, nātisīghato, nātisaṇikato, vikkhepappaṭibāhanato, paṇṇattisamatikkamato, anupubbamuñcanato, appanāto, tayo ca suttantāti evaṃ dasavidhaṃ manasikārakosallañca vuttaṃ. Taṃ apariccajantena dvattiṃsākārabhāvanā ārabhitabbā. Evañhi ārabhato sabbākārena dvattiṃsākārabhāvanā sampajjati no aññathā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha āditova tacapañcakaṃ tāva gahetvā api tepiṭakena ‘‘kesā lomā’’tiādinā nayena anulomato, tasmiṃ paguṇībhūte ‘‘taco dantā’’ti evamādinā nayena paṭilomato, tasmimpi paguṇībhūte tadubhayanayeneva anulomappaṭilomato bahi visaṭavitakkavicchedanatthaṃ pāḷipaguṇībhāvatthañca vacasā koṭṭhāsasabhāvapariggahatthaṃ manasā ca addhamāsaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ. Vacasā hissa bhāvanā bahi visaṭavitakke vicchinditvā manasā bhāvanāya pāḷipaguṇatāya ca paccayo hoti, manasā bhāvanā asubhavaṇṇalakkhaṇānaṃ aññataravasena pariggahassa, atha teneva nayena vakkapañcakaṃ addhamāsaṃ, tato tadubhayamaddhamāsaṃ, tato papphāsapañcakamaddhamāsaṃ, tato taṃ pañcakattayampi addhamāsaṃ, atha ante avuttampi matthaluṅgaṃ pathavīdhātuākārehi saddhiṃ ekato bhāvanatthaṃ idha pakkhipitvā matthaluṅgapañcakaṃ addhamāsaṃ, tato pañcakacatukkampi addhamāsaṃ, atha medachakkamaddhamāsaṃ, tato medachakkena saha pañcakacatukkampi addhamāsaṃ, atha muttachakkamaddhamāsaṃ, tato sabbameva dvattiṃsākāramaddhamāsanti evaṃ cha māse vaṇṇasaṇṭhānadisokāsaparicchedato vavatthapentena bhāvetabbaṃ. Etaṃ majjhimapaññaṃ puggalaṃ sandhāya <a name="P0.0042"></a> vuttaṃ. Mandapaññena tu yāvajīvaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ tikkhapaññassa na cireneva bhāvanā sampajjatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāha <a name="V0.0032"></a><a name="M0.0032"></a> – ‘‘kathaṃ panāyamimaṃ dvattiṃsākāraṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapetī’’ti? Ayañhi ‘‘atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā’’ti evamādinā nayena tacapañcakādivibhāgato dvattiṃsākāraṃ bhāvento <span class="bld">kesā</span> tāva vaṇṇato kāḷakāti vavatthapeti, yādisakā vānena diṭṭhā honti. Saṇṭhānato dīghavaṭṭalikā tulādaṇḍamivāti vavatthapeti. Disato pana yasmā imasmiṃ kāye nābhito uddhaṃ uparimā disā adho heṭṭhimāti vuccati, tasmā imassa kāyassa uparimāya disāya jātāti vavatthapeti. Okāsato nalāṭantakaṇṇacūḷikagalavāṭakaparicchinne sīsacamme jātāti. Tattha yathā vammikamatthake jātāni kuṇṭhatiṇāni na jānanti ‘‘mayaṃ vammikamatthake jātānī’’ti; napi vammikamatthako jānāti ‘‘mayi kuṇṭhatiṇāni jātānī’’ti; evameva na kesā jānanti ‘‘mayaṃ sīsacamme jātā’’ti, napi sīsacammaṃ jānāti ‘‘mayi kesā jātā’’ti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā acetanā abyākatā suññā paramaduggandhajegucchappaṭikūlā, na satto na puggaloti vavatthapeti. Paricchedatoti duvidho paricchedo sabhāgavisabhāgavasena. Tattha kesā heṭṭhā patiṭṭhitacammatalena tattha vīhaggamattaṃ pavisitvā patiṭṭhitena attano mūlatalena ca upari ākāsena tiriyaṃ aññamaññena paricchinnāti evaṃ sabhāgaparicchedato, kesā na avasesaekatiṃsākārā. Avasesā ekatiṃsā na kesāti evaṃ visabhāgaparicchedato ca vavatthapeti. Evaṃ tāva kese vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Avasesesu <span class="bld">lomā</span> vaṇṇato yebhuyyena nīlavaṇṇāti vavatthapeti, yādisakā vānena diṭṭhā honti. Saṇṭhānato oṇatacāpasaṇṭhānā, upari vaṅkatālahīrasaṇṭhānā vā, disato dvīsu disāsu jātā, okāsato hatthatalapādatale ṭhapetvā yebhuyyena avasesasarīracamme <a name="P0.0043"></a> jātāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā purāṇagāmaṭṭhāne jātāni dabbatiṇāni na jānanti ‘‘mayaṃ purāṇagāmaṭṭhāne jātānī’’ti, na ca purāṇagāmaṭṭhānaṃ jānāti ‘‘mayi dabbatiṇāni jātānī’’ti, evameva na lomā jānanti ‘‘mayaṃ sarīracamme jātā’’ti, napi sarīracammaṃ jānāti ‘‘mayi lomā jātā’’ti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā acetanā abyākatā suññā <a name="M0.0033"></a> paramaduggandhajegucchapaṭikūlā, na satto na puggaloti vavatthapeti. Paricchedato heṭṭhā patiṭṭhitacammatalena tattha likkhāmattaṃ pavisitvā patiṭṭhitena attano mūlena ca upari ākāsena tiriyaṃ aññamaññena paricchinnāti vavatthapeti. Ayametesaṃ sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ lome vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ <span class="bld">nakhā</span> yassa paripuṇṇā, tassa vīsati. Te sabbepi vaṇṇato maṃsavinimuttokāse <a name="V0.0033"></a> setā, maṃsasambandhe tambavaṇṇāti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato yathāsakapatiṭṭhitokāsasaṇṭhānā, yebhuyyena madhukaphalaṭṭhikasaṇṭhānā, macchasakalikasaṇṭhānā vāti vavatthapeti. Disato dvīsu disāsu jātā, okāsato aṅgulīnaṃ aggesu patiṭṭhitāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā nāma gāmadārakehi daṇḍakaggesu madhukaphalaṭṭhikā ṭhapitā na jānanti ‘‘mayaṃ daṇḍakaggesu ṭhapitā’’ti, napi daṇḍakā jānanti ‘‘amhesu madhukaphalaṭṭhikā ṭhapitā’’ti; evameva nakhā na jānanti ‘‘mayaṃ aṅgulīnaṃ aggesu patiṭṭhitā’’ti, napi aṅguliyo jānanti ‘‘amhākaṃ aggesu nakhā patiṭṭhitā’’ti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā acetanā…pe… na puggaloti vavatthapeti. Paricchedato heṭṭhā mūle ca aṅgulimaṃsena, tattha patiṭṭhitatalena vā upari agge ca ākāsena, ubhatopassesu aṅgulīnaṃ ubhatokoṭicammena paricchinnāti vavatthapeti. Ayametesaṃ sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ nakhe vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ <span class="bld">dantā</span> yassa paripuṇṇā, tassa dvattiṃsa. Te sabbepi vaṇṇato setavaṇṇāti vavatthapeti. Yassa samasaṇṭhitā honti, tassa kharapattacchinnasaṅkhapaṭalamiva samaganthitasetakusumamakuḷamālā <a name="P0.0044"></a> viya ca khāyanti. Yassa visamasaṇṭhitā, tassa jiṇṇaāsanasālāpīṭhakapaṭipāṭi viya nānāsaṇṭhānāti saṇṭhānato vavatthapeti. Tesañhi ubhayadantapantipariyosānesu heṭṭhato uparito ca dve dve katvā aṭṭha dantā catukoṭikā catumūlikā āsandikasaṇṭhānā, tesaṃ orato teneva <a name="M0.0034"></a> kamena sanniviṭṭhā aṭṭha dantā tikoṭikā timūlikā siṅghāṭakasaṇṭhānā. Tesampi orato teneva kamena heṭṭhato uparito ca ekamekaṃ katvā cattāro dantā dvikoṭikā dvimūlikā yānakūpatthambhinīsaṇṭhānā. Tesampi orato teneva kamena sanniviṭṭhā cattāro dāṭhādantā ekakoṭikā ekamūlikā mallikāmakuḷasaṇṭhānā. Tato ubhayadantapantivemajjhe heṭṭhā cattāro upari cattāro katvā aṭṭha dantā ekakoṭikā ekamūlikā tumbabījasaṇṭhānā. Disato uparimāya disāya jātā. Okāsato uparimā uparimahanukaṭṭhike adhokoṭikā, heṭṭhimā heṭṭhimahanukaṭṭhike uddhaṃkoṭikā hutvā patiṭṭhitāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā navakammikapurisena heṭṭhā silātale patiṭṭhāpitā uparimatale pavesitā thambhā na jānanti ‘‘mayaṃ heṭṭhāsilātale patiṭṭhāpitā, uparimatale pavesitā’’ti, na heṭṭhāsilātalaṃ jānāti ‘‘mayi thambhā patiṭṭhāpitā’’ti, na uparimatalaṃ jānāti ‘‘mayi thambhā paviṭṭhā’’ti; evameva dantā na jānanti ‘‘mayaṃ heṭṭhāhanukaṭṭhike patiṭṭhitā, uparimahanukaṭṭhike paviṭṭhā’’ti, nāpi <a name="V0.0034"></a> heṭṭhāhanukaṭṭhikaṃ jānāti ‘‘mayi dantā patiṭṭhitā’’ti, na uparimahanukaṭṭhikaṃ jānāti ‘‘mayi dantā paviṭṭhā’’ti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato heṭṭhā hanukaṭṭhikūpena hanukaṭṭhikaṃ pavisitvā patiṭṭhitena attano mūlatalena ca upari ākāsena tiriyaṃ aññamaññena paricchinnāti vavatthapeti. Ayametesaṃ sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ dante vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti<a name="P0.0045"></a>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ antosarīre nānākuṇapasañcayappaṭicchādakaṃ <span class="bld">taco</span> vaṇṇato setoti vavatthapeti. So hi yadipi chavirāgarañjitattā kāḷakodātādivaṇṇavasena nānāvaṇṇo viya dissati, tathāpi sabhāgavaṇṇena seto eva. So panassa setabhāvo aggijālābhighātapaharaṇapahārādīhi viddhaṃsitāya chaviyā pākaṭo hoti. Saṇṭhānato saṅkhepena kañcukasaṇṭhāno, vitthārena nānāsaṇṭhānoti. Tathā hi pādaṅgulittaco kosakārakakosasaṇṭhāno, piṭṭhipādattaco puṭabaddhūpāhanasaṇṭhāno, jaṅghattaco bhattapuṭakatālapaṇṇasaṇṭhāno<a name="M0.0035"></a>, ūruttaco taṇḍulabharitadīghatthavikasaṇṭhāno, ānisadattaco udakapūritapaṭaparissāvanasaṇṭhāno, piṭṭhittaco phalakonaddhacammasaṇṭhāno, kucchittaco vīṇādoṇikonaddhacammasaṇṭhāno, urattaco yebhuyyena caturassasaṇṭhāno, dvibāhuttaco tūṇīronaddhacammasaṇṭhāno, piṭṭhihatthattaco khurakosasaṇṭhāno phaṇakatthavikasaṇṭhāno vā, hatthaṅgulittaco kuñcikākosasaṇṭhāno, gīvattaco galakañcukasaṇṭhāno, mukhattaco chiddāvachiddakimikulāvakasaṇṭhāno, sīsattaco pattatthavikasaṇṭhānoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tacapariggaṇhakena ca yogāvacarena uttaroṭṭhato paṭṭhāya tacassa maṃsassa ca antarena cittaṃ pesentena paṭhamaṃ tāva mukhattaco vavatthapetabbo, tato sīsattaco, atha bahigīvattaco, tato anulomena paṭilomena ca dakkhiṇahatthattaco. Atha teneva kamena vāmahatthattaco, tato piṭṭhittaco, atha ānisadattaco, tato anulomena paṭilomena ca dakkhiṇapādattaco, atha vāmapādattaco, tato vatthiudarahadayaabbhantaragīvattaco, tato heṭṭhimahanukattaco, atha adharoṭṭhattaco. Evaṃ yāva puna upari oṭṭhattacoti<a name="P0.0046"></a>. Disato dvīsu disāsu jāto. Okāsato sakalasarīraṃ pariyonandhitvā ṭhitoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā allacammapariyonaddhāya peḷāya na allacammaṃ jānāti ‘‘mayā peḷā pariyonaddhā’’ti, napi peḷā jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ allacammena pariyonaddhā’’ti; evameva na taco jānāti ‘‘mayā idaṃ cātumahābhūtikaṃ sarīraṃ onaddha’’nti, napi idaṃ cātumahābhūtikaṃ sarīraṃ jānāti <a name="V0.0035"></a> ‘‘ahaṃ tacena onaddha’’nti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Kevalaṃ tu –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Allacammapaṭicchanno, navadvāro mahāvaṇo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samantato paggharati, asucipūtigandhiyo’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paricchedato heṭṭhā maṃsena tattha patiṭṭhitatalena vā upari chaviyā paricchinnoti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ tacaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato <a name="M0.0036"></a> paraṃ sarīre navapesisatappabhedaṃ <span class="bld">maṃsaṃ</span> vaṇṇato rattaṃ pālibhaddakapupphasannibhanti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato nānāsaṇṭhānanti. Tathā hi tattha jaṅghamaṃsaṃ tālapattapuṭabhattasaṇṭhānaṃ, avikasitaketakīmakuḷasaṇṭhānantipi keci. Ūrumaṃsaṃ sudhāpisananisadapotakasaṇṭhānaṃ, ānisadamaṃsaṃ uddhanakoṭisaṇṭhānaṃ, piṭṭhimaṃsaṃ tālaguḷapaṭalasaṇṭhānaṃ, phāsukadvayamaṃsaṃ vaṃsamayakoṭṭhakucchipadesamhi tanumattikālepasaṇṭhānaṃ, thanamaṃsaṃ vaṭṭetvā avakkhittaddhamattikāpiṇḍasaṇṭhānaṃ, dvebāhumaṃsaṃ naṅguṭṭhasīsapāde chetvā niccammaṃ katvā ṭhapitamahāmūsikasaṇṭhānaṃ, maṃsasūnakasaṇṭhānantipi eke. Gaṇḍamaṃsaṃ gaṇḍappadese ṭhapitakarañjabījasaṇṭhānaṃ, maṇḍūkasaṇṭhānantipi eke. Jivhāmaṃsaṃ nuhīpattasaṇṭhānaṃ, nāsāmaṃsaṃ omukhanikkhittapaṇṇakosasaṇṭhānaṃ, 0.akkhikūpamaṃsaṃ addhapakkaudumbarasaṇṭhānaṃ, sīsamaṃsaṃ pattapacanakaṭāhatanulepasaṇṭhānanti<a name="P0.0047"></a>. Maṃsapariggaṇhakena ca yogāvacarena etāneva oḷārikamaṃsāni saṇṭhānato vavatthapetabbāni. Evañhi vavatthāpayato sukhumāni maṃsāni ñāṇassa āpāthaṃ āgacchantīti. Disato dvīsu disāsu jātaṃ. Okāsato sādhikāni tīṇi aṭṭhisatāni anulimpitvā ṭhitanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā thūlamattikānulittāya bhittiyā na thūlamattikā jānāti ‘‘mayā bhitti anulittā’’ti, napi bhitti jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ thūlamattikāya anulittā’’ti, evamevaṃ na navapesisatappabhedaṃ maṃsaṃ jānāti ‘‘mayā aṭṭhisatattayaṃ anulitta’’nti, napi aṭṭhisatattayaṃ jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ navapesisatappabhedena maṃsena anulitta’’nti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Kevalaṃ tu –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Navapesisatā <a name="V0.0036"></a> maṃsā, anulittā kaḷevaraṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nānākimikulākiṇṇaṃ, mīḷhaṭṭhānaṃva pūtika’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paricchedato heṭṭhā aṭṭhisaṅghāṭena tattha patiṭṭhitatalena vā upari tacena tiriyaṃ aññamaññena paricchinnanti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ maṃsaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ sarīre navasatappabhedā <span class="bld">nhārū</span> vaṇṇato setāti vavatthapeti, madhuvaṇṇātipi eke. Saṇṭhānato nānāsaṇṭhānāti. Tathā <a name="M0.0037"></a> hi tattha mahantā mahantā nhārū kandalamakuḷasaṇṭhānā, tato sukhumatarā sūkaravāgurarajjusaṇṭhānā, tato aṇukatarā pūtilatāsaṇṭhānā, tato aṇukatarā sīhaḷamahāvīṇātantisaṇṭhānā, tato aṇukatarā thūlasuttakasaṇṭhānā, hatthapiṭṭhipādapiṭṭhīsu nhārū sakuṇapādasaṇṭhānā, sīse nhārū gāmadārakānaṃ sīse <a name="P0.0048"></a> ṭhapitaviraḷataradukūlasaṇṭhānā, piṭṭhiyā nhārū temetvā ātape pasāritamacchajālasaṇṭhānā, avasesā imasmiṃ sarīre taṃtaṃaṅgapaccaṅgānugatā nhārū sarīre paṭimukkajālakañcukasaṇṭhānāti. Disato dvīsu disāsu jātā. Tesu ca dakkhiṇakaṇṇacūḷikato paṭṭhāya pañca kaṇḍaranāmakā mahānhārū purato ca pacchato ca vinandhamānā vāmapassaṃ gatā, vāmakaṇṇacūḷikato paṭṭhāya pañca purato ca pacchato ca vinandhamānā dakkhiṇapassaṃ gatā, dakkhiṇagalavāṭakato paṭṭhāya pañca purato ca pacchato ca vinandhamānā vāmapassaṃ gatā, vāmagalavāṭakato paṭṭhāya pañca purato ca pacchato ca vinandhamānā dakkhiṇapassaṃ gatā, dakkhiṇahatthaṃ vinandhamānā purato ca pacchato ca pañca pañcāti dasa kaṇḍaranāmakā eva mahānhārū āruḷhā. Tathā vāmahatthaṃ, dakkhiṇapādaṃ, vāmapādañcāti evamete saṭṭhi mahānhārū sarīradhārakā sarīraniyāmakātipi vavatthapeti. Okāsato sakalasarīre aṭṭhicammānaṃ aṭṭhimaṃsānañca antare aṭṭhīni ābandhamānā ṭhitāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā vallisantānabaddhesu kuṭṭadārūsu na vallisantānā jānanti ‘‘amhehi kuṭṭadārūni ābaddhānī’’ti, napi kuṭṭadārūni jānanti ‘‘mayaṃ vallisantānehi ābaddhānī’’ti; evameva na nhārū jānanti ‘‘amhehi tīṇi aṭṭhisatāni ābaddhānī’’ti, napi tīṇi aṭṭhisatāni jānanti ‘‘mayaṃ nhārūhi ābaddhānī’’ti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Kevalaṃ tu –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Navanhārusatā <a name="V0.0037"></a> honti, byāmamatte kaḷevare;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bandhanti aṭṭhisaṅghāṭaṃ, agāramiva valliyo’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paricchedato heṭṭhā tīhi aṭṭhisatehi tattha patiṭṭhitatalehi vā upari tacamaṃsehi tiriyaṃ aññamaññena paricchinnāti vavatthapeti. Ayametesaṃ sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ nhārū vaṇṇādito <a name="P0.0049"></a> vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato <a name="M0.0038"></a> paraṃ sarīre dvattiṃsadantaṭṭhikānaṃ visuṃ gahitattā sesāni catusaṭṭhi hatthaṭṭhikāni catusaṭṭhi pādaṭṭhikāni catusaṭṭhi mudukaṭṭhikāni maṃsanissitāni dve paṇhikaṭṭhīni ekekasmiṃ pāde dve dve gopphakaṭṭhikāni dve jaṅghaṭṭhikāni ekaṃ jaṇṇukaṭṭhi ekaṃ ūruṭṭhi dve kaṭiṭṭhīni aṭṭhārasa piṭṭhikaṇṭakaṭṭhīni catuvīsati phāsukaṭṭhīni cuddasa uraṭṭhīni ekaṃ hadayaṭṭhi dve akkhakaṭṭhīni dve piṭṭhibāhaṭṭhīni dve bāhaṭṭhīni dve dve aggabāhaṭṭhīni satta gīvaṭṭhīni dve hanukaṭṭhīni ekaṃ nāsikaṭṭhi dve akkhiṭṭhīni dve kaṇṇaṭṭhīni ekaṃ nalāṭaṭṭhi ekaṃ muddhaṭṭhi nava sīsakapālaṭṭhīnīti evamādinā nayena vuttappabhedāni <span class="bld">aṭṭhīni</span> sabbāneva vaṇṇato setānīti vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Saṇṭhānato nānāsaṇṭhānāni. Tathā hi tattha aggapādaṅguliyaṭṭhīni katakabījasaṇṭhānāni, tadanantarāni aṅgulīnaṃ majjhapabbaṭṭhīni aparipuṇṇapanasaṭṭhisaṇṭhānāni, mūlapabbaṭṭhīni paṇavasaṇṭhānāni, morasakalisaṇṭhānānītipi eke. Piṭṭhipādaṭṭhīni koṭṭitakandalakandarāsisaṇṭhānāni paṇhikaṭṭhīni ekaṭṭhitālaphalabījasaṇṭhānāni, gopphakaṭṭhīni ekatobaddhakīḷāgoḷakasaṇṭhānāni, jaṅghaṭṭhikesu khuddakaṃ dhanudaṇḍasaṇṭhānaṃ, mahantaṃ khuppipāsāmilātadhamanipiṭṭhisaṇṭhānaṃ, jaṅghaṭṭhikassa gopphakaṭṭhikesu patiṭṭhitaṭṭhānaṃ apanītatacakhajjūrīkaḷīrasaṇṭhānaṃ, jaṅghaṭṭhikassa jaṇṇukaṭṭhike patiṭṭhitaṭṭhānaṃ mudiṅgamatthakasaṇṭhānaṃ jaṇṇukaṭṭhi ekapassato ghaṭṭitapheṇasaṇṭhānaṃ, ūruṭṭhīni duttacchitavāsipharasudaṇḍasaṇṭhānāni, ūruṭṭhikassa kaṭaṭṭhike patiṭṭhitaṭṭhānaṃ suvaṇṇakārānaṃ aggijālanakasalākābundisaṇṭhānaṃ<a name="P0.0050"></a>, tappatiṭṭhitokāso aggacchinnapunnāgaphalasaṇṭhāno, kaṭiṭṭhīni dvepi ekābaddhāni hutvā kumbhakārehi katacullisaṇṭhānāni, tāpasabhisikāsaṇṭhānānītipi eke. Ānisadaṭṭhīni heṭṭhāmukhaṭhapitasappaphaṇasaṇṭhānāni, sattaṭṭhaṭṭhānesu chiddāvachiddāni aṭṭhārasa piṭṭhikaṇṭakaṭṭhīni abbhantarato uparūpari ṭhapitasīsakapaṭṭaveṭhakasaṇṭhānāni, bāhirato vaṭṭanāvalisaṇṭhānāni, tesaṃ antarantarā kakacadantasadisāni dve tīṇi kaṇṭakāni honti, catuvīsatiyā <a name="M0.0039"></a> phāsukaṭṭhīsu paripuṇṇāni paripuṇṇasīhaḷadāttasaṇṭhānāni<a name="V0.0038"></a>, aparipuṇṇāni aparipuṇṇasīhaḷadāttasaṇṭhānāni, sabbāneva odātakukkuṭassa pasāritapakkhadvayasaṇṭhānānītipi eke. Cuddasa uraṭṭhīni jiṇṇasandamānikaphalakapantisaṇṭhānāni, hadayaṭṭhi dabbiphaṇasaṇṭhānaṃ, akkhakaṭṭhīni khuddakalohavāsidaṇḍasaṇṭhānāni, tesaṃ heṭṭhā aṭṭhi addhacandasaṇṭhānaṃ, piṭṭhibāhaṭṭhīni pharasuphaṇasaṇṭhānāni, upaḍḍhacchinnasīhaḷakudālasaṇṭhānānītipi eke. Bāhaṭṭhīni ādāsadaṇḍasaṇṭhānāni, mahāvāsidaṇḍasaṇṭhānānītipi eke. Aggabāhaṭṭhīni yamakatālakandasaṇṭhānāni, maṇibandhaṭṭhīni ekato alliyāpetvā ṭhapitasīsakapaṭṭaveṭhakasaṇṭhānāni, piṭṭhihatthaṭṭhīni koṭṭitakandalakandarāsisaṇṭhānāni, hatthaṅgulimūlapabbaṭṭhīni paṇavasaṇṭhānāni, majjhapabbaṭṭhīni aparipuṇṇapanasaṭṭhisaṇṭhānāni, aggapabbaṭṭhīni katakabījasaṇṭhānāni, satta gīvaṭṭhīni daṇḍe vijjhitvā paṭipāṭiyā ṭhapitavaṃsakaḷīrakhaṇḍasaṇṭhānāni, heṭṭhimahanukaṭṭhi kammārānaṃ ayokūṭayottakasaṇṭhānaṃ, uparimahanukaṭṭhi avalekhanasatthakasaṇṭhānaṃ, akkhināsakūpaṭṭhīni apanītamiñjataruṇatālaṭṭhisaṇṭhānāni<a name="P0.0051"></a>, nalāṭaṭṭhi adhomukhaṭhapitabhinnasaṅkhakapālasaṇṭhānaṃ, kaṇṇacūḷikaṭṭhīni nhāpitakhurakosasaṇṭhānāni, nalāṭakaṇṇacūḷikānaṃ upari paṭṭabandhanokāse aṭṭhibahalaghaṭapuṇṇapaṭapilotikakhaṇḍasaṇṭhānaṃ, muddhanaṭṭhi mukhacchinnavaṅkanāḷikerasaṇṭhānaṃ, sīsaṭṭhīni sibbetvā ṭhapitajajjarālābukaṭāhasaṇṭhānānīti. Disato dvīsu disāsu jātāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Okāsato avisesena sakalasarīre ṭhitāni, visesena tu sīsaṭṭhīni gīvaṭṭhikesu patiṭṭhitāni, gīvaṭṭhīni piṭṭhikaṇṭakaṭṭhīsu patiṭṭhitāni, piṭṭhikaṇṭakaṭṭhīni kaṭiṭṭhīsu patiṭṭhitāni, kaṭiṭṭhīni ūruṭṭhikesu patiṭṭhitāni, uruṭṭhīni jaṇṇukaṭṭhikesu, jaṇṇukaṭṭhīni jaṅghaṭṭhikesu, jaṅghaṭṭhīni gopphakaṭṭhikesu, gopphakaṭṭhīni piṭṭhipādaṭṭhikesu patiṭṭhitāni, piṭṭhipādaṭṭhikāni ca gopphakaṭṭhīni ukkhipitvā ṭhitāni, gopphakaṭṭhīni jaṅghaṭṭhīni…pe… gīvaṭṭhīni sīsaṭṭhīni ukkhipitvā ṭhitānīti etenānusārena avasesānipi aṭṭhīni veditabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā iṭṭhakagopānasicayādīsu na uparimā iṭṭhakādayo jānanti ‘‘mayaṃ heṭṭhimesu patiṭṭhitā’’ti, napi heṭṭhimā jānanti ‘‘mayaṃ uparimāni ukkhipitvā ṭhitā’’ti; evameva na sīsaṭṭhikāni jānanti ‘‘mayaṃ gīvaṭṭhikesu <a name="M0.0040"></a> patiṭṭhitānī’’ti…pe… na gopphakaṭṭhikāni jānanti ‘‘mayaṃ piṭṭhipādaṭṭhikesu patiṭṭhitānī’’ti, napi piṭṭhipādaṭṭhikāni jānanti ‘‘mayaṃ gopphakaṭṭhīni ukkhipitvā ṭhitānī’’ti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Kevalaṃ tu imāni sādhikāni tīṇi aṭṭhisatāni navahi nhārusatehi navahi ca <a name="V0.0039"></a> maṃsapesisatehi ābaddhānulittāni, ekaghanacammapariyonaddhāni, sattarasaharaṇīsahassānugatasinehasinehitāni, navanavutilomakūpasahassaparissavamānasedajallikāni asītikimikulāni, kāyotveva saṅkhyaṃ gatāni, yaṃ sabhāvato upaparikkhanto yogāvacaro na kiñci gayhūpagaṃ passati, kevalaṃ tu nhārusambandhaṃ nānākuṇapasaṅkiṇṇaṃ <a name="P0.0052"></a> aṭṭhisaṅghāṭameva passati. Yaṃ disvā dasabalassa puttabhāvaṃ upeti. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Paṭipāṭiyaṭṭhīni ṭhitāni koṭiyā,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Anekasandhiyamito na kehici;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Baddho nahārūhi jarāya codito,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Acetano kaṭṭhakaliṅgarūpamo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kuṇapaṃ kuṇape jātaṃ, asucimhi ca pūtini;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Duggandhe cāpi duggandhaṃ, bhedanamhi ca vayadhammaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Aṭṭhipuṭe aṭṭhipuṭo, nibbatto pūtini pūtikāyamhi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tamhi ca vinetha chandaṃ, hessatha puttā dasabalassā’’ti ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paricchedato anto aṭṭhimiñjena uparito maṃsena agge mūle ca aññamaññena paricchinnānīti vavatthapeti. Ayametesaṃ sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ aṭṭhīni vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ sarīre yathāvuttappabhedānaṃ aṭṭhīnaṃ abbhantaragataṃ <span class="bld">aṭṭhimiñjaṃ</span> vaṇṇato setanti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato attano okāsasaṇṭhānanti. Seyyathidaṃ – mahantamahantānaṃ aṭṭhīnaṃ abbhantaragataṃ sedetvā vaṭṭetvā mahantesu vaṃsanaḷakapabbesu pakkhittamahāvettaṅkurasaṇṭhānaṃ, khuddānukhuddakānaṃ <a name="M0.0041"></a> abbhantaragataṃ sedetvā vaṭṭetvā khuddānukhuddakesu vaṃsanaḷakapabbesu pakkhittatanuvettaṅkurasaṇṭhānanti. Disato dvīsu disāsu jātaṃ. Okāsato aṭṭhīnaṃ abbhantare patiṭṭhitanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā veḷunaḷakādīnaṃ antogatāni dadhiphāṇitāni na jānanti ‘‘mayaṃ veḷunaḷakādīnaṃ antogatānī’’ti, napi veḷunaḷakādayo jānanti ‘‘dadhiphāṇitāni amhākaṃ antogatānī’’ti; evameva na aṭṭhimiñjaṃ jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ aṭṭhīnaṃ antogata’’nti, napi aṭṭhīni <a name="V0.0040"></a> jānanti ‘‘aṭṭhimiñjaṃ amhākaṃ antogata’’nti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato aṭṭhīnaṃ abbhantaratalehi <a name="P0.0053"></a> aṭṭhimiñjabhāgena ca paricchinnanti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ aṭṭhimiñjaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ sarīrassa abbhantare dvigoḷakappabhedaṃ <span class="bld">vakkaṃ</span> vaṇṇato mandarattaṃ pāḷibhaddakaṭṭhivaṇṇanti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato gāmadārakānaṃ suttāvutakīḷāgoḷakasaṇṭhānaṃ, ekavaṇṭasahakāradvayasaṇṭhānantipi eke. Disato uparimāya disāya jātaṃ. Okāsato galavāṭakā vinikkhantena ekamūlena thokaṃ gantvā dvidhā bhinnena thūlanhārunā vinibaddhaṃ hutvā hadayamaṃsaṃ parikkhipitvā ṭhitanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā vaṇṭūpanibaddhaṃ sahakāradvayaṃ na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ vaṇṭena upanibaddha’’nti, napi vaṇṭaṃ jānāti ‘‘mayā sahakāradvayaṃ upanibaddha’’nti; evameva na vakkaṃ jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ thūlanhārunā upanibaddha’’nti, napi thūlanhāru jānāti ‘‘mayā vakkaṃ upanibaddha’’nti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato vakkaṃ vakkabhāgena paricchinnanti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ vakkaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ sarīrassa abbhantare <span class="bld">hadayaṃ</span> vaṇṇato rattaṃ rattapadumapattapiṭṭhivaṇṇanti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato bāhirapattāni apanetvā adhomukhaṭhapitapadumamakuḷasaṇṭhānaṃ, tañca aggacchinnapunnāgaphalamiva vivaṭekapassaṃ bahi maṭṭhaṃ anto kosātakīphalassa abbhantarasadisaṃ. Paññābahulānaṃ thokaṃ <a name="M0.0042"></a> vikasitaṃ, mandapaññānaṃ makuḷitameva. Yaṃ rūpaṃ nissāya manodhātu ca manoviññāṇadhātu ca pavattanti, taṃ apanetvā avasesamaṃsapiṇḍasaṅkhātahadayabbhantare addhapasatamattaṃ <a name="P0.0054"></a> lohitaṃ saṇṭhāti, taṃ rāgacaritassa rattaṃ, dosacaritassa kāḷakaṃ, mohacaritassa maṃsadhovanodakasadisaṃ, vitakkacaritassa kulatthayūsavaṇṇaṃ, saddhācaritassa kaṇikārapupphavaṇṇaṃ, paññācaritassa acchaṃ vippasannamanāvilaṃ, niddhotajātimaṇi viya jutimantaṃ khāyati. Disato uparimāya disāya jātaṃ. Okāsato sarīrabbhantare dvinnaṃ thanānaṃ majjhe patiṭṭhitanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā dvinnaṃ vātapānakavāṭakānaṃ majjhe ṭhito aggaḷatthambhako na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ dvinnaṃ <a name="V0.0041"></a> vātapānakavāṭakānaṃ majjhe ṭhito’’ti, napi vātapānakavāṭakāni jānanti ‘‘amhākaṃ majjhe aggaḷatthambhako ṭhito’’ti; evamevaṃ na hadayaṃ jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ dvinnaṃ thanānaṃ majjhe ṭhita’’nti, napi thanāni jānanti ‘‘hadayaṃ amhākaṃ majjhe ṭhita’’nti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato hadayaṃ hadayabhāgena paricchinnanti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ hadayaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ sarīrassa abbhantare <span class="bld">yakana</span>saññitaṃ yamakamaṃsapiṇḍaṃ vaṇṇato rattaṃ rattakumudabāhirapattapiṭṭhivaṇṇanti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato ekamūlaṃ hutvā agge yamakaṃ koviḷārapattasaṇṭhānaṃ, tañca dandhānaṃ ekaṃyeva hoti mahantaṃ, paññavantānaṃ dve vā tīṇi vā khuddakānīti. Disato uparimāya disāya jātaṃ. Okāsato dvinnaṃ thanānaṃ abbhantare dakkhiṇapassaṃ nissāya ṭhitanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā piṭharakapasse laggā maṃsapesi na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ piṭharakapasse laggā’’ti, napi piṭharakapassaṃ jānāti ‘‘mayi maṃsapesi laggā’’ti; evameva na yakanaṃ jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ dvinnaṃ thanānaṃ abbhantare dakkhiṇapassaṃ nissāya ṭhita’’nti, napi thanānaṃ abbhantare dakkhiṇapassaṃ jānāti ‘‘maṃ nissāya yakanaṃ ṭhita’’nti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato pana yakanaṃ yakanabhāgena <a name="M0.0043"></a> paricchinnanti vavatthapeti<a name="P0.0055"></a>. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ yakanaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ sarīre paṭicchannāpaṭicchannabhedato duvidhaṃ <span class="bld">kilomakaṃ</span> vaṇṇato setaṃ dukūlapilotikavaṇṇanti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato attano okāsasaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato dvīsu disāsu jātaṃ. Okāsato paṭicchannakilomakaṃ hadayañca vakkañca parivāretvā, appaṭicchannakilomakaṃ sakalasarīre cammassa heṭṭhato maṃsaṃ pariyonandhitvā ṭhitanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā pilotikāya paliveṭhite maṃse na pilotikā jānāti ‘‘mayā maṃsaṃ paliveṭhita’’nti, napi maṃsaṃ jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ pilotikāya paliveṭhita’’nti; evameva na kilomakaṃ jānāti ‘‘mayā hadayavakkāni sakalasarīre ca cammassa heṭṭhato maṃsaṃ paliveṭhita’’nti. Napi hadayavakkāni sakalasarīre ca maṃsaṃ jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ kilomakena paliveṭhita’’nti<a name="V0.0042"></a>. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato heṭṭhā maṃsena upari cammena tiriyaṃ kilomakabhāgena paricchinnanti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ kilomakaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ sarīrassa abbhantare <span class="bld">pihakaṃ</span> vaṇṇato nīlaṃ mīlātanigguṇḍīpupphavaṇṇanti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato yebhuyyena sattaṅgulappamāṇaṃ abandhanaṃ kāḷavacchakajivhāsaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato uparimāya disāya jātaṃ. Okāsato hadayassa vāmapasse udarapaṭalassa matthakapassaṃ nissāya ṭhitaṃ, yamhi paharaṇapahārena bahi nikkhante sattānaṃ jīvitakkhayo hotīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā koṭṭhakamatthakapassaṃ nissāya ṭhitā na gomayapiṇḍi jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ koṭṭhakamatthakapassaṃ nissāya ṭhitā’’ti, napi koṭṭhakamatthakapassaṃ jānāti ‘‘gomayapiṇḍi maṃ nissāya ṭhitā’’ti; evameva na pihakaṃ jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ udarapaṭalassa matthakapassaṃ nissāya ṭhita’’nti, napi udarapaṭalassa matthakapassaṃ jānāti ‘‘pihakaṃ maṃ nissāya ṭhita’’nti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato <a name="M0.0044"></a> pihakaṃ pihakabhāgena <a name="P0.0056"></a> paricchinnanti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ pihakaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ sarīrassa abbhantare dvattiṃsamaṃsakhaṇḍappabhedaṃ <span class="bld">papphāsaṃ</span> vaṇṇato rattaṃ nātiparipakkaudumbaravaṇṇanti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato visamacchinnapūvasaṇṭhānaṃ, chadaniṭṭhakakhaṇḍapuñjasaṇṭhānantipi eke. Tadetaṃ abbhantare asitapītādīnaṃ abhāve uggatena kammajatejusmanā abbhāhatattā saṅkhāditapalālapiṇḍamiva nirasaṃ nirojaṃ hoti. Disato uparimāya disāya jātaṃ. Okāsato sarīrabbhantare dvinnaṃ thanānaṃ abbhantare hadayañca yakanañca upari chādetvā olambantaṃ ṭhitanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā jiṇṇakoṭṭhabbhantare lambamāno sakuṇakulāvako na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ jiṇṇakoṭṭhabbhantare lambamāno ṭhito’’ti, napi jiṇṇakoṭṭhabbhantaraṃ jānāti ‘‘sakuṇakulāvako mayi lambamāno ṭhito’’ti; evameva na papphāsaṃ jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ sarīrabbhantare dvinnaṃ thanānaṃ antare lambamānaṃ ṭhita’’nti, napi sarīrabbhantare dvinnaṃ thanānaṃ antaraṃ jānāti ‘‘mayi papphāsaṃ lambamānaṃ ṭhita’’nti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato <a name="V0.0043"></a> papphāsaṃ papphāsabhāgena paricchinnanti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ papphāsaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ antosarīre purisassa dvattiṃsahatthaṃ, itthiyā aṭṭhavīsatihatthaṃ, ekavīsatiyā ṭhānesu obhaggaṃ <span class="bld">antaṃ</span> vaṇṇato setaṃ sakkharasudhāvaṇṇanti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato sīsaṃ chinditvā lohitadoṇiyaṃ saṃvelletvā ṭhapitadhammanisaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato dvīsu disāsu jātaṃ. Okāsato upari galavāṭake heṭṭhā ca karīsamagge vinibandhattā galavāṭakakarīsamaggapariyante sarīrabbhantare <a name="P0.0057"></a> ṭhitanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā lohitadoṇiyaṃ ṭhapitaṃ chinnasīsaṃ dhammanikaḷevaraṃ na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ lohitadoṇiyaṃ ṭhita’’nti, napi lohitadoṇi jānāti ‘‘mayi chinnasīsaṃ dhammanikaḷevaraṃ ṭhita’’nti; evameva na antaṃ jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ sarīrabbhantare ṭhita’’nti, napi sarīrabbhantaraṃ jānāti ‘‘mayi antaṃ ṭhita’’nti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā <a name="M0.0045"></a> hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato antaṃ antabhāgena paricchinnanti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ antaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ antosarīre antantare <span class="bld">antaguṇaṃ</span> vaṇṇato setaṃ dakasītalikamūlavaṇṇanti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato dakasītalikamūlasaṇṭhānamevāti, gomuttasaṇṭhānantipi eke. Disato dvīsu disāsu jātaṃ. Okāsato kudālapharasukammādīni karontānaṃ yantākaḍḍhanakāle yantasuttakamiva yantaphalakāni antabhoge ekato aggaḷante ābandhitvā pādapuñchanarajjumaṇḍalakassa antarā taṃ sibbitvā ṭhitarajjukā viya ekavīsatiyā antabhogānaṃ antarā ṭhitanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā pādapuñchanarajjumaṇḍalakaṃ sibbitvā ṭhitarajjukā na jānāti ‘‘mayā pādapuñchanarajjumaṇḍalakaṃ sibbita’’nti, napi pādapuñchanarajjumaṇḍalakaṃ jānāti ‘‘rajjukā maṃ sibbitvā ṭhitā’’ti, evameva antaguṇaṃ na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ antaṃ ekavīsatibhogabbhantare ābandhitvā ṭhita’’nti, napi antaṃ jānāti ‘‘antaguṇaṃ maṃ ābandhitvā ṭhita’’nti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato antaguṇaṃ antaguṇabhāgena <a name="V0.0044"></a> paricchinnanti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ antaguṇaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ antosarīre <span class="bld">udariyaṃ</span> vaṇṇato ajjhohaṭāhāravaṇṇanti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato parissāvane sithilabaddhataṇḍulasaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato uparimāya disāya jātaṃ. Okāsato udare ṭhitanti<a name="P0.0058"></a>. Udaraṃ nāma ubhato nippīḷiyamānassa allasāṭakassa majjhe sañjātaphoṭakasadisaṃ antapaṭalaṃ, bahi maṭṭhaṃ, anto maṃsakasambupaliveṭhitaṃ, kiliṭṭhapāvārapupphasadisaṃ, kuthitapanasaphalassa abbhantarasadisantipi eke. Tattha takkolakā gaṇḍuppādakātālahīrakāsūcimukhakāpaṭatantusuttakāti evamādidvattiṃsakulappabhedā kimayo ākulabyākulā saṇḍasaṇḍacārino hutvā nivasanti, ye pānabhojanādimhi avijjamāne ullaṅghitvā viravantā <a name="M0.0046"></a> hadayamaṃsaṃ abhitudanti pānabhojanādīni ajjhoharaṇavelāyañca uddhaṃmukhā hutvā paṭhamajjhohaṭe dve tayo ālope turitaturitā vilumpanti. Yaṃ etesaṃ kimīnaṃ pasūtigharaṃ vaccakuṭi gilānasālā susānañca hoti, yattha seyyathāpi nāma caṇḍālagāmadvāre candanikāya saradasamaye thūlaphusitake deve vassante udakena āvūḷhaṃ muttakarīsacammaṭṭhinhārukhaṇḍakheḷasiṅghāṇikālohitappabhutinānākuṇapajātaṃ nipatitvā kaddamodakāluḷitaṃ sañjātakimikulākulaṃ hutvā dvīhatīhaccayena sūriyātapasantāpavegakuthitaṃ upari pheṇapupphuḷake muñcantaṃ abhinīlavaṇṇaṃ paramaduggandhajegucchaṃ upagantuṃ vā daṭṭhuṃ vā anaraharūpataṃ āpajjitvā tiṭṭhati, pageva ghāyituṃ vā sāyituṃ vā; evameva nānappakārapānabhojanādi dantamusalasaṃcuṇṇitaṃ jivhāhatthasamparivattitaṃ kheḷalālāpalibuddhaṃ taṅkhaṇavigatavaṇṇagandharasādisampadaṃ koliyakhalisuvānavamathusadisaṃ nipatitvā pittasemhavātapaliveṭhitaṃ hutvā udaraggisantāpavegakuthitaṃ kimikulākulaṃ uparūpari pheṇapupphuḷakāni muñcantaṃ paramakasambuduggandhajegucchabhāvamāpajjitvā tiṭṭhati. Yaṃ sutvāpi <a name="P0.0059"></a> pānabhojanādīsu amanuññatā saṇṭhāti, pageva paññācakkhunā oloketvā. Yattha ca patitaṃ pānabhojanādi pañcadhā vivekaṃ gacchati, ekaṃ bhāgaṃ pāṇakā khādanti, ekaṃ bhāgaṃ udaraggi jhāpeti, eko bhāgo muttaṃ hoti, eko bhāgo karīsaṃ hoti, eko bhāgo rasabhāvaṃ āpajjitvā soṇitamaṃsādīni upabrūhayatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā paramajegucchāya suvānadoṇiyā ṭhito suvānavamathu na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ suvānadoṇiyā ṭhito’’ti; napi suvānadoṇi jānāti ‘‘mayi suvānavamathu ṭhito’’ti. Evameva na udariyaṃ jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ imasmiṃ paramaduggandhajegucche udare ṭhita’’nti; napi udaraṃ jānāti ‘‘mayi udariyaṃ ṭhita’’nti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti<a name="V0.0045"></a>. Paricchedato udariyaṃ udariyabhāgena paricchinnanti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ udariyaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato <a name="M0.0047"></a> paraṃ antosarīre <span class="bld">karīsaṃ</span> vaṇṇato yebhuyyena ajjhohaṭāhāravaṇṇanti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhānaṃ, disato heṭṭhimāya disāya jātaṃ, okāsato pakkāsaye ṭhitanti. Pakkāsayo nāma heṭṭhā nābhipiṭṭhikaṇṭakamūlānaṃ antare antāvasāne ubbedhena aṭṭhaṅgulamatto vaṃsanaḷakabbhantarasadiso padeso, yattha seyyathāpi nāma uparibhūmibhāge patitaṃ vassodakaṃ ogaḷitvā heṭṭhābhūmibhāgaṃ pūretvā tiṭṭhati, evameva yaṃkiñci āmāsaye patitaṃ pānabhojanādikaṃ udaragginā pheṇuddehakaṃ pakkaṃ pakkaṃ saṇhakaraṇiyā piṭṭhamiva saṇhabhāvaṃ āpajjitvā antabilena ogaḷitvā omadditvā vaṃsanaḷake pakkhittapaṇḍumattikā viya sannicitaṃ hutvā tiṭṭhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā vaṃsanaḷake omadditvā pakkhittapaṇḍumattikā na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ vaṃsanaḷake ṭhitā’’ti, napi vaṃsanaḷako jānāti ‘‘mayi paṇḍumattikā ṭhitā’’ti; evameva na karīsaṃ jānāti <a name="P0.0060"></a> ‘‘ahaṃ pakkāsaye ṭhita’’nti, napi pakkāsayo jānāti ‘‘mayi karīsaṃ ṭhita’’nti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato karīsaṃ karīsabhāgena paricchinnanti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ karīsaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ sarīre sīsakaṭāhabbhantare <span class="bld">matthaluṅgaṃ</span> vaṇṇato setaṃ ahichattakapiṇḍivaṇṇanti vavatthapeti. Pakkuthitaduddhavaṇṇantipi eke. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato uparimāya disāya jātaṃ. Okāsato sīsakaṭāhassa abbhantare cattāro sibbinimagge nissāya samodhāya ṭhapitā cattāro piṭṭhapiṇḍikā viya samohitaṃ catumatthaluṅgapiṇḍappabhedaṃ hutvā ṭhitanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā purāṇalābukaṭāhe pakkhittapiṭṭhapiṇḍi pakkuthitaduddhaṃ vā na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ purāṇalābukaṭāhe ṭhita’’nti, napi purāṇalābukaṭāhaṃ jānāti ‘‘mayi piṭṭhapiṇḍi pakkuthitaduddhaṃ vā ṭhita’’nti; evameva na matthaluṅgaṃ jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ sīsakaṭāhabbhantare ṭhita’’nti, napi sīsakaṭāhabbhantaraṃ jānāti ‘‘mayi matthaluṅgaṃ ṭhita’’nti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato matthaluṅgaṃ matthaluṅgabhāgena paricchinnanti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa <a name="V0.0046"></a> sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ matthaluṅgaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato <a name="M0.0048"></a> paraṃ sarīre baddhābaddhabhedato duvidhampi <span class="bld">pittaṃ</span> vaṇṇato bahalamadhukatelavaṇṇanti vavatthapeti. Abaddhapittaṃ milātabakulapupphavaṇṇantipi eke. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato dvīsu disāsu jātaṃ. Okāsato abaddhapittaṃ kesalomanakhadantānaṃ maṃsavinimuttaṭṭhānaṃ thaddhasukkhacammañca vajjetvā udakamiva telabindu avasesasarīraṃ byāpetvā ṭhitaṃ, yamhi kupite akkhīni pītakāni honti bhamanti, gattaṃ kampati kaṇḍūyati. Baddhapittaṃ hadayapapphāsānamantare <a name="P0.0061"></a> yakanamaṃsaṃ nissāya patiṭṭhite mahākosātakikosakasadise pittakosake ṭhitaṃ, yamhi kupite sattā ummattakā honti, vipallatthacittā hirottappaṃ chaḍḍetvā akattabbaṃ karonti, abhāsitabbaṃ bhāsanti, acintitabbaṃ cintenti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā udakaṃ byāpetvā ṭhitaṃ telaṃ na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ udakaṃ byāpetvā ṭhita’’nti, napi udakaṃ jānāti ‘‘telaṃ maṃ byāpetvā ṭhita’’nti; evameva na abaddhapittaṃ jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ sarīraṃ byāpetvā ṭhita’’nti, napi sarīraṃ jānāti ‘‘abaddhapittaṃ maṃ byāpetvā ṭhita’’nti. Yathā ca kosātakikosake ṭhitaṃ vassodakaṃ na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ kosātakikosake ṭhita’’nti, napi kosātakikosako jānāti ‘‘mayi vassodakaṃ ṭhita’’nti; evameva na baddhapittaṃ jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ pittakosake ṭhita’’nti, napi pittakosako jānāti ‘‘mayi baddhapittaṃ ṭhita’’nti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato pittaṃ pittabhāgena paricchinnanti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ pittaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ sarīrabbhantare ekapattapūrappamāṇaṃ <span class="bld">semhaṃ</span> vaṇṇato setaṃ kacchakapaṇṇarasavaṇṇanti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato uparimāya disāya jātaṃ. Okāsato udarapaṭale ṭhitanti. Yaṃ <a name="M0.0049"></a> pānabhojanādiajjhoharaṇakāle seyyathāpi nāma udake sevālapaṇakaṃ kaṭṭhe vā kathale vā patante chijjitvā dvidhā hutvā puna ajjhottharitvā tiṭṭhati, evameva pānabhojanādimhi nipatante chijjitvā dvidhā hutvā puna ajjhottharitvā tiṭṭhati, yamhi ca mandībhūte pakkamiva gaṇḍaṃ pūtikamiva kukkuṭaṇḍaṃ udarapaṭalaṃ paramajegucchakuṇapagandhaṃ hoti. Tato uggatena ca gandhena uggāropi mukhampi duggandhaṃ pūtikuṇapasadisaṃ hoti, so ca puriso ‘‘apehi <a name="V0.0047"></a> duggandhaṃ vāyasī’’ti vattabbataṃ <a name="P0.0062"></a> āpajjati, yañca abhivaḍḍhitaṃ bahalattamāpannaṃ paṭikujjanaphalakamiva vaccakuṭiyā udarapaṭalabbhantare eva kuṇapagandhaṃ sannirumbhitvā tiṭṭhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā candanikāya uparipheṇapaṭalaṃ na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ candanikāya ṭhita’’nti, napi candanikā jānāti ‘‘mayi pheṇapaṭalaṃ ṭhita’’nti; evameva na semhaṃ jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ udarapaṭale ṭhita’’nti, napi udarapaṭalaṃ jānāti ‘‘mayi semhaṃ ṭhitanti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato semhaṃ semhabhāgena paricchinnanti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ semhaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ sarīre <span class="bld">pubbo</span> vaṇṇato paṇḍupalāsavaṇṇoti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhāno. Disato dvīsu disāsu jāto. Okāsato pubbassa okāso nāma nibaddho natthi. Yattha pubbo sannicito tiṭṭheyya, yatra yatra khāṇukaṇṭakappaharaṇaggijālādīhi abhihate sarīrappadese lohitaṃ saṇṭhahitvā paccati, gaṇḍapiḷakādayo vā uppajjanti, tatra tatra tiṭṭhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā rukkhassa tattha tattha pharasudhārādīhi pahatappadese avagaḷitvā ṭhito niyyāso na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ rukkhassa pahatappadese ṭhito’’ti, napi rukkhassa pahatappadeso jānāti ‘‘mayi niyyāso ṭhito’’ti; evameva na pubbo jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ sarīrassa tattha tattha khāṇukaṇṭakādīhi abhihatappadese gaṇḍapiḷakādīnaṃ uṭṭhitappadese vā ṭhito’’ti, napi sarīrappadeso jānāti ‘‘mayi pubbo ṭhito’’ti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā <a name="M0.0050"></a> hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato pubbo pubbabhāgena paricchinnoti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ pubbaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ sarīre sannicitalohitaṃ saṃsaraṇalohitanti evaṃ duvidhe <span class="bld">lohite</span> sannicitalohitaṃ tāva vaṇṇato bahalakuthitalākhārasavaṇṇanti <a name="P0.0063"></a> vavatthapeti, saṃsaraṇalohitaṃ acchalākhārasavaṇṇanti. Saṇṭhānato sabbampi attano okāsasaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato sannicitalohitaṃ uparimāya disāya jātaṃ, saṃsaraṇalohitaṃ dvīsupīti. Okāsato saṃsaraṇalohitaṃ kesalomanakhadantānaṃ maṃsavinimuttaṭṭhānañceva thaddhasukkhacammañca vajjetvā dhamanijālānusārena <a name="V0.0048"></a> sabbaṃ upādinnakasarīraṃ pharitvā ṭhitaṃ. Sannicitalohitaṃ yakanassa heṭṭhābhāgaṃ pūretvā ekapattapūraṇamattaṃ vakkahadayapapphāsānaṃ upari thokaṃ thokaṃ binduṃ pātentaṃ vakkahadayayakanapapphāse tementaṃ ṭhitaṃ, yamhi vakkahadayādīni atemente sattā pipāsitā honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā jajjarakapāle ṭhitaṃ udakaṃ heṭṭhā leḍḍukhaṇḍādīni tementaṃ na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ jajjarakapāle ṭhitaṃ heṭṭhā leḍḍukhaṇḍādīni tememī’’ti, napi jajjarakapālaṃ heṭṭhā leḍḍukhaṇḍādīni vā jānanti ‘‘mayi udakaṃ ṭhitaṃ, amhe vā tementaṃ ṭhita’’nti; evameva na lohitaṃ jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ yakanassa heṭṭhābhāge vakkahadayādīni tementaṃ ṭhita’’nti, napi yakanassa heṭṭhābhāgaṭṭhānaṃ vakkahadayādīni vā jānanti ‘‘mayi lohitaṃ ṭhitaṃ, amhe vā tementaṃ ṭhita’’nti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato lohitaṃ lohitabhāgena paricchinnanti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ lohitaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ sarīre <span class="bld">sedo</span> vaṇṇato pasannatilatelavaṇṇoti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhāno. Disato dvīsu disāsu jāto. Okāsato sedassa okāso nāma nibaddho natthi, yattha sedo lohitaṃ viya sadā tiṭṭheyya. Yasmā vā yadā aggisantāpasūriyasantāpautuvikārādīhi <a name="M0.0051"></a> sarīraṃ santapati, atha udakato abbūḷhamattavisamacchinnabhisamuḷālakumudanālakalāpaudakamiva sabbakesalomakūpavivarehi paggharati. Tasmā tesaṃ kesalomakūpavivarānaṃ vasena taṃ <a name="P0.0064"></a> saṇṭhānato vavatthapeti. ‘‘Sedapariggaṇhakena ca yogāvacarena kesalomakūpavivare pūretvā ṭhitavaseneva sedo manasikātabbo’’ti vuttaṃ pubbācariyehi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā bhisamuḷālakumudanālakalāpavivarehi paggharantaṃ udakaṃ na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ bhisamuḷālakumudanālakalāpavivarehi paggharāmī’’ti, napi bhisamuḷālakumudanālakalāpavivarā jānanti ‘‘amhehi udakaṃ paggharatī’’ti; evameva na sedo jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ kesalomakūpavivarehi paggharāmī’’ti, napi kesalomakūpavivarā jānanti ‘‘amhehi sedo paggharatī’’ti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato sedo sedabhāgena paricchinnoti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ sedaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato <a name="V0.0049"></a> paraṃ sarīre cammamaṃsantare <span class="bld">medo</span> vaṇṇato phālitahaliddivaṇṇoti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhāno. Tathā hi sukhino thūlasarīrassa cammamaṃsantare pharitvā ṭhito haliddirattadukūlapilotikasaṇṭhāno, kisasarīrassa jaṅghamaṃsaūrumaṃsapiṭṭhikaṇṭakanissitapiṭṭhimaṃsaudarapaṭalamaṃsāni nissāya saṃvellitvā ṭhapitahaliddirattadukūlapilotikakhaṇḍasaṇṭhāno. Disato dvīsu disāsu jāto. Okāsato thūlasarīrassa sakalasarīraṃ pharitvā kisassa jaṅghāmaṃsādīni nissāya ṭhito, yo sinehasaṅkhātopi hutvā paramajegucchattā na matthakatelatthaṃ na gaṇḍūsatelatthaṃ na dīpajālanatthaṃ saṅgayhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā maṃsapuñjaṃ nissāya ṭhitā haliddirattadukūlapilotikā na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ maṃsapuñjaṃ nissāya ṭhitā’’ti, napi maṃsapuñjo jānāti ‘‘haliddirattadukūlapilotikā maṃ nissāya ṭhitā’’ti; evameva na medo jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ sakalasarīraṃ jaṅghādīsu vā maṃsaṃ nissāya ṭhito’’ti, napi sakalasarīraṃ jānāti jaṅghādīsu vā maṃsaṃ ‘‘medo maṃ nissāya ṭhito’’ti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato medo heṭṭhā maṃsena, upari cammena, samantato medabhāgena <a name="M0.0052"></a> paricchinnoti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo <a name="P0.0065"></a> pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ medaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ sarīre <span class="bld">assu</span> vaṇṇato pasannatilatelavaṇṇanti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato uparimāya disāya jātaṃ. Okāsato akkhikūpakesu ṭhitanti. Na cetaṃ pittakosake pittamiva akkhikūpakesu sadā sannicitaṃ hutvā tiṭṭhati, kintu yadā somanassajātā sattā mahāhasitaṃ hasanti, domanassajātā rodanti paridevanti, tathārūpaṃ visamāhāraṃ vā haranti, yadā ca tesaṃ akkhīni dhūmarajapaṃsukādīhi abhihaññanti, tadā etehi somanassadomanassavisamāhārādīhi samuṭṭhahitvā assu akkhikūpakesu pūretvā tiṭṭhati paggharati ca. ‘‘Assupariggaṇhakena ca yogāvacarena akkhikūpake pūretvā ṭhitavaseneva taṃ manasikātabba’’nti pubbācariyā vaṇṇayanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā matthakacchinnataruṇatālaṭṭhikūpakesu ṭhitaṃ udakaṃ na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ matthakacchinnataruṇatālaṭṭhikūpakesu ṭhita’’nti, napi matthakacchinnataruṇatālaṭṭhikūpakā jānanti ‘‘amhesu udakaṃ ṭhita’’nti; evameva na assu jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ akkhikūpakesu ṭhita’’nti, napi akkhikūpakā jānanti ‘‘amhesu assu ṭhita’’nti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete <a name="V0.0050"></a> dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato assu assubhāgena paricchinnanti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ assuṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ sarīre vilīnasinehasaṅkhātā <span class="bld">vasā</span> vaṇṇato ācāme āsittatelavaṇṇāti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhānā. Disato dvīsu disāsu jātā. Okāsato hatthatalahatthapiṭṭhipādatalapādapiṭṭhināsāpuṭanalāṭaaṃsakūṭesu ṭhitāti. Na cesā etesu okāsesu sadā vilīnā eva hutvā tiṭṭhati, kintu yadā aggisantāpasūriyasantāpautuvisabhāgadhātuvisabhāgehi te padesā usmājātā honti, tadā tattha vilīnāva hutvā pasannasalilāsu udakasoṇḍikāsu nīhāro viya sarati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M0.0053"></a> yathā udakasoṇḍiyo ajjhottharitvā <a name="P0.0066"></a> ṭhito nīhāro na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ udakasoṇḍiyo ajjhottharitvā ṭhito’’ti, napi udakasoṇḍiyo jānanti ‘‘nīhāro amhe ajjhottharitvā ṭhito’’ti; evameva na vasā jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ hatthatalādīni ajjhottharitvā ṭhitā’’ti, napi hatthatalādīni jānanti ‘‘vasā amhe ajjhottharitvā ṭhitā’’ti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato vasā vasābhāgena paricchinnāti vavatthapeti. Ayametissā sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ vasaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ sarīre mukhassabbhantare <span class="bld">kheḷo</span> vaṇṇato seto pheṇavaṇṇoti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhānoti, samuddapheṇasaṇṭhānotipi eke. Disato uparimāya disāya jāto. Okāsato ubhohi kapolapassehi orohitvā jivhāya ṭhitoti. Na ceso ettha sadā sannicito hutvā tiṭṭhati, kintu yadā sattā tathārūpaṃ āhāraṃ passanti vā saranti vā, uṇhatittakaṭukaloṇambilānaṃ vā kiñci mukhe ṭhapenti. Yadā ca tesaṃ hadayaṃ āgilāyati, kismiñcideva vā jigucchā uppajjati, tadā kheḷo uppajjitvā ubhohi kapolapassehi orohitvā jivhāya saṇṭhāti. Aggajivhāya cesa kheḷo tanuko hoti, mūlajivhāya bahalo, mukhe pakkhittañca puthukaṃ vā taṇḍulaṃ vā aññaṃ vā kiñci khādanīyaṃ nadipuline khatakūpasalilamiva parikkhayamagacchantova sadā temanasamattho hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā nadipuline khatakūpatale saṇṭhitaṃ udakaṃ na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ kūpatale saṇṭhita’’nti<a name="V0.0051"></a>, napi kūpatalaṃ jānāti ‘‘mayi udakaṃ ṭhita’’nti; evameva na kheḷo jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ ubhohi kapolapassehi orohitvā jivhātale saṇṭhito’’ti, napi jivhātalaṃ jānāti ‘‘mayi ubhohi kapolapassehi orohitvā kheḷo saṇṭhito’’ti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato kheḷo kheḷabhāgena paricchinnoti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ kheḷaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato <a name="M0.0054"></a><a name="P0.0067"></a> paraṃ sarīre <span class="bld">siṅghāṇikā</span> vaṇṇato setā taruṇatālamiñjavaṇṇāti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhānā, sedetvā sedetvā nāsāpuṭe nirantaraṃ pakkhittavettaṅkurasaṇṭhānātipi eke. Disato uparimāya disāya jātā. Okāsato nāsāpuṭe pūretvā ṭhitāti. Na cesā ettha sadā sannicitā hutvā tiṭṭhati, kintu seyyathāpi nāma puriso paduminipatte dadhiṃ bandhitvā heṭṭhā paduminipattaṃ kaṇṭakena vijjheyya, atha tena chiddena dadhipiṇḍaṃ gaḷitvā bahi papateyya; evameva yadā sattā rodanti, visabhāgāhārautuvasena vā sañjātadhātukkhobhā honti, tadā antosīsato pūtisemhabhāvaṃ āpannaṃ matthaluṅgaṃ gaḷitvā tālumatthakavivarena otaritvā nāsāpuṭe pūretvā tiṭṭhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā sippikāya pakkhittaṃ pūtidadhi na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ sippikāya ṭhita’’nti, napi sippikā jānāti ‘‘mayi pūtikaṃ dadhi ṭhita’’nti; evameva na siṅghāṇikā jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ nāsāpuṭesu ṭhitā’’ti, napi nāsāpuṭā jānanti ‘‘amhesu siṅghāṇikā ṭhitā’’ti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato siṅghāṇikā siṅghāṇikabhāgena paricchinnāti vavatthapeti. Ayametissā sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ siṅghāṇikaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ antosarīre <span class="bld">lasikā</span>ti sarīrasandhīnaṃ abbhantare picchilakuṇapaṃ. Sā vaṇṇato kaṇikāraniyyāsavaṇṇāti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhānā. Disato dvīsu disāsu jātā. Okāsato aṭṭhisandhīnaṃ abbhañjanakiccaṃ sādhayamānā asītisatasandhīnaṃ abbhantare ṭhitāti. Yassa cesā mandā hoti, tassa uṭṭhahantassa nisīdantassa abhikkamantassa paṭikkamantassa samiñjantassa pasārentassa aṭṭhikāni kaṭakaṭāyanti, accharikāsaddaṃ karonto viya vicarati<a name="P0.0068"></a>, ekayojanadviyojanamattampi addhānaṃ gatassa vāyodhātu kuppati, gattāni dukkhanti <a name="V0.0052"></a> yassa pana cesā bahukā hoti, tassa uṭṭhānanisajjādīsu na aṭṭhīni kaṭakaṭāyanti, dīghampi addhānaṃ gatassa na vāyodhātu kuppati, na gattāni dukkhanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M0.0055"></a> yathā abbhañjanatelaṃ na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ akkhaṃ abbhañjitvā ṭhita’’nti, napi akkho jānāti ‘‘maṃ telaṃ abbhañjitvā ṭhita’’nti; evameva na lasikā jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ asītisatasandhiyo abbhañjitvā ṭhitā’’ti, napi asītisatasandhiyo jānanti ‘‘lasikā amhe abbhañjitvā ṭhitā’’ti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato lasikā lasikabhāgena paricchinnāti vavatthapeti. Ayametissā sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ lasikaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ antosarīre <span class="bld">muttaṃ</span> vaṇṇato māsakhārodakavaṇṇanti vavatthapeti. Saṇṭhānato udakaṃ pūretvā adhomukhaṭhapitaudakakumbhaantaragataudakasaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato heṭṭhimāya disāya jātaṃ. Okāsato vatthissabbhantare ṭhitanti. Vatthi nāma vatthipuṭo vuccati, yattha seyyathāpi nāma candanikāya pakkhitte amukhe peḷāghaṭe candanikāraso pavisati, na cassa pavisanamaggo paññāyati; evameva sarīrato muttaṃ pavisati, na cassa pavisanamaggo paññāyati nikkhamanamaggo eva tu pākaṭo hoti, yamhi ca muttassa bharite ‘‘passāvaṃ karomā’’ti sattānaṃ āyūhanaṃ hoti. Tattha yathā candanikāya pakkhitte amukhe peḷāghaṭe ṭhito candanikāraso na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ amukhe peḷāghaṭe ṭhito’’ti, napi