iapt-platform
/
mint
-ын хуулбар https://github.com/iapt-platform/mint.git


			
				
					
						
						
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<p class="centered"> Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa</p>
<p class="nikaya">Dīghanikāye</p>
<p class="book">Sīlakkhandhavaggaabhinavaṭīkā</p>
<p class="subsubhead">Ganthārambhakathā</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yo <a name="M1.0001"></a><a name="V1.0001"></a> desetvāna saddhammaṃ, gambhīraṃ duddasaṃ varaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dīghadassī ciraṃ kālaṃ, patiṭṭhāpesi sāsanaṃ.1.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vineyyajjhāsaye chekaṃ, mahāmatiṃ mahādayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Natvāna taṃ sasaddhammagaṇaṃ gāravabhājanaṃ.2.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saṅgītittayamāruḷhā, dīghāgamavarassa yā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saṃvaṇṇanā yā ca tassā, vaṇṇanā sādhuvaṇṇitā. 3.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Ācariyadhammapāla</span>- <a name="V1.0002"></a> ttherenevābhisaṅkhatā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sammā nipuṇagambhīra-duddasatthappakāsanā.4.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kāmañca sā tathābhūtā, paramparābhatā pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pāṭhato atthato cāpi, bahuppamādalekhanā.5.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saṅkhepattā ca sotūhi, sammā ñātuṃ sudukkarā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā sabrahmacārīnaṃ, yācanaṃ samanussaraṃ.6.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yo’nekasetanāgindo, rājā nānāraṭṭhissaro;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sāsanasodhane daḷhaṃ, sadā ussāhamānaso.7.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Taṃ nissāya ‘‘mamesopi, satthusāsanajotane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Appeva nāmupatthambho, bhaveyyā’’ti vicintayaṃ.8.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vaṇṇanaṃ <a name="M1.0002"></a> ārabhissāmi, sādhippāyamahāpayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atthaṃ tamupanissāya, aññañcāpi yathārahaṃ.9.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Cakkābhivuḍḍhikāmānaṃ, dhīrānaṃ cittatosanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Sādhuvilāsiniṃ</span> nāma, taṃ suṇātha samāhitāti. 10.</p>
<p class="subsubhead">Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nānānayanipuṇagambhīravicitrasikkhattayasaṅgahassa buddhānubuddhasaṃvaṇṇitassa saddhāvahaguṇasampannassa dīghāgamavarassa gambhīraduranubodhatthadīpakaṃ saṃvaṇṇanamimaṃ karonto sakasamayasamayantaragahanajjhogāhanasamattho mahāveyyākaraṇoyamācariyo saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayapaṇāmapayojanādividhānāni karonto paṭhamaṃ tāva ratanattayapaṇāmaṃ kātuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘karuṇāsītalahadaya’’</span>ntiādimāha. Ettha ca saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇappayojanaṃ tattha tattha bahudhā papañcenti ācariyā. Tathā hi vaṇṇayanti –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Saṃvaṇṇanārambhe <a name="V1.0003"></a> satthari paṇāmakaraṇaṃ dhammassa svākkhātabhāvena satthari pasādajananatthaṃ, satthu ca avitathadesanabhāvappakāsanena dhamme pasādajananatthaṃ. Tadubhayappasādā hi mahato atthassa siddhi hotī’’ti (dha. sa. ṭī. 1-1).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā ‘‘ratanattayapaṇāmavacanaṃ attano ratanattayappasādassa viññāpanatthaṃ, taṃ pana viññūnaṃ cittārādhanatthaṃ, taṃ aṭṭhakathāya gāhaṇatthaṃ, taṃ sabbasampattinipphādanattha’’nti. Atha vā ‘‘saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayavandanā saṃvaṇṇetabbassa dhammassa pabhavanissayavisuddhipaṭivedanatthaṃ, taṃ pana dhammasaṃvaṇṇanāsu viññūnaṃ bahumānuppādanatthaṃ, taṃ sammadeva tesaṃ uggahaṇadhāraṇādikkamaladdhabbāya sammāpaṭipattiyā sabbahitasukhanipphādanattha’’nti. Atha vā ‘‘maṅgalabhāvato, sabbakiriyāsu pubbakiccabhāvato, paṇḍitehi samācaritabhāvato, āyatiṃ paresaṃ diṭṭhānugatiāpajjanato ca saṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ ratanattayapaṇāmakiriyā’’ti. Atha vā ‘‘catugambhīrabhāvayuttaṃ dhammavinayaṃ saṃvaṇṇetukāmassa mahāsamuddaṃ ogāhantassa viya paññāveyyattiyasamannāgatassāpi mahantaṃ bhayaṃ sambhavati, bhayakkhayāvahañcetaṃ ratanattayaguṇānussaraṇajanitaṃ <a name="M1.0003"></a> paṇāmapūjāvidhānaṃ, tato ca saṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ ratanattayapaṇāmakiriyā’’ti. Atha vā ‘‘asattharipi satthābhinivesassa lokassa yathābhūtaṃ satthari eva sammāsambuddhe satthusambhāvanatthaṃ, asatthari ca satthusambhāvanapariccajāpanatthaṃ, ‘tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā attano dahatī’ti (pārā. 195) ca vuttadosapariharaṇatthaṃ saṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ paṇāmakiriyā’’ti. Atha vā ‘‘buddhassa bhagavato paṇāmavidhānena sammāsambuddhabhāvādhigamāya buddhayānaṃ paṭipajjantānaṃ ussāhajananatthaṃ, saddhammassa ca paṇāmavidhānena paccekabuddhabhāvādhigamāya paccekabuddhayānaṃ paṭipajjantānaṃ ussāhajananatthaṃ, saṅghassa ca paṇāmavidhānena paramatthasaṅghabhāvādhigamāya sāvakayānaṃ paṭipajjantānaṃ ussāhajananatthaṃ saṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ paṇāmakiriyā’’ti. Atha vā ‘‘maṅgalādikāni satthāni anantarāyāni, ciraṭṭhitikāni, bahumatāni ca bhavantīti evaṃladdhikānaṃ cittaparitosanatthaṃ saṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ paṇāmakiriyā’’ti. Atha vā ‘‘sotujanānaṃ yathāvuttapaṇāmena anantarāyena uggahaṇadhāraṇādinipphādanatthaṃ saṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ paṇāmakiriyā. Sotujanānuggahameva hi padhānaṃ katvā ācariyehi saṃvaṇṇanārambhe thutipaṇāmaparidīpakāni vākyāni nikkhipīyanti, itarathā vināpi taṃ nikkhepaṃ kāyamanopaṇāmeneva yathādhippetappayojanasiddhito kimetena ganthagāravakaraṇenā’’ti ca evamādinā. Mayaṃ pana idhādhippetameva payojanaṃ dassayissāma, tasmā saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇaṃ yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanatthanti veditabbaṃ. Idameva ca payojanaṃ ācariyena idhādhippetaṃ. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘iti me pasannamatino <a name="V1.0004"></a> …pe… tassānubhāvenā’’ti. Ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇañhi yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanatthaṃ ratanattayapūjāya paññāpāṭavabhāvato, tāya ca paññāpāṭavaṃ rāgādimalavidhamanato. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Yasmiṃ mahānāma samaye ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na dosapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hotī’’tiādi (a. ni. 6.10; a. ni. 11.11).</p>
<p class="unindented">Tasmā <a name="M1.0004"></a> ratanattayapūjāya vikkhālitamalāya paññāya pāṭavasiddhi. Atha vā ratanattayapūjāya paññāpadaṭṭhānasamādhihetuttā paññāpāṭavaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ujugatacitto kho pana mahānāma ariyasāvako labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammopasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedayati, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyatī’’ti (a. ni. 6.10; a. ni. 11.11).</p>
<p class="unindented">Samādhissa ca paññāya padaṭṭhānabhāvo ‘‘samāhito yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.5; 4.99; 5.1071; netti. 40; peṭako. 66; mi. pa. 14) vuttoyeva. Tato evaṃ paṭubhūtāya paññāya khedamabhibhuyya paṭiññātaṃ saṃvaṇṇanaṃ samāpayissati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇañhi…pe… paññāpāṭavabhāvato’’ti. Atha vā ratanattayapūjāya āyuvaṇṇasukhabalavaḍḍhanato anantarāyena parisamāpanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Ratanattayapaṇāmena hi āyuvaṇṇasukhabalāni vaḍḍhanti. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Abhivādanasīlissa, niccaṃ vuḍḍhāpacāyino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Cattāro dhammā vaḍḍhanti, āyu vaṇṇo sukhaṃ bala’’nti. (dha. pa. 109);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato āyuvaṇṇasukhabalavuddhiyā hotveva kāriyaniṭṭhānanti vuttaṃ ‘‘ratanattayapūjāya āyu…pe… veditabba’’nti. Atha vā ratanattayapūjāya paṭibhānāparihānāvahattā anantarāyena parisamāpanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Aparihānāvahā hi ratanattayapūjā. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Sattime <a name="V1.0005"></a> bhikkhave, aparihānīyā dhammā, katame satta? Satthugāravatā, dhammagāravatā, saṅghagāravatā, sikkhāgāravatā, samādhigāravatā, kalyāṇamittatā, sovacassatā’’ti (a. ni. 7.34) tato paṭibhānāparihānena hotveva yathāpaṭiññātaparisamāpananti vuttaṃ ‘‘ratanattaya…pe… veditabba’’nti. Atha vā pasādavatthūsu pūjāya puññātisayabhāvato anantarāyena parisamāpanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Puññātisayā hi pasādavatthūsu pūjā. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pūjārahe <a name="M1.0005"></a> pūjayato, buddhe yadiva sāvake;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Papañcasamatikkante, tiṇṇasokapariddave.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Te tādise pūjayato, nibbute akutobhaye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na sakkā puññaṃ saṅkhātuṃ, imettamapi kenacī’’ti. (khu. pā. 196; apa. 1.10.2);</p>
<p class="unindented">Puññātisayo ca yathādhippetaparisamāpanupāyo. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Esa devamanussānaṃ, sabbakāmadado nidhi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yaṃ yadevābhipatthenti, sabbametena labbhatī’’ti. (khu. pā. 8.10);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Upāyesu ca paṭipannassa hotveva kāriyaniṭṭhānanti vuttaṃ ‘‘pasādavatthūsu…pe… veditabba’’nti. Evaṃ ratanattayapūjā niratisayapuññakkhettasambuddhiyā aparimeyyappabhāvo puññātisayoti bahuvidhantarāyepi lokasannivāse antarāyanibandhanasakalasaṃkilesaviddhaṃsanāya pahoti, bhayādiupaddavañca nivāreti. Tasmā suvuttaṃ ‘‘saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇaṃ yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanatthanti veditabba’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ pana sapayojanaṃ ratanattayapaṇāmaṃ kattukāmo buddharatanamūlakattā sesaratanānaṃ paṭhamaṃ tassa paṇāmaṃ kātumāha – <span class="bld">‘‘karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ…pe… gativimutta’’</span>nti. Buddharatanamūlakāni hi dhammasaṅgharatanāni, tesu ca dhammaratanamūlakaṃ saṅgharatanaṃ, tathābhāvo ca ‘‘puṇṇacando viya bhagavā, candakiraṇanikaro viya tena desito dhammo, candakiraṇasamuppāditapīṇito loko viya saṅgho’’ti evamādīhi aṭṭhakathāyamāgataupamāhi vibhāvetabbo. Atha vā sabbasattānaṃ aggoti katvā paṭhamaṃ buddho, tappabhavato, tadupadesitato ca tadanantaraṃ dhammo, tassa dhammassa sādhāraṇato<a name="V1.0006"></a>, tadāsevanato ca tadanantaraṃ saṅgho vutto. ‘‘Sabbasattānaṃ vā hite viniyojakoti katvā paṭhamaṃ buddho, sabbasattahitattā tadanantaraṃ dhammo, hitādhigamāya paṭipanno adhigatahito cāti katvā tadanantaraṃ saṅgho vutto’’ti aṭṭhakathāgatanayena anupubbatā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Buddharatanapaṇāmañca <a name="M1.0006"></a> karonto kevalapaṇāmato thomanāpubbaṅgamovasātisayoti <span class="bld">‘‘karuṇāsītalahadaya’’</span>ntiādipadehi thomanāpubbaṅgamataṃ dasseti. Thomanāpubbaṅgamena hi paṇāmena satthu guṇātisayayogo, tato cassa anuttaravandanīyabhāvo, tena ca attano paṇāmassa khettaṅgatabhāvo, tena cassa khettaṅgatassa paṇāmassa yathādhippetanipphattihetubhāvo dassitoti. Thomanāpubbaṅgamatañca dassento yassā saṃvaṇṇanaṃ kattukāmo, sā suttantadesanā karuṇāpaññāppadhānāyeva, na vinayadesanā viya karuṇāppadhānā, nāpi abhidhammadesanā viya paññāppadhānāti tadubhayappadhānameva thomanamārabhati. Esā hi ācariyassa pakati, yadidaṃ ārambhānurūpathomanā. Teneva ca vinayadesanāya saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ‘‘yo kappakoṭīhipi…pe… mahākāruṇikassa tassā’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. ganthārambhakathā) karuṇāppadhānaṃ, abhidhammadesanāya saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ‘‘karuṇā viya…pe… yathārucī’’ti (dha. sa. aṭṭha. 1) paññāppadhānañca thomanamāraddhaṃ. Vinayadesanā hi āsayādinirapekkhakevalakaruṇāya pākatikasattenāpi asotabbārahaṃ suṇanto, apucchitabbārahaṃ pucchanto, avattabbārahañca vadanto sikkhāpadaṃ paññapesīti karuṇāppadhānā. Tathā hi ukkaṃsapariyantagatahirottappopi bhagavā lokiyasādhujanehipi pariharitabbāni ‘‘sikharaṇī, sambhinnā’’tiādivacanāni, (pārā. 185) yathāparādhañca garahavacanāni mahākaruṇāsañcoditamānaso mahāparisamajjhe abhāsi, taṃtaṃsikkhāpadapaññatti kāraṇāpekkhāya ca verañjādīsu sārīrikaṃ khedamanubhosi. Tasmā kiñcāpi bhūmantarapaccayākārasamayantarakathānaṃ viya vinayapaññattiyāpi samuṭṭhāpikā paññā anaññasādhāraṇatāya atisayakiccavatī, karuṇāya kiccaṃ pana tatopi adhikanti vinayadesanāya karuṇāppadhānatā vuttā. Karuṇābyāpārādhikatāya hi desanāya karuṇāpadhānatā, abhidhammadesanā pana kevalapaññāppadhānā paramatthadhammānaṃ yathāsabhāvapaṭivedhasamatthāya paññāya tattha sātisayappavattito. Suttantadesanā pana karuṇāpaññāppadhānā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ āsayānusayādhimutticaritādibhedaparicchindanasamatthāya paññāya sattesu ca mahākaruṇāya tattha sātisayappavattito. Suttantadesanāya hi mahākaruṇāya samāpattibahulo vineyyasantāne tadajjhāsayānulomena <a name="M1.0007"></a> gambhīramatthapadaṃ patiṭṭhapesi. Tasmā ārambhānurūpaṃ karuṇāpaññāppadhānameva thomanaṃ katanti veditabbaṃ, ayamettha samudāyattho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ <a name="V1.0007"></a> pana avayavattho – kiratīti <span class="bld">karuṇā,</span> paradukkhaṃ vikkhipati paccayavekallakaraṇena apanetīti attho. Dukkhitesu vā kiriyati pasāriyatīti <span class="bld">karuṇā.</span> Atha vā kiṇātīti <span class="bld">karuṇā,</span> paradukkhe sati kāruṇikaṃ hiṃsati vibādhati, paradukkhaṃ vā vināsetīti attho. Paradukkhe sati sādhūnaṃ kampanaṃ hadayakhedaṃ karotīti vā <span class="bld">karuṇā.</span> Atha vā kamiti sukhaṃ, taṃ rundhatīti <span class="bld">karuṇā.</span> Esā hi paradukkhāpanayanakāmatālakkhaṇā attasukhanirapekkhatāya kāruṇikānaṃ sukhaṃ rundhati vibandhatīti, sabbattha saddasatthānusārena padanipphatti veditabbā. Uṇhābhitattehi sevīyatīti sītaṃ, uṇhābhisamanaṃ. Taṃ lāti gaṇhātīti <span class="bld">sītalaṃ,</span> ‘‘cittaṃ vā te khipissāmi, hadayaṃ vā te phālessāmī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 1.246; su. ni. āḷavakasutta) ettha uro ‘‘hadaya’’nti vuttaṃ, ‘‘vakkaṃ hadaya’’nti (ma. ni. 1.110; 2.114; 3.154) ettha hadayavatthu, ‘‘hadayā hadayaṃ maññe aññāya tacchatī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.63) ettha cittaṃ, idhāpi cittameva abbhantaraṭṭhena <span class="bld">hadayaṃ.</span> Attano sabhāvaṃ vā haratīti <span class="bld">hadayaṃ,</span> ra-kārassa da-kāraṃ katvāti neruttikā. Karuṇāya sītalaṃ hadayamassāti karuṇāsītalahadayo, taṃ <span class="bld">karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ. </span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Kāmañcettha paresaṃ hitopasaṃhārasukhādiaparihānijjhānasabhāvatāya, byāpādādīnaṃ ujuvipaccanīkatāya ca sattasantānagatasantāpavicchedanākārappavattiyā mettāmuditānampi cittasītalabhāvakāraṇatā upalabbhati, tathāpi paradukkhāpanayanākārappavattiyā parūpatāpāsahanarasā avihiṃsābhūtā karuṇāva visesena bhagavato cittassa cittapassaddhi viya sītibhāvanimittanti tassāyeva cittasītalabhāvakāraṇatā vuttā. Karuṇāmukhena vā mettāmuditānampi hadayasītalabhāvakāraṇatā vuttāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Na hi sabbattha niravasesattho upadisīyati, padhānasahacaraṇāvinābhāvādinayehipi yathālabbhamānaṃ gayhamānattā. Apicettha taṃsampayuttañāṇassa chaasādhāraṇañāṇapariyāpannatāya asādhāraṇañāṇavisesanibandhanabhūtā sātisayaṃ, niravasesañca sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ <a name="M1.0008"></a> viya savisayabyāpitāya mahākaruṇābhāvamupagatā anaññasādhāraṇasātisayabhāvappattā karuṇāva hadayasītalattahetubhāvena vuttā. Atha vā satipi mettāmuditānaṃ paresaṃ hitopasaṃhārasukhādiaparihānijjhānasabhāvatāya sātisaye hadayasītalabhāvanibandhanatte sakalabuddhaguṇavisesakāraṇatāya tāsampi kāraṇanti karuṇāya eva hadayasītalabhāvakāraṇatā vuttā. Karuṇānidānā hi sabbepi buddhaguṇā. Karuṇānubhāvanibbāpiyamānasaṃsāradukkhasantāpassa hi bhagavato paradukkhāpanayanakāmatāya anekānipi kappānamasaṅkhyeyyāni akilantarūpasseva niravasesabuddhakaradhammasambharaṇaniratassa samadhigatadhammādhipateyyassa ca sannihitesupi sattasaṅghātasamupanītahadayūpatāpanimittesu na īsakampi <a name="V1.0008"></a> cittasītibhāvassa aññathattamahosīti. Tīsu cettha vikappesu paṭhame vikappe avisesabhūtā buddhabhūmigatā, dutiye tatheva mahākaruṇābhāvūpagatā, tatiye paṭhamābhinīhārato paṭṭhāya tīsupi avatthāsu pavattā bhagavato karuṇā saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pajānātīti <span class="bld">paññā,</span> yathāsabhāvaṃ pakārehi paṭivijjhatīti attho. Paññapetīti vā <span class="bld">paññā,</span> taṃ tadatthaṃ pākaṭaṃ karotīti attho. Sāyeva ñeyyāvaraṇappahānato pakārehi dhammasabhāvajotanaṭṭhena pajjototi <span class="bld">paññāpajjoto.</span> Paññavato hi ekapallaṅkenapi nisinnassa dasasahassilokadhātu ekapajjotā hoti. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave, pajjotā. Katame cattāro? Candapajjoto, sūriyapajjoto, aggipajjoto, paññāpajjoto, ime kho bhikkhave, cattāro pajjotā. Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave, imesaṃ catunnaṃ pajjotānaṃ yadidaṃ paññāpajjoto’’ti (a. ni. 4.145). Tena vihato visesena samugghāṭitoti <span class="bld">paññāpajjotavihato,</span> visesatā cettha upari āvi bhavissati. Muyhanti tena, sayaṃ vā muyhati, muyhanamattameva vā tanti <span class="bld">moho,</span> avijjā. Sveva visayasabhāvapaṭicchādanato andhakārasarikkhatāya tamo viyāti <span class="bld">mohatamo.</span> Satipi tamasaddassa sadisakappanamantarena avijjāvācakatte mohasaddasannidhānena tabbisesakatāvettha yuttāti sadisakappanā. Paññāpajjotavihato mohatamo <a name="M1.0009"></a> yassāti paññāpajjotavihatamohatamo, taṃ <span class="bld">paññāpajjotavihatamohatamaṃ.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca sabbesampi khīṇāsavānaṃ paññāpajjotena avijjandhakārahatatā sambhavati, atha kasmā aññasādhāraṇāvisesaguṇena bhagavato thomanā vuttāti? Savāsanappahānena anaññasādhāraṇavisesatāsambhavato. Sabbesampi hi khīṇāsavānaṃ paññāpajjotahatāvijjandhakārattepi sati saddhādhimuttehi viya diṭṭhippattānaṃ sāvakapaccekabuddhehi sammāsambuddhānaṃ savāsanappahānena kilesappahānassa viseso vijjatevāti. Atha vā paropadesamantarena attano santāne accantaṃ avijjandhakāravigamassa nipphāditattā (nibbattitattā ma. ni. ṭī. 1.1), tattha ca sabbaññutāya balesu ca vasībhāvassa samadhigatattā, parasantatiyañca dhammadesanātisayānubhāvena sammadeva tassa pavattitattā, bhagavāyeva visesato paññāpajjotavihatamohatamabhāvena thometabboti. Imasmiñca atthavikappe paññāpajjotapadena sasantānagatamohavidhamanā paṭivedhapaññā ceva parasantānagatamohavidhamanā desanāpaññā ca sāmaññaniddesena, ekasesanayena vā saṅgahitā. Na tu purimasmiṃ atthavikappe viya paṭivedhapaññāyevāti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo <a name="V1.0009"></a> nayo – bhagavato ñāṇassa ñeyyapariyantikattā sakalañeyyadhammasabhāvāvabodhanasamatthena anāvaraṇañāṇasaṅkhātena paññāpajjotena sakalañeyyadhammasabhāvacchādakamohatamassa vihatattā anāvaraṇañāṇabhūtena anaññasādhāraṇapaññāpajjotavihatamohatamabhāvena bhagavato thomanā veditabbā. Imasmiṃ pana atthavikappe mohatamavidhamanante adhigatattā anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ kāraṇūpacārena sakasantāne mohatamavidhamananti veditabbaṃ. Abhinīhārasampattiyā savāsanappahānameva hi kilesānaṃ ñeyyāvaraṇappahānanti, parasantāne pana mohatamavidhamanassa kāraṇabhāvato phalūpacārena anāvaraṇañāṇameva mohatamavidhamananti vuccati. <span class="bld">Anāvaraṇañāṇa</span>nti ca sabbaññutaññāṇameva, yena dhammadesanāpaccavekkhaṇāni karoti. Tadidañhi ñāṇadvayaṃ atthato ekameva. Anavasesasaṅkhatāsaṅkhatasammutidhammārammaṇatāya sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ <a name="M1.0010"></a> tatthāvaraṇābhāvato nissaṅgacāramupādāya anāvaraṇañāṇanti, visayappavattimukhena pana aññehi asādhāraṇabhāvadassanatthaṃ dvidhā katvā chaḷāsādhāraṇañāṇabhede vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiṃ panettha kāraṇaṃ avijjāsamugghātoyeveko pahānasampattivasena bhagavato thomanāya gayhati, na pana sātisayaṃ niravasesakilesappahānanti? Vuccate – tappahānavacaneneva hi tadekaṭṭhatāya sakalasaṃkilesasamugghātassa jotitabhāvato niravasesakilesappahānamettha gayhati. Na hi so saṃkileso atthi, yo niravasesāvijjāsamugghātanena na pahīyatīti. Atha vā sakalakusaladhammuppattiyā, saṃsāranivattiyā ca vijjā viya niravasesākusaladhammuppattiyā, saṃsārappavattiyā ca avijjāyeva padhānakāraṇanti tabbighātavacaneneva sakalasaṃkilesasamugghātavacanasiddhito soyeveko gayhatīti. Atha vā sakalasaṃkilesadhammānaṃ muddhabhūtattā avijjāya taṃ samugghātoyeveko gayhati. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Avijjā muddhāti jānāhi, vijjā muddhādhipātinī;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saddhāsatisamādhīhi, chandavīriyena saṃyutā’’ti. (su. ni. 1032; cūḷa. ni. 51);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sanarāmaralokagaru</span>nti ettha pana paṭhamapakatiyā avibhāgena sattopi naroti vuccati, idha pana dutiyapakatiyā manujapurisoyeva, itarathā lokasaddassa avattabbatā siyā. ‘‘Yathā hi paṭhamapakatibhūto satto itarāya pakatiyā seṭṭhaṭṭhena pure uccaṭṭhāne seti pavattatīti <span class="bld">puriso</span>ti vuccati, evaṃ jeṭṭhabhāvaṃ netīti <span class="bld">naro</span>ti. Puttabhātubhūtopi hi puggalo mātujeṭṭhabhaginīnaṃ pituṭṭhāne <a name="V1.0010"></a> tiṭṭhati, pageva bhattubhūto itarāsa’’nti (vi. aṭṭha. 43-46) nāvāvimānavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttaṃ. Ekasesappakappanena puthuvacanantaviggahena vā narā, maraṇaṃ maro, so natthi yesanti <span class="bld">amarā,</span> saha narehi, amarehi cāti <span class="bld">sanarāmaro.</span>Garati uggacchati uggato pākaṭo bhavatīti<span class="bld"> garu,</span> garasaddo hi uggame. Apica pāsāṇacchattaṃ viya bhāriyaṭṭhena ‘‘garū’’ti vuccati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Mātāpitācariyesu<a name="M1.0011"></a>, dujjare alahumhi ca;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Mahante cuggate ceva, nichekādikaresu ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tathā vaṇṇavisesesu, <span class="bld">garu</span>saddo pavattati.</p>
<p class="unindented">Idha pana sabbalokācariye tathāgate. Keci pana ‘‘garu, gurūti ca dvidhā gahetvā bhāriyavācakatte garusaddo, ācariyavācakatte tu gurusaddo’’ti vadanti, taṃ na gahetabbaṃ. Pāḷivisaye hi sabbesampi yathāvuttānamatthānaṃ vācakatte garusaddoyevicchitabbo akārassa ākārabhāvena ‘‘gārava’’nti taddhitantapadassa savuddhikassa dassanato. Sakkatabhāsāvisaye pana gurusaddoyevicchitabbo ukārassa vuddhibhāvena aññathā taddhitantapadassa dassanatoti. Sanarāmaro ca so loko cāti sanarāmaraloko, tassa garūti tathā, taṃ <span class="bld">sanarāmaralokagaruṃ.</span> <span class="bld">‘‘Sanaramarūlokagaru’’</span>ntipi paṭhanti, tadapi ariyāgāthattā vuttilakkhaṇato, atthato ca yuttameva. Atthato hi dīghāyukāpi samānā yathāparicchedaṃ maraṇasabhāvattā marūti devā vuccanti. Etena devamanussānaṃ viya tadavasiṭṭhasattānampi yathārahaṃ guṇavisesāvahatāya bhagavato upakārakataṃ dasseti. Nanu cettha devamanussā padhānabhūtā, atha kasmā tesaṃ appadhānatā niddisīyatīti? Atthato padhānatāya gahetabbattā. Añño hi saddakkamo, añño atthakkamoti saddakkamānusārena padhānāpadhānabhāvo na codetabbo. Edisesu hi samāsapadesu padhānampi appadhānaṃ viya niddisīyati yathā taṃ ‘‘sarājikāya parisāyā’’ti, tasmā sabbattha atthatova adhippāyo gavesitabbo, na byañjanamattena. Yathāhu porāṇā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Atthañhi nātho saraṇaṃ avoca,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Na byañjanaṃ lokahito mahesi.</p>
<p class="gatha3">Tasmā akatvā ratimakkharesu,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atthe niveseyya matiṃ matimā’’ti. (kaṅkhā. aṭṭha. paṭhamapārājikakaṇḍavaṇṇanā);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kāmañcettha <a name="V1.0011"></a> sattasaṅkhārabhājanavasena tividho loko, garubhāvassa pana adhippetattā garukaraṇasamatthasseva yujjanato sattalokavasena attho gahetabbo. So hi lokīyanti ettha puññāpuññāni<a name="M1.0012"></a>, tabbipāko cāti <span class="bld">loko,</span> dassanatthe ca lokasaddamicchanti saddavidū. Amaraggahaṇena cettha upapattidevā adhippetā. Aparo nayo – samūhattho ettha lokasaddo samudāyavasena lokīyati paññāpīyatīti katvā. Saha narehīti <span class="bld">sanarā,</span> teyeva amarāti <span class="bld">sanarāmarā,</span> tesaṃ loko tathā, purimanayeneva yojetabbaṃ. Amarasaddena cettha upapattidevā viya visuddhidevāpi saṅgayhanti. Tepi hi paramatthato maraṇābhāvato <span class="bld">amarā.</span> Imasmiṃ pana atthavikappe narāmarānameva gahaṇaṃ ukkaṭṭhaniddesavasena yathā ‘‘satthā devamanussāna’’nti (dī. ni. 1.157, 255). Tathā hi sabbānatthaparihānapubbaṅgamāya niravasesahitasukhavidhānatapparāya niratisayāya payogasampattiyā, sadevamanussāya pajāya accantamupakāritāya aparimitanirupamappabhāvaguṇasamaṅgitāya ca sabbasattuttamo bhagavā aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ uttamamanaññasādhāraṇaṃ gāravaṭṭhānanti. Kāmañca itthīnampi tathāupakārattā bhagavā garuyeva, padhānabhūtaṃ pana lokaṃ dassetuṃ purisaliṅgena vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Neruttikā pana avisesanicchitaṭṭhāne tathā niddiṭṭhamicchanti yathā ‘‘narā nāgā ca gandhabbā, abhivādetvāna pakkamu’’nti (apa. 1.1.48). Tathā cāhu –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Napuṃsakena liṅgena, saddodāhu pumena vā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Niddissatīti ñātabbamavisesavinicchite’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vande</span>ti ettha pana –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vattamānāya pañcamyaṃ, sattamyañca vibhattiyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Etesu tīsu ṭhānesu, <span class="bld">vande</span>saddo pavattati.</p>
<p class="unindented">Idha pana vattamānāyaṃ aññāsamasambhavato. Tattha ca uttamapurisavasenattho gahetabbo ‘‘ahaṃ vandāmī’’ti. Namanathutiyatthesu ca vandasaddamicchanti ācariyā, tena ca sugatapadaṃ, nāthapadaṃ vā ajjhāharitvā yojetabbaṃ. Sobhanaṃ gataṃ gamanaṃ etassāti <span class="bld">sugato.</span> Gamanañcettha kāyagamanaṃ, ñāṇagamanañca, kāyagamanampi vineyyajanopasaṅkamanaṃ, pakatigamanañcāti dubbidhaṃ. Bhagavato hi vineyyajanopasaṅkamanaṃ ekantena tesaṃ hitasukhanipphādanato <a name="M1.0013"></a> sobhanaṃ, tathā lakkhaṇānubyañjanapaṭimaṇḍitarūpakāyatāya dutavilambitakhalitānukaḍḍhananippīḷanukkuṭika-kuṭilākulatādidosarahita- mavahasitarājahaṃsa- <a name="V1.0012"></a> vasabhavāraṇamigarājagamanaṃ pakatigamanañca, vimalavipulakaruṇāsativīriyādiguṇavisesasahitampi ñāṇagamanaṃ abhinīhārato paṭṭhāya yāva mahābodhi, tāva niravajjatāya sobhanamevāti. Atha vā ‘‘sayambhūñāṇena sakalampi lokaṃ pariññābhisamayavasena parijānanto sammā gato avagatoti <span class="bld">sugato. </span> Yo hi gatyattho, so buddhayattho. Yo ca buddhayattho, so gatyatthoti. Tathā lokasamudayaṃ pahānābhisamayavasena pajahanto anuppattidhammatamāpādento sammā gato atītoti <span class="bld">sugato.</span> Lokanirodhaṃ sacchikiriyābhisamayavasena sammā gato adhigatoti sugato. Lokanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ bhāvanābhisamayavasena sammā gato paṭipannoti <span class="bld">sugato,</span> ayañcattho ‘sotāpattimaggena ye kilesā pahīnā, te kilese na puneti na pacceti na paccāgacchatī’ti (mahāni. 38; cūḷani. 27) <span class="bld">sugato</span>tiādinā niddesanayena vibhāvetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo nayo – sundaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ, nibbānameva vā gato adhigatoti <span class="bld">sugato.</span> Bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ yathārahaṃ kālayuttameva vācaṃ vineyyānaṃ sammā gadatīti vā <span class="bld">sugato,</span> da-kārassa ta-kāraṃ katvā, taṃ <span class="bld">sugataṃ.</span> Puññāpuññakammehi upapajjanavasena gantabbāti <span class="bld">gatiyo,</span> upapattibhavavisesā. Tā pana nirayādibhedena pañcavidhā, sakalassāpi bhavagāmikammassa ariyamaggādhigamena avipākārahabhāvakaraṇena nivattitattā pañcahipi tāhi visaṃyutto hutvā muttoti <span class="bld">gativimutto.</span> Uddhamuddhabhavagāmino hi devā taṃtaṃkammavipākadānakālānurūpena tato tato bhavato muttāpi muttamattāva, na pana visaññogavasena muttā, gatipariyāpannā ca taṃtaṃbhavagāmikammassa ariyamaggena anivattitattā, na tathā bhagavā. Bhagavā pana yathāvuttappakārena visaṃyutto hutvā muttoti. Tasmā anena bhagavato katthacipi gatiyā apariyāpannataṃ dasseti. Yato ca bhagavā ‘‘devātidevo’’ti vuccati. Tenevāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yena <a name="M1.0014"></a> devūpapatyassa, gandhabbo vā vihaṅgamo;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Yakkhattaṃ yena gaccheyyaṃ, manussattañca abbaje;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Te mayhaṃ āsavā khīṇā, viddhastā vinaḷīkatā’’ti. (a. ni. 4.36);</p>
<p class="unindented">Taṃtaṃgatisaṃvattanakānañhi kammakilesānaṃ mahābodhimūleyeva aggamaggena pahīnattā natthi bhagavato taṃtaṃgatipariyāpannatāti accantameva bhagavā sabbabhavayonigativiññāṇaṭṭhitisattāvāsasattanikāyehi parimuttoti. Atha vā kāmaṃ saupādisesāyapi nibbānadhātuyā tāhi gatīhi <a name="V1.0013"></a> vimutto, esā pana ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti etthevantogadhāti iminā padena anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyāva thometīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana attahitasampattiparahitapaṭipattivasena dvīhākārehi bhagavato thomanā katā hoti. Tesu anāvaraṇañāṇādhigamo, saha vāsanāya kilesānamaccantappahānaṃ, anupādisesanibbānappatti ca attahitasampatti nāma, lābhasakkārādinirapekkhacittassa pana sabbadukkhaniyyānikadhammadesanāpayogato devadattādīsupi viruddhasattesu niccaṃ hitajjhāsayatā, vinītabbasattānaṃ ñāṇaparipākakālāgamanañca āsayato parahitapaṭipatti nāma. Sā pana āsayapayogato duvidhā, parahitapaṭipatti tividhā ca attahitasampatti imāya gāthāya yathārahaṃ pakāsitā hoti. ‘‘Karuṇāsītalahadaya’’nti hi etena āsayato parahitapaṭipatti, sammā gadanatthena sugatasaddena payogato parahitapaṭipatti. ‘‘Paññāpajjotavihatamohatamaṃ gativimutta’’nti etehi, catusaccapaṭivedhatthena ca sugatasaddena tividhāpi attahitasampatti, avasiṭṭhaṭṭhena pana tena, ‘‘sanarāmaralokagaru’’nti ca etena sabbāpi attahitasampatti, parahitapaṭipatti ca pakāsitā hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā hetuphalasattūpakāravasena tīhākārehi thomanā katā. Tattha <span class="bld">hetu</span> nāma mahākaruṇāsamāyogo, bodhisambhārasambharaṇañca, tadubhayampi paṭhamapadena yathārutato, sāmatthiyato ca pakāsitaṃ. <span class="bld">Phalaṃ</span> pana ñāṇappahānaānubhāvarūpakāyasampadāvasena catubbidhaṃ<a name="M1.0015"></a>. Tattha sabbaññutañāṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ maggañāṇaṃ, tammūlakāni ca dasabalādiñāṇāni ñāṇasampadā, savāsanasakalasaṃkilesānamaccantamanuppādadhammatāpādanaṃ pahānasampadā, yathicchitanipphādane ādhipaccaṃ ānubhāvasampadā, sakalalokanayanābhisekabhūtā pana lakkhaṇānubyañjanapaṭimaṇḍitā attabhāvasampatti rūpakāyasampadā. Tāsu ñāṇappahānasampadā dutiyapadena, saccapaṭivedhatthena ca sugatasaddena pakāsitā, ānubhāvasampadā tatiyapadena, rūpakāyasampadā sobhanakāyagamanatthena sugatasaddena lakkhaṇānubyañjanapāripūriyā vinā tadabhāvato. Yathāvuttā duvidhāpi parahitapaṭipatti <span class="bld">sattūpakārasampadā,</span> sā pana sammā gadanatthena sugatasaddena pakāsitāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica imāya gāthāya sammāsambodhi tammūla – tappaṭipattiyādayo aneke buddhaguṇā ācariyena pakāsitā honti. Esā hi ācariyānaṃ pakati, yadidaṃ yena kenaci pakārena atthantaraviññāpanaṃ. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Karuṇāsītalahadaya’’nti hi etena sammāsambodhiyā mūlaṃ dasseti<a name="V1.0014"></a>. Mahākaruṇāsañcoditamānaso hi bhagavā saṃsārapaṅkato sattānaṃ samuddharaṇatthaṃ katābhinīhāro anupubbena pāramiyo pūretvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhimadhigatoti karuṇā sammāsambodhiyā mūlaṃ. ‘‘Paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti etena sammāsambodhiṃ dasseti. Sabbaññutañāṇapadaṭṭhānañhi aggamaggañāṇaṃ, aggamaggañāṇapadaṭṭhānañca sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ ‘‘sammāsambodhī’’ti vuccati. Sammā gamanatthena sugatasaddena sammāsambodhiyā paṭipattiṃ dasseti līnuddhaccapatiṭṭhānāyūhanakāmasukhattakilamathānuyogasassatucchedābhinivesādiantadvayarahitāya karuṇāpaññāpariggahitāya majjhimāya paṭipattiyā pakāsanato, itarehi sammāsambodhiyā padhānāppadhānappabhedaṃ payojanaṃ dasseti. Saṃsāramahoghato sattasantāraṇañhettha padhānaṃ, tadaññamappadhānaṃ. Tesu ca padhānena payojanena parahitapaṭipattiṃ dasseti, itarena attahitasampattiṃ, tadubhayena ca attahitapaṭipannādīsu catūsu puggalesu bhagavato catutthapuggalabhāvaṃ pakāseti. Tena ca anuttaraṃ dakkhiṇeyyabhāvaṃ, uttamañca vandanīyabhāvaṃ, attano ca vandanāya khettaṅgatabhāvaṃ vibhāveti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica karuṇāggahaṇena lokiyesu mahaggatabhāvappattāsādhāraṇaguṇadīpanato sabbalokiyaguṇasampatti dassitā, paññāggahaṇena sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānamaggañāṇadīpanato <a name="M1.0016"></a> sabbalokuttaraguṇasampatti. Tadubhayaggahaṇasiddho hi attho ‘‘sanarāmaralokagaru’’ntiādinā vipañcīyatīti. Karuṇāggahaṇena ca nirupakkilesamupagamanaṃ dasseti, paññāggahaṇena apagamanaṃ. Tathā karuṇāggahaṇena lokasamaññānurūpaṃ bhagavato pavattiṃ dasseti lokavohāravisayattā karuṇāya, paññāggahaṇena lokasamaññāya anatidhāvanaṃ. Sabhāvānavabodhena hi dhammānaṃ sabhāvaṃ atidhāvitvā sattādiparāmasanaṃ hoti. Tathā karuṇāggahaṇena mahākaruṇāsamāpattivihāraṃ dasseti, paññāggahaṇena tīsu kālesu appaṭihatañāṇaṃ, catusaccañāṇaṃ, catupaṭisambhidāñāṇaṃ, catuvesārajjañāṇaṃ, karuṇāggahaṇena mahākaruṇāsamāpattiñāṇassa gahitattā sesāsādhāraṇañāṇāni, cha abhiññā, aṭṭhasu parisāsu akampanañāṇāni, dasa balāni, cuddasa buddhaguṇā, soḷasa ñāṇacariyā, aṭṭhārasa buddhadhammā, catucattārīsa ñāṇavatthūni, sattasattati ñāṇavatthūnīti evamādīnaṃ anekesaṃ paññāpabhedānaṃ vasena ñāṇacāraṃ dasseti. Tathā karuṇāggahaṇena caraṇasampattiṃ, paññāggahaṇena vijjāsampattiṃ. Karuṇāggahaṇena attādhipatitā, paññāggahaṇena dhammādhipatitā. Karuṇāggahaṇena lokanāthabhāvo, paññāggahaṇena attanāthabhāvo. Tathā karuṇāggahaṇena pubbakārībhāvo, paññāggahaṇena kataññutā. Karuṇāggahaṇena aparantapatā, paññāggahaṇena anattantapatā. Karuṇāggahaṇena vā buddhakaradhammasiddhi, paññāggahaṇena buddhabhāvasiddhi. Tathā karuṇāggahaṇena parasantāraṇaṃ, paññāggahaṇena <a name="V1.0015"></a> attasantāraṇaṃ. Tathā karuṇāggahaṇena sabbasattesu anuggahacittatā, paññāggahaṇena sabbadhammesu virattacittatā dassitā hoti sabbesañca buddhaguṇānaṃ karuṇā ādi tannidānabhāvato, paññā pariyosānaṃ tato uttari karaṇīyābhāvato. Iti ādipariyosānadassanena sabbe buddhaguṇā dassitā honti. Tathā karuṇāggahaṇena sīlakkhandhapubbaṅgamo samādhikkhandho dassito hoti. Karuṇānidānañhi sīlaṃ tato pāṇātipātādiviratippavattito, sā ca jhānattayasampayoginīti, paññāvacanena paññākkhandho. Sīlañca sabbabuddhaguṇānaṃ ādi, samādhi majjhe, paññā pariyosānanti evampi ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇā sabbe buddhaguṇā dassitā honti nayato dassitattā. Eso eva hi niravasesato buddhaguṇānaṃ dassanupāyo, yadidaṃ nayaggāhaṇaṃ, aññathā ko <a name="M1.0017"></a> nāma samattho bhagavato guṇe anupadaṃ niravasesato dassetuṃ. Tenevāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Buddhopi buddhassa bhaṇeyya vaṇṇaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Kappampi ce aññamabhāsamāno.</p>
<p class="gatha3">Khīyetha kappo ciradīghamantare,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vaṇṇo na khīyetha tathāgatassā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Teneva ca āyasmatā sāriputtattherenāpi buddhaguṇaparicchedanaṃ pati bhagavatā anuyuttena ‘‘no hetaṃ bhante’’ti paṭikkhipitvā ‘‘api ca me bhante dhammanvayo vidito’’ti <span class="bld">sampasādanīyasutte</span> vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ saṅkhepena sakalasabbaññuguṇehi bhagavato thomanāpubbaṅgamaṃ paṇāmaṃ katvā idāni saddhammassāpi thomanāpubbaṅgamaṃ paṇāmaṃ karonto <span class="bld">‘‘buddhopī’’</span>tiādimāha. Tatthāyaṃ saha padasambandhena saṅkhepattho – yathāvuttavividhaguṇagaṇasamannāgato <span class="bld">buddhopi yaṃ</span> ariyamaggasaṅkhātaṃ <span class="bld">dhammaṃ,</span> saha pubbabhāgapaṭipattidhammena vā ariyamaggabhūtaṃ <span class="bld">dhammaṃ bhāvetvā ceva</span> yaṃ phalanibbānasaṅkhātaṃ dhammaṃ, pariyattidhammapaṭipattidhammehi vā saha phalanibbānabhūtaṃ dhammaṃ <span class="bld">sacchikatvā ca</span> sammāsambodhisaṅkhātaṃ buddhabhāvamupagato, vītamalamanuttaraṃ taṃ dhammampi vandeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha buddhasaddassa tāva ‘‘bujjhitā saccānīti <span class="bld">buddho.</span> Bodhetā pajāyāti <span class="bld">buddho’’</span>tiādinā niddesanayena attho veditabbo. Atha vā aggamaggañāṇādhigamena savāsanāya sammohaniddāya accantavigamanato, aparimitaguṇagaṇālaṅkatasabbaññutaññāṇappattiyā vikasitabhāvato <a name="V1.0016"></a> ca buddhavāti <span class="bld">buddho</span> jāgaraṇavikasanatthavasena. Atha vā kassacipi ñeyyadhammassa anavabuddhassa abhāvena ñeyyavisesassa kammabhāvāgahaṇato kammavacanicchāyābhāvena avagamanatthavasena kattuniddesova labbhati, tasmā buddhavāti <span class="bld">buddho</span>tipi vattabbo. Padesaggahaṇe hi asati gahetabbassa nippadesatāva viññāyati yathā ‘‘dikkhito na dadātī’’ti. Evañca katvā kammavisesānapekkhā kattari eva buddhasaddasiddhi veditabbā, atthato <a name="M1.0018"></a> pana pāramitāparibhāvito sayambhuñāṇena saha vāsanāya vihataviddhastaniravasesakilesomahākaruṇāsabbaññutaññāṇādiaparimeyyaguṇagaṇādhāro khandhasantāno buddho, yathāha –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Buddhoti yo so bhagavā sayambhū anācariyako pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhi, tattha ca sabbaññutaṃ patto, balesu ca vasībhāva’’nti (mahāni. 192; cūḷani. 97; paṭi. ma. 161).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Api</span>saddo sambhāvane, tena evaṃ guṇavisesayutto sopi nāma bhagavā īdisaṃ dhammaṃ bhāvetvā, sacchikatvā ca buddhabhāvamupagato, kā nāma kathā aññesaṃ sāvakādibhāvamupagamaneti dhamme sambhāvanaṃ dīpeti. <span class="bld">Buddhabhāva</span>nti sammāsambodhiṃ. Yena hi nimittabhūtena sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānena aggamaggañāṇena, aggamaggañāṇapadaṭṭhānena ca sabbaññutaññāṇena bhagavati ‘‘buddho’’ti nāmaṃ, tadārammaṇañca ñāṇaṃ pavattati, tamevidha ‘‘bhāvo’’ti vuccati. Bhavanti buddhisaddā etenāti hi <span class="bld">bhāvo.</span> Tathā hi vadanti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yena yena nimittena, buddhi saddo ca vattate;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Taṃtaṃnimittakaṃ bhāvapaccayehi udīrita’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhāvetvā</span>ti uppādetvā, vaḍḍhetvā vā. <span class="bld">Sacchikatvā</span>ti paccakkhaṃ katvā. <span class="bld">Ceva</span>-saddo <span class="bld">ca</span>-saddo ca tadubhayattha samuccaye. Tena hi saddadvayena na kevalaṃ bhagavā dhammassa bhāvanāmattena buddhabhāvamupagato, nāpi sacchikiriyāmattena, atha kho tadubhayenevāti samuccinoti. <span class="bld">Upagato</span>ti patto, adhigatoti attho. Etassa ‘‘buddhabhāva’’nti padena sambandho. <span class="bld">Vītamala</span>nti ettha virahavasena eti pavattatīti vīto, malato vīto, vītaṃ vā malaṃ yassāti vītamalo, taṃ <span class="bld">vītamalaṃ. ‘‘Gatamala’’</span>ntipi pāṭho dissati, evaṃ sati saupasaggo viya anupasaggopi gatasaddo virahatthavācako veditabbo dhātūnamanekatthattā. Gacchati apagacchatīti hi gato, dhammo<a name="V1.0017"></a>. Gataṃ vā malaṃ, purimanayena samāso. <span class="bld">Anuttara</span>nti uttaravirahitaṃ. Yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāne apāyato, saṃsārato ca apatamāne katvā dhāretīti <span class="bld">dhammo,</span> navavidho lokuttaradhammo. Tappakāsanattā, sacchikiriyāsammasanapariyāyassa ca labbhamānattā pariyattidhammopi idha saṅgahito<a name="M1.0019"></a>. Tathā hi ‘‘abhidhammanayasamuddaṃ adhigacchi, tīṇi piṭakāni sammasī’’ti ca aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ, tathā ‘‘yaṃ dhammaṃ bhāvetvā sacchikatvā’’ti ca vuttattā bhāvanāsacchikiriyāyogyatāya buddhakaradhammabhūtāhi pāramitāhi saha pubbabhāgaadhisīlasikkhādayopi idha saṅgahitāti veditabbā. Tāpi hi vigatapaṭipakkhatāya vītamalā, anaññasādhāraṇatāya anuttarā ca. Kathaṃ pana tā bhāvetvā, sacchikatvā ca bhagavā buddhabhāvamupagatoti? Vuccate – sattānañhi saṃsāravaṭṭadukkhanissaraṇāya [nissaraṇatthāya (paṇṇāsa ṭī.) nissaraṇe (katthaci)] katamahābhinīhāro mahākaruṇādhivāsanapesalajjhāsayo paññāvisesapariyodātanimmalānaṃ dānadamasaññamādīnaṃ uttamadhammānaṃ kappānaṃ satasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni sakkaccaṃ nirantaraṃ niravasesaṃ bhāvanāsacchikiriyāhi kammādīsu adhigatavasībhāvo acchariyācinteyyamahānubhāvo adhisīlādhicittānaṃ paramukkaṃsapāramippatto bhagavā paccayākāre catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassamukhena mahāvajirañāṇaṃ pesetvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhisaṅkhātaṃ buddhabhāvamupagatoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imāya pana gāthāya vijjāvimuttisampadādīhi anekehi guṇehi yathārahaṃ saddhammaṃ thometi. Kathaṃ? Ettha hi ‘‘bhāvetvā’’ti etena vijjāsampadāya thometi, ‘‘sacchikatvā’’ti etena vimuttisampadāya. Tathā paṭhamena jhānasampadāya, dutiyena vimokkhasampadāya. Paṭhamena vā samādhisampadāya, dutiyena samāpattisampadāya. Atha vā paṭhamena khayañāṇabhāvena, dutiyena anuppādañāṇabhāvena. Paṭhamena vā vijjūpamatāya, dutiyena vajirūpamatāya. Paṭhamena vā virāgasampattiyā, dutiyena nirodhasampattiyā. Tathā paṭhamena niyyānabhāvena, dutiyena nissaraṇabhāvena. Paṭhamena vā hetubhāvena, dutiyena asaṅkhatabhāvena. Paṭhamena vā dassanabhāvena, dutiyena vivekabhāvena. Paṭhamena vā adhipatibhāvena, dutiyena amatabhāvena dhammaṃ thometi. Atha vā ‘‘yaṃ dhammaṃ bhāvetvā buddhabhāvaṃ upagato’’ti etena svākkhātatāya dhammaṃ thometi, ‘‘sacchikatvā’’ti etena sandiṭṭhikatāya. Tathā paṭhamena akālikatāya, dutiyena ehipassikatāya. Paṭhamena vā opaneyyikatāya, dutiyena paccattaṃveditabbatāya. Paṭhamena vā saha pubbabhāgasīlādīhi sekkhehi sīlasamādhipaññākkhandhehi<a name="M1.0020"></a>, dutiyena saha asaṅkhatadhātuyā asekkhehi dhammaṃ thometi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Vītamala’’nti <a name="V1.0018"></a> iminā pana saṃkilesābhāvadīpanena visuddhatāya dhammaṃ thometi, ‘‘anuttara’’nti etena aññassa visiṭṭhassa abhāvadīpanena paripuṇṇatāya. Paṭhamena vā pahānasampadāya, dutiyena sabhāvasampadāya. Paṭhamena vā bhāvanāphalayogyatāya. Bhāvanāguṇena hi so saṃkilesamalasamugghātako, tasmānena bhāvanākiriyāya phalamāha. Dutiyena sacchikiriyāphalayogyatāya. Taduttarikaraṇīyābhāvato hi anaññasādhāraṇatāya anuttarabhāvo sacchikiriyānibbattito, tasmānena sacchikiriyāphalamāhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ saṅkhepeneva sabbasaddhammaguṇehi saddhammassāpi thomanāpubbaṅgamaṃ paṇāmaṃ katvā idāni ariyasaṅghassāpi thomanāpubbaṅgamaṃ paṇāmaṃ karonto <span class="bld">‘‘sugatassa orasāna’’</span>ntiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">sugatassā</span>ti sambandhaniddeso, ‘‘puttāna’’nti etena sambajjhitabbo. Urasi bhavā, jātā, saṃvuddhā vā <span class="bld">orasā,</span> attajo khettajo antevāsiko dinnakoti catubbidhesu puttesu attajā, taṃsarikkhatāya pana ariyapuggalā ‘‘orasā’’ti vuccanti. Yathā hi manussānaṃ orasaputtā attajātatāya pitusantakassa dāyajjassa visesabhāgino honti, evametepi saddhammasavanante ariyāya jātiyā jātatāya bhagavato santakassa vimuttisukhassa dhammaratanassa ca dāyajjassa visesabhāginoti. Atha vā bhagavato dhammadesanānubhāvena ariyabhūmiṃ okkamamānā, okkantā ca ariyasāvakā bhagavato ure vāyāmajanitābhijātatāya sadisakappanamantarena nippariyāyeneva ‘‘orasā’’ti vattabbatamarahanti. Tathā hi te bhagavatā āsayānusayacariyādhimuttiādiolokanena, vajjānucintanena ca hadaye katvā vajjato nivāretvā anavajje patiṭṭhāpentena sīlādidhammasarīraposanena saṃvaḍḍhāpitā. Yathāha bhagavā <span class="bld">itivuttake</span> ‘‘ahamasmi bhikkhave brāhmaṇo…pe… tassa me tumhe puttā orasā mukhato jātā’’tiādi (itivu. 100). Nanu sāvakadesitāpi desanā ariyabhāvāvahāti? Saccaṃ, sā pana tammūlikattā, lakkhaṇādivisesābhāvato ca ‘‘bhagavato dhammadesanā’’ <a name="M1.0021"></a> icceva saṅkhyaṃ gatā, tasmā bhagavato orasaputtabhāvoyeva tesaṃ vattabboti, etena catubbidhesu puttesu ariyasaṅghassa attajaputtabhāvaṃ dasseti. Attano kulaṃ punenti sodhenti, mātāpitūnaṃ vā hadayaṃ pūrentīti <span class="bld">puttā,</span> attajādayo. Ariyā pana dhammatantivisodhanena, dhammānudhammapaṭipattiyā cittārādhanena ca tappaṭibhāgatāya bhagavato <span class="bld">puttā</span> nāma, tesaṃ. Tassa ‘‘samūha’’nti padena sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Saṃkilesanimittaṃ hutvā guṇaṃ māreti vibādhatīti <span class="bld">māro,</span> devaputtamāro. Sināti pare bandhati etāyāti <span class="bld">senā,</span> mārassa senā tathā, mārañca mārasenañca mathenti vilothentīti <span class="bld">mārasenamathanā</span><a name="V1.0019"></a>, tesaṃ. ‘‘Māramārasenamathanāna’’nti hi vattabbepi ekadesasarūpekasesavasena evaṃ vuttaṃ. Mārasaddasannidhānena vā senāsaddena mārasenā gahetabbā, gāthābandhavasena cettha rasso. <span class="bld">‘‘Mārasenamaddanāna’’</span>ntipi katthaci pāṭho, so ayuttova ariyājātikattā imissā gāthāya. Nanu ca ariyasāvakānaṃ maggādhigamasamaye bhagavato viya tadantarāyakaraṇatthaṃ devaputtamāro vā mārasenā vā na apasādeti, atha kasmā evaṃ vuttanti? Apasādetabbabhāvakāraṇassa vimathitattā. Tesañhi apasādetabbatāya kāraṇe saṃkilese vimathite tepi vimathitā nāma hontīti. Atha vā khandhābhisaṅkhāramārānaṃ viya devaputtamārassāpi guṇamāraṇe sahāyabhāvūpagamanato kilesabalakāyo idha ‘‘mārasenā’’ti vuccati yathāha bhagavā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kāmā te paṭhamā senā, dutiyā arati vuccati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tatiyā khuppipāsā te, catutthī taṇhā pavuccati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pañcamaṃ thinamiddhaṃ te, chaṭṭhā bhīrū pavuccati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sattamī vicikicchā te, makkho thambho te aṭṭhamo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Lābho siloko sakkāro,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Micchāladdho ca yo yaso;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Yo cattānaṃ samukkaṃse,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pare ca avajānati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Esā <a name="M1.0022"></a> namuci te senā, kaṇhassābhippahārinī;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na naṃ asūro jināti, jetvā ca labhate sukha’’nti. (su. ni. 438; mahāni. 28; cūḷani. 47);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sā ca tehi ariyasāvakehi diyaḍḍhasahassabhedā, anantabhedā vā kilesavāhinī satidhammavicayavīriyasamathādiguṇapaharaṇīhi odhiso mathitā, viddhaṃsitā, vihatā ca, tasmā ‘‘mārasenamathanā’’ti vuccanti. Vilothanañcettha viddhaṃsanaṃ, vihananaṃ vā. Apica khandhābhisaṅkhāramaccudevaputtamārānaṃ tesaṃ sahāyabhāvūpagamanatāya senāsaṅkhātassa kilesamārassa ca mathanato ‘‘mārasenamathanā’’tipi attho gahetabbo. Evañca sati pañcamāranimmathanabhāvena attho paripuṇṇo hoti. Ariyasāvakāpi hi samudayappahānapariññāvasena khandhamāraṃ, sahāyavekallakaraṇena <a name="V1.0020"></a> sabbathā, appavattikaraṇena ca abhisaṅkhāramāraṃ, balavidhamanavisayātikkamanavasena maccumāraṃ, devaputtamārañca samucchedappahānavasena sabbaso appavattikaraṇena kilesamāraṃ mathentīti, iminā pana tesaṃ orasaputtabhāve kāraṇaṃ, tīsu puttesu ca anujātataṃ dasseti. Mārasenamathanatāya hi te bhagavato orasaputtā, anujātā cāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aṭṭhanna</span>nti gaṇanaparicchedo, tenasatipi tesaṃ taṃtaṃbhedena anekasatasahassasaṅkhyābhede ariyabhāvakaramaggaphaladhammabhedena imaṃ gaṇanaparicchedaṃ nātivattanti maggaṭṭhaphalaṭṭhabhāvānativattanatoti dasseti. <span class="bld">Pi</span>-saddo, <span class="bld">api</span>-saddo vā padalīḷādinā kāraṇena aṭṭhāne payutto, so ‘‘ariyasaṅgha’’nti ettha yojetabbo, tena na kevalaṃ buddhadhammeyeva, atha kho ariyasaṅghampīti sampiṇḍeti. Yadipi avayavavinimutto samudāyo nāma koci natthi avayavaṃ upādāya samudāyassa vattabbattā, aviññāyamānasamudāyaṃ pana viññāyamānasamudāyena visesitumarahatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘aṭṭhannampi samūha’’</span>nti, etena ‘‘ariyasaṅgha’’nti ettha na yena kenaci saṇṭhānādinā, kāyasāmaggiyā vā samudāyabhāvo, api tu maggaṭṭhaphalaṭṭhabhāvenevāti viseseti. Avayavameva sampiṇḍetvā ūhitabbo vitakketabbo, saṃūhanitabbo vā saṅghaṭitabboti <span class="bld">samūho,</span> soyeva <span class="bld">samoho</span> vacanasiliṭṭhatādinā. Dvidhāpi hi pāṭho yujjati. Ārakattā kilesehi, anaye na iriyanato, aye ca iriyanato <span class="bld">ariyā</span> niruttinayena<a name="M1.0023"></a>. Atha vā sadevakena lokena saraṇanti araṇīyato upagantabbato, upagatānañca tadatthasiddhito <span class="bld">ariyā,</span> diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena saṃhato, samaggaṃ vā kammaṃ samudāyavasena samupagatoti <span class="bld">saṅgho,</span> ariyānaṃ saṅgho, ariyo ca so saṅgho ca yathāvuttanayenāti vā ariyasaṅgho, taṃ <span class="bld">ariyasaṅghaṃ.</span> Bhagavato aparabhāge buddhadhammaratanānampi samadhigamo saṅgharatanādhīnoti ariyasaṅghassa bahūpakārataṃ dassetuṃ idheva <span class="bld">‘‘sirasā vande’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Avassañcāyamattho sampaṭicchitabbo vinayaṭṭhakathādīsupi (pārā. aṭṭha. ganthārambhakathā) tathā vuttattā. Keci pana purimagāthāsupi taṃ padamānetvā yojenti, tadayuttameva ratanattayassa asādhāraṇaguṇappakāsanaṭṭhānattā, yathāvuttakāraṇassa ca sabbesampi saṃvaṇṇanākārānamadhippetattāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imāya pana gāthāya ariyasaṅghassa pabhavasampadā pahānasampadādayo aneke guṇā dassitā honti. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Sugatassa orasānaṃ puttāna’’nti hi etena ariyasaṅghassa pabhavasampadaṃ dasseti sammāsambuddhapabhavatādīpanato. ‘‘Mārasenamathanāna’’nti etena pahānasampadaṃ sakalasaṃkilesappahānadīpanato. ‘‘Aṭṭhannampi samūha’’nti etena ñāṇasampadaṃ maggaṭṭhaphalaṭṭhabhāvadīpanato<a name="V1.0021"></a>. ‘‘Ariyasaṅgha’’nti etena sabhāvasampadaṃ sabbasaṅghānaṃ aggabhāvadīpanato. Atha vā ‘‘sugatassa orasānaṃ puttāna’’nti ariyasaṅghassa visuddhanissayabhāvadīpanaṃ. ‘‘Mārasenamathanāna’’nti sammāujuñāyasāmīcipaṭipannabhāvadīpanaṃ. ‘‘Aṭṭhannampi samūha’’nti āhuneyyādibhāvadīpanaṃ. ‘‘Ariyasaṅgha’’nti anuttarapuññakkhettabhāvadīpanaṃ. Tathā ‘‘sugatassa orasānaṃ puttāna’’nti etena ariyasaṅghassa lokuttarasaraṇagamanasabbhāvaṃ dasseti. Lokuttarasaraṇagamanena hi te bhagavato orasaputtā jātā. ‘‘Mārasenamathanāna’nti etena abhinīhārasampadāsiddhaṃ pubbabhāgasammāpaṭipattiṃ dasseti. Katābhinīhārā hi sammāpaṭipannā māraṃ, mārasenaṃ vā abhivijinanti. ‘‘Aṭṭhannampi samūha’’nti etena viddhastavipakkhe sekkhāsekkhadhamme dasseti puggalādhiṭṭhānena maggaphaladhammānaṃ dassitattā. ‘‘Ariyasaṅgha’’nti etena aggadakkhiṇeyyabhāvaṃ dasseti anuttarapuññakkhettabhāvassa dassitattā. Saraṇagamanañca sāvakānaṃ sabbaguṇassa ādi, sapubbabhāgapaṭipadā sekkhā sīlakkhandhādayo majjhe, asekkhā sīlakkhandhādayo <a name="M1.0024"></a> pariyosānantiādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇā saṅkhepato sabbepi ariyasaṅghaguṇā dassitā hontīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ gāthāttayena saṅkhepato sakalaguṇasaṃkittanamukhena ratanattayassa paṇāmaṃ katvā idāni taṃ nipaccakāraṃ yathādhippetapayojane pariṇāmento <span class="bld">‘‘iti me’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">iti</span>-saddo nidassane. Tena gāthāttayena yathāvuttanayaṃ nidasseti. <span class="bld">Me</span>ti attānaṃ karaṇavacanena kattubhāvena niddisati. Tassa ‘‘yaṃ puññaṃ mayā laddha’’nti pāṭhasesena sambandho, sampadānaniddeso vā eso, ‘‘atthī’’ti pāṭhaseso, sāminiddeso vā ‘‘yaṃ mama puññaṃ vandanāmaya’’nti. Pasīdīyate <span class="bld">pasannā,</span> tādisā mati paññā, cittaṃ vā yassāti pasannamati, aññapadaliṅgappadhānattā imassa samāsapadassa <span class="bld">‘‘pasannamatino’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Ratiṃ nayati, janeti, vahatīti vā <span class="bld">ratanaṃ,</span> sattavidhaṃ, dasavidhaṃ vā ratanaṃ, tamiva imānīti neruttikā. Sadisakappanamaññatra pana yathāvuttavacanattheneva buddhādīnaṃ ratanabhāvo yujjati. Tesañhi ‘‘itipi so bhagavā’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.157, 255) yathābhūtaguṇe āvajjantassa amatādhigamahetubhūtaṃ anappakaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ uppajjati. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Yasmiṃ mahānāma samaye ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na dosa…pe… na moha…pe… ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti tathāgataṃ ārabbha. Ujugatacitto kho pana mahānāma ariyasāvako <a name="V1.0022"></a> labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ, pamuditassa pīti jāyatī’’tiādi (a. ni. 6.10; 11.11).</p>