peḷāghaṭo jānāti ‘‘mayi candanikāraso ṭhito’’ti; evameva muttaṃ na jānāti ‘‘ahaṃ vatthimhi ṭhita’’nti, napi vatthi jānāti ‘‘mayi muttaṃ ṭhita’’nti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇavirahitā hi ete dhammā…pe… na puggaloti. Paricchedato vatthiabbhantarena ceva muttabhāgena ca paricchinnanti vavatthapeti. Ayametassa <a name="P0.0069"></a> sabhāgaparicchedo, visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadiso evāti evaṃ muttaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti. Evamayaṃ imaṃ dvattiṃsākāraṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassevaṃ imaṃ dvattiṃsākāraṃ vaṇṇādivasena vavatthapentassa taṃ taṃ bhāvanānuyogaṃ āgamma kesādayo paguṇā honti, koṭṭhāsabhāvena upaṭṭhahanti. Tato pabhuti seyyathāpi nāma cakkhumato purisassa dvattiṃsavaṇṇānaṃ pupphānaṃ ekasuttaganthitaṃ mālaṃ olokentassa sabbapupphāni apubbāpariyamiva pākaṭāni honti; evameva ‘‘atthi imasmiṃ kāye <a name="M0.0056"></a> kesā’’ti imaṃ kāyaṃ satiyā olokentassa sabbe te dhammā apubbāpariyamiva pākaṭā honti. Kesesu āvajjitesu <a name="V0.0053"></a> asaṇṭhahamānāva sati yāva muttaṃ, tāva pavattati. Tato pabhuti tassa āhiṇḍantā manussatiracchānādayo ca sattākāraṃ vijahitvā koṭṭhāsarāsivaseneva upaṭṭhahanti, tehi ca ajjhohariyamānaṃ pānabhojanādi koṭṭhāsarāsimhi pakkhippamānamiva upaṭṭhātīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāha ‘‘athānena tato paraṃ kiṃ kātabba’’nti? Vuccate – tadeva nimittaṃ āsevitabbaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ bahulīkātabbaṃ suvavatthitaṃ vavatthapetabbaṃ. Kathaṃ panāyaṃ taṃ nimittaṃ āsevati bhāveti bahulīkaroti suvavatthitaṃ vavatthapetīti? Ayañhi taṃ kesādīnaṃ koṭṭhāsabhāvena upaṭṭhānanimittaṃ āsevati, satiyā alliyati bhajati upagacchati, satigabbhaṃ gaṇhāpeti. Tattha laddhaṃ vā satiṃ vaḍḍhento taṃ bhāvetīti vuccati. Bahulīkarotīti punappunaṃ satisampayuttaṃ vitakkavicārabbhāhataṃ karoti. Suvavatthitaṃ vavatthapetīti yathā suṭṭhu vavatthitaṃ hoti, na puna antaradhānaṃ gacchati, tathā taṃ satiyā vavatthapeti, upadhāreti upanibandhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā yaṃ <a name="P0.0070"></a> pubbe anupubbato, nātisīghato, nātisaṇikato, vikkhepappahānato, paṇṇattisamatikkamanato, anupubbamuñcanato, lakkhaṇato, tayo ca suttantāti evaṃ dasavidhaṃ manasikārakosallaṃ vuttaṃ. Tattha anupubbato manasikaronto āsevati, nātisīghato nātisaṇikato ca manasikaronto bhāveti, vikkhepappahānato manasikaronto bahulī karoti, paṇṇattisamatikkamanādito manasikaronto suvavatthitaṃ vavatthapetīti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāha ‘‘kathaṃ panāyaṃ anupubbādivasena ete dhamme manasi karotī’’ti? Vuccate – ayañhi kese manasi karitvā tadanantaraṃ lome manasi karoti, na nakhe. Tathā lome manasi karitvā tadanantaraṃ nakhe manasi karoti, na dante. Esa nayo sabbattha. Kasmā? Uppaṭipāṭiyā hi manasikaronto seyyathāpi nāma akusalo puriso dvattiṃsapadaṃ nisseṇiṃ uppaṭipāṭiyā ārohanto kilantakāyo tato nisseṇito <a name="M0.0057"></a> papatati, na ārohanaṃ sampādeti; evameva bhāvanāsampattivasena adhigantabbassa assādassa anadhigamanato kilantacitto dvattiṃsākārabhāvanāto papatati, na bhāvanaṃ sampādetīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Anupubbato manasikarontopi ca kesā lomāti <span class="bld">nātisīghato</span>pi manasi karoti. Atisīghato hi manasikaronto seyyathāpi nāma addhānaṃ gacchanto puriso samavisamarukkhathalaninnadvedhāpathādīni magganimittāni upalakkhetuṃ na sakkoti, tato na maggakusalo hoti, addhānañca parikkhayaṃ neti; evameva vaṇṇasaṇṭhānādīni dvattiṃsākāranimittāni <a name="V0.0054"></a> upalakkhetuṃ na sakkoti, tato na dvattiṃsākāre kusalo hoti, kammaṭṭhānañca parikkhayaṃ neti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā ca nātisīghato, evaṃ <span class="bld">nātisaṇikato</span>pi manasi karoti. Atisaṇikato hi manasikaronto seyyathāpi nāma puriso addhānamaggaṃ paṭipanno antarāmagge rukkhapabbatataḷākādīsu vilambamāno icchitappadesaṃ apāpuṇanto antarāmaggeyeva sīhabyagghādīhi anayabyasanaṃ pāpuṇāti; evameva dvattiṃsākārabhāvanāsampadaṃ apāpuṇanto <a name="P0.0071"></a> bhāvanāvicchedena antarāyeva kāmavitakkādīhi anayabyasanaṃ pāpuṇāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nātisaṇikato manasikarontopi ca <span class="bld">vikkhepappahānato</span>pi manasi karoti. Vikkhepappahānato nāma yathā aññesu navakammādīsu cittaṃ na vikkhipati, tathā manasi karoti. Bahiddhā vikkhepamānacitto hi kesādīsveva asamāhitacetovitakko bhāvanāsampadaṃ apāpuṇitvā antarāva anayabyasanaṃ āpajjati takkasilāgamane bodhisattassa sahāyakā viya. Avikkhipamānacitto pana kesādīsveva samāhitacetovitakko bhāvanāsampadaṃ pāpuṇāti bodhisatto viya takkasilarajjasampadanti. Tassevaṃ vikkhepappahānato manasikaroto adhikāracariyādhimuttīnaṃ vasena te dhammā asubhato vā vaṇṇato vā suññato vā upaṭṭhahanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha paṇṇattisamatikkamanato te dhamme manasi karoti. <span class="bld">Paṇṇattisamatikkamanato</span>ti kesā lomāti evamādivohāraṃ samatikkamitvā vissajjetvā yathūpaṭṭhitānaṃ asubhādīnaṃyeva vasena manasi karoti. Kathaṃ<a name="M0.0058"></a>? Yathā araññanivāsūpagatā manussā aparicitabhūmibhāgattā udakaṭṭhānasañjānanatthaṃ sākhābhaṅgādinimittaṃ katvā tadanusārena gantvā udakaṃ paribhuñjanti, yadā pana paricitabhūmibhāgā honti, atha taṃ nimittaṃ vissajjetvā amanasikatvāva udakaṭṭhānaṃ upasaṅkamitvā udakaṃ paribhuñjanti, evamevāyaṃ kesā lomātiādinā taṃtaṃvohārassa vasena paṭhamaṃ te dhamme manasākāsi, tesu dhammesu asubhādīnaṃ aññataravasena upaṭṭhahantesu taṃ vohāraṃ samatikkamitvā vissajjetvā asubhāditova manasi karoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāha ‘‘kathaṃ panassa ete dhammā asubhādito upaṭṭhahanti, kathaṃ vaṇṇato, kathaṃ suññato vā, kathañcāyamete asubhato manasi karoti, kathaṃ vaṇṇato, kathaṃ suññato vā’’ti? Kesā tāvassa vaṇṇasaṇṭhānagandhāsayokāsavasena pañcadhā asubhato upaṭṭhahanti, pañcadhā eva ayamete asubhato manasi karoti. Seyyathidaṃ – kesā nāmete vaṇṇato asubhā <a name="P0.0072"></a> paramappaṭikūlajegucchā<a name="V0.0055"></a>. Tathā hi manussā divā pānabhojane patitaṃ kesavaṇṇaṃ vākaṃ vā suttaṃ vā disvā kesasaññāya manoramampi pānabhojanaṃ chaḍḍenti vā jigucchanti vā. Saṇṭhānatopi asubhā. Tathā hi rattiṃ pānabhojane patitaṃ kesasaṇṭhānaṃ vākaṃ vā suttaṃ vā phusitvā kesasaññāya manoramampi pānabhojanaṃ chaḍḍenti vā jigucchanti vā. Gandhatopi asubhā. Tathā hi telamakkhanapupphadhūmādisaṅkhārehi virahitānaṃ kesānaṃ gandho paramajeguccho hoti, aggīsu pakkhittassa kesassa gandhaṃ ghāyitvā sattā nāsikaṃ pidhenti, mukhampi vikujjenti. Āsayatopi asubhā. Tathā hi nānāvidhena manussāsucinissandena saṅkāraṭṭhāne taṇḍuleyyakādīni viya pittasemhapubbalohitanissandena te ācitā vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ gamitāti. Okāsatopi asubhā. Tathā hi saṅkāraṭṭhāne viya taṇḍuleyyakādīni paramajegucche lomādiekatiṃsakuṇaparāsimatthake manussānaṃ sīsapaliveṭhake allacamme jātāti. Esa nayo lomādīsu. Evaṃ tāva ayamete dhamme asubhato upaṭṭhahante asubhato manasi karoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi panassa vaṇṇato upaṭṭhahanti, atha kesā nīlakasiṇavasena upaṭṭhahanti. Tathā lomā dantā odātakasiṇavasenāti. Esa nayo sabbattha<a name="M0.0059"></a>. Taṃtaṃkasiṇavaseneva ayamete manasi karoti, evaṃ vaṇṇato upaṭṭhahante vaṇṇato manasi karoti. Yadi panassa suññato upaṭṭhahanti, atha kesā ghanavinibbhogavavatthānena ojaṭṭhamakasamūhavasena upaṭṭhahanti. Tathā lomādayo, yathā upaṭṭhahanti. Ayamete tatheva manasi karoti. Evaṃ suññato upaṭṭhahante suññato manasi karoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ manasikaronto ayamete dhamme anupubbamuñcanato manasi karoti. <span class="bld">Anupubbamuñcanato</span>ti asubhādīnaṃ aññataravasena upaṭṭhite kese muñcitvā lome manasikaronto seyyathāpi nāma jalūkā naṅguṭṭhena gahitappadese sāpekkhāva hutvā tuṇḍena aññaṃ padesaṃ gaṇhāti, gahite ca tasmiṃ itaraṃ muñcati, evameva kesesu sāpekkhova hutvā lome manasi karoti, lomesu ca patiṭṭhite manasikāre <a name="P0.0073"></a> kese muñcati. Esa nayo sabbattha. Evaṃ hissa anupubbamuñcanato manasikaroto asubhādīsu aññataravasena te dhammā upaṭṭhahantā anavasesato upaṭṭhahanti, pākaṭatarūpaṭṭhānā ca honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha yassa te dhammā <span class="bld">asubhato</span> upaṭṭhahanti, pākaṭatarūpaṭṭhānā ca honti, tassa seyyathāpi nāma makkaṭo dvattiṃsatālake tālavane byādhena paripātiyamāno ekarukkhepi asaṇṭhahanto paridhāvitvā yadā nivatto hoti kilanto, atha ekameva ghanatālapaṇṇapariveṭhitaṃ tālasuciṃ <a name="V0.0056"></a> nissāya tiṭṭhati; evameva cittamakkaṭo dvattiṃsakoṭṭhāsake imasmiṃ kāye teneva yoginā paripātiyamāno ekakoṭṭhāsakepi asaṇṭhahanto paridhāvitvā yadā anekārammaṇavidhāvane abhilāsābhāvena nivatto hoti kilanto. Atha yvāssa kesādīsu dhammo paguṇataro caritānurūpataro vā, yattha vā pubbe katādhikāro hoti, taṃ nissāya upacāravasena tiṭṭhati. Atha tameva nimittaṃ punappunaṃ takkāhataṃ vitakkāhataṃ karitvā yathākkamaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ uppādeti, tattha patiṭṭhāya vipassanamārabhitvā ariyabhūmiṃ pāpuṇāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yassa pana te dhammā <span class="bld">vaṇṇato</span> upaṭṭhahanti, tassāpi seyyathāpi nāma makkaṭo…pe… atha yvāssa kesādīsu dhammo paguṇataro caritānurūpataro <a name="M0.0060"></a> vā, yattha vā pubbe katādhikāro hoti, taṃ nissāya upacāravasena tiṭṭhati. Atha tameva nimittaṃ punappunaṃ takkāhataṃ vitakkāhataṃ karitvā yathākkamaṃ nīlakasiṇavasena pītakasiṇavasena vā pañcapi rūpāvacarajjhānāni uppādeti, tesañca yattha katthaci patiṭṭhāya vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā ariyabhūmiṃ pāpuṇāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yassa pana te dhammā <span class="bld">suññato</span> upaṭṭhahanti, so lakkhaṇato manasi karoti, lakkhaṇato manasikaronto tattha catudhātuvavatthānavasena upacārajjhānaṃ pāpuṇāti. Atha manasikaronto te dhamme aniccadukkhānattasuttattayavasena manasi karoti<a name="P0.0074"></a>. Ayamassa vipassanānayo. So imaṃ vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā yathākkamañca paṭipajjitvā ariyabhūmiṃ pāpuṇātīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā ca yaṃ vuttaṃ – ‘‘kathaṃ panāyaṃ anupubbādivasena ete dhamme manasi karotī’’ti, taṃ byākataṃ hoti. Yañcāpi vuttaṃ – ‘‘bhāvanāvasena panassa evaṃ vaṇṇanā veditabbā’’ti, tassattho pakāsito hotīti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pakiṇṇakanayo</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni imasmiṃyeva dvattiṃsākāre vaṇṇanāparicayapāṭavatthaṃ ayaṃ <span class="bld">pakiṇṇakanayo</span> veditabbo –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nimittato lakkhaṇato, dhātuto suññatopi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Khandhādito ca viññeyyo, dvattiṃsākāranicchayo’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="V0.0057"></a> <span class="bld">nimittato</span>ti evaṃ vuttappakāre imasmiṃ dvattiṃsākāre saṭṭhisataṃ nimittāni honti, yesaṃ vasena yogāvacaro dvattiṃsākāraṃ koṭṭhāsato pariggaṇhāti. Seyyathidaṃ – kesassa vaṇṇanimittaṃ, saṇṭhānanimittaṃ, disānimittaṃ, okāsanimittaṃ, paricchedanimittanti pañca nimittāni honti. Evaṃ lomādīsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Lakkhaṇato</span>ti dvattiṃsākāre aṭṭhavīsatisataṃ lakkhaṇāni honti, yesaṃ vasena yogāvacaro dvattiṃsākāraṃ lakkhaṇato manasi karoti<a name="M0.0061"></a>. Seyyathidaṃ – kesassa thaddhalakkhaṇaṃ, ābandhanalakkhaṇaṃ, uṇhattalakkhaṇaṃ, samudīraṇalakkhaṇanti cattāri lakkhaṇāni honti. Evaṃ lomādīsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhātuto</span>ti dvattiṃsākāre ‘‘chadhāturo, bhikkhave, ayaṃ purisapuggalo’’ti (ma. ni. 3.343-344) ettha vuttāsu dhātūsu aṭṭhavīsatisataṃ dhātuyo honti, yāsaṃ vasena yogāvacaro dvattiṃsākāraṃ dhātuto pariggaṇhāti. Seyyathidaṃ – yā kese thaddhatā, sā pathavīdhātu; yā ābandhanatā, sā āpodhātu; yā paripācanatā, sā tejodhātu; yā vitthambhanatā, sā vāyodhātūti catasso dhātuyo honti. Evaṃ lomādīsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Suññato</span>ti dvattiṃsākāre aṭṭhavīsatisataṃ suññatā honti, yāsaṃ vasena yogāvacaro dvattiṃsākāraṃ suññato vipassati. Seyyathidaṃ – kese tāva pathavīdhātu <a name="P0.0075"></a> āpodhātvādīhi suññā, tathā āpodhātvādayo pathavīdhātvādīhīti catasso suññatā honti. Evaṃ lomādīsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Khandhādito</span>ti dvattiṃsākāre kesādīsu khandhādivasena saṅgayhamānesu ‘‘kesā kati khandhā honti, kati āyatanāni, kati dhātuyo, kati saccāni, kati satipaṭṭhānānī’’ti evamādinā nayena vinicchayo veditabbo. Evañcassa vijānato tiṇakaṭṭhasamūho viya kāyo khāyati. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Natthi satto naro poso, puggalo nūpalabbhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Suññabhūto ayaṃ kāyo, tiṇakaṭṭhasamūpamo’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Athassa yā sā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Suññāgāraṃ paviṭṭhassa, santacittassa tādino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Amānusī rati hoti, sammā dhammaṃ vipassato’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ <a name="V0.0058"></a> amānusī rati vuttā, sā adūratarā hoti. Tato yaṃ taṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yato yato sammasati, khandhānaṃ udayabbayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Labhatī pītipāmojjaṃ, amataṃ taṃ vijānata’’nti. (dha. pa. 373-374) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ <a name="M0.0062"></a> vipassanāmayaṃ pītipāmojjāmataṃ vuttaṃ. Taṃ anubhavanto na cireneva ariyajanasevitaṃ ajarāmaraṃ nibbānāmataṃ sacchikarotīti.</p>
<p class="centered">Paramatthajotikāya khuddakapāṭha-aṭṭhakathāya</p>
<p class="centered">Dvattiṃsākāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="chapter">4. Kumārapañhavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="subhead">Aṭṭhuppatti</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="V0.0059"></a> <span class="bld">ekaṃ nāma ki</span>nti evamādīnaṃ kumārapañhānaṃ atthavaṇṇanākkamo anuppatto. Tesaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ idha nikkhepappayojanañca vatvā vaṇṇanaṃ karissāma –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aṭṭhuppatti tāva nesaṃ sopāko nāma bhagavato mahāsāvako ahosi. Tenāyasmatā jātiyā sattavasseneva aññā ārādhitā, tassa bhagavā pañhabyākaraṇena upasampadaṃ anuññātukāmo attanā adhippetatthānaṃ pañhānaṃ byākaraṇasamatthataṃ <a name="P0.0076"></a> passanto <span class="bld">‘‘ekaṃ nāma ki’’</span>nti evamādinā pañhe pucchi. So byākāsi. Tena ca byākaraṇena bhagavato cittaṃ ārādhesi. Sāva tassāyasmato upasampadā ahosi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ tesaṃ aṭṭhuppatti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Nikkhepappayojanaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā pana saraṇagamanehi buddhadhammasaṅghānussativasena cittabhāvanā, sikkhāpadehi sīlabhāvanā, dvattiṃsākārena ca kāyabhāvanā pakāsitā, tasmā idāni nānappakārato paññābhāvanāmukhadassanatthaṃ ime pañhabyākaraṇā idha nikkhittā. Yasmā vā sīlapadaṭṭhāno samādhi, samādhipadaṭṭhānā ca paññā; yathāha – ‘‘sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño, cittaṃ <a name="M0.0063"></a> paññañca bhāvaya’’nti (saṃ. ni. 1.23, 192), tasmā sikkhāpadehi sīlaṃ dvattiṃsākārena taṃgocaraṃ samādhiñca dassetvā samāhitacittassa nānādhammaparikkhārāya paññāya pabhedadassanatthaṃ idha nikkhittātipi viññātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ tesaṃ idha nikkhepappayojanaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pañhavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">Ekaṃ nāma kintipañhavaṇṇanā</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="V0.0060"></a> tesaṃ atthavaṇṇanā hoti – <span class="bld">ekaṃ nāma ki</span>nti bhagavā yasmiṃ ekadhammasmiṃ bhikkhu sammā nibbindamāno anupubbena dukkhassantakaro hoti, yasmiṃ cāyamāyasmā nibbindamāno anupubbena dukkhassantamakāsi, taṃ dhammaṃ sandhāya pañhaṃ pucchati. <span class="bld">‘‘Sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā’’</span>ti thero puggalādhiṭṭhānāya desanāya vissajjeti. ‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sammāsati? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.8) evamādīni cettha suttāni evaṃ vissajjanayuttisambhave sādhakāni. Ettha yenāhārena sabbe sattā ‘‘āhāraṭṭhitikā’’ti vuccanti, so āhāro taṃ vā nesaṃ āhāraṭṭhitikattaṃ ‘‘ekaṃ nāma ki’’nti puṭṭhena therena niddiṭṭhanti veditabbaṃ. Tañhi bhagavatā idha ekanti adhippetaṃ, na tu sāsane loke vā aññaṃ ekaṃ nāma natthīti ñāpetuṃ vuttaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ <a name="P0.0077"></a> bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ekadhamme, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sammā nibbindamāno sammā virajjamāno sammā vimuccamāno sammā pariyantadassāvī sammattaṃ abhisamecca diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhassantakaro hoti. Katamasmiṃ ekadhamme? Sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā. Imasmiṃ kho, bhikkhave, ekadhamme bhikkhu sammā nibbindamāno…pe… dukkhassantakaro hoti. ‘Eko pañho eko uddeso ekaṃ veyyākaraṇa’nti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vutta’’nti (a. ni. 10.27).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āhāraṭṭhitikāti cettha yathā ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, subhanimittaṃ. Tattha ayoniso manasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā kāmacchandassa uppādāyā’’ti evamādīsu (saṃ. ni. 5.232) paccayo āhāroti vuccati, evaṃ <a name="M0.0064"></a> paccayaṃ āhārasaddena gahetvā paccayaṭṭhitikā ‘‘āhāraṭṭhitikā’’ti vuttā. Cattāro pana āhāre sandhāya – ‘‘āhāraṭṭhitikā’’ti vuccamāne ‘‘asaññasattā devā ahetukā anāhārā aphassakā avedanakā’’ti vacanato (vibha. 1017) ‘‘sabbe’’ti vacanamayuttaṃ bhaveyya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha siyā – evampi vuccamāne ‘‘katame dhammā sapaccayā? Pañcakkhandhā – rūpakkhandho…pe… viññāṇakkhandho’’ti (dha. sa. 1089) vacanato khandhānaṃyeva paccayaṭṭhitikattaṃ yuttaṃ, sattānantu ayuttamevetaṃ vacanaṃ bhaveyyāti. Na kho panetaṃ evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Kasmā<a name="V0.0061"></a>? Sattesu khandhopacārasiddhito. Sattesu hi khandhopacāro siddho. Kasmā? Khandhe upādāya paññāpetabbato. Kathaṃ? Gehe gāmopacāro viya. Seyyathāpi hi gehāni upādāya paññāpetabbattā gāmassa ekasmimpi dvīsu tīsupi vā gehesu daḍḍhesu ‘‘gāmo daḍḍho’’ti evaṃ gehe gāmopacāro siddho, evameva khandhesu paccayaṭṭhena āhāraṭṭhitikesu <a name="P0.0078"></a> ‘‘sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā’’ti ayaṃ upacāro siddhoti veditabbo. Paramatthato ca khandhesu jāyamānesu jīyamānesu mīyamānesu ca ‘‘khaṇe khaṇe tvaṃ bhikkhu jāyase ca jīyase ca mīyase cā’’ti vadatā bhagavatā tesu sattesu khandhopacāro siddhoti dassito evāti veditabbo. Yato yena paccayākhyena āhārena sabbe sattā tiṭṭhanti, so āhāro taṃ vā nesaṃ āhāraṭṭhitikattaṃ ekanti veditabbaṃ. Āhāro hi āhāraṭṭhitikattaṃ vā aniccatākāraṇato nibbidāṭṭhānaṃ hoti. Atha tesu sabbasattasaññitesu saṅkhāresu aniccatādassanena nibbindamāno anupubbena dukkhassantakaro hoti, paramatthavisuddhiṃ pāpuṇāti. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccāti, yadā paññāya passati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atha nibbindati dukkhe, esa maggo visuddhiyā’’ti. (dha. pa. 277);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca ‘‘ekaṃ nāma ki’’nti ca ‘‘kihā’’ti ca duvidho pāṭho, tattha sīhaḷānaṃ kihāti pāṭho. Te hi ‘‘ki’’nti vattabbe ‘‘kihā’’ti vadanti. Keci bhaṇanti ‘‘ha-iti nipāto, theriyānampi ayameva pāṭho’’ti ubhayathāpi pana ekova attho. Yathā ruccati, tathā paṭhitabbaṃ. Yathā pana ‘‘sukhena phuṭṭho atha vā dukhena (dha. pa. 83), dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedetī’’ti evamādīsu <a name="M0.0065"></a> katthaci dukhanti ca katthaci dukkhanti ca vuccati, evaṃ katthaci ekanti, katthaci ekkanti vuccati. Idha pana ekaṃ nāmāti ayameva pāṭho.</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">Dve nāma kintipañhavaṇṇanā</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ iminā pañhabyākaraṇena āraddhacitto satthā purimanayeneva uttariṃ pañhaṃ pucchati <span class="bld">dve nāma ki</span>nti? Thero <span class="bld">dve</span>ti paccanubhāsitvā <span class="bld">‘‘nāmañca rūpañcā’’</span>ti dhammādhiṭṭhānāya desanāya vissajjeti. Tattha ārammaṇābhimukhaṃ namanato, cittassa ca natihetuto sabbampi <a name="P0.0079"></a> arūpaṃ ‘‘nāma’’nti vuccati. Idha pana nibbidāhetuttā sāsavadhammameva adhippetaṃ ruppanaṭṭhena cattāro ca mahābhūtā, sabbañca tadupādāya pavattamānaṃ rūpaṃ ‘‘rūpa’’nti vuccati, taṃ sabbampi idhādhippetaṃ. Adhippāyavaseneva cettha ‘‘dve nāma nāmañca rūpañcā’’ti vuttaṃ, na aññesaṃ dvinnamabhāvato. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Dvīsu<a name="V0.0062"></a>, bhikkhave, dhammesu bhikkhu sammā nibbindamāno…pe… dukkhassantakaro hoti. Katamesu dvīsu? Nāme ca rūpe ca. Imesu kho, bhikkhave, dvīsu dhammesu bhikkhu sammā nibbindamāno…pe… dukkhassantakaro hoti. ‘Dve pañhā, dve uddesā, dve veyyākaraṇānī’ti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vutta’’nti (a. ni. 10.27).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca nāmarūpamattadassanena attadiṭṭhiṃ pahāya anattānupassanāmukheneva nibbindamāno anupubbena dukkhassantakaro hoti, paramatthavisuddhiṃ pāpuṇātīti veditabbo. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbe dhammā anattāti, yadā paññāya passati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atha nibbindati dukkhe, esa maggo visuddhiyā’’ti. (dha. pa. 279);</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">Tīṇi nāma kintipañhavaṇṇanā</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni imināpi pañhabyākaraṇena āraddhacitto satthā purimanayeneva uttariṃ pañhaṃ pucchati <span class="bld">tīṇi nāma ki</span>nti? Thero <span class="bld">tīṇī</span>ti paccanubhāsitvā puna byākaritabbassa atthassa liṅgānurūpaṃ saṅkhyaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘tisso vedanā’’</span>ti vissajjeti. Atha vā ‘‘yā bhagavatā ‘tisso vedanā’ti vuttā, imāsamatthamahaṃ <a name="M0.0066"></a> tīṇīti paccemī’’ti dassento āhāti evampettha attho veditabbo. Anekamukhā hi desanā paṭisambhidāpabhedena desanāvilāsappattānaṃ. Keci panāhu ‘‘tīṇīti adhikapadamida’’nti. Purimanayeneva cettha ‘‘tisso vedanā’’ti vuttaṃ, na aññesaṃ tiṇṇamabhāvato. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Tīsu, bhikkhave, dhammesu bhikkhu sammā nibbindamāno…pe… dukkhassantakaro hoti. Katamesu tīsu? Tīsu vedanāsu. Imesu kho, bhikkhave, tīsu dhammesu bhikkhu sammā nibbindamāno…pe… dukkhassantakaro hoti. ‘Tayo pañhā, tayo uddesā, tīṇi veyyākaraṇānī’ti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ<a name="P0.0080"></a>, idametaṃ paṭicca vutta’’nti (a. ni. 10.27).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca ‘‘yaṃkiñci vedayitaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ dukkhasminti vadāmī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.259) vuttasuttānusārena vā. –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yo <a name="V0.0063"></a> sukhaṃ dukkhato adda, dukkhamaddakkhi sallato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Adukkhamasukhaṃ santaṃ, addakkhi naṃ aniccato’’ti. (itivu. 53) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ dukkhadukkhatāvipariṇāmadukkhatāsaṅkhāradukkhatānusārena vā tissannaṃ vedanānaṃ dukkhabhāvadassanena sukhasaññaṃ pahāya dukkhānupassanāmukhena nibbindamāno anupubbena dukkhassantakaro hoti, paramatthavisuddhiṃ pāpuṇātīti veditabbo. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhāti, yadā paññāya passati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atha nibbindati dukkhe, esa maggo visuddhiyā’’ti. (dha. pa. 278);</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">Cattāri nāma kintipañhavaṇṇanā</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ imināpi pañhabyākaraṇena āraddhacitto satthā purimanayeneva uttariṃ pañhaṃ pucchati <span class="bld">cattāri nāma ki</span>nti? Tattha imassa pañhassa byākaraṇapakkhe katthaci purimanayeneva cattāro āhārā adhippetā. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Catūsu<a name="M0.0067"></a>, bhikkhave, dhammesu bhikkhu sammā nibbindamāno…pe… dukkhassantakaro hoti. Katamesu catūsu? Catūsu āhāresu. Imesu kho, bhikkhave, catūsu dhammesu bhikkhu sammā nibbindamāno…pe… dukkhassantakaro hoti. ‘Cattāro pañhā cattāro uddesā cattāri veyyākaraṇānī’ti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vutta’’nti (a. ni. 10.27).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Katthaci yesu subhāvitacitto anupubbena dukkhassantakaro hoti, tāni cattāri satipaṭṭhānāni. Yathāha kajaṅgalā bhikkhunī –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Catūsu, āvuso, dhammesu bhikkhu sammā subhāvitacitto sammā pariyantadassāvī sammattaṃ abhisamecca diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhassantakaro <a name="P0.0081"></a> hoti. Katamesu catūsu? Catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu. Imesu kho, āvuso, catūsu dhammesu bhikkhu sammā subhāvitacitto…pe… dukkhassantakaro hoti. ‘Cattāro pañhā cattāro uddesā cattāri veyyākaraṇānī’ti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatā, idametaṃ paṭicca vutta’’nti (a. ni. 10.28).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idha <a name="V0.0064"></a> pana yesaṃ catunnaṃ anubodhappaṭivedhato bhavataṇhāchedo hoti, yasmā tāni cattāri ariyasaccāni adhippetāni. Yasmā vā iminā pariyāyena byākataṃ subyākatameva hoti, tasmā thero <span class="bld">cattārī</span>ti paccanubhāsitvā <span class="bld">‘‘ariyasaccānī’’</span>ti vissajjeti. Tattha <span class="bld">cattārī</span>ti gaṇanaparicchedo. <span class="bld">Ariyasaccānī</span>ti ariyāni saccāni, avitathāni avisaṃvādakānīti attho. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri ariyasaccāni tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni, tasmā ariyasaccānīti vuccantī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1097).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā vā sadevakena lokena araṇīyato abhigamanīyatoti vuttaṃ hoti, vāyamitabbaṭṭhānasaññite aye vā iriyanato, anaye vā na iriyanato, sattatiṃsabodhipakkhiyaariyadhammasamāyogato vā ariyasammatā buddhapaccekabuddhabuddhasāvakā etāni paṭivijjhanti, tasmāpi ‘‘ariyasaccānī’’ti vuccanti. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Cattārimāni<a name="M0.0068"></a>, bhikkhave, ariyasaccāni…pe… imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri ariyasaccāni, ariyā imāni paṭivijjhanti, tasmā ariyasaccānīti vuccantī’’ti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Apica ariyassa bhagavato saccānītipi ariyasaccāni. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Sadevake, bhikkhave…pe… sadevamanussāya tathāgato ariyo, tasmā ariyasaccānīti vuccantī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1098).</p>
<p class="unindented">Atha vā etesaṃ abhisambuddhattā ariyabhāvasiddhitopi ariyasaccāni. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ yathābhūtaṃ abhisambuddhattā tathāgato arahaṃ sammāsambuddhoti vuccatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1093).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayametesaṃ padattho. Etesaṃ pana ariyasaccānaṃ anubodhappaṭivedhato bhavataṇhāchedo <a name="P0.0082"></a> hoti. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Tayidaṃ<a name="V0.0065"></a>, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ anubuddhaṃ paṭividdhaṃ…pe… dukkhanirodhagāminipaṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ anubuddhaṃ paṭividdhaṃ, ucchinnā bhavataṇhā, khīṇā bhavanetti, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1091).</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">Pañca nāma kintipañhavaṇṇanā</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Imināpi pañhabyākaraṇena āraddhacitto satthā purimanayeneva uttariṃ pañhaṃ pucchati <span class="bld">pañca nāma ki</span>nti? Thero <span class="bld">pañcā</span>ti paccanubhāsitvā <span class="bld">‘‘upādānakkhandhā’’</span>ti vissajjeti. Tattha <span class="bld">pañcā</span>ti gaṇanaparicchedo. Upādānajanitā upādānajanakā vā khandhā upādānakkhandhā. Yaṃkiñci rūpaṃ, vedanā, saññā, saṅkhārā, viññāṇañca sāsavā upādāniyā, etesametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Pubbanayeneva cettha ‘‘pañcupādānakkhandhā’’ti vuttaṃ, na aññesaṃ pañcannamabhāvato. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Pañcasu, bhikkhave, dhammesu bhikkhu sammā nibbindamāno…pe… dukkhassantakaro hoti. Katamesu pañcasu? Pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu. Imesu kho, bhikkhave, pañcasu dhammesu bhikkhu sammā nibbindamāno…pe… dukkhassantakaro hoti. ‘Pañca pañhā, pañca uddesā<a name="M0.0069"></a>, pañca veyyākaraṇānī’ti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vutta’’nti (a. ni. 10.27).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca pañcakkhandhe udayabbayavasena sammasanto vipassanāmataṃ laddhā anupubbena nibbānāmataṃ sacchikaroti. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yato yato sammasati, khandhānaṃ udayabbayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Labhatī pītipāmojjaṃ, amataṃ taṃ vijānata’’nti. (dha. pa. 374);</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">Cha nāma kintipañhavaṇṇanā</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ imināpi pañhabyākaraṇena āraddhacitto satthā purimanayeneva uttariṃ pañhaṃ pucchati <span class="bld">‘‘cha nāma ki’’</span>nti? Thero <span class="bld">cha</span>iti paccanubhāsitvā <span class="bld">‘ajjhattikāni āyatanānī’</span>ti vissajjeti. Tattha <span class="bld">cha</span>iti gaṇanaparicchedo, ajjhatte niyuttāni, attānaṃ vā adhikatvā pavattāni <span class="bld">ajjhattikāni</span>. Āyatanato, āyassa vā tananato, āyatassa vā saṃsāradukkhassa <a name="P0.0083"></a> nayanato āyatanāni, cakkhusotaghānajivhākāyamanānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Pubbanayena cettha ‘‘cha ajjhattikāni āyatanānī’’ti vuttaṃ, na aññesaṃ channamabhāvato. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Chasu<a name="V0.0066"></a>, bhikkhave, dhammesu bhikkhu sammā nibbindamāno…pe… dukkhassantakaro hoti. Katamesu chasu? Chasu ajjhattikesu āyatanesu. Imesu kho, bhikkhave, chasu dhammesu bhikkhu sammā nibbindamāno…pe… dukkhassantakaro hoti. ‘Cha pañhā cha uddesā cha veyyākaraṇānī’ti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vutta’’nti (a. ni. 10.27).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni, ‘‘suñño gāmoti kho, bhikkhave, channetaṃ ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacana’’nti (saṃ. ni. 4.238) vacanato suññato pubbuḷakamarīcikādīni viya aciraṭṭhitikato tucchato vañcanato ca samanupassaṃ nibbindamāno anupubbena dukkhassantaṃ katvā maccurājassa adassanaṃ upeti. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yathā <a name="M0.0070"></a> pubbuḷakaṃ passe, yathā passe marīcikaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ lokaṃ avekkhantaṃ, maccurājā na passatī’’ti. (dha. pa. 170);</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">Satta nāma kintipañhavaṇṇanā</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Imināpi pañhabyākaraṇena āraddhacitto satthā uttariṃ pañhaṃ pucchati <span class="bld">satta nāma ki</span>nti? Thero kiñcāpi mahāpañhabyākaraṇe satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo vuttā, apica kho pana yesu dhammesu subhāvitacitto bhikkhu dukkhassantakaro hoti, te dassento <span class="bld">‘‘satta bojjhaṅgā’’</span>ti vissajjeti. Ayampi cattho bhagavatā anumato eva. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Paṇḍitā gahapatayo kajaṅgalikā bhikkhunī, mahāpaññā gahapatayo kajaṅgalikā bhikkhunī, mañcepi tumhe gahapatayo upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyātha, ahampi cetaṃ evameva byākareyyaṃ, yathā taṃ kajaṅgalikāya <a name="P0.0084"></a> bhikkhuniyā byākata’’nti (a. ni. 10.28).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tāya ca evaṃ byākataṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Sattasu, āvuso, dhammesu bhikkhu sammā subhāvitacitto…pe… dukkhassantakaro hoti. Katamesu sattasu? Sattasu bojjhaṅgesu. Imesu kho, āvuso, sattasu dhammesu bhikkhu sammā subhāvitacitto…pe… dukkhassantakaro hoti. ‘Satta pañhā <a name="V0.0067"></a> satta uddesā satta veyyākaraṇānī’ti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatā, idametaṃ paṭicca vutta’’nti (a. ni. 10.28).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamayamattho bhagavatā anumato evāti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">sattā</span>ti ūnādhikanivāraṇagaṇanaparicchedo. <span class="bld">Bojjhaṅgā</span>ti satiādīnaṃ dhammānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ padattho – etāya lokiyalokuttaramaggakkhaṇe uppajjamānāya līnuddhaccapatiṭṭhānāyūhanakāmasukhattakilamathānuyogaucchedasassatābhinivesādi- anekupaddavappaṭipakkhabhūtāya satidhammavicayavīriyapītippassaddhisamādhupekkhāsaṅkhātāya dhammasāmaggiyā ariyasāvako bujjhatīti katvā <span class="bld">bodhi,</span> kilesasantānaniddāya uṭṭhahati, cattāri vā ariyasaccāni paṭivijjhati, nibbānameva vā sacchikarotīti vuttaṃ hoti. Yathāha – ‘‘satta bojjhaṅge bhāvetvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ <a name="M0.0071"></a> abhisambuddho’’ti. Yathāvuttappakārāya vā etāya dhammasāmaggiyā bujjhatīti katvā ariyasāvakopi <span class="bld">bodhi</span>. Iti tassā dhammasāmaggisaṅkhātāya bodhiyā aṅgabhūtattā <span class="bld">bojjhaṅgā</span> jhānaṅgamaggaṅgāni viya, tassa vā bodhīti laddhavohārassa ariyasāvakassa aṅgabhūtattāpi <span class="bld">bojjhaṅgā</span> senaṅgarathaṅgādayo viya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica <span class="bld">‘‘bojjhaṅgā</span>ti kenaṭṭhena bojjhaṅgā? Bodhāya saṃvattantīti bojjhaṅgā, bujjhantīti bojjhaṅgā, anubujjhantīti bojjhaṅgā, paṭibujjhantīti bojjhaṅgā, sambujjhantīti bojjhaṅgā’’ti (paṭi. ma. 2.17) imināpi paṭisambhidāyaṃ vuttena vidhinā bojjhaṅgānaṃ bojjhaṅgaṭṭho veditabbo. Evamime satta bojjhaṅge bhāvento bahulīkaronto na cirasseva ekantanibbidādiguṇapaṭilābhī hoti, tena diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhassantakaro hotīti vuccati<a name="P0.0085"></a>. Vuttañcetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Sattime, bhikkhave, bojjhaṅgā bhāvitā bahulīkatā ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattantī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.201).</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">Aṭṭha nāma kintipañhavaṇṇanā</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ imināpi pañhabyākaraṇena āraddhacitto satthā uttariṃ pañhaṃ pucchati <span class="bld">aṭṭha nāma ki</span>nti? Thero kiñcāpi mahāpañhabyākaraṇe aṭṭha lokadhammā vuttā, apica kho pana yesu dhammesu <a name="V0.0068"></a> subhāvitacitto bhikkhu dukkhassantakaro hoti, te dassento ‘‘ariyāni aṭṭha maggaṅgānī’’ti avatvā yasmā aṭṭhaṅgavinimutto maggo nāma natthi, aṭṭhaṅgamattameva tu maggo, tasmā tamatthaṃ sādhento desanāvilāsena <span class="bld">ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo</span>ti vissajjeti. Bhagavatāpi cāyamattho desanānayo ca anumato eva. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Paṇḍitā gahapatayo kajaṅgalikā bhikkhunī…pe… ahampi evameva byākareyyaṃ, yathā taṃ kajaṅgalikāya bhikkhuniyā byākata’’nti (a. ni. 10.28).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tāya <a name="M0.0072"></a> ca evaṃ byākataṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Aṭṭhasu, āvuso, dhammesu bhikkhu sammā subhāvitacitto…pe… dukkhassantakaro hoti. ‘Aṭṭha pañhā, aṭṭha uddesā, aṭṭha veyyākaraṇānī’ti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatā, idametaṃ paṭicca vutta’’nti (a. ni. 10.28).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamayaṃ attho ca desanānayo ca bhagavatā anumato evāti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">ariyo</span>ti nibbānatthikehi abhigantabbo, apica ārakā kilesehi vattanato, ariyabhāvakaraṇato, ariyaphalapaṭilābhato cāpi ariyoti veditabbo. Aṭṭha aṅgāni assāti <span class="bld">aṭṭhaṅgiko</span>. Svāyaṃ caturaṅgikā viya senā, pañcaṅgikaṃ viya ca tūriyaṃ aṅgavinibbhogena anupalabbhasabhāvato aṅgamattamevāti veditabbo. Maggati iminā nibbānaṃ, sayaṃ vā maggati, kilese mārento vā gacchatīti <span class="bld">maggo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamaṭṭhappabhedañcimaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bhāvento bhikkhu <a name="P0.0086"></a> avijjaṃ bhindati, vijjaṃ uppādeti, nibbānaṃ sacchikaroti, tena diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhassantakaro hotīti vuccati. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, sālisūkaṃ vā yavasūkaṃ vā sammā paṇihitaṃ hatthena vā pādena vā akkantaṃ hatthaṃ vā pādaṃ vā bhecchati, lohitaṃ vā uppādessatīti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati. Taṃ kissa hetu? Sammā paṇihitattā, bhikkhave, sūkassa, evameva kho, bhikkhave<a name="V0.0069"></a>, so vata bhikkhu sammā paṇihitāya diṭṭhiyā sammā paṇihitāya maggabhāvanāya avijjaṃ bhecchati, vijjaṃ uppādessati, nibbānaṃ sacchikarissatīti ṭhānametaṃ vijjatī’’ti (a. ni. 1.42).</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">Nava nāma kintipañhavaṇṇanā</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Imināpi pañhabyākaraṇena āraddhacitto satthā uttariṃ pañhaṃ pucchati <span class="bld">nava nāma ki</span>nti? Thero <span class="bld">nava</span>iti paccanubhāsitvā <span class="bld">‘‘sattāvāsā’’</span>ti vissajjeti. Tattha <span class="bld">navā</span>ti gaṇanaparicchedo. <span class="bld">Sattā</span>ti jīvitindriyappaṭibaddhe khandhe <a name="M0.0073"></a> upādāya paññattā pāṇino paṇṇatti vā. <span class="bld">Āvāsā</span>ti āvasanti etesūti āvāsā, sattānaṃ āvāsā sattāvāsā. Esa desanāmaggo, atthato pana navavidhānaṃ sattānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Santāvuso, sattā nānattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi manussā ekacce ca devā ekacce ca vinipātikā, ayaṃ paṭhamo sattāvāso. Santāvuso, sattā nānattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathāpi, devā brahmakāyikā, paṭhamābhinibbattā, ayaṃ dutiyo sattāvāso. Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi, devā ābhassarā, ayaṃ tatiyo sattāvāso. Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathāpi, devā subhakiṇhā, ayaṃ catuttho sattāvāso. Santāvuso, sattā asaññino appaṭisaṃvedino, seyyathāpi, devā asaññasattā, ayaṃ pañcamo sattāvāso. Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ…pe… ākāsānañcāyatanūpagā<a name="P0.0087"></a>, ayaṃ chaṭṭho sattāvāso. Santāvuso, sattā…pe… viññāṇañcāyatanūpagā, ayaṃ sattamo sattāvāso. Santāvuso, sattā…pe… ākiñcaññāyatanūpagā, ayaṃ aṭṭhamo sattāvāso. Santāvuso, sattā…pe… nevasaññānāsaññāyatanūpagā, ayaṃ navamo sattāvāso’’ti (dī. ni. 3.341).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Purimanayeneva cettha ‘‘nava sattāvāsā’’ti vuttaṃ, na aññesaṃ navannamabhāvato. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Navasu, bhikkhave, dhammesu bhikkhu sammā nibbindamāno…pe… dukkhassantakaro hoti. Katamesu navasu? Navasu sattāvāsesu. Imesu kho, bhikkhave, navasu dhammesu bhikkhu sammā nibbindamāno…pe… dukkhassantakaro hoti. ‘Nava pañhā<a name="V0.0070"></a>, nava uddesā, nava veyyākaraṇānī’ti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vutta’’nti (a. ni. 10.27).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha <a name="M0.0074"></a> ca ‘‘nava dhammā pariññeyyā. Katame nava? Nava sattāvāsā’’ti (dī. ni. 3.359) vacanato navasu sattāvāsesu ñātapariññāya dhuvasubhasukhattabhāvadassanaṃ pahāya suddhasaṅkhārapuñjamattadassanena nibbindamāno tīraṇapariññāya aniccānupassanena virajjamāno dukkhānupassanena vimuccamāno anattānupassanena sammā pariyantadassāvī pahānapariññāya sammattamabhisamecca diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhassantakaro hoti. Tenetaṃ vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Navasu, bhikkhave, dhammesu bhikkhu sammā nibbindamāno…pe… diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhassantakaro hoti. Katamesu navasu? Navasu sattāvāsesū’’ti (a. ni. 10.27).</p>
<p class="centered"><span class="bld">Dasa nāma kintipañhavaṇṇanā</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ imināpi pañhabyākaraṇena āraddhacitto satthā uttariṃ pañhaṃ pucchati <span class="bld">dasa nāma ki</span>nti? Tattha kiñcāpi imassa pañhassa ito aññatra veyyākaraṇesu dasa akusalakammapathā vuttā. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Dasasu, bhikkhave, dhammesu bhikkhu sammā nibbindamāno…pe… dukkhassantakaro hoti. Katamesu dasasu? Dasasu akusalakammapathesu. Imesu kho, bhikkhave, dasasu dhammesu bhikkhu sammā nibbindamāno…pe. <a name="P0.0088"></a>… dukkhassantakaro hoti. ‘Dasa pañhā dasa uddesā dasa veyyākaraṇānī’ti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vutta’’nti (a. ni. 10.27).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idha pana yasmā ayamāyasmā attānaṃ anupanetvā aññaṃ byākātukāmo, yasmā vā iminā pariyāyena byākataṃ subyākatameva hoti, tasmā yehi dasahi aṅgehi samannāgato arahāti pavuccati, tesaṃ adhigamaṃ dīpento <span class="bld">dasahaṅgehi samannāgato arahāti pavuccatī</span>ti puggalādhiṭṭhānāya desanāya vissajjeti. Yato ettha yehi dasahi aṅgehi samannāgato arahāti pavuccati, tāni dasaṅgāni ‘‘dasa nāma ki’’nti puṭṭhena therena niddiṭṭhānīti veditabbāni. Tāni ca dasa –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Asekho <a name="V0.0071"></a> asekhoti, bhante, vuccati, kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, bhikkhu asekho hotīti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu asekhāya <a name="M0.0075"></a> sammādiṭṭhiyā samannāgato hoti, asekhena sammāsaṅkappena samannāgato hoti, asekhāya sammāvācāya samannāgato hoti, asekhena sammākammantena samannāgato hoti, asekhena sammāājīvena samannāgato hoti, asekhena sammāvāyāmena samannāgato hoti, asekhāya sammāsatiyā samannāgato hoti, asekhena sammāsamādhinā samannāgato hoti, asekhena sammāñāṇena samannāgato hoti, asekhāya sammāvimuttiyā samannāgato hoti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu asekho hotī’’ti (a. ni. 10.111). –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādīsu suttesu vuttanayeneva veditabbānīti.</p>
<p class="centered">Paramatthajotikāya khuddakapāṭha-aṭṭhakathāya</p>
<p class="centered">Kumārapañhavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="chapter">5. Maṅgalasuttavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="subhead">Nikkhepappayojanaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="V0.0072"></a> kumārapañhānantaraṃ nikkhittassa maṅgalasuttassa atthavaṇṇanākkamo anuppatto, tassa idha nikkhepappayojanaṃ vatvā atthavaṇṇanaṃ karissāma. Seyyathidaṃ – idañhi suttaṃ iminā anukkamena bhagavatā avuttampi yvāyaṃ saraṇagamanehi sāsanotāro, sikkhāpadadvattiṃsākārakumārapañhehi <a name="P0.0089"></a> ca sīlasamādhipaññāppabhedanayo dassito, sabbopesa paramamaṅgalabhūto, yato maṅgalatthikena ettheva abhiyogo kātabbo, so cassa maṅgalabhāvo iminā suttānusārena veditabboti dassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idamassa idha nikkhepappayojanaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M0.0076"></a> nikkhittassa panassa atthavaṇṇanatthaṃ ayaṃ mātikā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vuttaṃ yena yadā yasmā, cetaṃ vatvā imaṃ vidhiṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evamiccādipāṭhassa, atthaṃ nānappakārato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vaṇṇayanto samuṭṭhānaṃ, vatvā yaṃ yattha maṅgalaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vavatthapetvā taṃ tassa, maṅgalattaṃ vibhāvaye’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">‘‘vuttaṃ yena yadā yasmā, cetaṃ vatvā imaṃ vidhi’’</span>nti ayaṃ tāva addhagāthā yadidaṃ ‘‘evaṃ me sutaṃ ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā…pe… bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsī’’ti, idaṃ vacanaṃ sandhāya vuttā. Idañhi anussavavasena vuttaṃ, so ca bhagavā sayambhū anācariyako, tasmā nedaṃ tassa bhagavato vacanaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassa. Yato vattabbametaṃ ‘‘idaṃ vacanaṃ kena vuttaṃ<a name="V0.0073"></a>, kadā, kasmā ca vutta’’nti. Vuccate – āyasmatā ānandena vuttaṃ, tañca paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti cesā sabbasuttanidānakosallatthamādito pabhuti evaṃ veditabbā. Dhammacakkappavattanañhi ādiṃ katvā yāva subhaddaparibbājakavinayanā, katabuddhakicce kusinārāyaṃ upavattane mallānaṃ sālavane yamakasālānamantare visākhapuṇṇamadivase paccūsasamaye anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbute, bhagavati lokanāthe bhagavato parinibbāne sannipatitānaṃ sattannaṃ bhikkhusatasahassānaṃ saṅghatthero āyasmā mahākassapo sattāhaparinibbute <a name="P0.0090"></a> bhagavati subhaddena vuḍḍhapabbajitena ‘‘alaṃ, āvuso, mā socittha, mā paridevittha, sumuttā mayaṃ tena mahāsamaṇena, upaddutā ca homa ‘idaṃ vo kappati idaṃ vo na kappatī’ti, idāni pana mayaṃ yaṃ icchissāma taṃ karissāma, yaṃ na icchissāma na taṃ karissāmā’’ti (cūḷava. 437; dī. ni. 2.232) vuttavacanamanussaranto ‘‘ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati yaṃ pāpabhikkhū ‘atītasatthukaṃ pāvacana’nti maññamānā pakkhaṃ labhitvā na cirasseva saddhammaṃ antaradhāpeyyuṃ. Yāva ca dhammavinayo tiṭṭhati, tāva anatītasatthukameva pāvacanaṃ hoti. Yathāha bhagavā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yo <a name="M0.0077"></a> vo, ānanda, mayā dhammo ca vinayo ca desito paññatto, so vo mamaccayena satthā’’ti (dī. ni. 2.216).</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Yaṃnūnāhaṃ dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyeyyaṃ, yathayidaṃ sāsanaṃ addhaniyaṃ assa ciraṭṭhitikaṃ’’.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yañcāhaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Dhāressasi pana me tvaṃ, kassapa, sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’’ti vatvā cīvare sādhāraṇaparibhogena ceva –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi, kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati vivicceva kāmehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’ti –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamādinā <a name="V0.0074"></a> nayena navānupubbavihārachaḷabhiññāppabhede uttarimanussadhamme attanā samasamaṭṭhapanena ca anuggahito, tassa me kimaññaṃ āṇaṇyaṃ bhavissati? ‘‘Nanu maṃ bhagavā rājā viya sakakavacaissariyānuppadānena attano kulavaṃsappatiṭṭhāpakaṃ puttaṃ ‘saddhammavaṃsappatiṭṭhāpako me ayaṃ bhavissatī’ti mantvā iminā asādhāraṇena anuggahena anuggahesī’’ti cintayanto dhammavinayasaṅgāyanatthaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ <a name="P0.0091"></a> ussāhaṃ janesi? Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo bhikkhū āmantesi – ekamidāhaṃ, āvuso, samayaṃ pāvāya kusināraṃ addhānamaggappaṭipanno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehī’’ti (dī. ni. 2.231; cūḷava. 437) sabbaṃ <span class="bld">subhaddakaṇḍaṃ</span> vitthāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato paraṃ āha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Handa mayaṃ, āvuso, dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyeyyāma, pure adhammo dippati, dhammo paṭibāhiyyati, avinayo dippati, vinayo paṭibāhiyyati, pure adhammavādino balavanto honti, dhammavādino dubbalā honti, avinayavādino balavanto honti, vinayavādino dubbalā hontī’’ti (cūḷava. 437).</p>