<p class="unindented">Cittīkatādibhāvo vā ratanaṭṭho. Vuttañhetaṃ aṭṭhakathāsu –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Cittīkataṃ mahagghañca, atulaṃ dullabhadassanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Anomasattaparibhogaṃ, ratanaṃ tena vuccatī’’ti. (khu. pā. aṭṭha. 6.3; udāna. aṭṭha. 47; dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.33; su. ni. 1.226; mahāni. aṭṭha. 1.226);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Cittīkatabhāvādayo ca anaññasādhāraṇā sātisayato buddhādīsuyeva labbhantīti. Vitthāro <span class="bld">ratanasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ</span> (khu. pā. aṭṭha. 6.3; su. ni. aṭṭha. 1.226) gahetabbo. Ayamattho <a name="M1.0025"></a> pana nibbacanatthavasena na vutto, atha kenāti ce? Loke ratanasammatassa vatthuno garukātabbatādiatthavasenāti saddavidū. Sādhūnañca ramanato, saṃsāraṇṇavā ca taraṇato, sugatinibbānañca nayanato <span class="bld">ratanaṃ</span> tulyatthasamāsavasena, alamatipapañcena. Ekasesapakappanena, puthuvacananibbacanena vā ratanāni. Tiṇṇaṃ samūho, tīṇi vā samāhaṭāni, tayo vā avayavā assāti <span class="bld">tayaṃ,</span> ratanānameva tayaṃ, nāññesanti <span class="bld">ratanattayaṃ.</span> Avayavavinimuttassa pana samudāyassa abhāvato tīṇi eva ratanāni tathā vuccanti, na samudāyamattaṃ, samudāyāpekkhāya pana ekavacanaṃ kataṃ. Vandīyate <span class="bld">vandanā,</span> sāva <span class="bld">vandanāmayaṃ</span> yathā ‘‘dānamayaṃ sīlamaya’’nti (dī. ni. 3.305; itivu. 60; netti. 33). Vandanā cettha kāyavācācittehi tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ guṇaninnatā, thomanā vā. Apica tassā cetanāya sahajātādopakāreko saddhāpaññāsativīriyādisampayuttadhammo vandanā, tāya pakatanti <span class="bld">vandanāmayaṃ</span> yathā ‘‘sovaṇṇamayaṃ rūpiyamaya’’nti, atthato pana yathāvuttacetanāva. Ratanattaye, ratanattayassa vā vandanāmayaṃ <span class="bld">ratanattayavandanāmayaṃ.</span> Pujjabhavaphalanibbattanato <span class="bld">puññaṃ</span> niruttinayena, attano kārakaṃ, santānaṃ vā punāti visodhetīti <span class="bld">puññaṃ,</span> sakammakattā dhātussa kāritavasena atthavivaraṇaṃ labbhati, saddanipphatti pana suddhavasenevāti saddavidū.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Taṃtaṃsampattiyā vibandhanavasena sattasantānassa antare vemajjhe eti āgacchatīti <span class="bld">antarāyo,</span> diṭṭhadhammikādianattho. Paṇāmapayojane vuttavidhinā suṭṭhu vihato viddhasto antarāyo assāti <span class="bld">suvihatantarāyo.</span> Vihananañcettha taduppādakahetupariharaṇavasena tesaṃ antarāyānamanuppattikaraṇanti <a name="V1.0023"></a> daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Hutvā</span>ti pubbakālakiriyā, tassa ‘‘atthaṃ pakāsayissāmī’’ti etena sambandho. <span class="bld">Tassā</span>ti yaṃ-saddena uddiṭṭhassa vandanāmayapuññassa. <span class="bld">Ānubhāvenā</span>ti balena.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tejo ussāhamantā ca, pabhū sattīti pañcime;</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘Ānubhāvo’ti vuccanti, ‘pabhāvo’ti ca te vade’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Vuttesu hi atthesu idha sattiyaṃ vattati. Anu punappunaṃ taṃsamaṅgiṃ bhāveti vaḍḍhetīti hi anubhāvo, soyeva <span class="bld">ānubhāvo</span>ti <span class="bld">udānaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span><a name="M1.0026"></a>, atthato pana yathāladdhasampattinimittakassa purimakammassa balānuppadānavasasaṅkhātā vandanāmayapuññassa sattiyeva, sā ca suvihatantarāyatāya karaṇaṃ, hetu vā sambhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha pana ‘‘pasannamatino’’ti etena attano pasādasampattiṃ dasseti. ‘‘Ratanattayavandanāmaya’’nti etena ratanattayassa khettabhāvasampattiṃ, tato ca tassa puññassa attano pasādasampattiyā, ratanattayassa ca khettabhāvasampattiyāti dvīhi aṅgehi atthasaṃvaṇṇanāya upaghātakaupaddavānaṃ vihanane samatthataṃ dīpeti. Caturaṅgasampattiyā dānacetanā viya hi dvayaṅgasampattiyā paṇāmacetanāpi antarāyavihananena diṭṭhadhammikāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ ratanattayassa nipaccakārakaraṇe payojanaṃ dassetvā idāni yassā dhammadesanāya atthaṃ saṃvaṇṇetukāmo, tadapi saṃvaṇṇetabbadhammabhāvena dassetvā guṇābhitthavanavisesena abhitthavetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘dīghassā’’</span>tiādimāha. Ayañhi ācariyassa pakati, yadidaṃ taṃtaṃsaṃvaṇṇanāsu ādito tassa tassa saṃvaṇṇetabbadhammassa visesaguṇakittanena thomanā. Tathā hi tesu tesu <span class="bld">papañcasūdanīsāratthapakāsanīmanorathapūraṇīaṭṭhasālinī</span>ādīsu yathākkamaṃ ‘‘paravādamathanassa, ñāṇappabhedajananassa, dhammakathikapuṅgavānaṃ vicittapaṭibhānajananassa,</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tassa gambhīrañāṇehi, ogāḷhassa abhiṇhaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nānānayavicittassa, abhidhammassa ādito’’ti. ādinā –</p>
<p class="unindented">Thomanā katā. Tattha <span class="bld">dīghassā</span>ti dīghanāmakassa. <span class="bld">Dīghasuttaṅkitassā</span>ti dīghehi abhiāyatavacanappabandhavantehi suttehi lakkhitassa, anena ‘‘dīgho’’ti ayaṃ imassa āgamassa <a name="V1.0024"></a> atthānugatā samaññāti dasseti. Nanu ca suttāniyeva āgamo, kathaṃ so tehi aṅkīyatīti? Saccametaṃ paramatthato, paññattito pana suttāni upādāya āgamabhāvassa paññattattā avayavehi suttehi avayavībhūto āgamo aṅkīyati. Yatheva hi atthabyañjanasamudāye ‘‘sutta’’nti vohāro, evaṃ suttasamudāye āgamavohāroti. Paṭiccasamuppādādinipuṇatthabhāvato <span class="bld">nipuṇassa.</span> Āgacchanti attatthaparatthādayo ettha, etena, etasmāti vā <span class="bld">āgamo,</span> uttamaṭṭhena, patthanīyaṭṭhena ca so varoti <a name="M1.0027"></a> <span class="bld">āgamavaro.</span> Apica āgamasammatehi bāhirakapaveditehi bhāratapurāṇakathānarasīhapurāṇakathādīhi varotipi <span class="bld">āgamavaro,</span> tassa. Buddhānamanubuddhā <span class="bld">buddhānubuddhā,</span> buddhānaṃ saccapaṭivedhaṃ anugamma paṭividdhasaccā aggasāvakādayo ariyā, tehi atthasaṃvaṇṇanāvasena, guṇasaṃvaṇṇanāvasena ca saṃvaṇṇitoti tathā. Atha vā buddhā ca anubuddhā ca, tehi saṃvaṇṇito yathāvuttanayenāti tathā, tassa. Sammāsambuddheneva hi tiṇṇampi piṭakānaṃ atthasaṃvaṇṇanākkamo bhāsito, tato paraṃ saṅgāyanādivasena sāvakehīti ācariyā vadanti. Vuttañca majjhimāgamaṭṭhakathāya <span class="bld">upālisuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ</span> ‘‘veyyākaraṇassāti vitthāretvā atthadīpakassa. Bhagavatā hi abyākataṃ tantipadaṃ nāma natthi, sabbesaṃyeva attho kathito’’ti (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 3.76). <span class="bld">Saddhāvahaguṇassā</span>ti buddhādīsu pasādāvahaguṇassa. Nanu ca sabbampi buddhavacanaṃ tepiṭakaṃ saddhāvahaguṇameva, atha kasmā ayamaññasādhāraṇaguṇena thomitoti? Sātisayato imassa tagguṇasampannattā. Ayañhi āgamo brahmajālādīsu sīladiṭṭhādīnaṃ anavasesaniddesādivasena, mahāpadānādīsu (dī. ni. 2.3) purimabuddhānampi guṇaniddesādivasena, pāthikasuttādīsu (dī. ni. 3.1.4) titthiye madditvā appaṭivattiyasīhanādanadanādivasena, anuttariyasuttādīsu visesato buddhaguṇavibhāvanena ratanattaye sātisayaṃ saddhaṃ āvahatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ saṃvaṇṇetabbadhammassa abhitthavanampi katvā idāni saṃvaṇṇanāya sampati vakkhamānāya āgamanavisuddhiṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘atthappakāsanattha’’</span>ntiādimāha. Imāya hi gāthāya saṅgītittayamāruḷhadīghāgamaṭṭhakathātova sīhaḷabhāsāmattaṃ vinā ayaṃ vakkhamānasaṃvaṇṇanā āgatā, nāññato, tadeva kāraṇaṃ katvā vattabbā, nāññanti attano saṃvaṇṇanāya āgamanavisuddhiṃ dasseti. Aparo nayo – paramanipuṇagambhīraṃ buddhavisayamāgamavaraṃ attano baleneva vaṇṇayissāmīti aññehi vattumpi asakkuṇeyyattā saṃvaṇṇanānissayaṃ dassetumāha <span class="bld">‘‘atthappakāsanattha’’</span>ntiādi. Imāya hi pubbācariyānubhāvaṃ nissāyeva tassa atthaṃ vaṇṇayissāmīti attano saṃvaṇṇanānissayaṃ dasseti. Tattha <span class="bld">‘‘atthappakāsanattha’’</span>nti pāṭhattho, sabhāvattho, ñeyyattho, pāṭhānurūpattho, tadanurūpattho, sāvasesattho, nivarasesattho, nītattho, neyyatthotiādinā <a name="M1.0028"></a><a name="V1.0025"></a> anekappakārassa atthassa pakāsanatthāya, pakāsanāya vā. Gāthābandhasampattiyā dvibhāvo. Attho kathīyati etāyāti atthakathā, sāyeva <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathā</span> ttha-kārassa ṭṭha-kāraṃ katvā yathā ‘‘dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.17; 2.8), ayañca sasaññogavidhi ariyājātibhāvato. Akkharacintakāpi hi ‘‘tathānaṃṭṭha yuga’’nti lakkhaṇaṃ vatvā idamevudāharanti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yāya’tthamabhivaṇṇenti, byañjanatthapadānugaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nidānavatthusambandhaṃ, esā aṭṭhakathā matā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ādito</span>tiādimhi paṭhamasaṅgītiyaṃ. Chaḷabhiññatāya paramena cittavasībhāvena samannāgatattā, jhānādīsu pañcavasitā sabbhāvato ca <span class="bld">vasino,</span> therā mahākassapādayo, tesaṃ <span class="bld">satehi pañcahi.</span> <span class="bld">Yā saṅgītā</span>ti yā aṭṭhakathā atthaṃ pakāsetuṃ yuttaṭṭhāne ‘‘ayametassa attho, ayametassa attho’’ti saṅgahetvā vuttā. <span class="bld">Anusaṅgītā ca pacchāpī</span>ti na kevalaṃ paṭhamasaṅgītiyameva, atha kho pacchā dutiyatatiyasaṅgītīsupi. Na ca pañcahi vasisatehi ādito saṅgītāyeva, api tu yasattherādīhi anusaṅgītā cāti saha samuccayena attho veditabbo. Samuccayadvayañhi paccekaṃ kiriyākālaṃ samuccinoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha porāṇaṭṭhakathāya vijjamānāya kimetāya adhunā puna katāya saṃvaṇṇanāyāti punaruttiyā, niratthakatāya ca dosaṃ samanussaritvā taṃ pariharanto <span class="bld">‘‘sīhaḷadīpa’’</span>ntiādimāha. Taṃ pariharaṇeneva hi imissā saṃvaṇṇanāya nimittaṃ dasseti. Tattha sīhaṃ lāti gaṇhātīti <span class="bld">sīhaḷo</span> la-kārassa ḷa-kāraṃ katvā yathā ‘‘garuḷo’’ti. Tasmiṃ vaṃse ādipuriso sīhakumāro, tabbaṃsajātā pana tambapaṇṇidīpe khattiyā, sabbepi ca janā taddhitavasena, sadisavohārena vā sīhaḷā, tesaṃ nivāsadīpopi taddhitavasena, ṭhānīnāmena vā ‘‘sīhaḷo’’ti veditabbo. Jalamajjhe dippati, dvidhā vā āpo ettha sandatīti dipo, soyeva <span class="bld">dīpo,</span> bhedāpekkhāya tesaṃ dīpoti tathā. <span class="bld">Pana</span>saddo arucisaṃsūcane, tena kāmañca sā saṅgītittayamāruḷhā, tathāpi puna evaṃbhūtāti aruciyabhāvaṃ saṃsūceti. Tadatthasambandhatāya pana purimagāthāya ‘‘kāmañca saṅgītā <a name="M1.0029"></a> anusaṅgītā cā’’ti sānuggahatthayojanā sambhavati. Aññatthāpi hi tathā dissatīti. <span class="bld">Ābhatā</span>ti jambudīpato ānītā. <span class="bld">Athā</span>ti saṅgītikālato pacchā, evaṃ sati ābhatapadena sambandho. <span class="bld">Athā</span>ti vā mahāmahindattherenābhatakālato pacchā, evaṃ sati ṭhapitapadena sambandho. Sā hi dhammasaṅgāhakattherehi paṭhamaṃ tīṇi piṭakāni saṅgāyitvā tassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanānurūpeneva vācanāmaggaṃ <a name="V1.0026"></a> āropitattā tisso saṅgītiyo āruḷhāyeva, tato pacchā ca mahāmahindattherena tambapaṇṇidīpamābhatā, pacchā pana tambapaṇṇiyehi mahātherehi nikāyantaraladdhisaṅkarapariharaṇatthaṃ <span class="bld">sīhaḷabhāsāya ṭhapitā</span>ti. Ācariyadhammapālatthero pana pacchimasambandhameva duddasattā pakāseti. Tathā <span class="bld">‘‘dīpavāsīnamatthāyā’’</span>ti idampi ‘‘ṭhapitā’’ti ca ‘‘apanetvā āropento’’ti ca etehi padehi sambajjhitabbaṃ. Ekapadampi hi āvuttiyādinayehi anekatthasambandhamupagacchati. Purimasambandhena cettha sīhaḷadīpavāsīnamatthāya nikāyantaraladdhisaṅkarapariharaṇena sīhaḷabhāsāya ṭhapitāti tambapaṇṇiyattherehi ṭhapanapayojanaṃ dasseti. Pacchimasambandhena pana imāya saṃvaṇṇanāya jambudīpavāsīnaṃ, aññadīpavāsīnañca atthāya sīhaḷabhāsāpanayanassa, tantinayānucchavikabhāsāropanassa ca payojananti. Mahāissariyattā <span class="bld">mahindo</span>ti rājakumārakāle nāmaṃ, pacchā pana guṇamahantatāya <span class="bld">mahāmahindo</span>ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Sīhaḷabhāsā</span> nāma anekakkharehi ekatthassāpi voharaṇato paresaṃ voharituṃ atidukkarā kañcukasadisā sīhaḷānaṃ samudāciṇṇā bhāsā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ hotu porāṇaṭṭhakathāya, adhunā kariyamānā pana aṭṭhakathā kathaṃ karīyatīti anuyoge sati imissā aṭṭhakathāya karaṇappakāraṃ dassetumāha <span class="bld">‘‘apanetvānā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha tato mūlaṭṭhakathāto sīhaḷabhāsaṃ apanetvā potthake anāropitabhāvena niraṅkaritvāti sambandho, etena ayaṃ vakkhamānā aṭṭhakathā saṅgītittayamāropitāya mūlaṭṭhakathāya sīhaḷabhāsāpanayanamattamaññatra atthato saṃsandati ceva sameti ca yathā ‘‘gaṅgodakena yamunodaka’’nti dasseti. <span class="bld">‘‘Manorama’’</span> miccādīni ‘‘bhāsa’’nti etassa sabhāvaniruttibhāvadīpakāni visesanāni. Sabhāvaniruttibhāvena hi paṇḍitānaṃ manaṃ ramayatīti <span class="bld">manoramā.</span> Tanoti atthametāya, tanīyati vā atthavasena vivarīyati, vaṭṭato vā satte tāreti<a name="M1.0030"></a>, nānātthavisayaṃ vā kaṅkhaṃ taranti etāyāti <span class="bld">tanti,</span> pāḷi. Tassā nayasaṅkhātāya gatiyā chaviṃ chāyaṃ anugatāti <span class="bld">tantinayānucchavikā.</span> Asabhāvaniruttibhāsantarasaṃkiṇṇadosavirahitatāya <span class="bld">vigatadosā,</span> tādisaṃ sabhāvaniruttibhūtaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sā māgadhī mūlabhāsā, narā yāyā’dikappikā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Brahmāno cassutālāpā, sambuddhā cāpi bhāsare’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Vuttaṃ pāḷigatibhāsaṃ potthake likhanavasena āropentoti attho, iminā saddadosābhāvamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Samayaṃ</span> <a name="V1.0027"></a> <span class="bld">avilomento</span>ti siddhantamavirodhento, iminā pana atthadosābhāvamāha. Aviruddhattā eva hi te theravādāpi idha pakāsayissanti. Kesaṃ pana samayanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘therāna’’</span>ntiādi, etena rāhulācariyādīnaṃ jetavanavāsīabhayagirivāsīnikāyānaṃ samayaṃ nivatteti. Thirehi sīlasutajhānavimuttisaṅkhātehi guṇehi samannāgatāti <span class="bld">therā.</span> Yathāha ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave therakaraṇā dhammā. Katame cattāro? Idha bhikkhave bhikkhu sīlavā hotī’’tiādi (a. ni. 4.22). Apica saccadhammādīhi thirakaraṇehi samannāgatattā <span class="bld">therā.</span> Yathāha dhammarājā dhammapade –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yamhi saccañca dhammo ca, ahiṃsā saṃyamo damo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sa ve vantamalo dhīro, <span class="bld">‘thero’</span>iti pavuccatī’’ti. (dha. pa. 260);</p>
<p class="unindented">Tesaṃ. Mahākassapattherādīhi āgatā ācariyaparamparā theravaṃso, tappariyāpannā hutvā āgamādhigamasampannattā paññāpajjotena tassa samujjalanato taṃ pakārena dīpenti, tasmiṃ vā padīpasadisāti <span class="bld">theravaṃsapadipā.</span> Vividhena ākārena nicchīyatīti <span class="bld">vinicchayo,</span> gaṇṭhiṭṭhānesu khīlamaddanākārena pavattā vimaticchedanīkathā, suṭṭhu nipuṇo saṇho vinicchayo etesanti <span class="bld">sunipuṇavinicchayā.</span> Atha vā vinicchinotīti <span class="bld">vinicchayo,</span> yathāvuttavisayaṃ ñāṇaṃ, suṭṭhu nipuṇo cheko vinicchayo etesanti <span class="bld">sunipuṇavinicchayā.</span> Mahāmeghavane ṭhito vihāro <span class="bld">mahāvihāro,</span> yo satthu mahābodhinā virocati, tasmiṃ vasanasīlā <span class="bld">mahāvihāravāsino</span><a name="M1.0031"></a>, tādisānaṃ samayaṃ avilomentoti attho, etena mahākassapāditheraparamparāgato, tatoyeva aviparito saṇhasukhumo vinicchayoti mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ samayassa pamāṇabhūtataṃ puggalādhiṭṭhānavasena dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Hitvā punappunabhatamattha</span>nti ekattha vutampi puna aññattha ābhatamatthaṃ punaruttibhāvato, ganthagarukabhāvato ca cajitvā tassa āgamavarassa atthaṃ pakāsayissāmīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ karaṇappakārampi dassetvā ‘‘dīpavāsīnamatthāyā’’ti vuttappayojanato aññampi saṃvaṇṇanāya payojanaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sujanassa cā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">sujanassa cā</span>ti <span class="bld">ca</span>-saddo samuccayattho, tena na kevalaṃ jambudīpavāsīnameva atthāya, atha kho sādhujanatosanatthañcāti samuccinoti. Teneva ca tambapaṇṇidīpavāsīnampi atthāyāti ayamattho siddho hoti uggahaṇādisukaratāya tesampi bahūpakārattā. <span class="bld">Ciraṭṭhitatthañcā</span>ti etthāpi <span class="bld">ca</span>-saddo na kevalaṃ tadubhayatthameva, api tu tividhassāpi sāsanadhammassa, pariyattidhammassa vā pañcavassasahassaparimāṇaṃ <a name="V1.0028"></a> cirakālaṃ ṭhitatthañcāti samuccayatthameva dasseti. Pariyattidhammassa hi ṭhitiyā paṭipattidhammapaṭivedhadhammānampi ṭhiti hoti tasseva tesaṃ mūlabhāvato. Pariyattidhammo pana sunikkhittena padabyañjanena, tadatthena ca ciraṃ sammā patiṭṭhāti, saṃvaṇṇanāya ca padabyañjanaṃ aviparītaṃ sunikkhittaṃ, tadatthopi aviparīto sunikkhitto hoti, tasmā saṃvaṇṇanāya aviparītassa padabyañjanassa, tadatthassa ca sunikkhittassa upāyabhāvamupādāya vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ciraṭṭhitatthañca dhammassā’’</span>ti. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Dveme bhikkhave dhammā saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame dve? Sunikkhittañca padabyañjanaṃ, attho ca sunīto, ime kho…pe… saṃvattantī’’tiādi (a. ni. 2.21).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ payojanampi dassetvā vakkhamānāya saṃvaṇṇanāya mahattapariccāgena ganthagarukabhāvaṃ pariharitumāha <span class="bld">‘‘sīlakathā’’</span>tiādi. Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘na taṃ vicarayissāmī’’ti. Aparo nayo – yadaṭṭhakathaṃ kattukāmo, tadekadesabhāvena visuddhimaggo gahetabboti kathikānaṃ upadesaṃ karonto <a name="M1.0032"></a> tattha vicāritadhamme uddesavasena dassetumāha <span class="bld">‘‘sīlakathā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">sīlakathā</span>ti cārittavārittādivasena sīlavitthārakathā. <span class="bld">Dhutadhammā</span>ti piṇḍapātikaṅgādayo terasa kilesadhunanakadhammā. <span class="bld">Kammaṭṭhānānī</span>ti bhāvanāsaṅkhātassa yogakammassa pavattiṭṭhānattā kammaṭṭhānanāmāni dhammajātāni. Tāni pana pāḷiyamāgatāni aṭṭhatiṃ seva na gahetabbāni, atha kho aṭṭhakathāyamāgatānipi dveti ñāpetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sabbānipī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Cari yāvidhānasahito</span>ti rāgacaritādīnaṃ sabhāvādividhānena saha pavatto, idaṃ pana <span class="bld">‘‘jhānasamāpattivitthāro’’</span>ti imassa visesanaṃ. Ettha ca rūpāvacarajjhānāni <span class="bld">jhānaṃ,</span> arūpāvacarajjhānāni <span class="bld">samāpatti. </span> Tadubhayampi vā paṭiladdhamattaṃ <span class="bld">jhānaṃ,</span> samāpajjanavasībhāvappattaṃ <span class="bld">samāpatti.</span> Apica tadapi ubhayaṃ <span class="bld">jhāna</span>meva, phalasamāpattinirodhasamāpattiyo pana <span class="bld">samāpatti,</span> tāsaṃ vitthāroti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Lokiyalokuttarabhedānaṃ channampi abhiññānaṃ gahaṇatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sabbā ca abhiññāyo’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Ñāṇavibhaṅgādīsu (vibha. 751) āgatanayena ekavidhādinā bhedena paññāya saṅkalayitvā sampiṇḍetvā, gaṇetvā vā vinicchayanaṃ <span class="bld">paññāsaṅkalanavinicchayo. </span> <span class="bld">Ariyānī</span>ti buddhādīhi ariyehi paṭivijjhitabbattā, ariyabhāvasādhakattā vā ariyāni uttarapadalopena. Avitathabhāvena vā araṇīyattā, avagantabbattā <span class="bld">ariyāni,</span> ‘‘saccānī’’timassa visesanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Hetādipaccayadhammānaṃ <a name="V1.0029"></a> hetupaccayādibhāvena paccayuppannadhammānamupakārakatā <span class="bld">paccayākāro,</span> tassa desanā tathā, paṭiccasamuppādakathāti attho. Sā pana nikāyantaraladdhisaṅkararahitatāya suṭṭhu parisuddhā, ghanavinibbhogassa ca sudukkaratāya nipuṇā, ekattādinayasahitā ca tattha vicāritāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘suparisuddhanipuṇanayā’’</span>ti. Padattayampi hetaṃ paccayākāradesanāya visesanaṃ. Paṭisambhidādīsu āgatanayaṃ avissajjitvāva vicāritattā avimutto tantimaggo yassāti <span class="bld">avimuttatanti maggā. Maggo</span>ti cettha pāḷisaṅkhāto upāyo taṃtadatthānaṃ avabodhassa, saccapaṭivedhassa vā upāyabhāvato. Pabandho vā dīghabhāvena pakatimaggasadisattā, idaṃ pana <span class="bld">‘‘vipassanā, bhāvanā’’</span>ti padadvayassa visesanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Iti</span> <a name="M1.0033"></a> <span class="bld">pana sabba</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">iti</span>-saddo parisamāpane yathāuddiṭṭhauddesassa pariniṭṭhitattā, ettakaṃ sabbanti attho. <span class="bld">Panā</span>ti vacanālaṅkāramattaṃ visuṃ atthābhāvato. Padatthasaṃkiṇṇassa, vattabbassa ca avuttassa avasesassa abhāvato suviññeyyabhāvena <span class="bld">suparisuddhaṃ,</span> ‘‘sabba’’nti iminā sambandho, bhāvanapuṃsakaṃ vā etaṃ ‘‘vutta’’nti iminā sambajjhanato. <span class="bld">Bhiyyo</span>ti atirekaṃ, ativitthāranti attho, etena padatthamattameva vicārayissāmīti dasseti. Etaṃ sabbaṃ idha aṭṭhakathāya na vicārayissāmi punaruttibhāvato, ganthagarukabhāvato cāti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Vicarayissāmī</span>ti ca gāthābhāvato na vuddhibhāvoti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evampi esa visuddhimaggo āgamānamatthaṃ na pakāseyya, atha sabbopeso idha vicāritabboyevāti codanāya tathā avicāraṇassa ekantakāraṇaṃ niddhāretvā taṃ pariharanto <span class="bld">‘‘majjhe visuddhimaggo’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">majjhe</span>ti khuddakato aññesaṃ catunnampi āgamānaṃ abbhantare. <span class="bld">Hi</span>-saddo kāraṇe, tena yathāvuttaṃ kāraṇaṃ joteti. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tesu catūsu āgamesu. <span class="bld">Yathābhāsita</span>nti bhagavatā yaṃ yaṃ desitaṃ, desitānurūpaṃ vā. Api ca saṃvaṇṇakehi saṃvaṇṇanāvasena yaṃ yaṃ bhāsitaṃ, bhāsitānurūpantipi attho. <span class="bld">Iccevā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">iti</span>-saddena yathāvuttaṃ kāraṇaṃ nidasseti, imināva kāraṇena, idameva vā kāraṇaṃ manasi sannidhāyāti attho. <span class="bld">Kato</span>ti etthāpi ‘‘visuddhimaggo esā’’ti padaṃ kammabhāvena sambajjhati āvuttiyādinayenāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Tampī</span>ti taṃ visuddhimaggampi ñāṇena gahetvāna. <span class="bld">Etāyā</span>ti sumaṅgalavilāsiniyā nāma etāya aṭṭhakathāya. Ettha ca ‘‘majjhe ṭhatvā’’ti etena majjhattabhāvadīpanena visesato catunnampi āgamānaṃ sādhāraṇaṭṭhakathā visuddhimaggo, na sumaṅgalavilāsinīādayo viya asādhāraṇaṭṭhakathāti dasseti. Avisesato pana vinayābhidhammānampi yathārahaṃ sādhāraṇaṭṭhakathā hotiyeva, tehi sammissatāya ca tadavasesassa khuddakāgamassa <a name="V1.0030"></a> visesato sādhāraṇā samānāpi taṃ ṭhapetvā catunnameva āgamānaṃ sādhāraṇātveva vuttāti.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti soḷasagāthāvaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="centered">Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subsubhead">Nidānakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="V1.0031"></a><a name="M1.0034"></a> yathāvuttena vividhena nayena paṇāmādikaṃ pakaraṇārambhavidhānaṃ katvā idāni vibhāgavantānaṃ sabhāvavibhāvanaṃ vibhāgadassanavaseneva suvibhāvitaṃ, suviññāpitañca hotīti paṭhamaṃ tāva vaggasuttavasena vibhāgaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tattha dīghāgamo nāmā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">tatthā</span>ti ‘‘dīghassa āgamavarassa atthaṃ pakāsayissāmī’’ti yadidaṃ vuttaṃ, tasmiṃ vacane. ‘‘Yassa atthaṃ pakāsayissāmī’’ti paṭiññātaṃ, so dīghāgamo nāma vaggasuttavasena evaṃ veditabbo, evaṃ vibhāgoti vā attho. Atha vā <span class="bld">tatthā</span>ti ‘‘dīghāgamanissita’’nti yaṃ vuttaṃ, etasmiṃ vacane. Yo dīghāgamo vutto, so dīghāgamo nāma vaggasuttavasena. Evaṃ vibhajitabbo, edisoti vā attho. ‘‘Dīghassā’’tiādinā hi vuttaṃ dūravacanaṃ taṃ-saddena paṭiniddisati viya ‘‘dīghāgamanissita’’nti vuttaṃ āsannavacanampi taṃ-saddena paṭiniddisati attano buddhiyaṃ parammukhaṃ viya parivattamānaṃ hutvā pavattanato. Edisesu hi ṭhānesu attano buddhiyaṃ sammukhaṃ vā parammukhaṃ vā parivattamānaṃ yathā tathā vā paṭiniddisituṃ vaṭṭati saddamattapaṭiniddesena atthassāvirodhanato. Vaggasuttādīnaṃ nibbacanaṃ parato āvi bhavissati. Tayo vaggā yassāti <span class="bld">tivaggo.</span> Catuttiṃsa suttāni ettha saṅgayhanti, tesaṃ vā saṅgaho gaṇanā etthāti <span class="bld">catuttiṃsasuttasaṅgaho.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Attano saṃvaṇṇanāya paṭhamasaṅgītiyaṃ nikkhittānukkameneva pavattabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tassa…pe… nidānamādī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Ādibhāvo hettha saṅgītikkameneva veditabbo. Kasmā pana catūsu āgamesu dīghāgamo paṭhamaṃ saṅgīto, tattha ca sīlakkhandhavaggo paṭhamaṃ nikkhitto, tasmiñca brahmajālasuttaṃ, tatthāpi nidānanti? Nāyamanuyogo katthacipi na pavattati sabbattheva vacanakkamamattaṃ paṭicca anuyuñjitabbato. Apica saddhāvahaguṇattā dīghāgamova paṭhamaṃ saṅgīto. Saddhā hi kusaladhammānaṃ bījaṃ. Yathāha ‘‘saddhā bījaṃ tapo vuṭṭhī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.197; su. ni. 77). Saddhāvahaguṇatā cassa heṭṭhā dassitāyeva. Kiñca bhiyyo – katipayasuttasaṅgahatāya <a name="V1.0032"></a> ceva appaparimāṇatāya ca uggahaṇadhāraṇādisukhato paṭhamaṃ saṅgīto. Tathā hesa catuttiṃsasuttasaṅgaho, catusaṭṭhibhāṇavāraparimāṇo ca. Sīlakathābāhullato pana <span class="bld">sīlakkhandhavaggo</span> paṭhamaṃ nikkhitto. Sīlañhi sāsanassa ādi sīlapatiṭṭhānattā sabbaguṇānaṃ<a name="M1.0035"></a>. Tenevāha ‘‘tasmā tiha tvaṃ bhikkhu ādimeva visodhehi kusalesu dhammesu. Ko cādi kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ? Sīlañca suvisuddha’’ntiādi (saṃ. ni. 5.469). Sīlakkhandhakathābāhullato hi so ‘‘sīlakkhandhavaggo’’ti vutto. Diṭṭhiviniveṭhanakathābhāvato pana suttantapiṭakassa niravasesadiṭṭhivibhajanaṃ <span class="bld">brahmajālasuttaṃ</span> paṭhamaṃ nikkhittanti veditabbaṃ. Tepiṭake hi buddhavacane brahmajālasadisaṃ diṭṭhigatāni niggumbaṃ nijjaṭaṃ katvā vibhattasuttaṃ natthi. <span class="bld">Nidānaṃ</span> pana paṭhamasaṅgītiyaṃ mahākassapattherena puṭṭhena āyasmatā ānandena desakālādinidassanatthaṃ paṭhamaṃ nikkhittanti. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘brahmajālassāpī’’</span>tiādi. Tattha ca <span class="bld">‘‘āyasmatā’’</span>tiādinā desakaṃ niyameti, <span class="bld">paṭhamasaṅgītikāle</span>ti pana kālanti, ayamattho upari āvi bhavissati.</p>
<p class="subhead">Paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni ‘‘paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle’’ti vacanappasaṅgena taṃ paṭhamamahāsaṅgītiṃ dassento, yassaṃ vā paṭhamamahāsaṅgītiyaṃ nikkhittānukkamena saṃvaṇṇanaṃ kattukāmattā taṃ vibhāvento tassā tantiyā āruḷhāyapi idha vacane kāraṇaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti nāma cesā’’</span>tiādimāha. Ettha hi <span class="bld">kiñcāpi…pe… māruḷhā</span>ti etena nanu sā saṅgītikkhandhake tantimāruḷhā, kasmā idha puna vuttā, yadi ca vuttā assa niratthakatā, ganthagarutā ca siyāti codanālesaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">‘‘Nidāna…pe… veditabbā’’</span>ti pana etena nidānakosallatthabhāvato yathāvuttadosatā na siyāti visesakāraṇadassanena pariharati. ‘‘Paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti nāma cesā’’ti ettha <span class="bld">ca</span>-saddo īdisesu ṭhānesu vattabbasampiṇḍanattho. Tena hi paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle vuttaṃ nidānañca ādi, esā ca paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti nāma evaṃ veditabbāti imamatthaṃ sampiṇḍeti. Upaññāsattho vā <span class="bld">ca</span>-saddo, upaññāsoti ca vākyārambho vuccati. Esā hi ganthakārānaṃ pakati, yadidaṃ kiñci vatvā puna aparaṃ vattumārabhantānaṃ ca-saddapayogo. Yaṃ pana vajirabuddhittherena vuttaṃ ‘‘ettha ca-saddo atirekattho, tena aññāpi atthīti dīpetī’’ti (vajira ṭī. bāhiranidānakathāvaṇṇanā), tadayuttameva. Na hettha ca-saddena tadattho viññāyati. Yadi cettha tadatthadassanatthameva ca-kāro adhippeto siyā, evaṃ sati so na kattabboyeva paṭhamasaddeneva aññāsaṃ dutiyādisaṅgītīnampi <a name="M1.0036"></a> atthibhāvassa dassitattā. Dutiyādimupādāya hi paṭhamasaddapayogo <a name="V1.0033"></a> dīghādimupādāya rassādisaddapayogo viya. Yathāpaccayaṃ tattha tattha desitattā, paññattattā ca vippakiṇṇānaṃ dhammavinayānaṃ saṅgahetvā gāyanaṃ kathanaṃ <span class="bld">saṅgīti,</span> etena taṃ taṃ sikkhāpadānaṃ, taṃtaṃsuttānañca ādipariyosānesu, antarantarā ca sambandhavasena ṭhapitaṃ saṅgītikārakavacanaṃ saṅgahitaṃ hoti. Mahāvisayattā, pūjitattā ca mahatī saṅgīti <span class="bld">mahāsaṅgīti,</span> paṭhamā mahāsaṅgīti <span class="bld">paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti. Kiñcāpī</span>ti anuggahattho, tena pāḷiyampi sā saṅgītimāruḷhāvāti anuggahaṃ karoti, evampi tatthāruḷhamattena idha sotūnaṃ nidānakosallaṃ na hotīti <span class="bld">pana</span>-saddena aruciyatthaṃ dasseti. Nidadāti desanaṃ desakālādivasena aviditaṃ viditaṃ katvā nidassetīti <span class="bld">nidānaṃ,</span> tasmiṃ <span class="bld">kosallaṃ,</span> tadatthāyāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni taṃ vitthāretvā dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘dhammacakkapavattanañhī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha sattānaṃ dassanānuttariyasaraṇādipaṭilābhahetubhūtāsu vijjamānāsupi aññāsu bhagavato kiriyāsu ‘‘buddho bodheyya’’nti (bu. vaṃ. aṭṭha. abbhantaranidāna 1; cariyā. aṭṭha. pakiṇṇakakathā; udāna aṭṭha. 18) paṭiññāya anulomanato vineyyānaṃ maggaphaluppattihetubhūtā kiriyāva nippariyāyena buddhakiccaṃ nāmāti taṃ sarūpato dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘dhammacakkappavattanañhi…pe… vinayanā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Dhammacakkappavattanato pana pubbabhāge bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ suṇantānampi vāsanābhāgiyameva jātaṃ, na sekkhabhāgiyaṃ, na nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ tapussabhallikānaṃ saraṇadānaṃ viya. Esā hi dhammatā, tasmā tameva mariyādabhāvena vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Saddhindriyādi dhammoyeva pavattanaṭṭhena cakkanti <span class="bld">dhammacakkaṃ.</span> Atha vā <span class="bld">cakka</span>nti āṇā, dhammato anapetattā dhammañca taṃ cakkañcāti <span class="bld">dhammacakkaṃ.</span> Dhammena ñāyena cakkantipi <span class="bld">dhammacakkaṃ.</span> Vuttañhi paṭisambhidāyaṃ –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Dhammañca pavatteti cakkañcāti dhammacakkaṃ. Cakkañca pavatteti dhammañcāti dhammacakkaṃ, dhammena pavattetīti dhammacakkaṃ, dhammacariyāya pavattetīti dhammacakka’’ntiādi (paṭi. ma. 2.40, 41).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassa pavattanaṃ tathā. <span class="bld">Pavattana</span>nti ca pavattayamānaṃ, pavattitanti paccuppannātītavasena dvidhā attho. Yaṃ sandhāya aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ ‘‘dhammacakkapavattanasuttantaṃ <a name="M1.0037"></a> desento dhammacakkaṃ pavatteti nāma, aññāsikoṇḍaññattherassa maggaphalādhigatato paṭṭhāya pavattitaṃ nāmā’’ti (saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 3.5.1081-1088; paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 2.2.40). Idha pana paccuppannavaseneva attho yutto. <span class="bld">Yāvā</span>ti paricchedatthe nipāto, subhaddassa nāma paribbājakassa vinayanaṃ <a name="V1.0034"></a> antoparicchedaṃ katvāti abhividhivasena attho veditabbo. Tañhi bhagavā parinibbānamañce nipannoyeva vinesīti. Kataṃ pariniṭṭhāpitaṃ buddhakiccaṃ yenāti tathā, tasmiṃ. Katabuddhakicce bhagavati lokanāthe parinibbuteti sambandho, etena buddhakattabbassa kiccassa kassacipi asesitabhāvaṃ dīpeti. Tatoyeva hi bhagavā parinibbutoti. Nanu ca sāvakehi vinītāpi vineyyā bhagavatāyeva vinītā nāma. Tathā hi sāvakabhāsitaṃ suttaṃ ‘‘buddhabhāsita’’nti vuccati. Sāvakavineyyā ca na tāva vinītā, tasmā ‘‘katabuddhakicce’’ti na vattabbanti? Nāyaṃ doso tesaṃ vinayanupāyassa sāvakesu ṭhapitattā. Tenevāha –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Na tāvāhaṃ pāpima parinibbāyissāmi, yāva me bhikkhū na sāvakā bhavissanti viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā dhammadharā…pe… uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ saha dhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sapāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desessantī’’tiādi (dī. ni. 2.168; udā. 51).</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Kusinārāya’’ntiādinā bhagavato parinibbutadesakālavisesavacanaṃ ‘‘aparinibbuto bhagavā’’ti gāhassa micchābhāvadassanatthaṃ, loke jātasaṃvaddhādibhāvadassanatthañca. Tathā hi manussabhāvassa supākaṭakaraṇatthaṃ mahābodhisattā carimabhave dārapariggahādīnipi karontīti. <span class="bld">Kusinārāya</span>nti evaṃ nāmake nagare. Tañhi nagaraṃ kusahatthaṃ purisaṃ dassanaṭṭhāne māpitattā ‘‘kusināra’’nti vuccati, samīpatthe cetaṃ bhummaṃ. <span class="bld">Upavattane mallānaṃ sālavane</span>ti tassa nagarassa upavattanabhūte mallarājūnaṃ sālavane. Tañhi sālavanaṃ nagaraṃ pavisitukāmā uyyānato upacca vattanti gacchanti etenāti <span class="bld">upavattanaṃ.</span> Yathā hi anurādhapurassa dakkhiṇapacchimadisāyaṃ thūpārāmo, evaṃ taṃ uyyānaṃ kusinārāya dakkhiṇapacchimadisāyaṃ hoti. Yathā ca thūpārāmato dakkhiṇadvārena nagaraṃ pavisanamaggo pācīnamukho gantvā uttarena nivattati, evaṃ uyyānato sālapanti pācīnamukhā gantvā uttarena nivattā, tasmā taṃ ‘‘upavattana’’nti vuccati. Apare pana <a name="M1.0038"></a> ‘‘taṃ sālavanamupagantvā mittasuhajje apaloketvā nivattanato upavattananti pākaṭaṃ jātaṃ kirā’’ti vadanti. <span class="bld">Yamakasālānamantare</span>ti yamakasālānaṃ vemajjhe. Tattha kira bhagavato paññattassa parinibbānamañcassa sīsabhāge ekā sālapanti hoti, pādabhāge ekā. Tatrāpi eko taruṇasālo sīsabhāgassa āsanno hoti, eko pādabhāgassa. Tasmā ‘‘yamakasālānamantare’’ti vuttaṃ. Apica ‘‘yamakasālā nāma mūlakkhandhaviṭapapattehi aññamaññaṃ saṃsibbetvā ṭhitasālā’’tipi mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ. Mā iti cando vuccati tassa gatiyā divasassa <a name="V1.0035"></a> minitabbato, tadā sabbakalāpāripūriyā puṇṇo eva māti <span class="bld">puṇṇamā.</span> Saddavidū pana ‘‘mo sivo candimā cevā’’ti vuttaṃ sakkatabhāsānayaṃ gahetvā okārantampi candimavācaka ma-saddamicchanti. Visākhāya yutto puṇṇamā yatthāti <span class="bld">visākhāpuṇṇamo,</span> soyeva divaso tathā, tasmiṃ. Paccūsati timiraṃ vināsetīti <span class="bld">paccūso,</span> pati-pubbo usa-saddo rujāyanti hi neruttikā, soyeva samayoti rattiyā pacchimayāmapariyāpanno kālaviseso vuccati, tasmiṃ. Visākhāpuṇṇamadivase īdise rattiyā pacchimasamayeti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Upādīyate kammakilesehīti <span class="bld">upādi,</span> vipākakkhandhā, kaṭattā ca rūpaṃ. So pana upādi kilesābhisaṅkhāramāranimmathane anossaṭṭho, idha khandhamaccumāranimmathane ossaṭṭhona sesito, tasmā natthi etissā upādisaṅkhāto seso, upādissa vā sesoti katvā <span class="bld">‘‘anupādisesā’’</span>ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Nibbānadhātū</span>ti cettha nibbutimattaṃ adhippetaṃ, nibbānañca taṃ sabhāvadhāraṇato dhātu cāti katvā. Nibbutiyā hi kāraṇapariyāyena asaṅkhatadhātu tathā vuccati. Itthambhūtalakkhaṇe cāyaṃ karaṇaniddeso. Anupādisesatāsaṅkhātaṃ imaṃ pakāraṃ bhūtassa pattassa parinibbutassa bhagavato lakkhaṇe nibbānadhātusaṅkhāte atthe tatiyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Nanu ca ‘‘anupādisesāyā’’ti nibbānadhātuyāva visesanaṃ hoti, na parinibbutassa bhagavato, atha kasmā taṃ bhagavā pattoti vuttoti? Nibbānadhātuyā sahacaraṇato. Taṃsahacaraṇena hi bhagavāpi anupādisesabhāvaṃ pattoti vuccati. Atha vā anupādisesabhāvasaṅkhātaṃ imaṃ pakāraṃ pattāya nibbānadhātuyā lakkhaṇe sañjānanakiriyāya tatiyātipi vattuṃ yujjati. <span class="bld">Anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā</span>ti ca anupādisesanibbānadhātu <a name="M1.0039"></a> hutvāti attho. ‘‘Ūnapañcabandhanena pattenā’’ti (pārā. 612). Ettha hi ūnapañcabandhanapatto hutvāti atthaṃ vadanti. Apica nibbānadhātuyā anupādisesāya anupādisesā hutvā bhūtāyātipi yujjati. Vuttañhi udānaṭṭhakathāya <span class="bld">nandasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ</span> ‘‘upaḍḍhullikhitehi kesehīti itthambhūtalakkhaṇe karaṇavacanaṃ vippakatullikhitehi kesehi upalakkhitāti attho’’ti (udā. aṭṭha. 22) esanayo īdisesu. <span class="bld">Dhātubhājanadivase</span>ti jeṭṭhamāsassa sukkapakkhapañcamīdivasaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, tañca na ‘‘sannipatitāna’’nti etassa visesanaṃ, ‘‘ussāhaṃ janesī’’ti etassa pana visesanaṃ ‘‘dhātubhājanadivase bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhaṃ janesī’’ti ussāhajananassa kālavasena bhinnādhikaraṇavisesanabhāvato. Dhātubhājanadivasato hi purimataradivasesupi bhikkhū sannipatitāti. Atha vā <span class="bld">‘‘sannipatitāna’’</span>nti idaṃ kāyasāmaggivasena sannipatanameva sandhāya vuttaṃ, na samāgamanamattena. Tasmā ‘‘dhātubhājanadivase’’ti idaṃ ‘‘sannipatitāna’’nti etassa visesanaṃ sambhavati, idañca <span class="bld">bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhaṃ janesī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">‘‘bhikkhūna’’</span>nti etenapi sambajjhanīyaṃ<a name="V1.0036"></a>. Saṅghassa thero <span class="bld">saṅghatthero.</span> So pana saṅgho kiṃ parimāṇoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sattannaṃ bhikkhusatasahassāna’’</span>nti. Saṅghasaddena hi aviññāyamānassa parimāṇassa viññāpanatthamevetaṃ puna vuttaṃ. Saddavidū pana vadanti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Samāso ca taddhito ca, vākyatthesu visesakā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pasiddhiyantu sāmaññaṃ, telaṃ sugatacīvaraṃ.</p>
<p class="unindented">Tasmā nāmamattabhūtassa saṅghattherassa visesanatthamevetaṃ puna vuttanti, niccasāpekkhatāya ca edisesu samāso yathā ‘‘devadattassa garukula’’nti. Niccasāpekkhatā cettha saṅghasaddassa bhikkhusatasahassasaddaṃ sāpekkhattepi aññapadantarābhāvena vākye viya apekkhitabbatthassa gamakattā. ‘‘Sattannaṃ bhikkhusatasahassāna’’nti hi etassa saṅghasadde avayavībhāvena sambandho, tassāpi sāmibhāvena therasaddeti. ‘‘Sattannaṃ bhikkhusatasahassāna’’nti ca gaṇapāmokkhabhikkhūyeva sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tadā hi sannipatitā bhikkhū ettakāti gaṇanapathamatikkantā. Tathā hi veḷuvagāme vedanāvikkhambhanato paṭṭhāya ‘‘nacireneva bhagavā parinibbāyissatī’’ti sutvā tato tato āgatesu bhikkhūsu ekabhikkhupi pakkanto nāma natthi. Yathāhu –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sattasatasahassāni<a name="M1.0040"></a>, tesu pāmokkhabhikkhavo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Thero mahākassapova, saṅghatthero tadā ahū’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āyasmā mahākassapo anussaranto maññamāno cintayanto hutvā ussāhaṃ janesi, anussaranto maññamāno cintayanto āyasmā mahākassapo ussāhaṃ janesīti vā sambandho. Mahantehi sīlakkhandhādīhi samannāgatattā mahanto kassapoti <span class="bld">mahākassapo. </span> Apica <span class="bld">‘‘mahākassapo’’</span>ti uruvelakassapo nadīkassapo gayākassapo kumārakassapoti ime khuddānukhuddake there upādāya vuccati. Kasmā panāyasmā mahākassapo ussāhaṃ janesīti anuyoge sati taṃ kāraṇaṃ vibhāvento āha <span class="bld">‘‘sattāhaparinibbute’’</span>tiādi. Satta ahāni samāhaṭāni <span class="bld">sattāhaṃ.</span> Sattāhaṃ parinibbutassa assāti tathā yathā ‘‘acirapakkanto, māsajāto’’ti, antatthaaññapadasamāsoyaṃ, tasmiṃ. Bhagavato parinibbānadivasato paṭṭhāya sattāhe vītivatteti vuttaṃ hoti, etassa ‘‘vuttavacana’’nti padena sambandho, tathā <span class="bld">‘‘subhaddena vuḍḍhapabbajitenā’’</span>ti etassapi. Tattha <span class="bld">subhaddo</span>ti tassa nāmamattaṃ, vuḍḍhakāle pana pabbajitattā <span class="bld">‘‘vuḍḍhapabbajitenā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, etena subhaddaparibbājakādīhi taṃ visesaṃ karoti. <span class="bld">‘‘Alaṃ āvuso’’</span>tiādinā <a name="V1.0037"></a> tena vuttavacanaṃ nidasseti. So hi sattāhaparinibbute bhagavati āyasmatā mahākassapattherena saddhiṃ pāvāya kusināraṃ addhānamaggapaṭipannesu pañcamattesu bhikkhusatesu avītarāge bhikkhū antarāmagge diṭṭhaājīvakassa santikā bhagavato parinibbānaṃ sutvā pattacīvarāni chaḍḍetvā bāhā paggayhaṃ nānappakāraṃ paridevante disvā evamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmā pana so evamāhāti? Bhagavati āghātena. Ayaṃ kireso khandhake āgate <span class="bld">ātumāvatthusmiṃ</span> (mahāva. 303) nahāpitapubbako vuḍḍhapabbajito bhagavati kusinārato nikkhamitvā aḍḍhateḷasehi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ ātumaṃ gacchante ‘‘bhagavā āgacchatī’’ti sutvā ‘‘āgatakāleyāgudānaṃ karissāmī’’ti sāmaṇerabhūmiyaṃ ṭhite dve putte etadavoca ‘‘bhagavā kira tātā ātumaṃ āgacchati mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ aḍḍhateḷasehi bhikkhusatehi, gacchatha tumhe tātā, khurabhaṇḍaṃ ādāya nāḷiyā vā pasibbakena vā anugharakaṃ āhiṇḍatha, loṇampi telampi taṇḍulampi khādanīyampi <a name="M1.0041"></a> saṃharatha, bhagavato āgatassa yāgudānaṃ karissāmī’’ti. Te tathā akaṃsu. Atha bhagavati ātumaṃ āgantvā bhusāgārakaṃ paviṭṭhe subhaddo sāyanhasamayaṃ gāmadvāraṃ gantvā manusse āmantetvā ‘‘hatthakammamattaṃ me dethā’’ti hatthakammaṃ yācitvā ‘‘kiṃ bhante karomā’’ti vutte ‘‘idañcidañca gaṇhathā’’ti sabbūpakaraṇāni gāhāpetvā vihāre uddhanāni kāretvā ekaṃ kāḷakaṃ kāsāvaṃ nivāsetvā tādisameva pārupitvā ‘‘idaṃ karotha, idaṃ karothā’’ti sabbarattiṃ vicārento satasahassaṃ vissajjetvā bhojjayāguñca madhugoḷakañca paṭiyādāpesi. <span class="bld">Bhojjayāgu</span> nāma bhuñjitvā pātabbayāgu, tattha sappimadhuphāṇitamacchamaṃsapupphaphalarasādi yaṃ kiñci khādanīyaṃ nāma atthi, taṃ sabbaṃ pavisati. Kīḷitukāmānaṃ sīsamakkhanayoggā hoti sugandhagandhā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha bhagavā kālasseva sarīrapaṭijagganaṃ katvā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto piṇḍāya carituṃ ātumābhimukho pāyāsi. Atha tassa ārocesuṃ ‘‘bhagavā piṇḍāya gāmaṃ pavisati, tayā kassa yāgu paṭiyāditā’’ti. So yathānivatthapāruteheva tehi kāḷakakāsāvehi ekena hatthena dabbiñca kaṭacchuñca gahetvā brahmā viya dakkhiṇaṃ jāṇumaṇḍalaṃ bhūmiyaṃ patiṭṭhapetvā vanditvā ‘‘paṭiggaṇhātu me bhante bhagavā yāgu’’nti āha. Tato ‘‘jānantāpi tathāgatā pucchantī’’ti khandhake (mahāva. 304) āgatanayena bhagavā pucchitvā ca sutvā ca taṃ vuḍḍhapabbajitaṃ vigarahitvā tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ akappiyasamādānasikkhāpadaṃ, khurabhaṇḍapariharaṇasikkhāpadañcāti dve sikkhāpadāni paññapetvā ‘‘anekakappakoṭiyo bhikkhave bhojanaṃ pariyesanteheva vītināmitā<a name="V1.0038"></a>, idaṃ pana tumhākaṃ akappiyaṃ, adhammena uppannaṃ bhojanaṃ imaṃ paribhuñjitvā anekāni attabhāvasahassāni apāyesveva nibbattissanti, apetha mā gaṇhathā’’ti vatvā bhikkhācārābhimukho agamāsi, ekabhikkhunāpi na kiñci gahitaṃ. Subhaddo anattamano hutvā ‘‘ayaṃ sabbaṃ jānāmī’’ti āhiṇḍati, sace na gahetukāmo pesetvā ārocetabbaṃ assa, pakkāhāro nāma sabbaciraṃ tiṭṭhanto sattāhamattaṃ tiṭṭheyya, idañca mama yāvajīvaṃ pariyattaṃ assa, sabbaṃ tena nāsitaṃ, ahitakāmo ayaṃ mayha’’nti bhagavati āghātaṃ bandhitvā dasabale dharamāne kiñci vattuṃ <a name="M1.0042"></a> nāsakkhi. Evaṃ kirassa ahosi ‘‘ayaṃ uccā kulā pabbajito mahāpuriso, sace kiñci dharantassa vakkhāmi, mamaṃyeva santajjessatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Svāyaṃ ajja mahākassapattherena saddhiṃ gacchanto ‘‘parinibbuto bhagavā’’ti sutvā laddhassāso viya haṭṭhatuṭṭho evamāha. Thero pana taṃ sutvā hadaye pahāraṃ viya, matthake patitasukkhāsaniṃ viya (sukkhāsani viya dī. ni. aṭṭha. 3.232) maññi, dhammasaṃvego cassa uppajji ‘‘sattāhamattaparinibbuto bhagavā, ajjāpissa suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sarīraṃ dharatiyeva, dukkhena bhagavatā ārādhitasāsane nāma evaṃ lahuṃ mahantaṃ pāpaṃ kasaṭaṃ kaṇṭako uppanno, alaṃ kho panesa pāpo vaḍḍhamāno aññepi evarūpe sahāye labhitvā sāsanaṃ osakkāpetu’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato thero cintesi ‘‘sace kho panāhaṃ imaṃ mahallakaṃ idheva pilotikaṃ nivāsetvā chārikāya okirāpetvā nīharāpessāmi, manussā ‘samaṇassa gotamassa sarīre dharamāneyeva sāvakā vivadantī’ti amhākaṃ dosaṃ dassessanti, adhivāsemi tāva. Bhagavatā hi desitadhammo asaṅgahitapuppharāsisadiso, tattha yathā vātena pahaṭapupphāni yato vā tato vā gacchanti, evameva evarūpānaṃ vasena gacchante gacchante kāle vinaye ekaṃ dve sikkhāpadāni nassissanti, sutte eko dve pañhāvārā nassissanti, abhidhamme ekaṃ dve bhūmantarāni nassissanti, evaṃ anukkamena mūle naṭṭhe pisācasadisā bhavissāma, tasmā dhammavinayasaṅgahaṃ karissāmi, evaṃ sati daḷhasuttena saṅgahitapupphāni viya ayaṃ dhammavinayo niccalo bhavissati. Etadatthañhi bhagavā mayhaṃ tīṇi gāvutāni paccuggamanaṃ akāsi, tīhi ovādehi (saṃ. ni. 2.149, 150, 151) upasampadaṃ akāsi, kāyato cīvaraparivattanaṃ akāsi, ākāse pāṇiṃ cāletvā candopamapaṭipadaṃ kathento maññeva sakkhiṃ katvā kathesi, tikkhattuṃ sakalasāsanaratanaṃ paṭicchāpesi, mādise bhikkhumhi tiṭṭhamāne ayaṃ pāpo sāsane vaḍḍhiṃ mā alattha, yāva adhammo na dippati, dhammo na paṭibāhiyyati, avinayo na dippati, vinayo na paṭibāhiyyati, adhammavādino na balavanto honti, dhammavādino <a name="V1.0039"></a> na dubbalā honti, avinayavādino na balavanto honti, vinayavādino na dubbalā honti, tāva dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyissāmi, tato bhikkhū attano attano pahonakaṃ <a name="M1.0043"></a> gahetvā kappiyākappiye kathessanti, athāyaṃ pāpo sayameva niggahaṃ pāpuṇissati, puna sīsaṃ ukkhipituṃ na sakkhissati, sāsanaṃ iddhañceva phīttañca bhavissatī’’ti cintetvā so ‘‘evaṃ nāma mayhaṃ cittaṃ uppanna’’nti kassacipi anārocetvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ samassāsetvā atha pacchā dhātubhājanadivase dhammavinayasaṅgāyanatthaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhaṃ janesi. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘āyasmā mahākassapo sattāhaparinibbute…pe… dhammavinayasaṅgāyanatthaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhaṃ janesī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">ala</span>nti paṭikkhepavacanaṃ, na yuttanti attho. <span class="bld">Āvuso</span>ti paridevante bhikkhū ālapati. <span class="bld">Mā socitthā</span>ti citte uppannabalavasokena mā sokamakattha. <span class="bld">Mā paridevitthā</span>ti vācāya mā vilāpamakattha. ‘‘Paridevanaṃ vilāpo’’ti hi vuttaṃ. Asocanādīnaṃ kāraṇamāha <span class="bld">‘‘sumuttā’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Tena mahāsamaṇenā</span>ti nissakke karaṇavacanaṃ, smāvacanassa vā nābyappadeso. <span class="bld">‘‘Upaddutā’’</span>ti pade pana kattari tatiyāvasena sambandho. Ubhayāpekkhañhetaṃ padaṃ. <span class="bld">Upaddutā ca homā</span>ti taṃkālāpekkhavattamānavacanaṃ, ‘‘tadā’’ti seso. Atītatthe vā vattamānavacanaṃ, ahumhāti attho. <span class="bld">Anussaranto</span> dhammasaṃvegavaseneva, na pana kodhādivasena. Dhammasabhāvacintāvasena hi pavattaṃ sahottappañāṇaṃ dhammasaṃvego. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbasaṅkhatadhammesu, ottappākārasaṇṭhitaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ñāṇamohitabhārānaṃ, dhammasaṃvegasaññita’’nti. (sārattha. ṭī. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aññaṃ ussāhajananakāraṇaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘īdisassā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">īdisassa ca saṅghasannipātassā</span>ti sattasatasahassagaṇapāmokkhattherappamukhagaṇanapathātikkantasaṅghasannipātaṃ sandhāya vadati. <span class="bld">‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjatī’’</span>tiādināpi aññaṃ kāraṇaṃ dasseti. Tiṭṭhati ettha phalaṃ tadāyattavuttitāyāti <span class="bld">ṭhānaṃ,</span> hetu. <span class="bld">Kho</span>ti avadhāraṇe. <span class="bld">Panā</span>ti vacanālaṅkāre, etaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjateva, no na vijjatīti attho. Kiṃ pana tanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yaṃ pāpabhikkhū’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Ya</span>nti nipātamattaṃ, kāraṇaniddeso vā, yena ṭhānena antaradhāpeyyuṃ, tadetaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatiyevāti. Pāpena lāmakena icchāvacarena samannāgatā bhikkhū <span class="bld">pāpabhikkhū</span><a name="M1.0044"></a>. Atīto satthā ettha, etassāti vā <span class="bld">atītasatthukaṃ</span> yathā ‘‘bahukattuko’’ti. Padhānaṃ vacanaṃ <span class="bld">pāvacanaṃ. Pā</span>-saddo <a name="V1.0040"></a> cettha nipāto ‘‘pā eva vutyassā’’tiādīsu viya. Upasaggapadaṃ vā etaṃ, dīghaṃ katvā pana tathā vuttaṃ yathā ‘‘pāvadatī’’tipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Pakkha</span>nti alajjipakkhaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Yāva cā’’</span>tiādinā saṅgītiyā sāsanaciraṭṭhitikabhāve kāraṇaṃ, sādhakañca dasseti. ‘‘Tasmā’’ti hi padamajjhāharitvā ‘‘saṅgāyeyya’’nti padena sambandhanīyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">yāva ca dhammavinayo tiṭṭhatī</span>ti yattakaṃ kālaṃ dhammo ca vinayo ca lajjipuggalesu tiṭṭhati. Parinibbānamañcake nipannena bhagavatā mahāparinibbānasutte (dī. ni. 2.216) vuttaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘vuttañheta’’</span>ntiādimāha. <span class="bld">Hi</span>-saddo āgamavasena daḷhijotako. <span class="bld">Desito paññatto</span>ti dhammopi desito ceva paññatto ca. Suttābhidhammasaṅgahitassa hi dhammassa atisajjanaṃ pabodhanaṃ desanā, tasseva pakārato ñāpanaṃ vineyyasantāne ṭhapanaṃ paññāpanaṃ. Vinayopi desito ceva paññatto ca. Vinayatantisaṅgahitassa hi atthassa atisajjanaṃ pabodhanaṃ desanā, tasseva pakārato ñāpanaṃ asaṅkarato ṭhapanaṃ paññāpanaṃ, tasmā kammadvayampi kiriyādvayena sambajjhanaṃ yujjatīti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">So</span>ti so dhammo ca vinayo ca. <span class="bld">Mamaccayenā</span>ti mama accayakāle. ‘‘Bhummatthe karaṇaniddeso’’ti hi akkharacintakā vadanti. Hetvatthe vā karaṇavacanaṃ, mama accayahetu tumhākaṃ satthā nāma bhavissatīti attho. Vuttañhi mahāparinibbānasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ ‘‘mayi parinibbute tumhākaṃ satthukiccaṃ sādhessatī’’ti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.216). Lakkhaṇavacanañhettha hetvatthasādhakaṃ yathā ‘‘nette ujuṃ gate satī’’ti (a. ni. 4.70; netti. 10.90, 93). Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – mayā vo ṭhiteneva ‘‘idaṃ lahukaṃ, idaṃ garukaṃ, idaṃ satekicchaṃ, idaṃ atekicchaṃ, idaṃ lokavajjaṃ, idaṃ paṇṇattivajjaṃ, ayaṃ āpatti puggalassa santike vuṭṭhāti, ayaṃ gaṇassa, ayaṃ saṅghassa santike vuṭṭhātī’’ti sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ avītikkamanīyatāvasena otiṇṇavatthusmiṃ sakhandhakaparivāro ubhatovibhaṅgo mahāvinayo nāma desito, taṃ sakalampi vinayapiṭakaṃ mayi parinibbute tumhākaṃ satthukiccaṃ sādhessati ‘‘idaṃ vo kattabbaṃ, idaṃ vo na kattabba’’nti kattabbākattabbassa vibhāgena <a name="M1.0045"></a> anusāsanato. Ṭhiteneva ca mayā ‘‘ime cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, cattāro sammappadhānā, cattāro iddhipādā, pañcindriyāni, pañca balāni, satta bojjhaṅgā, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo’’ti tena tena vineyyānaṃ ajjhāsayānurūpena pakārena ime sattatiṃsa bodhipakkhiyadhamme vibhajitvā vibhajitvā suttantapiṭakaṃ desitaṃ, taṃ sakalampi suttantapiṭakaṃ mayi parinibbute tumhākaṃ satthukiccaṃ sādhessati taṃtaṃcariyānurūpaṃ sammāpaṭipattiyā anusāsanato, ṭhiteneva ca mayā ‘‘ime <a name="V1.0041"></a> pañcakkhandhā (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.216), dvādasāyatanāni, aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo, cattāri saccāni, bāvīsatindriyāni, nava hetū, cattāro āhārā, satta phassā, satta vedanā, satta saññā, satta cetanā, satta cittāni. Tatrāpi ettakā dhammā kāmāvacarā, ettakā rūpāvacarā, ettakā arūpāvacarā, ettakā pariyāpannā, ettakā apariyāpannā, ettakā lokiyā, ettakā lokuttarā’’ti ime dhamme vibhajitvā vibhajitvā abhidhammapiṭakaṃ desitaṃ, taṃ sakalampi abhidhammapiṭakaṃ mayi parinibbute tumhākaṃ satthukiccaṃ sādhessati khandhādivibhāgena ñāyamānaṃ catusaccasambodhāvahattā. Iti sabbampetaṃ abhisambodhito yāva parinibbānā pañcacattālīsa vassāni bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ ‘‘tīṇi piṭakāni, pañca nikāyā, navaṅgāni, caturāsīti dhammakkhandhasahassānī’’ti evaṃ mahappabhedaṃ hoti. Imāni caturāsīti dhammakkhandhasahassāni tiṭṭhanti, ahaṃ ekova parinibbāyissāmi, ahañca panidāni ekova ovadāmi anusāsāmi, mayi parinibbute imāni caturāsīti buddhasahassāni tumhe ovadissanti anusāsissanti ovādānusāsanakiccassa nipphādanatoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sāsana</span>nti pariyattipaṭipattipaṭivedhavasena tividhampi sāsanaṃ, nippariyāyato pana sattatiṃsa bodhipakkhiyadhammā. Addhānaṃ gamitumalanti <span class="bld">addhaniyaṃ,</span> addhānagāmi addhānakkhamanti attho. Ciraṃ ṭhiti etassāti <span class="bld">ciraṭṭhitikaṃ.