<p class="indent">Bhikkhū <a name="M0.0078"></a> āhaṃsu ‘‘tena hi, bhante, thero bhikkhū uccinatū’’ti. Thero sakalanavaṅgasatthusāsanapariyattidhare puthujjanasotāpannasakadāgāmianāgāmisukkhavipassakakhīṇāsavabhikkhū anekasate anekasahasse ca vajjetvā tipiṭakasabbapariyattippabhedadhare paṭisambhidāppatte mahānubhāve yebhuyyena bhagavatā etadaggaṃ āropite tevijjādibhede khīṇāsavabhikkhūyeva ekūnapañcasate pariggahesi. Ye sandhāya idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo ekenūnapañcaarahantasatāni uccinī’’ti (cūḷava. 437).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kissa pana thero ekenūnamakāsīti? Āyasmato ānandattherassa okāsakaraṇatthaṃ. Tena hāyasmatā sahāpi vināpi na sakkā dhammasaṅgīti kātuṃ. So hāyasmā sekho sakaraṇīyo, tasmā saha na sakkā, yasmā panassa kiñci dasabaladesitaṃ suttageyyādikaṃ bhagavato asammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ nāma natthi, tasmā vināpi na sakkā. Yadi evaṃ sekhopi samāno dhammasaṅgītiyā bahūkārattā therena uccinitabbo assa, atha kasmā na uccinitoti? Parūpavādavivajjanato<a name="V0.0075"></a>. Thero hi āyasmante <a name="P0.0092"></a> ānande ativiya vissattho ahosi. Tathā hi naṃ sirasmiṃ palitesu jātesupi ‘‘na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.154) kumārakavādena ovadati. Sakyakulappasuto cāyaṃ āyasmā tathāgatassa bhātā cūḷapitu putto, tatra bhikkhū chandāgamanaṃ viya maññamānā ‘‘bahū asekhapaṭisambhidāppatte bhikkhū ṭhapetvā ānandaṃ sekhapaṭisambhidāppattaṃ thero uccinī’’ti upavadeyyuṃ. Taṃ parūpavādaṃ parivivajjento ‘‘ānandaṃ vinā saṅgīti na sakkā kātuṃ, bhikkhūnaṃyeva anumatiyā gahessāmī’’ti na uccini.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha sayameva bhikkhū ānandassatthāya theraṃ yāciṃsu. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘ayaṃ, bhante, āyasmā ānando kiñcāpi sekho, abhabbo chandā dosā mohā bhayā agatiṃ gantuṃ, bahu cānena bhagavato santike dhammo ca vinayo ca pariyatto, tena hi, bhante, thero <a name="M0.0079"></a> āyasmantampi ānandaṃ uccinatū’ti. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo āyasmantampi ānandaṃ uccinī’’ti (cūḷava. 437).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anumatiyā uccinitena tenāyasmatā saddhiṃ pañcatherasatāni ahesuṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha kho therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kattha nu kho mayaṃ dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyeyyāmā’’ti. Atha kho therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi ‘‘rājagahaṃ kho mahāgocaraṃ pahūtasenāsanaṃ, yaṃnūna mayaṃ rājagahe vassaṃ vasantā dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyeyyāma, naññe bhikkhū rājagahe vassaṃ upagaccheyyu’’nti. Kasmā pana nesaṃ etadahosi? Idaṃ amhākaṃ thāvarakammaṃ, koci visabhāgapuggalo <a name="P0.0093"></a> saṅghamajjhaṃ pavisitvā ukkoṭeyyāti. Athāyasmā mahākassapo ñattidutiyena kammena sāvesi. Taṃ <span class="bld">saṅgītikkhandhake</span> (cūḷava. 437) vuttanayeneva ñātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha tathāgatassa parinibbānato sattasu sādhukīḷanadivasesu sattasu ca dhātupūjādivasesu vītivattesu ‘‘aḍḍhamāso atikkanto, idāni gimhānaṃ diyaḍḍho māso seso, upakaṭṭhā vassūpanāyikā’’ti mantvā mahākassapatthero ‘‘rājagahaṃ, āvuso, gacchāmā’’ti upaḍḍhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ gahetvā ekaṃ maggaṃ gato. Anuruddhattheropi upaḍḍhaṃ gahetvā ekaṃ maggaṃ gato, ānandatthero <a name="V0.0076"></a> pana bhagavato pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto sāvatthiṃ gantvā rājagahaṃ gantukāmo yena sāvatthi, tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Ānandattherena gatagataṭṭhāne mahāparidevo ahosi, ‘‘bhante ānanda, kuhiṃ satthāraṃ ṭhapetvā āgatosī’’ti? Anupubbena sāvatthiṃ anuppatte there bhagavato parinibbānasamaye viya mahāparidevo ahosi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra sudaṃ āyasmā ānando aniccatādipaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya taṃ mahājanaṃ saññāpetvā jetavanaṃ pavisitvā dasabalena vasitagandhakuṭiyā dvāraṃ vivaritvā mañcapīṭhaṃ nīharitvā papphoṭetvā gandhakuṭiṃ sammajjitvā milātamālākacavaraṃ chaḍḍetvā mañcapīṭhaṃ atiharitvā puna yathāṭhāne ṭhapetvā bhagavato ṭhitakāle karaṇīyaṃ vattaṃ sabbamakāsi. Atha <a name="M0.0080"></a> thero bhagavato parinibbānato pabhuti ṭhānanisajjabahulattā ussannadhātukaṃ kāyaṃ samassāsetuṃ dutiyadivase khīravirecanaṃ pivitvā vihāreyeva nisīdi, yaṃ sandhāya subhena māṇavena pahitaṃ māṇavakaṃ etadavoca –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Akālo kho, māṇavaka, atthi <a name="P0.0094"></a> me ajja bhesajjamattā pītā, appeva nāma svepi upasaṅkameyyāmā’’ti (dī. ni. 1.447).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dutiyadivase cetakattherena pacchāsamaṇena gantvā subhena māṇavena puṭṭho dīghanikāye <span class="bld">subhasuttaṃ</span> nāma dasamaṃ suttamabhāsi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha kho thero jetavane vihāre khaṇḍaphullappaṭisaṅkharaṇaṃ kārāpetvā upakaṭṭhāya vassūpanāyikāya rājagahaṃ gato. Tathā mahākassapatthero anuruddhatthero ca sabbaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ gahetvā rājagahameva gatā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tena kho pana samayena rājagahe aṭṭhārasa mahāvihārā honti. Te sabbepi chaḍḍitapatitauklāpā ahesuṃ. Bhagavato hi parinibbāne sabbe bhikkhū attano attano pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā vihāre ca pariveṇe ca chaḍḍetvā agamaṃsu. Tattha therā bhagavato vacanapūjanatthaṃ titthiyavādaparimocanatthañca ‘‘paṭhamaṃ māsaṃ khaṇḍaphullappaṭisaṅkharaṇaṃ karomā’’ti cintesuṃ. Titthiyā hi vadeyyuṃ ‘‘samaṇassa gotamassa sāvakā satthari ṭhiteyeva vihāre paṭijaggiṃsu, parinibbute chaḍḍesu’’nti. Tesaṃ vādaparimocanatthañca cintesunti vuttaṃ hoti. Vuttampi cetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Atha kho therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – bhagavatā kho, āvuso, khaṇḍaphullappaṭisaṅkharaṇaṃ <a name="V0.0077"></a> vaṇṇitaṃ, handa mayaṃ, āvuso, paṭhamaṃ māsaṃ khaṇḍaphullappaṭisaṅkharaṇaṃ karoma, majjhimaṃ māsaṃ sannipatitvā dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyissāmā’’ti (cūḷava. 438).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Te dutiyadivase gantvā rājadvāre aṭṭhaṃsu. Ajātasattu rājā āgantvā vanditvā ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, kiṃ karomi, kenattho’’ti pavāresi. Therā aṭṭhārasamahāvihārappaṭisaṅkharaṇatthāya hatthakammaṃ paṭivedesuṃ. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti rājā hatthakammakārake manusse adāsi. Therā paṭhamaṃ māsaṃ sabbavihāre paṭisaṅkharāpesuṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha <a name="M0.0081"></a> rañño ārocesuṃ – ‘‘niṭṭhitaṃ, mahārāja, vihārappaṭisaṅkharaṇaṃ<a name="P0.0095"></a>, idāni dhammavinayasaṅgahaṃ karomā’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante, vissatthā karotha, mayhaṃ āṇācakkaṃ, tumhākaṃ dhammacakkaṃ hotu. Āṇāpetha, bhante, kiṃ karomī’’ti? ‘‘Dhammasaṅgahaṃ karontānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sannisajjaṭṭhānaṃ mahārājā’’ti. ‘‘Kattha karomi, bhante’’ti? ‘‘Vebhārapabbatapasse sattapaṇṇiguhādvāre kātuṃ yuttaṃ mahārājā’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho, rājā ajātasattu, vissakammunā nimmitasadisaṃ suvibhattabhittithambhasopānaṃ nānāvidhamālākammalatākammavicitraṃ mahāmaṇḍapaṃ kārāpetvā vividhakusumadāmaolambakaviniggalantacāruvitānaṃ ratanavicitramaṇikoṭṭimatalamiva ca naṃ nānāpupphūpahāravicitraṃ supariniṭṭhitabhūmikammaṃ brahmavimānasadisaṃ alaṅkaritvā tasmiṃ mahāmaṇḍape pañcasatānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anagghāni pañcakappiyapaccattharaṇasatāni paññāpetvā dakkhiṇabhāgaṃ nissāya uttarābhimukhaṃ therāsanaṃ, maṇḍapamajjhe puratthābhimukhaṃ buddhassa bhagavato āsanārahaṃ dhammāsanaṃ paññāpetvā dantakhacitaṃ cittabījaniñcettha ṭhapetvā bhikkhusaṅghassa ārocāpesi ‘‘niṭṭhitaṃ, bhante, kicca’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āhaṃsu ‘‘sve, āvuso ānanda, saṅghasannipāto, tvañca sekho sakaraṇīyo, tena te na yuttaṃ sannipātaṃ gantuṃ, appamatto hohī’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā ānando ‘‘sve sannipāto, na kho pana metaṃ patirūpaṃ, yvāhaṃ sekho samāno sannipātaṃ gaccheyya’’nti bahudeva rattiṃ kāyagatāya satiyā vītināmetvā rattiyā paccūsasamaye caṅkamā orohitvā vihāraṃ pavisitvā ‘‘nipajjissāmī’’ti kāyaṃ āvajjesi. Dve pādā bhūmito muttā, appattañca sīsaṃ bimbohanaṃ, etasmiṃ antare anupādāya <a name="P0.0096"></a> āsavehi cittaṃ vimucci. Ayañhi āyasmā caṅkamena bahi vītināmetvā visesaṃ nibbattetuṃ asakkonto cintesi ‘‘nanu maṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘katapuññosi tvaṃ, ānanda, padhānamanuyuñja, khippaṃ hohisi <a name="V0.0078"></a> anāsavo’ti (dī. ni. 2.207). Buddhānañca kathādoso nāma natthi, mama pana accāraddhaṃ vīriyaṃ, tena me cittaṃ uddhaccāya saṃvattati, handāhaṃ vīriyasamataṃ yojemī’’ti caṅkamā orohitvā pādadhovanaṭṭhāne ṭhatvā pāde dhovitvā vihāraṃ pavisitvā mañcake nisīditvā ‘‘thokaṃ vissamissāmī’’ti kāyaṃ mañcake upanāmesi. Dve pādā <a name="M0.0082"></a> bhūmito muttā, sīsañca bimbohanamasampattaṃ, etasmiṃ antare anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimucci. Catuiriyāpathavirahitaṃ therassa arahattaṃ. Tena ‘‘imasmiṃ sāsane anisinno anipanno aṭṭhito acaṅkamanto ko bhikkhu arahattaṃ patto’’ti vutte ‘‘ānandatthero’’ti vattuṃ vaṭṭati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha therā bhikkhū dutiyadivase bhattakiccaṃ katvā pattacīvaraṃ paṭisāmetvā dhammasabhāyaṃ sannipatitā. Ānandatthero pana attano arahattappattiṃ ñāpetukāmo bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ na gato. Bhikkhū yathāvuḍḍhaṃ attano attano pattāsane nisīdantā ānandattherassa āsanaṃ ṭhapetvā nisinnā. Tattha kehici ‘‘etamāsanaṃ kassā’’ti vutte ānandassāti. ‘‘Ānando pana kuhiṃ gato’’ti. Tasmiṃ samaye thero cintesi ‘‘idāni mayhaṃ gamanakālo’’ti. Tato attano ānubhāvaṃ dassento pathaviyaṃ nimujjitvā attano āsaneyeva attānaṃ dassesi. Ākāsenāgantvā nisīdītipi eke.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ nisinne tasmiṃ āyasmante mahākassapatthero bhikkhū āmantesi, ‘‘āvuso, kiṃ paṭhamaṃ saṅgāyāma dhammaṃ vā vinayaṃ vā’’ti? Bhikkhū āhaṃsu, ‘‘bhante mahākassapa, <span class="bld">vinayonāmabuddhasāsanassa āyu, vinaye ṭhite sāsanaṃ ṭhitaṃ hoti,</span> tasmā paṭhamaṃ vinayaṃ saṅgāyāmā’’ti. ‘‘Kaṃ dhuraṃ katvā vinayo saṅgāyitabbo’’ti? ‘‘Āyasmantaṃ upāli’’nti<a name="P0.0097"></a>. ‘‘Kiṃ ānando nappahotī’’ti? ‘‘No nappahoti, apica kho pana sammāsambuddho dharamānoyeva vinayapariyattiṃ nissāya āyasmantaṃ upāliṃ etadagge ṭhapesi – ‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vinayadharānaṃ yadidaṃ upālī’’’ti (a. ni. 1.228). Tasmā upālittheraṃ pucchitvā vinayaṃ saṅgāyāmāti. Tato thero vinayaṃ pucchanatthāya attanāva attānaṃ sammanni. Upālittheropi vissajjanatthāya sammanni. Tatrāyaṃ pāḷi –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo saṅghaṃ ñāpesi –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Suṇātu me, āvuso, saṅgho, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ upāliṃ vinayaṃ puccheyya’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āyasmāpi <a name="V0.0079"></a><a name="M0.0083"></a> upāli saṅghaṃ ñāpesi –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ āyasmatā mahākassapena vinayaṃ puṭṭho vissajjeyya’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ attanāva attānaṃ sammannitvā āyasmā, upāli, uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā there bhikkhū vanditvā dhammāsane nisīdi dantakhacitaṃ bījaniṃ gahetvā. Tato mahākassapatthero upālittheraṃ paṭhamapārājikaṃ ādiṃ katvā sabbaṃ vinayaṃ pucchi, upālitthero vissajjesi. Sabbe pañcasatā bhikkhū paṭhamapārājikasikkhāpadaṃ sanidānaṃ katvā ekato gaṇasajjhāyamakaṃsu. Evaṃ sesānipīti sabbaṃ vinayaṭṭhakathāya gahetabbaṃ. Etena nayena saubhatovibhaṅgaṃ sakhandhakaparivāraṃ sakalaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ saṅgāyitvā upālitthero dantakhacitaṃ bījaniṃ nikkhipitvā dhammāsanā orohitvā vuḍḍhe bhikkhū vanditvā attano pattāsane nisīdi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vinayaṃ saṅgāyitvā dhammaṃ saṅgāyitukāmo āyasmā mahākassapatthero bhikkhū pucchi – ‘‘dhammaṃ saṅgāyantehi kaṃ puggalaṃ dhuraṃ katvā dhammo saṅgāyitabbo’’ti? Bhikkhū ‘‘ānandattheraṃ dhuraṃ katvā’’ti āhaṃsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo saṅghaṃ ñāpesi –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Suṇātu me, āvuso, saṅgho, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ ānandaṃ dhammaṃ puccheyya’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha kho āyasmā ānando saṅghaṃ ñāpesi –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ āyasmatā mahākassapena dhammaṃ puṭṭho vissajjeyya’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha kho āyasmā ānando uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā there bhikkhū vanditvā dhammāsane nisīdi dantakhacitaṃ bījaniṃ gahetvā. Atha mahākassapatthero ānandattheraṃ dhammaṃ pucchi <a name="V0.0080"></a> – ‘‘brahmajālaṃ, āvuso ānanda, kattha bhāsita’’nti? ‘‘Antarā ca, bhante, rājagahaṃ antarā ca nāḷandaṃ rājāgārake ambalaṭṭhikāya’’nti. ‘‘Kaṃ ārabbhā’’ti<a name="P0.0098"></a>? ‘‘Suppiyañca paribbājakaṃ brahmadattañca māṇavaka’’nti. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ brahmajālassa nidānampi pucchi, puggalampi pucchi. ‘‘Sāmaññaphalaṃ; panāvuso ānanda, kattha bhāsita’’nti? ‘‘Rājagahe, bhante, jīvakambavane’’ti. ‘‘Kena saddhi’’nti? ‘‘Ajātasattunā <a name="M0.0084"></a> vedehiputtena saddhi’’nti. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ sāmaññaphalassa nidānampi pucchi, puggalampi pucchi. Eteneva upāyena pañcapi nikāye pucchi, puṭṭho puṭṭho āyasmā ānando vissajjesi. Ayaṃ <span class="bld">paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti</span> pañcahi therasatehi katā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Satehi pañcahi katā, tena pañcasatāti ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Thereheva katattā ca, therikāti pavuccatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imissā paṭhamamahāsaṅgītiyā vattamānāya sabbaṃ dīghanikāyaṃ majjhimanikāyādiñca pucchitvā anupubbena khuddakanikāyaṃ pucchantena āyasmatā mahākassapena ‘‘maṅgalasuttaṃ, āvuso ānanda, kattha bhāsita’’nti evamādivacanāvasāne ‘‘nidānampi pucchi, puggalampi pucchī’’ti ettha nidāne pucchite taṃ nidānaṃ vitthāretvā yathā ca bhāsitaṃ, yena ca sutaṃ, yadā ca sutaṃ, yena ca bhāsitaṃ, yattha ca bhāsitaṃ, yassa ca bhāsitaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ kathetukāmena ‘‘evaṃ bhāsitaṃ mayā sutaṃ, ekaṃ samayaṃ sutaṃ, bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ, sāvatthiyaṃ bhāsitaṃ, devatāya bhāsita’’nti etamatthaṃ dassentena āyasmatā ānandena vuttaṃ ‘‘evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme…pe… bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsī’’ti. Evamidaṃ <a name="P0.0099"></a> āyasmatā ānandena vuttaṃ, tañca pana paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle vuttanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni ‘‘kasmā vutta’’nti ettha vuccate – yasmā ayamāyasmā mahākassapattherena nidānaṃ puṭṭho, tasmānena taṃ nidānaṃ ādito pabhuti vitthāretuṃ vuttaṃ. Yasmā vā ānandaṃ dhammāsane nisinnaṃ vasīgaṇaparivutaṃ disvā ekaccānaṃ devatānaṃ cittamuppannaṃ ‘‘ayamāyasmā vedehamuni pakatiyāpi sakyakulamanvayo bhagavato dāyādo, bhagavatāpi pañcakkhattuṃ etadagge niddiṭṭho, catūhi acchariyaabbhutadhammehi samannāgato, catunnaṃ parisānaṃ piyo manāpo, idāni maññe bhagavato dhammarajjadāyajjaṃ patvā buddho jāto’’ti. Tasmā āyasmā ānando tāsaṃ devatānaṃ cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya taṃ abhūtaguṇasambhāvanaṃ anadhivāsento attano sāvakabhāvameva dīpetuṃ āha ‘‘evaṃ me sutaṃ ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā <a name="M0.0085"></a> …pe… ajjhabhāsī’’ti. Etthantare pañca arahantasatāni <a name="V0.0081"></a> anekāni ca devatāsahassāni ‘‘sādhu sādhū’’ti āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ abhinandiṃsu, mahābhūmicālo ahosi, nānāvidhakusumavassaṃ antalikkhato papati, aññāni ca bahūni acchariyāni pāturahesuṃ, bahūnañca devatānaṃ saṃvego uppajji ‘‘yaṃ amhehi bhagavato sammukhā sutaṃ, idāneva taṃ parokkhā jāta’’nti. Evamidaṃ āyasmatā ānandena paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle vadantenāpi iminā kāraṇena vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Ettāvatā ca <span class="bld">‘‘vuttaṃ yena yadā yasmā, cetaṃ vatvā imaṃ vidhi’’</span>nti imissā addhagāthāya attho pakāsito hoti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Evamiccādipāṭhavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1"></a><span class="paranum">1</span>. Idāni <span class="bld">‘‘evamiccādipāṭhassa, atthaṃ nānappakārato’’</span>ti evamādimātikāya saṅgahitatthappakāsanatthaṃ vuccate – <span class="bld">eva</span>nti <a name="P0.0100"></a> ayaṃ saddo upamūpadesasampahaṃsanagarahaṇavacanasampaṭiggahākāranidassanāvadhāraṇādīsu atthesu daṭṭhabbo. Tathā hesa ‘‘evaṃ jātena maccena, kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ bahu’’nti evamādīsu (dha. pa. 53) upamāyaṃ dissati. ‘‘Evaṃ te abhikkamitabbaṃ, evaṃ te paṭikkamitabba’’ntiādīsu (a. ni. 4.122) upadese. ‘‘Evametaṃ bhagavā, evametaṃ sugatā’’ti evamādīsu (a. ni. 3.66) sampahaṃsane. ‘‘Evamevaṃ panāyaṃ vasalī yasmiṃ vā tasmiṃ vā tassa muṇḍakassa samaṇakassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī’’ti evamādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.187) garahaṇe. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhanteti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosu’’nti evamādīsu (ma. ni. 1.1) vacanasampaṭiggahe. ‘‘Evaṃ byā kho ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmī’’ti evamādīsu (ma. ni. 1.398) ākāre. ‘‘Ehi tvaṃ, māṇavaka, yena samaṇo ānando tenupasaṅkama, upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena samaṇaṃ ānandaṃ appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ puccha. ‘Subho māṇavo todeyyaputto bhavantaṃ ānandaṃ appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ pucchatī’ti, evañca vadehi sādhu kira bhavaṃ ānando yena subhassa māṇavassa todeyyaputtassa nivesanaṃ, tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti evamādīsu (dī. ni. 1.445) nidassane. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha kālāmā, ime dhammā kusalā vā akusalā vāti? Akusalā, bhante. Sāvajjā vā anavajjā vāti? Sāvajjā, bhante. Viññugarahitā vā viññuppasatthā <a name="M0.0086"></a> vāti? Viññugarahitā, bhante. Samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti no vā, kathaṃ vo ettha hotīti? Samattā, bhante, samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti, evaṃ no ettha hotī’’ti evamādīsu (a. ni. 3.66) avadhāraṇe. Idha pana ākāranidassanāvadhāraṇesu daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="V0.0082"></a> ākāratthena <span class="bld">evaṃ</span>-saddena <a name="P0.0101"></a> etamatthaṃ dīpeti – nānānayanipuṇamanekajjhāsayasamuṭṭhānaṃ atthabyañjanasampannaṃ vividhapāṭihāriyaṃ dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhagambhīraṃ sabbasattānaṃ sakasakabhāsānurūpato sotapathamāgacchantaṃ tassa bhagavato vacanaṃ sabbappakārena ko samattho viññātuṃ, sabbathāmena pana sotukāmataṃ janetvāpi evaṃ me sutaṃ, mayāpi ekenākārena sutanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nidassanatthena ‘‘nāhaṃ sayambhū, na mayā idaṃ sacchikata’’nti attānaṃ parimocento ‘‘evaṃ me sutaṃ, mayāpi evaṃ suta’’nti idāni vattabbaṃ sakalasuttaṃ nidasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Avadhāraṇatthena ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahussutānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando, gatimantānaṃ, satimantānaṃ, dhitimantānaṃ, upaṭṭhākānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando’’ti (a. ni. 1.219-223) evaṃ bhagavatā pasatthabhāvānurūpaṃ attano dhāraṇabalaṃ dassento sattānaṃ sotukamyataṃ janeti ‘‘evaṃ me sutaṃ, tañca kho atthato vā byañjanato vā anūnamanadhikaṃ, evameva, na aññathā daṭṭhabba’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Me</span>-saddo tīsu atthesu dissati. Tathā hissa ‘‘gāthābhigītaṃ me abhojaneyya’’nti evamādīsu (su. ni. 81) mayāti attho. ‘‘Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetū’’ti evamādīsu (saṃ. ni. 4.88) mayhanti attho. ‘‘Dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavathā’’ti evamādīsu (ma. ni. 1.29) mamāti attho. Idha pana ‘‘mayā suta’’nti ca ‘‘mama suta’’nti ca atthadvaye yujjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Suta</span>nti ayaṃ sutasaddo saupasaggo anupasaggo ca gamanakhyātarāgābhibhūtūpacitānuyogasotaviññeyyasotadvāraviññātādianekatthappabhedo. Tathā hissa ‘‘senāya pasuto’’ti evamādīsu gacchantoti <a name="M0.0087"></a> attho. ‘‘Sutadhammassa passato’’ti evamādīsu khyātadhammassāti attho. ‘‘Avassutā avassutassā’’ti evamādīsu (pāci. 657) rāgābhibhūtā rāgābhibhūtassāti attho. ‘‘Tumhehi puññaṃ pasutaṃ anappaka’’nti evamādīsu (khu. pā. 7.12) upacitanti attho. ‘‘Ye jhānappasutā <a name="P0.0102"></a> dhīrā’’ti evamādīsu (dha. pa. 181) jhānānuyuttāti attho. ‘‘Diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ muta’’nti evamādīsu (ma. ni. 1.241) sotaviññeyyanti attho. ‘‘Sutadharo sutasannicayo’’ti evamādīsu (ma. ni. 1.339) sotadvārānusāraviññātadharoti attho. Idha pana <span class="bld">suta</span>nti sotaviññāṇapubbaṅgamāya viññāṇavīthiyā <a name="V0.0083"></a> upadhāritanti vā upadhāraṇanti vāti attho. Tattha yadā me-saddassa mayāti attho, tadā ‘‘evaṃ mayā sutaṃ, sotaviññāṇapubbaṅgamāya viññāṇavīthiyā upadhārita’’nti yujjati. Yadā me-saddassa mamāti attho, tadā ‘‘evaṃ mama sutaṃ sotaviññāṇapubbaṅgamāya viññāṇavīthiyā upadhāraṇa’’nti yujjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evametesu tīsu padesu <span class="bld">eva</span>nti sotaviññāṇakiccanidassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Me</span>ti vuttaviññāṇasamaṅgīpuggalanidassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Suta</span>nti assavanabhāvappaṭikkhepato anūnānadhikāviparītaggahaṇanidassanaṃ. Tathā <span class="bld">eva</span>nti savanādicittānaṃ nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattabhāvanidassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Me</span>ti attanidassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Suta</span>nti dhammanidassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā <span class="bld">eva</span>nti niddisitabbadhammanidassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Me</span>ti puggalanidassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Suta</span>nti puggalakiccanidassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā <span class="bld">eva</span>nti vīthicittānaṃ ākārapaññattivasena nānappakāraniddeso. <span class="bld">Me</span>ti kattāraniddeso. <span class="bld">Suta</span>nti visayaniddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā <span class="bld">eva</span>nti puggalakiccaniddeso. <span class="bld">Suta</span>nti viññāṇakiccaniddeso. <span class="bld">Me</span>ti ubhayakiccayuttapuggalaniddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā <span class="bld">eva</span>nti bhāvaniddeso. <span class="bld">Me</span>ti puggalaniddeso. <span class="bld">Suta</span>nti tassa kiccaniddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">eva</span>nti ca <span class="bld">me</span>ti ca sacchikaṭṭhaparamatthavasena avijjamānapaññatti. <span class="bld">Suta</span>nti vijjamānapaññatti. Tathā <span class="bld">eva</span>nti ca <span class="bld">me</span>ti ca taṃ taṃ upādāya vattabbato <a name="M0.0088"></a> upādāpaññatti. <span class="bld">Suta</span>nti diṭṭhādīni upanidhāya vattabbato upanidhāpaññatti<a name="P0.0103"></a>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca <span class="bld">eva</span>nti vacanena asammohaṃ dīpeti, <span class="bld">suta</span>nti vacanena sutassa asammosaṃ. Tathā <span class="bld">eva</span>nti vacanena yonisomanasikāraṃ dīpeti ayoniso manasikaroto nānappakārappaṭivedhābhāvato. <span class="bld">Suta</span>nti vacanena avikkhepaṃ dīpeti vikkhittacittassa savanābhāvato. Tathā hi vikkhittacitto puggalo sabbasampattiyā vuccamānopi ‘‘na mayā sutaṃ, puna bhaṇathā’’ti bhaṇati. Yonisomanasikārena cettha attasammāpaṇidhiṃ pubbe katapuññatañca <a name="V0.0084"></a> sādheti, avikkhepena saddhammassavanaṃ sappurisūpanissayañca. <span class="bld">Eva</span>nti ca iminā bhaddakena ākārena pacchimacakkadvayasampattiṃ attano dīpeti, <span class="bld">suta</span>nti savanayogena purimacakkadvayasampattiṃ. Tathā āsayasuddhiṃ payogasuddhiñca, tāya ca āsayasuddhiyā adhigamabyattiṃ, payogasuddhiyā āgamabyattiṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Eva</span>nti ca iminā nānappakārapaṭivedhadīpakena vacanena attano atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāsampadaṃ dīpeti. <span class="bld">Suta</span>nti iminā sotabbabhedapaṭivedhadīpakena dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāsampadaṃ dīpeti. <span class="bld">Eva</span>nti ca idaṃ yonisomanasikāradīpakaṃ vacanaṃ bhaṇanto ‘‘ete mayā dhammā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā’’ti ñāpeti. <span class="bld">Suta</span>nti idaṃ savanayogadīpakavacanaṃ bhaṇanto ‘‘bahū mayā dhammā sutā dhātā vacasā paricitā’’ti ñāpeti. Tadubhayenapi atthabyañjanapāripūriṃ dīpento savane ādaraṃ janeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Evaṃ me suta</span>nti iminā pana sakalenapi vacanena āyasmā ānando tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammaṃ attano adahanto asappurisabhūmiṃ, atikkamati, sāvakattaṃ paṭijānanto sappurisabhūmiṃ okkamati. Tathā asaddhammā cittaṃ vuṭṭhāpeti, saddhamme cittaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti. ‘‘Kevalaṃ sutamevetaṃ mayā, tasseva tu bhagavato vacanaṃ <a name="P0.0104"></a> arahato sammāsambuddhassā’’ti ca dīpento attānaṃ parimoceti, satthāraṃ apadisati, jinavacanaṃ appeti, dhammanettiṃ patiṭṭhāpeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’nti attanā uppāditabhāvaṃ appaṭijānanto purimassavanaṃ vivaranto ‘‘sammukhā paṭiggahitamidaṃ mayā tassa bhagavato catuvesārajjavisāradassa <a name="M0.0089"></a> dasabaladharassa āsabhaṭṭhānaṭṭhāyino sīhanādanādino sabbasattuttamassa dhammissarassa dhammarājassa dhammādhipatino dhammadīpassa dhammappaṭisaraṇassa saddhammavaracakkavattino sammāsambuddhassa. Na ettha atthe vā dhamme vā pade vā byañjane vā kaṅkhā vā vimati vā kātabbā’’ti sabbadevamanussānaṃ imasmiṃ dhamme assaddhiyaṃ vināseti, saddhāsampadaṃ uppādetīti veditabbo. Hoti cettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vināsayati assaddhaṃ, saddhaṃ vaḍḍheti sāsane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ me sutamiccevaṃ, vadaṃ gotamasāvako’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Eka</span>nti <a name="V0.0085"></a> gaṇanaparicchedaniddeso. <span class="bld">Samaya</span>nti paricchinnaniddeso. <span class="bld">Ekaṃ samaya</span>nti aniyamitaparidīpanaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">samaya</span>saddo –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Samavāye khaṇe kāle, samūhe hetudiṭṭhisu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paṭilābhe pahāne ca, paṭivedhe ca dissati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā hissa ‘‘appeva nāma svepi upasaṅkameyyāma kālañca samayañca upādāyā’’ti evamādīsu (dī. ni. 1.447) samavāyo attho. ‘‘Ekova kho, bhikkhave, khaṇo ca samayo ca brahmacariyavāsāyā’’ti evamādīsu (a. ni. 8.29) khaṇo. ‘‘Uṇhasamayo pariḷāhasamayo’’ti evamādīsu (pāci. 358) kālo. ‘‘Mahāsamayo pavanasmi’’nti evamādīsu samūho. ‘‘Samayopi kho te, bhaddāli, appaṭividdho ahosi, bhagavā kho sāvatthiyaṃ viharati, sopi maṃ jānissati, ‘bhaddāli, nāma bhikkhu satthusāsane <a name="P0.0105"></a> sikkhāya aparipūrakārī’ti, ayampi kho te bhaddāli samayo appaṭividdho ahosī’’ti evamādīsu (ma. ni. 2.135) hetu. ‘‘Tena kho pana samayena uggāhamāno paribbājako samaṇamuṇḍikāputto samayappavādake tindukācīre ekasālake mallikāya ārāme paṭivasatī’’ti evamādīsu (ma. ni. 2.260) diṭṭhi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Diṭṭhe dhamme ca yo attho, yo cattho samparāyiko;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atthābhisamayā dhīro, paṇḍitoti pavuccatī’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.129) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādīsu paṭilābho. ‘‘Sammā mānābhisamayā antamakāsi dukkhassā’’ti evamādīsu (ma. ni. 1.28) pahānaṃ. ‘‘Dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho <a name="M0.0090"></a> vipariṇāmaṭṭho abhisamayaṭṭho’’ti evamādīsu (paṭi. ma. 2.8) paṭivedho. Idha panassa kālo attho. Tena ekaṃ samayanti saṃvaccharautumāsaaḍḍhamāsarattidivapubbaṇhamajjhanhikasāyanhapaṭhamamajjhima- pacchimayāmamuhuttādīsu kālakhyesu samayesu ekaṃ samayanti dīpeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ye vā ime gabbhokkantisamayo jātisamayo saṃvegasamayo abhinikkhamanasamayo dukkarakārikasamayo māravijayasamayo abhisambodhisamayo diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasamayo desanāsamayo parinibbānasamayoti evamādayo bhagavato devamanussesu ativiya pakāsā anekakālakhyā eva samayā. Tesu samayesu desanāsamayasaṅkhātaṃ ekaṃ samayanti vuttaṃ hoti. Yo <a name="V0.0086"></a> cāyaṃ ñāṇakaruṇākiccasamayesu karuṇākiccasamayo, attahitaparahitappaṭipattisamayesu parahitappaṭipattisamayo, sannipatitānaṃ karaṇīyadvayasamayesu dhammīkathāsamayo, desanāpaṭipattisamayesu desanāsamayo, tesupi samayesu yaṃ kiñci sandhāya ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāha – atha kasmā yathā abhidhamme <a name="P0.0106"></a> ‘‘yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacara’’nti ca ito aññesu suttapadesu ‘‘yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehī’’ti ca bhummavacanena niddeso kato, vinaye ca ‘‘tena samayena buddho bhagavā’’ti karaṇavacanena, tathā akatvā idha ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti upayogavacananiddeso katoti. Tattha tathā, idha ca aññathā atthasambhavato. Tattha hi abhidhamme ito aññesu suttapadesu ca adhikaraṇattho bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇattho ca sambhavati. Adhikaraṇañhi kālattho samūhattho ca samayo, tattha vuttānaṃ phassādidhammānaṃ khaṇasamavāyahetusaṅkhātassa ca samayassa bhāvena tesaṃ bhāvo lakkhīyati, tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ tattha bhummavacananiddeso kato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vinaye ca hetvattho karaṇattho ca sambhavati. Yo hi so sikkhāpadapaññattisamayo sāriputtādīhipi dubbiññeyyo, tena samayena hetubhūtena karaṇabhūtena ca sikkhāpadāni paññapento sikkhāpadapaññattihetuñca apekkhamāno bhagavā tattha tattha vihāsi, tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ tattha karaṇavacananiddeso kato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idha <a name="M0.0091"></a> pana aññasmiñca evaṃjātike suttantapāṭhe accantasaṃyogattho sambhavati. Yañhi samayaṃ bhagavā imaṃ aññaṃ vā suttantaṃ desesi, accantameva taṃ samayaṃ karuṇāvihārena vihāsi. Tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ idha upayogavacananiddeso katoti viññeyyo. Hoti cettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Taṃ taṃ atthamapekkhitvā, bhummena karaṇena ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Aññatra samayo vutto, upayogena so idhā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhagavā</span>ti guṇavisiṭṭhasattuttamagarugāravādhivacanametaṃ. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhagavāti <a name="P0.0107"></a> vacanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, bhagavāti vacanamuttamaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Garu gāravayutto so, bhagavā tena vuccatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Catubbidhañhi <a name="V0.0087"></a> nāmaṃ āvatthikaṃ, liṅgikaṃ, nemittakaṃ, adhiccasamuppannanti. Adhiccasamuppannaṃ nāma ‘‘yadicchaka’’nti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha vaccho dammo balibaddhoti evamādi āvatthikaṃ, daṇḍī chattī sikhī karīti evamādi liṅgikaṃ, tevijjo chaḷabhiññoti evamādi nemittakaṃ, sirivaḍḍhako dhanavaḍḍhakoti evamādi vacanatthamanapekkhitvā pavattaṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ. Idaṃ pana bhagavāti nāmaṃ guṇanemittakaṃ, na mahāmāyāya, na suddhodanamahārājena, na asītiyā ñātisahassehi kataṃ, na sakkasantusitādīhi devatāvisesehi kataṃ. Yathāha āyasmā sāriputtatthero ‘‘bhagavāti netaṃ nāmaṃ mātarā kataṃ…pe… sacchikā paññatti yadidaṃ bhagavā’’ti (mahāni. 84).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yaṃ guṇanemittakañcetaṃ nāmaṃ, tesaṃ guṇānaṃ pakāsanatthaṃ imaṃ gāthaṃ vadanti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhagī bhajī bhāgī vibhattavā iti,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Akāsi bhagganti garūti bhāgyavā;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Bahūhi ñāyehi subhāvitattano,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhavantago so bhagavāti vuccatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Niddesādīsu (mahāni. 84; cūḷani. ajitamāṇavapucchāniddesa 2) vuttanayeneva cassa attho daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana aparo pariyāyo –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhāgyavā bhaggavā yutto, bhagehi ca vibhattavā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhattavā vantagamano, bhavesu bhagavā tato’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M0.0092"></a> ‘‘vaṇṇāgamo vaṇṇavipariyāyo’’ti evaṃ niruttilakkhaṇaṃ gahetvā saddanayena vā pisodarādipakkhepalakkhaṇaṃ gahetvā yasmā lokiyalokuttarasukhābhinibbattakaṃ <a name="P0.0108"></a> dānasīlādipārappattaṃ bhāgyamassa atthi, tasmā bhāgyavāti vattabbe bhagavāti vuccatīti ñātabbaṃ. Yasmā pana lobhadosamohaviparītamanasikāraahirikānottappakodhūpanāhamakkhapalā- issāmacchariyamāyāsāṭheyyathambhasārambhamānātimānamadapamādataṇhāvijjātividhākusalamūladuccarita- saṃkilesamalavisamasaññāvitakkapapañcacatubbidhavipariyesaāsavaganthaoghayogaagatitaṇhupādāna- pañcacetokhilavinibandhanīvaraṇābhinandanachavivādamūlataṇhākāyasattānusaya- aṭṭhamicchattanavataṇhāmūlakadasākusalakammapathadvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhigata- aṭṭhasatataṇhāvicaritappabhedasabbadarathapariḷāhakilesasatasahassāni<a name="V0.0088"></a>, saṅkhepato vā pañca kilesakkhandhaabhisaṅkhāramaccudevaputtamāre abhañji, tasmā <span class="bld">bhaggattā etesaṃ parissayānaṃ bhaggavā</span>ti vattabbe <span class="bld">bhagavā</span>ti vuccati. Āha cettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhaggarāgo bhaggadoso, bhaggamoho anāsavo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhaggāssa pāpakā dhammā, bhagavā tena vuccatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhāgyavatāya cassa satapuññalakkhaṇadharassa rūpakāyasampatti dīpitā hoti, bhaggadosatāya dhammakāyasampatti. Tathā lokiyasarikkhakānaṃ bahumānabhāvo, gahaṭṭhapabbajitehi abhigamanīyatā. Tathā abhigatānañca nesaṃ kāyacittadukkhāpanayane paṭibalabhāvo, āmisadānadhammadānehi upakāritā. Lokiyalokuttarasukhehi ca saṃyojanasamatthatā dīpitā hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā ca loke issariyadhammayasasirikāmapayattesu chasu dhammesu bhagasaddo vattati, paramañcassa sakacitte issariyaṃ, aṇimālaghimādikaṃ vā lokiyasammataṃ sabbākāraparipūraṃ <a name="P0.0109"></a> atthi, tathā lokuttaro dhammo, lokattayabyāpako yathābhuccaguṇādhigato ativiya parisuddho yaso, rūpakāyadassanabyāvaṭajananayanamanappasādajananasamatthā sabbākāraparipūrā sabbaṅgapaccaṅgasirī, yaṃ yaṃ anena icchitaṃ patthitaṃ attahitaṃ parahitaṃ vā, tassa tassa tatheva abhinipphannattā icchitatthanipphattisaññito kāmo, sabbalokagarubhāvappattihetubhūto sammāvāyāmasaṅkhāto payatto ca atthi, tasmā imehi bhagehi yuttattāpi <span class="bld">bhagā assa santī</span>ti iminā atthena ‘‘bhagavā’’ti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā <a name="M0.0093"></a> pana kusalādibhedehi sabbadhamme, khandhāyatanadhātusaccaindriyapaṭiccasamuppādādīhi vā kusalādidhamme, pīḷanasaṅkhatasantāpavipariṇāmaṭṭhena vā dukkhamariyasaccaṃ, āyūhananidānasaṃyogapalibodhaṭṭhena samudayaṃ, nissaraṇavivekāsaṅkhataamataṭṭhena nirodhaṃ, niyyānikahetudassanādhipateyyaṭṭhena maggaṃ vibhattavā, vibhajitvā vivaritvā desitavāti vuttaṃ hoti, tasmā <span class="bld">vibhattavā</span>ti vattabbe ‘‘bhagavā’’ti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā ca esa dibbabrahmaariyavihāre kāyacittaupadhiviveke suññatāppaṇihitānimittavimokkhe <a name="V0.0089"></a> aññe ca lokiyalokuttare uttarimanussadhamme bhaji sevi bahulamakāsi, tasmā <span class="bld">bhattavā</span>ti vattabbe ‘‘bhagavā’’ti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā pana tīsu bhavesu taṇhāsaṅkhātaṃ gamanaṃ anena vantaṃ, tasmā <span class="bld">bhavesu vantagamano</span>ti vattabbe bhavasaddato bhakāraṃ gamanasaddato gakāraṃ vantasaddato vakārañca dīghaṃ katvā ādāya ‘‘bhagavā’’ti vuccati, yathā loke ‘‘mehanassa khassa mālā’’ti vattabbe ‘‘mekhalā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā <a name="P0.0110"></a> cettha <span class="bld">evaṃ me suta</span>nti vacanena yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ desento paccakkhaṃ katvā bhagavato dhammasarīraṃ pakāseti, tena ‘‘nayidaṃ atītasatthukaṃ pāvacanaṃ, ayaṃ vo satthā’’ti bhagavato adassanena ukkaṇṭhitajanaṃ samassāseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā</span>ti vacanena tasmiṃ samaye bhagavato avijjamānabhāvaṃ dassento rūpakāyaparinibbānaṃ dasseti. Tena ‘‘evaṃvidhassa imassa ariyadhammassa desetā dasabaladharo vajirasaṅghātakāyo sopi bhagavā parinibbuto, tattha kenaññena jīvite āsā janetabbā’’ti jīvitamadamattaṃ janaṃ saṃvejeti, saddhamme cassa ussāhaṃ janeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Eva</span>nti ca bhaṇanto desanāsampattiṃ niddisati, <span class="bld">me suta</span>nti sāvakasampattiṃ, <span class="bld">ekaṃ samaya</span>nti kālasampattiṃ, <span class="bld">bhagavā</span>ti desakasampattiṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sāvatthiyaṃ viharatī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">sāvatthī</span>ti savatthassa isino nivāsaṭṭhānabhūtaṃ nagaraṃ, yathā kākandī mākandīti, evaṃ itthiliṅgavasena sāvatthīti vuccati, evaṃ akkharacintakā. Aṭṭhakathācariyā pana bhaṇanti ‘‘yaṃkiñci <a name="M0.0094"></a> manussānaṃ upabhogaparibhogaṃ sabbamettha atthī’’ti sāvatthī. Satthasamāyoge ca ‘‘kiṃ bhaṇḍamatthī’’ti pucchite ‘‘sabbamatthī’’ti vacanamupādāya sāvatthī.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbadā sabbūpakaraṇaṃ, sāvatthiyaṃ samohitaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā sabbamupādāya, sāvatthīti pavuccati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kosalānaṃ puraṃ rammaṃ, dassaneyyaṃ manoramaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dasahi saddehi avivittaṃ, annapānasamāyutaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vuḍḍhiṃ <a name="V0.0090"></a><a name="P0.0111"></a> vepullataṃ pattaṃ, iddhaṃ phītaṃ manoramaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Āḷakamandāva devānaṃ, sāvatthipuramuttama’’nti. (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.14);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassaṃ <span class="bld">sāvatthiyaṃ</span>. Samīpatthe bhummavacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Viharatī</span>ti avisesena iriyāpathadibbabrahmaariyavihāresu aññataravihārasamaṅgiparidīpanametaṃ. Idha pana ṭhānagamanāsanasayanappabhedesu iriyāpathesu aññatarairiyāpathasamāyogaparidīpanaṃ, tena ṭhitopi gacchantopi nisinnopi sayānopi bhagavā viharaticceva veditabbo. So hi ekaṃ iriyāpathabādhanaṃ aparena iriyāpathena vicchinditvā aparipatantaṃ attabhāvaṃ harati pavatteti. Tasmā viharatīti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Jetavane</span>ti ettha attano paccatthikajanaṃ jinātīti jeto, raññā vā attano paccatthikajane jite jātoti jeto, maṅgalakamyatāya vā tassa evaṃ nāmameva katantipi jeto. Vanayatīti vanaṃ, attasampadāya sattānaṃ bhattiṃ kāreti, attani sinehaṃ uppādetīti attho. Vanute iti vā vanaṃ, nānāvidhakusumagandhasammodamattakokilādivihaṅgavirutehi mandamālutacalitarukkhasākhāviṭapapupphaphalapallavapalāsehi ca ‘‘etha maṃ paribhuñjathā’’ti pāṇino yācati viyāti attho. Jetassa vanaṃ jetavanaṃ. Tañhi jetena rājakumārena ropitaṃ saṃvaḍḍhitaṃ paripālitaṃ, so ca tassa sāmī ahosi, tasmā jetavananti vuccati. Tasmiṃ <span class="bld">jetavane</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme</span>ti ettha sudatto nāma so gahapati mātāpitūhi katanāmavasena, sabbakāmasamiddhitāya tu vigatamalamaccheratāya karuṇādiguṇasamaṅgitāya ca niccakālaṃ anāthānaṃ piṇḍaṃ <a name="M0.0095"></a> adāsi, tena anāthapiṇḍikoti <a name="P0.0112"></a> saṅkhyaṃ gato. Āramanti ettha pāṇino, visesena vā pabbajitāti ārāmo, tassa pupphaphalapallavādisobhanatāya nātidūranāccāsannatādipañcavidhasenāsanaṅgasampattiyā ca tato tato āgamma ramanti abhiramanti anukkaṇṭhitā hutvā nivasantīti attho. Vuttappakārāya vā sampattiyā tattha tattha gatepi attano abbhantaraṃyeva ānetvā rametīti ārāmo. So hi anāthapiṇḍikena gahapatinā jetassa rājakumārassa hatthato aṭṭhārasahiraññakoṭisanthārena kiṇitvā aṭṭhārasahiraññakoṭīhi senāsanaṃ kārāpetvā aṭṭhārasahiraññakoṭīhi vihāramahaṃ niṭṭhāpetvā evaṃ catupaññāsāya hiraññakoṭipariccāgena <a name="V0.0091"></a> buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa niyyātito, tasmā ‘‘anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāmo’’ti vuccati. Tasmiṃ <span class="bld">anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca ‘‘jetavane’’ti vacanaṃ purimasāmiparikittanaṃ, ‘‘anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme’’ti pacchimasāmiparikittanaṃ. Kimetesaṃ parikittane payojananti? Vuccate – adhikārato tāva ‘‘kattha bhāsita’’nti pucchāniyāmakaraṇaṃ aññesaṃ puññakāmānaṃ diṭṭhānugatiāpajjane niyojanañca. Tattha hi dvārakoṭṭhakapāsādamāpane bhūmivikkayaladdhā aṭṭhārasa hiraññakoṭiyo anekakoṭiagghanakā rukkhā ca jetassa pariccāgo, catupaññāsa koṭiyo anāthapiṇḍikassa. Yato tesaṃ parikittanena ‘‘evaṃ puññakāmā puññāni karontī’’ti dassento āyasmā ānando aññepi puññakāme tesaṃ diṭṭhānugatiāpajjane niyojeti. Evamettha puññakāmānaṃ diṭṭhānugatiāpajjane niyojanaṃ payojananti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāha – ‘‘yadi tāva bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati, ‘jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme’ti na vattabbaṃ. Atha tattha viharati, ‘sāvatthiya’nti na vattabbaṃ. Na hi sakkā ubhayattha ekaṃ <a name="P0.0113"></a> samayaṃ viharitu’’nti. Vuccate – nanu vuttametaṃ ‘‘samīpatthe bhummavacana’’nti, yato yathā gaṅgāyamunādīnaṃ samīpe goyūthāni carantāni ‘‘gaṅgāya caranti, yamunāya carantī’’ti vuccanti, evamidhāpi yadidaṃ sāvatthiyā samīpe jetavanaṃ anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāmo, tattha viharanto vuccati ‘‘sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane <a name="M0.0096"></a> anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme’’ti veditabbo. Gocaragāmanidassanatthaṃ hissa sāvatthivacanaṃ, pabbajitānurūpanivāsaṭṭhānanidassanatthaṃ sesavacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha sāvatthikittanena bhagavato gahaṭṭhānuggahakaraṇaṃ dasseti, jetavanādikittanena pabbajitānuggahakaraṇaṃ. Tathā purimena paccayaggahaṇato attakilamathānuyogavivajjanaṃ, pacchimena vatthukāmappahānato kāmasukhallikānuyogavajjanūpāyadassanaṃ. Purimena ca dhammadesanābhiyogaṃ, pacchimena vivekādhimuttiṃ. Purimena karuṇāya upagamanaṃ, pacchimena ca paññāya apagamanaṃ. Purimena sattānaṃ hitasukhanipphādanādhimuttitaṃ, pacchimena parahitasukhakaraṇe nirupalepataṃ. Purimena dhammikasukhāpariccāganimittaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ, pacchimena uttarimanussadhammānuyoganimittaṃ. Purimena manussānaṃ upakārabahulataṃ, pacchimena devānaṃ. Purimena loke jātassa loke saṃvaḍḍhabhāvaṃ, pacchimena lokena anupalittatanti evamādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Athā</span>ti avicchedatthe, <span class="bld">kho</span>ti adhikārantaranidassanatthe nipāto. Tena avicchinneyeva tattha <a name="V0.0092"></a> bhagavato vihāre idamadhikārantaraṃ udapādīti dasseti. Kiṃ tanti? <span class="bld">Aññatarā devatā</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">aññatarā</span>ti aniyamitaniddeso. Sā hi nāmagottato apākaṭā, tasmā ‘‘aññatarā’’ti vuttā. Devo eva devatā, itthipurisasādhāraṇametaṃ. Idha pana puriso <a name="P0.0114"></a> eva, so devaputto kintu, sādhāraṇanāmavasena devatāti vutto.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Abhikkantāya rattiyā</span>ti ettha abhikkantasaddo khayasundarābhirūpaabbhanumodanādīsu dissati. Tattha ‘‘abhikkantā, bhante, ratti, nikkhanto paṭhamo yāmo, ciranisinno bhikkhusaṅgho, uddisatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ pātimokkha’’nti evamādīsu (cūḷava. 383; a. ni. 8.20) khaye dissati. ‘‘Ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti evamādīsu (a. ni. 4.100) sundare.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ko me vandati pādāni, iddhiyā yasasā jalaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Abhikkantena vaṇṇena, sabbā obhāsayaṃ disā’’ti. (vi. va. 857); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādīsu <a name="M0.0097"></a> abhirūpe. ‘‘Abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotamā’’ti evamādīsu (a. ni. 2.16; pārā. 15) abbhanumodane. Idha pana khaye. Tena <span class="bld">abhikkantāya rattiyā</span>ti parikkhīṇāya rattiyāti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Abhikkantavaṇṇā</span>ti ettha abhikkantasaddo abhirūpe, vaṇṇasaddo pana chavithutikulavaggakāraṇasaṇṭhānapamāṇarūpāyatanādīsu dissati. Tattha ‘‘suvaṇṇavaṇṇosi bhagavā’’ti evamādīsu (ma. ni. 2.399; su. ni. 553) chaviyaṃ. ‘‘Kadā saññūḷhā pana te gahapati ime samaṇassa gotamassa vaṇṇā’’ti evamādīsu (ma. ni. 2.77) thutiyaṃ. ‘‘Cattārome, bho gotama, vaṇṇā’’ti evamādīsu (dī. ni. 3.115) kulavagge. ‘‘Atha kena nu vaṇṇena, gandhathenoti <a name="P0.0115"></a> vuccatī’’ti evamādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.234) kāraṇe. ‘‘Mahantaṃ hatthirājavaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā’’ti evamādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.138) saṇṭhāne. ‘‘Tayo pattassa vaṇṇā’’ti evamādīsu pamāṇe. ‘‘Vaṇṇo gandho raso ojā’’ti evamādīsu rūpāyatane. So idha chaviyaṃ daṭṭhabbo. Tena <span class="bld">abhikkantavaṇṇā</span>ti abhirūpacchavīti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kevalakappa</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">kevala</span>saddo anavasesayebhuyyaabyāmissānatirekadaḷhatthavisaṃyogādianekattho<a name="V0.0093"></a>. Tathā hissa ‘‘kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariya’’nti evamādīsu (pārā. 1) anavasesatā attho. ‘‘Kevalakappā ca aṅgamāgadhā pahūtaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ ādāya upasaṅkamissantī’’ti evamādīsu (mahāva. 43) yebhuyyatā. ‘‘Kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hotī’’ti evamādīsu (vibha. 225) abyāmissatā. ‘‘Kevalaṃ saddhāmattakaṃ nūna ayamāyasmā’’ti evamādīsu (mahāva. 244) anatirekatā. ‘‘Āyasmato, bhante, anuruddhassa bāhiyo nāma saddhivihāriko kevalakappaṃ saṅghabhedāya ṭhito’’ti evamādīsu (a. ni. 4.243) daḷhatthatā. ‘‘Kevalī vusitavā uttamapurisoti vuccatī’’ti evamādīsu (saṃ. ni. 3.57) visaṃyogo. Idha panassa anavasesattamattho adhippeto.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kappa</span>saddo panāyaṃ abhisaddahanavohārakālapaññattichedanavikappalesasamantabhāvādianekattho. Tathā hissa ‘‘okappanīyametaṃ <a name="M0.0098"></a> bhoto gotamassa, yathā taṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassā’’ti evamādīsu (ma. ni. 1.387) abhisaddahanamattho. ‘‘Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, pañcahi samaṇakappehi phalaṃ paribhuñjitu’’nti evamādīsu (cūḷava. 250) <a name="P0.0116"></a> vohāro. ‘‘Yena sudaṃ niccakappaṃ viharāmī’’ti evamādīsu (ma. ni. 1.387) kālo. ‘‘Iccāyasmā kappo’’ti evamādīsu (su. ni. 1098; cūḷani. kappamāṇavapucchā 117, kappamāṇavapucchāniddesa 61) paññatti. ‘‘Alaṅkato kappitakesamassū’’ti evamādīsu (jā. 2.22.1368) chedanaṃ. ‘‘Kappati dvaṅgulakappo’’ti evamādīsu (cūḷava. 446) vikappo. ‘‘Atthi kappo nipajjitu’’nti evamādīsu (a. ni. 8.80) leso. ‘‘Kevalakappaṃ veḷuvanaṃ obhāsetvā’’ti evamādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.94) samantabhāvo. Idha panassa samantabhāvo attho adhippeto. Yato <span class="bld">kevalakappaṃ jetavana</span>nti ettha anavasesaṃ samantato jetavananti evamattho daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Obhāsetvā</span>ti ābhāya pharitvā, candimā viya sūriyo viya ca ekobhāsaṃ ekapajjotaṃ karitvāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamī</span>ti bhummatthe karaṇavacanaṃ. Yato yattha bhagavā, tattha upasaṅkamīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Yena vā kāraṇena bhagavā devamanussehi upasaṅkamitabbo, teneva kāraṇena upasaṅkamīti evampettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Kena ca kāraṇena bhagavā upasaṅkamitabbo? Nānappakāraguṇavisesādhigamādhippāyena, sādurasaphalūpabhogādhippāyena dijagaṇehi niccaphalitamahārukkho viya. <span class="bld">Upasaṅkamī</span>ti ca gatāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Upasaṅkamitvā</span>ti upasaṅkamanapariyosānadīpanaṃ<a name="V0.0094"></a>. Atha vā evaṃ gatā tato āsannataraṃ ṭhānaṃ bhagavato samīpasaṅkhātaṃ gantvāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā</span>ti bhagavantaṃ vanditvā paṇamitvā namassitvā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ekamanta</span>nti bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso ekokāsaṃ ekapassanti vuttaṃ hoti. Bhummatthe vā upayogavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhāsī</span>ti <a name="P0.0117"></a> nisajjādipaṭikkhepo, ṭhānaṃ kappesi, ṭhitā ahosīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ <a name="M0.0099"></a> ṭhitā pana sā ekamantaṃ ṭhitā ahūti?</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Na pacchato na purato, nāpi āsannadūrato;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Na kacche nopi paṭivāte, na cāpi oṇatuṇṇate;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ime dose vivajjetvā, ekamantaṃ ṭhitā ahū’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmā panāyaṃ aṭṭhāsi eva, na nisīdīti? Lahuṃ nivattitukāmatāya. Devatāyo hi kañcideva atthavasaṃ paṭicca sucipuriso viya vaccaṭṭhānaṃ manussalokaṃ āgacchanti. Pakatiyā pana tāsaṃ yojanasatato pabhuti manussaloko duggandhatāya paṭikūlo hoti, na ettha abhiramanti, tena sā āgatakiccaṃ katvā lahuṃ nivattitukāmatāya na nisīdi. Yassa ca gamanādiiriyāpathaparissamassa vinodanatthaṃ nisīdanti, so devānaṃ parissamo natthi, tasmāpi na nisīdi. Ye ca mahāsāvakā bhagavantaṃ parivāretvā ṭhitā, te patimāneti, tasmāpi na nisīdi. Apica bhagavati gāraveneva na nisīdi. Devatānañhi nisīditukāmānaṃ āsanaṃ nibbattati, taṃ anicchamānā nisajjāya cittampi akatvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho sā devatā</span>ti evaṃ imehi kāraṇehi ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho sā devatā. <span class="bld">Bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsī</span>ti bhagavantaṃ akkharapadaniyamitaganthitena vacanena abhāsīti attho. Kathaṃ? <span class="bld">Bahū devā manussā ca…pe… brūhi maṅgalamuttama</span>nti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Maṅgalapañhasamuṭṭhānakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yasmā <span class="bld">‘‘evamiccādipāṭhassa, atthaṃ nānappakārato. Vaṇṇayanto samuṭṭhānaṃ, vatvā’’</span>ti mātikā ṭhapitā, tassa ca samuṭṭhānassa ayaṃ vattabbatāya okāso, tasmā maṅgalapañhasamuṭṭhānaṃ tāva vatvā pacchā imesaṃ gāthāpadānamatthaṃ <a name="P0.0118"></a> vaṇṇayissāmi. Kiñca maṅgalapañhasamuṭṭhānaṃ? Jambudīpe <a name="V0.0095"></a> kira tattha tattha nagaradvārasanthāgārasabhādīsu mahājano sannipatitvā hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ datvā nānappakāraṃ sītāharaṇādikathaṃ kathāpeti, ekekā kathā catumāsaccayena niṭṭhāti. Tattha ekadivasaṃ maṅgalakathā samuṭṭhāsi ‘‘kiṃ nu kho maṅgalaṃ, kiṃ diṭṭhaṃ maṅgalaṃ, sutaṃ maṅgalaṃ, mutaṃ maṅgalaṃ, ko maṅgalaṃ jānātī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha <a name="M0.0100"></a> diṭṭhamaṅgaliko nāmeko puriso āha ‘‘ahaṃ maṅgalaṃ jānāmi, diṭṭhaṃ loke maṅgalaṃ diṭṭhaṃ nāma abhimaṅgalasammataṃ rūpaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ – idhekacco kālasseva vuṭṭhāya cātakasakuṇaṃ vā passati, beluvalaṭṭhiṃ vā gabbhiniṃ vā kumārake vā alaṅkatapaṭiyatte puṇṇaghaṭe vā allarohitamacchaṃ vā ājaññaṃ vā ājaññarathaṃ vā usabhaṃ vā gāviṃ vā kapilaṃ vā, yaṃ vā panaññampi kiñci evarūpaṃ abhimaṅgalasammataṃ rūpaṃ passati, idaṃ vuccati diṭṭhamaṅgala’’nti. Tassa vacanaṃ ekacce aggahesuṃ, ekacce na aggahesuṃ. Ye na aggahesuṃ, te tena saha vivadiṃsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha sutamaṅgaliko nāma eko puriso āha – ‘‘cakkhunāmetaṃ, bho, sucimpi passati asucimpi, tathā sundarampi, asundarampi, manāpampi, amanāpampi. Yadi tena diṭṭhaṃ maṅgalaṃ siyā, sabbampi maṅgalaṃ siyā. Tasmā na diṭṭhaṃ maṅgalaṃ, apica <a name="P0.0119"></a> kho pana sutaṃ maṅgalaṃ. Sutaṃ nāma abhimaṅgalasammato saddo. Seyyathidaṃ? Idhekacco kālasseva vuṭṭhāya vaḍḍhāti vā vaḍḍhamānāti vā puṇṇāti vā phussāti vā sumanāti vā sirīti vā sirivaḍḍhāti vā ajja sunakkhattaṃ sumuhuttaṃ sudivasaṃ sumaṅgalanti evarūpaṃ vā yaṃkiñci abhimaṅgalasammataṃ saddaṃ suṇāti, idaṃ vuccati sutamaṅgala’’nti. Tassāpi vacanaṃ ekacce aggahesuṃ, ekacce na aggahesuṃ. Ye na aggahesuṃ, te tena saha vivadiṃsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha mutamaṅgaliko nāmeko puriso āha ‘‘sotampi hi nāmetaṃ, bho, sādhumpi asādhumpi manāpampi amanāpampi saddaṃ suṇāti. Yadi tena sutaṃ maṅgalaṃ siyā, sabbampi maṅgalaṃ siyā. Tasmā na sutaṃ maṅgalaṃ, apica kho pana mutaṃ maṅgalaṃ. Mutaṃ nāma abhimaṅgalasammataṃ gandharasaphoṭṭhabbaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ – idhekacco kālasseva vuṭṭhāya padumagandhādipupphagandhaṃ vā ghāyati, phussadantakaṭṭhaṃ vā khādati, pathaviṃ vā āmasati, haritasassaṃ vā allagomayaṃ vā kacchapaṃ vā tilaṃ vā pupphaṃ vā phalaṃ vā āmasati, phussamattikāya vā sammā limpati, phussasāṭakaṃ vā nivāseti, phussaveṭhanaṃ vā dhāreti. Yaṃ vā panaññampi kiñci evarūpaṃ abhimaṅgalasammataṃ gandhaṃ vā ghāyati, rasaṃ vā sāyati, phoṭṭhabbaṃ <a name="V0.0096"></a> vā phusati, idaṃ vuccati mutamaṅgala’’nti. Tassāpi vacanaṃ ekacce aggahesuṃ, ekacce na aggahesuṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M0.0101"></a> na diṭṭhamaṅgaliko sutamutamaṅgalike asakkhi ñāpetuṃ, na tesaṃ aññataro itare dve. Tesu ca manussesu ye diṭṭhamaṅgalikassa vacanaṃ gaṇhiṃsu, te ‘‘diṭṭhaṃyeva maṅgala’’nti gatā. Ye sutamutamaṅgalikānaṃ, te ‘‘sutaṃyeva mutaṃyeva maṅgala’’nti gatā. Evamayaṃ maṅgalakathā sakalajambudīpe pākaṭā jātā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha sakalajambudīpe manussā gumbagumbā <a name="P0.0120"></a> hutvā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho maṅgala’’nti maṅgalāni cintayiṃsu. Tesaṃ manussānaṃ ārakkhadevatā taṃ kathaṃ sutvā tatheva maṅgalāni cintayiṃsu. Tāsaṃ devatānaṃ bhummadevatā mittā honti, atha tato sutvā bhummadevatāpi tatheva maṅgalāni cintayiṃsu, tāsaṃ devatānaṃ ākāsaṭṭhadevatā mittā honti, ākāsaṭṭhadevatānaṃ catumahārājikā devatā mittā honti, etenupāyena yāva sudassīdevatānaṃ akaniṭṭhadevatā mittā honti, atha tato sutvā akaniṭṭhadevatāpi tatheva gumbagumbā hutvā maṅgalāni cintayiṃsu. Evaṃ yāva dasasahassacakkavāḷesu sabbattha maṅgalacintā udapādi. Uppannā ca ‘‘idaṃ maṅgalaṃ idaṃ maṅgala’’nti vinicchayamānāpi appattā eva vinicchayaṃ dvādasa vassāni aṭṭhāsi. Sabbe manussā ca devā ca brahmāno ca ṭhapetvā ariyasāvake diṭṭhasutamutavasena tidhā bhinnā. Ekopi ‘‘idameva maṅgala’’nti yathābhuccato niṭṭhaṅgato nāhosi, maṅgalakolāhalaṃ loke uppajji.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kolāhalaṃ nāma pañcavidhaṃ</span> kappakolāhalaṃ, cakkavattikolāhalaṃ, buddhakolāhalaṃ, maṅgalakolāhalaṃ, moneyyakolāhalanti. Tattha kāmāvacaradevā muttasirā vikiṇṇakesā rudammukhā assūni hatthehi puñchamānā rattavatthanivatthā ativiya virūpavesadhārino hutvā ‘‘vassasatasahassaccayena kappuṭṭhānaṃ hohiti, ayaṃ loko vinassissati, mahāsamuddo sussissati, ayañca mahāpathavī sineru ca pabbatarājā <a name="P0.0121"></a> uḍḍhayhissati vinassissati, yāva brahmalokā lokavināso bhavissati, mettaṃ mārisā bhāvetha, karuṇaṃ muditaṃ upekkhaṃ mārisā bhāvetha, mātaraṃ upaṭṭhahatha, pitaraṃ upaṭṭhahatha, kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino hotha, jāgaratha mā pamādatthā’’ti manussapathe vicaritvā ārocenti. Idaṃ <span class="bld">kappakolāhalaṃ</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kāmāvacaradevāyeva ‘‘vassasatassaccayena cakkavattirājā loke uppajjissatī’’ti manussapathe <a name="V0.0097"></a> vicaritvā ārocenti. Idaṃ <span class="bld">cakkavattikolāhalaṃ</span> nāma. Suddhāvāsā pana devā brahmābharaṇena alaṅkaritvā brahmaveṭhanaṃ <a name="M0.0102"></a> sīse katvā pītisomanassajātā buddhaguṇavādino ‘‘vassasahassaccayena buddho loke uppajjissatī’’ti manussapathe vicaritvā ārocenti. Idaṃ <span class="bld">buddhakolāhalaṃ</span> nāma. Suddhāvāsā eva devā devamanussānaṃ cittaṃ ñatvā ‘‘dvādasannaṃ vassānaṃ accayena sammāsambuddho maṅgalaṃ kathessatī’’ti manussapathe vicaritvā ārocenti. Idaṃ <span class="bld">maṅgalakolāhalaṃ</span> nāma. Suddhāvāsā eva devā ‘‘sattannaṃ vassānaṃ accayena aññataro bhikkhu bhagavatā saddhiṃ samāgamma moneyyappaṭipadaṃ pucchissatī’’ti manussapathe vicaritvā ārocenti. Idaṃ <span class="bld">moneyyakolāhalaṃ</span> nāma. Imesu pañcasu kolāhalesu devamanussānaṃ idaṃ maṅgalakolāhalaṃ loke uppajji.