</span> Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yena pakārena idaṃ sāsanaṃ addhaniyaṃ, tatoyeva ca ciraṭṭhitikaṃ bhaveyya, tena pakārena dhammañca vinayañca yadi panāhaṃ saṅgāyeyyaṃ, sādhu vatāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni sammāsambuddhena attano kataṃ anuggahavisesaṃ samanussaritvā cintanākārampi dassento <span class="bld">‘‘yañcāhaṃ bhagavatā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha ‘‘yañcāha’’nti etassa ‘‘anuggahito, pasaṃsito’’ti etehi sambandho. <span class="bld">Ya</span>nti <a name="M1.0046"></a> yasmā, kiriyāparāmasanaṃ vā etaṃ, tena ‘‘anuggahito, pasaṃsito’’ti ettha anuggahaṇaṃ, pasaṃsanañca parāmasati. ‘‘Dhāressasī’’tiādikaṃ pana vacanaṃ bhagavā aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle mahākassapattherena paññattasaṅghāṭiyaṃ nisinno taṃ saṅghāṭiṃ padumapupphavaṇṇena pāṇinā antantena parāmasanto āha. Vuttañhetaṃ kassapasaṃyutte (saṃ. ni. 2.154) mahākassapatthereneva ānandattheraṃ āmantetvā kathentena –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Atha kho āvuso bhagavā maggā okkamma yena aññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ tenupasaṅkami, atha khvāhaṃ āvuso paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ catugguṇaṃ paññapetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocaṃ ‘idha bhante bhagavā nisīdatu, yaṃ mamassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’ti<a name="V1.0042"></a>. Nisīdi kho āvuso bhagavā paññatte āsane, nisajja kho maṃ āvuso bhagavā etadavoca ‘mudukā kho tyāyaṃ kassapa paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭī’ti. Paṭiggaṇhātu me bhante bhagavā paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ anukampaṃ upādāyāti. Dhāressasi pana me tvaṃ kassapa sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānīti. Dhāressāmahaṃ bhante bhagavato sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānīti. So khvāhaṃ āvuso paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ bhagavato pādāsiṃ, ahaṃ pana bhagavato sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanāni paṭipajji’’nti (saṃ. ni. 2.154).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">mudukā kho tyāya</span>nti mudukā kho te ayaṃ. Kasmā pana bhagavā evamāhāti? Therena saha cīvaraṃ parivattetukāmatāya. Kasmā parivattetukāmo jātoti? Theraṃ attano ṭhāne ṭhapetukāmatāya. Kiṃ sāriputtamoggallānā natthīti? Atthi, evaṃ panassa ahosi ‘‘ime na ciraṃ ṭhassanti, ‘kassapo pana vīsavassasatāyuko, so mayi parinibbute sattapaṇṇiguhāyaṃ vasitvā dhammavinayasaṅgahaṃ katvā mama sāsanaṃ pañcavassasahassaparimāṇakālaṃ pavattanakaṃ karissatī’’ti attano naṃ ṭhāne ṭhapesi, evaṃ bhikkhū kassapassa sussusitabbaṃ maññissantī’’ti tasmā evamāha. Thero pana yasmā cīvarassa vā pattassa vā vaṇṇe kathite ‘‘imaṃ tumhe gaṇhathā’’ti vacanaṃ cārittameva, tasmā ‘‘paṭiggaṇhātu me bhante bhagavā’’ti āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhāressasi</span> <a name="M1.0047"></a> <span class="bld">pana me tvaṃ kassapā</span>ti kassapa tvaṃ imāni paribhogajiṇṇāni paṃsukūlāni pārupituṃ sakkhissasīti vadati. Tañca kho na kāyabalaṃ sandhāya, paṭipattipūraṇaṃ pana sandhāya evamāha. Ayañhettha adhippāyo – ahaṃ imaṃ cīvaraṃ puṇṇaṃ nāma dāsiṃ pārupitvā āmakasusāne chaḍḍitaṃ susānaṃ pavisitvā tumbamattehi pāṇakehi samparikiṇṇaṃ te pāṇake vidhunitvā mahāariyavaṃse ṭhatvā aggahesiṃ, tassa me imaṃ cīvaraṃ gahitadivase dasasahassacakkavāḷe mahāpathavī mahāviravaṃ viravamānā kampittha, ākāsaṃ taṭataṭāyi, cakkavāḷe devatā sādhukāraṃ adaṃsu, imaṃ cīvaraṃ gaṇhantena bhikkhunā jātipaṃsukūlikena jātiāraññikena jātiekāsanikena jātisapadānacārikena bhavituṃ vaṭṭati, tvaṃ imassa cīvarassa anucchavikaṃ kātuṃ sakkhissasīti. Theropi attanā pañcannaṃ hatthīnaṃ balaṃ dhāreti, so taṃ atakkayitvā ‘‘ahametaṃ paṭipattiṃ pūressāmī’’ti ussāhena sugatacīvarassa anucchavikaṃ kātukāmo ‘‘dhāressāmahaṃ bhante’’ti āha. <span class="bld">Paṭipajji</span>nti paṭipannosiṃ. Evaṃ pana cīvaraparivattanaṃ <a name="V1.0043"></a> katvā therena pārupitacīvaraṃ bhagavā pārupi, satthu cīvaraṃ thero. Tasmiṃ samaye mahāpathavī udakapariyantaṃ katvā unnadantī kampittha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sāṇāni paṃsukūlānī</span>ti matakaḷevaraṃ pariveṭhetvā chaḍḍitāni tumbamatte kimī papphoṭetvā gahitāni sāṇavākamayāni paṃsukūlacīvarāni. <span class="bld">Nibbasanānī</span>ti niṭṭhitavasanakiccāni, paribhogajiṇṇānīti attho. Ettha ca kiñcāpi ekameva taṃ cīvaraṃ, anekāvayavattā pana bahuvacanaṃ katanti <span class="bld">majjhimagaṇṭhipade</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Cīvare sādhāraṇaparibhogenā</span>ti ettha attanā sādhāraṇaparibhogenāti atthassa viññāyamānattā, viññāyamānatthassa ca saddassa payoge kāmācārattā ‘‘attanā’’ti na vuttaṃ. ‘‘Dhāressasi pana me tvaṃ kassapa sāṇāni paṃsukūlānī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.154) hi vuttattā ‘‘attanāva sādhāraṇaparibhogenā’’ti viññāyati, nāññena. Na hi kevalaṃ saddatoyeva sabbattha atthanicchayo, atthapakaraṇādināpi yebhuyyena atthassa niyamitattā. Ācariyadhammapālattherena panettha evaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘cīvare sādhāraṇaparibhogenāti ettha ‘attanā samasamaṭṭhapanenā’ti idha vuttaṃ attanā – saddamānetvā ‘cīvare attanā sādhāraṇaparibhogenā’ti yojetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yassa <a name="M1.0048"></a> yena hi sambandho, dūraṭṭhampi ca tassa taṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atthato hyasamānānaṃ, āsannattamakāraṇanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā bhagavatā cīvare sādhāraṇaparibhogena bhagavatā anuggahitoti yojanīyaṃ. Ekassāpi hi karaṇaniddesassa sahādiyogakattutthajotakattasambhavato’’ti. Samānaṃ dhāraṇametassāti <span class="bld">sādhāraṇo,</span> tādiso paribhogoti <span class="bld">sādhāraṇaparibhogo,</span> tena. Sādhāraṇaparibhogena ca samasamaṭṭhapanena ca anuggahitoti sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ahaṃ bhikkhave, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi, kassapopi bhikkhave yāvade ākaṅkhati vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’tiādinā (saṃ. ni. 2.152) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Navānupubbavihārachaḷabhiññāpabhede <a name="V1.0044"></a> uttarimanussadhamme attanā samasamaṭṭhapanatthāya bhagavatā vuttaṃ kassapasaṃyutte (saṃ. ni. 2.151) āgataṃ pāḷimimaṃ peyyālamukhena, ādiggahaṇena ca saṅkhipitvā dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘ahaṃ bhikkhave’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">yāvade</span>ti yāvadeva, yattakaṃ kālaṃ ākaṅkhāmi, tattakaṃ kālaṃ viharāmīti attho. Tatoyeva hi <span class="bld">majjhimagaṇṭhipade, cūḷagaṇṭhipade</span> ca <span class="bld">‘‘yāvade</span>ti yāvadevāti vuttaṃ hotī’’ti likhitaṃ. <span class="bld">Saṃyuttaṭṭhakathāya</span>mpi ‘‘yāvade ākaṅkhāmīti yāvadeva icchāmī’’ti (saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 1.2.152) attho vutto. Tathā hi tattha līnatthapakāsaniyaṃ<span class="bld"> ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> ‘‘yāvadevāti iminā samānatthaṃ ‘yāvade’ti idaṃ pada’’nti vuttaṃ. Potthakesu pana katthaci ‘‘yāvadevā’’ti ayameva pāṭho dissati. Api ca <span class="bld">yāvade</span>ti yattakaṃ samāpattivihāraṃ viharituṃ ākaṅkhāmi, tattakaṃ samāpattivihāraṃ viharāmīti samāpattiṭṭhāne, yattakaṃ abhiññāvohāraṃ voharituṃ <a name="M1.0049"></a> ākaṅkhāmi, tattakaṃ abhiññāvohāraṃ voharāmīti abhiññāṭhāne ca saha pāṭhasesena attho veditabbo. <span class="bld">Ācariyadhammapālattherenā</span>pi tadevatthaṃ yathālābhanayena dassetuṃ ‘‘yattake samāpattivihāre, abhiññāvohāre vā ākaṅkhanto vihārāmi ceva voharāmi ca, tathā kassapopīti attho’’ti vuttaṃ. Apare pana ‘‘yāvadeti ‘yaṃ paṭhamajjhānaṃ ākaṅkhāmi, taṃ paṭhamajjhānaṃ upasampajja vihārāmī’tiādinā samāpattiṭṭhāne, iddhividhābhiññāṭhāne ca ajjhāharitassa ta-saddassa kammavasena ‘yaṃ dibbasotaṃ ākaṅkhāmi, tena dibbasotena sadde suṇāmī’tiādinā sesābhiññāṭhāne karaṇavasena yojanā vattabbā’’ti vadanti. <span class="bld">Vivicceva kāmehī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">eva</span>-saddo niyamattho, ubhayattha yojetabbo. Yamettha vattabbaṃ, tadupari āvi bhavissati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Navānupubbavihārachaḷabhiññāppabhede</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">navānupubbavihārā</span> nāma anupaṭipāṭiyā samāpajjitabbattā evaṃsaññitā nirodhasamāpattiyā saha aṭṭha samāpattiyo. <span class="bld">Chaḷabhiññā</span> nāma āsavakkhayañāṇena saha pañcābhiññāyo. Katthaci potthake cettha ādisaddo dissati. So anadhippeto yathāvuttāya pāḷiyā gahetabbassa atthassa anavasesattā. Manussesu, manussānaṃ vā uttaribhūtānaṃ, uttarīnaṃ vā manussānaṃ jhāyīnañceva ariyānañca dhammoti <span class="bld">uttarimanussadhammo,</span> manussadhammā vā uttarīti <span class="bld">uttarimanussadhammo.</span> Dasa kusalakammapathā cettha vinā bhāvanāmanasikārena pakatiyāva manussehi nibbattetabbato, manussattabhāvāvahanato ca <span class="bld">manussadhammo</span> nāma, tato uttari pana jhānādi uttarimanussadhammoti veditabbo. <span class="bld">Samasamaṭṭhapanenā</span>ti ‘‘ahaṃ yattakaṃ kālaṃ, yattake vā samāpattivihāre, yattakā abhiññāyo ca vaḷañjemi<a name="V1.0045"></a>, tathā kassapopī’’ti evaṃ samasamaṃ katvā ṭhapanena. Anekaṭṭhānesu ṭhapanaṃ, kassacipi uttarimanussadhammassa asesabhāvena ekantasamaṭṭhapanaṃ vā sandhāya ‘‘samasamaṭṭhapanenā’’ti vuttaṃ, idañca navānupubbavihārachaḷabhiññābhāvasāmaññena pasaṃsāmattanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Na hi āyasmā mahākassapo bhagavā viya devasikaṃ catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassasaṅkhyā samāpattiyo samāpajjati, yamakapāṭihāriyādivasena ca abhiññāyo vaḷañjetīti. Ettha ca uttarimanussadhamme attanā samasamaṭṭhapanenā’’ti idaṃ nidassanamattanti veditabbaṃ. Tathā hi –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ovada <a name="M1.0050"></a> kassapa bhikkhū, karohi kassapa bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ, ahaṃ vā kassapa bhikkhū ovadeyyaṃ, tvaṃ vā. Ahaṃ vā kassapa bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ, tvaṃ vā’’ti –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evampi attanā samasamaṭṭhapanamakāsiyevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tathā</span>ti rūpūpasaṃhāro yathā anuggahito, tathā pasaṃsitoti. <span class="bld">Ākāse pāṇiṃ cāletvā</span>ti bhagavatā attanoyeva pāṇiṃ ākāse cāletvā kulesu alaggacittatāya ceva karaṇabhūtāya pasaṃsitoti sambandho. <span class="bld">Alaggacittatāyā</span>ti vā ādhāre bhummaṃ, ākāse pāṇiṃ cāletvā kulūpakassa bhikkhuno alaggacittatāya kulesu alagganacittena bhavituṃ yuttatāya ceva maññeva sakkhiṃ katvā pasaṃsitoti attho. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Atha kho bhagavā ākāse pāṇiṃ cālesi seyyathāpi bhikkhave, ayaṃ ākāse pāṇi na sajjati na gayhati na bajjhati, evameva kho bhikkhave yassa kassaci bhikkhuno kulāni upasaṅkamato kulesu cittaṃ na sajjati na gayhati na bajjhati ‘labhantu lābhakāmā, puññakāmā karontu puññānī’ti. Yathā sakena lābhena attamano hoti sumano, evaṃ paresaṃ lābhena attamano hoti sumano. Evarūpo kho bhikkhave bhikkhu arahati kulāni upasaṅkamituṃ. Kassapassa bhikkhave kulāni upasaṅkamato kulesu cittaṃ na sajjati na gayhati na bajjhati ‘labhantu lābhakāmā, puññakāmā karontu puññānī’ti. Yathā sakena lābhena attamano hoti sumano, evaṃ paresaṃ lābhena attamano hoti sumano’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.146).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">ākāse pāṇiṃ cālesī</span>ti nīle gaganantare yamakavijjukaṃ sañcālayamāno viya heṭṭhābhāge<a name="V1.0046"></a>, uparibhāge, ubhato ca passesu pāṇiṃ sañcālesi, idañca pana tepiṭake buddhavacane asambhinnapadaṃ nāma. <span class="bld">Attamano</span>ti sakamano, na domanassena pacchinditvā gahitamano. <span class="bld">Sumano</span>ti tuṭṭhamano, idāni yo hīnādhimuttiko micchāpaṭipanno evaṃ <a name="M1.0051"></a> vadeyya ‘‘sammāsambuddho ‘alaggacittatāya ākāse cālitapāṇūpamā kulāni upasaṅkamathā’ti vadanto aṭṭhāne ṭhapeti, asayhabhāraṃ āropeti, yaṃ na sakkā kātuṃ, taṃ kārehī’’ti, tassa vādapathaṃ pacchinditvā ‘‘sakkā ca kho evaṃ kātuṃ, atthi evarūpo bhikkhū’’ti āyasmantaṃ mahākassapattherameva sakkhiṃ katvā dassento <span class="bld">‘‘kassapassa bhikkhave’’</span>tiādimāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aññampi pasaṃsanamāha <span class="bld">‘‘candopamapaṭipadāya cā’’</span>ti, candapaṭibhāgāya paṭipadāya ca karaṇabhūtāya pasaṃsito, tassaṃ vā ādhārabhūtāya maññeva sakkhiṃ katvā pasaṃsitoti attho. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Candūpamā bhikkhave kulāni upasaṅkamatha apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ niccanavakā kulesu appagabbhā. Seyyathāpi bhikkhave puriso jarudapānaṃ vā olokeyya pabbatavisamaṃ vā nadīviduggaṃ vā apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ, evameva kho bhikkhave candūpamā kulāni upasaṅkamatha apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ niccanavakā kulesu appagabbhā. Kassapo bhikkhave candūpamo kulāni upasaṅkamati apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ niccanavako kulesu appagabbho’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.146).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">candūpamā</span>ti candasadisā hutvā. Kiṃ parimaṇḍalatāya sadisāti? No, apica kho yathā cando gaganatalaṃ pakkhandamāno na kenaci saddhiṃ santhavaṃ vā sinehaṃ vā ālayaṃ vā nikantiṃ vā patthanaṃ vā pariyuṭṭhānaṃ vā karoti, na ca na hoti mahājanassa piyo manāpo, tumhepi evaṃ kenaci saddhiṃ santhavādīnaṃ akaraṇena bahujanassa piyā manāpā candūpamā hutvā khattiyakulādīni cattāri kulāni upasaṅkamathāti attho. Apica yathā cando andhakāraṃ vidhamati, ālokaṃ pharati, evaṃ kilesandhakāravidhamanena, ñāṇālokapharaṇena ca candūpamā hutvāti evamādīhipi nayehi attho daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa citta</span>nti teneva santhavādīnamakaraṇena kāyañca cittañca apakassitvā, akaḍḍhitvā apanetvāti attho. <span class="bld">Niccanavakā</span>ti niccaṃ navikāva, āgantukasadisā <a name="V1.0047"></a> eva hutvāti attho. Āgantuko <a name="M1.0052"></a> hi paṭipāṭiyā sampattagehaṃ pavisitvā sace naṃ gharasāmikā disvā ‘‘amhākaṃ puttabhātaropi vippavāsagatā evaṃ vicariṃsū’’ti anukampamānā nisīdāpetvā bhojenti, bhuttamattoyeva ‘‘tumhākaṃ bhājanaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti uṭṭhāya pakkamati, na tehi saddhiṃ santhavaṃ vā karoti, kiccakaraṇīyāni vā saṃvidahati, evaṃ tumhepi paṭipāṭiyā sampattagharaṃ pavisitvā yaṃ iriyāpathesu pasannā manussā denti, taṃ gahetvā pacchinnasanthavā tesaṃ kiccakaraṇīye abyāvaṭā hutvā nikkhamathāti dīpeti. <span class="bld">Appagabbhā</span>ti na pagabbhā, aṭṭhaṭṭhānena kāyapāgabbhiyena, catuṭṭhānena vacīpāgabbhiyena, anekaṭṭhānena manopāgabbhiyena ca virahitā kulāni upasaṅkamathāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Jarudapāna</span>nti jiṇṇakūpaṃ. <span class="bld">Pabbatavisama</span>nti pabbate visamaṃ papātaṭṭhānaṃ. <span class="bld">Nadīvidugga</span>nti nadiyā viduggaṃ chinnataṭaṭṭhānaṃ. <span class="bld">Evameva kho</span>ti ettha idaṃ opammasaṃsandanaṃ – jarudapānādayo viya hi cattāri kulāni, olokanapuriso viya bhikkhu, yathā pana anapakaṭṭhakāyacitto tāni olokento puriso tattha patati, evaṃ arakkhitehi kāyādīhi kulāni upasaṅkamanto bhikkhu kulesu bajjhati, tato nānappakāraṃ sīlapādabhañjanādikaṃ anatthaṃ pāpuṇāti. Yathā pana apakaṭṭhakāyacitto puriso tattha na patati, evaṃ rakkhiteneva kāyena, rakkhitāya vācāya, rakkhitehi cittehi, sūpaṭṭhitāya satiyā apakaṭṭhakāyacitto hutvā kulāni upasaṅkamanto bhikkhu kulesu na bajjhati, athassa sīlasaddhāsamādhipaññāsaṅkhātāni pādahatthakucchisīsāni na bhañjanti, rāgakaṇṭakādayo na vijjhanti, sukhito yenakāmaṃ agatapubbaṃ nibbānadisaṃ gacchati, evarūpo ayaṃ mahākassapoti hīnādhimuttikassa micchāpaṭipannassa vādapathapacchindanatthaṃ mahākassapattheraṃ eva sakkhiṃ katvā dassento <span class="bld">‘‘kassapo bhikkhave’’</span>tiādimāhāti. Evampettha atthamicchantialaggacittatāsaṅkhātāya candopamapaṭipadāya karaṇabhūtāya pasaṃsito, tassaṃ vā ādhārabhūtāya maññeva sakkhiṃ katvā pasaṃsitoti, evaṃ sati ceva-saddo, ca-saddo ca na payujjitabbo dvinnaṃ padānaṃ tulyādhikaraṇattā, ayameva attho pāṭho ca yuttataro viya dissati <span class="bld">parinibbānasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ</span> ‘‘ākāse pāṇiṃ cāletvā candūpamaṃ paṭipadaṃ kathento maṃ kāyasakkhiṃ katvā kathesī’’ti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.232) vuttattāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tassa</span> <a name="M1.0053"></a> <span class="bld">kimaññaṃ āṇaṇyaṃ bhavissati,</span> aññatra dhammavinayasaṅgāyanāti adhippāyo. Tattha <span class="bld">tassā</span>ti yaṃ-saddassa kāraṇanidassane ‘‘tasmā’’ti ajjhāharitvā tassa meti attho, kiriyāparāmasane pana tassa anuggahaṇassa, pasaṃsanassa cāti. Potthakesupi katthaci ‘‘tassa me’’ti pāṭho dissati, evaṃ sati kiriyāparāmasane ‘‘tassā’’ti aparaṃ padamajjhāharitabbaṃ. Natthi <a name="V1.0048"></a> iṇaṃ yassāti aṇaṇo, tassa bhāvo <span class="bld">āṇaṇyaṃ.</span> Dhammavinayasaṅgāyanaṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ kiṃ nāma tassa iṇavirahitattaṃ bhavissati, na bhavissati evāti attho. <span class="bld">‘‘Nanu maṃ bhagavā’’</span>tiādinā vuttamevatthaṃ upamāvasena vibhāveti. <span class="bld">Sakakavacaissariyānuppadānenā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">kavaco</span> nāma uracchado, yena uro chādīyate, tassa ca cīvaranidassanena gahaṇaṃ, issariyassa pana abhiññāsamāpattinidassanenāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Kulavaṃsappatiṭṭhāpaka</span>nti kulavaṃsassa kulapaveṇiyā patiṭṭhāpakaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Me’’</span>ti padassa niccasāpekkhattā <span class="bld">saddhammavaṃsappatiṭṭhāpako</span>ti samāso. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – sattusaṅghanimmaddanena attano kulavaṃsappatiṭṭhāpanatthaṃ sakakavacaissariyānuppadānena kulavaṃsappatiṭṭhāpakaṃ puttaṃ rājā viya bhagavāpi maṃ dīghadassī ‘‘saddhammavaṃsappatiṭṭhāpako me ayaṃ bhavissatī’’ti mantvā sāsanapaccatthikagaṇanimmaddanena saddhammavaṃsappatiṭṭhāpanatthaṃ cīvaradānasamasamaṭṭhapanasaṅkhātena iminā asādhāraṇānuggahena anuggahesi nanu, imāya ca uḷārāya pasaṃsāya pasaṃsi nanūti. <span class="bld">Iti cintayanto</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">iti</span>saddena ‘‘antaradhāpeyyuṃ, saṅgāyeyyaṃ, kimaññaṃ āṇaṇyaṃ bhavissatī’’ti vacanapubbaṅgamaṃ, ‘‘ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjatī’’tiādi vākyattayaṃ nidasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni yathāvuttamatthaṃ saṅgītikkhandhakapāḷiyā sādhento āha <span class="bld">‘‘yathāhā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">yathāhā</span>ti kiṃ āha, mayā vuttassa atthassa sādhakaṃ kiṃ āhāti vuttaṃ hoti. Yathā vā yena pakārena mayā vuttaṃ, tathā tena pakārena pāḷiyampi āhāti attho. Yathā vā yaṃ vacanaṃ pāḷiyaṃ āha, tathā tena vacanena mayā vuttavacanaṃ saṃsandati ceva sameti ca yathā taṃ gaṅgodakena yamunodakantipi vattabbo pāḷiyā sādhanatthaṃ udāharitabhāvassa paccakkhato viññāyamānattā, viññāyamānatthassa ca saddassa payoge kāmācārattā. Adhippāyavibhāvanatthā hi atthayojanā. Yathā vā yena pakārena dhammavinayasaṅgāyanatthaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ <a name="M1.0054"></a> ussāhaṃ janesi, tathā tena pakārena pāḷiyampi āhāti attho. Evamīdisesu.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ekamidāha</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">ida</span>nti nipātamattaṃ. <span class="bld">Ekaṃ samaya</span>nti ca bhummatthe upayogavacanaṃ, ekasmiṃ samayeti attho. <span class="bld">Pāvāyā</span>ti pāvānagarato, tattha piṇḍāya caritvā ‘‘kusināraṃ gamissāmī’’ti <span class="bld">addhānamaggappaṭipanno</span>ti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Addhānamaggo</span>ti ca dīghamaggo vuccati, dīghapariyāyo hettha addhānasaddo. <span class="bld">Mahatā</span>ti guṇamahattenapi saṅkhyāmahattenapi mahatā. <span class="bld">‘‘Pañcamattehī’’</span>tiādinā saṅkhyāmahattaṃ dasseti, mattasaddo ca pamāṇavacano ‘‘bhojane mattaññutā’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 3.16) viya. ‘‘Dhammavinayasaṅgāyanatthaṃ ussāhaṃ janesī’’ti etassatthassa sādhanatthaṃ āhatā ‘‘atha kho’’tiādikā pāḷi yathāvuttamatthaṃ na sādheti<a name="V1.0049"></a>. Na hettha ussāhajananappakāro āgatoti codanaṃ pariharitumāha <span class="bld">‘‘sabbaṃ subhaddakaṇḍaṃ vitthārato veditabba’’</span>nti. Evampesā codanā tadavatthāyevāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tato paraṃ āhā’’</span>tiādi. Apica yathāvuttatthasādhikā pāḷi mahatarāti ganthagarutāpariharaṇatthaṃ majjhe peyyālamukhena ādiantameva pāḷiṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘sabbaṃ subhaddakaṇḍaṃ vitthārato veditabba’’</span>nti āha. Tena hi ‘‘atha khvāhaṃ āvuso maggā okkamma aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdī’’ti (cūḷava. 437) vuttapāḷito paṭṭhāya ‘‘yaṃ na icchissāma, na taṃ karissāmā’’ti (cūḷava. 437) vuttapāḷipariyosānaṃ subhaddakaṇḍaṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Tato para’’</span>ntiādinā pana tadavasesaṃ ‘‘handa mayaṃ āvuso’’tiādikaṃ ussāhajananappakāradassanapāḷiṃ. Tasmā <span class="bld">tato paraṃ āhā</span>ti ettha subhaddakaṇḍato paraṃ ussāhajananappakāradassanavacanamāhāti attho veditabbo. <span class="bld">Mahāgaṇṭhipadepi</span> hi soyevattho vutto. Ācariyasāriputtattherenāpi (sārattha. ṭī. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) tatheva adhippeto. Ācariyadhammapālattherena pana ‘‘tato paranti tato bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhajananato parato’’ti (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) vuttaṃ, tadetaṃ vicāretabbaṃ heṭṭhā ussāhajananappakārassa pāḷiyaṃ avuttattā. Ayameva hi ussāhajananappakāro yadidaṃ ‘‘handa mayaṃ āvuso dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyeyyāma, pure adhammo dippatī’’tiādi. Yadi <a name="M1.0055"></a> pana subhaddakaṇḍameva ussāhajananahetubhūtassa subhaddena vuttavacanassa pakāsanattā ussāhajanananti vadeyya, natthevettha vicāretabbatāti. <span class="bld">Pure adhammo dippatī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">adhammo</span> nāma dasakusalakammapathapaṭipakkhabhūto adhammo. Dhammavinayasaṅgāyanatthaṃ ussāhajananappasaṅgattā vā tadasaṅgāyanahetuko dosagaṇopi sambhavati, ‘‘adhammavādino balavanto honti, dhammavādino dubbalā hontī’’ti vuttattā sīlavipattiādihetuko pāpicchatādidosagaṇo adhammotipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Pure dippatī</span>ti api nāma dippati. Saṃsayatthe hi pure-saddo. Atha vā yāva adhammo dhammaṃ paṭibāhituṃ samattho hoti, tato puretaramevāti attho. Āsanne hi anadhippete ayaṃ pure-saddo. <span class="bld">Dippatī</span>ti dippissati, pure-saddayogena hi anāgatatthe ayaṃ vattamānapayogo yathā ‘‘purā vassati devo’’ti. Tathā hi vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Anāgate sannicchaye, tathātīte ciratane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kāladvayepi kavīhi, puresaddo payujjate’’ti. (vajira. ṭī. bāhiranidānakathāvaṇṇanā);</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pureyāvapurāyoge<a name="V1.0050"></a>, niccaṃ vā karahi kadā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Lacchāyamapi kiṃ vutte, vattamānā bhavissatī’’ti ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci panettha evaṃ vaṇṇayanti – <span class="bld">pure</span>ti pacchā anāgate, yathā addhānaṃ gacchantassa gantabbamaggo ‘‘pure’’ti vuccati, tathā idhāpi maggagamananayena anāgatakālo ‘‘pure’’ti vuccatīti. Evaṃ sati taṃkālāpekkhāya cettha vattamānapayogo sambhavati. <span class="bld">Dhammo paṭibāhiyyatī</span>ti etthāpi pure-saddena yojetvā vuttanayena attho veditabbo, tathā dhammopi adhammaviparītavasena, ito parampi eseva nayo. <span class="bld">Avinayo</span>ti pahānavinayasaṃvaravinayānaṃ paṭipakkhabhūto avinayo. <span class="bld">Vinayavādino dubbalā hontī</span>ti evaṃ iti-saddena pāṭho, so ‘‘tato paraṃ āhā’’ti ettha āha-saddena sambajjhitabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tena hī</span>ti uyyojanatthe nipāto. Uccinane uyyojentā hi mahākassapattheraṃ evamāhaṃsu <span class="bld">‘‘bhikkhū uccinatū’’</span>ti, saṅgītiyā anurūpe bhikkhū uccinitvā upadhāretvā gaṇhātūti attho. <span class="bld">‘‘Sakala…pe… pariggahesī’’</span>ti etena sukkhavipassakakhīṇāsavapariyantānaṃ yathāvuttapuggalānaṃ satipi <a name="M1.0056"></a> āgamādhigamasambhave saha paṭisambhidāhi pana tevijjādiguṇayuttānaṃ āgamādhigamasampattiyā ukkaṃsagatattā saṅgītiyā bahūpakārataṃ dasseti. Sakalaṃ suttageyyādikaṃ navaṅgaṃ ettha, etassāti vā <span class="bld">sakalanavaṅgaṃ,</span> satthu bhagavato sāsanaṃ <span class="bld">satthusāsanaṃ</span> sāsīyati etenāti katvā, tadeva satthusāsananti <span class="bld">sakalanavaṅgasatthusāsanaṃ.