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha devesu ca manussesu ca vicinitvā vicinitvā maṅgalāni alabhamānesu dvādasannaṃ vassānaṃ accayena tāvatiṃsakāyikā devatā saṅgamma samāgamma evaṃ samacintesuṃ ‘‘seyyathāpi nāma gharasāmiko antogharajanānaṃ, gāmasāmiko gāmavāsīnaṃ<a name="P0.0122"></a>, rājā sabbamanussānaṃ, evameva ayaṃ sakko devānamindo amhākaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca yadidaṃ puññena tejena issariyena paññāya dvinnaṃ devalokānaṃ adhipati, yaṃnūna mayaṃ sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etamatthaṃ puccheyyāmā’’ti. Tā sakkassa santikaṃ gantvā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ taṅkhaṇānurūpanivāsanābharaṇasassirikasarīraṃ aḍḍhateyyakoṭiaccharāgaṇaparivutaṃ pāricchattakamūle paṇḍukambalavarāsane nisinnaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ ṭhatvā etadavocuṃ ‘‘yagghe, mārisa, jāneyyāsi, etarahi maṅgalapañhā samuṭṭhitā, eke ‘diṭṭhaṃ maṅgala’nti vadanti, eke ‘sutaṃ maṅgala’nti, eke ‘mutaṃ maṅgala’nti, tattha mayañca aññe ca aniṭṭhaṅgatā, sādhu vata no tvaṃ yāthāvato byākarohī’’ti. Devarājā pakatiyāpi paññavā ‘‘ayaṃ maṅgalakathā kattha paṭhamaṃ samuṭṭhitā’’ti āha. ‘‘Mayaṃ, deva, cātumahārājikānaṃ assumhā’’ti āhaṃsu. Tato cātumahārājikā ākāsaṭṭhadevatānaṃ, ākāsaṭṭhadevatā bhummadevatānaṃ, bhummadevatā manussārakkhadevatānaṃ, manussārakkhadevatā ‘‘manussaloke samuṭṭhitā’’ti āhaṃsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha devānamindo ‘‘sammāsambuddho kattha vasatī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Manussaloke devā’’ti āhaṃsu. Taṃ bhagavantaṃ koci pucchīti, na koci devāti<a name="M0.0103"></a>. Kinnu nāma tumhe mārisā aggiṃ chaḍḍetvā khajjopanakaṃ ujjāletha, yena tumhe anavasesamaṅgaladesakaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ atikkamitvā maṃ pucchitabbaṃ maññatha, āgacchatha mārisā, taṃ bhagavantaṃ pucchāma, addhā sassirikaṃ pañhaveyyākaraṇaṃ labhissāmāti ekaṃ devaputtaṃ āṇāpesi ‘‘taṃ bhagavantaṃ pucchā’’ti. So <a name="P0.0123"></a> devaputto <a name="V0.0098"></a> taṅkhaṇānurūpena alaṅkārena attānaṃ alaṅkaritvā vijjuriva vijjotamāno devagaṇaparivuto jetavanamahāvihāraṃ gantvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ ṭhatvā maṅgalapañhaṃ pucchanto gāthāya ajjhabhāsi <span class="bld">‘‘bahū devā manussā cā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ maṅgalapañhasamuṭṭhānaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Bahūdevātigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para2"></a><span class="paranum">2</span>. Idāni gāthāpadānaṃ atthavaṇṇanā hoti. <span class="bld">Bahū</span>ti aniyamitasaṅkhyāniddeso, tena anekasatā anekasahassā anekasatasahassāti vuttaṃ hoti. Dibbantīti <span class="bld">devā,</span> pañcahi kāmaguṇehi kīḷanti, attano vā siriyā jotentīti attho. Apica <span class="bld">devā</span>ti tividhā devā sammutiupapattivisuddhivasena. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Devāti tayo devā – sammutidevā, upapattidevā, visuddhidevā. Tattha sammutidevā nāma rājāno deviyo rājakumārā. Upapattidevā nāma cātumahārājike deve upādāya taduttaridevā. Visuddhidevā nāma arahanto vuccantī’’ti (cūḷani. dhotakamāṇavapucchāniddesa 32, pārāyanānugītigāthāniddesa 119).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tesu idha upapattidevā adhippetā. Manuno apaccāti <span class="bld">manussā</span>. Porāṇā pana bhaṇanti – manaso ussannatāya manussā. Te jambudīpakā, aparagoyānakā, uttarakurukā, pubbavidehakāti catubbidhā, idha jambudīpakā adhippetā. Maṅgalanti mahanti imehi sattāti <span class="bld">maṅgalāni,</span> iddhiṃ vuddhiñca pāpuṇantīti attho. <span class="bld">Acintayu</span>nti cintesuṃ <span class="bld">ākaṅkhamānā</span>ti icchamānā patthayamānā pihayamānā. <span class="bld">Sotthāna</span>nti sotthibhāvaṃ, sabbesaṃ diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikānaṃ sobhanānaṃ sundarānaṃ kalyāṇānaṃ dhammānamatthitanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Brūhī</span>ti desehi pakāsehi, ācikkha vivara <a name="M0.0104"></a> vibhaja <a name="P0.0124"></a> uttānīkarohi. <span class="bld">Maṅgala</span>nti iddhikāraṇaṃ vuddhikāraṇaṃ sabbasampattikāraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Uttama</span>nti visiṭṭhaṃ pavaraṃ sabbalokahitasukhāvahanti ayaṃ gāthāya <span class="bld">anupubbapadavaṇṇanā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana <span class="bld">piṇḍattho</span> – so devaputto dasasahassacakkavāḷesu devatā maṅgalapañhaṃ sotukāmatāya imasmiṃ cakkavāḷe sannipatitvā ekavālaggakoṭiokāsamatte dasapi vīsampi tiṃsampi <a name="V0.0099"></a> cattālīsampi paññāsampi saṭṭhipi sattatipi asītipi sukhumattabhāve nimminitvā sabbadevamārabrahmāno siriyā ca tejasā ca adhiggayha virocamānaṃ paññattavarabuddhāsane nisinnaṃ bhagavantaṃ parivāretvā ṭhitā disvā tasmiñca samaye anāgatānampi sakalajambudīpakānaṃ manussānaṃ cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya sabbadevamanussānaṃ vicikicchāsallasamuddharaṇatthaṃ āha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bahū devā manussā ca, maṅgalāni acintayuṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ākaṅkhamānā sotthānaṃ, brūhi maṅgalamuttama’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tāsaṃ devatānaṃ anumatiyā manussānañca anuggahena mayā puṭṭho samāno yaṃ sabbesameva amhākaṃ ekantahitasukhāvahato uttamaṃ maṅgalaṃ, taṃ no anukampaṃ upādāya brūhi bhagavāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Asevanācātigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para3"></a><span class="paranum">3</span>. Evametaṃ devaputtassa vacanaṃ sutvā bhagavā <span class="bld">‘‘asevanā ca bālāna’’</span>nti gāthamāha. Tattha <span class="bld">asevanā</span>ti abhajanā apayirupāsanā. <span class="bld">Bālāna</span>nti balanti assasantīti bālā, assasitapassasitamattena jīvanti, na paññājīvitenāti adhippāyo. Tesaṃ <span class="bld">bālānaṃ. Paṇḍitāna</span>nti paṇḍantīti paṇḍitā, sandiṭṭhikasamparāyikesu atthesu ñāṇagatiyā gacchantīti <a name="P0.0125"></a> adhippāyo. Tesaṃ <span class="bld">paṇḍitānaṃ. Sevanā</span>ti bhajanā payirupāsanā taṃsahāyatā taṃsampavaṅkatā taṃsamaṅgitā <span class="bld">pūjā</span>ti sakkāragarukāramānanavandanā. <span class="bld">Pūjaneyyāna</span>nti pūjārahānaṃ. <span class="bld">Etaṃ maṅgalamuttama</span>nti yā ca bālānaṃ asevanā, yā ca paṇḍitānaṃ sevanā, yā ca pūjaneyyānaṃ pūjā, taṃ sabbaṃ sampiṇḍetvā āha ‘‘etaṃ maṅgalamuttama’’nti. Yaṃ tayā puṭṭhaṃ ‘‘brūhi maṅgalamuttama’’nti, ettha tāva etaṃ maṅgalamuttamanti gaṇhāhīti vuttaṃ hoti. Ayametissā gāthāya <span class="bld">padavaṇṇanā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Atthavaṇṇanā</span> <a name="M0.0105"></a> panassā evaṃ veditabbā – evametaṃ devaputtassa vacanaṃ sutvā bhagavā ‘‘asevanā ca bālāna’’nti imaṃ gāthamāha. Tattha yasmā catubbidhā gāthā pucchitagāthā, apucchitagāthā, sānusandhikagāthā, ananusandhikagāthāti. Tattha ‘‘pucchāmi taṃ, gotama, bhūripañña, kathaṅkaro sāvako sādhu hotī’’ti (su. ni. 378) ca ‘‘kathaṃ nu tvaṃ, mārisa, oghamatarī’’ti <a name="V0.0100"></a> (saṃ. ni. 1.1) ca evamādīsu pucchitena kathitā pucchitagāthā. ‘‘Yaṃ pare sukhato āhu, tadariyā āhu dukkhato’’ti evamādīsu (su. ni. 767) apucchitena attajjhāsayavasena kathitā apucchitagāthā. Sabbāpi buddhānaṃ gāthā ‘‘sanidānāhaṃ, bhikkhave, dhammaṃ desessāmī’’ti (a. ni. 3.126; kathā. 806) vacanato sānusandhikagāthā. Ananusandhikagāthā imasmiṃ sāsane natthi. Evametāsu gāthāsu ayaṃ devaputtena pucchitena bhagavatā kathitattā pucchitagāthā. Ayañca yathā cheko puriso kusalo maggassa kusalo amaggassa maggaṃ puṭṭho paṭhamaṃ vijahitabbaṃ ācikkhitvā pacchā gahetabbaṃ ācikkhati ‘‘asukasmiṃ nāma ṭhāne dvedhāpatho hoti, tattha vāmaṃ muñcitvā dakkhiṇaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti, evaṃ sevitabbāsevitabbesu asevitabbaṃ ācikkhitvā sevitabbaṃ ācikkhati<a name="P0.0126"></a>. Bhagavā ca maggakusalapurisasadiso. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Puriso maggakusaloti kho, tissa, tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassa. So hi kusalo imassa lokassa, kusalo parassa lokassa, kusalo maccudheyyassa, kusalo amaccudheyyassa, kusalo māradheyyassa, kusalo amāradheyyassā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmā paṭhamaṃ asevitabbaṃ ācikkhanto āha – ‘‘asevanā ca bālānaṃ, paṇḍitānañca sevanā’’ti. Vijahitabbamaggo viya hi paṭhamaṃ bālā na sevitabbā na payirupāsitabbā, tato gahetabbamaggo viya paṇḍitā sevitabbā payirupāsitabbāti. Kasmā pana bhagavatā maṅgalaṃ kathentena paṭhamaṃ bālānamasevanā paṇḍitānañca sevanā kathitāti? Vuccate – yasmā imaṃ diṭṭhādīsu maṅgaladiṭṭhiṃ bālasevanāya devamanussā gaṇhiṃsu, sā ca amaṅgalaṃ, tasmā tesaṃ taṃ idhalokaparalokatthabhañjakaṃ akalyāṇamittasaṃsaggaṃ garahantena ubhayalokatthasādhakañca kalyāṇamittasaṃsaggaṃ <a name="M0.0106"></a> pasaṃsantena bhagavatā paṭhamaṃ bālānamasevanā paṇḍitānañca sevanā kathitāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">bālā</span> nāma ye keci pāṇātipātādiakusalakammapathasamannāgatā sattā, te tīhākārehi jānitabbā. Yathāha ‘‘tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, bālassa bālalakkhaṇānī’’ti suttaṃ (a. ni. 3.3; ma. ni. 3.246). Apica pūraṇakassapādayo cha satthāro, devadattakokālikakaṭamodakatissakhaṇḍadeviyāputtasamuddadattaciñcamāṇavikādayo atītakāle ca dīghavidassa bhātāti ime aññe <a name="P0.0127"></a> ca evarūpā sattā bālāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Te <a name="V0.0101"></a> aggipadittamiva agāraṃ attanā duggahitena attānañceva attano vacanakārake ca vināsenti. Yathā dīghavidassa bhātā catubuddhantaraṃ saṭṭhiyojanamattena attabhāvena uttāno patito mahāniraye paccati, yathā ca tassa diṭṭhiṃ abhirucanakāni pañca kulasatāni tasseva sahabyataṃ upapannāni mahāniraye paccanti. Vuttañcetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, naḷāgārā vā tiṇāgārā vā aggi mutto kūṭāgārānipi ḍahati ullittāvalittāni nivātāni phusitaggaḷāni pihitavātapānāni, evameva kho, bhikkhave, yāni kānici bhayāni uppajjanti, sabbāni tāni bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. Ye keci upaddavā uppajjanti…pe… ye keci upasaggā…pe… no paṇḍitato. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sappaṭibhayo bālo, appaṭibhayo paṇḍito. Saupaddavo bālo, anupaddavo paṇḍito, saupasaggo bālo, anupasaggo paṇḍito’’ti (a. ni. 3.1).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica pūtimacchasadiso bālo, pūtimacchabandhapattapuṭasadiso hoti tadupasevī, chaḍḍanīyataṃ jigucchanīyatañca pāpuṇāti viññūnaṃ. Vuttañcetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pūtimacchaṃ kusaggena, yo naro upanayhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kusāpi pūtī vāyanti, evaṃ bālūpasevanā’’ti. (jā. 1.15.183; 2.22.1257);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Akittipaṇḍito cāpi sakkena devānamindena vare diyyamāne evamāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bālaṃ <a name="M0.0107"></a> na passe na suṇe, na ca bālena saṃvase;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bālenallāpasallāpaṃ, na kare na ca rocaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kinnu te akaraṃ bālo, vada kassapa kāraṇaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kena kassapa bālassa, dassanaṃ nābhikaṅkhasi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Anayaṃ nayati dummedho, adhurāyaṃ niyuñjati;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Dunnayo seyyaso hoti, sammā vutto pakuppati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vinayaṃ so na jānāti, sādhu tassa adassana’’nti. (jā. 1.13.90-92);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="V0.0102"></a><a name="P0.0128"></a> bhagavā sabbākārena bālūpasevanaṃ garahanto ‘‘bālānamasevanā maṅgala’’nti vatvā idāni paṇḍitasevanaṃ pasaṃsanto <span class="bld">‘‘paṇḍitānañca sevanā maṅgala’’</span>nti āha. Tattha <span class="bld">paṇḍitā nāma</span> ye keci pāṇātipātāveramaṇiādidasakusalakammapathasamannāgatā sattā, te tīhākārehi jānitabbā. Yathāha ‘‘tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, paṇḍitassa paṇḍitalakkhaṇānī’’ti (a. ni. 3.3; ma. ni. 3.253) suttaṃ. Apica buddhapaccekabuddhaasītimahāsāvakā aññe ca tathāgatassa sāvakā sunettamahāgovindavidhurasarabhaṅgamahosadhasutasomanimirāja- ayogharakumāraakittipaṇḍitādayo ca paṇḍitāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Te bhaye viya rakkhā andhakāre viya padīpo khuppipāsādidukkhābhibhave viya annapānādippaṭilābho attano vacanakarānaṃ sabbabhayupaddavūpasaggaviddhaṃsanasamatthā honti. Tathā hi tathāgataṃ āgamma asaṅkhyeyyā aparimāṇā devamanussā āsavakkhayaṃ pattā, brahmaloke patiṭṭhitā, devaloke patiṭṭhitā, sugatiloke uppannā, sāriputtatthere cittaṃ pasādetvā catūhi ca paccayehi theraṃ upaṭṭhahitvā asīti kulasahassāni sagge nibbattāni. Tathā mahāmoggallānamahākassapappabhutīsu sabbamahāsāvakesu, sunettassa satthuno sāvakā appekacce brahmaloke uppajjiṃsu, appekacce paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ…pe… appekacce gahapatimahāsālānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjiṃsu. Vuttampi cetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Natthi, bhikkhave, paṇḍitato bhayaṃ, natthi paṇḍitato upaddavo, natthi paṇḍitato upasaggo’’ti (a. ni. 3.1).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica <a name="M0.0108"></a> tagaramālādigandhasadiso paṇḍito, tagaramālādigandhabandhapaliveṭhanapattasadiso hoti tadupasevī, bhāvanīyataṃ manuññatañca āpajjati viññūnaṃ. Vuttampi cetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tagarañca <a name="P0.0129"></a> palāsena, yo naro upanayhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pattāpi surabhī vāyanti, evaṃ dhīrūpasevanā’’ti. (itivu. 76; jā. 1.15.184; 2.22.1258);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Akittipaṇḍito cāpi sakkena devānamindena vare diyyamāne evamāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dhīraṃ <a name="V0.0103"></a> passe suṇe dhīraṃ, dhīrena saha saṃvase;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dhīrenallāpasallāpaṃ, taṃ kare tañca rocaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kinnu te akaraṃ dhīro, vada kassapa kāraṇaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kena kassapa dhīrassa, dassanaṃ abhikaṅkhasi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nayaṃ nayati medhāvī, adhurāyaṃ na yuñjati;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sunayo seyyaso hoti, sammā vutto na kuppati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vinayaṃ so pajānāti, sādhu tena samāgamo’’ti. (jā. 1.13.94-96);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bhagavā sabbākārena paṇḍitasevanaṃ pasaṃsanto ‘‘paṇḍitānaṃ sevanā maṅgala’’nti vatvā idāni tāya bālānaṃ asevanāya paṇḍitānaṃ sevanāya ca anupubbena pūjaneyyabhāvaṃ upagatānaṃ pūjaṃ pasaṃsanto <span class="bld">‘‘pūjā ca pūjaneyyānaṃ maṅgala’’</span>nti āha. Tattha <span class="bld">pūjaneyyā</span> nāma sabbadosavirahitattā sabbaguṇasamannāgatattā ca buddhā bhagavanto, tato pacchā paccekabuddhā, ariyasāvakā ca. Tesañhi pūjā appakāpi dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya hoti, sumanamālākāramallikādayo cettha nidassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatthekaṃ nidassanamattaṃ bhaṇāma – bhagavā hi ekadivasaṃ pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Atha kho sumanamālākāro rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa pupphāni gahetvā gacchanto addasa bhagavantaṃ nagaradvāramanuppattaṃ pāsādikaṃ pasādanīyaṃ dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāsītānubyañjanappaṭimaṇḍitaṃ buddhasiriyā jalantaṃ, disvānassa <a name="P0.0130"></a> etadahosi ‘‘rājā pupphāni gahetvā sataṃ vā sahassaṃ vā dadeyya<a name="M0.0109"></a>, tañca idhalokamattameva sukhaṃ bhaveyya, bhagavato pana pūjā appameyyaasaṅkhyeyyaphalā dīgharattaṃ hitasukhāvahā hoti, handāhaṃ imehi pupphehi bhagavantaṃ pūjemī’’ti pasannacitto ekaṃ pupphamuṭṭhiṃ gahetvā bhagavato paṭimukhaṃ khipi, pupphāni ākāsena gantvā bhagavato upari mālāvitānaṃ hutvā aṭṭhaṃsu. Mālākāro tamānubhāvaṃ disvā pasannataracitto puna ekaṃ pupphamuṭṭhiṃ khipi, tānipi gantvā mālākañcuko hutvā aṭṭhaṃsu. Evaṃ aṭṭha pupphamuṭṭhiyo khipi, tāni gantvā pupphakūṭāgāraṃ hutvā aṭṭhaṃsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhagavā antokūṭāgāre ahosi, mahājanakāyo sannipati. Bhagavā mālākāraṃ passanto sitaṃ <a name="V0.0104"></a> pātvākāsi. Ānandatthero ‘‘na buddhā ahetū apaccayā sitaṃ pātukarontī’’ti sitakāraṇaṃ pucchi. Bhagavā āha ‘‘eso, ānanda, mālākāro imissā pūjāya ānubhāvena satasahassakappe devesu ca manussesu ca saṃsaritvā pariyosāne sumanissaro nāma paccekabuddho bhavissatī’’ti. Vacanapariyosāne dhammadesanatthaṃ imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tañca kammaṃ kataṃ sādhu, yaṃ katvā nānutappati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yassa patīto sumano, vipākaṃ paṭisevatī’’ti. (dha. pa. 68);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gāthāvasāne caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Evaṃ appakāpi tesaṃ pūjā dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya hotīti veditabbā. Sā ca āmisapūjāva, ko pana vādo paṭipattipūjāya? Yato ye kulaputtā saraṇagamanasikkhāpadappaṭiggahaṇena uposathaṅgasamādānena catupārisuddhisīlādīhi ca attano guṇehi bhagavantaṃ pūjenti, ko tesaṃ pūjāphalaṃ vaṇṇayissati? Te hi tathāgataṃ paramāya pūjāya pūjentīti vuttā. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yo kho, ānanda, bhikkhu vā bhikkhunī vā upāsako vā upāsikā vā dhammānudhammappaṭipanno viharati sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī, so tathāgataṃ sakkaroti garuṃ karoti māneti <a name="P0.0131"></a> pūjeti apaciyati paramāya pūjāyā’’ti (dī. ni. 2.199).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etenānusārena paccekabuddhaariyasāvakānampi pūjāya hitasukhāvahatā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica <a name="M0.0110"></a> gahaṭṭhānaṃ kaniṭṭhassa jeṭṭho bhātāpi bhaginīpi pūjaneyyā, puttassa mātāpitaro, kulavadhūnaṃ sāmikasassusasurāti evamettha pūjaneyyā veditabbā. Etesampi hi pūjā kusaladhammasaṅkhātattā āyuādivuḍḍhihetuttā ca maṅgalameva. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Te matteyyā bhavissanti petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino, idaṃ kusalaṃ dhammaṃ samādāya vattissanti, te tesaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samādānahetu āyunāpi vaḍḍhissanti, vaṇṇenapi vaḍḍhissantī’’tiādi (dī. ni. 3.105).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">yasmā ‘‘yaṃ yattha maṅgalaṃ. Vavatthapetvā taṃ tassa, maṅgalattaṃ vibhāvaye’’</span>ti iti mātikā <a name="V0.0105"></a> nikkhittā, tasmā idaṃ vuccati – evametissā gāthāya bālānaṃ asevanā, paṇḍitānaṃ sevanā, pūjaneyyānañca pūjāti tīṇi maṅgalāni vuttāni. Tattha bālānaṃ asevanā bālasevanapaccayabhayādiparittāṇena ubhayalokatthahetuttā, paṇḍitānaṃ sevanā pūjaneyyānaṃ pūjā ca tāsaṃ phalavibhūtivaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttanayeneva nibbānasugatihetuttā maṅgalanti veditabbā. Ito paraṃ tu mātikaṃ adassetvā eva yaṃ yattha maṅgalaṃ, taṃ vavatthapetvā tassa maṅgalattaṃ vibhāvayissāmāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Niṭṭhitā asevanā ca bālānanti imissā gāthāya atthavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Patirūpadesavāsocātigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para4"></a><span class="paranum">4</span>. Evaṃ bhagavā ‘‘brūhi maṅgalamuttama’’nti ekaṃ ajjhesitopi appaṃ yācito bahudāyako uḷārapuriso viya ekāya <a name="P0.0132"></a> gāthāya tīṇi maṅgalāni vatvā tato uttaripi devatānaṃ sotukāmatāya maṅgalānamatthitāya yesaṃ yesaṃ yaṃ yaṃ anukulaṃ, te te satte tattha tattha maṅgale niyojetukāmatāya ca <span class="bld">‘‘patirūpadesavāso cā</span>’’tiādīhi gāthāhi punapi anekāni maṅgalāni vattumāraddho. Tattha paṭhamagāthāya tāva <span class="bld">patirūpo</span>ti anucchaviko. <span class="bld">Deso</span>ti gāmopi nigamopi nagarampi janapadopi yo koci sattānaṃ nivāso okāso. <span class="bld">Vāso</span>ti tattha <a name="M0.0111"></a> nivāso. <span class="bld">Pubbe</span>ti purā atītāsu jātīsu. <span class="bld">Katapuññatā</span>ti upacitakusalatā. <span class="bld">Attā</span>ti cittaṃ vuccati sakalo vā attabhāvo, <span class="bld">sammāpaṇidhī</span>ti tassa attano sammā paṇidhānaṃ niyuñjanaṃ, ṭhapananti vuttaṃ hoti. Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti. Ayamettha <span class="bld">padavaṇṇanā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Atthavaṇṇanā</span> pana evaṃ veditabbā – <span class="bld">patirūpadesavāso</span> nāma yattha catasso parisā vicaranti, dānādīni puññakiriyavatthūni vattanti, navaṅgaṃ satthu sāsanaṃ dibbati, tattha nivāso sattānaṃ puññakiriyāya paccayattā maṅgalanti vuccati. Sīhaḷadīpapaviṭṭhakevaṭṭādayo cettha nidassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo nayo – patirūpadesavāso nāma bhagavato bodhimaṇḍappadeso dhammacakkavattitappadeso dvādasayojanāya parisāya majjhe sabbatitthiyamataṃ bhinditvā yamakapāṭihāriyadassitakaṇḍamba rukkhamūlappadeso devorohaṇappadeso, yo vā panaññopi sāvatthirājagahādi <a name="V0.0106"></a> buddhādhivāsappadeso, tattha nivāso sattānaṃ chaanuttariyappaṭilābhapaccayato maṅgalanti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo nayo (mahāva. 259) – puratthimāya disāya gajaṅgalaṃ nāma nigamo, tassa parena mahāsālā, tato paraṃ paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Dakkhiṇapuratthimāya disāya sallavatī nāma nadī, tato paraṃ paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Dakkhiṇāya disāya <a name="P0.0133"></a> setakaṇṇikaṃ nāma nigamo, tato paraṃ paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Pacchimāya disāya <span class="bld">thūṇaṃ</span> nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tato paraṃ paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Uttarāya disāya usīraddhajo nāma pabbato, tato paraṃ paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Ayaṃ majjhimadeso āyāmena tīṇi yojanasatāni, vitthārena aḍḍhateyyāni, parikkhepena nava yojanasatāni honti. Eso patirūpadeso nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha catunnaṃ mahādīpānaṃ dvisahassānaṃ parittadīpānañca issariyādhipaccakārakā cakkavattī uppajjanti, ekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ kappasatasahassañca pāramiyo pūretvā sāriputtamoggallānādayo mahāsāvakā uppajjanti, dve asaṅkhyeyyāni kappasatasahassañca pāramiyo pūretvā paccekabuddhā, cattāri aṭṭha soḷasa vā asaṅkhyeyyāni kappasatasahassañca pāramiyo pūretvā <a name="M0.0112"></a> sammāsambuddhā uppajjanti. Tattha sattā cakkavattirañño ovādaṃ gahetvā pañcasu sīlesu patiṭṭhāya saggaparāyaṇā honti. Tathā paccekabuddhānaṃ ovāde patiṭṭhāya, sammāsambuddhānaṃ pana buddhasāvakānaṃ ovāde patiṭṭhāya saggaparāyaṇā nibbānaparāyaṇā ca honti. Tasmā tattha vāso imāsaṃ sampattīnaṃ paccayato maṅgalanti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pubbe katapuññatā</span> nāma atītajātiyaṃ buddhapaccekabuddhakhīṇāsave ārabbha upacitakusalatā, sāpi maṅgalaṃ. Kasmā? Buddhapaccekabuddhasammukhato dassetvā buddhānaṃ buddhasāvakānaṃ vā sammukhā sutāya catuppadikāyapi gāthāya pariyosāne arahattaṃ pāpetīti katvā. Yo ca manusso pubbe katādhikāro ussannakusalamūlo hoti, so teneva kusalamūlena vipassanaṃ uppādetvā āsavakkhayaṃ pāpuṇāti yathā rājā mahākappino aggamahesī ca. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘pubbe ca katapuññatā maṅgala’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Attasammāpaṇidhi</span> <a name="P0.0134"></a> nāma idhekacco attānaṃ dussīlaṃ sīle patiṭṭhāpeti, assaddhaṃ saddhāsampadāya patiṭṭhāpeti, macchariṃ cāgasampadāya patiṭṭhāpeti. Ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘attasammāpaṇidhī’’ti<a name="V0.0107"></a>, eso ca maṅgalaṃ. Kasmā? Diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaverappahānavividhānisaṃsādhigamahetutoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ imissāpi gāthāya patirūpadesavāso ca, pubbe ca katapuññatā, attasammāpaṇidhī cāti tīṇiyeva maṅgalāni vuttāni. Maṅgalattañca nesaṃ tattha tattha vibhāvitamevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Niṭṭhitā patirūpadesavāso cāti imissā gāthāya atthavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Bāhusaccañcātigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para5"></a><span class="paranum">5</span>. Idāni <span class="bld">bāhusaccañcā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">bāhusacca</span>nti bahussutabhāvo. <span class="bld">Sippa</span>nti yaṃ kiñci hatthakosallaṃ. <span class="bld">Vinayo</span>ti kāyavācācittavinayanaṃ. <span class="bld">Susikkhito</span>ti suṭṭhu sikkhito. <span class="bld">Subhāsitā</span>ti suṭṭhu bhāsitā. <span class="bld">Yā</span>ti aniyataniddeso. <span class="bld">Vācā</span>ti girā byappatho. Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti. Ayamettha <span class="bld">padavaṇṇanā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Atthavaṇṇanā</span> <a name="M0.0113"></a> pana evaṃ veditabbā – <span class="bld">bāhusaccaṃ</span> nāma yaṃ taṃ ‘‘sutadharo hoti sutasannicayo’’ti (ma. ni. 1.339; a. ni. 4.22) ca ‘‘idhekaccassa bahukaṃ sutaṃ hoti, suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇa’’nti ca (a. ni. 4.6) evamādinā nayena satthusāsanadharattaṃ vaṇṇitaṃ, taṃ akusalappahānakusalādhigamahetuto anupubbena paramatthasaccasacchikiriyāhetuto ca maṅgalanti vuccati. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Sutavā ca kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako akusalaṃ pajahati, kusalaṃ bhāveti, sāvajjaṃ pajahati, anavajjaṃ bhāveti, suddhamattānaṃ pariharatī’’ti (a. ni. 7.67).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparampi vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Dhatānaṃ dhammānaṃ atthamupaparikkhati, atthaṃ upaparikkhato dhammā nijjhānaṃ khamanti, dhammanijjhānakkhantiyā sati chando jāyati, chandajāto ussahati, ussahanto tulayati<a name="V0.0108"></a>, tulayanto padahati padahanto kāyena ceva paramatthasaccaṃ sacchikaroti, paññāya ca ativijjha <a name="P0.0135"></a> passatī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.432).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica agārikabāhusaccampi yaṃ anavajjaṃ, taṃ ubhayalokahitasukhāvahanato maṅgalanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sippaṃ</span> nāma agārikasippañca anagārikasippañca. Tattha agārikasippaṃ nāma yaṃ parūparodhavirahitaṃ akusalavivajjitaṃ maṇikārasuvaṇṇakārakammādikaṃ, taṃ idhalokatthāvahanato maṅgalaṃ. Anagārikasippaṃ nāma cīvaravicāraṇasibbanādisamaṇaparikkhārābhisaṅkharaṇaṃ, yaṃ taṃ ‘‘idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yāni tāni sabrahmacārīnaṃ uccāvacāni kiṃ karaṇīyāni, tattha dakkho hotī’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 3.345; 360; a. ni. 10.17) nayena tattha tattha saṃvaṇṇitaṃ, yaṃ ‘‘nāthakaro dhammo’’ti ca vuttaṃ, taṃ attano ca paresañca ubhayalokahitasukhāvahanato maṅgalanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vinayo</span> nāma agārikavinayo ca anagārikavinayo ca. Tattha agārikavinayo nāma dasaakusalakammapathaviramaṇaṃ, so tattha susikkhito asaṃkilesāpajjanena ācāraguṇavavatthānena ca ubhayalokahitasukhāvahanato <a name="M0.0114"></a> maṅgalaṃ. Anagārikavinayo nāma sattāpattikkhandhaanāpajjanaṃ, sopi vuttanayeneva susikkhito, catupārisuddhisīlaṃ vā anagārikavinayo, so yathā tattha patiṭṭhāya arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti, evaṃ sikkhanena susikkhito lokiyalokuttarasukhādhigamahetuto maṅgalanti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Subhāsitā vācā</span> nāma musāvādādidosavirahitā. Yathāha ‘‘catūhi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato vācā subhāsitā hotī’’ti (su. ni. subhāsitasuttaṃ). Asamphappalāpā vācā eva vā subhāsitā. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Subhāsitaṃ uttamamāhu santo,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Dhammaṃ bhaṇe nādhammaṃ taṃ dutiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Piyaṃ bhaṇe nāppiyaṃ taṃ tatiyaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saccaṃ bhaṇe nālikaṃ taṃ catuttha’’nti. (su. ni. 452);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayampi <a name="V0.0109"></a><a name="P0.0136"></a> ubhayalokahitasukhāvahanato maṅgalanti veditabbā. Yasmā ca ayaṃ vinayapariyāpannā eva, tasmā vinayaggahaṇena etaṃ asaṅgaṇhitvā vinayo saṅgahetabbo. Atha vā kiṃ iminā parissamena paresaṃ dhammadesanādivācā idha subhāsitā vācāti veditabbā. Sā hi yathā patirūpadesavāso, evaṃ sattānaṃ ubhayalokahitasukhanibbānādhigamapaccayato maṅgalanti vuccati. Āha ca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yaṃ buddho bhāsati vācaṃ, khemaṃ nibbānapattiyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dukkhassantakiriyāya, sā ve vācānamuttamā’’ti. (su. ni. 456);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ imissā gāthāya bāhusaccaṃ, sippaṃ, vinayo susikkhito, subhāsitā vācāti cattāri maṅgalāni vuttāni. Maṅgalattañca nesaṃ tattha tattha vibhāvitamevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Niṭṭhitā bāhusaccañcāti imissā gāthāya atthavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Mātāpituupaṭṭhānantigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para6"></a><span class="paranum">6</span>. Idāni <a name="M0.0115"></a> <span class="bld">mātāpituupaṭṭhāna</span>nti ettha mātu ca pitu cāti <span class="bld">mātāpitu. Upaṭṭhāna</span>nti upaṭṭhahanaṃ. Puttānañca dārānañcāti <span class="bld">puttadārassa</span> saṅgaṇhanaṃ <span class="bld">saṅgaho</span>. Na ākulā <span class="bld">anākulā</span>. Kammāni eva <span class="bld">kammantā</span>. Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti ayaṃ <span class="bld">padavaṇṇanā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Atthavaṇṇanā</span> pana evaṃ veditabbā – <span class="bld">mātā</span> nāma janikā vuccati, tathā <span class="bld">pitā. Upaṭṭhānaṃ</span> nāma pādadhovanasambāhanucchādananhāpanehi catupaccayasampadānena ca upakārakaraṇaṃ. Tattha yasmā mātāpitaro bahūpakārā puttānaṃ atthakāmā anukampakā, ye puttake bahi kīḷitvā paṃsumakkhitasarīrake āgate disvā paṃsuṃ puñchitvā matthakaṃ upasiṅghāyantā paricumbantā ca sinehaṃ uppādenti, vassasatampi mātāpitaro sīsena pariharantā puttā tesaṃ patikāraṃ kātuṃ asamatthā. Yasmā ca te āpādakā posakā imassa lokassa dassetāro, brahmasammatā pubbācariyasammatā, tasmā tesaṃ <a name="P0.0137"></a> upaṭṭhānaṃ idha pasaṃsaṃ, pecca saggasukhañca āvahati. Tena maṅgalanti vuccati. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Brahmāti <a name="V0.0110"></a> mātāpitaro, pubbācariyāti vuccare;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Āhuneyyā ca puttānaṃ, pajāya anukampakā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tasmā hi ne namasseyya, sakkareyya ca paṇḍito;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Annena atha pānena, vatthena sayanena ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ucchādanena nhāpanena, pādānaṃ dhovanena ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tāya naṃ pāricariyāya, mātāpitūsu paṇḍitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Idheva naṃ pasaṃsanti, pecca sagge pamodatī’’ti. (itivu. 106; jā. 2.20.181-183);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo nayo – <span class="bld">upaṭṭhānaṃ</span> nāma bharaṇakiccakaraṇakulavaṃsaṭṭhapanādipañcavidhaṃ, taṃ pāpanivāraṇādipañcavidhadiṭṭhadhammikahitasukhahetuto maṅgalanti veditabbaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhātabbā bhato ne bharissāmi, kiccaṃ nesaṃ karissāmi<a name="M0.0116"></a>, kulavaṃsaṃ ṭhapessāmi, dāyajjaṃ paṭipajjissāmi, atha vā pana petānaṃ kālakatānaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ anuppadassāmī’ti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi puttaṃ anukampanti, pāpā nivārenti, kalyāṇe nivesenti, sippaṃ sikkhāpenti, patirūpena dārena saṃyojenti, samaye dāyajjaṃ niyyādentī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.267).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica yo mātāpitaro tīsu vatthūsu <a name="P0.0138"></a> pasāduppādanena, sīlasamādāpanena, pabbajjāya vā upaṭṭhahati, ayaṃ mātāpituupaṭṭhākānaṃ aggo. Tassa taṃ mātāpituupaṭṭhānaṃ mātāpitūhi katassa upakārassa paccupakārabhūtaṃ anekesaṃ diṭṭhadhammikānaṃ samparāyikānañca atthānaṃ padaṭṭhānato maṅgalanti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Puttadārassā</span>ti ettha attato jātā puttāpi dhītaropi <span class="bld">puttā</span>icceva saṅkhyaṃ gacchanti. <span class="bld">Dārā</span>ti vīsatiyā bhariyānaṃ yā kāci bhariyā. Puttā ca dārā ca puttadāraṃ, tassa puttadārassa. <span class="bld">Saṅgaho</span>ti sammānanādīhi upakārakaraṇaṃ. Taṃ susaṃvihitakammantatādidiṭṭhadhammikahitasukhahetuto <a name="V0.0111"></a> maṅgalanti veditabbaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – ‘‘pacchimā disā puttadārā veditabbā’’ti ettha uddiṭṭhaṃ puttadāraṃ bhariyāsaddena saṅgaṇhitvā ‘‘pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhātabbā sammānanāya, anavamānanāya, anati cariyāya, issariyavossaggena, alaṅkārānuppadānena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikaṃ anukampati, susaṃvihitakammantā ca hoti, saṅgahitaparijanā ca, anaticārinī ca, sambhatañca anurakkhati dakkhā ca hoti analasā sabbakiccesū’’ti (dī. ni. 3.269).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ vā aparo nayo – <span class="bld">saṅgaho</span>ti dhammikāhi dānapiyavācātthacariyāhi saṅgaṇhanaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ – uposathadivasesu paribbayadānaṃ, nakkhattadivasesu nakkhattadassāpanaṃ, maṅgaladivasesu maṅgalakaraṇaṃ, diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikesu atthesu ovādānusāsananti. Taṃ vuttanayeneva diṭṭhadhammikahitahetuto <a name="P0.0139"></a> samparāyikahitahetuto devatāhipi namassanīyabhāvahetuto ca maṅgalanti veditabbaṃ. Yathāha sakko devānamindo –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ye <a name="M0.0117"></a> gahaṭṭhā puññakarā, sīlavanto upāsakā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dhammena dāraṃ posenti, te namassāmi mātalī’’ti. (saṃ.ni.1.1.264);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anākulā kammantā</span> nāma kālaññutāya patirūpakāritāya analasatāya uṭṭhānavīriyasampadāya, abyasanīyatāya ca kālātikkamanaappatirūpakaraṇasithilakaraṇādiākulabhāvavirahitā kasigorakkhavāṇijjādayo kammantā. Ete attano vā puttadārassa vā dāsakammakarānaṃ vā byattatāya evaṃ payojitā diṭṭheva dhamme dhanadhaññavuddhipaṭilābhahetuto maṅgalanti vuccanti. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Patirūpakārī dhuravā, uṭṭhātā vindate dhana’’nti ca (su. ni. 185; saṃ. ni. 1.246).</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Na divā soppasīlena, rattimuṭṭhānadessinā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Niccaṃ mattena soṇḍena, sakkā āvasituṃ gharaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Atisītaṃ <a name="V0.0112"></a> atiuṇhaṃ, atisāyamidaṃ ahu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Iti vissaṭṭhakammante, atthā accenti māṇave.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yodha sītañca uṇhañca, tiṇā bhiyyo na maññati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Karaṃ purisakiccāni, so sukhaṃ na vihāyatī’’ti. (dī. ni. 3.253);</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhoge saṃharamānassa, bhamarasseva irīyato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhogā sannicayaṃ yanti, vammikovūpacīyatī’’ti. ca evamādi (dī. ni. 3.265);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="P0.0140"></a> imissā gāthāya mātuupaṭṭhānaṃ, pituupaṭṭhānaṃ, puttadārassa saṅgaho, anākulā ca kammantāti cattāri maṅgalāni vuttāni, puttadārassa saṅgahaṃ vā dvidhā katvā pañca, mātāpituupaṭṭhānaṃ vā ekameva katvā tīṇi. Maṅgalattañca nesaṃ tattha tattha vibhāvitamevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Niṭṭhitā mātāpituupaṭṭhānanti imissā gāthāya atthavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dānañcātigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para7"></a><span class="paranum">7</span>. Idāni <span class="bld">dānañcā</span>ti ettha dīyate imināti dānaṃ, attano santakaṃ parassa paṭipādīyatīti vuttaṃ hoti. Dhammassa cariyā, dhammā vā anapetā cariyā <a name="M0.0118"></a> <span class="bld">dhammacariyā</span>. Ñāyante ‘‘amhākaṃ ime’’ti <span class="bld">ñātakā</span>. Na avajjāni <span class="bld">anavajjāni,</span> aninditāni agarahitānīti vuttaṃ hoti. Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti ayaṃ <span class="bld">padavaṇṇanā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Atthavaṇṇanā</span> pana evaṃ veditabbā – <span class="bld">dānaṃ</span> nāma paraṃ uddissa subuddhipubbikā annādidasadānavatthupariccāgacetanā, taṃsampayutto vā alobho. Alobhena hi taṃ vatthuṃ parassa paṭipādeti, tena vuttaṃ ‘‘dīyate imināti dāna’’nti. Taṃ bahujanapiyamanāpatādīnaṃ diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikānaṃ phalavisesānaṃ adhigamahetuto maṅgalanti vuccati. ‘‘Dāyako, sīha dānapati, bahuno janassa piyo hoti manāpo’’ti evamādīni (a. ni. 5.34) cettha suttāni anussaritabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo <a name="V0.0113"></a> nayo – dānaṃ nāma duvidhaṃ āmisadānaṃ, dhammadānañca, tattha <span class="bld">āmisadānaṃ</span> vuttappakārameva. Idhalokaparalokadukkhakkhayasukhāvahassa pana sammāsambuddhappaveditassa dhammassa paresaṃ hitakāmatāya desanā <span class="bld">dhammadānaṃ</span> <a name="P0.0141"></a> <span class="bld">,</span> imesañca dvinnaṃ dānānaṃ etadeva aggaṃ. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbadānaṃ dhammadānaṃ jināti,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sabbarasaṃ dhammaraso jināti;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Sabbaratiṃ dhammarati jināti,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Taṇhakkhayo sabbadukkhaṃ jinātī’’ti. (dha. pa. 354);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha āmisadānassa maṅgalattaṃ vuttameva. Dhammadānaṃ pana yasmā atthapaṭisaṃveditādīnaṃ guṇānaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ, tasmā maṅgalanti vuccati. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yathā yathā, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti, tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthapaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī cā’’ti evamādi (a. ni. 5.26).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhammacariyā</span> nāma dasakusalakammapathacariyā. Yathāha – ‘‘tividhā kho gahapatayo kāyena dhammacariyā samacariyā hotī’’ti evamādi. Sā panesā dhammacariyā saggalokūpapattihetuto maṅgalanti veditabbā. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – ‘‘dhammacariyāsamacariyāhetu kho gahapatayo evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjantī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.439).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ñātakā</span> <a name="M0.0119"></a> nāma mātito vā pitito vā yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā sambandhā. Tesaṃ bhogapārijuññena vā byādhipārijuññena vā abhihatānaṃ attano samīpaṃ āgatānaṃ yathābalaṃ ghāsacchādanadhanadhaññādīhi saṅgaho pasaṃsādīnaṃ diṭṭhadhammikānaṃ sugatigamanādīnañca samparāyikānaṃ visesādhigamānaṃ hetuto maṅgalanti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anavajjāni kammāni</span> nāma uposathaṅgasamādānaveyyāvaccakaraṇaārāmavanaropanasetukaraṇādīni kāyavacīmanosucaritakammāni. Tāni hi nānappakārahitasukhādhigamahetuto maṅgalanti vuccanti. ‘‘Ṭhānaṃ <a name="P0.0142"></a> kho panetaṃ, visākhe, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā <a name="V0.0114"></a> aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyyā’’ti evamādīni cettha suttāni (a. ni. 8.43) anussaritabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ imissā gāthāya dānañca, dhammacariyā ca, ñātakānañca saṅgaho, anavajjāni kammānīti cattāri maṅgalāni vuttāni. Maṅgalattañca nesaṃ tattha tattha vibhāvitamevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Niṭṭhitā dānañcāti imissā gāthāya atthavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Āratītigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para8"></a><span class="paranum">8</span>. Idāni <span class="bld">āratī viratī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">āratī</span>ti āramaṇaṃ, <span class="bld">viratī</span>ti viramaṇaṃ, viramanti vā etāya sattāti virati. <span class="bld">Pāpā</span>ti akusalā. Madanīyaṭṭhena majjaṃ, majjassa pānaṃ majjapānaṃ, tato <span class="bld">majjapānā</span>. Saṃyamanaṃ <span class="bld">saṃyamo</span> appamajjanaṃ <span class="bld">appamādo. Dhammesū</span>ti kusalesu. Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti ayaṃ <span class="bld">padavaṇṇanā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Atthavaṇṇanā</span> pana evaṃ veditabbā – <span class="bld">ārati</span> nāma pāpe ādīnavadassāvino manasā eva anabhirati. <span class="bld">Virati</span> nāma kammadvāravasena kāyavācāhi viramaṇaṃ, sā cesā virati nāma sampattavirati, samādānavirati, samucchedaviratīti tividhā hoti, tattha yā kulaputtassa attano jātiṃ vā kulaṃ vā gottaṃ vā paṭicca ‘‘na me etaṃ patirūpaṃ, yvāhaṃ <a name="M0.0120"></a> imaṃ pāṇaṃ haneyyaṃ, adinnaṃ ādiyeyya’’ntiādinā nayena sampattavatthuto virati, ayaṃ <span class="bld">sampattavirati</span> nāma. Sikkhāpadasamādānavasena pavattā <span class="bld">samādānavirati</span> nāma, yassā pavattito pabhuti kulaputto pāṇātipātādīni na karoti. Ariyamaggasampayuttā <span class="bld">samucchedavirati</span> nāma, yassā pavattito pabhuti ariyasāvakassa pañca bhayāni verāni vūpasantāni honti. <span class="bld">Pāpaṃ</span> nāma yaṃ taṃ ‘‘pāṇātipāto kho, gahapatiputta, kammakileso, adinnādānaṃ…pe… kāmesumicchācāro…pe… musāvādo’’ti evaṃ vitthāretvā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pāṇātipāto <a name="P0.0143"></a> adinnādānaṃ, musāvādo ca vuccati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paradāragamanañceva, nappasaṃsanti paṇḍitā’’ti. (dī. ni. 3.245) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ <a name="V0.0115"></a> gāthāya saṅgahitaṃ kammakilesasaṅkhātaṃ catubbidhaṃ akusalaṃ, tato pāpā. Sabbāpesā ārati ca virati ca diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikabhayaverappahānādinānappakāravisesādhigamahetuto maṅgalanti vuccati. ‘‘Pāṇātipātā paṭivirato kho, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvako’’tiādīni cettha suttāni anussaritabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Majjapānā saṃyamo</span> nāma pubbe vuttasurāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇiyā evetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Yasmā pana majjapāyī atthaṃ na jānāti, dhammaṃ na jānāti, mātu antarāyaṃ karoti, pitu buddhapaccekabuddhatathāgatasāvakānampi antarāyaṃ karoti, diṭṭheva dhamme garahaṃ samparāye duggatiṃ aparāpariye ummādañca pāpuṇāti. Majjapānā pana saṃyamo tesaṃ dosānaṃ vūpasamaṃ tabbiparītaguṇasampadañca pāpuṇāti. Tasmā ayaṃ majjapānā saṃyamo maṅgalanti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kusalesu dhammesu <span class="bld">appamādo</span> nāma ‘‘kusalānaṃ vā dhammānaṃ bhāvanāya asakkaccakiriyatā, asātaccakiriyatā, anaṭṭhitakiriyatā, olīnavuttitā, nikkhittachandatā, nikkhittadhuratā, anāsevanā, abhāvanā, abahulīkammaṃ, anadhiṭṭhānaṃ, ananuyogo, pamādo. Yo evarūpo pamādo pamajjanā pamajjitattaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati pamādo’’ti (vibha. 846). Ettha vuttassa pamādassa paṭipakkhavasena atthato kusalesu dhammesu satiyā avippavāso veditabbo. So nānappakārakusalādhigamahetuto amatādhigamahetuto ca maṅgalanti vuccati<a name="M0.0121"></a>. Tattha <a name="P0.0144"></a> ‘‘appamattassa ātāpino’’ti ca (ma. ni. 2.18; a. ni. 5.26), ‘‘appamādo amataṃ pada’’nti ca, evamādi (dha. pa. 21) satthu sāsanaṃ anussaritabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ imissā gāthāya pāpā virati, majjapānā saṃyamo, kusalesu dhammesu appamādoti tīṇi maṅgalāni vuttāni. Maṅgalattañca nesaṃ tattha tattha vibhāvitamevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Niṭṭhitā āratīti imissā gāthāya atthavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Gāravocātigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para9"></a><span class="paranum">9</span>. Idāni <span class="bld">gāravo cā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">gāravo</span>ti garubhāvo. <span class="bld">Nivāto</span>ti nīcavuttitā. <span class="bld">Santuṭṭhī</span>ti santoso<a name="V0.0116"></a>. Katassa jānanatā <span class="bld">kataññutā. Kālenā</span>ti khaṇena samayena. Dhammassa savanaṃ <span class="bld">dhammassavanaṃ</span>. Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti ayaṃ <span class="bld">padavaṇṇanā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Atthavaṇṇanā</span> pana evaṃ veditabbā – <span class="bld">gāravo</span> nāma garukārappayogārahesu buddhapaccekabuddhatathāgatasāvakaācariyupajjhāyamātāpitujeṭṭhakabhātikabhaginīādīsu yathānurūpaṃ garukāro garukaraṇaṃ sagāravatā. Sa cāyaṃ gāravo yasmā sugatigamanādīnaṃ hetu. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Garukātabbaṃ garuṃ karoti, mānetabbaṃ māneti, pūjetabbaṃ pūjeti. So tena kammena evaṃ samattena evaṃ samādinnena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. No ce kāyassa…pe… upapajjati, sace manussattaṃ āgacchati, yattha yattha paccājāyati, uccākulīno hotī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.295).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā cāha – ‘‘sattime, bhikkhave, aparihāniyā dhammā. Katame satta? Satthugāravatā’’tiādi (a. ni. 7.33), tasmā maṅgalanti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nivāto</span> nāma nīcamanatā nivātavuttitā, yāya samannāgato puggalo nihatamāno nihatadappo pādapuñchanakacoḷasadiso chinnavisāṇausabhasamo uddhaṭadāṭhasappasamo ca hutvā saṇho sakhilo sukhasambhāso <a name="M0.0122"></a> hoti, ayaṃ nivāto. Svāyaṃ <a name="P0.0145"></a> yasādiguṇappaṭilābhahetuto maṅgalanti vuccati. Āha ca ‘‘nivātavutti atthaddho, tādiso labhate yasa’’nti evamādi (dī. ni. 3.273).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Santuṭṭhi</span> nāma itarītarapaccayasantoso, so dvādasavidho hoti. Seyyathidaṃ – cīvare yathālābhasantoso, yathābalasantoso, yathāsāruppasantosoti tividho. Evaṃ piṇḍapātādīsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassāyaṃ pabhedavaṇṇanā – idha bhikkhu cīvaraṃ labhati sundaraṃ vā asundaraṃ vā. So teneva yāpeti, aññaṃ na pattheti, labhantopi na gaṇhāti, ayamassa cīvare <span class="bld">yathālābhasantoso</span>. Atha pana bhikkhu ābādhiko hoti, garuṃ cīvaraṃ pārupanto oṇamati vā kilamati vā, so sabhāgena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ taṃ parivattetvā lahukena yāpentopi santuṭṭhova hoti, ayamassa cīvare <span class="bld">yathābalasantoso</span>. Aparo bhikkhu paṇītapaccayalābhī hoti, so paṭṭacīvarādīnaṃ aññataraṃ mahagghaṃ cīvaraṃ labhitvā ‘‘idaṃ therānaṃ cirapabbajitānaṃ bahussutānañca anurūpa’’nti <a name="V0.0117"></a> tesaṃ datvā attanā saṅkārakūṭā vā aññato vā kutoci nantakāni uccinitvā saṅghāṭiṃ karitvā dhārentopi santuṭṭhova hoti, ayamassa cīvare <span class="bld">yathāsāruppasantoso</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idha pana bhikkhu piṇḍapātaṃ labhati lūkhaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā, so teneva yāpeti, aññaṃ na pattheti, labhantopi na gaṇhāti, ayamassa piṇḍapāte <span class="bld">yathālābhasantoso</span>. Atha pana bhikkhu ābādhiko hoti, lūkhaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā gāḷhaṃ rogātaṅkaṃ pāpuṇāti, so taṃ sabhāgassa bhikkhuno datvā tassa hatthato sappimadhukhīrādīni bhuñjitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karontopi santuṭṭhova hoti, ayamassa piṇḍapāte <a name="P0.0146"></a> <span class="bld">yathābalasantoso</span>. Aparo bhikkhu paṇītaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ labhati, so ‘‘ayaṃ piṇḍapāto therānaṃ cirapabbajitānaṃ aññesañca paṇītapiṇḍapātaṃ vinā ayāpentānaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ anurūpo’’ti tesaṃ datvā attanā piṇḍāya caritvā missakāhāraṃ bhuñjantopi santuṭṭhova hoti, ayamassa piṇḍapāte <span class="bld">yathāsāruppasantoso</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idha <a name="M0.0123"></a> pana bhikkhuno senāsanaṃ pāpuṇāti. So teneva santussati, puna aññaṃ sundaratarampi pāpuṇantaṃ na gaṇhāti, ayamassa senāsane <span class="bld">yathālābhasantoso</span>. Atha pana bhikkhu ābādhiko hoti, nivātasenāsane vasanto ativiya pittarogādīhi āturīyati. So taṃ sabhāgassa bhikkhuno datvā tassa pāpuṇane savāte sītalasenāsane vasitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karontopi santuṭṭhova hoti, ayamassa senāsane <span class="bld">yathābalasantoso</span>. Aparo bhikkhu sundaraṃ senāsanaṃ pattampi na sampaṭicchati ‘‘sundarasenāsanaṃ pamādaṭṭhānaṃ, tatra nisinnassa thinamiddhaṃ okkamati, niddābhibhūtassa ca puna paṭibujjhato kāmavitakko samudācaratī’’ti. So taṃ paṭikkhipitvā ajjhokāsarukkhamūlapaṇṇakuṭīsu yattha katthaci nivasantopi santuṭṭhova hoti, ayamassa senāsane <span class="bld">yathāsāruppasantoso</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idha pana bhikkhu bhesajjaṃ labhati harītakaṃ vā āmalakaṃ vā. So teneva yāpeti, aññehi laddhasappimadhuphāṇitādimpi na pattheti, labhantopi na gaṇhāti, ayamassa gilānapaccaye <span class="bld">yathālābhasantoso</span>. Atha pana bhikkhu ābādhiko hoti, telenatthiko phāṇitaṃ labhati, so taṃ sabhāgassa bhikkhuno datvā tassa hatthato telena bhesajjaṃ katvā samaṇadhammaṃ karontopi santuṭṭhova hoti, ayamassa gilānapaccaye <span class="bld">yathābalasantoso</span>. Aparo bhikkhu ekasmiṃ <a name="P0.0147"></a> bhājane pūtimuttaharītakaṃ ṭhapetvā ekasmiṃ catumadhuraṃ ‘‘gaṇhatha, bhante, yadicchasī’’ti vuccamāno sacassa tesaṃ dvinnamaññatarenapi byādhi vūpasammati, atha ‘‘pūtimuttaharītakaṃ nāma buddhādīhi <a name="V0.0118"></a> vaṇṇita’’nti ca ‘‘pūtimuttabhesajjaṃ nissāya pabbajjā, tattha te yāvajīvaṃ ussāho karaṇīyoti vutta’’nti (mahāva. 128) ca cintento catumadhurabhesajjaṃ paṭikkhipitvā pūtimuttaharītakena bhesajjaṃ karontopi paramasantuṭṭhova hoti. Ayamassa gilānapaccaye <span class="bld">yathāsāruppasantoso</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃpabhedo sabbopeso santoso santuṭṭhīti vuccati. Sā atricchatāmahicchatāpāpicchatādīnaṃ pāpadhammānaṃ pahānādhigamahetuto, sugatihetuto, ariyamaggasambhārabhāvato, cātuddisādibhāvahetuto ca maṅgalanti veditabbā. Āha ca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Cātuddiso <a name="M0.0124"></a> appaṭigho ca hoti,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Santussamāno itarītarenā’’ti. evamādi (su. ni. 42);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kataññutā</span> nāma appassa vā bahussa vā yena kenaci katassa upakārassa punappunaṃ anussaraṇabhāvena jānanatā. Apica nerayikādidukkhaparittāṇato puññāni eva pāṇīnaṃ bahūpakārāni, tato tesampi upakārānussaraṇatā kataññutāti veditabbā. Sā sappurisehi pasaṃsanīyādinānappakāravisesādhigamahetuto maṅgalanti vuccati. Āha ca ‘‘dveme, bhikkhave, puggalā dullabhā lokasmiṃ. Katame dve? Yo ca pubbakārī yo ca kataññū katavedī’’ti (a. ni. 2.120).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kālena dhammassavanaṃ</span> nāma yasmiṃ kāle uddhaccasahagataṃ cittaṃ hoti, kāmavitakkādīnaṃ vā aññatarena abhibhūtaṃ, tasmiṃ kāle tesaṃ vinodanatthaṃ dhammassavanaṃ. Apare āhu ‘‘pañcame pañcame divase dhammassavanaṃ kālena dhammassavanaṃ nāma. Yathāha āyasmā <a name="P0.0148"></a> anuruddho ‘pañcāhikaṃ kho pana mayaṃ, bhante, sabbarattiṃ dhammiyā kathāya sannisīdāmā’’’ti (ma. ni. 1.327; mahāva. 466).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica yasmiṃ kāle kalyāṇamitte upasaṅkamitvā sakkā hoti attano kaṅkhāvinodakaṃ dhammaṃ sotuṃ, tasmiṃ kālepi dhammassavanaṃ kālena dhammassavananti veditabbaṃ. Yathāha ‘‘te kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamitvā paripucchati paripañhatī’’tiādi (dī. ni. 3.358). Tadetaṃ kālena dhammassavanaṃ nīvaraṇappahānacaturānisaṃsaāsavakkhayādinānappakāravisesādhigamahetuto maṅgalanti veditabbaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yasmiṃ<a name="V0.0119"></a>, bhikkhave, samaye ariyasāvako aṭṭhiṃ katvā manasi katvā sabbaṃ cetasā samannāharitvā ohitasoto dhammaṃ suṇāti, pañcassa nīvaraṇā tasmiṃ samaye na hontī’’ti ca (saṃ. ni. 5.219).</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Sotānugatānaṃ, bhikkhave, dhammānaṃ…pe… suppaṭividdhānaṃ cattāro ānisaṃsā pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti ca (a. ni. 4.191).</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, dhammā kālena kālaṃ sammā bhāviyamānā sammā anuparivattiyamānā anupubbena āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpenti. Katame cattāro? Kālena dhammassavana’’nti ca evamādi (a. ni. 4.147).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M0.0125"></a> imissā gāthāya gāravo, nivāto, santuṭṭhi, kataññutā, kālena dhammassavananti pañca maṅgalāni vuttāni. Maṅgalattañca nesaṃ tattha tattha vibhāvitamevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Niṭṭhitā gāravo cāti imissā gāthāya atthavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Khantīcātigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para10"></a><span class="paranum">10</span>. Idāni <span class="bld">khantī cā</span>ti ettha khamanaṃ <span class="bld">khanti</span>. Padakkhiṇaggāhitāya sukhaṃ vaco asminti suvaco, suvacassa kammaṃ sovacassaṃ, sovacassassa bhāvo <span class="bld">sovacassatā</span>. Kilesānaṃ samitattā <span class="bld">samaṇā. Dassana</span>nti pekkhanaṃ. Dhammassa sākacchā <span class="bld">dhammasākacchā</span>. Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti. Ayaṃ <span class="bld">padavaṇṇanā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Atthavaṇṇanā</span> pana evaṃ veditabbā <a name="P0.0149"></a> – <span class="bld">khanti</span> nāma adhivāsanakkhanti, tāya samannāgato bhikkhu dasahi akkosavatthūhi akkosante vadhabandhādīhi vā vihesante puggale asuṇanto viya apassanto viya ca nibbikāro hoti khantivādī viya. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ahu atītamaddhānaṃ, samaṇo khantidīpano;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Taṃ khantiyāyeva ṭhitaṃ, kāsirājā achedayī’’ti. (jā. 1.4.51);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhadrakato <a name="V0.0120"></a> vā manasi karoti tato uttari aparādhābhāvena āyasmā puṇṇatthero viya. Yathāha so –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Sace maṃ, bhante, sunāparantakā manussā akkosissanti paribhāsissanti, tattha me evaṃ bhavissati ‘bhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, subhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, yaṃ me nayime pāṇinā pahāraṃ dentī’’’tiādi (ma. ni. 3.396; saṃ. ni. 4.88).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yāya ca samannāgato isīnampi pasaṃsanīyo hoti. Yathāha sarabhaṅgo isi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kodhaṃ <a name="M0.0126"></a> vadhitvā na kadāci socati,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Makkhappahānaṃ isayo vaṇṇayanti;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Sabbesaṃ vuttaṃ pharusaṃ khametha,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Etaṃ khantiṃ uttamamāhu santo’’ti. (jā. 2.17.64);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Devatānampi pasaṃsanīyo hoti. Yathāha sakko devānamindo –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yo have balavā santo, dubbalassa titikkhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tamāhu paramaṃ khantiṃ, niccaṃ khamati dubbalo’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.250-251);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Buddhānampi pasaṃsanīyo hoti. Yathāha bhagavā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Akkosaṃ vadhabandhañca, aduṭṭho yo titikkhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Khantībalaṃ balāṇīkaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti. (dha. pa. 399);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sā <a name="P0.0150"></a> panesā khanti etesañca idha vaṇṇitānaṃ aññesañca guṇānaṃ adhigamahetuto maṅgalanti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sovacassatā</span> nāma sahadhammikaṃ vuccamāne vikkhepaṃ vā tuṇhībhāvaṃ vā guṇadosacintanaṃ vā <a name="V0.0121"></a> anāpajjitvā ativiya ādarañca gāravañca nīcamanatañca purakkhatvā sādhūti vacanakaraṇatā. Sā sabrahmacārīnaṃ santikā ovādānusāsanippaṭilābhahetuto dosappahānaguṇādhigamahetuto ca maṅgalanti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Samaṇānaṃ dassanaṃ</span> nāma upasamitakilesānaṃ bhāvitakāyavacīcittapaññānaṃ uttamadamathasamathasamannāgatānaṃ pabbajitānaṃ upasaṅkamanupaṭṭhānānussaraṇassavanadassanaṃ, sabbampi omakadesanāya dassananti vuttaṃ, taṃ maṅgalanti veditabbaṃ. Kasmā? Bahūpakārattā. Āha ca ‘‘dassanampahaṃ, bhikkhave, tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahūpakāraṃ vadāmī’’tiādi (itivu. 104). Yato hitakāmena kulaputtena sīlavante bhikkhū gharadvāraṃ sampatte disvā yadi deyyadhammo atthi, yathābalaṃ deyyadhammena patimānetabbā. Yadi natthi, pañcapatiṭṭhitaṃ katvā vanditabbā. Tasmimpi asampajjamāne añjaliṃ paggahetvā namassitabbā, tasmimpi asampajjamāne pasannacittena piyacakkhūhi sampassitabbā. Evaṃ dassanamūlakenapi hi puññena anekāni jātisahassāni cakkhumhi rogo vā dāho <a name="M0.0127"></a> vā ussadā vā piḷakā vā na honti, vippasannapañcavaṇṇasassirikāni honti cakkhūni ratanavimāne ugghāṭitamaṇikavāṭasadisāni, satasahassakappamattaṃ devesu ca manussesu ca sampattīnaṃ lābhī hoti. Anacchariyañcetaṃ, yaṃ manussabhūto sappaññajātiko sammā pavattitena samaṇadassanamayena puññena evarūpaṃ vipākasampattiṃ anubhaveyya, yattha tiracchānagatānampi kevalaṃ saddhāmattakena katassa samaṇadassanassa evaṃ vipākasampattiṃ vaṇṇayanti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ulūko <a name="P0.0151"></a> maṇḍalakkhiko, vediyake ciradīghavāsiko;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sukhito vata kosiyo ayaṃ, kāluṭṭhitaṃ passati buddhavaraṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Mayi cittaṃ pasādetvā, bhikkhusaṅghe anuttare;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kappānaṃ satasahassāni, duggateso na gacchati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sa devalokā cavitvā, kusalakammena codito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhavissati anantañāṇo, somanassoti vissuto’’ti. (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.144);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kālena dhammasākacchā</span> nāma padose vā paccūse vā dve suttantikā bhikkhū aññamaññaṃ suttantaṃ <a name="V0.0122"></a> sākacchanti, vinayadharā vinayaṃ, ābhidhammikā abhidhammaṃ, jātakabhāṇakā jātakaṃ, aṭṭhakathikā aṭṭhakathaṃ, līnuddhatavicikicchāparetacittavisodhanatthaṃ vā tamhi tamhi kāle sākacchanti, ayaṃ kālena dhammasākacchā. Sā āgamabyattiādīnaṃ guṇānaṃ hetuto maṅgalanti vuccatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ imissā gāthāya khanti, sovacassatā, samaṇadassanaṃ, kālena dhammasākacchāti cattāri maṅgalāni vuttāni. Maṅgalattañca nesaṃ tattha tattha vibhāvitamevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Niṭṭhitā khantī cāti imissā gāthāya atthavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Tapocātigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para11"></a><span class="paranum">11</span>. Idāni <a name="M0.0128"></a> <span class="bld">tapo cā</span>ti ettha pāpake dhamme tapatīti <span class="bld">tapo.</span> Brahmaṃ cariyaṃ, brahmānaṃ vā cariyaṃ <span class="bld">brahmacariyaṃ,</span> seṭṭhacariyanti vuttaṃ hoti. Ariyasaccānaṃ dassanaṃ <span class="bld">ariyasaccānadassanaṃ,</span> ariyasaccāni dassanantipi eke, taṃ na sundaraṃ. Nikkhantaṃ vānatoti nibbānaṃ, sacchikaraṇaṃ sacchikiriyā, nibbānassa sacchikiriyā<span class="bld"> nibbānasacchikiriyā</span>. Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti ayaṃ <span class="bld">padavaṇṇanā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Atthavaṇṇanā</span> pana evaṃ veditabbā – <span class="bld">tapo</span> nāma abhijjhādomanassādīnaṃ tapanato indriyasaṃvaro<a name="P0.0152"></a>, kosajjassa vā tapanato vīriyaṃ, tehi samannāgato puggalo ātāpīti vuccati. Svāyaṃ abhijjhādippahānajhānādippaṭilābhahetuto maṅgalanti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Brahmacariyaṃ</span> nāma methunaviratisamaṇadhammasāsanamaggānamadhivacanaṃ. Tathā hi ‘‘abrahmacariyaṃ pahāya brahmacārī hotī’’ti evamādīsu (dī. ni. 1.194; ma. ni. 1.292) methunavirati brahmacariyanti vuccati. ‘‘Bhagavati no, āvuso, brahmacariyaṃ vussatīti? Evamāvuso’’ti evamādīsu (ma. ni. 1.257) samaṇadhammo. ‘‘Na tāvāhaṃ, pāpima, parinibbāyissāmi, yāva me idaṃ brahmacariyaṃ na iddhañceva bhavissati phītañca vitthārikaṃ bāhujañña’’nti evamādīsu (dī. ni. 2.168; saṃ. ni. 5.822; udā. 51) sāsanaṃ. ‘‘Ayameva kho, bhikkhu, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo brahmacariyaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ, sammādiṭṭhī’’ti evamādīsu (saṃ. ni. 5.6) maggo. Idha pana ariyasaccadassanena parato maggassa <a name="V0.0123"></a> saṅgahitattā avasesaṃ sabbampi vaṭṭati. Tañcetaṃ uparūpari nānappakāravisesādhigamahetuto maṅgalanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ariyasaccāna dassanaṃ</span> nāma kumārapañhe vuttānaṃ catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ abhisamayavasena maggadassanaṃ, taṃ saṃsāradukkhavītikkamahetuto maṅgalanti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nibbānasacchikiriyā</span> nāma idha arahattaphalaṃ nibbānanti adhippetaṃ. Tampi hi pañcagativānanena vānasaññitāya taṇhāya nikkhantattā nibbānanti vuccati. Tassa <a name="M0.0129"></a> patti vā paccavekkhaṇā vā sacchikiriyāti vuccati. Itarassa pana nibbānassa ariyasaccānaṃ dassaneneva sacchikiriyā siddhā, tenetaṃ idha nādhippetaṃ. Evamesā nibbānasacchikiriyā <a name="P0.0153"></a> diṭṭhadhammikasukhavihārādihetuto maṅgalanti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ imissā gāthāya tapo brahmacariyaṃ, ariyasaccānaṃ dassanaṃ, nibbānasacchikiriyāti cattāri maṅgalāni vuttāni. Maṅgalattañca nesaṃ tattha tattha vibhāvitamevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Niṭṭhitā tapo cāti imissā gāthāya atthavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Phuṭṭhassalokadhammehītigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para12"></a><span class="paranum">12</span>. Idāni <span class="bld">phuṭṭhassa lokadhammehī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">phuṭṭhassā</span>ti phusitassa chupitassa sampattassa. Loke dhammā <span class="bld">lokadhammā,</span> yāva lokappavatti, tāva anivattakā dhammāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Citta</span>nti mano mānasaṃ. <span class="bld">Yassā</span>ti navassa vā majjhimassa vā therassa vā. <span class="bld">Na kampatī</span>ti na calati na vedhati. <span class="bld">Asoka</span>nti nissokaṃ abbūḷhasokasallaṃ. <span class="bld">Viraja</span>nti vigatarajaṃ viddhaṃsitarajaṃ. <span class="bld">Khema</span>nti abhayaṃ nirupaddavaṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti ayaṃ <span class="bld">padavaṇṇanā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Atthavaṇṇanā</span> pana evaṃ veditabbā – <span class="bld">phuṭṭhassa lokadhammehi cittaṃ</span> <span class="bld">yassa</span> <span class="bld">na kampati</span> nāma yassa lābhālābhādīhi aṭṭhahi lokadhammehi phuṭṭhassa ajjhotthaṭassa cittaṃ na kampati na calati na vedhati, tassa taṃ cittaṃ kenaci akampanīyalokuttamabhāvāvahanato maṅgalanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kassa <a name="V0.0124"></a> ca etehi phuṭṭhassa cittaṃ na kampatīti? Arahato khīṇāsavassa, na aññassa kassaci. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Selo yathā ekagghano, vātena na samīrati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ rūpā rasā saddā, gandhā phassā ca kevalā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Iṭṭhā dhammā aniṭṭhā ca, na pavedhenti tādino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ṭhitaṃ cittaṃ vippamuttaṃ, vayañcassānupassatī’’ti. (mahāva. 244);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Asokaṃ</span> <a name="M0.0130"></a><a name="P0.0154"></a> nāma khīṇāsavasseva cittaṃ. Tañhi yvāyaṃ ‘‘soko socanā socitattaṃ antosoko antoparisoko cetaso parinijjhāyitatta’’ntiādinā (vibha. 237) nayena vuccati soko, tassa abhāvato asokaṃ. Keci nibbānaṃ vadanti, taṃ purimapadena nānusandhiyati. Yathā ca asokaṃ, evaṃ virajaṃ khemantipi khīṇāsavasseva cittaṃ. Tañhi rāgadosamoharajānaṃ vigatattā <span class="bld">virajaṃ,</span> catūhi ca yogehi khemattā <span class="bld">khemaṃ,</span> yato etaṃ tena tenākārena tamhi tamhi pavattikkhaṇe gahetvā niddiṭṭhavasena tividhampi appavattakkhandhatādilokuttamabhāvāvahanato āhuneyyādibhāvāvahanato ca maṅgalanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ imissā gāthāya aṭṭhalokadhammehi akampitacittaṃ, asokacittaṃ, virajacittaṃ, khemacittanti cattāri maṅgalāni vuttāni. Maṅgalattañca nesaṃ tattha tattha vibhāvitamevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Niṭṭhitā phuṭṭhassa lokadhammehīti imissā gāthāya atthavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Etādisānītigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para13"></a><span class="paranum">13</span>. Evaṃ bhagavā asevanā ca bālānantiādīhi dasahi gāthāhi aṭṭhatiṃsa mahāmaṅgalāni kathetvā idāni etāneva attanā vuttamaṅgalāni thunanto <span class="bld">‘‘etādisāni katvānā’’</span>ti avasānagāthamabhāsi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassāya<span class="bld">matthavaṇṇanā – etādisānī</span>ti etāni īdisāni mayā vuttappakārāni bālānaṃ asevanādīni. <span class="bld">Katvānā</span>ti katvā. Katvāna katvā karitvāti hi atthato anaññaṃ. <span class="bld">Sabbatthamaparājitā</span>ti <a name="V0.0125"></a> sabbattha khandhakilesābhisaṅkhāradevaputtamārappabhedesu <a name="P0.0155"></a> catūsu paccatthikesu ekenāpi aparājitā hutvā, sayameva te cattāro māre parājetvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Makāro cettha padasandhikaramattoti viññātabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sabbattha sotthiṃ gacchantī</span>ti etādisāni maṅgalāni katvā catūhi mārehi aparājitā hutvā sabbattha idhalokaparalokesu ṭhānacaṅkamanādīsu ca sotthiṃ gacchanti, bālasevanādīhi ye uppajjeyyuṃ āsavā <a name="M0.0131"></a> vighātapariḷāhā, tesaṃ abhāvā sotthiṃ gacchanti, anupaddutā anupasaṭṭhā khemino appaṭibhayā gacchantīti vuttaṃ hoti. Anunāsiko cettha gāthābandhasukhatthaṃ vuttoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Taṃ tesaṃ maṅgalamuttama</span>nti iminā gāthāpadena bhagavā desanaṃ niṭṭhāpesi. Kathaṃ? Evaṃ, devaputta, ye etādisāni karonti, te yasmā sabbattha sotthiṃ gacchanti, tasmā taṃ bālānaṃ asevanādiaṭṭhatiṃsavidhampi tesaṃ etādisakārakānaṃ maṅgalamuttamaṃ seṭṭhaṃ pavaranti gaṇhāhīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evañca bhagavatā niṭṭhāpitāya desanāya pariyosāne koṭisatasahassadevatāyo arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu, sotāpattisakadāgāmianāgāmiphalasampattānaṃ gaṇanā asaṅkhyeyyā ahosi. Atha bhagavā dutiyadivase ānandattheraṃ āmantesi – ‘‘imaṃ pana, ānanda, rattiṃ aññatarā devatā maṃ upasaṅkamitvā maṅgalapañhaṃ pucchi, athassāhaṃ aṭṭhatiṃsa maṅgalāni abhāsiṃ, uggaṇhāhi, ānanda, imaṃ maṅgalapariyāyaṃ, uggahetvā bhikkhū vācehī’’ti. Thero uggahetvā bhikkhū vācesi. Tayidaṃ ācariyaparamparāya ābhataṃ yāvajjatanā pavattati, ‘‘evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ iddhañceva phītañca vitthārikaṃ bāhujaññaṃ puthubhūtaṃ <a name="P0.0156"></a> yāva devamanussehi suppakāsita’’nti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni etesveva maṅgalesu ñāṇaparicayapāṭavatthaṃ ayamādito pabhuti yojanā – evamime idhalokaparalokalokuttarasukhakāmā sattā bālajanasevanaṃ pahāya, paṇḍite nissāya, pūjaneyye pūjetvā, patirūpadesavāsena pubbe ca katapuññatāya kusalappavattiyaṃ codiyamānā attānaṃ sammā paṇidhāya, bāhusaccasippavinayehi alaṅkatattabhāvā, vinayānurūpaṃ subhāsitaṃ bhāsamānā, yāva gihibhāvaṃ na vijahanti, tāva mātāpitūpaṭṭhānena porāṇaṃ iṇamūlaṃ visodhayamānā, puttadārasaṅgahena navaṃ iṇamūlaṃ payojayamānā, anākulakammantatāya dhanadhaññādisamiddhiṃ pāpuṇantā, dānena bhogasāraṃ dhammacariyāya jīvitasārañca gahetvā, ñātisaṅgahena sakajanahitaṃ anavajjakammantatāya <a name="V0.0126"></a> parajanahitañca karontā, pāpaviratiyā parūpaghātaṃ majjapānasaṃyamena attūpaghātañca vivajjetvā, dhammesu appamādena kusalapakkhaṃ vaḍḍhetvā, vaḍḍhitakusalatāya gihibyañjanaṃ ohāya pabbajitabhāve ṭhitāpi buddhabuddhasāvakūpajjhāyācariyādīsu gāravena nivātena ca vattasampadaṃ ārādhetvā, santuṭṭhiyā <a name="M0.0132"></a> paccayagedhaṃ pahāya, kataññutāya sappurisabhūmiyaṃ ṭhatvā, dhammassavanena cittalīnataṃ pahāya, khantiyā sabbaparissaye abhibhavitvā, sovacassatāya sanāthaṃ attānaṃ katvā, samaṇadassanena paṭipattipayogaṃ passantā, dhammasākacchāya kaṅkhāṭṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ vinodetvā, indriyasaṃvaratapena sīlavisuddhiṃ samaṇadhammabrahmacariyena cittavisuddhiṃ tato parā ca catasso visuddhiyo sampādentā<a name="P0.0157"></a>, imāya paṭipadāya ariyasaccadassanapariyāyaṃ ñāṇadassanavisuddhiṃ patvā arahattaphalasaṅkhyaṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikaronti, yaṃ sacchikaritvā sinerupabbato viya vātavuṭṭhīhi aṭṭhahi lokadhammehi avikampamānacittā asokā virajā khemino honti. Ye ca khemino honti, te sabbattha ekenapi aparājitā honti, sabbattha sotthiṃ gacchanti. Tenāha bhagavā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Etādisāni katvāna, sabbatthamaparājitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sabbattha sotthiṃ gacchanti, taṃ tesaṃ maṅgalamuttama’’nti.</p>
<p class="centered">Paramatthajotikāya khuddakapāṭha-aṭṭhakathāya</p>
<p class="centered">Maṅgalasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="chapter">6. Ratanasuttavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="subhead">Nikkhepappayojanaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="V0.0127"></a> <span class="bld">yānīdha bhūtānī</span>tievamādinā maṅgalasuttānantaraṃ nikkhittassa ratanasuttassa atthavaṇṇanākkamo anuppatto. Tassa idha nikkhepappayojanaṃ vatvā tato paraṃ suparisuddhena titthena naditaḷākādīsu salilajjhogāhaṇamiva suparisuddhena nidānena imassa suttassa atthajjhogāhaṇaṃ dassetuṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yena vuttaṃ yadā yattha, yasmā cetaṃ imaṃ nayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pakāsetvāna etassa, karissāmatthavaṇṇanaṃ’’.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M0.0133"></a> yasmā maṅgalasuttena attarakkhā akalyāṇakaraṇakalyāṇākaraṇapaccayānañca āsavānaṃ paṭighāto dassito, imañca suttaṃ parārakkhaṃ amanussādipaccayānañca āsavānaṃ paṭighātaṃ sādheti, tasmā tadanantaraṃ nikkhittaṃ siyāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ tāvassa idha nikkhepappayojanaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Vesālivatthu</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">‘‘yena vuttaṃ yadā yattha, yasmā ceta’’</span>nti etthāha ‘‘kena panetaṃ suttaṃ vuttaṃ, kadā kattha, kasmā ca vutta’’nti. Vuccate – idañhi bhagavatā eva vuttaṃ, na sāvakādīhi. Tañca yadā <a name="P0.0158"></a> dubbhikkhādīhi upaddavehi upaddutāya vesāliyā licchavīhi rājagahato yācitvā bhagavā vesāliṃ ānīto, tadā vesāliyaṃ tesaṃ upaddavānaṃ paṭighātatthāya vuttanti. Ayaṃ tesaṃ pañhānaṃ saṅkhepavissajjanā. Vitthārato pana vesālivatthuto pabhuti porāṇehi vaṇṇīyati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyaṃ <span class="bld">vaṇṇanā</span> – bārāṇasirañño kira aggamahesiyā kucchimhi gabbho saṇṭhāsi, sā taṃ <a name="V0.0128"></a> ñatvā rañño nivedesi, rājā gabbhaparihāraṃ adāsi. Sā sammā parihariyamānagabbhā gabbhaparipākakāle vijāyanagharaṃ pāvisi. Puññavatīnaṃ paccūsasamaye gabbhavuṭṭhānaṃ hoti. Sā ca tāsaṃ aññatarā, tena paccūsasamaye alattakapaṭalabandhujīvakapupphasadisaṃ maṃsapesiṃ vijāyi. Tato ‘‘aññā deviyo suvaṇṇabimbasadise putte vijāyanti, aggamahesī maṃsapesinti rañño purato mama avaṇṇo uppajjeyyā’’ti cintetvā tena avaṇṇabhayena taṃ maṃsapesiṃ ekasmiṃ bhājane pakkhipitvā aññatarena paṭikujjitvā rājamuddikāya lañchitvā gaṅgāya sote pakkhipāpesi. Manussehi chaḍḍitamatte devatā ārakkhaṃ saṃvidahiṃsu. Suvaṇṇapaṭṭakañcettha jātihiṅgulakena ‘‘bārāṇasirañño aggamahesiyā pajā’’ti likhitvā bandhiṃsu. Tato taṃ bhājanaṃ ūmibhayādīhi anupaddutaṃ gaṅgāsotena pāyāsi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tena ca samayena aññataro tāpaso gopālakulaṃ nissāya gaṅgātīre viharati. So pātova gaṅgaṃ otaranto bhājanaṃ āgacchantaṃ disvā <a name="M0.0134"></a> paṃsukūlasaññāya aggahesi. Tato tattha taṃ akkharapaṭṭakaṃ rājamuddikālañchanañca disvā muñcitvā taṃ maṃsapesiṃ addasa<a name="P0.0159"></a>, disvānassa etadahosi ‘‘siyā gabbho, tathā hissa duggandhapūtibhāvo natthī’’ti. Taṃ assamaṃ netvā suddhe okāse ṭhapesi. Atha aḍḍhamāsaccayena dve maṃsapesiyo ahesuṃ. Tāpaso disvā sādhutaraṃ ṭhapesi, tato puna aḍḍhamāsaccayena ekamekissā pesiyā hatthapādasīsānamatthāya pañca pañca piḷakā uṭṭhahiṃsu. Tāpaso disvā puna sādhutaraṃ ṭhapesi. Atha aḍḍhamāsaccayena ekā maṃsapesi suvaṇṇabimbasadiso dārako, ekā dārikā ahosi. Tesu tāpasassa puttasineho uppajji. Aṅguṭṭhakato cassa khīraṃ nibbatti. Tato pabhuti ca khīrabhattaṃ labhati, so bhattaṃ bhuñjitvā khīraṃ dārakānaṃ mukhe āsiñcati. Tesaṃ yaṃ yaṃ udaraṃ paviṭṭhaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ maṇibhājanagataṃ viya dissati. Evaṃ licchavī ahesuṃ. Apare panāhu ‘‘sibbetvā ṭhapitā viya nesaṃ aññamaññaṃ līnā chavi ahosī’’ti. Evaṃ te nicchavitāya vā līnacchavitāya vā <span class="bld">licchavī</span>ti paññāyiṃsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tāpaso dārake posento ussūre gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisati, atidivā paṭikkamati. Tassa taṃ byāpāraṃ ñatvā gopālakā āhaṃsu, ‘‘bhante, pabbajitānaṃ dārakaposanaṃ palibodho, amhākaṃ dārake detha, mayaṃ posessāma, tumhe attano kammaṃ karothā’’ti. Tāpaso ‘‘sādhū’’ti paṭissuṇi. Gopālakā dutiyadivase maggaṃ samaṃ katvā pupphehi okiritvā dhajapaṭākaṃ ussāpetvā tūriyehi vajjamānehi assamaṃ āgatā. Tāpaso ‘‘mahāpuññā dārakā, appamādena vaḍḍhetha, vaḍḍhetvā ca aññamaññaṃ āvāhavivāhaṃ karotha, pañcagorasena rājānaṃ tosetvā bhūmibhāgaṃ gahetvā <a name="V0.0129"></a> nagaraṃ māpetha, tattha kumāraṃ abhisiñcathā’’ti vatvā dārake adāsi. Te ‘‘sādhū’’ti <a name="P0.0160"></a> paṭissuṇitvā dārake netvā posesuṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dārakā vuḍḍhimanvāya kīḷantā vivādaṭṭhānesu aññe gopāladārake hatthenapi pādenapi paharanti, te rodanti. ‘‘Kissa rodathā’’ti ca mātāpitūhi vuttā ‘‘ime nimmātāpitikā tāpasapositā amhe atīva paharantī’’ti vadanti. Tato tesaṃ mātāpitaro ‘‘ime dārakā aññe dārake viheṭhenti dukkhāpenti, na ime saṅgahetabbā, vajjitabbā ime’’ti āhaṃsu. Tato pabhuti kira so padeso ‘‘vajjī’’ti <a name="M0.0135"></a> vuccati, tiyojanasataṃ parimāṇena. Atha taṃ padesaṃ gopālakā rājānaṃ tosetvā aggahesuṃ. Tattheva nagaraṃ māpetvā soḷasavassuddesikaṃ kumāraṃ abhisiñcitvā rājānaṃ akaṃsu. Tāya cassa dārikāya saddhiṃ vāreyyaṃ katvā katikaṃ akaṃsu ‘‘na bāhirato dārikā ānetabbā, ito dārikā na kassaci dātabbā’’ti. Tesaṃ paṭhamasaṃvāsena dve dārakā jātā dhītā ca putto ca, evaṃ soḷasakkhattuṃ dve dve jātā. Tato tesaṃ dārakānaṃ yathākkamaṃ vaḍḍhantānaṃ ārāmuyyānanivāsaṭṭhānaparivārasampattiṃ gahetuṃ appahontaṃ taṃ nagaraṃ tikkhattuṃ gāvutantarena gāvutantarena pākārena parikkhipiṃsu, tassa punappunaṃ visālīkatattā <span class="bld">vesālī</span>tveva nāmaṃ jātaṃ. Idaṃ <span class="bld">vesālivatthu</span>.</p>
<p class="subhead">Bhagavato nimantanaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana vesālī bhagavato uppannakāle iddhā vepullappattā ahosi. Tattha hi rājūnaṃyeva satta sahassāni satta satāni satta ca rājāno ahesuṃ. Tathā yuvarājasenāpatibhaṇḍāgārikappabhutīnaṃ<a name="P0.0161"></a>. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Tena kho pana samayena vesālī iddhā ceva hoti phītā ca bahujanā ākiṇṇamanussā subhikkhā ca, satta ca pāsādasahassāni satta ca pāsādasatāni satta ca pāsādā, satta ca kūṭāgārasahassāni satta ca kūṭāgārasatāni satta ca kūṭāgārāni, satta ca ārāmasahassāni satta ca ārāmasatāni satta ca ārāmā, satta ca pokkharaṇisahassāni satta ca pokkharaṇisatāni satta ca pokkharaṇiyo’’ti (mahāva. 326).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sā aparena samayena dubbhikkhā ahosi dubbuṭṭhikā dussassā. Paṭhamaṃ duggatamanussā maranti<a name="V0.0130"></a>, te bahiddhā chaḍḍenti. Matamanussānaṃ kuṇapagandhena amanussā nagaraṃ pavisiṃsu, tato bahutarā maranti. Tāya paṭikūlatāya sattānaṃ ahivātarogo uppajji. Iti tīhi dubbhikkhaamanussarogabhayehi upaddutā vesālinagaravāsino upasaṅkamitvā rājānaṃ āhaṃsu, ‘‘mahārāja, imasmiṃ nagare tividhaṃ bhayamuppannaṃ, ito pubbe yāva sattamā rājakulaparivaṭṭā evarūpaṃ anuppannapubbaṃ, tumhākaṃ maññe adhammikattena <a name="M0.0136"></a> taṃ etarahi uppanna’’nti. Rājā sabbe santhāgāre sannipātāpetvā ‘‘mayhaṃ adhammikabhāvaṃ vicinathā’’ti āha. Te sabbaṃ paveṇiṃ vicinantā na kiñci addasaṃsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato rañño dosamadisvā ‘‘idaṃ bhayaṃ amhākaṃ kathaṃ vūpasameyyā’’ti cintesuṃ. Tattha ekacce cha satthāre apadisiṃsu ‘‘etehi okkantamatte vūpasamessatī’’ti. Ekacce āhaṃsu – ‘‘buddho kira loke uppanno, so bhagavā sabbasattahitāya dhammaṃ deseti mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo, tena okkantamatte sabbabhayāni vūpasameyyu’’nti. Tena te attamanā hutvā ‘‘kahaṃ pana so bhagavā etarahi viharati, amhehi pesito <a name="P0.0162"></a> na āgaccheyyā’’ti āhaṃsu. Athāpare āhaṃsu – ‘‘buddhā nāma anukampakā, kissa nāgaccheyyuṃ, so pana bhagavā etarahi rājagahe viharati, rājā bimbisāro taṃ upaṭṭhahati, so āgantuṃ na dadeyyā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi rājānaṃ saññāpetvā āneyyāmā’’ti dve licchavirājāno mahatā balakāyena pahūtaṃ paṇṇākāraṃ datvā rañño santikaṃ pesiṃsu ‘‘bimbisāraṃ saññāpetvā bhagavantaṃ ānethā’’ti. Te gantvā rañño paṇṇākāraṃ datvā taṃ pavattiṃ nivedetvā, ‘‘mahārāja, bhagavantaṃ amhākaṃ nagaraṃ pesehī’’ti āhaṃsu. Rājā na sampaṭicchi, ‘‘tumheyeva jānāthā’’ti āha. Te bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘bhante, amhākaṃ nagare tīṇi bhayāni uppannāni, sace bhagavā āgaccheyya, sotthi no bhaveyyā’’ti. Bhagavā āvajjetvā ‘‘vesāliyaṃ ratanasutte vutte sā rakkhā koṭisatasahassaṃ cakkavāḷānaṃ pharissati, suttapariyosāne caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo bhavissatī’’ti adhivāsesi. Atha rājā bimbisāro bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ sutvā ‘‘bhagavatā vesāligamanaṃ adhivāsita’’nti nagare ghosanaṃ kārāpetvā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā āha – ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, sampaṭicchatha vesāligamana’’nti? Āma, mahārājāti. Tena hi, bhante, tāva āgametha, yāva maggaṃ paṭiyādemīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha kho rājā bimbisāro rājagahassa ca gaṅgāya ca antarā pañcayojanabhūmiṃ samaṃ katvā yojane yojane vihāraṃ māpetvā bhagavato gamanakālaṃ paṭivedesi. Bhagavā pañcahi bhikkhusatehi parivuto <a name="M0.0137"></a> pāyāsi. Rājā pañcayojanaṃ maggaṃ pañcavaṇṇehi pupphehi jāṇumattaṃ okirāpetvā <a name="V0.0131"></a> dhajapaṭākapuṇṇaghaṭakadaliādīni ussāpetvā <a name="P0.0163"></a> bhagavato dve setacchattāni ekamekassa ca bhikkhussa ekamekaṃ ukkhipāpetvā saddhiṃ attano parivārena pupphagandhādīhi pūjaṃ karonto ekekasmiṃ vihāre bhagavantaṃ vasāpetvā mahādānāni datvā pañcahi divasehi gaṅgātīraṃ nesi. Tattha sabbālaṅkārehi nāvaṃ alaṅkaronto vesālikānaṃ sāsanaṃ pesesi ‘‘āgato bhagavā, maggaṃ paṭiyādetvā sabbe bhagavato paccuggamanaṃ karothā’’ti. Te ‘‘diguṇaṃ pūjaṃ karissāmā’’ti vesāliyā ca gaṅgāya ca antarā tiyojanabhūmiṃ samaṃ katvā bhagavato cattāri ekamekassa ca bhikkhussa dve dve setacchattāni sajjetvā pūjaṃ kurumānā gaṅgātīraṃ āgantvā aṭṭhaṃsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha bimbisāro dve nāvāyo saṅghaṭetvā maṇḍapaṃ katvā pupphadāmādīhi alaṅkaritvā tattha sabbaratanamayaṃ buddhāsanaṃ paññapesi, bhagavā tattha nisīdi. Pañca satā bhikkhūpi nāvaṃ āruhitvā yathānurūpaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Rājā bhagavantaṃ anugacchanto galappamāṇaṃ udakaṃ ogāhetvā ‘‘yāva, bhante, bhagavā āgacchati, tāvāhaṃ idheva gaṅgātīre vasissāmī’’ti vatvā nivatto. Upari devatā yāva akaniṭṭhabhavanā pūjaṃ akaṃsu. Heṭṭhāgaṅgānivāsino kambalassatarādayo nāgarājāno pūjaṃ akaṃsu. Evaṃ mahatiyā pūjāya bhagavā yojanamattaṃ addhānaṃ gaṅgāya gantvā vesālikānaṃ sīmantaraṃ paviṭṭho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato licchavirājāno bimbisārena katapūjāya diguṇaṃ karontā galappamāṇe udake bhagavantaṃ paccuggacchiṃsu. Teneva khaṇena tena muhuttena vijjuppabhāvinaddhandhakāravisaṭakūṭo gaḷagaḷāyanto catūsu disāsu mahāmegho vuṭṭhāsi. Atha bhagavatā paṭhamapāde <a name="P0.0164"></a> gaṅgātīre nikkhittamatte pokkharavassaṃ vassi. Ye temetukāmā, te eva tementi, atemetukāmā na tementi. Sabbattha jāṇumattaṃ ūrumattaṃ kaṭimattaṃ galappamāṇaṃ udakaṃ vahati, sabbakuṇapāni udakena gaṅgaṃ pavesitāni, parisuddho bhūmibhāgo ahosi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Licchavirājāno bhagavantaṃ antarā yojane yojane vāsāpetvā mahādānāni datvā tīhi divasehi diguṇaṃ pūjaṃ karontā vesāliṃ nayiṃsu<a name="M0.0138"></a>. Vesāliṃ sampatte bhagavati sakko devānamindo devasaṅghapurakkhato āgacchi. Mahesakkhānaṃ devatānaṃ sannipātena amanussā yebhuyyena palāyiṃsu. Bhagavā nagaradvāre ṭhatvā ānandattheraṃ āmantesi – ‘‘imaṃ, ānanda, ratanasuttaṃ uggahetvā balikammūpakaraṇāni gahetvā licchavirājakumārehi saddhiṃ vesāliyā tipākārantare vicaranto parittaṃ karohī’’ti ratanasuttaṃ abhāsi. ‘‘Evaṃ kena panetaṃ suttaṃ vuttaṃ<a name="V0.0132"></a>, kadā, kattha, kasmā ca vutta’’nti etesaṃ pañhānaṃ vissajjanā vitthārena vesālivatthuto pabhuti porāṇehi vaṇṇīyati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bhagavato vesāliṃ anuppattadivaseyeva vesālinagaradvāre tesaṃ upaddavānaṃ paṭighātatthāya vuttamidaṃ ratanasuttaṃ uggahetvā āyasmā ānando parittatthāya bhāsamāno bhagavato pattena udakamādāya sabbanagaraṃ abbhukkiranto anuvicari. Yaṃ <span class="bld">kiñcī</span>ti vuttamatte eva therena ye pubbe apalātā saṅkārakūṭabhittippadesādinissitā amanussā, te catūhi dvārehi palāyiṃsu, dvārāni anokāsāni ahesuṃ. Tato ekacce dvāresu okāsaṃ alabhamānā pākāraṃ bhinditvā palātā. Amanussesu gatamattesu manussānaṃ gattesu rogo vūpasanto. Te nikkhamitvā sabbapupphagandhādīhi theraṃ pūjesuṃ. Mahājano nagaramajjhe <a name="P0.0165"></a> santhāgāraṃ sabbagandhehi limpitvā vitānaṃ katvā sabbālaṅkārehi alaṅkaritvā tattha buddhāsanaṃ paññapetvā bhagavantaṃ ānesi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhagavā santhāgāraṃ pavisitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Bhikkhusaṅghopi kho rājāno manussā ca patirūpe patirūpe āsane nisīdiṃsu. Sakkopi devānamindo dvīsu devalokesu devaparisāya saddhiṃ upanisīdi aññe ca devā, ānandattheropi sabbaṃ vesāliṃ anuvicaranto rakkhaṃ katvā vesālinagaravāsīhi saddhiṃ āgantvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Tattha bhagavā sabbesaṃ tadeva ratanasuttaṃ abhāsīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā ca yā <span class="bld">‘‘yena vuttaṃ yadā yattha, yasmā cetaṃ imaṃ nayaṃ. Pakāsetvānā’’</span>ti mātikā nikkhittā, sā sabbappakārena vitthāritā hoti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Yānīdhātigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1"></a><span class="paranum">1</span>. Idāni <a name="M0.0139"></a> ‘‘etassa karissāmatthavaṇṇana’’nti vuttattā <span class="bld">atthavaṇṇanā</span> ārabbhate. Apare pana vadanti ‘‘ādito pañceva gāthā bhagavatā vuttā, sesā parittakaraṇasamaye ānandattherenā’’ti. Yathā vā tathā vā hotu, kiṃ no imāya parikkhāya, sabbathāpi etassa ratanasuttassa karissāmatthavaṇṇanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yānīdha bhūtānī</span>ti paṭhamagāthā. Tattha <span class="bld">yānī</span>ti yādisāni appesakkhāni vā mahesakkhāni vā. <span class="bld">Idhā</span>ti imasmiṃ padese, tasmiṃ khaṇe sannipātaṭṭhānaṃ sandhāyāha. <span class="bld">Bhūtānī</span>ti kiñcāpi <a name="V0.0133"></a> bhūtasaddo ‘‘bhūtasmiṃ pācittiya’’nti evamādīsu (pāci. 69) vijjamāne. ‘‘Bhūtamidanti, bhikkhave<a name="P0.0166"></a>, samanupassathā’’ti evamādīsu (ma. ni. 1.401) khandhapañcake. ‘‘Cattāro kho, bhikkhu, mahābhūtā hetū’’ti evamādīsu (ma. ni. 3.86) catubbidhe pathavīdhātvādirūpe. ‘‘Yo ca kālaghaso bhūto’’ti evamādīsu (jā. 1.2.190) khīṇāsave. ‘‘Sabbeva nikkhipissanti, bhūtā loke samussaya’’nti evamādīsu (dī. ni. 2.220) sabbasatte. ‘‘Bhūtagāmapātabyatāyā’’ti evamādīsu (pāci. 90) rukkhādike. ‘‘Bhūtaṃ bhūtato sañjānātī’’ti evamādīsu (ma. ni. 1.3) cātumahārājikānaṃ heṭṭhā sattanikāyaṃ upādāya vattati. Idha pana avisesato amanussesu daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Samāgatānī</span>ti sannipatitāni. <span class="bld">Bhummānī</span>ti bhūmiyaṃ nibbattāni. <span class="bld">Vā</span>-iti vikappane. Tena yānīdha bhummāni vā bhūtāni samāgatānīti imamekaṃ vikappaṃ katvā puna dutiyavikappaṃ kātuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yāni va antalikkhe’’</span>ti āha. Antalikkhe vā yāni bhūtāni nibbattāni, tāni sabbāni idha samāgatānīti attho. Ettha ca yāmato yāva akaniṭṭhaṃ, tāva nibbattāni bhūtāni ākāse pātubhūtavimānesu nibbattattā ‘‘antalikkhe bhūtānī’’ti veditabbāni. Tato heṭṭhā sineruto pabhuti yāva bhūmiyaṃ rukkhalatādīsu adhivatthāni pathaviyañca nibbattāni bhūtāni, tāni sabbāni bhūmiyaṃ bhūmipaṭibaddhesu ca rukkhalatāpabbatādīsu nibbattattā ‘‘bhummāni bhūtānī’’ti veditabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M0.0140"></a> bhagavā sabbāneva amanussabhūtāni ‘‘bhummāni vā yāni va antalikkhe’’ti dvīhi padehi vikappetvā puna ekena padena pariggahetvā dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sabbeva bhūtā sumanā bhavantū’’</span>ti āha. <span class="bld">Sabbe</span>ti anavasesā. <span class="bld">Evā</span>ti avadhāraṇe, ekampi anapanetvāti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Bhūtā</span>ti amanussā. <span class="bld">Sumanā bhavantū</span>ti sukhitamanā pītisomanassajātā bhavantu. <span class="bld">Athopī</span>ti kiccantarasanniyojanatthaṃ vākyopādāne nipātadvayaṃ. <span class="bld">Sakkacca suṇantu bhāsita</span>nti aṭṭhiṃ <a name="P0.0167"></a> katvā manasikatvā sabbaṃ cetasā samannāharitvā dibbasampattilokuttarasukhāvahaṃ mama desanaṃ suṇantu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamettha bhagavā ‘‘yānīdha bhūtāni samāgatānī’’ti aniyamitavacanena bhūtāni pariggahetvā puna ‘‘bhummāni vā yāni va antalikkhe’’ti dvidhā vikappetvā tato ‘‘sabbeva bhūtā’’ti puna ekajjhaṃ katvā ‘‘sumanā bhavantū’’ti iminā vacanena āsayasampattiyaṃ niyojento ‘‘sakkacca suṇantu bhāsita’’nti payogasampattiyaṃ, tathā yonisomanasikārasampattiyaṃ <a name="V0.0134"></a> paratoghosasampattiyañca, tathā attasammāpaṇidhisappurisūpanissayasampattīsu samādhipaññāhetusampattīsu ca niyojento gāthaṃ samāpesi.</p>
<p class="subhead">Tasmā hītigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para2"></a><span class="paranum">2</span>. <span class="bld">Tasmā hi bhūtā</span>ti dutiyagāthā. Tattha <span class="bld">tasmā</span>ti kāraṇavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Bhūtā</span>ti āmantanavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Nisāmethā</span>ti suṇātha. <span class="bld">Sabbe</span>ti anavasesā. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yasmā tumhe dibbaṭṭhānāni tattha upabhogaparibhogasampadañca pahāya dhammassavanatthaṃ idha samāgatā, na naṭanaccanādidassanatthaṃ, tasmā hi bhūtā nisāmetha sabbeti. Atha vā ‘‘sumanā bhavantu, sakkacca suṇantū’’ti vacanena tesaṃ sumanabhāvaṃ sakkaccaṃ sotukamyatañca disvā āha ‘‘yasmā tumhe sumanabhāvena attasammāpaṇidhiyonisomanasikārāsayasuddhīhi sakkaccaṃ sotukamyatāya sappurisūpanissayaparatoghosapadaṭṭhānato payogasuddhīhi ca yuttā, tasmā hi bhūtā nisāmetha sabbe’’ti. Atha vā yaṃ <a name="M0.0141"></a> purimagāthāya ante ‘‘bhāsita’’nti vuttaṃ, taṃ kāraṇabhāvena apadisanto āha ‘‘yasmā mama bhāsitaṃ nāma atidullabhaṃ aṭṭhakkhaṇaparivajjitassa khaṇassa dullabhattā, anekānisaṃsañca paññākaruṇāguṇena pavattattā, tañcāhaṃ vattukāmo ‘suṇantu bhāsita’nti avocaṃ, tasmā hi bhūtā nisāmetha sabbe’’ti. Idaṃ iminā gāthāpadena vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evametaṃ kāraṇaṃ niropento attano bhāsitanisāmane niyojetvā nisāmetabbaṃ vattumāraddho <a name="P0.0168"></a> <span class="bld">‘‘mettaṃ karotha mānusiyā pajāyā’’</span>ti. Tassattho – yāyaṃ tīhi upaddavehi upaddutā mānusī pajā, tassā mānusiyā pajāya mettaṃ mittabhāvaṃ hitajjhāsayataṃ paccupaṭṭhapethāti. Keci pana ‘‘mānusikaṃ paja’’nti paṭhanti, taṃ bhummatthāsambhavā na yujjati. Yampi aññe atthaṃ vaṇṇayanti, sopi na yujjati. Adhippāyo panettha – nāhaṃ buddhoti issariyabalena vadāmi, api tu yaṃ tumhākañca imissā ca mānusiyā pajāya hitatthaṃ vadāmi ‘‘mettaṃ karotha mānusiyā pajāyā’’ti. Ettha ca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ye sattasaṇḍaṃ pathaviṃ vijetvā,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Rājisayo yajamānānupariyagā;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Assamedhaṃ purisamedhaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sammāpāsaṃ vājapeyyaṃ niraggaḷaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Mettassa <a name="V0.0135"></a> cittassa subhāvitassa,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Kalampi te nānubhavanti soḷasiṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Ekampi ce pāṇamaduṭṭhacitto,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mettāyati kusalo tena hoti.</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Sabbe ca pāṇe manasānukampī, pahūtamariyo pakaroti puñña’’nti. (itivu. 27; a. ni. 8.1) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādīnaṃ suttānaṃ ekādasānisaṃsānañca vasena ye mettaṃ karonti, etesaṃ mettā hitāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Devatānukampito poso, sadā bhadrāni passatī’’ti. (udā. 76; mahāva. 286) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādīnaṃ <a name="M0.0142"></a> suttānaṃ vasena yesu kayirati, tesampi hitāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ ubhayesampi hitabhāvaṃ dassento ‘‘mettaṃ karotha mānusiyā’’ti vatvā idāni upakārampi dassento āha <a name="P0.0169"></a> <span class="bld">‘‘divā ca ratto ca haranti ye baliṃ, tasmā hi ne rakkhatha appamattā’’</span>ti. Tassattho – ye manussā cittakammakaṭṭhakammādīhipi devatā katvā cetiyarukkhādīni ca upasaṅkamitvā devatā uddissa divā baliṃ karonti, kālapakkhādīsu ca rattiṃ baliṃ karonti, salākabhattādīni vā datvā ārakkhadevatā upādāya yāva brahmadevatānaṃ pattidānaniyyātanena divā baliṃ karonti, chattāropanadīpamālāya sabbarattikadhammassavanādīni kārāpetvā pattidānaniyyātanena ca rattiṃ baliṃ karonti, te kathaṃ na rakkhitabbā? Yato evaṃ divā ca ratto ca tumhe uddissa karonti ye baliṃ, <span class="bld">tasmā hi ne rakkhatha;</span> tasmā balikammakaraṇāpi te manusse rakkhatha gopayatha, ahitaṃ nesaṃ apanetha, hitaṃ upanetha appamattā hutvā taṃ kataññubhāvaṃ hadaye katvā niccamanussarantāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Yaṃkiñcītigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para3"></a><span class="paranum">3</span>. Evaṃ devatāsu manussānaṃ upakārakabhāvaṃ dassetvā tesaṃ upaddavavūpasamanatthaṃ buddhādiguṇappakāsanena <a name="V0.0136"></a> ca devamanussānaṃ dhammassavanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yaṃkiñci vitta’’</span>ntiādinā nayena saccavacanaṃ payuñjitumāraddho. Tattha <span class="bld">yaṃkiñcī</span>ti aniyamitavasena anavasesaṃ pariyādiyati yaṃkiñci tattha tattha vohārūpagaṃ. <span class="bld">Vitta</span>nti dhanaṃ. Tañhi vittiṃ janetīti vittaṃ. <span class="bld">Idha vā</span>ti manussalokaṃ niddisati. <span class="bld">Huraṃ vā</span>ti tato paraṃ avasesalokaṃ, tena ca ṭhapetvā manusse sabbalokaggahaṇe patte ‘‘saggesu vā’’ti parato vuttattā ṭhapetvā manusse ca sagge ca avasesānaṃ nāgasupaṇṇādīnaṃ gahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ imehi dvīhi padehi yaṃ manussānaṃ vohārūpagaṃ alaṅkāraparibhogūpagañca jātarūparajatamuttāmaṇiveḷuriyapavāḷalohitaṅkamasāragallādikaṃ, yañca muttāmaṇivālukatthatāya bhūmiyā ratanamayavimānesu anekayojanasatavitthatesu <a name="P0.0170"></a> bhavanesu uppannānaṃ nāgasupaṇṇādīnaṃ vittaṃ, taṃ niddiṭṭhaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Saggesu vā</span>ti kāmāvacararūpāvacaradevalokesu. Te <a name="M0.0143"></a> hi sobhanena kammena ajīyantīti saggā. Suṭṭhu aggātipi saggā. <span class="bld">Ya</span>nti yaṃ sasāmikaṃ vā asāmikaṃ vā. <span class="bld">Ratana</span>nti ratiṃ nayati vahati janayati vaḍḍhetīti ratanaṃ. Yaṃkiñci cittīkataṃ mahagghaṃ atulaṃ dullabhadassanaṃ anomasattaparibhogañca, tassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Cittīkataṃ mahagghañca, atulaṃ dullabhadassanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Anomasattaparibhogaṃ, ratanaṃ tena vuccatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paṇīta</span>nti uttamaṃ seṭṭhaṃ atappakaṃ. Evaṃ iminā gāthāpadena yaṃ saggesu anekayojanasatappamāṇasabbaratanamayavimānasudhammavejayantappabhutīsu sasāmikaṃ, yañca buddhuppādavirahena apāyameva paripūrentesu sattesu suññavimānappaṭibaddhaṃ asāmikaṃ, yaṃ vā panaññampi pathavimahāsamuddahimavantādinissitamasāmikaṃ ratanaṃ, taṃ niddiṭṭhaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Na no samaṃ atthi tathāgatenā</span>ti <span class="bld">na</span>-iti paṭisedhe. <span class="bld">No</span>-iti avadhāraṇe. <span class="bld">Sama</span>nti tulyaṃ. <span class="bld">Atthī</span>ti vijjati. <span class="bld">Tathāgatenā</span>ti buddhena. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yaṃ etaṃ vittañca ratanañca pakāsitaṃ, ettha ekampi buddharatanena sadisaṃ ratanaṃ nevatthi. Yampi hi taṃ <span class="bld">cittīkataṭṭhena ratanaṃ,</span> seyyathidaṃ – rañño cakkavattissa cakkaratanaṃ maṇiratanañca, yamhi uppanne mahājano na aññattha cittīkāraṃ karoti, na koci pupphagandhādīni gahetvā yakkhaṭṭhānaṃ vā bhūtaṭṭhānaṃ vā gacchati, sabbopi jano cakkaratanamaṇiratanameva cittīkāraṃ karoti pūjeti, taṃ taṃ varaṃ pattheti, patthitapatthitañcassa ekaccaṃ samijjhati, tampi ratanaṃ buddharatanena samaṃ natthi. Yadi hi <a name="V0.0137"></a> cittīkataṭṭhena ratanaṃ, tathāgatova ratanaṃ. Tathāgate <a name="P0.0171"></a> hi uppanne ye keci mahesakkhā devamanussā na te aññatra cittīkāraṃ karonti, na kañci aññaṃ pūjenti. Tathā hi brahmā sahampati sinerumattena ratanadāmena tathāgataṃ pūjesi, yathābalañca aññe devā manussā ca bimbisārakosalarājaanāthapiṇḍikādayo. Parinibbutampi bhagavantaṃ uddissa channavutikoṭidhanaṃ vissajjetvā asokamahārājā sakalajambudīpe caturāsīti vihārasahassāni patiṭṭhāpesi, ko pana vādo aññesaṃ cittīkārānaṃ. Apica kassaññassa parinibbutassāpi jātibodhidhammacakkappavattanaparinibbānaṭṭhānāni paṭimācetiyādīni vā uddissa evaṃ cittīkāragarukāro pavattati yathā bhagavato. Evaṃcittīkataṭṭhenāpi tathāgatasamaṃ ratanaṃ natthi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā <a name="M0.0144"></a> yampi taṃ <span class="bld">mahagghaṭṭhena ratanaṃ</span>. Seyyathidaṃ – kāsikaṃ vatthaṃ. Yathāha – ‘‘jiṇṇampi, bhikkhave, kāsikaṃ vatthaṃ vaṇṇavantañceva hoti sukhasamphassañca mahagghañcā’’ti (a. ni. 3.100), tampi buddharatanena samaṃ natthi. Yadi hi mahagghaṭṭhena ratanaṃ, tathāgatova ratanaṃ. Tathāgato hi yesaṃ paṃsukampi paṭiggaṇhāti, tesaṃ taṃ mahapphalaṃ hoti mahānisaṃsaṃ seyyathāpi asokarañño, idamassa mahagghatāya. Evaṃ mahagghatāvacanena cettha dosābhāvasādhakaṃ idaṃ suttapadaṃ veditabbaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yesaṃ kho pana so paṭiggaṇhāti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ, tesaṃ taṃ mahapphalaṃ hoti mahānisaṃsaṃ. Idamassa mahagghatāya vadāmi. Seyyathāpi taṃ, bhikkhave, kāsikaṃ vatthaṃ mahagghaṃ, tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmī’’ti (a. ni. 3.100).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ mahagghaṭṭhenapi tathāgatasamaṃ ratanaṃ natthi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā yampi taṃ <span class="bld">atulaṭṭhena</span> <a name="P0.0172"></a> <span class="bld">ratanaṃ</span>. Seyyathidaṃ – rañño cakkavattissa <span class="bld">cakkaratanaṃ</span> uppajjati indanīlamaṇimayanābhi sattaratanamayasahassāraṃ pavāḷamayanemi rattasuvaṇṇamayasandhi, yassa dasannaṃ dasannaṃ arānamupari ekaṃ muṇḍāraṃ hoti vātaṃ gahetvā saddakaraṇatthaṃ, yena kato saddo sukusalappatāḷitapañcaṅgikatūriyasaddo viya hoti, yassa nābhiyā ubhosu passesu dve sīhamukhāni honti, abbhantaraṃ sakaṭacakkasseva susiraṃ. Tassa kattā vā kāretā vā natthi, kammapaccayena ututo samuṭṭhāti. Yaṃ rājā dasavidhaṃ cakkavattivattaṃ pūretvā tadahuposathe puṇṇamadivase sīsaṃnhāto uposathiko uparipāsādavaragato sīlāni sodhento nisinno puṇṇacandaṃ <a name="V0.0138"></a> viya sūriyaṃ viya ca uṭṭhentaṃ passati, yassa dvādasayojanato saddo suyyati, yojanato vaṇṇo dissati, yaṃ mahājanena ‘‘dutiyo maññe cando sūriyo vā uṭṭhito’’ti ativiya kotūhalajātena dissamānaṃ nagarassa upari āgantvā rañño antepurassa pācīnapasse nātiuccaṃ nātinīcaṃ hutvā mahājanassa gandhapupphādīhi pūjetuṃ, yuttaṭṭhāne akkhāhataṃ viya tiṭṭhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tadeva <a name="M0.0145"></a> anubandhamānaṃ <span class="bld">hatthiratanaṃ</span> uppajjati, sabbaseto rattapādo sattappatiṭṭho iddhimā vehāsaṅgamo uposathakulā vā chaddantakulā vā āgacchati, uposathakulā ca āgacchanto sabbajeṭṭho āgacchati, chaddantakulā sabbakaniṭṭho sikkhitasikkho damathūpeto, so dvādasayojanaṃ parisaṃ gahetvā sakalajambudīpaṃ anusaṃyāyitvā purepātarāsameva sakaṃ rājadhāniṃ āgacchati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tampi anubandhamānaṃ <span class="bld">assaratanaṃ</span> uppajjati, sabbaseto rattapādo kāḷasīso muñjakeso valāhakassarājakulā āgacchati. Sesamettha hatthiratanasadisameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tampi anubandhamānaṃ <span class="bld">maṇiratanaṃ</span> <a name="P0.0173"></a> uppajjati. So hoti maṇi veḷuriyo subho jātimā aṭṭhaṃso suparikammakato āyāmato cakkanābhisadiso, vepullapabbatā āgacchati. So caturaṅgasamannāgatepi andhakāre rañño dhajaggaṃ gato yojanaṃ obhāseti, yassobhāsena manussā ‘‘divā’’ti maññamānā kammante payojenti, antamaso kunthakipillikaṃ upādāya passanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tampi anubandhamānaṃ <span class="bld">itthiratanaṃ</span> uppajjati, pakatiaggamahesī vā hoti, uttarakuruto vā āgacchati maddarājakulato vā, atidīghatādichadosavivajjitā atikkantā mānusavaṇṇaṃ appattā dibbavaṇṇaṃ, yassā rañño sītakāle uṇhāni gattāni honti, uṇhakāle sītāni, satadhā phoṭita tūlapicuno viya samphasso hoti, kāyato candanagandho vāyati, mukhato uppalagandho, pubbuṭṭhāyinitādianekaguṇasamannāgatā ca hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tampi anubandhamānaṃ <span class="bld">gahapatiratanaṃ</span> uppajjati rañño pakatikammakāro seṭṭhi, yassa cakkaratane uppannamatte dibbaṃ cakkhu pātubhavati, yena samantato yojanamatte nidhiṃ passati asāmikampi sasāmikampi, so rājānaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pavāreti ‘‘appossukko tvaṃ, deva, hohi, ahaṃ te dhanena dhanakaraṇīyaṃ karissāmī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tampi <a name="V0.0139"></a><a name="M0.0146"></a> anubandhamānaṃ <span class="bld">pariṇāyakaratanaṃ</span> uppajjati rañño pakatijeṭṭhaputto. Cakkaratane uppannamatte atirekapaññāveyyattiyena samannāgato hoti, dvādasayojanāya parisāya cetasā cittaṃ parijānitvā niggahapaggahasamattho hoti, so rājānaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pavāreti ‘‘appossukko tvaṃ, deva, hohi, ahaṃ te rajjaṃ anusāsissāmī’’ti. Yaṃ vā panaññampi evarūpaṃ atulaṭṭhena ratanaṃ, yassa na sakkā tulayitvā tīrayitvā aggho kātuṃ ‘‘sataṃ vā sahassaṃ vā agghati koṭiṃ vā’’ti. Tattha ekaratanampi buddharatanena samaṃ <a name="P0.0174"></a> natthi. Yadi hi atulaṭṭhena ratanaṃ, tathāgatova ratanaṃ. Tathāgato hi na sakkā sīlato vā samādhito vā paññādīnaṃ vā aññatarato kenaci tulayitvā tīrayitvā ‘‘ettakaguṇo vā iminā samo vā sappaṭibhāgo vā’’ti paricchindituṃ. Evaṃ atulaṭṭhenapi tathāgatasamaṃ ratanaṃ natthi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā yampi taṃ <span class="bld">dullabhadassanaṭṭhena ratanaṃ,</span> seyyathidaṃ dullabhapātubhāvo rājā cakkavatti, cakkādīni ca tassa ratanāni, tampi buddharatanena samaṃ natthi. Yadi hi dullabhadassanaṭṭhena ratanaṃ, tathāgatova ratanaṃ, kuto cakkavattiādīnaṃ ratanattaṃ. Tāni hi ekasmiṃyeva kappe anekāni uppajjanti. Yasmā pana asaṅkhyeyyepi kappe tathāgatasuñño loko hoti, tasmā tathāgatova kadāci karahaci uppajjanato dullabhadassano. Vuttampi cetaṃ bhagavatā parinibbānasamaye –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Devatā, ānanda, ujjhāyanti ‘dūrā ca vatamha āgatā tathāgataṃ dassanāya, kadāci karahaci tathāgatā loke uppajjanti arahanto sammāsambuddhā, ajjeva rattiyā pacchime yāme tathāgatassa parinibbānaṃ bhavissati, ayañca mahesakkho bhikkhu bhagavato purato ṭhito ovārento, na mayaṃ labhāma pacchime kāle tathāgataṃ dassanāyā’’’ti (dī. ni. 2.200).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ dullabhadassanaṭṭhenāpi tathāgatasamaṃ ratanaṃ natthi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā yampi taṃ <span class="bld">anomasattaparibhogaṭṭhena ratanaṃ</span>. Seyyathidaṃ – rañño cakkavattissa cakkaratanādi tañhi koṭisatasahassadhanānampi sattabhūmikapāsādavaratale <a name="M0.0147"></a> vasantānampi caṇḍālavenanesādarathakārapukkusādīnaṃ nīcakulikānaṃ omakapurisānaṃ supinantepi <a name="P0.0175"></a> paribhogatthāya na nibbattati. Ubhato sujātassa pana rañño khattiyasseva paripūritadasavidhacakkavattivattassa paribhogatthāya nibbattanato anomasattaparibhogaṃyeva hoti, tampi buddharatanasamaṃ natthi. Yadi hi anomasattaparibhogaṭṭhena <a name="V0.0140"></a> ratanaṃ, tathāgatova ratanaṃ. Tathāgato hi loke omakasattasammatānaṃ anupanissayasampannānaṃ viparītadassanānaṃ pūraṇakassapādīnaṃ channaṃ satthārānaṃ aññesañca evarūpānaṃ supinantepi aparibhogo. Upanissayasampannānaṃ pana catuppadāyapi gāthāya pariyosāne arahattamadhigantuṃ samatthānaṃ nibbedhikañāṇadassanānaṃ bāhiyadārucīriyappabhutīnaṃ aññesañca mahākulappasutānaṃ mahāsāvakānaṃ paribhogo, te hi taṃ dassanānuttariyasavanānuttariyapāricariyānuttariyādīni sādhentā tathāgataṃ paribhuñjanti. Evaṃ anomasattaparibhogaṭṭhenāpi tathāgatasamaṃ ratanaṃ natthi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yampi taṃ avisesato <span class="bld">ratijananaṭṭhena ratanaṃ</span>. Seyyathidaṃ – rañño cakkavattissa cakkaratanaṃ. Tañhi disvāva rājā cakkavatti attamano hoti, evampi taṃ rañño ratiṃ janeti. Puna caparaṃ rājā cakkavatti vāmena hatthena suvaṇṇabhiṅkāraṃ gahetvā dakkhiṇena hatthena cakkaratanaṃ abbhukkirati ‘‘pavattatu bhavaṃ cakkaratanaṃ, abhivijinātu bhavaṃ cakkaratana’’nti. Tato cakkaratanaṃ pañcaṅgikaṃ viya tūriyaṃ madhurassaraṃ niccharantaṃ ākāsena puratthimaṃ disaṃ gacchati<a name="P0.0176"></a>, anvadeva rājā, cakkavatti cakkānubhāvena dvādasayojanavitthiṇṇāya caturaṅginiyā senāya nātiuccaṃ nātinīcaṃ uccarukkhānaṃ heṭṭhābhāgena, nīcarukkhānaṃ uparibhāgena, rukkhesu pupphaphalapallavādipaṇṇākāraṃ gahetvā āgatānaṃ hatthato paṇṇākārañca gaṇhanto ‘‘ehi kho, mahārājā’’ti evamādinā paramanipaccakārena āgate paṭirājāno ‘‘pāṇo na hantabbo’’tiādinā nayena anusāsanto gacchati. Yattha pana rājā bhuñjitukāmo vā divāseyyaṃ vā kappetukāmo hoti, tattha cakkaratanaṃ ākāsā orohitvā udakādisabbakiccakkhame same bhūmibhāge akkhāhataṃ viya tiṭṭhati. Puna rañño gamanacitte uppanne purimanayeneva saddaṃ karontaṃ gacchati, taṃ sutvā dvādasayojanikāpi parisā ākāsena gacchati<a name="M0.0148"></a>. Cakkaratanaṃ anupubbena puratthimaṃ samuddaṃ ajjhogāhati, tasmiṃ ajjhogāhante udakaṃ yojanappamāṇaṃ apagantvā bhittīkataṃ viya tiṭṭhati. Mahājano yathākāmaṃ satta ratanāni gaṇhāti. Puna rājā suvaṇṇabhiṅkāraṃ gahetvā ‘‘ito paṭṭhāya mama rajja’’nti udakena abbhukkiritvā nivattati. Senā purato hoti, cakkaratanaṃ pacchato, rājā majjhe. Cakkaratanena osakkitosakkitaṭṭhānaṃ udakaṃ paripūrati. Eteneva upāyena dakkhiṇapacchimuttarepi samudde gacchati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ catuddisaṃ anusaṃyāyitvā cakkaratanaṃ tiyojanappamāṇaṃ ākāsaṃ ārohati. Tattha ṭhito rājā cakkaratanānubhāvena vijitavijayo pañcasataparittadīpapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ sattayojanasahassaparimaṇḍalaṃ <a name="V0.0141"></a> pubbavidehaṃ, tathā aṭṭhayojanasahassaparimaṇḍalaṃ uttarakuruṃ, sattayojanasahassaparimaṇḍalaṃyeva <a name="P0.0177"></a> aparagoyānaṃ, dasayojanasahassaparimaṇḍalaṃ jambudīpañcāti evaṃ catumahādīpadvisahassaparittadīpapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ ekaṃ cakkavāḷaṃ suphullapuṇḍarīkavanaṃ viya oloketi. Evaṃ olokayato cassa anappakā rati uppajjati. Evampi taṃ cakkaratanaṃ rañño ratiṃ janeti, tampi buddharatanasamaṃ natthi. Yadi hi ratijananaṭṭhena ratanaṃ, tathāgatova ratanaṃ, kiṃ karissati etaṃ cakkaratanaṃ? Tathāgato hi yassā dibbāya ratiyā cakkaratanādīhi sabbehipi janitā cakkavattirati saṅkhampi kalampi kalabhāgampi na upeti, tatopi ratito uttaritarañca paṇītatarañca attano ovādappaṭikarānaṃ asaṅkhyeyyānampi devamanussānaṃ paṭhamajjhānaratiṃ dutiyatatiyacatutthapañcamajjhānaratiṃ, ākāsānañcāyatanaratiṃ, viññāṇañcāyatanaākiñcaññāyatananevasaññānāsaññāyatanaratiṃ, sotāpattimaggaratiṃ, sotāpattiphalaratiṃ, sakadāgāmianāgāmiarahattamaggaphalaratiñca janeti. Evaṃ ratijananaṭṭhenāpi tathāgatasamaṃ ratanaṃ natthīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica ratanaṃ nāmetaṃ duvidhaṃ hoti saviññāṇakamaviññāṇakañca. Tattha aviññāṇakaṃ cakkaratanaṃ maṇiratanañca, yaṃ vā panaññampi anindriyabaddhasuvaṇṇarajatādi, saviññāṇakaṃ hatthiratanādipariṇāyakaratanapariyosānaṃ, yaṃ vā panaññampi evarūpaṃ indriyabaddhaṃ. Evaṃ duvidhe cettha saviññāṇakaratanaṃ aggamakkhāyati<a name="M0.0149"></a>. Kasmā? Yasmā aviññāṇakaṃ suvaṇṇarajatamaṇimuttādiratanaṃ saviññāṇakānaṃ hatthiratanādīnaṃ alaṅkāratthāya upanīyati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Saviññāṇakaratanampi duvidhaṃ tiracchānagataratanaṃ, manussaratanañca. Tattha manussaratanaṃ aggamakkhāyati. Kasmā? Yasmā tiracchānagataratanaṃ manussaratanassa opavayhaṃ <a name="P0.0178"></a> hoti. Manussaratanampi duvidhaṃ itthiratanaṃ, purisaratanañca. Tattha purisaratanaṃ aggamakkhāyati. Kasmā? Yasmā itthiratanaṃ purisaratanassa paricārikattaṃ āpajjati. Purisaratanampi duvidhaṃ agārikaratanaṃ, anagārikaratanañca. Tattha anagārikaratanaṃ aggamakkhāyati. Kasmā? Yasmā agārikaratanesu aggo cakkavattipi sīlādiguṇayuttaṃ anagārikaratanaṃ pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā upaṭṭhahitvā payirupāsitvā dibbamānusikā sampattiyo pāpuṇitvā ante nibbānasampattiṃ pāpuṇāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ anagārikaratanampi duvidhaṃ ariyaputhujjanavasena. Ariyaratanampi duvidhaṃ sekhāsekhavasena. Asekharatanampi duvidhaṃ sukkhavipassakasamathayānikavasena. Samathayānikaratanampi <a name="V0.0142"></a> duvidhaṃ sāvakapāramippattamappattañca. Tattha sāvakapāramippattaṃ aggamakkhāyati. Kasmā? Guṇamahantatāya. Sāvakapāramippattaratanatopi paccekabuddharatanaṃ aggamakkhāyati. Kasmā? Guṇamahantatāya. Sāriputtamoggallānasadisāpi hi anekasatā sāvakā ekassa paccekabuddhassa guṇānaṃ satabhāgampi na upenti. Paccekabuddharatanatopi sammāsambuddharatanaṃ aggamakkhāyati. Kasmā? Guṇamahantatāya. Sakalampi hi jambudīpaṃ pūretvā pallaṅkena pallaṅkaṃ ghaṭentā nisinnā paccekabuddhā ekassa sammāsambuddhassa guṇānaṃ neva saṅkhaṃ na kalaṃ na kalabhāgaṃ upenti. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – ‘‘yāvatā, bhikkhave, sattā apadā vā…pe… tathāgato tesaṃ aggamakkhāyatī’’tiādi (a. ni. 4.34; 5.32; itivu. 90). Evaṃ kenaci pariyāyena tathāgatasamaṃ ratanaṃ natthi. Tenāha bhagavā – <span class="bld">‘‘na no samaṃ atthi</span> <a name="P0.0179"></a> <span class="bld">tathāgatenā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bhagavā buddharatanassa aññehi ratanehi asamataṃ vatvā idāni tesaṃ sattānaṃ uppannaupaddavavūpasamatthaṃ neva jātiṃ na gottaṃ na kolaputtiyaṃ na vaṇṇapokkharatādiṃ nissāya, apica kho avīcimupādāya bhavaggapariyante <a name="M0.0150"></a> loke sīlasamādhikkhandhādīhi guṇehi buddharatanassa asadisabhāvaṃ nissāya saccavacanaṃ payuñjati <span class="bld">‘‘idampi buddhe ratanaṃ paṇītaṃ, etena saccena suvatthi hotū’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassattho – idampi idha vā huraṃ vā saggesu vā yaṃkiñci atthi vittaṃ vā ratanaṃ vā, tena saddhiṃ tehi tehi guṇehi asamattā buddhe ratanaṃ paṇītaṃ. Yadi hi etaṃ saccaṃ, atha etena saccena imesaṃ pāṇīnaṃ suvatthi hotu, sobhanānaṃ atthitā hotu arogatā nirupaddavatāti. Ettha ca yathā ‘‘cakkhu kho, ānanda, suññaṃ attena vā attaniyena vā’’ti evamādīsu (saṃ. ni. 4.85) attabhāvena vā attaniyabhāvena vāti attho. Itarathā hi cakkhu attā vā attaniyaṃ vāti appaṭisiddhameva siyā. Evaṃ <span class="bld">ratanaṃ paṇīta</span>nti ratanattaṃ paṇītaṃ, ratanabhāvo paṇītoti ayamattho veditabbo. Itarathā hi buddho neva ratananti sijjheyya. Na hi yattha ratanaṃ atthi, taṃ ratananti na sijjhati. Yattha pana cittīkatādiatthasaṅkhātaṃ yena vā tena vā vidhinā sambandhagataṃ ratanaṃ atthi, yasmā taṃ ratanattamupādāya ratananti paññāpīyati, tasmā tassa ratanassa atthitāya ratananti sijjhati. Atha vā <span class="bld">idampi buddhe ratana</span>nti imināpi pakārena buddhova ratananti evamattho veditabbo. Vuttamattāya ca bhagavatā imāya gāthāya rājakulassa sotthi jātā, bhayaṃ vūpasantaṃ. Imissā gāthāya āṇā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷesu amanussehi paṭiggahitāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Khayaṃ virāgantigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para4"></a><span class="paranum">4</span>. Evaṃ <a name="V0.0143"></a><a name="P0.0180"></a> buddhaguṇena saccaṃ vatvā idāni nibbānadhammaguṇena vattumāraddho <span class="bld">‘‘khayaṃ virāga’’</span>nti. Tattha yasmā nibbānasacchikiriyāya rāgādayo khīṇā honti parikkhīṇā, yasmā vā taṃ tesaṃ anuppādanirodhakkhayamattaṃ, yasmā ca taṃ rāgādivippayuttaṃ sampayogato ca ārammaṇato ca, yasmā vā tamhi sacchikate rāgādayo accantaṃ virattā honti vigatā viddhastā, tasmā khayanti ca virāganti ca vuccati. Yasmā panassa na uppādo paññāyati, na vayo, na ṭhitassa aññathattaṃ tasmā taṃ na jāyati na jīyati na mīyatīti katvā <span class="bld">amata</span>nti vuccati. Uttamatthena pana atappakaṭṭhena ca <span class="bld">paṇīta</span>nti. <span class="bld">Yadajjhagā</span>ti yaṃ ajjhagā vindi paṭilabhi, attano ñāṇabalena sacchākāsi. <span class="bld">Sakyamunī</span>ti <a name="M0.0151"></a> sakyakulappasutattā sakyo, moneyyadhammasamannāgatattā muni, sakyo eva muni sakyamuni. <span class="bld">Samāhito</span>ti ariyamaggasamādhinā samāhitacitto. <span class="bld">Na tena dhammena samatthi kiñcī</span>ti tena khayādināmakena sakyamuninā adhigatena dhammena samaṃ kiñci dhammajātaṃ natthi. Tasmā suttantarepi vuttaṃ – ‘‘yāvatā, bhikkhave, dhammā saṅkhatā vā asaṅkhatā vā, virāgo tesaṃ aggamakkhāyatī’’tiādi (a. ni. 4.34; itivu. 90).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bhagavā nibbānadhammassa aññehi dhammehi asamataṃ vatvā idāni tesaṃ sattānaṃ uppannaupaddavavūpasamatthaṃ khayavirāgāmatapaṇītatāguṇehi nibbānadhammaratanassa asadisabhāvaṃ nissāya saccavacanaṃ payuñjati <span class="bld">‘‘idampi dhamme ratanaṃ paṇītaṃ, etena saccena suvatthi hotū’’</span>ti. Tassattho purimagāthāya vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Imissāpi gāthāya āṇā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷesu amanussehi paṭiggahitāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Yaṃ buddhaseṭṭhotigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para5"></a><span class="paranum">5</span>. Evaṃ nibbānadhammaguṇena saccaṃ vatvā idāni maggadhammaguṇena vattumāraddho <span class="bld">‘‘yaṃ buddhaseṭṭho’’</span>ti. Tattha ‘‘bujjhitā saccānī’’tiādinā nayena buddho<a name="P0.0181"></a>, uttamo pasaṃsanīyo cāti seṭṭho, buddho ca so seṭṭho cāti buddhaseṭṭho, anubuddhapaccekabuddhasutabuddhakhyesu vā buddhesu seṭṭhoti buddhaseṭṭho. So buddhaseṭṭho yaṃ parivaṇṇayī ‘‘aṭṭhaṅgikova maggānaṃ, khemaṃ nibbānapattiyā’’ti (ma. ni. 2.215) ca ‘‘ariyaṃ vo, bhikkhave, sammāsamādhiṃ desissāmi saupanisaṃ saparikkhāra’’nti (ma. ni. 3.136) ca evamādinā nayena tattha tattha <a name="V0.0144"></a> pasaṃsi pakāsayi. <span class="bld">Suci</span>nti kilesamalasamucchedakaraṇato accantavodānaṃ. <span class="bld">Samādhimānantarikaññamāhū</span>ti yañca attano pavattisamanantaraṃ niyameneva phalapadānato ‘‘ānantarikasamādhī’’ti āhu. Na hi maggasamādhimhi uppanne tassa phaluppattinisedhako koci antarāyo atthi. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ayañca puggalo sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno assa, kappassa ca uḍḍayhanavelā assa, neva tāva kappo uḍḍayheyya, yāvāyaṃ puggalo na sotāpattiphalaṃ sacchikaroti, ayaṃ <a name="M0.0152"></a> vuccati puggalo ṭhitakappī. Sabbepi maggasamaṅgino puggalā ṭhitakappino’’ti (pu. pa. 17).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Samādhinā tena samo na vijjatī</span>ti tena buddhaseṭṭhaparivaṇṇitena sucinā ānantarikasamādhinā samo rūpāvacarasamādhi vā arūpāvacarasamādhi vā koci na vijjati. Kasmā? Tesaṃ bhāvitattā tattha tattha brahmaloke upapannassāpi puna nirayādīsupi upapattisambhavato, imassa ca arahattasamādhissa bhāvitattā ariyapuggalassa sabbūpapattisamugghātasambhavato. Tasmā suttantarepi vuttaṃ – ‘‘yāvatā, bhikkhave, dhammā <a name="P0.0182"></a> saṅkhatā…pe… ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, tesaṃ aggamakkhāyatī’’tiādi (a. ni. 4.34; itivu. 90).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bhagavā ānantarikasamādhissa aññehi samādhīhi asamataṃ vatvā idāni purimanayeneva maggadhammaratanassa asadisabhāvaṃ nissāya saccavacanaṃ payuñjati <span class="bld">‘‘idampi dhamme…pe… hotū’’</span>ti. Tassattho pubbe vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Imissāpi gāthāya āṇā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷesu amanussehi paṭiggahitāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Ye puggalātigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para6"></a><span class="paranum">6</span>. Evaṃ maggadhammaguṇenāpi saccaṃ vatvā idāni saṅghaguṇenāpi vattumāraddho <span class="bld">‘‘ye puggalā’’</span>ti. Tattha <span class="bld">ye</span>ti aniyametvā uddeso. <span class="bld">Puggalā</span>ti sattā. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhā</span>ti tesaṃ gaṇanaparicchedo. Te hi cattāro ca paṭipannā cattāro ca phale ṭhitāti aṭṭha honti. <span class="bld">Sataṃ pasatthā</span>ti sappurisehi buddhapaccekabuddhabuddhasāvakehi aññehi ca devamanussehi pasatthā. Kasmā? Sahajātasīlādiguṇayogā. Tesañhi campakavakulakusumādīnaṃ sahajātavaṇṇagandhādayo viya sahajātā sīlasamādhiādayo guṇā, tena te vaṇṇagandhādisampannāni viya pupphāni devamanussānaṃ <a name="V0.0145"></a> sataṃ piyā manāpā pasaṃsanīyā ca honti. Tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ye puggalā aṭṭhasataṃ</span> pasatthā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā <span class="bld">ye</span>ti aniyametvā uddeso. <span class="bld">Puggalā</span>ti sattā. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhasata</span>nti tesaṃ gaṇanaparicchedo. Te hi ekabījī kolaṃkolo sattakkhattuparamoti tayo sotāpannā. Kāmarūpārūpabhavesu adhigataphalā <a name="M0.0153"></a> tayo sakadāgāmino. Te sabbepi catunnaṃ paṭipadānaṃ vasena catuvīsati. Antarāparinibbāyī, upahaccaparinibbāyī, sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī, asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī, uddhaṃsoto, akaniṭṭhagāmīti avihesu pañca. Tathā atappasudassasudassīsu<a name="P0.0183"></a>. Akaniṭṭhesu pana uddhaṃsotavajjā cattāroti catuvīsati anāgāmino. Sukkhavipassako samathayānikoti dve arahanto. Cattāro maggaṭṭhāti catupaññāsa. Te sabbepi saddhādhurapaññādhurānaṃ vasena diguṇā hutvā aṭṭhasataṃ honti. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cattāri etāni yugāni hontī</span>ti te sabbepi aṭṭha vā aṭṭhasataṃ vāti vitthāravasena uddiṭṭhapuggalā saṅkhepavasena sotāpattimaggaṭṭho phalaṭṭhoti ekaṃ yugaṃ, evaṃ yāva arahattamaggaṭṭho phalaṭṭhoti ekaṃ yuganti cattāri yugāni honti. <span class="bld">Te dakkhiṇeyyā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">te</span>ti pubbe aniyametvā uddiṭṭhānaṃ niyametvā niddeso. Ye puggalā vitthāravasena aṭṭha vā, aṭṭhasataṃ vā, saṅkhepavasena cattāri yugāni hontīti vuttā, sabbepi te dakkhiṇaṃ arahantīti dakkhiṇeyyā. Dakkhiṇā nāma kammañca kammavipākañca saddahitvā ‘‘esa me idaṃ vejjakammaṃ vā jaṅghapesanikaṃ vā karissatī’’ti evamādīni anapekkhitvā diyyamāno deyyadhammo, taṃ arahanti nāma sīlādiguṇayuttā puggalā, ime ca tādisā, tena vuccanti ‘‘te dakkhiṇeyyā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sugatassa sāvakā</span>ti bhagavā sobhanena gamanena yuttattā, sobhanañca ṭhānaṃ gatattā, suṭṭhu ca gatattā, suṭṭhu eva ca gadattā sugato, tassa sugatassa. Sabbepi te vacanaṃ suṇantīti sāvakā. Kāmañca aññepi suṇanti, na pana sutvā kattabbakiccaṃ karonti, ime pana sutvā kattabbaṃ dhammānudhammappaṭipattiṃ katvā maggaphalāni pattā, tasmā ‘‘sāvakā’’ti vuccanti. <span class="bld">Etesu dinnāni mahapphalānī</span>ti etesu sugatasāvakesu appakānipi dānāni dinnāni paṭiggāhakato dakkhiṇāvisuddhibhāvaṃ upagatattā mahapphalāni honti. Tasmā suttantarepi vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yāvatā<a name="V0.0146"></a>, bhikkhave<a name="P0.0184"></a>, saṅghā vā gaṇā vā tathāgatasāvakasaṅgho, tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati, yadidaṃ cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā, esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho…pe… aggo vipāko hotī’’ti (a. ni. 4.34; 5.32; itivu. 90).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M0.0154"></a> bhagavā sabbesampi maggaṭṭhaphalaṭṭhānaṃ vasena saṅgharatanassa guṇaṃ vatvā idāni tameva guṇaṃ nissāya saccavacanaṃ payuñjati <span class="bld">‘‘idampi saṅghe’’</span>ti. Tassattho pubbe vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Imissāpi gāthāya āṇā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷesu amanussehi paṭiggahitāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Ye suppayuttātigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para7"></a><span class="paranum">7</span>. Evaṃ maggaṭṭhaphalaṭṭhānaṃ vasena saṅghaguṇena saccaṃ vatvā idāni tato ekaccānaṃ phalasamāpattisukhamanubhavantānaṃ khīṇāsavapuggalānaṃyeva guṇena vattumāraddho <span class="bld">‘‘ye suppayuttā’’</span>ti. Tattha <span class="bld">ye</span>ti aniyamituddesavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Suppayuttā</span>ti suṭṭhu payuttā, anekavihitaṃ anesanaṃ pahāya suddhājīvitaṃ nissāya vipassanāya attānaṃ payuñjitumāraddhāti attho. Atha vā <span class="bld">suppayuttā</span>ti suvisuddhakāyavacīpayogasamannāgatā, tena tesaṃ sīlakkhandhaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Manasā daḷhenā</span>ti daḷhena manasā, thirasamādhiyuttena cetasāti attho. Tena tesaṃ samādhikkhandhaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Nikkāmino</span>ti kāye ca jīvite ca anapekkhā hutvā paññādhurena vīriyena sabbakilesehi katanikkamanā. Tena tesaṃ vīriyasampannaṃ paññakkhandhaṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Gotamasāsanamhī</span>ti gottato gotamassa tathāgatasseva sāsanamhi. Tena ito bahiddhā nānappakārampi amaratapaṃ karontānaṃ suppayogādiguṇābhāvato kilesehi nikkamanābhāvaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Te</span>ti pubbe uddiṭṭhānaṃ niddesavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Pattipattā</span>ti ettha pattabbāti patti, pattabbā nāma pattuṃ arahā, yaṃ patvā accantayogakkhemino <a name="P0.0185"></a> honti, arahattaphalassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ, taṃ pattiṃ pattāti pattipattā. <span class="bld">Amata</span>nti nibbānaṃ. <span class="bld">Vigayhā</span>ti ārammaṇavasena vigāhitvā. <span class="bld">Laddhā</span>ti labhitvā. <span class="bld">Mudhā</span>ti abyayena kākaṇikamattampi byayaṃ akatvā. <span class="bld">Nibbuti</span>nti paṭippassaddhakilesadarathaṃ phalasamāpattiṃ. <span class="bld">Bhuñjamānā</span>ti anubhavamānā. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Ye imasmiṃ gotamasāsanamhi sīlasampannattā suppayuttā, samādhisampannattā manasā daḷhena, paññāsampannattā nikkāmino<a name="V0.0147"></a>, te imāya sammāpaṭipadāya amataṃ vigayha mudhā laddhā phalasamāpattisaññitaṃ nibbutiṃ bhuñjamānā pattipattā nāma hontīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M0.0155"></a> bhagavā phalasamāpattisukhamanubhavantānaṃ khīṇāsavapuggalānameva vasena saṅgharatanassa guṇaṃ vatvā idāni tameva guṇaṃ nissāya saccavacanaṃ payuñjati <span class="bld">‘‘idampi saṅghe’’</span>ti. Tassattho pubbe vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Imissāpi gāthāya āṇā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷesu amanussehi paṭiggahitāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Yathindakhīlotigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para8"></a><span class="paranum">8</span>. Evaṃ khīṇāsavapuggalānaṃ guṇena saṅghādhiṭṭhānaṃ saccaṃ vatvā idāni bahujanapaccakkhena sotāpannasseva guṇena vattumāraddho <span class="bld">‘‘yathindakhīlo’’</span>ti. Tattha <span class="bld">yathā</span>ti upamāvacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Indakhīlo</span>ti nagaradvāravinivāraṇatthaṃ ummārabbhantare aṭṭha vā dasa vā hatthe pathaviṃ khaṇitvā ākoṭitassa sāradārumayathambhassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Pathavi</span>nti bhūmiṃ. <span class="bld">Sito</span>ti anto pavisitvā nissito. <span class="bld">Siyā</span>ti bhaveyya. <span class="bld">Catubbhi vātehī</span>ti catūhi disāhi āgatehi vātehi. <span class="bld">Asampakampiyo</span>ti kampetuṃ vā cāletuṃ vā asakkuṇeyyo. <span class="bld">Tathūpamanti</span> tathāvidhaṃ. <span class="bld">Sappurisa</span>nti uttamapurisaṃ. <span class="bld">Vadāmī</span>ti bhaṇāmi. <span class="bld">Yo ariyasaccāni avecca passatī</span>ti yo cattāri ariyasaccāni paññāya ajjhogāhetvā passati. Tattha ariyasaccāni kumārapañhe vuttanayeneva veditabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ panettha <span class="bld">saṅkhepattho</span> – yathā hi indakhīlo <a name="P0.0186"></a> gambhīranematāya pathavissito catubbhi vātehi asampakampiyo siyā, imampi sappurisaṃ tathūpamameva vadāmi, yo ariyasaccāni avecca passati. Kasmā? Yasmā sopi indakhīlo viya catūhi vātehi sabbatitthiyavādavātehi asampakampiyo hoti, tamhā dassanā kenaci kampetuṃ vā cāletuṃ vā asakkuṇeyyo. Tasmā suttantarepi vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ayokhīlo vā indakhīlo vā gambhīranemo sunikhāto acalo asampakampī, puratthimāya cepi disāya āgaccheyya bhusā vātavuṭṭhi, neva naṃ saṅkampeyya na sampakampeyya na sampacāleyya. Pacchimāya…pe… dakkhiṇāya, uttarāyapi ce…pe… na sampacāleyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Gambhīrattā, bhikkhave, nemassa<a name="M0.0156"></a>, sunikhātattā indakhīlassa. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye ca kho keci samaṇā vā <a name="V0.0148"></a> brāhmaṇā vā ‘idaṃ dukkhanti…pe… paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti, te na aññassa samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā mukhaṃ olokenti ‘ayaṃ nūna bhavaṃ jānaṃ jānāti, passaṃ passatī’ti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Sudiṭṭhattā, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ ariyasaccāna’’nti (saṃ. ni. 5.1109).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bhagavā bahujanapaccakkhassa sotāpannasseva vasena saṅgharatanassa guṇaṃ vatvā idāni tameva guṇaṃ nissāya saccavacanaṃ payuñjati <span class="bld">‘‘idampi saṅghe’’</span>ti. Tassattho pubbe vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Imissāpi gāthāya āṇā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷesu amanussehi paṭiggahitāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Ye ariyasaccānītigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para9"></a><span class="paranum">9</span>. Evaṃ avisesato sotāpannassa guṇena saṅghādhiṭṭhānaṃ saccaṃ vatvā idāni ye te tayo sotāpannā ekabījī kolaṃkolo sattakkhattuparamoti. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Idhekacco puggalo tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpanno hoti…pe… so ekaṃyeva bhavaṃ nibbattitvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti, ayaṃ ekabījī. Tathā dve vā tīṇi vā kulāni sandhāvitvā <a name="P0.0187"></a> saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti, ayaṃ kolaṃkolo. Tathā sattakkhattuṃ devesu ca manussesu ca sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti, ayaṃ sattakkhattuparamo’’ti (pu. pa. 31-33).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tesaṃ sabbakaniṭṭhassa sattakkhattuparamassa guṇena vattumāraddho <span class="bld">‘‘ye ariyasaccānī’’</span>ti. Tattha <span class="bld">ye ariyasaccānī</span>ti etaṃ vuttanayameva. <span class="bld">Vibhāvayantī</span>ti paññāobhāsena saccappaṭicchādakaṃ kilesandhakāraṃ vidhamitvā attano pakāsāni pākaṭāni karonti. <span class="bld">Gambhīrapaññenā</span>ti appameyyapaññatāya sadevakassa lokassa ñāṇena alabbhaneyyappatiṭṭhapaññena, sabbaññunāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Sudesitānī</span>ti samāsabyāsasākalyavekalyādīhi tehi tehi nayehi suṭṭhu desitāni. <span class="bld">Kiñcāpi te honti</span> <a name="M0.0157"></a> <span class="bld">bhusaṃ pamattā</span>ti te vibhāvitaariyasaccā puggalā kiñcāpi devarajjacakkavattirajjādippamādaṭṭhānaṃ āgamma bhusaṃ pamattā honti, tathāpi sotāpattimaggañāṇena abhisaṅkhāraviññāṇassa nirodhena ṭhapetvā satta bhave anamatagge saṃsāre ye uppajjeyyuṃ nāmañca rūpañca, tesaṃ niruddhattā atthaṅgatattā na aṭṭhamaṃ bhavaṃ ādiyanti, sattamabhave eva pana vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="V0.0149"></a> bhagavā sattakkhattuparamavasena saṅgharatanassa guṇaṃ vatvā idāni tameva guṇaṃ nissāya saccavacanaṃ payuñjati <span class="bld">‘‘idampi saṅghe’’</span>ti. Tassattho pubbe vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Imissāpi gāthāya āṇā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷesu amanussehi paṭiggahitāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Sahāvassātigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para10"></a><span class="paranum">10</span>. Evaṃ sattakkhattuparamassa aṭṭhamaṃ bhavaṃ anādiyanaguṇena saṅghādhiṭṭhānaṃ saccaṃ vatvā idāni tasseva satta bhave ādiyatopi aññehi appahīnabhavādānehi puggalehi visiṭṭhena guṇena vattumāraddho <span class="bld">‘‘sahāvassā’’</span>ti<a name="P0.0188"></a>. Tattha <span class="bld">sahāvā</span>ti saddhiṃyeva. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti ‘‘na te bhavaṃ aṭṭhamamādiyantī’’ti vuttesu aññatarassa. <span class="bld">Dassanasampadāyā</span>ti sotāpattimaggasampattiyā. Sotāpattimaggo hi nibbānaṃ disvā kattabbakiccasampadāya sabbapaṭhamaṃ nibbānadassanato ‘‘dassana’’nti vuccati, tassa attani pātubhāvo dassanasampadā, tāya dassanasampadāya saha eva. <span class="bld">Tayassu dhammā jahitā bhavantī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">assu</span>-iti padapūraṇamatte nipāto ‘‘idaṃ su me, sāriputta, mahāvikaṭabhojanasmiṃ hotī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.156) viya. Yato sahāvassa dassanasampadāya tayo dhammā jahitā bhavanti pahīnā hontīti ayamettha attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni jahitadhammadassanatthamāha <span class="bld">‘‘sakkāyadiṭṭhī vicikicchitañca, sīlabbataṃ vāpi yadatthi kiñcī’’</span>ti. Tattha sati kāye vijjamāne upādānakkhandhapañcakākhye kāye vīsativatthukā diṭṭhi sakkāyadiṭṭhi, satī vā tattha kāye diṭṭhītipi sakkāyadiṭṭhi, yathāvuttappakāre kāye vijjamānā diṭṭhīti attho. Satiyeva vā kāye diṭṭhītipi sakkāyadiṭṭhi, yathāvuttappakāre kāye vijjamāne <a name="M0.0158"></a> rūpādisaṅkhāto attāti evaṃ pavattā diṭṭhīti attho. Tassā ca pahīnattā sabbadiṭṭhigatāni pahīnāneva honti. Sā hi nesaṃ mūlaṃ. Sabbakilesabyādhivūpasamanato paññā‘‘cikicchita’’nti vuccati, taṃ paññācikicchitaṃ ito vigataṃ, tato vā paññācikicchitā idaṃ vigatanti vicikicchitaṃ. ‘‘Satthari kaṅkhatī’’tiādinā (dha. sa. 1008; vibha. 915) nayena vuttāya aṭṭhavatthukāya vimatiyā etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Tassā pahīnattā sabbānipi vicikicchitāni pahīnāni honti. Tañhi nesaṃ mūlaṃ. ‘‘Ito bahiddhā samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ <a name="P0.0189"></a> sīlena suddhi vatena suddhī’’ti evamādīsu (dha. sa. 1222; vibha. 938) āgataṃ gosīlakukkurasīlādikaṃ sīlaṃ govatakukkuravatādikañca vataṃ sīlabbatanti vuccati, tassa pahīnattā sabbampi naggiyamuṇḍikādiamaratapaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti. Tañhi tassa mūlaṃ, teneva sabbāvasāne vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yadatthi kiñcī’’</span>ti. Dukkhadassanasampadāya cettha sakkāyadiṭṭhi <a name="V0.0150"></a> samudayadassanasampadāya vicikicchitaṃ, maggadassananibbānadassanasampadāya sīlabbataṃ pahīyatīti viññātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Catūhapāyehītigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para11"></a><span class="paranum">11</span>. Evamassa kilesavaṭṭappahānaṃ dassetvā idāni tasmiṃ kilesavaṭṭe sati yena vipākavaṭṭena bhavitabbaṃ, tappahānā tassāpi pahānaṃ dīpento āha <span class="bld">‘‘catūhapāyehi ca vippamutto’’</span>ti. Tattha cattāro apāyā nāma nirayatiracchānapettivisayaasurakāyā. Tehi esa satta bhave ādiyantopi vippamuttoti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamassa vipākavaṭṭappahānaṃ dassetvā idāni yamassa vipākavaṭṭassa mūlabhūtaṃ kammavaṭṭaṃ, tassāpi pahānaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘chaccābhiṭhānāni abhabba kātu’’</span>nti. Tattha <span class="bld">abhiṭhānānī</span>ti oḷārikaṭṭhānāni, tāni esa cha abhabbo kātuṃ. Tāni ca ‘‘aṭṭhānametaṃ, bhikkhave, anavakāso, yaṃ diṭṭhisampanno puggalo mātaraṃ jīvitā voropeyyā’’tiādinā (a. ni. 1.271; ma. ni. 3.128; vibha. 809) nayena ekakanipāte vuttāni mātughātapitughātaarahantaghātalohituppādasaṅghabhedaaññasatthāruddesakammānīti veditabbāni. Tāni hi kiñcāpi diṭṭhisampanno ariyasāvako kunthakipillikampi jīvitā na voropeti, apica <a name="M0.0159"></a> kho pana puthujjanabhāvassa vigarahaṇatthaṃ vuttāni. Puthujjano hi adiṭṭhisampannattā evaṃmahāsāvajjāni abhiṭhānānipi karoti, dassanasampanno pana abhabbo tāni kātunti. Abhabbaggahaṇañcettha bhavantarepi akaraṇadassanatthaṃ. Bhavantarepi hi esa attano ariyasāvakabhāvaṃ ajānantopi dhammatāya eva etāni vā cha pakatipāṇātipātādīni <a name="P0.0190"></a> vā pañca verāni aññasatthāruddesena saha cha ṭhānāni na karoti, yāni sandhāya ekacce ‘‘cha chābhiṭhānānī’’tipi paṭhanti. Matamacchaggāhādayo cettha ariyasāvakagāmadārakānaṃ nidassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bhagavā satta bhave ādiyatopi ariyasāvakassa aññehi appahīnabhavādānehi puggalehi visiṭṭhaguṇavasena saṅgharatanassa guṇaṃ vatvā idāni tameva guṇaṃ nissāya saccavacanaṃ payuñjati <span class="bld">‘‘idampi saṅghe’’</span>ti. Tassattho pubbe vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Imissāpi gāthāya āṇā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷesu amanussehi paṭiggahitāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Kiñcāpi sotigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para12"></a><span class="paranum">12</span>. Evaṃ <a name="V0.0151"></a> satta bhave ādiyatopi aññehi appahīnabhavādānehi puggalehi visiṭṭhaguṇena saṅghādhiṭṭhānaṃ saccaṃ vatvā idāni na kevalaṃ dassanasampanno cha abhiṭhānāni abhabbo kātuṃ, kintu appamattakampi pāpakammaṃ katvā tassa paṭicchādanāyapi abhabboti pamādavihārinopi dassanasampannassa katappaṭicchādanābhāvaguṇena vattumāraddho <span class="bld">‘‘kiñcāpi so kamma karoti pāpaka’’</span>nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassattho – so dassanasampanno kiñcāpi satisammosena pamādavihāraṃ āgamma yaṃ taṃ bhagavatā lokavajjaṃ sañciccātikkamanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘yaṃ mayā sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, taṃ mama sāvakā jīvitahetupi nātikkamantī’’ti (cūḷava. 385; udā. 45) taṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ kuṭikārasahaseyyādiṃ paṇṇattivajjavītikkamasaṅkhātaṃ buddhappatikuṭṭhaṃ <span class="bld">kāyena</span> pāpakammaṃ karoti, padasodhammauttarichappañcavācādhammadesanasamphappalāpapharusavacanādiṃ vā <span class="bld">vācāya</span> <a name="P0.0191"></a><span class="bld">, uda cetasā vā</span> katthaci lobhadosuppādanaṃ jātarūpādisādiyanaṃ cīvarādiparibhogesu apaccavekkhaṇādiṃ vā pāpakammaṃ karoti. <span class="bld">Abhabbo so tassa</span> <a name="M0.0160"></a> <span class="bld">paṭicchadāya</span> na so taṃ ‘‘idaṃ akappiyamakaraṇīya’’nti jānitvā muhuttampi paṭicchādeti, taṃkhaṇaṃ eva pana satthari vā viññūsu vā sabrahmacārīsu āvi katvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikaroti, ‘‘na puna karissāmī’’ti evaṃ saṃvaritabbaṃ vā saṃvarati. Kasmā? Yasmā <span class="bld">abhabbatā diṭṭhapadassa vuttā,</span> evarūpampi pāpakammaṃ katvā tassa paṭicchādāya diṭṭhanibbānapadassa dassanasampannassa puggalassa abhabbatā vuttāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ?</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, daharo kumāro mando uttānaseyyako hatthena vā pādena vā aṅgāraṃ akkamitvā khippameva paṭisaṃharati, evameva kho, bhikkhave, dhammatā esā diṭṭhisampannassa puggalassa, kiñcāpi tathārūpiṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati, yathārūpāya āpattiyā vuṭṭhānaṃ paññāyati. Atha kho naṃ khippameva satthari vā viññūsu vā sabrahmacārīsu deseti vivarati uttānīkaroti, desetvā vivaritvā uttānīkatvā āyatiṃ saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.496).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bhagavā pamādavihārinopi dassanasampannassa katappaṭicchādanābhāvaguṇena saṅgharatanassa guṇaṃ vatvā idāni tameva guṇaṃ nissāya saccavacanaṃ payuñjati <span class="bld">‘‘idampi saṅghe’’</span>ti. Tassattho pubbe <a name="V0.0152"></a> vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Imissāpi gāthāya āṇā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷesu amanussehi paṭiggahitāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Vanappagumbetigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para13"></a><span class="paranum">13</span>. Evaṃ saṅghapariyāpannānaṃ puggalānaṃ tena tena guṇappakārena saṅghādhiṭṭhānaṃ saccaṃ vatvā idāni yvāyaṃ bhagavatā ratanattayaguṇaṃ dīpentena idha saṅkhepena aññatra ca vitthārena pariyattidhammo desito, tampi nissāya puna buddhādhiṭṭhānaṃ saccaṃ vattumāraddho <span class="bld">‘‘vanappagumbe yathā phussitagge’’</span>ti. Tattha āsannasannivesavavatthitānaṃ rukkhānaṃ samūho <a name="P0.0192"></a> vanaṃ, mūlasārapheggutacasākhāpalāsehi pavuddho gumbo pagumbo, vanassa, vane vā pagumbo <span class="bld">vanappagumbo</span>. Svāyaṃ ‘‘vanappagumbe’’ti vutto, evampi hi vattuṃ labbhati ‘‘atthi savitakkasavicāre<a name="M0.0161"></a>, atthi avitakkavicāramatte, sukhe dukkhe jīve’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.174; ma. ni. 2.228) viya. <span class="bld">Yathā</span>ti upamāvacanaṃ. Phussitāni aggāni assāti <span class="bld">phussitaggo,</span> sabbasākhāpasākhāsu sañjātapupphoti attho. So pubbe vuttanayeneva ‘‘phussitagge’’ti vutto. <span class="bld">Gimhānamāse paṭhamasmiṃ gimhe</span>ti ye cattāro gimhānaṃ māsā, tesaṃ catunnaṃ gimhamāsānaṃ ekasmiṃ māse. Katarasmiṃ māse iti ce? <span class="bld">Paṭhamasmiṃ gimhe,</span> citramāseti attho. So hi ‘‘paṭhamagimho’’ti ca ‘‘bālavasanto’’ti ca vuccati. Tato paraṃ padatthato pākaṭameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ panettha <span class="bld">piṇḍattho</span> – yathā paṭhamagimhanāmake bālavasante nānāvidharukkhagahane vane supupphitaggasākho taruṇarukkhagacchapariyāyanāmo pagumbo ativiya sassiriko hoti, evameva khandhāyatanādīhi satipaṭṭhānasammappadhānādīhi sīlasamādhikkhandhādīhi vā nānappakārehi atthappabhedapupphehi ativiya sassirikattā tathūpamaṃ nibbānagāmimaggadīpanato nibbānagāmiṃ pariyattidhammavaraṃ neva lābhahetu na sakkārādihetu, kevalantu mahākaruṇāya abbhussāhitahadayo sattānaṃ paramahitāya adesayīti. <span class="bld">Paramaṃ hitāyā</span>ti ettha ca gāthābandhasukhatthaṃ anunāsiko. Ayaṃ panattho – paramahitāya nibbānāya adesayīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bhagavā imaṃ supupphitaggavanappagumbasadisaṃ pariyattidhammaṃ vatvā idāni tameva nissāya buddhādhiṭṭhānaṃ saccavacanaṃ payuñjati <span class="bld">‘‘idampi buddhe’’</span>ti. Tassattho pubbe vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Kevalaṃ pana idampi yathāvuttapakārapariyattidhammasaṅkhātaṃ <a name="P0.0193"></a> buddhe ratanaṃ paṇītanti evaṃ yojetabbaṃ<a name="V0.0153"></a>. Imissāpi gāthāya āṇā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷesu amanussehi paṭiggahitāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Varo varaññūtigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para14"></a><span class="paranum">14</span>. Evaṃ bhagavā pariyattidhammena buddhādhiṭṭhānaṃ saccaṃ vatvā idāni lokuttaradhammena vattumāraddho <span class="bld">‘‘varo varaññū’’</span>ti. Tattha <span class="bld">varo</span>ti paṇītādhimuttikehi icchito ‘‘aho vata mayampi evarūpā assāmā’’ti, varaguṇayogato vā varo uttamo seṭṭhoti attho. <span class="bld">Varaññū</span>ti <a name="M0.0162"></a> nibbānaññū. Nibbānañhi sabbadhammānaṃ uttamaṭṭhena varaṃ, tañcesa bodhimūle sayaṃ paṭivijjhitvā aññāsi. <span class="bld">Varado</span>ti pañcavaggiyabhaddavaggiyajaṭilādīnaṃ aññesañca devamanussānaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyavāsanābhāgiyavaradhammadāyīti attho. <span class="bld">Varāharo</span>ti varassa maggassa āhaṭattā varāharoti vuccati. So hi bhagavā dīpaṅkarato pabhuti samatiṃsa pāramiyo pūrento pubbakehi sammāsambuddhehi anuyātaṃ purāṇamaggavaramāhari, tena ‘‘varāharo’’ti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica sabbaññutaññāṇappaṭilābhena varo, nibbānasacchikiriyāya varaññū, sattānaṃ vimuttisukhadānena varado, uttamapaṭipadāharaṇena varāharo. Etehi lokuttaraguṇehi adhikassa kassaci guṇassa abhāvato anuttaro.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo nayo – varo upasamādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇena, varaññū paññādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇena, varado cāgādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇena, varāharo saccādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇena, varaṃ maggasaccamāharīti. Tathā varo puññussayena, varaññū paññussayena, varado buddhabhāvatthikānaṃ tadupāyasampadānena, varāharo paccekabuddhabhāvatthikānaṃ tadupāyāharaṇena, anuttaro tattha tattha asadisatāya, attanā vā anācariyako hutvā paresaṃ ācariyabhāvena, dhammavaraṃ adesayi sāvakabhāvatthikānaṃ tadatthāya svākkhātatādiguṇayuttassa dhammavarassa desanato. Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bhagavā navavidhena lokuttaradhammena attano guṇaṃ vatvā idāni tameva <a name="P0.0194"></a> guṇaṃ nissāya buddhādhiṭṭhānaṃ saccavacanaṃ payuñjati <span class="bld">‘‘idampi buddhe’’</span>ti. Tassattho pubbe vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Kevalaṃ pana yaṃ varaṃ lokuttaradhammaṃ esa aññāsi, yañca adāsi, yañca āhari, yañca desesi, idampi buddhe ratanaṃ paṇītanti evaṃ yojetabbaṃ. Imissāpi gāthāya āṇā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷesu amanussehi paṭiggahitāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Khīṇantigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para15"></a><span class="paranum">15</span>. Evaṃ <a name="V0.0154"></a> bhagavā pariyattidhammañca navalokuttaradhammañca nissāya dvīhi gāthāhi buddhādhiṭṭhānaṃ saccaṃ vatvā idāni ye taṃ pariyattidhammaṃ assosuṃ, sutānusārena <a name="M0.0163"></a> ca paṭipajjitvā navappakārampi lokuttaradhammaṃ adhigamiṃsu, tesaṃ anupādisesanibbānapattiguṇaṃ nissāya puna saṅghādhiṭṭhānaṃ saccaṃ vattumāraddho <span class="bld">‘‘khīṇaṃ purāṇa’’</span>nti. Tattha <span class="bld">khīṇa</span>nti samucchinnaṃ. <span class="bld">Purāṇa</span>nti purātanaṃ. <span class="bld">Nava</span>nti sampati vattamānaṃ. <span class="bld">Natthi sambhava</span>nti avijjamānapātubhāvaṃ. <span class="bld">Virattacittā</span>ti vītarāgacittā. <span class="bld">Āyatike bhavasmi</span>nti anāgatamaddhānaṃ punabbhave. <span class="bld">Te</span>ti yesaṃ khīṇaṃ purāṇaṃ navaṃ natthi sambhavaṃ, ye ca āyatike bhavasmiṃ virattacittā, te khīṇāsavā bhikkhū. <span class="bld">Khīṇabījā</span>ti ucchinnabījā. <span class="bld">Avirūḷhichandā</span>ti virūḷhichandavirahitā. <span class="bld">Nibbantī</span>ti vijjhāyanti. <span class="bld">Dhīrā</span>ti dhitisampannā. <span class="bld">Yathāyaṃ padīpo</span>ti ayaṃ padīpo viya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yaṃ taṃ sattānaṃ uppajjitvā niruddhampi purāṇaṃ atītakālikaṃ kammaṃ taṇhāsinehassa appahīnattā paṭisandhiāharaṇasamatthatāya akhīṇaṃyeva hoti, taṃ purāṇaṃ kammaṃ yesaṃ arahattamaggena taṇhāsinehassa sositattā agginā daḍḍhabījamiva āyatiṃ vipākadānāsamatthatāya khīṇaṃ. Yañca nesaṃ buddhapūjādivasena idāni pavattamānaṃ kammaṃ navanti vuccati, tañca taṇhāpahāneneva chinnamūlapādapapupphamiva āyatiṃ phaladānāsamatthatāya yesaṃ natthi sambhavaṃ, ye ca taṇhāpahāneneva āyatike bhavasmiṃ virattacittā, te khīṇāsavā bhikkhū ‘‘kammaṃ <a name="P0.0195"></a> khettaṃ viññāṇaṃ bīja’’nti (a. ni. 3.77) ettha vuttassa paṭisandhiviññāṇassa kammakkhayeneva khīṇattā khīṇabījā. Yopi pubbe punabbhavasaṅkhātāya virūḷhiyā chando ahosi. Tassapi samudayappahāneneva pahīnattā pubbe viya cutikāle asambhavena avirūḷhichandā dhitisampannattā dhīrā carimaviññāṇanirodhena yathāyaṃ padīpo nibbuto, evaṃ nibbanti, puna ‘‘rūpino vā arūpino vā’’ti evamādiṃ paññattipathaṃ accentīti. Tasmiṃ kira samaye nagaradevatānaṃ pūjanatthāya jālitesu padīpesu eko padīpo vijjhāyi, taṃ dassento āha ‘‘yathāyaṃ padīpo’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bhagavā ye taṃ purimāhi dvīhi gāthāhi vuttaṃ pariyattidhammaṃ assosuṃ, sutānusārena ca paṭipajjitvā navappakārampi lokuttaradhammaṃ adhigamiṃsu, tesaṃ anupādisesanibbānapattiguṇaṃ vatvā idāni tameva guṇaṃ nissāya saṅghādhiṭṭhānaṃ saccavacanaṃ payuñjanto desanaṃ samāpesi <span class="bld">‘‘idampi saṅghe’’</span>ti. Tassattho <a name="M0.0164"></a> pubbe vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Kevalaṃ pana idampi yathāvuttena pakārena <a name="V0.0155"></a> khīṇāsavabhikkhūnaṃ nibbānasaṅkhātaṃ saṅghe ratanaṃ paṇītanti evaṃ yojetabbaṃ. Imissāpi gāthāya āṇā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷesu amanussehi paṭiggahitāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Desanāpariyosāne rājakulassa sotthi ahosi, sabbūpaddavā vūpasamiṃsu, caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi.</p>
<p class="subhead">Yānīdhātigāthāttayavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para16"></a><span class="paranum">16</span>. Atha sakko devānamindo ‘‘bhagavatā ratanattayaguṇaṃ nissāya saccavacanaṃ payuñjamānena nāgarassa sotthi katā, mayāpi nāgarassa sotthitthaṃ ratanattayaguṇaṃ nissāya kiñci vattabba’’nti cintetvā avasāne gāthāttayaṃ abhāsi <span class="bld">‘‘yānīdha bhūtānī’’</span>ti tattha yasmā buddho yathā lokahitatthāya ussukkaṃ āpannehi āgantabbaṃ<a name="P0.0196"></a>, tathā āgatato yathā ca tehi gantabbaṃ, tathā gatato yathā ca tehi ājānitabbaṃ, tathā ājānanato, yathā ca jānitabbaṃ, tathā jānanato, yañca tatheva hoti, tassa gadanato ca ‘‘tathāgato’’ti vuccati. Yasmā ca so devamanussehi pupphagandhādinā bahi nibbattena upakārakena, dhammānudhammapaṭipattādinā ca attani nibbattena ativiya pūjito, tasmā sakko devānamindo sabbaṃ devaparisaṃ attanā saddhiṃ sampiṇḍetvā āha <span class="bld">‘‘tathāgataṃ devamanussapūjitaṃ, buddhaṃ namassāma suvatthi hotū’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para17"></a><span class="paranum">17</span>. Yasmā pana dhamme maggadhammo yathā yuganaddhasamathavipassanābalena gantabbaṃ kilesapakkhaṃ samucchindantena, tathā gatoti tathāgato. Nibbānadhammopi yathā gato paññāya paṭividdho sabbadukkhappaṭivighātāya sampajjati, buddhādīhi tathā avagato, tasmā ‘‘tathāgato’’tveva vuccati. Yasmā ca saṅghopi yathā attahitāya paṭipannehi gantabbaṃ tena tena maggena, tathā gatoti ‘‘tathāgato’’tveva vuccati. Tasmā avasesagāthādvayepi <span class="bld">tathāgataṃ dhammaṃ namassāma suvatthi hotu, tathāgataṃ saṅghaṃ namassāma suvatthi hotū</span>ti vuttaṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M0.0165"></a> sakko devānamindo imaṃ gāthāttayaṃ bhāsitvā bhagavantaṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā devapurameva gato saddhiṃ devaparisāya. Bhagavā pana tadeva ratanasuttaṃ dutiyadivasepi desesi, puna caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi, evaṃ yāva sattamadivasaṃ desesi, divase divase tatheva dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Bhagavā aḍḍhamāsameva vesāliyaṃ viharitvā rājūnaṃ ‘‘gacchāmā’’ti paṭivedesi. Tato rājāno diguṇena sakkārena <a name="P0.0197"></a> puna tīhi divasehi bhagavantaṃ <a name="V0.0156"></a> gaṅgātīraṃ nayiṃsu. Gaṅgāya nibbattā nāgarājāno cintesuṃ ‘‘manussā tathāgatassa sakkāraṃ karonti, mayaṃ kiṃ na karissāmā’’ti suvaṇṇarajatamaṇimayā nāvāyo māpetvā suvaṇṇarajatamaṇimaye eva pallaṅke paññapetvā pañcavaṇṇapadumasañchannaṃ udakaṃ karitvā ‘‘amhākaṃ anuggahaṃ karothā’’ti bhagavantaṃ yāciṃsu. Bhagavā adhivāsetvā ratananāvamārūḷho, pañca ca bhikkhusatāni pañcasataṃ nāvāyo abhirūḷhā. Nāgarājāno bhagavantaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena nāgabhavanaṃ pavesesuṃ. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā sabbarattiṃ nāgaparisāya dhammaṃ desesi. Dutiyadivase dibbehi khādanīyabhojanīyehi mahādānaṃ akaṃsu, bhagavā anumoditvā nāgabhavanā nikkhami.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhūmaṭṭhā devā ‘‘manussā ca nāgā ca tathāgatassa sakkāraṃ karonti, mayaṃ kiṃ na karissāmā’’ti cintetvā vanappagumbarukkhapabbatādīsu chattātichattāni ukkhipiṃsu. Eteneva upāyena yāva akaniṭṭhabrahmabhavanaṃ, tāva mahāsakkāraviseso nibbatti. Bimbisāropi licchavīhi āgatakāle katasakkārato diguṇamakāsi. Pubbe vuttanayeneva pañcahi divasehi bhagavantaṃ rājagahaṃ ānesi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Rājagahamanuppatte bhagavati pacchābhattaṃ maṇḍalamāḷe sannipatitānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ayamantarakathā udapādi ‘‘aho buddhassa bhagavato ānubhāvo, yaṃ uddissa gaṅgāya orato ca pārato ca aṭṭhayojano bhūmibhāgo ninnañca thalañca samaṃ katvā vālukāya okiritvā pupphehi sañchanno, yojanappamāṇaṃ gaṅgāya udakaṃ nānāvaṇṇehi padumehi sañchannaṃ, yāva akaniṭṭhabhavanaṃ, tāva chattātichattāni ussitānī’’ti. Bhagavā taṃ pavattiṃ ñatvā gandhakuṭito nikkhamitvā taṅkhaṇānurūpena pāṭihāriyena gantvā maṇḍalamāḷe paññattavarabuddhāsane <a name="P0.0198"></a> nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā’’ti. Bhikkhū sabbaṃ <a name="M0.0166"></a> ārocesuṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘na, bhikkhave, ayaṃ pūjāviseso mayhaṃ buddhānubhāvena nibbatto, na nāgadevabrahmānubhāvena, apica kho pubbe appamattakapariccāgānubhāvena nibbatto’’ti. Bhikkhū āhaṃsu ‘‘na mayaṃ, bhante, taṃ appamattakaṃ pariccāgaṃ jānāma, sādhu no bhagavā tathā kathetu, yathā mayaṃ taṃ jāneyyāmā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhagavā āha – bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, takkasilāyaṃ saṅkho nāma brāhmaṇo ahosi. Tassa putto susīmo nāma māṇavo soḷasavassuddesiko vayena. So ekadivasaṃ pitaraṃ upasaṅkamitvā abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Atha taṃ pitā āha ‘‘kiṃ, tāta, susīmā’’ti? So āha ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, tāta, bārāṇasiṃ gantvā sippaṃ uggahetu’’nti. ‘‘Tena hi<a name="V0.0157"></a>, tāta, susīma, asuko nāma brāhmaṇo mama sahāyako, tassa santikaṃ gantvā uggaṇhāhī’’ti kahāpaṇasahassaṃ adāsi. So taṃ gahetvā mātāpitaro abhivādetvā anupubbena bārāṇasiṃ gantvā upacārayuttena vidhinā ācariyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā abhivādetvā attānaṃ nivedesi. Ācariyo ‘‘mama sahāyakassa putto’’ti māṇavaṃ sampaṭicchitvā sabbaṃ pāhuneyyavattamakāsi. So addhānakilamathaṃ vinodetvā taṃ kahāpaṇasahassaṃ ācariyassa pādamūle ṭhapetvā sippaṃ uggahetuṃ okāsaṃ yāci. Ācariyo okāsaṃ katvā uggaṇhāpesi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So lahuñca gaṇhanto, bahuñca gaṇhanto, gahitagahitañca suvaṇṇabhājane pakkhittatelamiva avinassamānaṃ dhārento, dvādasavassikaṃ sippaṃ katipayamāseneva pariyosāpesi. So sajjhāyaṃ karonto ādimajjhaṃyeva passati, no pariyosānaṃ. Atha ācariyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā āha ‘‘imassa sippassa <a name="P0.0199"></a> ādimajjhameva passāmi, no pariyosāna’’nti. Ācariyo āha ‘‘ahampi, tāta, evamevā’’ti. Atha ko, ācariya, imassa sippassa pariyosānaṃ jānātīti? Isipatane, tāta, isayo atthi, te jāneyyunti. Te upasaṅkamitvā pucchāmi, ācariyāti? Puccha, tāta, yathāsukhanti. So isipatanaṃ gantvā paccekabuddhe upasaṅkamitvā pucchi ‘‘api, bhante, pariyosānaṃ jānāthā’’ti? Āma, āvuso, jānāmāti. Taṃ mampi sikkhāpethāti. Tena hāvuso, pabbajāhi, na sakkā apabbajitena sikkhāpetunti. Sādhu, bhante, pabbājetha vā maṃ, yaṃ vā icchatha, taṃ katvā pariyosānaṃ <a name="M0.0167"></a> jānāpethāti. Te taṃ pabbājetvā kammaṭṭhāne niyojetuṃ asamatthā ‘‘evaṃ te nivāsetabbaṃ, evaṃ pārupitabba’’ntiādinā nayena ābhisamācārikaṃ sikkhāpesuṃ. So tattha sikkhanto upanissayasampannattā na cireneva paccekabodhiṃ abhisambujjhi. Sakalabārāṇasiyaṃ ‘‘susīmapaccekabuddho’’ti pākaṭo ahosi lābhaggayasaggappatto sampannaparivāro. So appāyukasaṃvattanikassa kammassa katattā na cireneva parinibbāyi. Tassa paccekabuddhā ca mahājanakāyo ca sarīrakiccaṃ katvā dhātuyo gahetvā nagaradvāre thūpaṃ patiṭṭhāpesuṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha kho saṅkho brāhmaṇo ‘‘putto me ciragato, na cassa pavattiṃ jānāmī’’ti puttaṃ daṭṭhukāmo takkasilāya nikkhamitvā anupubbena bārāṇasiṃ gantvā mahājanakāyaṃ sannipatitaṃ disvā ‘‘addhā bahūsu ekopi me puttassa pavattiṃ jānissatī’’ti cintento upasaṅkamitvā pucchi ‘‘susīmo nāma māṇavo idha āgato atthi, api nu tassa pavattiṃ jānāthā’’ti? Te ‘‘āma, brāhmaṇa, jānāma, imasmiṃ nagare brāhmaṇassa santike tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū hutvā paccekabuddhānaṃ santike pabbajitvā paccekabuddho hutvā anupādisesāya <a name="P0.0200"></a> nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi, ayamassa thūpo patiṭṭhāpito’’ti āhaṃsu. So bhūmiṃ hatthena paharitvā roditvā ca paridevitvā ca <a name="V0.0158"></a> taṃ cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ gantvā tiṇāni uddharitvā uttarasāṭakena vālukaṃ ānetvā paccekabuddhacetiyaṅgaṇe okiritvā kamaṇḍaluto udakena samantato bhūmiṃ paripphositvā vanapupphehi pūjaṃ katvā uttarasāṭakena paṭākaṃ āropetvā thūpassa upari attano chattaṃ bandhitvā pakkāmīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ atītaṃ desetvā jātakaṃ paccuppannena anusandhento bhikkhūnaṃ dhammakathaṃ kathesi. ‘‘Siyā kho pana vo, bhikkhave, evamassa ‘añño nūna tena samayena saṅkho brāhmaṇo ahosī’ti, na kho panetaṃ evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, ahaṃ tena samayena saṅkho brāhmaṇo ahosiṃ, mayā susīmassa paccekabuddhassa cetiyaṅgaṇe tiṇāni uddhaṭāni, tassa me kammassa nissandena aṭṭhayojanamaggaṃ vigatakhāṇukaṇṭakaṃ katvā samaṃ suddhamakaṃsu. Mayā tattha vālukā okiṇṇā, tassa me nissandena aṭṭhayojanamagge vālukaṃ okiriṃsu. Mayā tattha vanakusumehi pūjā katā, tassa me nissandena navayojane magge thale ca udake ca nānāpupphehi <a name="M0.0168"></a> pupphasantharamakaṃsu. Mayā tattha kamaṇḍaludakena bhūmi paripphositā, tassa me nissandena vesāliyaṃ pokkharavassaṃ vassi. Mayā tasmiṃ cetiye paṭākā āropitā, chattañca baddhaṃ, tassa me nissandena yāva akaniṭṭhabhavanā paṭākā ca āropitā, chattātichattāni ca ussitāni. Iti kho, bhikkhave, ayaṃ mayhaṃ pūjāviseso neva buddhānubhāvena nibbatto<a name="P0.0201"></a>, na nāgadevabrahmānubhāvena, apica kho appamattakapariccāgānubhāvena nibbatto’’ti. Dhammakathāpariyosāne imaṃ gāthamabhāsi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Mattāsukhapariccāgā, passe ce vipulaṃ sukhaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Caje mattāsukhaṃ dhīro, sampassaṃ vipulaṃ sukha’’nti. (dha. pa. 290);</p>
<p class="centered">Paramatthajotikāya khuddakapāṭha-aṭṭhakathāya</p>