</span> Nava vā suttageyyādīni aṅgāni ettha, etassāti vā <span class="bld">navaṅgaṃ,</span> tameva satthusāsanaṃ, tañca sakalameva, na ekadesanti tathā. Atthakāmena pariyāpuṇitabbā sikkhitabbā, diṭṭhadhammikādipurisatthaṃ vā nipphādetuṃ pariyattā samatthāti <span class="bld">pariyatti,</span> tīṇi piṭakāni, sakalanavaṅgasatthusāsanasaṅkhātā pariyatti, taṃ dhārentīti tathā, tādiseti attho. <span class="bld">Puthujjana…pe… sukkhavipassakakhīṇāsavabhikkhū</span>ti ettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Duve puthujjanā vuttā, buddhenādiccabandhunā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Andho puthujjano eko, kalyāṇeko puthujjano’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.7; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.2; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 2.61; a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.51; cūḷani. aṭṭha. 88; paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 2.130); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Vuttesu kalyāṇaputhujjanāva adhippetā saddantarasannidhānenapi atthavisesassa viññātabbattā. Samathabhāvanāsinehābhāvena <a name="V1.0051"></a> sukkhā lūkhā asiniddhā vipassanā etesanti <span class="bld">sukkhavipassakā,</span> teyeva khīṇāsavāti tathā. ‘‘Bhikkhū’’ti pana sabbattha yojetabbaṃ. Vuttañhi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yañcatthavato saddekasesato vāpi suyyate;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Taṃ sambajjhate paccekaṃ, yathālābhaṃ kadācipī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tipiṭakasabbapariyattippabhedadhare</span>ti ettha tiṇṇaṃ piṭakānaṃ samāhāro <span class="bld">tipiṭakaṃ,</span> taṃsaṅkhātaṃ navaṅgādivasena anekabhedabhinnaṃ sabbaṃ pariyattippabhedaṃ dhārentīti tathā, tādise. Anu anu taṃ samaṅginaṃ bhāveti vaḍḍhetīti anubhāvo, soyeva <span class="bld">ānubhāvo,</span> pabhāvo, mahanto ānubhāvo yesaṃ te <span class="bld">mahānubhāvā.</span> ‘‘Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave’’ti bhagavatā vuttavacanamupādāya pavattattā ‘‘etadagga’’nti padaṃ anukaraṇajanāmaṃ nāma yathā ‘‘yevāpanaka’’nti, tabbasena vuttaṭṭhānantaramidha <span class="bld">etadaggaṃ,</span> tamāropiteti attho. Etadaggaṃ eso bhikkhu aggoti vā āropitepi vaṭṭati. Tadanāropitāpi avasesaguṇasampannattā uccinitā tattha santīti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yebhuyyenā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Tisso vijjā <span class="bld">tevijjā,</span> tā <a name="M1.0057"></a> ādi yesaṃ chaḷabhiññādīnanti <span class="bld">tevijjādayo,</span> te bhedā anekappakārā yesanti <span class="bld">tevijjādibhedā.</span> Atha vā tisso vijjā assa khīṇāsavassāti <span class="bld">tevijjo,</span> so ādi yesaṃ chaḷabhiññādīnanti <span class="bld">tevijjādayo,</span> teyeva bhedā yesanti <span class="bld">tevijjādibhedā.</span> Tevijjachaḷabhiññādivasena anekabhedabhinne khīṇāsavabhikkhūyevāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Ye sandhāya vutta</span>nti ye bhikkhū sandhāya idaṃ ‘‘atha kho’’tiādivacanaṃ saṅgītikkhandhake vuttaṃ. Iminā kiñcāpi pāḷiyaṃ avisesatova vuttaṃ, tathāpi visesena yathāvuttakhīṇāsavabhikkhūyeva sandhāya vuttanti pāḷiyā saṃsandanaṃ karoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca sakalanavaṅgasatthusāsanapariyattidharā khīṇāsavā anekasatā, anekasahassā ca, kasmā thero ekenūnamakāsīti codanaṃ uddharitvā visesakāraṇadassanena taṃ pariharituṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kissa panā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">kissā</span>ti kasmā. Pakkhantarajotako <span class="bld">pana</span>-saddo. <span class="bld">Okāsakaraṇattha</span>nti okāsakaraṇanimittaṃ okāsakaraṇahetu. <span class="bld">Attha</span>-saddo hi ‘‘chaṇatthañca nagarato nikkhamitvā missakapabbataṃ abhiruhatū’’tiādīsu viya kāraṇavacano, ‘‘kissa hetū’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.238) viya ca hetvatthe paccattavacanaṃ. Tathā hi vaṇṇayanti ‘‘chaṇatthanti chaṇanimittaṃ chaṇahetūti attho’’ti. Evañca sati pucchāsabhāgatāvissajjanāya hoti, esa nayo īdisesu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmā panassa okāsamakāsīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tenā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Hi</span>-saddo kāraṇatthe. <span class="bld">‘‘So hāyasmā’’</span>tiādinā <a name="V1.0052"></a> ‘‘sahāpi vināpi na sakkā’’ti vuttavacane paccekaṃ kāraṇaṃ dasseti. Keci pana ‘‘tamatthaṃ vivaratī’’ti vadanti, tadayuttaṃ ‘‘tasmā’’ti kāraṇavacanadassanato. ‘‘Tasmā’’tiādinā hi kāraṇadassanaṭṭhāne kāraṇajotakoyeva hi-saddo. Saññāṇamattajotakā sākhābhaṅgopamā hi nipātāti, evamīdisesu. Sikkhatīti <span class="bld">sekkho,</span> sikkhanaṃ vā <span class="bld">sikkhā,</span> sāyeva tassa sīlanti <span class="bld">sekkho.</span> So hi apariyositasikkhattā, tadadhimuttattā ca ekantena sikkhanasīlo, na asekkho viya pariniṭṭhitasikkho tattha paṭippassaddhussāho, nāpi vissaṭṭhasikkho pacurajano viya tattha anadhimutto, kitavasena viya ca taddhitavasenidha tappakatiyattho gayhati yathā ‘‘kāruṇiko’’ti. Atha vā ariyāya jātiyā tīsupi sikkhāsu jāto, tattha vā bhavoti <a name="M1.0058"></a> <span class="bld">sekkho.</span> Apica ikkhati etāyāti <span class="bld">ikkhā,</span> maggaphalasammādiṭṭhi, saha ikkhāyāti <span class="bld">sekkho.</span> Uparimaggattayakiccassa apariyositattā saha karaṇīyenāti <span class="bld">sakaraṇīyo. Assā</span>ti anena, ‘‘appaccakkhaṃ nāmā’’ti etena sambandho. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti vā ‘‘natthī’’ti ettha kiriyāpaṭiggahakavacanaṃ. Paguṇappavattibhāvato <span class="bld">appaccakkhaṃ</span> nāma natthi. Vinayaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana ‘‘asammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ nāma natthī’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) vuttaṃ, taṃ’’ dve sahassāni bhikkhuto’’ti vuttampi bhagavato santike paṭiggahitameva nāmāti katvā vuttaṃ. Tathā hi sāvakabhāsitampi suttaṃ ‘‘buddhabhāsita’’nti vuccatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Yathāhā’’</span>tiādinā āyasmatā ānandena vuttagāthameva sādhakabhāvena dasseti. Ayañhi gāthā gopakamoggallānena nāma brāhmaṇena ‘‘buddhasāsane tvaṃ bahussutoti pākaṭo, kittakā dhammā te satthārā bhāsitā, tayā ca dhāritā’’ti pucchitena tassa paṭivacanaṃ dentena āyasmatā ānandeneva gopakamoggallānasutte, attano guṇadassanavasena vā theragāthāyampi bhāsitā. Tatthāyaṃ saṅkhepattho – <span class="bld">buddhato</span> satthu santikā <span class="bld">dvāsīti</span> dhammakkhandha<span class="bld">sahassāni</span> ahaṃ <span class="bld">gaṇhiṃ</span> adhigaṇhiṃ, <span class="bld">dve</span> dhammakkhandha<span class="bld">sahassāni bhikkhuto</span> dhammasenāpatiādīnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santikā <span class="bld">gaṇhiṃ. Ye</span> dhammā <span class="bld">me</span> jivhāgge, hadaye vā <span class="bld">pavattino</span> paguṇā vācuggatā, te dhammā tadubhayaṃ sampiṇḍetvā <span class="bld">caturāsī</span>ti dhammakkhandha<span class="bld">sahassānī</span>ti. Keci pana ‘‘yemeti ettha ‘ye ime’ti padacchedaṃ katvā ye ime dhammā buddhassa, bhikkhūnañca pavattino pavattitā, tesu dhammesu buddhato dvāsīti sahassāni ahaṃ gaṇhiṃ, dve sahassāni bhikkhuto gaṇhiṃ, evaṃ caturāsīti dhammakkhandhasahassānī’’ti sambandhaṃ vadanti, ayañca sambandho ‘‘ettakāyeva dhammakkhandhā’’ti sanniṭṭhānassa aviññāyamānattā kecivādo nāma kato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Sahāpi <a name="V1.0053"></a> na sakkā’’ti vattabbahetuto ‘‘vināpi na sakkā’’ti vattabbahetuyeva balavataro saṅgītiyā bahukārattā. Tasmā tattha codanaṃ dassetvā pariharituṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yadi eva’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">yadi eva</span>nti evaṃ vinā yadi na sakkā, tathā satīti attho. <span class="bld">Sekkhopi samāno</span>ti sekkhapuggalo samānopi. Māna-saddo hettha lakkhaṇe. <span class="bld">Bahukārattā</span>ti bahūpakārattā. Upakāravacano hi kāra-saddo ‘‘appakampi <a name="M1.0059"></a> kataṃ kāraṃ, puññaṃ hoti mahapphala’’ntiādīsu viya. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti bhaveyya. <span class="bld">Atha</span>-saddo pucchāyaṃ. Pañhe ‘‘atha tvaṃ kena vaṇṇenā’’ti hi payogamudāharanti. ‘‘Evaṃ sante’’ti pana attho vattabbo. <span class="bld">Parūpavādavivajjanato</span>ti yathāvuttakāraṇaṃ ajānantānaṃ paresaṃ āropitaupavādato vivajjitukāmattā. Taṃ vivarati <span class="bld">‘‘thero hī’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Ativiya vissattho</span>ti atirekaṃ vissāsiko. Kena viññāyatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tathā hī’’</span>tiādi. Daḷhīkaraṇaṃ vā etaṃ vacanaṃ. ‘‘Vuttañhi, tathā hi iccete daḷhīkaraṇatthe’’ti hi vadanti saddavidū. <span class="bld">Na</span>nti ānandattheraṃ. ‘‘Ovadatī’’ti iminā sambandho. Ānandattherassa yebhuyyena navakāya parisāya vibbhamane mahākassapatthero ‘‘na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.154) āha. Tathā hi parinibbute bhagavati mahākassapatthero bhagavato parinibbāne sannipatitassa bhikkhusaṅghassa majjhe nisīditvā dhammavinayasaṅgāyanatthaṃ pañcasate bhikkhū uccinitvā ‘‘rājagahe āvuso vassaṃ vasantā dhammavinayaṃ saṅgāyissāma, tumhe pure vassūpanāyikāya attano attano palibodhaṃ pacchinditvā rājagahe sannipatathā’’ti vatvā attanā rājagahaṃ gato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ānandattheropi bhagavato pattacīvaramādāya mahājanaṃ saññāpento sāvatthiṃ gantvā tato nikkhamma rājagahaṃ gacchanto dakkhiṇāgirismiṃ cārikaṃ cari. Tasmiṃ samaye ānandattherassa tiṃsamattā saddhivihārikā yebhuyyena kumārakā ekavassikaduvassikabhikkhū ceva anupasampannā ca vibbhamiṃsu. Kasmā panete pabbajitā, kasmā ca vibbhamiṃsūti? Tesaṃ kira mātāpitaro cintesuṃ ‘‘ānandatthero satthuvissāsiko aṭṭha vare yācitvā upaṭṭhahati, icchiticchitaṭṭhānaṃ satthāraṃ gahetvā gantuṃ sakkoti, amhākaṃ dārake etassa santike pabbajeyyāma, evaṃ so satthāraṃ gahetvā āgamissati, tasmiṃ āgate mayaṃ mahāsakkāraṃ kātuṃ labhissāmā’’ti. Iminā tāva kāraṇena nesaṃ ñātakā te pabbājesuṃ, satthari pana parinibbute tesaṃ sā patthanā upacchinnā, atha ne ekadivaseneva uppabbājesuṃ. Atha ānandattheraṃ dakkhiṇāgirismiṃ cārikaṃ caritvā rājagahamāgataṃ disvā mahākassapatthero evamāhāti. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">kassapasaṃyutte –</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Atha <a name="M1.0060"></a> kiñcarahi tvaṃ āvuso ānanda imehi navehi bhikkhūhi indriyesu aguttadvārehi <a name="V1.0054"></a> bhojane amattaññūhi jāgariyaṃ ananuyuttehi saddhiṃ cārikaṃ carasi, sassaghātaṃ maññe carasi, kulūpaghātaṃ maññe carasi, olujjati kho te āvuso ānanda parisā, palujjanti kho te āvuso navappāyā, na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Api me bhante kassapa sirasmiṃ palitāni jātāni, atha ca pana mayaṃ ajjāpi āyasmato mahākassapassa kumārakavādā na muccāmāti. Tathā hi pana tvaṃ āvuso ānanda imehi navehi bhikkhūhi indriyesu aguttadvārehi bhojane amattaññūhi jāgariyaṃ ananuyuttehi saddhiṃ cārikaṃ carasi, sassaghātaṃ maññe carasi, kulūpaghātaṃ maññe carasi, olujjati kho te āvuso ānanda parisā, palujjanti kho te āvuso navappāyā, na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.154).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">sassaghātaṃ maññe carasī</span>ti sassaṃ ghātento viya āhiṇḍasi. <span class="bld">Kulūpaghātaṃ maññe carasī</span>ti kulāni upaghātento viya āhiṇḍasi. <span class="bld">Olujjatī</span>ti palujjati bhijjati. <span class="bld">Palujjanti kho te āvuso navappāyā</span>ti āvuso ānanda ete tuyhaṃ pāyena yebhuyyena navakā ekavassikaduvassikadaharā ceva sāmaṇerā ca palujjanti. <span class="bld">Na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī</span>ti ayaṃ kumārako attano pamāṇaṃ na vata jānātīti theraṃ tajjento āha. <span class="bld">Kumārakavādā na muccāmā</span>ti kumārakavādato na muccāma. <span class="bld">Tathā hi pana tva</span>nti idamassa evaṃ vattabbatāya kāraṇadassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Ayañhettha adhippāyo – yasmā tvaṃ imehi navehi indriyasaṃvaravirahitehi bhojane amattaññūhi saddhiṃ vicarasi, tasmā kumārakehi saddhiṃ vicaranto ‘‘kumārako’’ti vattabbataṃ arahasīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">vā</span>-saddo padapūraṇe. Vā-saddo hi upamānasamuccayasaṃsayavissaggavikappapadapūraṇādīsu bahūsu atthesu dissati. Tathā hesa ‘‘paṇḍito vāpi tena so’’tiādīsu (dha. pa. 63) upamāne <a name="M1.0061"></a> dissati, sadisabhāveti attho. ‘‘Taṃ vāpi dhīrā muni vedayantī’’tiādīsu (su. ni. 213) samuccaye. ‘‘Ke vā ime kassa vā’’tiādīsu (pārā. 296) saṃsaye. ‘‘Ayaṃ vā imesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ sabbabālo sabbamūḷho’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 181) vavassagge. ‘‘Ye hi keci bhikkhave samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā’’tiādīsupi (ma. ni. 1.170; saṃ. ni. 2.13) vikappe. ‘‘Na vāhaṃ paṇṇaṃ bhuñjāmi, na hetaṃ mayha bhojana’’ntiādīsu padapūraṇe. Idhāpi padapūraṇe <a name="V1.0055"></a> daṭṭhabbo. Teneva ca ācariyadhammapālattherena vā-saddassa atthuddhāraṃ karontena vuttaṃ ‘‘na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’’tiādīsu padapūraṇe’’ti. <span class="bld">Saṃyuttaṭṭhakathāyampi</span> idameva vuttaṃ ‘‘na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsīti ayaṃ kumārako attano pamāṇaṃ na vata jānāsīti theraṃ tajjento āhā’’ti (saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 2.154). Etthāpi ‘‘vatā’’ti vacanasiliṭṭhatāya vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Na vāya’’</span>nti etassa vā ‘‘na ve aya’’nti padacchedaṃ katvā ve-saddassatthaṃ dassentena ‘‘vatā’’ti vuttaṃ. Tathā hi ve-saddassa ekaṃsatthabhāve tadeva pāḷiṃ payogaṃ katvā udāharanti neruttikā. Vajirabuddhitthero pana evaṃ vadati <span class="bld">‘‘na vāya</span>nti ettha ca <span class="bld">vā</span>ti vibhāsā, aññāsipi na aññāsipī’’ti, (vajira. ṭī. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) taṃ tassa matimattaṃ saṃyuttaṭṭhakathāya tathā avuttattā. Idamekaṃ parūpavādasambhavakāraṇaṃ ‘‘tattha kecī’’tiādinā sambajjhitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aññampi kāraṇamāha <span class="bld">‘‘sakyakulappasuto cāyasmā’’</span>ti. Sākiyakule jāto, sākiyakulabhāvena vā pākaṭo ca āyasmā ānando. Tattha…pe… upavadeyyunti sambandho. Aññampi kāraṇaṃ vadati <span class="bld">‘‘tathāgatassa bhātā cūḷapituputto’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Bhātā</span>ti cettha kaniṭṭhabhātā cūḷapituputtabhāvena, na pana vayasā sahajātabhāvato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Suddhodano dhotodano, sakkasukkāmitodanā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Amitā pālitā cāti, ime pañca imā duve’’ti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Vuttesu hi sabbakaniṭṭhassa amitodanasakkassa putto āyasmā ānando. Vuttañhi <span class="bld">manorathapūraṇiyaṃ –</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Kappasatasahassaṃ <a name="M1.0062"></a> pana dānaṃ dadamāno amhākaṃ bodhisattena saddhiṃ tusitapure nibbattitvā tato cuto amitodanasakkassa gehe nibbatti, athassa sabbe ñātake ānandite pamodite karonto jātoti ‘ānando’tveva nāmamakaṃsū’’ti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Tathāyeva vuttaṃ <span class="bld">papañcasūdaniyampi –</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Aññe pana vadanti – nāyasmā ānando bhagavatā sahajāto, vayasā ca cūḷapituputtatāya <a name="V1.0056"></a> ca bhagavato kaniṭṭhabhātāyeva. Tathā hi <span class="bld">manorathapūraṇiyaṃ</span> ekanipātavaṇṇanāyaṃ sahajātagaṇane so na vuto’’ti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Yaṃ vuccati, taṃ gahetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tasmiṃ vissatthādibhāve sati. Ativissatthasakyakulappasutatathāgatabhātubhāvatoti vuttaṃ hoti. Bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇe hi katthaci hetvattho sampajjati. Tathā hi ācariyadhammapālattherena <span class="bld">nettiṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> ‘‘gunnañce taramānāna’’nti gāthāvaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Sabbā tā jimhaṃ gacchantī</span>ti sabbā tā gāviyo kuṭilameva gacchanti, kasmā? Nette jimhagate sati nette kuṭilaṃ gate sati, nettassa kuṭilaṃ gatattāti attho’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Udānaṭṭhakathāyampi ‘‘iti imasmiṃ sati idaṃ hotī’’ti suttapadavaṇṇanāyaṃ ‘‘hetuatthatā bhummavacanassa kāraṇassa bhāvena tadavinābhāvī phalassa bhāvo lakkhīyatīti veditabbā’’ti (udā. aṭṭha. 1.1). <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti vā nimittabhūte vissatthādimhīti attho, tasmiṃ uccinanetipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Chandāgamanaṃ viyā</span>ti ettha chandā āgamanaṃ viyāti padacchedo. <span class="bld">Chandā</span>ti ca hetumhi nissakkavacanaṃ, chandena āgamanaṃ pavattanaṃ viyāti attho, chandena akattabbakaraṇamivāti vuttaṃ hoti, chandaṃ vā āgacchati sampayogavasenāti <span class="bld">chandāgamanaṃ,</span> tathā pavatto apāyagamanīyo akusalacittuppādo. Atha vā ananurūpaṃ gamanaṃ agamanaṃ. Chandena agamanaṃ <span class="bld">chandāgamanaṃ,</span> chandena sinehena ananurūpaṃ gamanaṃ pavattanaṃ viya akattabbakaraṇaṃ viyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Asekkhabhūtā paṭisambhidā, taṃpattāti <a name="M1.0063"></a> tathā, asekkhā ca te paṭisambhidāppattā cāti vā tathā, tādise. <span class="bld">Sekkhapaṭisambhidāppatta</span>nti etthāpi esa nayo. <span class="bld">Parivajjento</span>ti hetvatthe antasaddo, parivajjanahetūti attho. <span class="bld">Anumatiyā</span>ti anuññāya, yācanāyāti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Kiñcāpi sekkho’’</span>ti idaṃ asekkhānaṃyeva uccinitattā vuttaṃ, na sekkhānaṃ agatigamanasambhavena. Paṭhamamaggeneva hi cattāri agatigamanāni pahīyanti, tasmā kiñcāpi sekkho, tathāpi thero āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ uccinatūti sambandho. Na pana kiñcāpi sekkho, tathāpi abhabbo agatiṃ gantunti. <span class="bld">‘‘Abhabbo’’</span>tiādinā pana dhammasaṅgītiyā tassa arahabhāvaṃ dassento vijjamānaguṇe katheti, tena saṅgītiyā dhammavinayavinicchaye sampatte chandādivasena aññathā <a name="V1.0057"></a> akathetvā yathābhūtameva kathessatīti dasseti. Na gantabbā, ananurūpā vā gatīti <span class="bld">agati,</span> taṃ. <span class="bld">Pariyatto</span>ti adhigato uggahito.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Eva’’</span>ntiādinā sanniṭṭhānagaṇanaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Uccinitenā</span>ti uccinitvā gahitena. Apica <span class="bld">evaṃ…pe… uccinī</span>ti nigamanaṃ, <span class="bld">‘‘tenāyasmatā’’</span>tiādi pana sanniṭṭhānagaṇanadassanantipi vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ saṅgāyakavicinanappakāraṃ dassetvā aññampi saṅgāyanatthaṃ desavicinanādippakāraṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘atha kho’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">etadahosī</span>ti etaṃ parivitakkanaṃ ahosi. Nu-saddena hi parivitakkanaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Rājagaha</span>nti ‘‘rājagahasāmantaṃ gahetvā vutta’’nti <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vadanti. Gāvo caranti etthāti <span class="bld">gocaro,</span> gunnaṃ caraṇaṭṭhānaṃ, so viyāti <span class="bld">gocaro,</span> bhikkhūnaṃ caraṇaṭṭhānaṃ, mahanto so assa, etthāti vā <span class="bld">mahāgocaraṃ.</span> Aṭṭhārasannaṃ mahāvihārānampi atthitāya <span class="bld">pahūtasenāsanaṃ.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Thāvarakamma</span>nti ciraṭṭhāyikammaṃ. <span class="bld">Visabhāgapuggalo</span> subhaddasadiso. <span class="bld">Ukkoṭeyyā</span>ti nivāreyya. <span class="bld">Iti</span>-saddo idamatthe, iminā manasikārena hetubhūtena etadahosīti attho. Garubhāvajananatthaṃ ñattidutiyena kammena saṅghaṃ sāvesi, na apalokanañattikammamattenāti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kadā panāyaṃ katāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ayaṃ panā’’</span>tiādi. Evaṃ katabhāvo ca imāya gaṇanāya viññāyatīti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘bhagavā hī’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Athā</span>ti anantaratthe nipāto, parinibbānantaramevāti attho. <span class="bld">Sattāha</span>nti <a name="M1.0064"></a> hi parinibbānadivasampi saṅgaṇhitvā vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti bhagavato, ‘‘sarīra’’nti iminā sambandho. Saṃvegavatthuṃ kittetvā kittetvā aniccatāpaṭisaññuttāni gītāni gāyitvā pūjāvasena kīḷanato sundaraṃ kīḷanadivasā <span class="bld">sādhukīḷanadivasā nāma,</span> saparahitasādhanaṭṭhena vā sādhūti vuttānaṃ sappurisānaṃ saṃvegavatthuṃ kittetvā kittetvā kīḷanadivasātipi yujjati. Imasmiñca purimasattāhe ekadeseneva sādhukīḷanamakaṃsu. Visesato pana dhātupūjādivasesuyeva. Tathā hi vuttaṃ <span class="bld">mahāparinibbānasuttaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.235) –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ito purimesu hi dvīsu sattāhesu te bhikkhū saṅghassa ṭhānanisajjokāsaṃ karontā khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ saṃvidahantā sādhukīḷikāya okāsaṃ na labhiṃsu, tato nesaṃ <a name="V1.0058"></a> ahosi ‘imaṃ sattāhaṃ sādhukīḷitaṃ kīḷissāma, ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ amhākaṃ pamattabhāvaṃ ñatvā kocideva āgantvā dhātuyo gaṇheyya, tasmā ārakkhaṃ ṭhapetvā kīḷissāmā’ti, tena te evamakaṃsū’’ti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Tathāpi te dhātupūjāyapi katattā dhātupūjādivasā nāma. Imeyeva visesena bhagavati kattabbassa aññassa abhāvato ekadesena katampi sādhukīḷanaṃ upādāya ‘‘sādhukīḷanadivasā’’ti pākaṭā jātāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ sattāhaṃ sādhukīḷanadivasā nāma ahesu’’</span>nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Citakāyā</span>ti vīsasataratanuccāya candanadārucitakāya, padhānakiccavaseneva ca sattāhaṃ citakāyaṃ agginā jhāyīti vuttaṃ. Na hi accantasaṃyogavasena nirantaraṃ sattāhameva agginā jhāyi tattha pacchimadivaseyeva jhāyitattā, tasmā sattāhasminti attho veditabbo. Purimapacchimānañhi dvinnaṃ sattāhānamantare sattāhe yattha katthacipi divase jhāyamāne sati ‘‘sattāhe jhāyī’’ti vattuṃ yujjati. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Tena kho pana samayena cattāro mallapāmokkhā sīsaṃ nhātā ahatāni vatthāni nivatthā ‘mayaṃ bhagavato citakaṃ āḷimpessāmā’ti na sakkonti āḷimpetu’’ntiādi (dī. ni. 2.233).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sattipañjaraṃ</span> <a name="M1.0065"></a> <span class="bld">katvā</span>ti sattikhaggādihatthehi purisehi mallarājūnaṃ bhagavato dhātuārakkhakaraṇaṃ upalakkhaṇavasenāha. Sattihatthā purisā hi sattiyo yathā ‘‘kuntā pacarantī’’ti, tāhi samantato rakkhāpanavasena pañjarapaṭibhāgattā sattipañjaraṃ. <span class="bld">Sandhāgāraṃ</span> nāma rājūnaṃ ekā mahāsālā. Uyyogakālādīsu hi rājāno tattha ṭhatvā ‘‘ettakā purato gacchantu, ettakā pacchato, ettakā ubhohi passehi, ettakā hatthīsu abhiruhantu, ettakā assesu, ettakā rathesū’’ti evaṃ sandhiṃ karonti mariyādaṃ bandhanti, tasmā taṃ ṭhānaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sandhāgāra’’</span>nti vuccati. Apica uyyogaṭṭhānato āgantvāpi yāva gehesu allagomayaparibhaṇḍādīni karonti, tāva dve tīṇi divasāni rājāno tattha santhambhanti vissamanti parissayaṃ vinodentītipi <span class="bld">sandhāgāraṃ,</span> rājūnaṃ vā saha atthānusāsanaṃ agārantipi <span class="bld">sandhāgāraṃ</span> ha-kārassa dha-kāraṃ, anusarāgamañca katvā, yasmā vā rājāno tattha sannipatitvā ‘‘imasmiṃ kāle kasituṃ vaṭṭati, imasmiṃ kāle vapitu’’nti evamādinā nayena gharāvāsakiccāni sammantayanti, tasmā chinnavicchinnaṃ gharāvāsaṃ tattha sandhārentītipi <span class="bld">sandhāgāraṃ.</span> Visākhapuṇṇamito <a name="V1.0059"></a> paṭṭhāya yāva visākhamāsassa amāvāsī, tāva soḷasa divasā sīhaḷavohāravasena gahitattā, jeṭṭhamūlamāsassa sukkapakkhe ca pañca divasāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘iti ekavīsati divasā gatā’’</span>ti. Tattha carimadivaseyeva dhātuyo bhājayiṃsu, tasmiṃyeva ca divase ayaṃ kammavācā katā. Tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘jeṭṭhamūlasukkapakkhapañcamiya’’</span>ntiādi. Tattha jeṭṭhanakkhattaṃ vā mūlanakkhattaṃ vā tassa māsassa puṇṇamiyaṃ candena yuttaṃ, tasmā so māso ‘‘jeṭṭhamūlamāso’’ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Anācāra</span>nti heṭṭhā vuttaṃ anācāraṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi evaṃ kasmā <span class="bld">vinayaṭṭhakathāyaṃ,</span> (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) <span class="bld">maṅgalasuttaṭṭhakathāya</span>ñca (khu. pā. aṭṭha. maṅgalasuttavaṇṇanā) ‘‘sattasu sādhukīḷanadivasesu, sattasu ca dhātupūjādivasesu vītivattesū’’ti vuttanti? Sattasu dhātupūjādivasesu gahitesu tadavinābhāvato majjhe citakāya jhāyanasattāhampi gahitamevāti katvā visuṃ na vuttaṃ viya dissati. Yadi evaṃ kasmā ‘‘aḍḍhamāso atikkanto, diyaḍḍhamāso seso’’ti ca vuttanti? Nāyaṃ doso. Appakañhi ūnamadhikaṃ vā gaṇanūpagaṃ na hoti, tasmā appakena adhikopi samudāyo anadhiko viya hotīti katvā aḍḍhamāsato adhikepi pañcadivase ‘‘aḍḍhamāso atikkanto’’ti vuttaṃ dvāsītikhandhakavattānaṃ katthaci ‘‘asīti khandhakavattānī’’ti vacanaṃ viya, tathā appakena ūnopi samudāyo anūno viya hotīti <a name="M1.0066"></a> katvā diyaḍḍhamāsato ūnepi pañcadivase ‘‘diyaḍḍhamāso seso’’ti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">satipaṭṭhānavibhaṅgaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> (vibha. 356) chamāsato ūnepi aḍḍhamāse ‘‘chamāsaṃ sajjhāyo kātabbo’’ti vacanaṃ viya, aññathā aṭṭhakathānaṃ aññamaññavirodho siyā. Apica dīghabhāṇakānaṃ matena tiṇṇaṃ sattāhānaṃ vasena ‘‘ekavīsati divasā gatā’’ti idha vuttaṃ. Vinayasuttanipātakhuddakapāṭhaṭṭhakathāsu pana khuddakabhāṇakānaṃ matena ekameva jhāyanadivasaṃ katvā tadavasesānaṃ dvinnaṃ sattāhānaṃ vasena ‘‘aḍḍhamāso atikkanto, diyaḍḍhamāso seso’’ti ca vuttaṃ. Paṭhamabuddhavacanādīsu viya taṃ taṃ bhāṇakānaṃ matena aṭṭhakathāsupi vacanabhedo hotīti gahetabbaṃ. Evampettha vadanti – parinibbānadivasato paṭṭhāya ādimhi cattāro sādhukīḷanadivasāyeva, tato paraṃ tayo sādhukīḷanadivasā ceva citakajhāyanadivasā ca, tato paraṃ eko citakajhāyanadivasoyeva, tato paraṃ tayo citakajhāyanadivasā ceva dhātupūjādivasā ca, tato paraṃ cattāro dhātupūjādivasāyeva, iti taṃ taṃ kiccānurūpagaṇanavasena tīṇi sattāhāni paripūrenti, agahitaggahaṇena pana aḍḍhamāsova hoti. ‘‘Ekavīsati divasā gatā’’ti idha vuttavacanañca taṃ taṃ kiccānurūpagaṇaneneva. Evañhi catūsupi aṭṭhakathāsu vuttavacanaṃ sametīti vicāretvā gahetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Vajirabuddhittherena</span> pana vuttaṃ ‘‘aḍḍhamāso atikkantoti ettha eko divaso naṭṭho, so pāṭipadadivaso, kolāhaladivaso <a name="V1.0060"></a> nāma so, tasmā idha na gahito’’ti, (vajira. ṭī. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) taṃ na sundaraṃ <span class="bld">parinibbānasuttantapāḷiyaṃ</span> (dī. ni. 2.227) pāṭipadadivasatoyeva paṭṭhāya sattāhassa vuttattā, aṭṭhakathāyañca parinibbānadivasena saddhiṃ tiṇṇaṃ sattāhānaṃ gaṇitattā. Tathā hi parinibbānadivasena saddhiṃ tiṇṇaṃ sattāhānaṃ gaṇaneneva jeṭṭhamūlasukkapakkhapañcamī ekavīsatimo divaso hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cattālīsa divasā</span>ti jeṭṭhamūlasukkapakkhachaṭṭhadivasato yāva āsaḷhī puṇṇamī, tāva gaṇetvā vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Etthantare</span>ti cattālīsadivasabbhantare. Rogo eva <span class="bld">rogapalibodho.</span> Ācariyupajjhāyesu kattabbakiccameva <span class="bld">ācariyupajjhāyapalibodho</span><a name="M1.0067"></a>, tathā <span class="bld">mātāpitupalibodho.</span> Yathādhippetaṃ atthaṃ, kammaṃ vā paribundheti uparodheti pavattituṃ na detīti <span class="bld">palibodho</span> ra-kārassa la-kāraṃ katvā. <span class="bld">Taṃ palibodhaṃ chinditvā taṃ karaṇīyaṃ karotū</span>ti saṅgāhakena chinditabbaṃ taṃ sabbaṃ palibodhaṃ chinditvā dhammavinayasaṅgāyanasaṅkhātaṃ tadeva karaṇīyaṃ karotu.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aññepi mahātherā</span>ti anuruddhattherādayo. <span class="bld">Sokasallasamappita</span>nti sokasaṅkhātena sallena anupaviṭṭhaṃ paṭividdhaṃ. Asamucchinnaavijjātaṇhānusayattā avijjātaṇhābhisaṅkhātena kammunā bhavayonigatiṭṭhitisattāvāsesu khandhapañcakasaṅkhātaṃ attabhāvaṃ janeti abhinibbattetīti <span class="bld">jano.</span> Kilese janeti, ajani, janissatīti vā <span class="bld">jano,</span> mahanto jano tathā, taṃ. <span class="bld">Āgatāgata</span>nti āgatamāgataṃ yathā ‘‘ekeko’’ti. Ettha siyā – ‘‘thero attano pañcasatāya parisāya parivutto rājagahaṃ gato, aññepi mahātherā attano attano parivāre gahetvā sokasallasamappitaṃ mahājanaṃ assāsetukāmā taṃ taṃ disaṃ pakkantā’’ti idha vuttavacanaṃ samantapāsādikāya ‘‘mahākassapatthero ‘rājagahaṃ āvuso gacchāmā’ti upaḍḍhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ gahetvā ekaṃ maggaṃ gato, anuruddhattheropi upaḍḍhaṃ gahetvā ekaṃ maggaṃ gato’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) vuttavacanañca aññamaññaṃ viruddhaṃ hoti. Idha hi mahākassapattherādayo attano attano parivārabhikkhūhiyeva saddhiṃ taṃ taṃ disaṃ gatāti attho āpajjati, tattha pana mahākassapattheraanuruddhattherāyeva paccekamupaḍḍhasaṅghena saddhiṃ ekekaṃ maggaṃ gatāti? Vuccate – tadubhayampi hi vacanaṃ na virujjhati atthato saṃsandanattā. Idha hi niravasesena therānaṃ paccekagamanavacanameva tattha nayavasena dasseti, idha attano attano parisāya gamanavacanañca tattha upaḍḍhasaṅghena saddhiṃ gamanavacanena. <span class="bld">Upaḍḍhasaṅgho</span>ti hi sakasakaparisābhūto bhikkhugaṇo gayhati upaḍḍhasaddassa asamepi bhāge pavattattā. Yadi hi sannipatite saṅghe upaḍḍhasaṅghena saddhinti atthaṃ gaṇheyya, tadā saṅghassa gaṇanapathamatītattā na yujjateva<a name="V1.0061"></a>, yadi ca saṅgāyanatthaṃ uccinitānaṃ pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ majjhe upaḍḍhasaṅghena saddhinti atthaṃ gaṇheyya, evampi tesaṃ gaṇapāmokkhānaṃyeva uccinitattā na yujjateva. Paccekagaṇino hete. Vuttañhi ‘‘sattasatasahassāni, tesu pāmokkhabhikkhavo’’ti<a name="M1.0068"></a>, iti atthato saṃsandanattā tadetaṃ ubhayampi vacanaṃ aññamaññaṃ na virujjhatīti. Taṃtaṃbhāṇakānaṃ matenevaṃ vuttantipi vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Aparinibbutassa bhagavato’’tiādinā yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Pattacīvaramādāyā</span>ti ettha catumahārājadattiyaselamayapattaṃ, sugatacīvarañca gaṇhitvāti attho. Soyeva hi patto bhagavatā sadā paribhutto. Vuttañhi <span class="bld">samacittapaṭipadāsuttaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> ‘‘vassaṃvutthānusārena atirekavīsativassakālepi tasseva paribhuttabhāvaṃ dīpetukāmena pātova sarīrapaṭijagganaṃ katvā sunivatthanivāsano sugatacīvaraṃ pārupitvā selamayapattamādāya bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto dakkhiṇadvārena nagaraṃ pavisitvā piṇḍāya caranto’’ti (a. ni. aṭṭha. 2.37) gandhamālādayo nesaṃ hattheti <span class="bld">gandhamālādihatthā.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tatrā</span>ti tissaṃ sāvatthiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Suda</span>nti nipātamattaṃ. <span class="bld">Aniccatādipaṭisaṃyuttāyā</span>ti ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā’’tiādinā (dha. pa. 277) aniccasabhāvapaṭisaññuttāya. Dhammena yuttā, dhammassa vā patirūpāti <span class="bld">dhammī,</span> tādisāya. <span class="bld">Saññāpetvā</span>ti suṭṭhu jānāpetvā, samassāsetvāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Vasitagandhakuṭi</span>nti niccasāpekkhattā samāso. Paribhogacetiyabhāvato <span class="bld">‘‘gandhakuṭiṃ vanditvā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Vanditvā’’ti ca ‘‘vivaritvā’’ti ettha pubbakālakiriyā. Tathā hi ācariyasāriputtattherena vuttaṃ ‘‘gandhakuṭiyā dvāraṃ vivaritvāti paribhogacetiyabhāvato gandhakuṭiṃ vanditvā gandhakuṭiyā dvāraṃ vivarīti veditabba’’nti (sārattha. ṭī. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā) milātā mālā, sāyeva kacavaraṃ, milātaṃ vā mālāsaṅkhātaṃ kacavaraṃ tathā. <span class="bld">Atiharitvā</span>ti paṭhamaṃ ṭhapitaṭṭhānamabhimukhaṃ haritvā. <span class="bld">Yathāṭhāne ṭhapetvā</span>ti paṭhamaṃ ṭhapitaṭṭhānaṃ anatikkamitvā yathāṭhitaṭṭhāneyeva ṭhapetvā. <span class="bld">Bhagavato ṭhitakāle karaṇīyaṃ vattaṃ sabbamakāsī</span>ti senāsane kattabbavattaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Kurumāno cā</span>ti taṃ sabbaṃ vattaṃ karonto ca. Lakkhaṇe hi ayaṃ māna-saddo. Nhānakoṭṭhakassa sammajjanañca tasmiṃ udakassa upaṭṭhāpanañca, tāni ādīni yesaṃ dhammadesanāovādādīnanti tathā, tesaṃ kālesūti attho. Sīhassa migarājassa seyyā <span class="bld">sīhaseyyā,</span> taddhitavasena, sadisavohārena vā bhagavato seyyāpi ‘‘sīhaseyyā’’ti vuccati. Tejussadairiyāpathattā uttamaseyyā vā, yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘atha kho bhagavā dakkhiṇena passena sīhaseyyaṃ <a name="V1.0062"></a> kappesi <a name="M1.0069"></a> pāde pādaṃ accādhāya sato sampajāno’’ti, (dī. ni. 2.198) taṃ. Kappanakālo karaṇakālo nanūti yojetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Yathā ta’’</span>ntiādinā yathāvuttamatthaṃ upamāya āvi karoti. Tattha yathā aññopi bhagavato…pe… patiṭṭhitapemo ceva akhīṇāsavo ca anekesu…pe… upakārasañjanitacittamaddavo ca akāsi, evaṃ āyasmāpi ānando bhagavato guṇa…pe… maddavo ca hutvā akāsīti yojanā. Nti nipātamattaṃ. Apica etena tathākaraṇahetuṃ dasseti, yathā aññepi yathāvuttasabhāvā akaṃsu, tathā āyasmāpi ānando bhagavato…pe… patiṭṭhitapemattā ceva akhīṇāsavattā ca anekesu…pe… upakārasañjanitacittamaddavattā cāti hetuatthassa labbhamānattā. Hetugabbhāni hi etāni padāni tadatthasseva tathākaraṇahetubhāvato. Dhanapāladamana (cūḷava. 342), suvaṇṇakakkaṭa (jā. 1.5.94), cūḷahaṃsa (jā. 1.15.133) -mahāhaṃsajātakādīhi (jā. 2.21.89) cettha vibhāvetabbo. Guṇānaṃ gaṇo, soyeva amatanipphādakarasasadisatāya <span class="bld">amataraso.</span> Taṃ jānanapakatitāyāti patiṭṭhitapade hetu. <span class="bld">Upakāra…pe… maddavo</span>ti upakārapubbabhāvena sammājanitacittamuduko. Evampi so iminā kāraṇena adhivāsesīti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘tamena’’</span>ntiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">tamena</span>nti taṃ āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ. Eta-saddo hi padālaṅkāramattaṃ. Ayañhi saddapakati, yadidaṃ dvīsu sabbanāmesu pubbapadasseva atthapadatā. <span class="bld">Saṃvejesī</span>ti ‘‘nanu bhagavatā paṭikacceva akkhātaṃ ‘sabbeheva piyehi manāpehi nānābhāvo vinābhāvo’tiādinā (dī. ni. 2.183; saṃ. ni. 5.379; a. ni. 10.48) saṃvegaṃ janesī’’ti (dī. ni. ṭī. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> vuttaṃ, evaṃ sati ‘‘bhante…pe… assāsessathāti paṭhamaṃ vatvā’’ti saha pāṭhasesena yojanā assa. Yathārutato pana ādyatthena iti-saddena ‘‘evamādinā saṃvejesī’’ti yojanāpi yujjateva. Yena kenaci hi vacanena saṃvegaṃ janesi, taṃ sabbampi saṃvejanassa karaṇaṃ sambhavatīti. <span class="bld">Santhambhitvā</span>ti paridevanādivirahena attānaṃ paṭibandhetvā patiṭṭhāpetvā. <span class="bld">Ussannadhātuka</span>nti upacitapittasemhādidosaṃ. Pittasemhavātavasena hi tisso dhātuyo idha bhesajjakaraṇayogyatāya <a name="M1.0070"></a> adhippetā, yā ‘‘dosā, malā’’ti ca loke vuccanti, pathavī āpo tejo vāyo ākāsoti ca bhedena paccekaṃ pañcavidhā. Vuttañhi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vāyupittakaphā dosā, dhātavo ca malā tathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tatthāpi pañcadhākhyātā, paccekaṃ dehadhāraṇā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sarīradūsanā <a name="V1.0063"></a> dosā, malīnakaraṇā malā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dhāraṇā dhātavo te tu, itthamanvatthasaññakā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Samassāsetu</span>nti santappetuṃ. Devatāya saṃvejitadivasato, jetavanavihāraṃ paviṭṭhadivasato vā <span class="bld">dutiyadivase.</span> Viriccati etenāti <span class="bld">virecanaṃ,</span> osadhaparibhāvitaṃ khīrameva virecanaṃ tathā. <span class="bld">Yaṃ sandhāyā</span>ti yaṃ bhesajjapānaṃ sandhāya. Aṅgapaccaṅgena sobhatīti <span class="bld">subho,</span> manuno apaccaṃ <span class="bld">mānavo,</span> na-kārassa pana ṇa-kāre kate māṇavo. <span class="bld">Manū</span>ti hi paṭhamakappikakāle manussānaṃ mātāpituṭṭhāne ṭhito puriso, yo sāsane ‘‘mahāsammatarājā’’ti vutto. So hi sakalalokassa hitaṃ manabhi jānātīti manūti vuccati. Evampettha vadanti ‘‘dantaja na-kārasahito mānavasaddo sabbasattasādhāraṇavacano, muddhaja ṇa-kārasahito pana māṇavasaddo kucchitamūḷhāpaccavacano’’ti. <span class="bld">Cūḷakammavibhaṅgasuttaṭṭhakathāya</span>mpi (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 4.289) hi muddhaja ṇa-kārasahitasseva māṇavasaddassa attho vaṇṇito. Taṭṭīkāyampi ‘‘yaṃ apaccaṃ kucchitaṃ mūḷhaṃ vā, tattha loke māṇavavohāro, yebhuyyena ca sattā daharakāle mūḷhadhātukā hontīti tassevattho pakāsito’’ti vadanti ācariyā. Aññattha ca vīsativassabbhantaro yuvā māṇavo, idha pana tabbohārena mahallakopi. Vuttañhi <span class="bld">cūḷakammavibhaṅgasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ</span> ‘‘māṇavoti pana taṃ taruṇakāle vohariṃsu, so mahallakakālepi teneva vohārena voharīyatī’’ti, (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 4.289) subhanāmakena laddhamāṇavavohārenāti attho. So pana ‘‘satthā parinibbuto, ānandatthero kirassa pattacīvaramādāya āgato, mahājano taṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamatī’’ti sutvā ‘‘vihāraṃ kho pana gantvā mahājanamajjhe na sakkā sukhena paṭisanthāraṃ vā kātuṃ, dhammakathaṃ vā sotuṃ, gehamāgataṃyeva naṃ disvā sukhena paṭisanthāraṃ karissāmi<a name="M1.0071"></a>, ekā ca me kaṅkhā atthi, tampi naṃ pucchissāmī’’ti cintetvā ekaṃ māṇavakaṃ pesesi, taṃ sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘pahitaṃ māṇavaka’’</span>nti khuddake cettha kapaccayo. <span class="bld">Etadavocā</span>ti etaṃ ‘‘akālo’’tiādikaṃ vacanaṃ ānandatthero avoca.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Akālo</span>ti ajja gantuṃ ayuttakālo. Kasmāti ce <span class="bld">‘‘atthi me’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Bhesajjamattā</span>ti appakaṃ bhesajjaṃ. Appattho hettha mattāsaddo ‘‘mattā sukhapariccāgā’’tiādīsu (dha. pa. 290) viya. <span class="bld">Pītā</span>ti pivitā. <span class="bld">Svepī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">‘‘api</span>-saddo apekkho mantā nuññāyā’’ti (vajira. ṭī. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) <span class="bld">vajirabuddhittherena</span> vuttaṃ. Ayaṃ pana tassādhippāyo – ‘‘appeva nāmā’’ti saṃsayamatte vutte anuññātabhāvo na siddho, tasmā taṃ sādhanatthaṃ <a name="V1.0064"></a> ‘‘apī’’ti vuttaṃ, tena imamatthaṃ dīpeti ‘‘appeva nāma sve mayaṃ upasaṅkameyyāma, upasaṅkamituṃ paṭibalā samānā upasaṅkamissāma cā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dutiyadivase</span>ti khīravirecanapītadivasato dutiyadivase. <span class="bld">Cetakattherenā</span>ti cetiyaraṭṭhe jātattā <span class="bld">cetako</span>ti evaṃ laddhanāmena therena. <span class="bld">Pacchāsamaṇenā</span>ti pacchānugatena samaṇena. Sahatthe cetaṃ karaṇavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Subhena māṇavena puṭṭho</span>ti ‘‘yesu dhammesu bhavaṃ gotamo imaṃ lokaṃ patiṭṭhapesi, te tassa accayena naṭṭhā nu kho, dharanti nu kho, sace dharanti, bhavaṃ (natthi dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.448) ānando jānissati, handa naṃ pucchāmī’’ti evaṃ cintetvā ‘‘yesaṃ so bhavaṃ gotamo dhammānaṃ vaṇṇavādī ahosi, yattha ca imaṃ janataṃ samādapesi nivesesi patiṭṭhāpesi, katamesānaṃ kho bho ānanda dhammānaṃ so bhavaṃ gotamo vaṇṇavādī ahosī’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.448) puṭṭho, athassa thero tīṇi piṭakāni sīlakkhandhādīhi tīhi khandhehi saṅgahetvā dassento ‘‘tiṇṇaṃ kho māṇava khandhānaṃ so bhagavā vaṇṇavādī’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.449) idha sīlakkhandhavagge dasamaṃ suttamabhāsi, taṃ sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘imasmiṃ…pe… mabhāsī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Khaṇḍa</span>nti chinnaṃ. Phullanti bhinnaṃ, sevālāhichattakādivikassanaṃ vā, tesaṃ <span class="bld">paṭisaṅkharaṇaṃ</span> sammā pākatikakaraṇaṃ, abhinavapaṭikaraṇanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Upakaṭṭhāyā</span>ti āsannāya. Vassaṃ upanenti upagacchanti etthāti <span class="bld">vassūpanāyikā,</span> vassūpagatakālo, tāya. <span class="bld">Saṅgītipāḷiyaṃ</span> (cūḷava. 440) sāmaññena vuttampi vacanaṃ <a name="M1.0072"></a> evaṃ gateyeva sandhāya vuttanti saṃsandetuṃ sādhetuṃ vā āha <span class="bld">‘‘evañhī’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Rājagahaṃ parivāretvā</span>ti bahinagare ṭhitabhāvena vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Chaḍḍitapatitauklāpā</span>ti chaḍḍitā ca patitā ca uklāpā ca. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – bhagavato parinibbānaṭṭhānaṃ gacchantehi bhikkhūhi chaḍḍitā vissaṭṭhā, tatoyeva ca upacikādīhi khāditattā ito cito ca patitā, sammajjanābhāvena ākiṇṇakacavarattā uklāpā cāti. Tadevatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘bhagavato hī’’</span>tiādinā vibhāveti. Avakuthi pūtibhāvamagamāsīti <span class="bld">uklāpo</span> tha-kārassa la-kāraṃ katvā, ujjhiṭṭho vā kalāposamūhoti <span class="bld">uklāpo,</span> vaṇṇasaṅgamanavasenevaṃ vuttaṃ yathā ‘‘upakleso, sneho’’ – iccādi, tena yuttāti tathā. Paricchedavasena veṇīyanti dissantīti <span class="bld">pariveṇā. Kurumānā</span>ti kattukāmā. Senāsanavattānaṃ paññattattā, senāsanakkhandhake ca senāsanapaṭibaddhānaṃ bahūnampi vacanānaṃ vuttattā senāsanapaṭisaṅkharaṇampi tassa pūjāyeva nāmāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘bhagavato vacanapūjanattha’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Paṭhamaṃ māsa</span>nti <a name="V1.0065"></a> vassānassa paṭhamaṃ māsaṃ. Accantasaṃyoge cetaṃ upayogavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Titthiyavādaparimocanatthañcā’’</span>ti vuttamatthaṃ pākaṭaṃ kātuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘titthiyā hī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ya</span>nti katikavattakaraṇaṃ. Edisesu hi ṭhānesu yaṃ-saddo taṃ-saddānapekkho teneva atthassa paripuṇṇattā. Yaṃ vā katikavattaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘atha kho’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ, tadeva mayāpi vuttanti attho. Esa nayo īdisesu <span class="bld">bhagavatā…pe… vaṇṇita</span>nti senāsanavattaṃ paññapentena senāsanakkhandhake (cūḷava. 308) ca senāsanapaṭibaddhavacanaṃ kathentena vaṇṇitaṃ. <span class="bld">Saṅgāyissāmā</span>ti ettha iti-saddassa ‘‘vuttaṃ ahosī’’ti ca ubhayattha sambandho, ekassa vā iti-saddassa lopo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dutiyadivase</span>ti evaṃ cintitadivasato dutiyadivase, so ca kho vassūpanāyikadivasato dutiyadivasova. Therā hi āsaḷhipuṇṇamito pāṭipadadivaseyeva sannipatitvā vassamupagantvā evaṃ cintesunti. <span class="bld">Rājadvāre</span>ti rājagehadvāre. <span class="bld">Hatthakamma</span>nti hatthakiriyaṃ, hatthakammassa karaṇanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Paṭivedesu</span>nti jānāpesuṃ. <span class="bld">Visaṭṭhā</span>ti nirāsaṅkacittā. Āṇāyeva <a name="M1.0073"></a> appaṭihatavuttiyā pavattanaṭṭhena cakkanti <span class="bld">āṇācakkaṃ.</span> Tathā dhammoyeva cakkanti <span class="bld">dhammacakkaṃ,</span> taṃ panidha desanāñāṇapaṭivedhañāṇavasena duvidhampi yujjati tadubhayeneva saṅgītiyā pavattanato. ‘‘Dhammacakkanti cetaṃ desanāñāṇassāpi nāmaṃ, paṭivedhañāṇassāpī’’ti (saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 2.3.78) hi <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāsu</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Sannisajjaṭṭhāna</span>nti sannipatitvā nisīdanaṭṭhānaṃ. Satta paṇṇāni yassāti <span class="bld">sattapaṇṇī,</span> yo ‘‘chattapaṇṇo, visamacchado’’ tipi vuccati, tassa jātaguhadvāreti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vissakammunā</span>ti sakkassa devānamindassa kammākammavidhāyakaṃ devaputtaṃ sandhāyāha. <span class="bld">Suvibhattabhittithambhasopāna</span>nti ettha suvibhattapadassa dvandato pubbe suyyamānattā sabbehi dvandapadehi sambandho, tathā <span class="bld">‘‘nānāvidha…pe… vicitta’’</span>ntiādīsupi. <span class="bld">Rājabhavanavibhūti</span>nti rājabhavanasampattiṃ, rājabhavanasobhaṃ vā. <span class="bld">Avahasantamivā</span>ti avahāsaṃ kurumānaṃ viya. <span class="bld">Siriyā</span>ti sobhāsaṅkhātāya lakkhiyā. <span class="bld">Niketanamivā</span>ti vasanaṭṭhānamiva, ‘‘jalantamivā’’tipi pāṭho. Ekasmiṃyeva pānīyatitthe nipatantā pakkhino viya sabbesampi janānaṃ cakkhūni maṇḍapeyeva nipatantīti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ekanipāta…pe… vihaṅgāna’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Nayanavihaṅgāna</span>nti nayanasaṅkhātavihaṅgānaṃ. <span class="bld">Lokarāmaṇeyyakamiva sampiṇḍita</span>nti yadi loke vijjamānaṃ rāmaṇeyyakaṃ sabbameva ānetvā ekattha sampiṇḍitaṃ siyā, taṃ viyāti vuttaṃ hoti, yaṃ yaṃ vā loke ramitumarahati, taṃ sabbaṃ sampiṇḍitamivātipi <a name="V1.0066"></a> attho. <span class="bld">Daṭṭhabbasāramaṇḍa</span>nti pheggurahitaṃ sāraṃ viya, kasaṭavinimuttaṃ pasannaṃ viya ca daṭṭhumaraharūpesu sārabhūtaṃ, pasannabhūtañca. Apica daṭṭhabbo dassanīyo sārabhūto visiṭṭhataro maṇḍo maṇḍanaṃ alaṅkāro etassāti <span class="bld">daṭṭhabbasāramaṇḍo,</span> taṃ. Maṇḍaṃ sūriyarasmiṃ pāti nivāreti, sabbesaṃ vā janānaṃ maṇḍaṃ pasannaṃ pāti rakkhati, maṇḍanamalaṅkāraṃ vā pāti pivati alaṅkarituṃ yuttabhāvenāti <span class="bld">maṇḍapo,</span> taṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kusumadāmāni ca tāni olambakāni ceti <span class="bld">kusumadāmolambakāni.</span> Visesanassa cettha paranipāto yathā ‘‘agyāhito’’ti. Vividhāniyeva kusumadāmolambakāni tathā, tāni viniggalantaṃ visesena vamentaṃ nikkhāmentamiva cāru sobhanaṃ vitānaṃ etthāti tathā. Kuṭṭena gahito samaṃ katoti <span class="bld">kuṭṭimo, koṭṭimo</span> vā, tādisoyeva maṇīti <span class="bld">maṇikoṭṭimo</span><a name="M1.0074"></a>, nānāratanehi vicitto maṇikoṭṭimo, tassa talaṃ tathā. Atha vā maṇiyo koṭṭetvā katatalattā maṇikoṭṭena nipphattanti <span class="bld">maṇikoṭṭimaṃ,</span> tameva talaṃ, nānāratanavicittaṃ maṇikoṭṭimatalaṃ tathā. Tamiva ca nānāpupphūpahāravicittaṃ supariniṭṭhitabhūmikammanti sambandho. Pupphapūjā <span class="bld">pupphūpahāro.</span> Ettha hi nānāratanavicittaggahaṇaṃ nānāpupphūpahāravicittatāyanidassanaṃ, maṇikoṭṭimatalaggahaṇaṃ supariniṭṭhitabhūmikammatāyāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Nanti maṇḍapaṃ. <span class="bld">Brahmavimānasadisa</span>nti bhāvanapuṃsakaṃ, yathā brahmavimānaṃ sobhati, tathā alaṅkaritvāti attho. Visesena mānetabbanti <span class="bld">vimānaṃ.</span> Saddavidū pana ‘‘vihe ākāse māyanti gacchanti devā yenāti vimāna’’nti vadanti. Visesena vā sucaritakammunā mīyati nimmīyatīti <span class="bld">vimānaṃ, vī</span>ti vā sakuṇo vuccati, taṃ saṇṭhānena mīyati nimmīyatīti <span class="bld">vimāna</span>ntiādināpi vattabbo. <span class="bld">Vimānaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> pana ‘‘ekayojanadviyojanādibhāvena pamāṇavisesayuttatāya, sobhātisayayogena ca visesato mānanīyatāya vimāna’’nti (vi. va. aṭṭha. ganthārambhakathā) vuttaṃ. Natthi agghametesanti <span class="bld">anagghāni,</span> aparimāṇagghāni agghitumasakkuṇeyyānīti vuttaṃ hoti. Patirūpaṃ, paccekaṃ vā attharitabbānīti <span class="bld">paccattharaṇāni,</span> tesaṃ satāni tathā. <span class="bld">Uttarābhimukha</span>nti uttaradisābhimukhaṃ. Dhammopi satthāyeva satthukiccanipphādanatoti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘buddhassa bhagavato āsanārahaṃ dhammāsanaṃ paññapetvā’’</span>ti. Yathāha ‘‘yo kho…pe… mamaccayena satthā’’tiādi, (dī. ni. 2.216) tathāgatappaveditadhammadesakassa vā satthukiccāvahattā tathārūpe āsane nisīditumarahatīti dassetumpi evaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Āsanāraha</span>nti nisīdanārahaṃ. <span class="bld">Dhammāsana</span>nti dhammadesakāsanaṃ, dhammaṃ vā kathetuṃ yuttāsanaṃ. <span class="bld">Dantakhacita</span>nti dantehi khacitaṃ, hatthidantehi katanti vuttaṃ hoti. ‘‘Danto nāma hatthidanto vuccatī’’ti hi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti etasmiṃ dhammāsane. <span class="bld">Mama kicca</span>nti mama kammaṃ, mayā vā karaṇīyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="V1.0067"></a> āyasmato ānandassa asekkhabhūmisamāpajjanaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘tasmiñca panā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">tasmiñca pana divasa</span>eti tathā raññā ārocāpitadivase, sāvaṇamāsassa<span class="bld"> </span>kāḷapakkhacatutthadivaseti vuttaṃ hoti. Anatthajananato visasaṅkāsatāya kileso <span class="bld">visaṃ,</span> tassa khīṇāsavabhāvato aññathābhāvasaṅkhātā satti <span class="bld">gandho.</span> Tathā hi so <a name="M1.0075"></a> bhagavato parinibbānādīsu vilāpādimakāsi. Apica visajananakapupphādigandhapaṭibhāgatāya nānāvidhadukkhahetukiriyājananako kilesova <span class="bld">‘‘visagandho’’</span>ti vuccati. Tathā hi so ‘‘visaṃ haratīti visattikā, visamūlāti visattikā, visaphalāti visattikā, visaparibhogāti visattikā’’tiādinā (mahāni. 3) vuttoti. Apica <span class="bld">visagandho</span>nāma virūpo maṃsādigandho, taṃsadisatāya pana kileso. ‘‘Vissasaddo hi virūpe’’ti (dha. sa. ṭī. 624) <span class="bld">abhidhammaṭīkāyaṃ</span>vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Addhā</span>ti ekaṃsato. <span class="bld">Saṃvega</span>nti dhammasaṃvegaṃ. ‘‘Ohitabhārāna’’nti hi yebhuyyena, padhānena ca vuttaṃ. Edisesu pana ṭhānesu tadaññesampi dhammasaṃvegoyeva adhippeto. Tathā hi ‘‘saṃvego nāma sahottappaṃ ñāṇaṃ, so tassā bhagavato dassane uppajjī’’ti (vi. va. aṭṭha. 838) <span class="bld">rajjumālāvimānavaṇṇanāyaṃ</span>vuttaṃ, sā ca tadā aviññātasāsanā anāgataphalāti. Itarathā hi cittutrāsavasena dosoyeva saṃvegoti āpajjati, evañca sati so tassa asekkhabhūmisamāpajjanassa ekaṃsakāraṇaṃ na siyā. Evamabhūto ca so idha na vattabboyevāti alamatipapañcena. <span class="bld">Tenā</span>ti tasmā sve saṅghasannipātassa vattamānattā, sekkhasakaraṇīyattā vā. <span class="bld">Te na yutta</span>nti tava na yuttaṃ, tayā vā sannipātaṃ gantuṃ na patirūpaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Meta</span>nti mama etaṃ gamanaṃ. <span class="bld">Yvāha</span>nti yo ahaṃ, <span class="bld">ya</span>nti vā kiriyāparāmasanaṃ, tena ‘‘gaccheyya’’nti ettha gamanakiriyaṃ parāmasati, kiriyāparāmasanassa ca yaṃ taṃ-saddassa ayaṃ pakati, yadidaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgena, ekavacanena ca yogyatā tathāyeva tattha tattha dassanato. Kiriyāya hi sabhāvato napuṃsakattamekattañca icchanti saddavidū. <span class="bld">Āvajjesī</span>ti upanāmesi. <span class="bld">Muttā</span>ti muccitā. <span class="bld">Appattañcā</span>ti agatañca, bimbohane na tāva ṭhapitanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Etasmiṃ antare</span>ti etthantare, iminā padadvayena dassitakālānaṃ vemajjhakkhaṇe, tathādassitakāladvayassa vā vivareti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kāraṇe ceva citte ca, khaṇasmiṃ vivarepi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vemajjhādīsu atthesu ‘antarā’ti ravo gato’’ti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Hi <a name="V1.0068"></a> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Anupādāyā</span>ti taṇhādiṭṭhivasena kañci dhammaṃ aggahetvā, yehi vā kilesehi muccati, tesaṃ lesamattampi aggahetvā. <span class="bld">Āsavehī</span>ti <a name="M1.0076"></a> bhavato ā bhavaggaṃ, dhammato ca ā gotrabhuṃ savanato pavattanato āsavasaññitehi kilesehi. Upalakkhaṇavacanamattañcetaṃ. Tadekaṭṭhatāya hi sabbehipi kilesehi sabbehipi pāpadhammehi cittaṃ vimuccatiyeva. <span class="bld">Cittaṃ vimuccī</span>ti <span class="bld">cittaṃ</span> arahattamaggakkhaṇe āsavehi vimuccamānaṃ hutvā arahattaphalakkhaṇe vimucci. Tadatthaṃ vivarati <span class="bld">‘‘ayañhī’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Caṅkamenā</span>ti caṅkamanakiriyāya. <span class="bld">Visesa</span>nti attanā laddhamaggaphalato visesamaggaphalaṃ. Vivaṭṭūpanissayabhūtaṃ kataṃ upacitaṃ puññaṃ yenāti <span class="bld">katapuñño,</span> arahattādhigamāya katādhikāroti attho. <span class="bld">Padhānamanuyuñjā</span>ti vīriyamanuyuñjāhi, arahattasamāpattiyā anuyogaṃ karohīti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Hohisī</span>ti bhavissasi. <span class="bld">Kathādoso</span>ti kathāya doso vitathabhāvo. <span class="bld">Accāraddha</span>nti ativiya āraddhaṃ. <span class="bld">Uddhaccāyā</span>ti uddhatabhāvāya. <span class="bld">Handā</span>ti vossaggavacanaṃ. Tena hi adhunāyeva yojemi, na panāhaṃ papañcaṃ karomīti vossaggaṃ karoti. <span class="bld">Vīriyasamataṃ yojemī</span>ti caṅkamanavīriyassa adhimattattā tassa hāpanavasena samādhinā samatāpādanena vīriyassa samataṃ samabhāvaṃ yojemi, vīriyena vā samathasaṅkhātaṃ samādhiṃ yojemītipi attho. Dvidhāpi hi pāṭho dissati. <span class="bld">Vissamissāmī</span>ti assasissāmi. Idāni tassa visesato pasaṃsanārahabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tenā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Tenā</span>ti catuiriyāpathavirahitatākāraṇena. <span class="bld">‘‘Anipanno’’</span>tiādīni paccuppannavacanāneva. Parinibbutopi so ākāseyeva parinibbāyi. Tasmā therassa kilesaparinibbānaṃ, khandhaparinibbānañca visesena pasaṃsārahaṃ acchariyabbhutamevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dutiyadivase</span>ti therena arahattapattadivasato dutiyadivase. <span class="bld">Pañcamiya</span>nti tithīpekkhāya vuttaṃ, ‘‘dutiyadivase’’ti iminā tulyādhikaraṇaṃ. Bhinnaliṅgampi hi tulyatthapadaṃ dissati yathā ‘‘guṇo pamāṇaṃ, vīsati cittāni’’ iccādi. <span class="bld">Kāḷapakkhassā</span>ti sāvaṇamāsakāḷapakkhassa. Paṭhamañhi māsaṃ khaṇḍaphullapaṭisaṅkharaṇamakaṃsu, paṭhamamāsabhāvo ca majjhimappadesavohārena. Tattha hi purimapuṇṇamito yāva aparā puṇṇamī, tāva eko māsoti voharanti. Tato tīṇi divasāni rājā maṇḍapamakāsi, tato dutiyadivase thero arahattaṃ sacchākāsi, tatiyadivase pana sannipatitvā therā saṅgītimakaṃsu, tasmā āsaḷhimāsakāḷapakkhapāṭipadato yāva sāvaṇamāsakāḷapakkhapañcamī<a name="M1.0077"></a>, tāva pañcadivasādhiko ekamāso hoti. <span class="bld">Samāno</span>ti uppajjamāno. <span class="bld">Haṭṭhatuṭṭhacitto</span>ti ativiya somanassacitto, pāmojjena vā haṭṭhacitto pītiyā tuṭṭhacitto. <span class="bld">Ekaṃsa</span>nti ekasmiṃ aṃse, vāmaṃseti attho. Tathā hi <span class="bld">vaṅgīsasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ</span> vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ekaṃsaṃ <a name="V1.0069"></a> cīvaranti ettha puna saṇṭhāpanavasena evaṃ vuttaṃ, ekaṃsanti ca vāmaṃsaṃ pārupitvā ṭhitassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Yato yathā vāmaṃsaṃ pārupitvā ṭhitaṃ hoti, tathā cīvaraṃ katvāti evamassattho veditabbo’’ti (su. ni. aṭṭha. 