<p class="centered">Ratanasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="chapter">7. Tirokuṭṭasuttavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="subhead">Nikkhepappayojanaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="V0.0159"></a> <span class="bld">‘‘tirokuṭṭesu tiṭṭhantī’’</span>tiādinā ratanasuttānantaraṃ nikkhittassa tirokuṭṭasuttassa atthavaṇṇanākkamo anuppatto, tassa idha nikkhepappayojanaṃ vatvā atthavaṇṇanaṃ karissāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha idañhi tirokuṭṭaṃ iminā anukkamena bhagavatā avuttampi yāyaṃ ito pubbe nānappakārena kusalakammapaṭipatti dassitā, tattha pamādaṃ āpajjamāno nirayatiracchānayonīhi visiṭṭhatarepi ṭhāne uppajjamāno yasmā evarūpesu petesu uppajjati, tasmā na ettha pamādo karaṇīyoti dassanatthaṃ, yehi ca bhūtehi upaddutāya vesāliyā upaddavavūpasamanatthaṃ ratanasuttaṃ vuttaṃ, tesu ekaccāni evarūpānīti dassanatthaṃ vā vuttanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idamassa idha nikkhepappayojanaṃ veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Anumodanākathā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā <a name="M0.0169"></a> panassa atthavaṇṇanā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yena yattha yadā yasmā, tirokuṭṭaṃ pakāsitaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Pakāsetvāna taṃ sabbaṃ, kayiramānā yathākkamaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sukatā hoti tasmāhaṃ, karissāmi tatheva taṃ’’.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kena panetaṃ pakāsitaṃ, kattha kadā kasmā cāti? Vuccate – bhagavatā pakāsitaṃ, taṃ kho pana rājagahe dutiyadivase <a name="P0.0202"></a> rañño māgadhassa anumodanatthaṃ. Imassa catthassa vibhāvanatthaṃ ayamettha vitthārakathā kathetabbā –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ito <a name="V0.0160"></a> dvānavutikappe kāsi nāma nagaraṃ ahosi. Tattha jayaseno nāma rājā. Tassa sirimā nāma devī, tassā kucchiyaṃ phusso nāma bodhisatto nibbattitvā anupubbena sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhi. Jayaseno rājā ‘‘mama putto abhinikkhamitvā buddho jāto, mayhameva buddho, mayhaṃ dhammo, mayhaṃ saṅgho’’ti mamattaṃ uppādetvā sabbakālaṃ sayameva upaṭṭhahati, na aññesaṃ okāsaṃ deti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhagavato kaniṭṭhabhātaro vemātikā tayo bhātaro cintesuṃ – ‘‘buddhā nāma sabbalokahitāya uppajjanti, na cekassevatthāya, amhākañca pitā aññesaṃ okāsaṃ na deti, kathaṃ nu mayaṃ labheyyāma bhagavantaṃ upaṭṭhātu’’nti. Tesaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘handa mayaṃ kiñci upāyaṃ karomā’’ti. Te paccantaṃ kupitaṃ viya kārāpesuṃ. Tato rājā ‘‘paccanto kupito’’ti sutvā tayopi putte paccantavūpasamanatthaṃ pesesi. Te vūpasametvā āgatā, rājā tuṭṭho varaṃ adāsi ‘‘yaṃ icchatha, taṃ gaṇhathā’’ti. Te ‘‘mayaṃ bhagavantaṃ upaṭṭhātuṃ icchāmā’’ti āhaṃsu. Rājā ‘‘etaṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti āha. Te ‘‘mayaṃ aññena anatthikā’’ti āhaṃsu. Tena hi paricchedaṃ katvā gaṇhathāti. Te satta vassāni yāciṃsu, rājā na adāsi. Evaṃ cha, pañca, cattāri, tīṇi, dve, ekaṃ, satta māsāni, cha, pañca, cattārīti yāva temāsaṃ yāciṃsu. Rājā ‘‘gaṇhathā’’ti adāsi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Te varaṃ labhitvā paramatuṭṭhā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā āhaṃsu – ‘‘icchāma mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ temāsaṃ upaṭṭhātuṃ, adhivāsetu no, bhante<a name="M0.0170"></a>, bhagavā imaṃ temāsaṃ vassāvāsa’’nti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Tato te attano janapade niyuttakapurisassa <a name="P0.0203"></a> lekhaṃ pesesuṃ ‘‘imaṃ temāsaṃ amhehi bhagavā upaṭṭhātabbo, vihāraṃ ādiṃ katvā sabbaṃ bhagavato upaṭṭhānasambhāraṃ karohī’’ti. So taṃ sabbaṃ sampādetvā paṭinivedesi. Te kāsāyavatthanivatthā hutvā aḍḍhateyyehi purisasahassehi veyyāvaccakarehi bhagavantaṃ sakkaccaṃ upaṭṭhahamānā janapadaṃ netvā vihāraṃ niyyātetvā vasāpesuṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tesaṃ bhaṇḍāgāriko eko gahapatiputto sapajāpatiko saddho ahosi pasanno. So buddhappamukhassa saṅghassa dānavattaṃ sakkaccaṃ adāsi. Janapade niyuttakapuriso taṃ gahetvā jānapadehi ekādasamattehi purisasahassehi saddhiṃ sakkaccameva dānaṃ pavattāpesi. Tattha keci jānapadā paṭihatacittā ahesuṃ. Te dānassa antarāyaṃ katvā deyyadhamme attanā khādiṃsu, bhattasālañca agginā dahiṃsu. Pavārite rājaputtā bhagavato mahantaṃ sakkāraṃ katvā bhagavantaṃ purakkhatvā <a name="V0.0161"></a> pituno sakāsameva agamaṃsu. Tattha gantvā eva bhagavā parinibbāyi. Rājā ca rājaputtā ca janapade niyuttakapuriso ca bhaṇḍāgāriko ca anupubbena kālaṃ katvā saddhiṃ parisāya sagge uppajjiṃsu, paṭihatacittajanā nirayesu nibbattiṃsu. Evaṃ tesaṃ dvinnaṃ gaṇānaṃ saggato saggaṃ, nirayato nirayaṃ upapajjantānaṃ dvānavutikappā vītivattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha imasmiṃ bhaddakappe kassapabuddhassa kāle te paṭihatacittajanā petesu uppannā. Tadā manussā attano ñātakānaṃ petānaṃ atthāya dānaṃ datvā uddisanti ‘‘idaṃ amhākaṃ ñātīnaṃ hotū’’ti. Te sampattiṃ labhanti. Atha imepi petā taṃ disvā bhagavantaṃ kassapaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pucchiṃsu – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, bhante, mayampi evarūpaṃ sampattiṃ labheyyāmā’’ti? Bhagavā āha – ‘‘idāni na labhatha<a name="P0.0204"></a>, apica anāgate gotamo nāma buddho bhavissati, tassa bhagavato kāle bimbisāro nāma rājā bhavissati, so tumhākaṃ ito dvānavutikappe ñāti ahosi, so buddhassa dānaṃ datvā tumhākaṃ uddisissati, tadā labhissathā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte kira tesaṃ petānaṃ taṃ vacanaṃ ‘‘sve labhissathā’’ti vuttaṃ viya ahosi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha ekasmiṃ buddhantare vītivatte amhākaṃ bhagavā loke uppajji. Tepi tayo rājaputtā tehi aḍḍhateyyehi purisasahassehi saddhiṃ <a name="M0.0171"></a> devalokā cavitvā magadharaṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule uppajjitvā anupubbena isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā gayāsīse tayo jaṭilā ahesuṃ, janapade niyuttakapuriso, rājā ahosi bimbisāro, bhaṇḍāgāriko, gahapati visākho nāma mahāseṭṭhi ahosi, tassa pajāpati dhammadinnā nāma seṭṭhidhītā ahosi. Evaṃ sabbāpi avasesā parisā rañño eva parivārā hutvā nibbattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Amhākaṃ bhagavā loke uppajjitvā sattasattāhaṃ atikkamitvā anupubbena bārāṇasiṃ āgamma dhammacakkaṃ pavattetvā pañcavaggiye ādiṃ katvā yāva aḍḍhateyyasahassaparivāre tayo jaṭile vinetvā rājagahaṃ agamāsi. Tattha ca tadahupasaṅkamantaṃyeva rājānaṃ bimbisāraṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāpesi ekādasanavutehi māgadhakehi brāhmaṇagahapatikehi saddhiṃ. Atha raññā svātanāya bhattena nimantito bhagavā adhivāsetvā dutiyadivase sakkena devānamindena purato purato gacchantena –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Danto dantehi saha purāṇajaṭilehi, vippamutto vippamuttehi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Siṅgīnikkhasavaṇṇo, rājagahaṃ pāvisi bhagavā’’ti. (mahāva. 58) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādīhi <a name="V0.0162"></a> gāthāhi abhitthaviyamāno rājagahaṃ pavisitvā rañño nivesane mahādānaṃ sampaṭicchi. Te petā ‘‘idāni rājā <a name="P0.0205"></a> amhākaṃ dānaṃ uddisissati, idāni uddisissatī’’ti āsāya parivāretvā aṭṭhaṃsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Rājā dānaṃ datvā ‘‘kattha nu kho bhagavā vihareyyā’’ti bhagavato vihāraṭṭhānameva cintesi, na taṃ dānaṃ kassaci uddisi. Petā chinnāsā hutvā rattiṃ rañño nivesane ativiya bhiṃsanakaṃ vissaramakaṃsu. Rājā bhayasaṃvegasantāsamāpajji, tato pabhātāya rattiyā bhagavato ārocesi – ‘‘evarūpaṃ saddamassosiṃ, kiṃ nu kho me, bhante, bhavissatī’’ti. Bhagavā āha – ‘‘mā bhāyi, mahārāja, na te kiñci pāpakaṃ bhavissati, apica kho te purāṇañātakā petesu uppannā santi, te ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ tameva paccāsīsamānā vicaranti ‘buddhassa dānaṃ datvā amhākaṃ uddisissatī’ti<a name="M0.0172"></a>, na tesaṃ tvaṃ hiyyo uddisi, te chinnāsā tathārūpaṃ vissaramakaṃsū’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So āha ‘‘idāni pana, bhante, dinne labheyyu’’nti? ‘‘Āma, mahārājā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi me, bhante, adhivāsetu bhagavā ajjatanāya dānaṃ, tesaṃ uddisissāmī’’ti? Bhagavā adhivāsesi. Rājā nivesanaṃ gantvā mahādānaṃ paṭiyādetvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocāpesi. Bhagavā rājantepuraṃ gantvā paññatte āsane nisīdi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena. Tepi kho petā ‘‘api nāma ajja labheyyāmā’’ti gantvā tirokuṭṭādīsu aṭṭhaṃsu. Bhagavā tathā akāsi, yathā te sabbeva rañño pākaṭā ahesuṃ. Rājā dakkhiṇodakaṃ dento ‘‘idaṃ me ñātīnaṃ hotū’’ti uddisi, taṅkhaṇaññeva tesaṃ petānaṃ padumasañchannā pokkharaṇiyo nibbattiṃsu. Te tattha nhatvā ca pivitvā ca paṭippassaddhadarathakilamathapipāsā suvaṇṇavaṇṇā ahesuṃ. Rājā yāgukhajjakabhojanāni datvā uddisi, taṅkhaṇaññeva tesaṃ dibbayāgukhajjakabhojanāni nibbattiṃsu. Te tāni paribhuñjitvā pīṇindriyā ahesuṃ. Atha vatthasenāsanāni datvā uddisi. Tesaṃ <a name="P0.0206"></a> dibbavatthadibbayānadibbapāsādadibbapaccattharaṇadibbaseyyādialaṅkāravidhayo nibbattiṃsu. Sāpi tesaṃ sampatti yathā sabbāva pākaṭā hoti, tathā bhagavā adhiṭṭhāsi. Rājā ativiya attamano ahosi. Tato bhagavā bhuttāvī pavārito rañño māgadhassa anumodanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tirokuṭṭesu tiṭṭhantī’’</span>ti imā gāthā abhāsi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā ca <span class="bld">‘‘yena yattha yadā yasmā, tirokuṭṭaṃ pakāsitaṃ, pakāsetvāna taṃ sabba’’</span>nti ayaṃ mātikā saṅkhepato vitthārato ca vibhattā hoti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Paṭhamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1"></a><span class="paranum">1</span>. Idāni <a name="V0.0163"></a> imassa tirokuṭṭassa yathākkamaṃ <span class="bld">atthavaṇṇanaṃ</span> karissāma. Seyyathidaṃ – paṭhamagāthāya tāva <span class="bld">tirokuṭṭā</span>ti kuṭṭānaṃ parabhāgā vuccanti. <span class="bld">Tiṭṭhantī</span>ti nisajjādippaṭikkhepato ṭhānakappanavacanametaṃ. Tena yathā pākāraparabhāgaṃ pabbataparabhāgañca gacchantaṃ ‘‘tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchatī’’ti vadanti, evamidhāpi kuṭṭassa parabhāgesu tiṭṭhante ‘‘tirokuṭṭesu <a name="M0.0173"></a> tiṭṭhantī’’ti āha. <span class="bld">Sandhisiṅghāṭakesu cā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">sandhiyo</span>ti catukkoṇaracchā vuccanti gharasandhibhittisandhiālokasandhiyo cāpi. <span class="bld">Siṅghāṭakā</span>ti tikoṇaracchā vuccanti, tadekajjhaṃ katvā purimena saddhiṃ saṅghaṭento ‘‘sandhisiṅghāṭakesu cā’’ti āha. <span class="bld">Dvārabāhāsu tiṭṭhantī</span>ti nagaradvāragharadvārānaṃ bāhā nissāya tiṭṭhanti. <span class="bld">Āgantvāna sakaṃ ghara</span>nti ettha sakaṃ gharaṃ nāma pubbañātigharampi attanā sāmikabhāvena ajjhāvutthapubbagharampi. Tadubhayampi yasmā te sakagharasaññāya āgacchanti, tasmā ‘‘āgantvāna sakaṃ ghara’’nti āha.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dutiyagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para2"></a><span class="paranum">2</span>. Evaṃ bhagavā pubbe anajjhāvutthapubbampi pubbañātigharaṃ bimbisāranivesanaṃ sakagharasaññāya āgantvā tirokuṭṭasandhisiṅghāṭakadvārabāhāsu ṭhite issāmacchariyaphalaṃ anubhavante, appekacce dīghamassukesavikāradhare <a name="P0.0207"></a> andhakāramukhe sithilabandhanavilambamānakisapharusakāḷakaṅgapaccaṅge tattha tattha ṭhitavanadāhadaḍḍhatālarukkhasadise, appekacce jighacchāpipāsāraṇinimmathanena udarato uṭṭhāya mukhato viniccharantāya aggijālāya pariḍayhamānasarīre, appekacce sūcichiddāṇumattakaṇṭhabilatāya pabbatākārakucchitāya ca laddhampi pānabhojanaṃ yāvadatthaṃ bhuñjituṃ asamatthatāya khuppipāsāparete aññaṃ rasamavindamāne, appekacce aññamaññassa aññesaṃ vā sattānaṃ pabhinnagaṇḍapiḷakamukhā paggharitarudhirapubbalasikādiṃ laddhā amatamiva sāyamāne ativiya duddasikavirūpabhayānakasarīre bahū pete rañño nidassento –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tirokuṭṭesu tiṭṭhanti, sandhisiṅghāṭakesu ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dvārabāhāsu tiṭṭhanti, āgantvāna sakaṃ ghara’’nti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Vatvā puna tehi katassa kammassa dāruṇabhāvaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘pahūte annapānamhī’’</span>ti dutiyagāthamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="V0.0164"></a> <span class="bld">pahūte</span>ti anappake bahumhi, yāvadatthiketi vuttaṃ hoti. Bha-kārassa hi ha-kāro labbhati ‘‘pahu santo na bharatī’’tiādīsu (su. ni. 98) viya. Keci pana ‘‘bahūte’’ iti ca ‘‘bahūke’’ iti ca paṭhanti. Pamādapāṭhā ete<a name="M0.0174"></a>. Anne ca pānamhi ca <span class="bld">annapānamhi</span>. Khajje ca bhojje ca <span class="bld">khajjabhojje,</span> etena asitapītakhāyitasāyitavasena catubbidhaṃ āhāraṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Upaṭṭhite</span>ti upagamma ṭhite, sajjite paṭiyatte samohiteti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Na tesaṃ koci sarati, sattāna</span>nti tesaṃ pettivisaye uppannānaṃ sattānaṃ koci mātā vā pitā vā putto vā na sarati. Kiṃ kāraṇā? <span class="bld">Kammapaccayā,</span> attanā katassa adānadānappaṭisedhanādibhedassa kadariyakammassa <a name="P0.0208"></a> paccayā. Tañhi tesaṃ kammaṃ ñātīnaṃ sarituṃ na deti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Tatiyagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para3"></a><span class="paranum">3</span>. Evaṃ bhagavā anappakepi annapānādimhi paccupaṭṭhite ‘‘api nāma amhe uddissa kiñci dadeyyu’’nti ñātī paccāsīsantānaṃ vicarataṃ tesaṃ petānaṃ tehi katassa atikaṭukavipākakarassa kammassa paccayena kassaci ñātino anussaraṇamattābhāvaṃ dassento –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pahūte annapānamhi, khajjabhojje upaṭṭhite;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na tesaṃ koci sarati, sattānaṃ kammapaccayā’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Vatvā puna rañño pettivisayūpapanne ñātake uddissa dinnaṃ dānaṃ pasaṃsanto <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ dadanti ñātīna’’</span>nti tatiyagāthamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">eva</span>nti upamāvacanaṃ. Tassa dvidhā sambandho – tesaṃ sattānaṃ kammapaccayā asarantepi kismiñci dadanti, ñātīnaṃ, ye evaṃ anukampakā hontīti ca yathā tayā, mahārāja, dinnaṃ, evaṃ suciṃ paṇītaṃ kālena kappiyaṃ pānabhojanaṃ dadanti ñātīnaṃ, ye honti anukampakāti ca. <span class="bld">Dadantī</span>ti denti uddisanti niyyātenti. <span class="bld">Ñātīna</span>nti mātito ca pitito ca sambandhānaṃ. <span class="bld">Ye</span>ti ye keci puttā vā dhītaro vā bhātaro vā <span class="bld">hontī</span>ti bhavanti. <span class="bld">Anukampakā</span>ti atthakāmā hitesino. <span class="bld">Suci</span>nti vimalaṃ dassaneyyaṃ manoramaṃ dhammikaṃ dhammaladdhaṃ. <span class="bld">Paṇīta</span>nti uttamaṃ seṭṭhaṃ. <span class="bld">Kālenā</span>ti ñātipetānaṃ tirokuṭṭādīsu āgantvā ṭhitakālena. <span class="bld">Kappiya</span>nti anucchavikaṃ patirūpaṃ ariyānaṃ paribhogārahaṃ. <span class="bld">Pānabhojana</span>nti pānañca bhojanañca. Idha pānabhojanamukhena sabbopi deyyadhammo adhippeto.</p>
<p class="subhead">Catutthagāthāpubbaddhavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para4"></a><span class="paranum">4</span>. Evaṃ <a name="V0.0165"></a><a name="M0.0175"></a> bhagavā raññā māgadhena petabhūtānaṃ ñātīnaṃ anukampāya dinnaṃ pānabhojanaṃ pasaṃsanto –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Evaṃ dadanti ñātīnaṃ, ye honti anukampakā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Suciṃ paṇītaṃ kālena, kappiyaṃ pānabhojana’’nti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Vatvā puna yena pakārena dinnaṃ tesaṃ hoti, taṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘idaṃ vo ñātīnaṃ hotū’’</span>ti catutthagāthāya pubbaddhamāha taṃ tatiyagāthāya pubbaddhena sambandhitabbaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Evaṃ dadanti ñātīnaṃ, ye honti anukampakā<a name="P0.0209"></a>;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Idaṃ vo ñātīnaṃ hotu, sukhitā hontu ñātayo’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tena ‘‘idaṃ vo ñātīnaṃ hotūti evaṃ dadanti, no aññathā’’ti ettha ākāratthena evaṃsaddena dātabbākāranidassanaṃ kataṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">ida</span>nti deyyadhammanidassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Vo</span>ti ‘‘kacci pana vo anuruddhā samaggā sammodamānā’’ti ca (ma. ni. 1.326; mahāva. 466), ‘‘yehi vo ariyā’’ti ca evamādīsu viya kevalaṃ nipātamattaṃ, na sāmivacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Ñātīnaṃ hotū</span>ti pettivisaye uppannānaṃ ñātakānaṃ hotu. <span class="bld">Sukhitā hontu ñātayo</span>ti te pettivisayūpapannā ñātayo idaṃ paccanubhavantā sukhitā hontūti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Catutthagāthāparaddhapañcamagāthāpubbaddhavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para4-5"></a><span class="paranum">4-5</span>. Evaṃ bhagavā yena pakārena pettivisayūpapannānaṃ ñātīnaṃ dātabbaṃ, taṃ dassento ‘‘idaṃ vo ñātīnaṃ hotu, sukhitā hontu ñātayo’’ti vatvā puna yasmā ‘‘idaṃ vo ñātīnaṃ hotū’’ti vuttepi na aññena kataṃ kammaṃ aññassa phaladaṃ hoti, kevalantu tathā uddissa diyyamānaṃ taṃ vatthu ñātīnaṃ kusalakammassa paccayo hoti. Tasmā yathā tesaṃ tasmiṃyeva vatthusmiṃ taṅkhaṇe phalanibbattakaṃ kusalakammaṃ hoti, taṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘te ca tatthā’’</span>ti catutthagāthāya pacchimaddhaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘pahūte annapānamhī’’</span>ti pañcamagāthāya pubbaddhañca āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tesaṃ <a name="V0.0166"></a><a name="M0.0176"></a> attho – te ñātipetā yattha taṃ dānaṃ dīyati, tattha samantato āgantvā samāgantvā, samodhāya vā ekajjhaṃ hutvāti vuttaṃ hoti, sammā āgatā samāgatā ‘‘ime no ñātayo amhākaṃ atthāya dānaṃ uddisissantī’’ti etadatthaṃ sammā āgatā hutvāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Pahūte annapānamhī</span>ti tasmiṃ attano uddissamāne pahūte annapānamhi. Sakkaccaṃ <span class="bld">anumodare</span>ti abhisaddahantā kammaphalaṃ avijahantā cittīkāraṃ avikkhittacittā hutvā ‘‘idaṃ no dānaṃ hitāya sukhāya hotū’’ti modanti anumodanti, pītisomanassajātā hontīti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pañcamagāthāparaddhachaṭṭhagāthāpubbaddhavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para5-6"></a><span class="paranum">5-6</span>. Evaṃ <a name="P0.0210"></a> bhagavā yathā pettivisayūpapannānaṃ taṅkhaṇe phalanibbattakaṃ kusalaṃ kammaṃ hoti, taṃ dassento –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Te ca tattha samāgantvā, ñātipetā samāgatā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pahūte annapānamhi, sakkaccaṃ anumodare’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Vatvā puna ñātake nissāya nibbattakusalakammaphalaṃ paccanubhontānaṃ tesaṃ ñātī ārabbha thomanākāraṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘ciraṃ jīvantū’’</span>ti pañcamagāthāya pacchimaddhaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘amhākañca katā pūjā’’</span>ti chaṭṭhagāthāya pubbaddhañca āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tesaṃ attho – <span class="bld">ciraṃ jīvantū</span>ti cirajīvino dīghāyukā hontu. <span class="bld">No ñātī</span>ti amhākaṃ ñātakā. <span class="bld">Yesaṃ hetū</span>ti ye nissāya yesaṃ kāraṇā. <span class="bld">Labhāmase</span>ti labhāma. Attanā taṅkhaṇaṃ paṭiladdhasampattiṃ apadisantā bhaṇanti. Petānañhi attano anumodanena, dāyakānaṃ uddesena, dakkhiṇeyyasampadāya cāti tīhi aṅgehi dakkhiṇā samijjhati, taṅkhaṇe phalanibbattikā hoti. Tattha dāyakā visesahetu. Tenāhaṃsu ‘‘yesaṃ hetu labhāmase’’ti. <span class="bld">Amhākañca katā pūjā</span>ti ‘‘idaṃ vo ñātīnaṃ hotū’’ti evaṃ imaṃ dānaṃ uddisantehi amhākañca pūjā katā. <span class="bld">Dāyakā ca anipphalā</span>ti yamhi santāne pariccāgamayaṃ kammaṃ kataṃ, tassa tattheva phaladānato dāyakā ca anipphalāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāha <a name="M0.0177"></a> – ‘‘kiṃ pana pettivisayūpapannā eva ñātayo labhanti, udāhu aññepi labhantī’’ti<a name="V0.0167"></a>? Vuccate – bhagavatā evetaṃ byākataṃ jāṇussoṇinā brāhmaṇena puṭṭhena, kimettha amhehi vattabbaṃ atthi. Vuttaṃ hetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Mayamassu, bho gotama, brāhmaṇā nāma dānāni dema, saddhāni karoma ‘idaṃ dānaṃ petānaṃ ñātisālohitānaṃ upakappatu, idaṃ dānaṃ petā ñātisālohitā paribhuñjantū’ti, kacci taṃ, bho gotama, dānaṃ petānaṃ ñātisālohitānaṃ upakappati, kacci te petā ñātisālohitā taṃ dānaṃ paribhuñjantīti. Ṭhāne kho, brāhmaṇa, upakappati, no aṭṭhāneti.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Katamaṃ pana taṃ, bho gotama, ṭhānaṃ, katamaṃ aṭṭhānanti? Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco pāṇātipātī hoti…pe… micchādiṭṭhiko hoti, so <a name="P0.0211"></a> kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā nirayaṃ upapajjati. Yo nerayikānaṃ sattānaṃ āhāro, tena so tattha yāpeti, tena so tattha tiṭṭhati. Idaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, aṭṭhānaṃ, yattha ṭhitassa taṃ dānaṃ na upakappati.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Idha pana, brāhmaṇa, ekacco pāṇātipātī hoti…pe… micchādiṭṭhiko hoti, so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā tiracchānayoniṃ upapajjati. Yo tiracchānayonikānaṃ sattānaṃ āhāro, tena so tattha yāpeti, tena so tattha tiṭṭhati. Idampi kho, brāhmaṇa, aṭṭhānaṃ, yattha ṭhitassa taṃ dānaṃ na upakappati.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Idha pana, brāhmaṇa, ekacco pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti…pe… sammādiṭṭhiko hoti, so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā manussānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati…pe… devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati. Yo devānaṃ āhāro, tena so tattha yāpeti, tena so tattha tiṭṭhati. Idampi kho, brāhmaṇa, aṭṭhānaṃ, yattha ṭhitassa taṃ dānaṃ na upakappati.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Idha pana, brāhmaṇa, ekacco pāṇātipātī hoti…pe… micchādiṭṭhiko hoti, so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā pettivisayaṃ upapajjati. Yo pettivesayikānaṃ sattānaṃ āhāro, tena <a name="M0.0178"></a> so tattha yāpeti, tena so tattha tiṭṭhati. Yaṃ vā panassa ito anupavecchanti <a name="V0.0168"></a> mittāmaccā vā ñātisālohitā vā, tena so tattha yāpeti, tena so tattha tiṭṭhati. Idaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, ṭhānaṃ, yattha ṭhitassa taṃ dānaṃ upakappatīti.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Sace pana, bho gotama, so peto ñātisālohito taṃ ṭhānaṃ anupapanno hoti, ko taṃ dānaṃ paribhuñjatīti? Aññepissa, brāhmaṇa, petā ñātisālohitā taṃ ṭhānaṃ upapannā honti, te taṃ dānaṃ paribhuñjantīti.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Sace pana, bho gotama, so ceva peto ñātisālohito taṃ ṭhānaṃ anupapanno hoti, aññepissa petā ñātisālohitā taṃ ṭhānaṃ anupapannā honti, ko taṃ dānaṃ paribhuñjatīti? Aṭṭhānaṃ kho etaṃ brāhmaṇa anavakāso, yaṃ taṃ ṭhānaṃ vivittaṃ assa iminā dīghena addhunā yadidaṃ petehi ñātisālohitehi. Apica brāhmaṇa dāyakopi anipphalo’’ti (a. ni. 10.177).</p>
<p class="subhead">Chaṭṭhagāthāparaddhasattamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para6-7"></a><span class="paranum">6-7</span>. Evaṃ <a name="P0.0212"></a> bhagavā rañño māgadhassa pettivisayūpapannānaṃ pubbañātīnaṃ sampattiṃ nissāya thomento ‘‘ete te, mahārāja, ñātī imāya dānasampadāya attamanā evaṃ thomentī’’ti dassento –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ciraṃ jīvantu no ñātī, yesaṃ hetu labhāmase;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Amhākañca katā pūjā, dāyakā ca anipphalā’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Vatvā puna tesaṃ pettivisayūpapannānaṃ aññassa kasigorakkhādino sampattipaṭilābhakāraṇassa abhāvaṃ ito dinnena yāpanabhāvañca dassento <span class="bld">‘‘na hi tattha kasī atthī</span>’’ti chaṭṭhagāthāya pacchimaddhaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘vaṇijjā tādisī’’</span>ti imaṃ sattamagāthañca āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyaṃ atthavaṇṇanā – na hi, mahārāja, tattha pettivisaye kasi atthi, yaṃ nissāya te petā sampattiṃ paṭilabheyyuṃ. <span class="bld">Gorakkhettha na vijjatī</span>ti na kevalaṃ kasi eva, gorakkhāpi ettha pettivisaye na vijjati, yaṃ <a name="M0.0179"></a> nissāya te sampattiṃ paṭilabheyyuṃ. <span class="bld">Vaṇijjā tādisī natthī</span>ti vāṇijjāpi tādisī natthi, yā tesaṃ sampattipaṭilābhahetu bhaveyya. <span class="bld">Hiraññena kayākaya</span>nti <a name="V0.0169"></a> hiraññena kayavikkayampi tattha tādisaṃ natthi, yaṃ tesaṃ sampattipaṭilābhahetu bhaveyya. <span class="bld">Ito dinnena yāpenti, petā kālagatā tahi</span>nti kevalaṃ pana ito ñātīhi vā mittāmaccehi vā dinnena yāpenti, attabhāvaṃ gamenti. <span class="bld">Petā</span>ti pettivisayūpapannā sattā. <span class="bld">Kālagatā</span>ti attano maraṇakālena gatā, ‘‘kālakatā’’ti vā pāṭho, katakālā katamaraṇāti attho. <span class="bld">Tahi</span>nti tasmiṃ pettivisaye.</p>
<p class="subhead">Aṭṭhamanavamagāthādvayavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para8-9"></a><span class="paranum">8-9</span>. Evaṃ ‘‘ito dinnena yāpenti, petā kālagatā tahi’’nti vatvā idāni upamāhi tamatthaṃ pakāsento <span class="bld">‘‘unname udakaṃ vuṭṭha</span>’’nti idaṃ gāthādvayamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassattho – yathā unnate thale ussāde bhūmibhāge meghehi abhivuṭṭhaṃ udakaṃ ninnaṃ pavattati, yo yo bhūmibhāgo ninno oṇato, taṃ taṃ pavattati gacchati pāpuṇāti, evameva <a name="P0.0213"></a> ito dinnaṃ dānaṃ petānaṃ upakappati nibbattati, pātubhavatīti attho. Ninnamiva hi udakappavattiyā ṭhānaṃ petaloko dānupakappanāya. Yathāha – ‘‘idaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, ṭhānaṃ, yattha ṭhitassa taṃ dānaṃ upakappatī’’ti (a. ni. 10.177). Yathā ca kandarapadarasākhāpasākhakusobbhamahāsobbhasannipātehi vārivahā mahānajjo pūrā hutvā sāgaraṃ paripūrenti, evampi ito dinnadānaṃ pubbe vuttanayeneva petānaṃ upakappatīti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dasamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para10"></a><span class="paranum">10</span>. Evaṃ bhagavā ‘‘ito dinnena yāpenti, petā kālagatā tahi’’nti imaṃ atthaṃ upamāhi pakāsetvā puna yasmā te petā ‘‘ito kiñci lacchāmā’’ti āsābhibhūtā ñātigharaṃ āgantvāpi ‘‘idaṃ nāma no dethā’’ti yācituṃ asamatthā, tasmā tesaṃ imāni anussaraṇavatthūni anussaranto <a name="M0.0180"></a> kulaputto dakkhiṇaṃ dajjāti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘adāsi me’’</span>ti imaṃ gāthamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassattho – ‘‘idaṃ nāma me dhanaṃ vā dhaññaṃ vā adāsī’’ti ca, ‘‘idaṃ nāma me kiccaṃ attanā uyyogamāpajjanto akāsī’’ti ca, ‘‘amu me mātito vā pitito vā sambandhattā ñātī’’ti ca sinehavasena tāṇasamatthatāya ‘‘mittā’’ti ca, ‘‘asuko me saha paṃsukīḷako sakhā’’ti <a name="V0.0170"></a> ca evaṃ sabbamanussaranto petānaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ dajjā, dānaṃ niyyāteyyāti. Aparo pāṭho <span class="bld">‘‘petānaṃ dakkhiṇā dajjā’’</span>ti. Tassattho – dātabbāti dajjā. Kā sā? Petānaṃ dakkhiṇā, teneva ‘‘adāsi me’’tiādinā nayena pubbe katamanussaraṃ anussaratāti vuttaṃ hoti. Karaṇavacanappasaṅge paccattavacanaṃ veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Ekādasamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para11"></a><span class="paranum">11</span>. Evaṃ bhagavā petānaṃ dakkhiṇāniyyātane kāraṇabhūtāni anussaraṇavatthūni dassento –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Adāsi me akāsi me, ñātimittā sakhā ca me;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Petānaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ dajjā, pubbe katamanussara’’nti. –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vatvā <a name="P0.0214"></a> puna ye ñātimaraṇena ruṇṇasokādiparā eva hutvā tiṭṭhanti, na tesaṃ atthāya kiñci denti, tesaṃ taṃ ruṇṇasokādi kevalaṃ attaparitāpanameva hoti, na petānaṃ kiñci atthaṃ nipphādetīti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘na hi ruṇṇaṃ vā’’</span>ti imaṃ gāthamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">ruṇṇa</span>nti rodanā roditattaṃ assupātanaṃ, <span class="bld">etena</span> kāyaparissamaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Soko</span>ti socanā socitattaṃ, etena cittaparissamaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Yā caññā</span>ti yā ca ruṇṇasokehi aññā. <span class="bld">Paridevanā</span>ti ñātibyasanena phuṭṭhassa lālappanā, ‘‘kahaṃ ekaputtaka piya manāpā’’ti evamādinā nayena guṇasaṃvaṇṇanā, etena vacīparissamaṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dvādasamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para12"></a><span class="paranum">12</span>. Evaṃ <a name="M0.0181"></a> bhagavā ‘‘ruṇṇaṃ vā soko vā yā caññā paridevanā, sabbampi taṃ petānaṃ atthāya na hoti, kevalantu attānaṃ paritāpanamattameva, evaṃ tiṭṭhanti ñātayo’’ti ruṇṇādīnaṃ niratthakabhāvaṃ dassetvā puna māgadharājena yā dakkhiṇā dinnā, tassā sātthakabhāvaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘ayañca kho dakkhiṇā’’</span>ti imaṃ gāthamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassattho – ayañca kho, mahārāja, dakkhiṇā tayā ajja attano ñātigaṇaṃ uddissa dinnā<a name="V0.0171"></a>, sā yasmā saṅgho anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa, tasmā saṅghamhi suppatiṭṭhitā assa petajanassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya upakappati sampajjati phalatīti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Upakappatī</span>ti ca ṭhānaso upakappati, taṃkhaṇaṃyeva upakappati, na cirena. Yathā hi taṃkhaṇaññeva paṭibhantaṃ ‘‘ṭhānasovetaṃ tathāgataṃ paṭibhātī’’ti vuccati, evamidhāpi taṃkhaṇaṃyeva upakappantā ‘‘ṭhānaso upakappatī’’ti vuttā. Yaṃ vā taṃ ‘‘idaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, ṭhānaṃ, yattha ṭhitassa taṃ dānaṃ upakappatī’’ti (a. ni. 10.177) vuttaṃ, tattha khuppipāsikavantāsaparadattūpajīvinijjhāmataṇhikādibhedabhinne ṭhāne upakappatīti vuttaṃ yathā kahāpaṇaṃ dento ‘‘kahāpaṇaso detī’’ti <a name="P0.0215"></a> loke vuccati. Imasmiñca atthavikappe <span class="bld">upakappatī</span>ti pātubhavati, nibbattatīti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Terasamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para13"></a><span class="paranum">13</span>. Evaṃ bhagavā raññā dinnāya dakkhiṇāya sātthakabhāvaṃ dassento –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ayañca kho dakkhiṇā dinnā, saṅghamhi suppatiṭṭhitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dīgharattaṃ hitāyassa, ṭhānaso upakappatī’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Vatvā puna yasmā imaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ dentena ñātīnaṃ ñātīhi kattabbakiccakaraṇavasena ñātidhammo nidassito, bahujanassa pākaṭīkato, nidassanaṃ vā kato, tumhehipi ñātīnaṃ evameva ñātīhi kattabbakiccakaraṇavasena ñātidhammo paripūretabbo, na niratthakehi ruṇṇādīhi attā paritāpetabboti ca pete dibbasampattiṃ adhigamentena petānaṃ pūjā katā uḷārā, buddhappamukhañca bhikkhusaṅghaṃ annapānādīhi santappentena bhikkhūnaṃ balaṃ anupadinnaṃ, anukampādiguṇaparivārañca cāgacetanaṃ nibbattentena anappakaṃ puññaṃ <a name="M0.0182"></a> pasutaṃ, tasmā bhagavā imehi yathābhuccaguṇehi rājānaṃ sampahaṃsento –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘So ñātidhammo ca ayaṃ nidassito,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Petāna pūjā ca katā uḷārā;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Balañca bhikkhūnamanuppadinnaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tumhehi puññaṃ pasutaṃ anappaka’’nti. –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imāya gāthāya desanaṃ pariyosāpeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha <a name="V0.0172"></a> vā <span class="bld">‘‘so ñātidhammo ca ayaṃ nidassito’’</span>ti iminā gāthāpadena bhagavā rājānaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandasseti. Ñātidhammanidassanameva hi ettha sandassanaṃ <span class="bld">petāna pūjā ca katā uḷārā</span>ti iminā samādapeti. Uḷārāti pasaṃsanameva hi ettha punappunaṃ pūjākaraṇe samādapanaṃ. <span class="bld">Balañca bhikkhūnamanuppadinna</span>nti iminā samuttejeti. Balānuppadānameva hi ettha evaṃ dānaṃ, balānuppadānatāti tassa ussāhavaḍḍhanena samuttejanaṃ. <span class="bld">Tumhehi puññaṃ pasutaṃ anappaka</span>nti iminā sampahaṃseti. Puññappasutakittanameva hi ettha tassa yathābhuccaguṇasaṃvaṇṇanabhāvena sampahaṃsanajananato <a name="P0.0216"></a> sampahaṃsananti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Desanāpariyosāne ca pettivisayūpapattiādīnavasaṃvaṇṇanena saṃviggānaṃ yoniso padahataṃ caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Dutiyadivasepi bhagavā devamanussānaṃ idameva tirokuṭṭaṃ desesi, evaṃ yāva sattamadivasā tādiso eva dhammābhisamayo ahosīti.</p>
<p class="centered">Paramatthajotikāya khuddakapāṭha-aṭṭhakathāya</p>
<p class="centered">Tirokuṭṭasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="chapter">8. Nidhikaṇḍasuttavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="subhead">Nikkhepakāraṇaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="V0.0173"></a> yadidaṃ tirokuṭṭānantaraṃ <span class="bld">‘‘nidhiṃ nidheti puriso’’</span>tiādinā nidhikaṇḍaṃ nikkhittaṃ, tassa –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhāsitvā <a name="M0.0183"></a> nidhikaṇḍassa, idha nikkhepakāraṇaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Aṭṭhuppattiñca dīpetvā, karissāmatthavaṇṇanaṃ’’.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha idha nikkhepakāraṇaṃ tāvassa evaṃ veditabbaṃ. Idañhi nidhikaṇḍaṃ bhagavatā iminā anukkamena avuttampi yasmā anumodanavasena vuttassa tirokuṭṭassa mithunabhūtaṃ, tasmā idha nikkhittaṃ. Tirokuṭṭena vā puññavirahitānaṃ vipattiṃ dassetvā iminā katapuññānaṃ sampattidassanatthampi idaṃ idha nikkhittanti veditabbaṃ. Idamassa idha nikkhepakāraṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Suttaṭṭhuppatti</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aṭṭhuppatti panassa – sāvatthiyaṃ kira aññataro kuṭumbiko aḍḍho mahaddhano mahābhogo. So ca saddho hoti pasanno, vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati. So ekasmiṃ divase buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa dānaṃ deti. Tena ca samayena rājā dhanatthiko hoti, so tassa santike purisaṃ pesesi ‘‘gaccha, bhaṇe, itthannāmaṃ kuṭumbikaṃ ānehī’’ti. So gantvā taṃ kuṭumbikaṃ āha ‘‘rājā taṃ gahapati āmantetī’’ti. Kuṭumbiko saddhādiguṇasamannāgatena <a name="P0.0217"></a> cetasā buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ parivisanto āha ‘‘gaccha, bho purisa, pacchā āgamissāmi, idāni tāvamhi nidhiṃ nidhento ṭhito’’ti. Atha bhagavā bhuttāvī pavārito tameva puññasampadaṃ paramatthato nidhīti dassetuṃ tassa kuṭumbikassa anumodanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘nidhiṃ nidheti puriso’’</span>ti imā gāthāyo abhāsi. Ayamassa aṭṭhuppatti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamassa <a name="V0.0174"></a> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhāsitvā nidhikaṇḍassa, idha nikkhepakāraṇaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Aṭṭhuppattiñca dīpetvā, karissāmatthavaṇṇanaṃ’’.</p>
<p class="subhead">Paṭhamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1"></a><span class="paranum">1</span>. Tattha <span class="bld">nidhiṃ nidheti puriso</span>ti nidhīyatīti nidhi, ṭhapīyati rakkhīyati gopīyatīti attho. So catubbidho thāvaro, jaṅgamo, aṅgasamo, anugāmikoti. Tattha <span class="bld">thāvaro</span> nāma bhūmigataṃ vā vehāsaṭṭhaṃ vā hiraññaṃ vā <a name="M0.0184"></a> suvaṇṇaṃ vā khettaṃ vā vatthu vā, yaṃ vā panaññampi evarūpaṃ iriyāpathavirahitaṃ, ayaṃ thāvaro nidhi. <span class="bld">Jaṅgamo</span> nāma dāsidāsaṃ hatthigavassavaḷavaṃ ajeḷakaṃ kukkuṭasūkaraṃ yaṃ vā panaññampi evarūpaṃ iriyāpathapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ. Ayaṃ jaṅgamo nidhi <span class="bld">aṅgasamo</span> nāma kammāyatanaṃ, sippāyatanaṃ, vijjāṭṭhānaṃ, bāhusaccaṃ, yaṃ vā panaññampi evarūpaṃ sikkhitvā gahitaṃ aṅgapaccaṅgamiva attabhāvappaṭibaddhaṃ, ayaṃ aṅgasamo nidhi. <span class="bld">Anugāmiko</span> nāma dānamayaṃ puññaṃ sīlamayaṃ bhāvanāmayaṃ dhammassavanamayaṃ dhammadesanāmayaṃ, yaṃ vā panaññampi evarūpaṃ puññaṃ tattha tattha anugantvā viya iṭṭhaphalamanuppadeti, ayaṃ anugāmiko nidhi. Imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne thāvaro adhippeto.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nidhetī</span>ti ṭhapeti paṭisāmeti gopeti. <span class="bld">Puriso</span>ti manusso. Kāmañca purisopi itthīpi paṇḍakopi nidhiṃ nidheti, idha pana purisasīsena desanā katā, atthato pana tesampi idha samodhānaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Gambhīre odakantike</span>ti ogāhetabbaṭṭhena gambhīraṃ, udakassa antikabhāvena odakantikaṃ. Atthi gambhīraṃ na odakantikaṃ jaṅgale bhūmibhāge satikaporiso āvāṭo viya, atthi odakantikaṃ na gambhīraṃ ninne pallale ekadvividatthiko āvāṭo viya, atthi gambhīrañceva odakantikañca <a name="P0.0218"></a> jaṅgale bhūmibhāge yāva idāni udakaṃ āgamissatīti, tāva khato āvāṭo viya. Taṃ sandhāya idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘gambhīre odakantike’’ti. <span class="bld">Atthe kicce samuppanne</span>ti atthā anapetanti atthaṃ, atthāvahaṃ hitāvahanti vuttaṃ hoti. Kātabbanti kiccaṃ, kiñcideva karaṇīyanti vuttaṃ hoti. Uppannaṃ eva samuppannaṃ, kattabbabhāvena upaṭṭhitanti vuttaṃ hoti. Tasmiṃ atthe kicce samuppanne. <span class="bld">Atthāya me bhavissatī</span>ti nidhānappayojananidassanametaṃ. Etadatthañhi so nidheti ‘‘atthāvahe kismiñcideva karaṇīye samuppanne atthāya me bhavissati, tassa me kiccassa nipphattiyā bhavissatī’’ti. Kiccanipphattiyeva hi tassa kicce samuppanne atthoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dutiyagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="V0.0175"></a> nidhānappayojanaṃ dassento atthādhigamādhippāyaṃ dassetvā idāni anatthāpagamādhippāyaṃ dassetumāha –</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para2"></a><span class="paranum">2</span>. ‘‘Rājato <a name="M0.0185"></a> vā duruttassa, corato pīḷitassa vā.</p>
<p class="gathalast">Iṇassa vā pamokkhāya, dubbhikkhe āpadāsu vā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassattho ‘‘atthāya me bhavissatī’’ti ca ‘‘iṇassa vā pamokkhāyā’’ti ca ettha vuttehi dvīhi bhavissatipamokkhāya-padehi saddhiṃ yathāsambhavaṃ yojetvā veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatthāyaṃ yojanā – na kevalaṃ atthāya me bhavissatīti eva puriso nidhiṃ nidheti, kintu ‘‘ayaṃ coro’’ti vā ‘‘pāradāriko’’ti vā ‘‘suṅkaghātako’’ti vā evamādinā nayena paccatthikehi paccāmittehi duruttassa me sato rājato vā pamokkhāya bhavissati, sandhicchedādīhi dhanaharaṇena vā, ‘‘ettakaṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ dehī’’ti jīvaggāhena vā corehi me pīḷitassa sato corato vā pamokkhāya bhavissati. Santi me iṇāyikā, te maṃ ‘‘iṇaṃ dehī’’ti codessanti, tehi me codiyamānassa iṇassa vā pamokkhāya bhavissati. Hoti so samayo, yaṃ dubbhikkhaṃ hoti dussassaṃ dullabhapiṇḍaṃ, tattha na sukaraṃ appadhanena yāpetuṃ, tathāvidhe āgate dubbhikkhe vā me bhavissati<a name="P0.0219"></a>. Yathārūpā āpadā uppajjanti aggito vā udakato vā appiyadāyādato vā, tathārūpāsu vā uppannāsu āpadāsu me bhavissatītipi puriso nidhiṃ nidhetīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ atthādhigamādhippāyaṃ anatthāpagamādhippāyañcāti dvīhi gāthāhi duvidhaṃ nidhānappayojanaṃ dassetvā idāni tameva duvidhaṃ payojanaṃ nigamento āha –</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Etadatthāya lokasmiṃ, nidhi nāma nidhīyatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassattho – yvāyaṃ ‘‘atthāya me bhavissatī’’ti ca ‘‘rājato vā duruttassā’’ti evamādīhi ca atthādhigamo anatthāpagamo ca dassito. <span class="bld">Etadatthāya</span> etesaṃ nipphādanatthāya imasmiṃ <a name="V0.0176"></a> okāsaloke yo koci hiraññasuvaṇṇādibhedo <span class="bld">nidhi nāma nidhīyati</span> ṭhapīyati paṭisāmīyatīti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Tatiyagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="M0.0186"></a> yasmā evaṃ nihitopi so nidhi puññavataṃyeva adhippetatthasādhako hoti, na aññesaṃ, tasmā tamatthaṃ dīpento āha –</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para3"></a><span class="paranum">3</span>. ‘‘Tāvassunihito santo, gambhīre odakantike.</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na sabbo sabbadā eva, tassa taṃ upakappatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassattho – so nidhi <span class="bld">tāva sunihito santo,</span> tāva suṭṭhu nikhaṇitvā ṭhapito samānoti vuttaṃ hoti. Kīva suṭṭhūti? <span class="bld">Gambhīre odakantike</span>, yāva gambhīre odakantike nihitoti saṅkhaṃ gacchati, tāva suṭṭhūti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Na sabbo sabbadā eva, tassa taṃ upakappatī</span>ti yena purisena nihito, tassa sabbopi sabbakālaṃ na upakappati na sampajjati, yathāvuttakiccakaraṇasamattho na hotīti vuttaṃ hoti. Kintu kocideva kadācideva upakappati, neva vā upakappatīti. Ettha ca nti padapūraṇamatte nipāto daṭṭhabbo ‘‘yathā taṃ appamattassa ātāpino’’ti evamādīsu (ma. ni. 2.18-19; 3.154) viya. Liṅgabhedaṃ vā katvā ‘‘so’’ti vattabbe ‘‘ta’’nti vuttaṃ. Evaṃ hi vuccamāne so attho sukhaṃ bujjhatīti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Catutthapañcamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="P0.0220"></a> ‘‘na sabbo sabbadā eva, tassa taṃ upakappatī’’ti vatvā idāni yehi kāraṇehi na upakappati, tāni dassento āha –</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para4"></a><span class="paranum">4</span>. ‘‘Nidhi vā ṭhānā cavati, saññā vāssa vimuyhati.</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nāgā vā apanāmenti, yasmā vāpi haranti naṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para5"></a><span class="paranum">5</span>. ‘‘Appiyā vāpi dāyādā, uddharanti apassato’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassattho <a name="V0.0177"></a> – yasmiṃ ṭhāne sunihito hoti nidhi, so vā <span class="bld">nidhi</span> tamhā <span class="bld">ṭhānā cavati</span> apeti vigacchati, acetanopi samāno puññakkhayavasena aññaṃ ṭhānaṃ gacchati. <span class="bld">Saññā vā assa vimuyhati,</span> yasmiṃ ṭhāne nihito nidhi, taṃ na jānāti, assa puññakkhayacoditā <span class="bld">nāgā vā</span> taṃ nidhiṃ <span class="bld">apanāmenti</span> aññaṃ ṭhānaṃ gamenti. <span class="bld">Yakkhā vāpi haranti</span> yenicchakaṃ ādāya <a name="M0.0187"></a> gacchanti. <span class="bld">Apassato</span> vā assa <span class="bld">appiyā vā dāyādā</span> bhūmiṃ khaṇitvā taṃ nidhiṃ <span class="bld">uddharanti</span>. Evamassa etehi ṭhānā cavanādīhi kāraṇehi so nidhi na upakappatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ ṭhānā cavanādīni lokasammatāni anupakappanakāraṇāni vatvā idāni yaṃ taṃ etesampi kāraṇānaṃ mūlabhūtaṃ ekaññeva puññakkhayasaññitaṃ kāraṇaṃ, taṃ dassento āha –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Yadā puññakkhayo hoti, sabbametaṃ vinassatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassattho – yasmiṃ samaye bhogasampattinipphādakassa puññassa khayo hoti, bhogapārijuññasaṃvattanikamapuññamokāsaṃ katvā ṭhitaṃ hoti, atha yaṃ nidhiṃ nidhentena nihitaṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇādidhanajātaṃ, sabbametaṃ vinassatīti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Chaṭṭhagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bhagavā tena tena adhippāyena nihitampi yathādhippāyaṃ anupakappantaṃ nānappakārehi nassanadhammaṃ lokasammataṃ nidhiṃ vatvā idāni yaṃ puññasampadaṃ paramatthato nidhīti dassetuṃ tassa kuṭumbikassa anumodanatthamidaṃ nidhikaṇḍamāraddhaṃ, taṃ dassento āha –</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para6"></a><span class="paranum">6</span>. ‘‘Yassa dānena sīlena, saṃyamena damena ca.</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nidhī sunihito hoti, itthiyā purisassa vā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tattha</span> <a name="P0.0221"></a> <span class="bld">dāna</span>nti ‘‘dānañca dhammacariyā cā’’ti ettha vuttanayeneva gahetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Sīla</span>nti kāyikavācasiko avītikkamo. Pañcaṅgadasaṅgapātimokkhasaṃvarādi vā sabbampi sīlaṃ idha sīlanti adhippetaṃ. <span class="bld">Saṃyamo</span>ti saṃyamanaṃ saṃyamo, cetaso nānārammaṇagatinivāraṇanti vuttaṃ hoti, samādhissetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Yena saṃyamena samannāgato ‘‘hatthasaṃyato, pādasaṃyato, vācāsaṃyato, saṃyatuttamo’’ti ettha saṃyatuttamoti vutto. Apare āhu ‘‘saṃyamanaṃ saṃyamo, saṃvaraṇanti <a name="V0.0178"></a> vuttaṃ hoti, indriyasaṃvarassetaṃ adhivacana’’nti. <span class="bld">Damo</span>ti damanaṃ, kilesūpasamananti vuttaṃ hoti, paññāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Paññā hi katthaci paññātveva <a name="M0.0188"></a> vuccati ‘‘sussūsā labhate pañña’’nti evamādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.246; su. ni. 188). Katthaci dhammoti ‘‘saccaṃ dhammo dhiti cāgo’’ti evamādīsu. Katthaci damoti ‘‘yadi saccā damā cāgā, khantyā bhiyyo na vijjatī’’tiādīsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ dānādīni ñatvā idāni evaṃ imissā gāthāya sampiṇḍetvā attho veditabbo – yassa itthiyā vā purisassa vā dānena sīlena saṃyamena damena cāti imehi catūhi dhammehi yathā hiraññena suvaṇṇena muttāya maṇinā vā dhanamayo nidhi tesaṃ suvaṇṇādīnaṃ ekattha pakkhipanena nidhīyati, evaṃ puññamayo nidhi tesaṃ dānādīnaṃ ekacittasantāne cetiyādimhi vā vatthumhi suṭṭhu karaṇena sunihito hotīti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Sattamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bhagavā ‘‘yassa dānenā’’ti imāya gāthāya puññasampadāya paramatthato nidhibhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni yattha nihito, so nidhi sunihito hoti, taṃ vatthuṃ dassento āha –</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para7"></a><span class="paranum">7</span>. ‘‘Cetiyamhi ca saṅghe vā, puggale atithīsu vā.</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mātari pitari cāpi, atho jeṭṭhamhi bhātarī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha cayitabbanti <span class="bld">cetiyaṃ,</span> pūjetabbanti vuttaṃ hoti, citattā vā cetiyaṃ. Taṃ panetaṃ cetiyaṃ tividhaṃ hoti paribhogacetiyaṃ<a name="P0.0222"></a>, uddissakacetiyaṃ, dhātukacetiyanti. Tattha bodhirukkho paribhogacetiyaṃ, buddhapaṭimā uddissakacetiyaṃ, dhātugabbhathūpā sadhātukā dhātukacetiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Saṅgho</span>ti buddhappamukhādīsu yo koci. <span class="bld">Puggalo</span>ti gahaṭṭhapabbajitesu yo koci. Natthi assa tithi, yamhi vā tamhi divase āgacchatīti <span class="bld">atithi</span>. Taṅkhaṇe āgatapāhunakassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ cetiyādīni ñatvā idāni evaṃ imissā gāthāya sampiṇḍetvā attho veditabbo – yo so nidhi ‘‘sunihito hotī’’ti vutto, so imesu vatthūsu sunihito hoti. Kasmā? Dīgharattaṃ <a name="V0.0179"></a> iṭṭhaphalānuppadānasamatthatāya. Tathā hi appakampi cetiyamhi datvā dīgharattaṃ iṭṭhaphalalābhino honti. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ekapupphaṃ <a name="M0.0189"></a> yajitvāna, asītikappakoṭiyo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pupphadānassidaṃ phala’’nti ca.</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Mattāsukhapariccāgā, passe ce vipulaṃ sukha’’nti ca. (dha. pa. 290);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ dakkhiṇāvisuddhivelāmasuttādīsu vuttanayena saṅghādivatthūsupi dānaphalavibhāgo veditabbo. Yathā ca cetiyādīsu dānassa pavatti phalavibhūti ca dassitā, evaṃ yathāyogaṃ sabbattha taṃ taṃ ārabhitvā cārittavārittavasena sīlassa, buddhānussativasena saṃyamassa, tabbatthukavipassanāmanasikārapaccavekkhaṇavasena damassa ca pavatti tassa tassa phalavibhūti ca veditabbā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Aṭṭhamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bhagavā dānādīhi nidhīyamānassa puññamayanidhino cetiyādibhedaṃ vatthuṃ dassetvā idāni etesu vatthūsu sunihitassa tassa nidhino gambhīre odakantike nihitanidhito visesaṃ dassento āha –</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para8"></a><span class="paranum">8</span>. ‘‘Eso <a name="P0.0223"></a> nidhi sunihito, ajeyyo anugāmiko.</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pahāya gamanīyesu, etaṃ ādāya gacchatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha pubbapadena taṃ dānādīhi sunihitanidhiṃ niddisati <span class="bld">‘‘eso nidhi sunihito’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Ajeyyo</span>ti parehi jetvā gahetuṃ na sakkā, acceyyotipi pāṭho, tassa accitabbo accanāraho hitasukhatthikena upacitabboti attho. Etasmiñca pāṭhe eso nidhi acceyyoti sambandhitvā puna ‘‘kasmā’’ti anuyogaṃ dassetvā ‘‘yasmā sunihito anugāmiko’’ti sambandhitabbaṃ. Itarathā hi sunihitassa acceyyattaṃ vuttaṃ bhaveyya, na ca sunihito accanīyo. Accito eva hi soti. Anugacchatīti <span class="bld">anugāmiko,</span> paralokaṃ gacchantampi tattha tattha phaladānena na vijahatīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pahāya</span> <a name="V0.0180"></a> <span class="bld">gamanīyesu etaṃ ādāya gacchatī</span>ti maraṇakāle paccupaṭṭhite sabbabhogesu pahāya gamanīyesu etaṃ nidhiṃ ādāya paralokaṃ gacchatīti ayaṃ kira etassa attho. So pana na yujjati. Kasmā? Bhogānaṃ <a name="M0.0190"></a> agamanīyato. Pahātabbā eva hi te te bhogā, na gamanīyā, gamanīyā pana te te gativisesā. Yato yadi esa attho siyā, pahāya bhoge gamanīyesu gativisesesu iti vadeyya. Tasmā evamettha attho veditabbo – ‘‘nidhi vā ṭhānā cavatī’’ti evamādinā pakārena pahāya maccaṃ bhogesu gacchantesu etaṃ ādāya gacchatīti. Eso hi anugāmikattā taṃ nappajahatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha siyā ‘‘gamanīyesūti ettha gantabbesūti attho, na gacchantesū’’ti. Taṃ na ekaṃsato gahetabbaṃ. Yathā hi ‘‘ariyā niyyānikā’’ti (dī. ni. 2.141) ettha niyyantāti attho, na niyyātabbāti, evamidhāpi gacchantesūti attho, na gantabbesūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā yasmā esa maraṇakāle kassaci dātukāmo bhoge āmasitumpi na labhati, tasmā tena te bhogā pubbaṃ kāyena <a name="P0.0224"></a> pahātabbā, pacchā vihatāsena cetasā gantabbā, atikkamitabbāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tasmā pubbaṃ kāyena pahāya pacchā cetasā gamanīyesu bhogesūti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Purimasmiṃ atthe niddhāraṇe bhummavacanaṃ, pahāya gamanīyesu bhogesu ekamevetaṃ puññanidhivibhavaṃ tato nīharitvā ādāya gacchatīti. Pacchime atthe bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇe bhummavacanaṃ. Bhogānañhi gamanīyabhāvena etassa nidhissa ādāya gamanīyabhāvo lakkhīyatīti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Navamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bhagavā imassa puññanidhino gambhīre odakantike nihitanidhito visesaṃ dassetvā puna attano bhaṇḍaguṇasaṃvaṇṇanena kayajanassa ussāhaṃ janento uḷārabhaṇḍavāṇijo viya attanā desitapuññanidhiguṇasaṃvaṇṇanena tasmiṃ puññanidhimhi devamanussānaṃ ussāhaṃ janento āha –</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para9"></a><span class="paranum">9</span>. ‘‘Asādhāraṇamaññesaṃ, acorāharaṇo nidhi.</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kayirātha dhīro puññāni, yo nidhi anugāmiko’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M0.0191"></a> <span class="bld">asādhāraṇamaññesa</span>nti asādhāraṇo aññesaṃ, <span class="bld">ma</span>kāro padasandhikaro ‘‘adukkhamasukhāya vedanāya <a name="V0.0181"></a> sampayuttā’’tiādīsu viya. Na corehi āharaṇo <span class="bld">acorāharaṇo,</span> corehi ādātabbo na hotīti attho. Nidhātabboti <span class="bld">nidhi</span>. Evaṃ dvīhi padehi puññanidhiguṇaṃ saṃvaṇṇetvā tato dvīhi tattha ussāhaṃ janeti <span class="bld">‘‘kayirātha dhīro puññāni, yo nidhi anugāmiko’’</span>ti. Tassattho – yasmā puññāni nāma asādhāraṇo aññesaṃ, acorāharaṇo ca nidhi hoti. Na kevalañca asādhāraṇo acorāharaṇo ca nidhi, atha kho pana ‘‘eso nidhi sunihito, ajeyyo anugāmiko’’ti ettha vutto yo nidhi anugāmiko. So ca yasmā puññāniyeva, tasmā kayirātha kareyya dhīro buddhisampanno dhitisampanno ca puggalo puññānīti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dasamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bhagavā guṇasaṃvaṇṇanena puññanidhimhi devamanussānaṃ ussāhaṃ janetvā idāni ye ussahitvā puññanidhikiriyāya sampādenti, tesaṃ so yaṃ phalaṃ deti, taṃ saṅkhepato dassento āha –</p>
<p class="hangnum"><a name="para10"></a><span class="paranum">10</span>.</p>
<p class="gatha1"> ‘‘Esa devamanussānaṃ, sabbakāmadado nidhī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="P0.0225"></a> yasmā patthanāya paṭibandhitassa sabbakāmadadattaṃ, na vinā patthanaṃ hoti. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Ākaṅkheyya ce gahapatayo dhammacārī samacārī ‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā khattiyamahāsālānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya’nti, ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati yaṃ so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā khattiyamahāsālānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so dhammacārī samacārī’’ (ma. ni. 1.442).</p>
<p class="indent">Evaṃ ‘‘anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihareyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so dhammacārī samacārī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.442).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā <a name="M0.0192"></a> cāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu saddhāya samannāgato hoti, sīlena, sutena, cāgena, paññāya samannāgato hoti, tassa evaṃ hoti ‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā khattiyamahāsālānaṃ <a name="V0.0182"></a> sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya’nti. So taṃ cittaṃ padahati, taṃ cittaṃ adhiṭṭhāti, taṃ cittaṃ bhāveti. Tassa te saṅkhārā ca vihārā ca evaṃ bhāvitā evaṃ bahulīkatā tatrūpapattiyā saṃvattantī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.161) evamādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmā taṃ tathā tathā ākaṅkhapariyāyaṃ cittapadahanādhiṭṭhānabhāvanāparikkhāraṃ patthanaṃ tassa sabbakāmadadatte hetuṃ dassento āha –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Yaṃ yadevābhipatthenti, sabbametena labbhatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Ekādasamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para11"></a><span class="paranum">11</span>. Idāni yaṃ taṃ sabbaṃ etena labbhati, taṃ odhiso odhiso dassento <span class="bld">‘‘suvaṇṇatā susaratā’’</span>ti evamādigāthāyo āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha paṭhamagāthāya tāva <span class="bld">suvaṇṇatā</span> nāma sundaracchavivaṇṇatā kañcanasannibhattacatā, sāpi etena puññanidhinā labbhati. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ…pe… pubbe manussabhūto samāno akkodhano ahosi anupāyāsabahulo, bahumpi vutto samāno nābhisajji <a name="P0.0226"></a> na kuppi na byāpajji na patitthīyi, na kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātvākāsi, dātā ca ahosi sukhumānaṃ mudukānaṃ attharaṇānaṃ pāvuraṇānaṃ khomasukhumānaṃ kappāsika…pe… koseyya…pe… kambalasukhumānaṃ. So tassa kammassa katattā upacitattā…pe… itthattaṃ āgato samāno imaṃ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ paṭilabhati. Suvaṇṇavaṇṇo hoti kañcanasannibhattaco’’ti (dī. ni. 3.218).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Susaratā</span> nāma brahmassaratā karavīkabhāṇitā, sāpi etena labbhati. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yampi<a name="M0.0193"></a>, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ…pe… pharusaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato ahosi, yā sā vācā nelā kaṇṇasukhā…pe… tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā ahosi. So tassa kammassa katattā upacitattā…pe… itthattaṃ <a name="V0.0183"></a> āgato samāno imāni dve mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati. Pahutajivho ca hoti brahmassaro ca karavīkabhāṇī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.236).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Susaṇṭhānā</span>ti suṭṭhu saṇṭhānatā, samacitavaṭṭitayuttaṭṭhānesu aṅgapaccaṅgānaṃ samacitavaṭṭitabhāvena sannivesoti vuttaṃ hoti. Sāpi etena labbhati. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ…pe… pubbe manussabhūto samāno bahujanassa atthakāmo ahosi hitakāmo phāsukāmo yogakkhemakāmo ‘kinti me saddhāya vaḍḍheyyuṃ, sīlena sutena cāgena paññāya dhanadhaññena khettavatthunā dvipadacatuppadehi puttadārehi dāsakammakaraporisehi ñātīhi mittehi bandhavehi vaḍḍheyyu’nti, so tassa kammassa…pe… samāno imāni tīṇi mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati, sīhapubbaḍḍhakāyo ca hoti citantaraṃso ca samavaṭṭakkhandho <a name="P0.0227"></a> cā’’ti (dī. ni. 3.224) evamādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iminā nayena ito paresampi iminā puññanidhinā paṭilābhasādhakāni suttapadāni tato tato ānetvā vattabbāni. Ativitthārabhayena tu saṃkhittaṃ, idāni avasesapadānaṃ vaṇṇanaṃ karissāmi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Surūpatā</span>ti ettha sakalasarīraṃ rūpanti veditabbaṃ ‘‘ākāso parivārito rūpaṃtveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.306) viya, tassa rūpassa sundaratā surūpatā nātidīghatā nātirassatā nātikisatā nātithūlatā nātikāḷatā naccodātatāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Ādhipacca</span>nti adhipatibhāvo, khattiyamahāsālādibhāvena sāmikabhāvoti attho. <span class="bld">Parivāro</span>ti agārikānaṃ sajanaparijanasampatti, anagārikānaṃ parisasampatti, ādhipaccañca <a name="M0.0194"></a> parivāro ca <span class="bld">ādhipaccaparivāro</span>. Ettha ca suvaṇṇatādīhi sarīrasampatti, ādhipaccena bhogasampatti, parivārena sajanaparijanasampatti vuttāti veditabbā. <span class="bld">Sabbametena labbhatī</span>ti yaṃ taṃ ‘‘yaṃ yadevābhipatthenti, sabbametena labbhatī’’ti vuttaṃ, tattha idampi tāva paṭhamaṃ odhiso vuttasuvaṇṇatādi sabbametena labbhatīti veditabbanti dasseti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dvādasamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para12"></a><span class="paranum">12</span>. Evamimāya <a name="V0.0184"></a> gāthāya puññānubhāvena labhitabbaṃ rajjasampattito oraṃ devamanussasampattiṃ dassetvā idāni tadubhayarajjasampattiṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘padesarajja</span>’’nti imaṃ gāthamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">padesarajja</span>nti ekadīpampi sakalaṃ apāpuṇitvā pathaviyā ekamekasmiṃ padese rajjaṃ. Issarabhāvo <span class="bld">issariyaṃ,</span> iminā dīpacakkavattirajjaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Cakkavattisukhaṃ piya</span>nti iṭṭhaṃ kantaṃ manāpaṃ cakkavattisukhaṃ. Iminā cāturantacakkavattirajjaṃ dasseti. Devesu rajjaṃ <span class="bld">devarajjaṃ,</span> etena mandhātādīnampi manussānaṃ devarajjaṃ dassitaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Api dibbesū</span>ti iminā ye te divi bhavattā ‘‘dibbā’’ti vuccanti, tesu dibbesu kāyesu uppannānampi devarajjaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Sabbametena labbhatī</span>ti yaṃ taṃ ‘‘yaṃ yadevābhipatthenti, sabbametena labbhatī’’ti <a name="P0.0228"></a> vuttaṃ, tattha idampi dutiyaṃ odhiso padesarajjādi sabbametena labbhatīti veditabbanti dasseti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Terasamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para13"></a><span class="paranum">13</span>. Evamimāya gāthāya puññānubhāvena labhitabbaṃ devamanussarajjasampattiṃ dassetvā idāni dvīhi gāthāhi vuttaṃ sampattiṃ samāsato purakkhatvā nibbānasampattiṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘mānussikā ca sampattī’’</span>ti imaṃ gāthamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassāyaṃ <span class="bld">padavaṇṇanā</span> – manussānaṃ ayanti mānussī, mānussī eva <span class="bld">mānussikā</span>. Sampajjanaṃ <span class="bld">sampatti</span>. Devānaṃ loko devaloko. Tasmiṃ <span class="bld">devaloke. Yā</span>ti anavasesapariyādānaṃ, ramanti etāya ajjhattaṃ uppannāya bahiddhā vā upakaraṇabhūtāyāti <span class="bld">rati,</span> sukhassa sukhavatthuno cetaṃ <a name="M0.0195"></a> adhivacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Yā</span>ti aniyatavacanaṃ <span class="bld">ca</span>saddo pubbasampattiyā saha sampiṇḍanattho. Nibbānaṃyeva <span class="bld">nibbānasampatti</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana <span class="bld">atthavaṇṇanā</span> – yā esā ‘‘suvaṇṇatā’’tiādīhi padehi mānussikā ca sampatti devaloke ca yā rati vuttā, sā ca sabbā, yā cāyamaparā saddhānusāribhāvādivasena pattabbā nibbānasampatti, sā cāti idaṃ tatiyampi odhiso sabbametena labbhatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha <a name="V0.0185"></a> vā yā pubbe suvaṇṇatādīhi avuttā ‘‘sūrā satimanto idha brahmacariyavāso’’ti evamādinā (a. ni. 9.21) nayena niddiṭṭhā paññāveyyattiyādibhedā ca mānussikā sampatti, aparā devaloke ca yā jhānādirati, yā ca yathāvuttappakārā nibbānasampatti cāti idampi tatiyaṃ odhiso sabbametena labbhatīti. Evampettha atthavaṇṇanā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Cuddasamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para14"></a><span class="paranum">14</span>. Evamimāya gāthāya puññānubhāvena labhitabbaṃ saddhānusārībhāvādivasena pattabbaṃ nibbānasampattimpi dassetvā idāni tevijjaubhatobhāgavimuttabhāvavasenapi pattabbaṃ tameva tassa upāyañca dassento <span class="bld">‘‘mittasampadamāgammā</span>’’ti imaṃ gāthamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassāyaṃ <span class="bld">padavaṇṇanā</span> – sampajjati etāya guṇavibhūtiṃ pāpuṇātīti sampadā, mitto eva sampadā mittasampadā, taṃ <span class="bld">mittasampadaṃ</span><a name="P0.0229"></a>. <span class="bld">Āgammā</span>ti nissāya. <span class="bld">Yoniso</span>ti upāyena. <span class="bld">Payuñjato</span>ti yogānuṭṭhānaṃ karoto. Vijānāti etāyāti vijjā, vimuccati etāya, sayaṃ vā vimuccatīti vimutti, vijjā ca vimutti ca vijjāvimuttiyo, vijjāvimuttīsu vasībhāvo <span class="bld">vijjāvimuttivasībhāvo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana <span class="bld">atthavaṇṇanā</span> – yvāyaṃ mittasampadamāgamma satthāraṃ vā aññataraṃ vā garuṭṭhāniyaṃ sabrahmacāriṃ nissāya tato ovādañca anusāsaniñca gahetvā yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipattiyā yoniso payuñjato pubbenivāsādīsu tīsu vijjāsu ‘‘tattha katamā vimutti? Cittassa ca adhimutti nibbānañcā’’ti (dha. sa. 1381) evaṃ āgatāya aṭṭhasamāpattinibbānabhedāya vimuttiyā ca tathā tathā adandhāyitattena <a name="M0.0196"></a> vasībhāvo, idampi catutthaṃ odhiso sabbametena labbhatīti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pannarasamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para15"></a><span class="paranum">15</span>. Evamimāya gāthāya pubbe kathitavijjāvimuttivasībhāvabhāgiyapuññānubhāvena labhitabbaṃ tevijjaubhatobhāgavimuttabhāvavasenapi pattabbaṃ nibbānasampattiṃ dassetvā idāni yasmā vijjāvimuttivasībhāvappattā tevijjā ubhatobhāgavimuttāpi sabbe paṭisambhidādiguṇavibhūtiṃ labhanti, imāya puññasampadāya ca tassā guṇavibhūtiyā padaṭṭhānavasena <a name="V0.0186"></a> tathā tathā sāpi labbhati, tasmā tampi dassento <span class="bld">‘‘paṭisambhidā vimokkhā cā’’</span>ti imaṃ gāthamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Yato sammā katena yā cāyaṃ dhammatthaniruttipaṭibhānesu pabhedagatā paññā paṭisambhidā’’ti vuccati, ye cime ‘‘rūpī rūpāni passatī’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 2.129; 3.339) nayena aṭṭha vimokkhā, yā cāyaṃ bhagavato sāvakehi pattabbā sāvakasampattisādhikā sāvakapāramī, yā ca sayambhubhāvasādhikā paccekabodhi, yā ca sabbasattuttamabhāvasādhikā buddhabhūmi, idampi pañcamaṃ odhiso sabbametena labbhatīti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Soḷasamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para16"></a><span class="paranum">16</span>. Evaṃ bhagavā yaṃ taṃ ‘‘yaṃ yadevābhipatthenti, sabbametena labbhatī’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ imāhi pañcahi gāthāhi odhiso odhiso dassetvā <a name="P0.0230"></a> idāni sabbamevidaṃ sabbakāmadadanidhisaññitaṃ puññasampadaṃ pasaṃsanto <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ mahatthikā esā’’</span>ti imāya gāthāya desanaṃ niṭṭhapesi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassāyaṃ <span class="bld">padavaṇṇanā – eva</span>nti atītatthanidassanaṃ. Mahanto attho assāti <span class="bld">mahatthikā,</span> mahato atthāya saṃvattatīti vuttaṃ hoti, mahiddhikātipi pāṭho. <span class="bld">Esā</span>ti uddesavacanaṃ, tena ‘‘yassa dānena sīlenā’’ti ito pabhuti yāva ‘‘kayirātha dhīro puññānī’’ti vuttaṃ puññasampadaṃ uddisati. <span class="bld">Yadida</span>nti abhimukhakaraṇatthe nipāto, tena esāti uddiṭṭhaṃ niddisituṃ yā esāti abhimukhaṃ karoti. Puññānaṃ sampadā <span class="bld">puññasampadā</span><a name="M0.0197"></a>. <span class="bld">Tasmā</span>ti kāraṇavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Dhīrā</span>ti dhitimanto. <span class="bld">Pasaṃsantī</span>ti vaṇṇayanti. <span class="bld">Paṇḍitā</span>ti paññāsampannā. <span class="bld">Katapuññata</span>nti katapuññabhāvaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana <span class="bld">atthavaṇṇanā</span> – iti bhagavā suvaṇṇatādiṃ buddhabhūmipariyosānaṃ puññasampadānubhāvena adhigantabbamatthaṃ vaṇṇayitvā idāni tamevatthaṃ sampiṇḍetvā dassento tenevatthena yathāvuttappakārāya puññasampadāya mahatthikattaṃ thunanto āha – evaṃ mahato atthassa āvahanena mahatthikā esā, yadidaṃ mayā ‘‘yassa dānena sīlenā’’tiādinā nayena desitā puññasampadā, tasmā mādisā sattānaṃ hitasukhāvahāya dhammadesanāya akilāsutāya yathābhūtaguṇena ca dhīrā paṇḍitā ‘‘asādhāraṇamaññesaṃ, acorāharaṇo nidhī’’tiādīhi idha vuttehi <a name="V0.0187"></a> ca, avuttehi ca ‘‘mā, bhikkhave, puññānaṃ bhāyittha, sukhassetaṃ, bhikkhave, adhivacanaṃ, yadidaṃ puññānī’’tiādīhi (a. ni. 7.62; itivu. 22; netti. 121) vacanehi anekākāravokāraṃ katapuññataṃ pasaṃsanti, na pakkhapātenāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Desanāpariyosāne so upāsako bahujanena saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi, rañño ca pasenadikosalassa santikaṃ gantvā etamatthaṃ ārocesi, rājā ativiya tuṭṭho hutvā ‘‘sādhu, gahapati, sādhu kho tvaṃ<a name="P0.0231"></a>, gahapati, mādisehipi anāharaṇīyaṃ nidhiṃ nidhesī’’ti saṃrādhetvā mahatiṃ pūjamakāsīti.</p>
<p class="centered">Paramatthajotikāya khuddakapāṭha-aṭṭhakathāya</p>
<p class="centered">Nidhikaṇḍasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="chapter">9. Mettasuttavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="subhead">Nikkhepappayojanaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="V0.0188"></a> nidhikaṇḍānantaraṃ nikkhittassa mettasuttassa vaṇṇanākkamo anuppatto. Tassa idha nikkhepappayojanaṃ vatvā tato paraṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yena vuttaṃ yadā yattha, yasmā cetesa dīpanā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nidānaṃ sodhayitvāssa, karissāmatthavaṇṇanaṃ’’.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M0.0198"></a> yasmā nidhikaṇḍena dānasīlādipuññasampadā vuttā, sā ca sattesu mettāya katāya mahapphalā hoti yāva buddhabhūmiṃ pāpetuṃ samatthā, tasmā tassā puññasampadāya upakāradassanatthaṃ, yasmā vā saraṇehi sāsane otaritvā sikkhāpadehi sīle patiṭṭhitānaṃ dvattiṃsākārena rāgappahānasamatthaṃ, kumārapañhena mohappahānasamatthañca kammaṭṭhānaṃ dassetvā, maṅgalasuttena tassa pavattiyā maṅgalabhāvo attarakkhā ca, ratanasuttena tassānurūpā pararakkhā, tirokuṭṭena rattanasutte vuttabhūtesu ekaccabhūtadassanaṃ vuttappakārāya puññasampattiyā pamajjantānaṃ vipatti ca, nidhikaṇḍena tirokuṭṭe vuttavipattipaṭipakkhabhūtā sampatti ca dassitā, dosappahānasamatthaṃ pana kammaṭṭhānaṃ adassitameva, tasmā taṃ dosappahānasamatthaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ dassetuṃ idaṃ mettasuttaṃ idha nikkhittaṃ. Evañhi suparipūro hoti khuddakapāṭhoti idamassa idha nikkhepappayojanaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Nidānasodhanaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni yāyaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yena vuttaṃ yadā yattha, yasmā cetesa dīpanā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nidānaṃ sodhayitvāssa, karissāmatthavaṇṇana’’nti. –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mātikā <a name="V0.0189"></a> nikkhittā, tattha idaṃ <a name="P0.0232"></a> mettasuttaṃ bhagavatāva vuttaṃ, na sāvakādīhi, tañca pana yadā himavantapassato devatāhi ubbāḷhā bhikkhū bhagavato santikaṃ āgatā, tadā sāvatthiyaṃ tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ parittatthāya kammaṭṭhānatthāya ca vuttanti evaṃ tāva saṅkhepato etesaṃ padānaṃ dīpanā nidānasodhanā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vitthārato pana evaṃ veditabbā – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati upakaṭṭhāya vassūpanāyikāya, tena kho pana samayena sambahulā nānāverajjakā bhikkhū bhagavato santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā tattha tattha vassaṃ upagantukāmā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamanti. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā rāgacaritānaṃ saviññāṇakaaviññāṇakavasena ekādasavidhaṃ asubhakammaṭṭhānaṃ, dosacaritānaṃ catubbidhaṃ mettādikammaṭṭhānaṃ, mohacaritānaṃ maraṇassatikammaṭṭhānādīni, vitakkacaritānaṃ ānāpānassatipathavīkasiṇādīni, saddhācaritānaṃ buddhānussatikammaṭṭhānādīni, buddhicaritānaṃ catudhātuvavatthānādīnīti <a name="M0.0199"></a> iminā nayena caturāsītisahassappabhedacaritānukūlāni kammaṭṭhānāni katheti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha kho pañcamattāni bhikkhusatāni bhagavato santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ uggahetvā sappāyasenāsanañca gocaragāmañca pariyesamānāni anupubbena gantvā paccante himavantena saddhiṃ ekābaddhaṃ nīlakācamaṇisannibhasilātalaṃ sītalaghanacchāyanīlavanasaṇḍamaṇḍitaṃ muttājālarajatapaṭṭasadisavālukākiṇṇabhūmibhāgaṃ sucisātasītalajalāsayaparivāritaṃ pabbatamaddasaṃsu. Atha te bhikkhū tatthekarattiṃ vasitvā pabhātāya rattiyā sarīraparikammaṃ katvā tassa avidūre aññataraṃ gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisiṃsu. Gāmo ghananivesanasanniviṭṭhakulasahassayutto, manussā cettha <a name="P0.0233"></a> saddhā pasannā te paccante pabbajitadassanassa dullabhatāya bhikkhū disvā eva pītisomanassajātā hutvā te bhikkhū bhojetvā ‘‘idheva, bhante, temāsaṃ vasathā’’ti yācitvā pañca padhānakuṭisatāni kāretvā tattha mañcapīṭhapānīyaparibhojanīyaghaṭādīni sabbūpakaraṇāni paṭiyādesuṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhikkhū dutiyadivase aññaṃ gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisiṃsu. Tatthapi manussā tatheva upaṭṭhahitvā vassāvāsaṃ yāciṃsu. Bhikkhū ‘‘asati antarāye’’ti adhivāsetvā taṃ vanasaṇḍaṃ pavisitvā sabbarattindivaṃ āraddhavīriyā yāmaghaṇḍikaṃ koṭṭetvā yonisomanasikārabahulā viharantā rukkhamūlāni upagantvā nisīdiṃsu. Sīlavantānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ tejena vihatatejā rukkhadevatā attano attano vimānā oruyha dārake gahetvā ito cito vicaranti. Seyyathāpi <a name="V0.0190"></a> nāma rājūhi vā rājamahāmattehi vā gāmakāvāsaṃ gatehi gāmavāsīnaṃ gharesu okāse gahite gharamanussakā gharā nikkhamitvā aññatra vasantā ‘‘kadā nu gamissantī’’ti dūratova olokenti, evameva devatā attano attano vimānāni chaḍḍetvā ito cito ca vicarantiyo dūratova olokenti ‘‘kadā nu bhadantā gamissantī’’ti. Tato evaṃ samacintesuṃ ‘‘paṭhamavassūpagatā bhikkhū avassaṃ temāsaṃ vasissanti, mayaṃ pana tāva ciraṃ dārake gahetvā okkamma vasituṃ na sakkoma, handa mayaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bhayānakaṃ ārammaṇaṃ dassemā’’ti. Tā rattiṃ bhikkhūnaṃ samaṇadhammakaraṇavelāya bhiṃsanakāni yakkharūpāni nimminitvā purato <a name="M0.0200"></a> purato tiṭṭhanti, bheravasaddañca karonti. Bhikkhūnaṃ tāni rūpāni disvā tañca saddaṃ sutvā hadayaṃ phandi, dubbaṇṇā <a name="P0.0234"></a> ca ahesuṃ uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajātā. Tena te bhikkhū cittaṃ ekaggaṃ kātuṃ nāsakkhiṃsu, tesaṃ anekaggacittānaṃ bhayena ca punappunaṃ saṃviggānaṃ sati sammussi, tato tesaṃ muṭṭhasatīnaṃ duggandhāni ārammaṇāni payojesuṃ, tesaṃ tena duggandhena nimmathiyamānamiva matthaluṅgaṃ ahosi, gāḷhā sīsavedanā uppajjiṃsu, na ca taṃ pavattiṃ aññamaññassa ārocesuṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Athekadivasaṃ saṅghattherassa upaṭṭhānakāle sabbesu sannipatitesu saṅghatthero pucchi ‘‘tumhākaṃ, āvuso, imaṃ vanasaṇḍaṃ paviṭṭhānaṃ katipāhaṃ ativiya parisuddho chavivaṇṇo ahosi pariyodāto, vippasannāni ca indriyāni, etarahi panattha kisā dubbaṇṇā uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajātā, kiṃ vo idha asappāya’’nti. Tato eko bhikkhu āha – ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, rattiṃ īdisañca īdisañca bheravārammaṇaṃ passāmi ca suṇāmi ca, īdisañca gandhaṃ ghāyāmi, tena me cittaṃ na samādhiyatī’’ti, eteneva upāyena sabbeva te taṃ pavattiṃ ārocesuṃ. Saṅghatthero āha – ‘‘bhagavatā, āvuso, dve vassūpanāyikā paññattā, amhākañca idaṃ senāsanaṃ asappāyaṃ, āyāmāvuso, bhagavato santikaṃ gantvā aññaṃ sappāyasenāsanaṃ pucchāmā’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti te bhikkhū therassa paṭissuṇitvā sabbeva senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya anupalittattā kulesu kañci anāmantetvā eva yena sāvatthi tena cārikaṃ pakkamiṃsu. Anupubbena sāvatthiṃ gantvā bhagavato santikaṃ āgamiṃsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhagavā te bhikkhū disvā etadavoca – ‘‘na, bhikkhave, antovassaṃ cārikā caritabbāti mayā sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, kissa tumhe <a name="P0.0235"></a> cārikaṃ carathā’’ti. Te bhagavato sabbamārocesuṃ. Bhagavā āvajjento sakalajambudīpe antamaso catupādapīṭhakaṭṭhānamattampi tesaṃ sappāyasenāsanaṃ nāddasa. Atha te bhikkhū āha – ‘‘na, bhikkhave, tumhākaṃ aññaṃ sappāyasenāsanaṃ atthi, tattheva tumhe viharantā āsavakkhayaṃ pāpuṇissatha, gacchatha, bhikkhave, tameva <a name="V0.0191"></a> senāsanaṃ upanissāya viharatha, sace pana devatāhi abhayaṃ icchatha, imaṃ parittaṃ uggaṇhatha. Etañhi vo parittañca kammaṭṭhānañca bhavissatī’’ti idaṃ suttamabhāsi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apare <a name="M0.0201"></a> panāhu – ‘‘gacchatha, bhikkhave, tameva senāsanaṃ upanissāya viharathā’’ti idañca vatvā bhagavā āha – ‘‘apica kho āraññakena pariharaṇaṃ ñātabbaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ – sāyaṃ pātaṃ karaṇavasena dve mettā dve parittā dve asubhā dve maraṇassatī aṭṭhamahāsaṃvegavatthusamāvajjanañca, aṭṭha mahāsaṃvegavatthūni nāma jātijarābyādhimaraṇaṃ cattāri apāyadukkhānīti, atha vā jātijarābyādhimaraṇāni cattāri, apāyadukkhaṃ pañcamaṃ, atīte vaṭṭamūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ, anāgate vaṭṭamūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ, paccuppanne āhārapariyeṭṭhimūlakaṃ dukkha’’nti. Evaṃ bhagavā pariharaṇaṃ ācikkhitvā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ mettatthañca parittatthañca vipassanāpādakajjhānatthañca idaṃ suttamabhāsīti. Evaṃ vitthāratopi ‘‘yena vuttaṃ yadā yattha, yasmā ce’’ti etesaṃ padānaṃ dīpanā nidānasodhanā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā ca yā sā <span class="bld">‘‘yena vuttaṃ yadā yattha, yasmā cetesa dīpanā. Nidānaṃ sodhayitvā’’</span>ti mātikā ṭhapitā, sā <a name="P0.0236"></a> sabbākārena vitthāritā hoti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Paṭhamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1"></a><span class="paranum">1</span>. Idāni <span class="bld">‘‘assa karissāmatthavaṇṇana’’</span>nti vuttattā evaṃ katanidānasodhanassa assa suttassa <span class="bld">atthavaṇṇanā</span> ārabbhate. Tattha <span class="bld">karaṇīyamatthakusalenā</span>ti imissā paṭhamagāthāya tāva ayaṃ <span class="bld">padavaṇṇanā – karaṇīya</span>nti kātabbaṃ, karaṇārahanti attho. <span class="bld">Attho</span>ti paṭipadā, yaṃ vā kiñci attano hitaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ araṇīyato atthoti vuccati, araṇīyato nāma upagantabbato. Atthe kusalena <span class="bld">atthakusalena</span> atthachekenāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Ya</span>nti aniyamitapaccattaṃ. Nti niyamitaupayogaṃ, ubhayampi vā <span class="bld">yaṃ ta</span>nti paccattavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Santaṃ pada</span>nti upayogavacanaṃ, tattha lakkhaṇato santaṃ, pattabbato padaṃ, nibbānassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Abhisameccā</span>ti abhisamāgantvā. Sakkotīti <span class="bld">sakko,</span> samattho paṭibaloti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Ujū</span>ti ajjavayutto. Suṭṭhu ujūti <span class="bld">suhuju</span>. Sukhaṃ vaco tasminti <span class="bld">suvaco</span>. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti bhaveyya. <span class="bld">Mudū</span>ti maddavayutto. Na atimānīti <span class="bld">anatimāni</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ panettha <span class="bld">atthavaṇṇanā – karaṇīyamatthakusalena, yantaṃ santaṃ padaṃ abhisameccā</span>ti ettha tāva <a name="V0.0192"></a> atthi karaṇīyaṃ, atthi akaraṇīyaṃ. Tattha saṅkhepato <a name="M0.0202"></a> sikkhattayaṃ <span class="bld">karaṇīyaṃ</span>. Sīlavipatti, diṭṭhivipatti, ācāravipatti, ājīvavipattīti evamādi <span class="bld">akaraṇīyaṃ</span>. Tathā atthi atthakusalo, atthi anatthakusalo. Tattha yo imasmiṃ sāsane pabbajitvā na attānaṃ sammā payojeti, khaṇḍasīlo hoti, ekavīsatividhaṃ anesanaṃ nissāya jīvikaṃ kappeti. Seyyathidaṃ – veḷudānaṃ pattadānaṃ pupphadānaṃ phaladānaṃ dantakaṭṭhadānaṃ mukhodakadānaṃ sinānadānaṃ cuṇṇadānaṃ mattikādānaṃ cāṭukamyataṃ muggasūpyataṃ pāribhaṭayataṃ jaṅghapesanikaṃ vejjakammaṃ dūtakammaṃ pahiṇagamanaṃ piṇḍapaṭipiṇḍaṃ <a name="P0.0237"></a> dānānuppadānaṃ vatthuvijjaṃ nakkhattavijjaṃ aṅgavijjanti. Chabbidhe ca agocare carati. Seyyathidaṃ – vesiyāgocare vidhavathullakumārikapaṇḍakabhikkhunīpānāgāragocareti. Saṃsaṭṭho ca viharati rājūhi rājamahāmattehi titthiyehi titthiyasāvakehi ananulomikena gihisaṃsaggena, yāni vā pana tāni kulāni assaddhāni appasannāni anopānabhūtāni akkosakaparibhāsakāni anatthakāmāni ahitaaphāsukayogakkhemakāmāni bhikkhūnaṃ…pe… upāsikānaṃ, tathārūpāni kulāni sevati bhajati payirupāsati. Ayaṃ <span class="bld">anatthakusalo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yo pana imasmiṃ sāsane pabbajitvā attānaṃ sammā payojeti, anesanaṃ pahāya catupārisuddhisīle patiṭṭhātukāmo saddhāsīsena pātimokkhasaṃvaraṃ satisīsena indriyasaṃvaraṃ vīriyasīsena ājīvapārisuddhiṃ, paññāsīsena paccayapaṭisevanaṃ pūreti. Ayaṃ <span class="bld">atthakusalo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yo vā sattāpattikkhandhasodhanavasena pātimokkhasaṃvaraṃ, chadvāre ghaṭṭitārammaṇesu abhijjhādīnaṃ anuppattivasena indrisaṃvaraṃ, anesanaparivajjanavasena viññuppasatthabuddhabuddhasāvakavaṇṇitapaccayapaṭisevanena ca ājīvapārisuddhiṃ, yathāvuttapaccavekkhaṇavasena paccayapaṭisevanaṃ, catuiriyāpathaparivattane sātthakatādipaccavekkhaṇavasena sampajaññañca sodheti. Ayampi <span class="bld">atthakusalo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yo vā yathā ūsodakaṃ paṭicca saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ vatthaṃ pariyodāpayati, chārikaṃ paṭicca ādāso, ukkāmukhaṃ paṭicca jātarūpaṃ, tathā ñāṇaṃ paṭicca sīlaṃ vodāyatīti ñatvā ñāṇodakena dhovanto sīlaṃ pariyodāpeti. Yathā ca kikī sakuṇikā aṇḍaṃ, camarī migo vāladhiṃ, ekaputtikā nārī <a name="M0.0203"></a> piyaṃ ekaputtakaṃ, ekanayano puriso taṃ ekanayanañca rakkhati, tathā ativiya appamatto attano sīlakkhandhaṃ rakkhati, sāyaṃ <a name="P0.0238"></a> pātaṃ paccavekkhamāno aṇumattampi vajjaṃ na passati. Ayampi <span class="bld">atthakusalo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yo <a name="V0.0193"></a> vā pana avippaṭisārakare sīle patiṭṭhāya kilesavikkhambhanapaṭipadaṃ paggaṇhāti, taṃ paggaṇhitvā kasiṇaparikammaṃ karoti, kasiṇaparikammaṃ katvā samāpattiyo nibbatteti. Ayampi <span class="bld">atthakusalo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yo vā pana samāpattito vuṭṭhāya saṅkhāre sammasitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti, ayaṃ atthakusalānaṃ aggo. Tattha ye ime yāva avippaṭisārakare sīle patiṭṭhānena yāva vā kilesavikkhambhanapaṭipadāyapaggahaṇena vaṇṇitā atthakusalā, te imasmiṃ atthe <span class="bld">atthakusalā</span>ti adhippetā. Tathā vidhā ca te bhikkhū. Tena bhagavā te bhikkhū sandhāya ekapuggalādhiṭṭhānāya desanāya ‘‘karaṇīyamatthakusalenā’’ti āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato ‘‘kiṃ karaṇīya’’nti tesaṃ sañjātakaṅkhānaṃ āha <span class="bld">‘‘yantaṃ santaṃ padaṃ abhisameccā’’</span>ti. Ayamettha adhippāyo – taṃ buddhānubuddhehi vaṇṇitaṃ santaṃ nibbānapadaṃ paṭivedhavasena abhisamecca viharitukāmena yaṃ karaṇīyanti. Ettha ca <span class="bld">ya</span>nti imassa gāthāpadassa ādito vuttameva karaṇīyanti adhikārato anuvattati, taṃ santaṃ padaṃ abhisameccāti. Ayaṃ pana yasmā sāvasesapāṭho attho, tasmā viharitukāmenāti vuttanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā <span class="bld">santaṃ padaṃ abhisameccā</span>ti anussavādivasena lokiyapaññāya nibbānapadaṃ ‘‘santa’’nti ñatvā taṃ adhigantukāmena yantaṃ karaṇīyanti adhikārato anuvattati, taṃ karaṇīyamatthakusalenāti evampettha adhippāyo veditabbo. Atha vā ‘‘karaṇīyamatthakusalenā’’ti vutte ‘‘ki’’nti cintentānaṃ āha <span class="bld">‘‘yantaṃ santaṃ padaṃ abhisameccā’’</span>ti. Tassevaṃ adhippāyo veditabbo – lokiyapaññāya santaṃ padaṃ abhisamecca yaṃ karaṇīyaṃ kātabbaṃ, taṃ karaṇīyaṃ, karaṇārahameva tanti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiṃ pana tanti<a name="P0.0239"></a>? Kimaññaṃ siyā aññatra tadadhigamupāyato, kāmañcetaṃ karaṇārahaṭṭhena sikkhattayadīpakena ādipadeneva vuttaṃ. Tathā hi tassa atthavaṇṇanāyaṃ avocumhā ‘‘atthi karaṇīyaṃ, atthi akaraṇīyaṃ. Tattha <a name="M0.0204"></a> saṅkhepato sikkhattayaṃ karaṇīya’’nti. Atisaṅkhepena desitattā pana tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ kehici viññātaṃ, kehici na viññātaṃ. Tato yehi na viññātaṃ, tesaṃ viññāpanatthaṃ yaṃ visesato āraññakena bhikkhunā kātabbaṃ, taṃ vitthārento <span class="bld">‘‘sakko ujū ca suhujū ca, suvaco cassa mudu anatimānī’’</span>ti imaṃ tāva upaḍḍhagāthamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiṃ <a name="V0.0194"></a> vuttaṃ hoti? Santaṃ padaṃ abhisamecca viharitukāmo, lokiyapaññāya vā taṃ abhisamecca tadadhigamāya paṭipajjamāno āraññako bhikkhu dutiyacatutthapadhāniyaṅgasamannāgamena kāye ca jīvite ca anapekkho hutvā saccappaṭivedhāya paṭipajjituṃ sakko assa, tathā kasiṇaparikammavattasamādānādīsu attano pattacīvarappaṭisaṅkharaṇādīsu ca yāni tāni sabrahmacārīnaṃ uccāvacāni kiṃ karaṇīyāni, tesu aññesu ca evarūpesu sakko assa dakkho analaso samattho. Sakko hontopi ca tatiyapadhāniyaṅgasamannāgamena uju assa. Uju hontopi ca sakiṃ ujubhāvena daharakāle vā ujubhāvena santosaṃ anāpajjitvā yāvajīvaṃ punappunaṃ asithilakaraṇena suṭṭhutaraṃ uju assa. Asaṭhatāya vā uju, amāyāvitāya suhuju. Kāyavacīvaṅkappahānena vā uju, manovaṅkappahānena suhuju. Asantaguṇassa vā anāvikaraṇena uju, asantaguṇena uppannassa lābhassa anadhivāsanena suhuju. Evaṃ ārammaṇalakkhaṇūpanijjhānehi purimadvayatatiyasikkhāhi payogāsayasuddhīhi ca uju ca suhuju ca assa.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Na kevalañca uju ca suhuju ca, apica pana <span class="bld">suvaco ca assa</span>. Yo hi puggalo ‘‘idaṃ na kattabba’’nti vutto ‘‘kiṃ te diṭṭhaṃ, kiṃ te sutaṃ, ko me sutvā vadasi, kiṃ upajjhāyo ācariyo sandiṭṭho sambhatto vā’’ti vadeti, tuṇhībhāvena vā taṃ viheseti, sampaṭicchitvā vā na tathā karoti, so visesādhigamassa dūre hoti. Yo pana ovadiyamāno ‘‘sādhu, bhante suṭṭhu vuttaṃ, attano vajjaṃ nāma <a name="P0.0240"></a> duddasaṃ hoti, punapi maṃ evarūpaṃ disvā vadeyyātha anukampaṃ upādāya, cirassaṃ me tumhākaṃ santikā ovādo laddho’’ti vadati, yathānusiṭṭhañca paṭipajjati, so visesādhigamassa avidūre hoti. Tasmā evaṃ parassa vacanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā karonto suvaco ca assa.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā <a name="M0.0205"></a> ca suvaco, evaṃ <span class="bld">mudu assa. Mudū</span>ti gahaṭṭhehi dūtagamanapahiṇagamanādīsu niyujjamāno tattha mudubhāvaṃ akatvā thaddho hutvā vattapaṭipattiyaṃ sakalabrahmacariye ca mudu assa suparikammakatasuvaṇṇaṃ viya tattha tattha viniyogakkhamo. Atha vā mudūti abhākuṭiko uttānamukho sukhasambhāso paṭisanthāravutti sutitthaṃ viya sukhāvagāho assa. Na kevalañca mudu, apica pana <span class="bld">anatimānī assa,</span> jātigottādīhi atimānavatthūhi pare nātimaññeyya, sāriputtatthero viya caṇḍālakumārakasamena cetasā vihareyyāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dutiyagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para2"></a><span class="paranum">2</span>. Evaṃ <a name="V0.0195"></a> bhagavā santaṃ padaṃ abhisamecca viharitukāmassa tadadhigamāya vā paṭipajjamānassa visesato āraññakassa bhikkhuno ekaccaṃ karaṇīyaṃ vatvā puna tatuttaripi vattukāmo <span class="bld">‘‘santussako cā’’</span>ti dutiyagāthamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha ‘‘santuṭṭhī ca kataññutā’’ti ettha vuttappabhedena dvādasavidhena santosena santussatīti <span class="bld">santussako</span>. Atha vā tussatīti tussako, sakena tussako, santena tussako, samena tussakoti santussako. Tattha <span class="bld">sakaṃ</span> nāma ‘‘piṇḍiyālopabhojanaṃ nissāyā’’ti evaṃ upasampadamaṇḍale uddiṭṭhaṃ attanā ca sampaṭicchitaṃ catupaccayajātaṃ, tena sundarena vā asundarena vā sakkaccaṃ vā asakkaccaṃ vā dinnena paṭiggahaṇakāle paribhogakāle ca vikāraṃ adassetvā yāpento ‘‘sakena tussako’’ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Santaṃ</span> nāma yaṃ laddhaṃ hoti attano ‘vijjamānaṃ<a name="P0.0241"></a>, tena santeneva tussanto tato paraṃ na patthento atricchataṃ pajahanto ‘‘santena tussako’’ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Samaṃ</span> nāma iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu anunayapaṭighappahānaṃ, tena samena sabbārammaṇesu tussanto ‘‘samena tussako’’ti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sukhena bharīyatīti <span class="bld">subharo,</span> suposoti vuttaṃ hoti. Yo hi bhikkhu manussehi sālimaṃsodanādīnaṃ patte pūretvā dinnepi dummukhabhāvaṃ anattamanabhāvameva ca dasseti, tesaṃ vā sammukhāva taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ ‘‘kiṃ tumhehi dinna’’nti apasādento sāmaṇeragahaṭṭhādīnaṃ deti, esa dubbharo. Etaṃ disvā manussā dūratova parivajjenti ‘‘dubbharo bhikkhu na sakkā posetu’’nti<a name="M0.0206"></a>. Yo pana yaṃ kiñci lūkhaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā appaṃ vā bahuṃ vā labhitvā attamano vippasannamukho hutvā yāpeti, esa subharo. Etaṃ disvā manussā ativiya vissatthā honti, ‘‘amhākaṃ bhadanto subharo, thokathokenāpi tussati, mayameva naṃ posessāmā’’ti paṭiññaṃ katvā posenti. Evarūpo idha subharoti adhippeto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Appaṃ kiccamassāti <span class="bld">appakicco,</span> na kammārāmatābhassārāmatāsaṅgaṇikārāmatādianekakiccabyāvaṭo, atha vā sakalavihāre navakammasaṅghaparibhogasāmaṇeraārāmikavosāsanādikiccavirahito, attano kesanakhacchedanapattacīvarakammādiṃ katvā samaṇadhammakiccaparo hotīti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sallahukā <a name="V0.0196"></a> vutti assāti <span class="bld">sallahukavutti</span>. Yathā ekacco bahubhaṇḍo bhikkhu disāpakkamanakāle bahuṃ pattacīvarapaccattharaṇatelaguḷādiṃ mahājanena sīsabhārakaṭibhārādīhi ubbahāpetvā pakkamati, evaṃ ahutvā yo appaparikkhāro hoti, pattacīvarādiaṭṭhasamaṇaparikkhāramattameva pariharati, disāpakkamanakāle pakkhī sakuṇo viya samādāyeva pakkamati<a name="P0.0242"></a>, evarūpo idha sallahukavuttīti adhippeto. Santāni indriyāni assāti <span class="bld">santindriyo,</span> iṭṭhārammaṇādīsu rāgādivasena anuddhatindriyoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Nipako</span>ti viññū vibhāvī paññavā, sīlānurakkhaṇapaññāya cīvarādivicāraṇapaññāya āvāsādisattasappāyaparijānanapaññāya ca samannāgatoti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Na pagabbhoti <span class="bld">appagabbho,</span> aṭṭhaṭṭhānena kāyapāgabbhiyena catuṭṭhānena vacīpāgabbhiyena anekena ṭhānena manopāgabbhiyena ca virahitoti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aṭṭhaṭṭhānaṃ kāyapāgabbhiyaṃ (mahāni. 87) nāma saṅghagaṇapuggalabhojanasālājantāgharanhānatitthabhikkhācāramaggaantaragharappavesanesu kāyena appatirūpakaraṇaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ – idhekacco saṅghamajjhe pallatthikāya vā nisīdati pāde pādamodahitvā vāti evamādi. Tathā gaṇamajjhe catuparisasannipāte, tathā vuḍḍhatare puggale. Bhojanasālāyaṃ pana vuḍḍhānaṃ āsanaṃ <a name="M0.0207"></a> na deti, navānaṃ āsanaṃ paṭibāhati. Tathā jantāghare, vuḍḍhe cettha anāpucchā aggijālanādīni karoti. Nhānatitthe ca yadidaṃ ‘‘daharo vuḍḍhoti pamāṇaṃ akatvā āgatapaṭipāṭiyā nhāyitabba’’nti vuttaṃ, tampi anādiyanto pacchā āgantvā udakaṃ otaritvā vuḍḍhe ca nave ca bādheti. Bhikkhācāramagge pana aggāsanaaggodakaaggapiṇḍatthaṃ vuḍḍhānaṃ purato purato yāti, bāhāya bāhaṃ paharanto. Antaragharappavesane vuḍḍhānaṃ paṭhamataraṃ pavisati, daharehi kāyakīḷanaṃ karotīti evamādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Catuṭṭhānaṃ vacīpāgabbhiyaṃ (mahāni. 87) nāma saṅghagaṇapuggalaantaragharesu appatirūpavācānicchāraṇaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ – idhekacco saṅghamajjhe anāpucchā dhammaṃ bhāsati, tathā pubbe vuttappakāre gaṇe <a name="P0.0243"></a> vuḍḍhatare puggale ca, tattha manussehi pañhaṃ puṭṭho vuḍḍhataraṃ anāpucchā vissajjeti, antaraghare pana ‘‘itthannāme kiṃ atthi, kiṃ yāgu udāhu khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā, kiṃ me dassasi, kiṃ ajja khādissāmi, kiṃ bhuñjissāmi, kiṃ pivissāmī’’ti evamādiṃ bhāsati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Anekaṭṭhānaṃ <a name="V0.0197"></a> manopāgabbhiyaṃ (mahāni. 87) nāma tesu tesu ṭhānesu kāyavācāhi ajjhācāraṃ anāpajjitvāpi manasā eva kāmavitakkādinānappakāraṃ appatirūpavitakkanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kulesvananugiddho</span>ti yāni tāni kulāni upasaṅkamati, tesu paccayataṇhāya vā ananulomikagihisaṃsaggavasena vā ananugiddho, na sahasokī, na sahanandī, na sukhitesu sukhito, na dukkhitesu dukkhito, na uppannesu kiccakaraṇīyesu attanā vā uyyogamāpajjitāti vuttaṃ hoti. Imissāya ca gāthāya yaṃ ‘‘suvaco cassā’’ti ettha vuttaṃ assāti vacanaṃ, taṃ sabbapadehi saddhiṃ santussako ca assa, subharo ca assāti evaṃ yojetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Tatiyagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para3"></a><span class="paranum">3</span>. Evaṃ bhagavā santaṃ padaṃ abhisamecca viharitukāmassa tadadhigamāya vā paṭipajjitukāmassa visesato āraññakassa bhikkhuno taduttaripi karaṇīyaṃ ācikkhitvā idāni akaraṇīyampi ācikkhitukāmo <span class="bld">‘‘na ca khuddamācare kiñci, yena viññū pare upavadeyyu’’</span>nti imaṃ upaḍḍhagāthamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassattho <a name="M0.0208"></a> – evamimaṃ karaṇīyaṃ karonto yaṃ taṃ kāyavacīmanoduccaritaṃ khuddaṃ lāmakanti vuccati, taṃ na ca khuddaṃ samācare, asamācaranto ca na kevalaṃ oḷārikaṃ, kintu kiñci na samācare, appamattakampi aṇumattakampi na samācareti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato tassa samācāre sandiṭṭhikamevādīnavaṃ dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘yena viññū pare upavadeyyu’’</span>nti. Ettha ca yasmā aviññū pare appamāṇaṃ. Te hi anavajjaṃ vā sāvajjaṃ karonti, appasāvajjaṃ vā mahāsāvajjaṃ. Viññū eva pana pamāṇaṃ. Te hi anuvicca pariyogāhetvā avaṇṇārahassa <a name="P0.0244"></a> avaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti, vaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Tasmā ‘‘viññū pare’’ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bhagavā imāhi aḍḍhateyyāhi gāthāhi santaṃ padaṃ abhisamecca viharitukāmassa tadadhigamāya vā paṭipajjitukāmassa visesato āraññakassa, āraññakasīsena ca sabbesampi kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā viharitukāmānaṃ karaṇīyākaraṇīyabhedaṃ kammaṭṭhānūpacāraṃ vatvā idāni tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ tassa devatābhayassa paṭighātāya parittatthaṃ vipassanāpādakajjhānavasena kammaṭṭhānatthañca <span class="bld">‘‘sukhinova khemino hontū’’</span>tiādinā nayena mettakathaṃ kathetumāraddho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="V0.0198"></a> <span class="bld">sukhino</span>ti sukhasampannā. <span class="bld">Khemino</span>ti khemavanto, abhayā nirupaddavāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Sabbe</span>ti anavasesā. <span class="bld">Sattā</span>ti pāṇino. <span class="bld">Sukhitattā</span>ti sukhitacittā. Ettha ca kāyikena sukhena sukhino, mānasena sukhitattā, tadubhayenāpi sabbabhayupaddavavigamena vā kheminoti veditabbo. Kasmā pana evaṃ vuttaṃ? Mettābhāvanākāradassanatthaṃ. Evañhi mettā bhāvetabbā ‘‘sabbe sattā sukhino hontū’’ti vā, ‘‘khemino hontū’’ti vā, ‘‘sukhitattā hontū’’ti vā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Catutthagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para4"></a><span class="paranum">4</span>. Evaṃ yāva upacārato appanākoṭi, tāva saṅkhepena mettābhāvanaṃ dassetvā idāni vitthāratopi taṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ye kecī’’</span>ti gāthādvayamāha. Atha vā yasmā puthuttārammaṇe paricitaṃ cittaṃ na ādikeneva ekatte saṇṭhāti ārammaṇappabhedaṃ pana anugantvā anugantvā kamena <a name="M0.0209"></a> saṇṭhāti, tasmā tassa tasathāvarādidukatikappabhede ārammaṇe anugantvā anugantvā saṇṭhānatthampi ‘‘ye kecī’’ti gāthādvayamāha. Atha vā yasmā yassa yaṃ ārammaṇaṃ vibhūtaṃ hoti, tassa tattha cittaṃ sukhaṃ <a name="P0.0245"></a> tiṭṭhati, tasmā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ yassa yaṃ vibhūtaṃ ārammaṇaṃ, tassa tattha cittaṃ saṇṭhāpetukāmo tasathāvarādidukatikārammaṇabhedadīpakaṃ ‘‘ye kecī’’ti imaṃ gāthādvayamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha hi tasathāvaradukaṃ diṭṭhādiṭṭhadukaṃ dūrasantikadukaṃ bhūtasambhavesidukanti cattāro duke, dīghādīhi ca chahi padehi majjhimapadassa tīsu aṇukapadassa ca dvīsu tikesu atthasambhavato dīgharassamajjhimatikaṃ mahantāṇukamajjhimatikaṃ thūlāṇukamajjhimatikanti tayo tike ca dīpeti. Tattha <span class="bld">ye kecī</span>ti anavasesavacanaṃ. Pāṇā eva bhūtā <span class="bld">pāṇabhūtā</span>. Atha vā pāṇantīti pāṇā, etena assāsapassāsappaṭibaddhe pañcavokārasatte gaṇhāti. Bhavantīti bhūtā, etena ekavokāracatuvokārasatte gaṇhāti. <span class="bld">Atthī</span>ti santi saṃvijjanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ye keci pāṇabhūtatthī’’</span>ti iminā vacanena dukatikehi saṅgahetabbe sabbasatte ekato dassetvā idāni sabbepi te <span class="bld">tasā vā thāvarā va navasesā</span>ti iminā dukena saṅgahetvā dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha tasantīti <span class="bld">tasā,</span> sataṇhānaṃ sabhayānañcetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Tiṭṭhantīti <span class="bld">thāvarā,</span> pahīnataṇhābhayānaṃ arahataṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Natthi tesaṃ avasesanti <span class="bld">anavasesā,</span> sabbepīti vuttaṃ <a name="V0.0199"></a> hoti. Yañca dutiyagāthāya ante vuttaṃ, taṃ sabbadukatikehi sambandhitabbaṃ ‘‘ye keci pāṇabhūtatthi tasā vā thāvarā vā anavasesā, imepi sabbe sattā bhavantu sukhitattā. Evaṃ yāva bhūtā vā sambhavesī vā, imepi sabbe sattā bhavantu sukhitattā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni dīgharassamajjhimāditikattayadīpakesu <span class="bld">dīghā vā</span>tiādīsu chasu padesu <span class="bld">dīghā</span>ti dīghattabhāvā nāgamacchagodhādayo. Anekabyāmasatappamāṇāpi hi mahāsamudde nāgānaṃ attabhāvā anekayojanappamāṇā ca macchagodhādīnaṃ attabhāvā honti. <span class="bld">Mahantā</span>ti mahantattabhāvā jale macchakacchapādayo, thale <a name="P0.0246"></a> hatthināgādayo, amanussesu dānavādayo<a name="M0.0210"></a>. Āha ca ‘‘rāhuggaṃ attabhāvīna’’nti (a. ni. 4.15). Tassa hi attabhāvo ubbedhena cattāri yojanasahassāni aṭṭha ca yojanasatāni, bāhū dvādasayojanasataparimāṇā, paññāsayojanaṃ bhamukantaraṃ, tathā aṅgulantarikā, hatthatalāni dve yojanasatānīti. <span class="bld">Majjhimā</span>ti assagoṇamahiṃsasūkarādīnaṃ attabhāvā. <span class="bld">Rassakā</span>ti tāsu tāsu jātīsu vāmanādayo dīghamajjhimehi omakappamāṇā sattā. <span class="bld">Aṇukā</span>ti maṃsacakkhussa agocarā dibbacakkhuvisayā udakādīsu nibbattā sukhumattabhāvā sattā ūkādayo vā. Apica ye tāsu tāsu jātīsu mahantamajjhimehi thūlamajjhimehi ca omakappamāṇā sattā, te aṇukāti veditabbā. <span class="bld">Thūlā</span>ti parimaṇḍalattabhāvā sippikasambukādayo sattā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pañcamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para5"></a><span class="paranum">5</span>. Evaṃ tīhi tikehi anavasesato satte dassetvā idāni <span class="bld">‘‘diṭṭhā vā ye va adiṭṭhā’’</span>tiādīhi tīhi dukehipi te saṅgahetvā dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">diṭṭhā</span>ti ye attano cakkhussa āpāthamāgatavasena diṭṭhapubbā. <span class="bld">Adiṭṭhā</span>ti ye parasamuddaparaselaparacakkavāḷādīsu ṭhitā. ‘‘Ye vā dūre vasanti avidūre’’ti iminā pana dukena attano attabhāvassa dūre ca avidūre ca vasante satte dasseti, te apadadvipadavasena veditabbā. Attano hi kāye vasantā sattā avidūre, bahikāye vasantā sattā dūre. Tathā antoupacāre vasantā avidūre, bahiupacāre vasantā dūre. Attano vihāre gāme janapade dīpe cakkavāḷe vasantā avidūre, paracakkavāḷe vasantā dūre vasantīti vuccanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhūtā</span>ti jātā abhinibbattā. Ye bhūtā eva, na puna bhavissantīti saṅkhyaṃ gacchanti, tesaṃ <a name="V0.0200"></a> khīṇāsavānaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Sambhavamesantīti <span class="bld">sambhavesī</span>. Appahīnabhavasaṃyojanattā āyatimpi <a name="P0.0247"></a> sambhavaṃ esantānaṃ sekhaputhujjanānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Atha vā catūsu yonīsu aṇḍajajalābujā sattā yāva aṇḍakosaṃ vatthikosañca na bhindanti, tāva sambhavesī nāma, aṇḍakosaṃ vatthikosañca bhinditvā bahi nikkhantā bhūtā nāma<a name="M0.0211"></a>. Saṃsedajā opapātikā ca paṭhamacittakkhaṇe sambhavesī nāma, dutiyacittakkhaṇato pabhuti bhūtā nāma. Yena vā iriyāpathena jāyanti, yāva tato aññaṃ na pāpuṇanti, tāva sambhavesī nāma, tato paraṃ bhūtāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Chaṭṭhagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para6"></a><span class="paranum">6</span>. Evaṃ bhagavā ‘‘sukhino vā’’tiādīhi aḍḍhateyyāhi gāthāhi nānappakārato tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ hitasukhāgamapatthanāvasena sattesu mettābhāvanaṃ dassetvā idāni ahitadukkhānāgamapatthanāvasenāpi taṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘na paro paraṃ nikubbethā’’</span>ti. Esa porāṇo pāṭho, idāni pana ‘‘paraṃ hī’’tipi paṭhanti, ayaṃ na sobhano.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">paro</span>ti parajano. <span class="bld">Para</span>nti parajanaṃ. Na <span class="bld">nikubbethā</span>ti na vañceyya. <span class="bld">Nātimaññethā</span>ti na atikkamitvā maññeyya. <span class="bld">Katthacī</span>ti katthaci okāse, gāme vā gāmakhette vā ñātimajjhe vā pūgamajjhe vātiādi. <span class="bld">Na</span>nti etaṃ. <span class="bld">Kañcī</span>ti yaṃ kañci khattiyaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā gahaṭṭhaṃ vā pabbajitaṃ vā sukhitaṃ vā dukkhitaṃ vātiādi. <span class="bld">Byārosanā paṭighasaññā</span>ti kāyavacīvikārehi byārosanāya ca manovikārena paṭighasaññāya ca. ‘‘Byārosanāya paṭighasaññāyā’’ti hi vattabbe ‘‘byārosanā paṭighasaññā’’ti vuccati, yathā ‘‘sammadaññāya vimuttā’’ti vattabbe ‘‘sammadaññā vimuttā’’ti, yathā ca ‘‘anupubbasikkhāya anupubbakiriyāya anupubbapaṭipadāyā’’ti vattabbe ‘‘anupubbasikkhā anupubbakiriyā anupubbapaṭipadā’’ti. <span class="bld">Nāññamaññassa dukkhamiccheyyā</span>ti aññamaññassa dukkhaṃ na iccheyya<a name="P0.0248"></a>. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Na kevalaṃ ‘‘sukhino vā khemino vā hontū’’tiādimanasikāravaseneva mettaṃ bhāveyya, kintu ‘‘ahovata yo koci parapuggalo yaṃ kañci parapuggalaṃ vañcanādīhi nikatīhi na nikubbetha, jātiādīhi ca navahi mānavatthūhi katthaci padese kañci parapuggalaṃ nātimaññeyya, aññamaññassa ca byārosanāya vā paṭighasaññāya vā dukkhaṃ na iccheyyā’’ti evampi manasikaronto bhāveyyāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Sattamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para7"></a><span class="paranum">7</span>. Evaṃ <a name="V0.0201"></a><a name="M0.0212"></a> ahitadukkhānāgamapatthanāvasena atthato mettābhāvanaṃ dassetvā idāni tameva upamāya dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘mātā yathā niyaṃputta’’</span>nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassattho – yathā mātā niyaṃ puttaṃ attani jātaṃ orasaṃ puttaṃ, tañca ekaputtameva āyusā anurakkhe, tassa dukkhāgamappaṭibāhanatthaṃ attano āyumpi cajitvā taṃ anurakkhe, evampi sabbabhūtesu idaṃ mettākhyaṃ mānasaṃ bhāvaye, punappunaṃ janaye vaḍḍhaye, tañca aparimāṇasattārammaṇavasena ekasmiṃ vā satte anavasesapharaṇavasena aparimāṇaṃ bhāvayeti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Aṭṭhamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para8"></a><span class="paranum">8</span>. Evaṃ sabbākārena mettābhāvanaṃ dassetvā idāni tasseva vaḍḍhanaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘mettañca sabbalokasmī</span>’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha mijjati tāyati cāti mitto, hitajjhāsayatāya siniyhati, ahitāgamato rakkhati cāti attho. Mittassa bhāvo <span class="bld">mettaṃ. Sabbalokasmī</span>ti anavasese sattaloke. Manasi bhavanti <span class="bld">mānasaṃ</span>. Tañhi cittasampayuttattā evaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Bhāvaye</span>ti vaḍḍhaye. Na assa parimāṇanti <span class="bld">aparimāṇaṃ,</span> appamāṇasattārammaṇatāya evaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Uddha</span>nti upari, tena arūpabhavaṃ gaṇhāti. <span class="bld">Adho</span>ti heṭṭhā, tena kāmabhavaṃ gaṇhāti. <span class="bld">Tiriya</span>nti vemajjhaṃ, tena rūpabhavaṃ gaṇhāti. <span class="bld">Asambādha</span>nti sambādhavirahitaṃ, bhinnasīmanti vuttaṃ hoti. Sīmā nāma paccatthiko vuccati, tasmimpi pavattanti attho. <span class="bld">Avera</span>nti veravirahitaṃ<a name="P0.0249"></a>, antarantarāpi veracetanāpātubhāvavirahitanti attho. <span class="bld">Asapatta</span>nti vigatapaccatthikaṃ. Mettāvihārī hi puggalo manussānaṃ piyo hoti, amanussānaṃ piyo hoti, nāssa koci paccatthiko hoti, tenassa taṃ mānasaṃ vigatapaccatthikattā asapattanti vuccati. Pariyāyavacanañhi etaṃ, yadidaṃ paccatthiko sapattoti. Ayaṃ anupadato <span class="bld">atthavaṇṇanā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ <a name="M0.0213"></a> panettha <span class="bld">adhippetatthadīpanā</span> – yadidaṃ ‘‘evampi sabbabhūtesu mānasaṃ bhāvaye aparimāṇa’’nti vuttaṃ, tañcetaṃ aparimāṇaṃ mettaṃ mānasaṃ sabbalokasmiṃ bhāvaye vaḍḍhaye, vuḍḍhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ gamaye pāpaye. Kathaṃ? Uddhaṃ adho ca tiriyañca, uddhaṃ yāva bhavaggā, adho <a name="V0.0202"></a> yāva avīcito, tiriyaṃ yāva avasesadisā. Uddhaṃ vā āruppaṃ, adho kāmadhātuṃ, tiriyaṃ rūpadhātuṃ anavasesaṃ pharanto. Evaṃ bhāventopi ca taṃ yathā asambādhaṃ averaṃ asapattañca hoti, tathā sambādhaverasapattānaṃ abhāvaṃ karonto bhāvaye. Yaṃ vā taṃ bhāvanāsampadaṃ pattaṃ sabbattha okāsalokavasena asambādhaṃ, attano paresu āghātappaṭivinayanena averaṃ, attani ca paresaṃ āghātavinayanena asapattaṃ hoti. Taṃ asambādhamaveramasapattaṃ aparimāṇaṃ mettaṃ mānasaṃ uddhaṃ adho tiriyañcāti tividhaparicchede sabbalokasmiṃ bhāvaye vaḍḍhayeti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Navamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para9"></a><span class="paranum">9</span>. Evaṃ mettābhāvanāya vaḍḍhanaṃ dassetvā idāni taṃ bhāvanamanuyuttassa viharato iriyāpathaniyamābhāvaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘tiṭṭhaṃ caraṃ…pe… adhiṭṭheyyā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassattho – evametaṃ mettaṃ mānasaṃ bhāvento so ‘‘nisīdati <a name="P0.0250"></a> pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāyā’’tiādīsu viya iriyāpathaniyamaṃ akatvā yathāsukhaṃ aññataraññatarairiyāpathabādhanavinodanaṃ karonto tiṭṭhaṃ vā caraṃ vā nisinno vā sayāno vā yāvatā vigatamiddho assa, atha etaṃ mettājhānasatiṃ adhiṭṭheyya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā evaṃ mettābhāvanāya vaḍḍhanaṃ dassetvā idāni vasībhāvaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘tiṭṭhaṃ cara’’</span>nti. Vasippatto hi tiṭṭhaṃ vā caraṃ vā nisinno vā sayāno vā yāvatā iriyāpathena etaṃ mettājhānasatiṃ adhiṭṭhātukāmo hoti, atha vā tiṭṭhaṃ vā caraṃ vā…pe… sayāno vāti na tassa ṭhānādīni antarāyakarāni honti, apica kho yāvatā etaṃ mettājhānasatiṃ adhiṭṭhātukāmo hoti, tāvatā vigatamiddho hutvā adhiṭṭhāti, natthi tassa tattha dandhāyitattaṃ. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘tiṭṭhaṃ caraṃ nisinno</span> va, sayāno yāvatāssa vitamiddho. Etaṃ satiṃ adhiṭṭheyyā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassāyamadhippāyo <a name="M0.0214"></a> – yaṃ taṃ ‘‘mettañca sabbalokasmi, mānasaṃ bhāvaye’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ yathā bhāveyya, yathā ṭhānādīsu yāvatā iriyāpathena ṭhānādīni vā anādiyitvā yāvatā etaṃ mettājhānasatiṃ adhiṭṭhātukāmo assa, tāvatā vigatamiddhova hutvā etaṃ satiṃ adhiṭṭheyyāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ mettābhāvanāya vasībhāvaṃ dassento ‘‘etaṃ satiṃ adhiṭṭheyyā’’ti tasmiṃ mettāvihāre niyojetvā idāni taṃ vihāraṃ thunanto āha <span class="bld">‘‘brahmametaṃ vihāramidhamāhū’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassattho <a name="V0.0203"></a> – yvāyaṃ ‘‘sukhino vā khemino vā hontū’’tiādi katvā yāva ‘‘etaṃ satiṃ adhiṭṭheyyā’’ti vaṇṇito mettāvihāro. Etaṃ catūsu dibbabrahmaariyairiyāpathavihāresu niddosattā attanopi paresampi atthakarattā ca idha ariyassa dhammavinaye brahmavihāramāhu <a name="P0.0251"></a> seṭṭhavihāramāhūti, yato satataṃ samitaṃ abbokiṇṇaṃ tiṭṭhaṃ caraṃ nisinno vā sayāno vā yāvatāssa vigatamiddho, etaṃ satiṃ adhiṭṭheyyāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dasamagāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para10"></a><span class="paranum">10</span>. Evaṃ bhagavā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ nānappakārato mettābhāvanaṃ dassetvā idāni yasmā mettā sattārammaṇattā attadiṭṭhiyā āsannā hoti, tasmā diṭṭhigahananisedhanamukhena tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ tadeva mettājhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā ariyabhūmippattiṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘diṭṭhiñca anupaggammā’’</span>ti imāya gāthāya desanaṃ samāpesi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassattho – yvāyaṃ ‘‘brahmametaṃ vihāramidhamāhū’’ti saṃvaṇṇito mettājhānavihāro, tato vuṭṭhāya ye tattha vitakkavicārādayo dhammā, te tesañca vatthādianusārena rūpadhamme pariggahetvā iminā nāmarūpaparicchedena ‘‘suddhasaṅkhārapuñjoyaṃ, nayidha sattūpalabbhatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 1.171; mahāni. 186) evaṃ diṭṭhiñca anupaggamma anupubbena lokuttarasīlena sīlavā hutvā lokuttarasīlasampayutteneva sotāpattimaggasammādiṭṭhisaññitena dassanena sampanno, tato paraṃ yopāyaṃ vatthukāmesu gedho kilesakāmo appahīno hoti, tampi sakadāgāmianāgāmimaggehi tanubhāvena anavasesappahānena <a name="M0.0215"></a> ca kāmesu gedhaṃ vineyya vinayitvā vūpasametvā <span class="bld">na hi jātu gabbhaseyyaṃ puna reti</span> ekaṃseneva puna gabbhaseyyaṃ na eti. Suddhāvāsesu nibbattitvā tattheva arahattaṃ pāpuṇitvā parinibbātīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bhagavā desanaṃ samāpetvā te bhikkhū āha – ‘‘gacchatha, bhikkhave, tasmiṃyeva vanasaṇḍe viharatha, imañca suttaṃ māsassa aṭṭhasu dhammassavanadivasesu ghaṇḍiṃ ākoṭetvā ussāretha, dhammakathaṃ karotha sākacchatha anumodatha, idameva kammaṭṭhānaṃ āsevatha bhāvetha <a name="P0.0252"></a> bahulīkarotha, tepi vo amanussā taṃ bheravārammaṇaṃ na dassessanti, aññadatthu atthakāmā hitakāmā bhavissantī’’ti. Te ‘‘sādhū’’ti bhagavato paṭissuṇitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tattha gantvā tathā akaṃsu. Devatāyo ca ‘‘bhadantā amhākaṃ atthakāmā hitakāmā’’ti pītisomanassajātā hutvā sayameva senāsanaṃ sammajjanti, uṇhodakaṃ paṭiyādenti<a name="V0.0204"></a>, piṭṭhiparikammaṃ pādaparikammaṃ karonti, ārakkhaṃ saṃvidahanti. Tepi bhikkhū tameva mettaṃ bhāvetvā tameva ca pādakaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā sabbe tasmiṃyeva antotemāse aggaphalaṃ arahattaṃ pāpuṇitvā mahāpavāraṇāya visuddhipavāraṇaṃ pavāresunti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evampi atthakusalena tathāgatena,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Dhammissarena kathitaṃ karaṇīyamatthaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Katvānubhuyya paramaṃ hadayassa santiṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Santaṃ padaṃ abhisamenti samattapaññā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā hi taṃ amatamabbhutamariyakantaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Santaṃ padaṃ abhisamecca viharitukāmo;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Viññū jano vimalasīlasamādhipaññā-</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhedaṃ kareyya satataṃ karaṇīyamatthanti.</p>
<p class="centered">Paramatthajotikāya khuddakapāṭha-aṭṭhakathāya</p>
<p class="centered">Mettasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Nigamanakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā <a name="M0.0216"></a> ca yaṃ vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Uttamaṃ vandaneyyānaṃ, vanditvā ratanattayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Khuddakānaṃ karissāmi, kesañci atthavaṇṇana’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha saraṇasikkhāpadadvattiṃsākārakumārapañhamaṅgalasuttaratanasuttatirokuṭṭanidhikaṇḍamettasuttavasena navappabhedassa <span class="bld">khuddakapāṭhassa</span> tāva atthavaṇṇanā katā hoti. Tenetaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Imaṃ <a name="V0.0205"></a><a name="P0.0253"></a> khuddakapāṭhassa, karontenatthavaṇṇanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Saddhammaṭṭhitikāmena, yaṃ pattaṃ kusalaṃ mayā.</p>
<p class="gatha3">Tassānubhāvato khippaṃ, dhamme ariyappavedite;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ, pāpuṇātu ayaṃ jano’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paramavisuddhasaddhābuddhivīriyaguṇappaṭimaṇḍitena sīlācārajjavamaddavādiguṇasamudayasamuditena sakasamayasamayantaragahanajjhogāhaṇasamatthena paññāveyyattiyasamannāgatena tipiṭakapariyattidhammappabhede sāṭṭhakathe satthusāsane appaṭihatañāṇappabhāvena chamahāveyyākaraṇenachamahāveyyākaraṇena karaṇasampattijanitasukhaviniggatamadhurodāravacanalāvaṇṇayuttena yuttamuttavādinā vādīvarena mahākavinā chaḷabhiññāpaṭisambhidādippabhedaguṇappaṭimaṇḍite uttarimanussadhamme suppatiṭṭhitabuddhīnaṃ theravaṃsappadīpānaṃ therānaṃ mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ vaṃsālaṅkārabhūtena vipulavisuddhabuddhinā <span class="bld">buddhaghoso</span>ti garūhi gahitanāmadheyyena therena katā ayaṃ <span class="bld">paramatthajotikā</span> nāma khuddakapāṭhavaṇṇanā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tāva tiṭṭhatu lokasmiṃ, lokanittharaṇesinaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dassentī kulaputtānaṃ, nayaṃ sīlādisuddhiyā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yāva buddhoti nāmampi, suddhacittassa tādino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Lokamhi lokajeṭṭhassa, pavattati mahesinoti.</p>
<p class="centered">Paramatthajotikāya khuddaka-aṭṭhakathāya</p>
<p class="centered">Khuddakapāṭhavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
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