2.345).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bandha…pe… viyā</span>ti vaṇṭato pavuttasuparipakkatālaphalamiva. <span class="bld">Paṇḍu…pe… viyā</span>ti sitapītapabhāyuttapaṇḍuromajakambale ṭhapito jātimā maṇi viya, jātivacanena cettha kuttimaṃ nivatteti. <span class="bld">Samuggatapuṇṇacando viyā</span>ti juṇhapakkhapannarasuposathe samuggato soḷasakalāparipuṇṇo cando viya. <span class="bld">Bālā…pe… viyā</span>ti taruṇasūriyapabhāsamphassena phullitasuvaṇṇavaṇṇaparāgagabbhaṃ satapattapaddhaṃ viya. ‘‘Piñjarasaddo hi hemavaṇṇapariyāyo’’ti (sārattha. ṭī. 1.22) <span class="bld">sāratthadīpaniyaṃ</span> vutto. <span class="bld">Pariyodātenā</span>ti pabhassarena. <span class="bld">Sappabhenā</span>ti vaṇṇappabhāya, sīlappabhāya ca samannāgatena. <span class="bld">Sassirikenā</span>ti sarīrasobhaggādisaṅkhātāya siriyā ativiya sirimatā. <span class="bld">Mukhavarenā</span>ti yathāvuttasobhāsamalaṅkatattā uttamamukhena. Kāmaṃ ‘‘ahamasmi arahattaṃ patto’’ti nārocesi, tathārūpāya pana uttamalīḷāya gamanato passantā sabbepi tamatthaṃ jānanti, tasmā ārocento viya hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘attano arahattappattiṃ ārocayamāno viya agamāsī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kimatthaṃ panāyaṃ evamārocayamāno viya agamāsīti? Vuccate – so hi ‘‘attupanāyikaṃ akatvā aññabyākaraṇaṃ bhagavatā saṃvaṇṇita’’nti manasi karitvā ‘‘sekkhatāya dhammavinayasaṅgītiyā gahetumayuttampi bahussutattā gaṇhissāmā’’ti nisinnānaṃ therānaṃ arahattappattivijānanena somanassuppādanatthaṃ, ‘‘appamatto hohī’’ti bhagavatā dinnaovādassa ca saphalatādīpanatthaṃ evamārocayamāno viya agamāsīti. <span class="bld">Āyasmato</span> <span class="bld">mahākassapassa</span> <a name="M1.0078"></a> <span class="bld">etadahosi</span> samasamaṭṭhapanādinā yathāvuttakāraṇena satthukappattā. <span class="bld">Dhareyyā</span>ti vijjamāno bhaveyya. ‘‘Sobhati vata te āvuso ānanda arahattasamadhigamatā’’tiādinā sādhukāramadāsi. Ayamidha dīghabhāṇakānaṃ vādo. Khuddakabhāṇakesu ca suttanipātakhuddakapāṭhabhāṇakānaṃ vādotipi yujjati tadaṭṭhakathāsupi tathā vuttattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Majjhimaṃ nikāyaṃ bhaṇanti sīlenāti <span class="bld">majjhimabhāṇakā,</span> tappaguṇā ācariyā. <span class="bld">Yathāvuḍḍha</span>nti vuḍḍhapaṭipāṭiṃ, tadanatikkamitvā vā. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe. Ānandassa etamāsananti sambandho. <span class="bld">Tasmiṃ samaye</span>ti tasmiṃ evaṃkathanasamaye. <span class="bld">Thero cintesi</span> ‘‘kuhiṃ gato’’ti pucchantānaṃ attānaṃ dassente ativiya pākaṭabhāvena bhavissamānattā, ayampi majjhimabhāṇakesveva ekaccānaṃ vādo, tasmā itipi eke vadantīti sambandho. Ākāsena āgantvā attano āsaneyeva <a name="V1.0070"></a> attānaṃ dassesītipi tesameva ekacce vadanti. Pulliṅgavisaye hi ‘‘eke’’ti vutte sabbattha ‘‘ekacce’’ti attho veditabbo. Tīsupi cettha vādesu tesaṃ tesaṃ bhāṇakānaṃ tena tenākārena āgatamattaṃ ṭhapetvā visuṃ visuṃ vacane aññaṃ visesakāraṇaṃ natthi. Sattamāsaṃ katāya hi dhammavinayasaṅgītiyā kadāci pakatiyāva, kadāci pathaviyaṃ nimujjitvā, kadāci ākāsena āgatattā taṃ tadāgamanamupādāya tathā tathā vadanti. Apica saṅgītiyā ādidivaseyeva paṭhamaṃ pakatiyā āgantvā tato paraṃ ākāsamabbhuggantvā parisaṃ pattakāle tato otaritvā bhikkhupantiṃ apīḷento pathaviyaṃ nimujjitvā āsane attānaṃ dassesītipi vadanti. Yathā vā tathā vā āgacchatu, āgamanākāramattaṃ na pamāṇaṃ, āgantvā gatakāle āyasmato mahākassapassa sādhukāradānameva pamāṇaṃ satthārā dātabbasādhukāradāneneva arahattappattiyā aññesampi ñāpitattā, bhagavati dharamāne paṭiggahetabbāya ca pasaṃsāya therassa paṭiggahitattā. Tasmā tamatthaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘yathā vā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Sabbatthāpī</span>ti sabbesupi tīsu vādesu.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhikkhū āmantesī</span>ti bhikkhū ālapīti ayamettha attho, aññatra pana ñāpanepi dissati yathā ‘‘āmantayāmi vo bhikkhave, (dī. ni. 2.218) paṭivedayāmi vo bhikkhave’’ti <a name="M1.0079"></a> (a. ni. 7.72) pakkosanepi dissati yathā ‘‘ehi tvaṃ bhikkhu mama vacanena sāriputtaṃ āmantehī’’ti (a. ni. 9.11) ālapanepi dissati yathā ‘‘tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi ‘bhikkhavo’ti’’ (saṃ. ni. 1.249), idhāpi ālapaneti sāratthadīpaniyaṃ (sārattha. ṭī. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) vuttaṃ. Ālapanamattassa pana abhāvato ‘‘kiṃ paṭhamaṃ saṅgāyāmā’’tiādinā vuttena viññāpiyamānatthantarena ca sahacaraṇato ñāpaneva vaṭṭati, tasmā <span class="bld">āmantesī</span>ti paṭivedesi viññāpesīti attho vattabbo. ‘‘Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi ‘bhikkhavo’ti, ‘bhaddante’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosu’’ntiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.249) hi ālapanamattameva dissati, na viññāpiyamānatthantaraṃ, taṃ pana ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ bhikkhave’’tiādinā (saṃ. ni. 1.249) paccekameva āraddhaṃ. Tasmā tādisesveva ālapane vaṭṭatīti no takko. Saddavidū pana vadanti ‘‘āmantayitvā devindo, vissakammaṃ mahiddhika’ntiādīsu (cariyā. 107) viya mantasaddo guttabhāsane. Tasmā ‘āmantesī’ti etassa sammantayīti attho’’ti. <span class="bld">‘‘Āvuso’’</span>tiādi āmantanākāradīpanaṃ. <span class="bld">Dhammaṃ vā vinayaṃ vā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">vā</span>-saddo vikappane, tena ‘‘kimekaṃ tesu paṭhamaṃ saṅgāyāmā’’ti dasseti. Kasmā āyūti āha <span class="bld">‘‘vinaye ṭhite’’</span>tiādi. ‘‘Yasmā, tasmā’’ti ca ajjhāharitvā yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Tasmā</span>ti tāya āyusarikkhatāya<a name="V1.0071"></a>. <span class="bld">Dhura</span>nti jeṭṭhakaṃ. <span class="bld">No nappahotī</span>ti pahotiyeva. Dvipaṭisedho hi saha atisayena pakatyatthadīpako.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Etadagga</span>nti eso aggo. Liṅgavipallāsena hi ayaṃ niddeso. <span class="bld">Yadida</span>nti ca yo ayaṃ, yadidaṃ khandhapañcakanti vā yojetabbaṃ. Evañhi sati ‘‘etadagga’’nti yathārutaliṅgameva. ‘‘Yadida’’nti padassa ca ayaṃ sabhāvo, yā tassa tassa atthassa vattabbassa liṅgānurūpena ‘‘yo aya’’nti vā ‘‘yā aya’’nti vā ‘‘yaṃ ida’’nti vā yojetabbatā tathāyevassa tattha tattha dassitattā. <span class="bld">Bhikkhūnaṃ vinayadharāna</span>nti niddhāraṇachaṭṭhīniddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Attanāva attānaṃ sammannī</span>ti sayameva attānaṃ sammataṃ akāsi. ‘‘Attanā’’ti hi idaṃ tatiyāvisesanaṃ bhavati, tañca parehi sammannanaṃ nivatteti, ‘‘attanā’’ti vā ayaṃ vibhatyantapatirūpako abyayasaddo<a name="M1.0080"></a>. Keci pana ‘‘liṅgatthe tatiyā abhihitakattubhāvato’’ti vadanti. Tadayuttameva ‘‘thero’’ti kattuno vijjamānattā. Vissajjanatthāya attanāva attānaṃ sammannīti yojetabbaṃ. Pucchadhātussa dvikammikattā ‘‘upāliṃ vinaya’’nti kammadvayaṃ vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bījaniṃ gahetvā</span>ti ettha bījanīgahaṇaṃ dhammakathikānaṃ dhammatāti veditabbaṃ. Tāya hi dhammakathikānaṃ parisāya hatthakukkuccamukhavikārādi paṭicchādīyati. Bhagavā ca dhammakathikānaṃ dhammatādassanatthameva vicitrabījaniṃ gaṇhāti. Aññathā hi sabbassapi lokassa alaṅkārabhūtaṃ paramukkaṃsagatasikkhāsaṃyamānaṃ buddhānaṃ mukhacandamaṇḍalaṃ paṭicchādetabbaṃ na siyā. ‘‘Paṭhamaṃ āvuso upāli pārājikaṃ kattha paññatta’’nti kasmā vuttaṃ, nanu tassa saṅgītiyā purimakāle paṭhamabhāvo na yuttoti? No na yutto bhagavatā paññattānukkamena, pātimokkhuddesānukkamena ca paṭhamabhāvassa siddhattā. Yebhuyyena hi tīṇi piṭakāni bhagavato dharamānakāle ṭhitānukkameneva saṅgītāni, visesato vinayābhidhammapiṭakānīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Kismiṃ vatthusmi</span>nti, <span class="bld">methunadhamme</span>ti ca nimittatthe bhummavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Kattha paññatta’’</span>ntiādinā dassitena saha tadavasiṭṭhampi saṅgahetvā dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘vatthumpi pucchī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Saṅgītikārakavacanasammissaṃ vā nu kho, suddhaṃ vā buddhavacananti āsaṅkāpariharaṇatthaṃ, yathāsaṅgītasseva pamāṇabhāvaṃ dassanatthañca pucchaṃ samuddharitvā vissajjento <span class="bld">‘‘kiṃ panetthā’’</span>tiādimāha. Ettha <span class="bld">paṭhamapārājike</span>ti etissaṃ tathāsaṅgītāya paṭhamapārājikapāḷiyaṃ. Tenevāha ‘‘na hi tathāgatā ekabyañjanampi niratthakaṃ vadantī’’ti. <span class="bld">Apanetabba</span>nti atirekabhāvena <a name="V1.0072"></a> niratthakatāya, vitathabhāvena vā ayuttatāya chaḍḍetabbavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Pakkhipitabba</span>nti asampuṇṇatāya upanetabbavacanaṃ. Kasmāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘na hī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Sāvakānaṃ pana devatānaṃ vā bhāsite</span>ti bhagavato pucchāthomanādivasena bhāsitaṃ sandhāyāha. <span class="bld">Sabbatthāpī</span>ti bhagavato sāvakānaṃ devatānañca bhāsitepi. Taṃ pana pakkhipanaṃ sambandhavacanamattasseva, na sabhāvāyuttiyā atthassāti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘kiṃ pana ta’’</span>ntiādinā <span class="bld">sambandhavacanamatta</span>nti pubbāparasambandhavacanameva. <span class="bld">Idaṃ paṭhamapārājika</span>nti vavatthapetvā <span class="bld">ṭhapesuṃ</span> imināva vācanāmaggena uggahaṇadhāraṇādikiccanipphādanatthaṃ, tadatthameva ca <span class="bld">gaṇasajjhāyamakaṃsu ‘‘tena…pe… viharatī’’</span>ti. Sajjhāyārambhakāleyeva pathavī akampitthāti vadanti, tadidaṃ pana pathavīkampanaṃ therānaṃ dhammasajjhāyānubhāvenāti <a name="M1.0081"></a> ñāpetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sādhukāraṃ dadamānā viyā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Udakapariyanta</span>nti pathavīsandhārakaudakapariyantaṃ. Tasmiñhi caliteyeva sāpi calati, etena ca padesapathavīkampanaṃ nivatteti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiñcāpi pāḷiyaṃ gaṇanā natthi, saṅgītimāropitāni pana ettakānevāti dīpetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘pañcasattati sikkhāpadānī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘purimanayenevā’’</span>ti etena sādhukāraṃ dadamānā viyāti atthamāha. Na kevalaṃ sikkhāpadakaṇḍavibhaṅganiyameneva, atha kho pamāṇaniyamenāpīti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘catusaṭṭhibhāṇavārā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Ettha ca <span class="bld">bhāṇavāro</span>ti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Aṭṭhakkharā <span class="bld">ekapadaṃ, ekagāthā</span> catuppadaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Gāthā cekā mato <span class="bld">gantho,</span> gantho bāttiṃsatakkharo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bāttiṃsakkharaganthānaṃ, paññāsadvisataṃ pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Bhāṇavāro</span> mato eko, svaṭṭhakkharasahassako’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ aṭṭhakkharasahassaparimāṇo pāṭho vuccati. Bhaṇitabbo vāro yassāti hi <span class="bld">bhāṇavāro,</span> ekena sajjhāyanamaggena kathetabbavāroti attho. <span class="bld">Khandhaka</span>nti mahāvaggacūḷavaggaṃ. Khandhānaṃ samūhato, pakāsanato vā khandhakoti hi vuccati, <span class="bld">khandhā</span>ti cettha pabbajjūpasampadādivinayakammasaṅkhātā, cārittavārittasikkhāpadasaṅkhātā ca paññattiyo adhippetā. Pabbajjādīni hi bhagavatā paññattattā paññattiyoti vuccanti. Paññattiyañca khandhasaddo dissati ‘‘dārukkhandho, (a. ni. 6.41) aggikkhandho (a. ni. 7.72), udakakkhandho’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 5.45; 6.37) viya. Apica bhāgarāsaṭṭhatāpi <a name="V1.0073"></a> yujjatiyeva tāsaṃ paññattīnaṃ bhāgato, rāsito ca vibhattattā, taṃ pana vinayapiṭakaṃ bhāṇakehi rakkhitaṃ gopitaṃ saṅgahāruḷhanayeneva cirakālaṃ anassamānaṃ hutvā patiṭṭhahissatīti āyasmantaṃ upālittheraṃ paṭicchāpesuṃ ‘‘āvuso imaṃ tuyhaṃ nissitake vācehī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhammaṃ saṅgāyitukāmo</span>ti suttantābhidhammasaṅgītiṃ kattukāmo ‘‘dhammo ca vinayo ca desito paññatto’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.216) viya pārisesanayena dhammasaddassa suttantābhidhammesveva pavattanato. Ayamattho upari āvi bhavissati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Saṅghaṃ ñāpesī</span>ti ettha heṭṭhā vuttanayena attho veditabbo. <span class="bld">Kataraṃ āvuso piṭaka</span>nti vinayāvasesesu dvīsu piṭakesu kataraṃ piṭakaṃ. Vinayābhidhammānampi <a name="M1.0082"></a> khuddakasaṅgītipariyāpannattā tamantarena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘suttantapiṭake catasso saṅgītiyo’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Saṅgītiyo</span>ti ca saṅgāyanakāle dīghādivasena visuṃ visuṃ niyametvā saṅgayhamānattā nikāyāva vuccanti. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘dīghasaṅgīti’’</span>ntiādi. Suttāneva sampiṇḍetvā vaggakaraṇavasena tayo vaggā, nāññānīti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘catuttiṃsa suttāni tayo vaggā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Tasmā catuttisaṃ suttāni tayo vaggā honti, suttāni vā catuttiṃsa, tesaṃ vaggakaraṇavasena tayo vaggā, tesu tīsu vaggesūti yojetabbaṃ. ‘‘Brahmajālasuttaṃ nāma atthi, taṃ paṭhamaṃ saṅgāyāmā’’ti vutte kasmāti codanāsambhavato <span class="bld">‘‘tividhasīlālaṅkata’’</span>ntiādimāha. Hetugabbhāni hi etāni. Cūḷamajjhimamahāsīlavasena tividhassāpi sīlassa pakāsanattā tena alaṅkataṃ vibhūsitaṃ tathā nānāvidhe micchājīvabhūte kuhanalapanādayo viddhaṃsetīti <span class="bld">nānāvidhamicchājīvakuhanalapanādividdhaṃsanaṃ.</span> Tattha <span class="bld">kuhanā</span>ti kuhāyanā, paccayapaṭisevanasāmantajappanairiyāpathasannissitasaṅkhātena tividhena vatthunā vimhāpanāti attho. <span class="bld">Lapanā</span>ti vihāraṃ āgate manusse disvā ‘‘kimatthāya bhonto āgatā, kiṃ bhikkhū nimantetuṃ. Yadi evaṃ gacchatha, ahaṃ pacchato bhikkhū gahetvā āgacchāmī’’ti evamādinā bhāsanā. Ādisaddena pupphadānādayo, nemittikatādayo ca saṅgaṇhāti. Apicettha micchājīvasaddena kuhanalapanāhi sesaṃ anesanaṃ gaṇhāti. Ādisaddena pana tadavasesaṃ mahicchatādikaṃ dussilyanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhiyo eva paliveṭhanaṭṭhena jālasarikkhatāya <span class="bld">jālaṃ,</span> tassa viniveṭhanaṃ apaliveṭhakaraṇaṃ tathā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Antarā ca bhante rājagahaṃ antarā ca nāḷanda</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">antarā</span>saddo vivare ‘‘apicāyaṃ bhikkhave <a name="V1.0074"></a> tapodādvinnaṃ mahānirayānaṃ antarikāya āgacchatī’’tiādīsu (pārā. 231) viya. Tasmā rājagahassa ca nāḷandassa ca vivareti attho daṭṭhabbo. Antarāsaddena pana yuttattā upayogavacanaṃ kataṃ. Īdisesu ṭhānesu akkharacintakā ‘‘antarā gāmañca nadiñca yātī’’ti evaṃ ekameva antarāsaddaṃ payujjanti, so dutiyapadenapi yojetabbo hoti. Ayojiyamāne hi upayogavacanaṃ na pāpuṇāti sāmivacanassa pasaṅge antarāsaddayogena upayogavacanassa icchitattā. Tattha rañño kīḷanatthaṃ paṭibhānacittavicitraagāramakaṃsu, taṃ <span class="bld">‘‘rājāgāraka’’</span>nti vuccati, tasmiṃ. <span class="bld">Ambalaṭṭhikā</span>ti rañño <a name="M1.0083"></a> uyyānaṃ. Tassa kira dvārasamīpe taruṇo ambarukkho atthi, taṃ ‘‘ambalaṭṭhikā’’ti vadanti, tassa samīpe pavattattā uyyānampi ‘‘ambalaṭṭhikā’’ tveva saṅkhyaṃ gataṃ yathā ‘‘varuṇanagara’’nti, tasmā ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ nāma uyyāne rājāgāraketi attho. Aviññāyamānassa hi viññāpanatthaṃ etaṃ ādhāradvayaṃ vuttaṃ rājāgārametassāti vā <span class="bld">rājāgārakaṃ,</span> uyyānaṃ, rājāgāravati ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ nāma uyyāneti attho. Bhinnaliṅgampi hi visesanapadamatthī’’ti keci vadanti, evaṃ sati rājāgāraṃ ādhāro na siyā. <span class="bld">‘‘Rājāgārake</span>ti evaṃnāmake uyyāne abhiramanārahaṃ kira rājāgārampi. Tattha, yassa vasenetaṃ evaṃ nāmaṃ labhatī’’ti (vajira. ṭī. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) <span class="bld">vajirabuddhitthero</span>. Evaṃ sati ‘‘ambalaṭṭhikāya’’nti āsannataruṇambarukkhena visesetvā ‘‘rājāgārake’’ti uyyānameva nāmavasena vuttanti attho āpajjati, tathā ca vuttadosova siyā. <span class="bld">Suppiyañca paribbājaka</span>nti suppiyaṃ nāma sañcayassa antevāsiṃ channaparibbājakañca. <span class="bld">Brahmadattañca māṇava</span>nti ettha taruṇo ‘‘māṇavo’’ti vutto ‘‘ambaṭṭho māṇavo, aṅgako māṇavo’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.259, 211) viya, tasmā brahmadattaṃ nāma taruṇapurisañca ārabbhāti attho. <span class="bld">Vaṇṇāvaṇṇe</span>ti pasaṃsāya ceva garahāya ca. Atha vā guṇo vaṇṇo, aguṇo avaṇṇo, tesaṃ bhāsanaṃ uttarapadalopena tathā vuttaṃ yathā ‘‘rūpabhavo rūpa’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Tato para’’</span>ntiādimhi ayaṃ vacanakkamo – sāmaññaphalaṃ panāvuso ānanda kattha bhāsitanti? Rājagahe bhante jīvakambavaneti. Kena saddhinti? Ajātasattunā vedehiputtena saddhinti. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ sāmaññaphalassa nidānampi pucchi, puggalampi pucchīti. Ettha hi ‘‘kaṃ ārabbhā’’ti avatvā ‘‘kena saddhi’’nti vattabbaṃ. Kasmāti ce? Na bhagavatā eva etaṃ suttaṃ bhāsitaṃ, raññāpi ‘‘yathā nu kho imāni puthusippāyatanānī’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.163) kiñci kiñci vuttamatthi, tasmā evameva vattabbanti. Imināva nayena sabbattha ‘‘kaṃ ārabbhā’’ti vā ‘‘kena saddhi’’nti vā yathārahaṃ vatvā saṅgītimakāsīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Tanti</span>nti suttavaggasamudāyavasena vavatthitaṃ pāḷiṃ. Evañca <a name="V1.0075"></a> katvā ‘‘tivaggasaṅgahaṃ catuttiṃsasuttapaṭimaṇḍita’’nti vacanaṃ upapannaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Pariharathā</span>ti uggahaṇavācanādivasena dhāretha. Tato anantaraṃ saṅgāyitvāti sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Dhammasaṅgaho <a name="M1.0084"></a> cā’’tiādinā samāso. Evaṃ saṃvaṇṇitaṃ porāṇakehīti attho. Etena ‘‘mahādhammahadayena, mahādhātukathāya vā saddhiṃ sattappakaraṇaṃ abhidhammapiṭakaṃ nāmā’’ti vuttaṃ vitaṇḍavādimataṃ paṭikkhipitvā ‘‘kathāvatthunāva saddhi’’nti vuttaṃ samānavādimataṃ dasseti. Saṇhañāṇassa, saṇhañāṇavantānaṃ vā visayabhāvato <span class="bld">sukhumañāṇagocaraṃ.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Cūḷaniddesamahāniddesavasena duvidhopi <span class="bld">niddeso.</span> Jātakādike khuddakanikāyapariyāpanne, yebhuyyena ca dhammaniddesabhūte tādise abhidhammapiṭakeva saṅgaṇhituṃ yuttaṃ, na pana dīghanikāyādippakāre suttantapiṭake, nāpi paññattiniddesabhūte vinayapiṭaketi <span class="bld">dīghabhāṇakā</span> jātakādīnaṃ abhidhammapiṭake saṅgahaṃ vadanti. Cariyāpiṭakabuddhavaṃsānañcettha aggahaṇaṃ jātakagatikattā, nettipeṭakopadesādīnañca niddesapaṭisambhidāmaggagatikattā. <span class="bld">Majjhimabhāṇakā</span> pana aṭṭhuppattivasena desitānaṃ jātakādīnaṃ yathānulomadesanābhāvato tādise suttantapiṭake saṅgaho yutto, na pana sabhāvadhammaniddesabhūte yathādhammasāsane abhidhammapiṭake, nāpi paññattiniddesabhūte yathāparādhasāsane vinayapiṭaketi jātakādīnaṃ suttantapiṭakapariyāpannataṃ vadanti. Yuttamettha vicāretvā gahetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ nimittapayojanakāladesakārakakaraṇappakārehi paṭhamaṃ saṅgītiṃ dassetvā idāni tattha vavatthāpitesu dhammavinayesu nānappakārakosallatthaṃ ekavidhādibhedaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘evameta’’</span>ntiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">‘‘eva’’</span>nti iminā etasaddena parāmasitabbaṃ yathāvuttasaṅgītippakāraṃ nidasseti. <span class="bld">‘‘Yañhī’’</span>tiādi vitthāro. <span class="bld">Anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhi</span>nti anāvaraṇañāṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ maggañāṇaṃ, maggañāṇapadaṭṭhānañca anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Etthantare</span>ti abhisambujjhanassa, parinibbāyanassa ca vivare. Tadetaṃ <span class="bld">pañcacattālīsa vassānī</span>ti kālavasena niyameti. <span class="bld">Paccavekkhantena vā</span>ti udānādivasena pavattadhammaṃ sandhāyāha. Yaṃ vacanaṃ vuttaṃ, sabbaṃ tanti sambandho. Kiṃ panetanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘vimuttirasamevā’’</span>ti, na tadaññarasanti vuttaṃ hoti. Vimuccitthāti <span class="bld">vimutti,</span> rasitabbaṃ assādetabbanti <span class="bld">rasaṃ,</span> vimuttisaṅkhātaṃ rasametassāti <span class="bld">vimuttirasaṃ,</span> arahattaphalassādanti attho. Ayaṃ <span class="bld">ācariyasāriputtattherassa</span> mati (sārattha. ṭī. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā). <span class="bld">Ācariyadhammapālatthero</span> pana taṃ kecivādaṃ katvā imamatthamāha <a name="M1.0085"></a> ‘‘vimuccati vimuccitthāti <span class="bld">vimutti,</span> yathārahaṃ maggo phalañca. <span class="bld">Rasa</span>nti guṇo, sampattikiccaṃ vā<a name="V1.0076"></a>, vuttanayena samāso. Vimuttānisaṃsaṃ, vimuttisampattikaṃ vā maggaphalanipphādanato, vimuttikiccaṃ vā kilesānamaccantavimuttisampādanatoti attho’’ti (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā). <span class="bld">Aṅguttaraṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> pana ‘‘attharasassādīsu attharaso nāma cattāri sāmaññaphalāni, dhammaraso nāma cattāro maggā, vimuttiraso nāma amatanibbāna’’nti (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.335) vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiñcāpi avisesena sabbampi buddhavacanaṃ kilesavinayanena <span class="bld">vinayo,</span> yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāne apāyapatanādito dhāraṇena <span class="bld">dhammo</span> ca hoti, tathāpi idhādhippeteyeva dhammavinaye vatticchāvasena sarūpato niddhāretuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tattha vinayapiṭaka’’</span>ntiādimāha. <span class="bld">Avasesaṃ buddhavacanaṃ dhammo</span> khandhādivasena sabhāvadhammadesanābāhullato. Atha vā yadipi vinayo ca dhammoyeva pariyattiyādibhāvato, tathāpi vinayasaddasannidhāne bhinnādhikaraṇabhāvena payutto dhammasaddo vinayatanti viparītaṃ tantimeva dīpeti yathā ‘‘puññañāṇasambhārā, gobalībadda’’nti. Payogavasena taṃ dassentena <span class="bld">‘‘tenevāhā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Yena vinaya…pe… dhammo, teneva tesaṃ tathābhāvaṃ <span class="bld">saṅgītikkhandhake</span> (cūḷava. 347) āhāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Anekajātisaṃsāra’’</span>nti ayaṃ gāthā bhagavatā attano sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ arahattappattiṃ paccavekkhantena ekūnavīsatimassa paccavekkhaṇañāṇassa anantaraṃ bhāsitā, tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘paṭhamabuddhavacana’’</span>nti vuttā. Idaṃ kira sabbabuddhehi avijahitaṃ udānaṃ. Ayamassa saṅkhepattho – ahaṃ imassa attabhāvasaṅkhātassa gehassa kārakaṃ taṇhāvaḍḍhakiṃ <span class="bld">gavesanto</span> yena ñāṇena taṃ daṭṭhuṃ sakkā, tassa bodhiñāṇassatthāya dīpaṅkarapādamūle katābhinīhāro ettakaṃ kālaṃ <span class="bld">anekajātisaṃsāraṃ</span> anekajātisatasahassasaṅkhyaṃ saṃsāravaṭṭaṃ <span class="bld">anibbisaṃ</span> anibbisanto taṃ ñāṇaṃ avindanto alabhantoyeva <span class="bld">sandhāvissaṃ</span> saṃsariṃ. Yasmā jarābyādhimaraṇamissatāya <span class="bld">jāti</span> nāmesā <span class="bld">punappunaṃ</span> upagantuṃ <span class="bld">dukkhā,</span> na ca sā tasmiṃ adiṭṭhe nivattati, tasmā taṃ gavesanto sandhāvissanti attho. Idāni bho attabhāvasaṅkhātassa gehassa kāraka taṇhāvaḍḍhaki tvaṃ mayā sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ paṭivijjhantena <span class="bld">diṭṭho asi. Puna</span> imaṃ attabhāvasaṅkhātaṃ mama <span class="bld">gehaṃ na kāhasi</span> na karissasi. Tava <span class="bld">sabbā</span> avasesakilesa <span class="bld">phāsukā</span> mayā <span class="bld">bhaggā</span> bhañjitā<a name="M1.0086"></a>. Imassa tayā katassa attabhāvasaṅkhātassa gehassa <span class="bld">kūṭaṃ</span> avijjāsaṅkhātaṃ kaṇṇikamaṇḍalaṃ <span class="bld">visaṅkhataṃ</span> viddhaṃsitaṃ. Idāni mama <span class="bld">cittaṃ visaṅkhāraṃ</span> nibbānaṃ ārammaṇakaraṇavasena <span class="bld">gataṃ</span> anupaviṭṭhaṃ. Ahañca <span class="bld">taṇhānaṃ khaya</span> saṅkhātaṃ arahattamaggaṃ, arahattaphalaṃ vā <span class="bld">ajjhagā</span> adhigato pattosmīti. <span class="bld">Gaṇṭhipadesu</span> pana visaṅkhāragataṃ <a name="V1.0077"></a> cittameva taṇhānaṃ khayasaṅkhātaṃ arahattamaggaṃ, arahattaphalaṃ vā ajjhagā adhigatanti attho vutto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Sandhāvissa’’nti ettha ca ‘‘gāthāyamatītatthe imissa’’nti neruttikā. ‘‘Taṃkālavacanicchāyamatītepi bhavissantī’’ti keci. <span class="bld">Punappuna</span>nti abhiṇhatthe nipāto. Pātabbā rakkhitabbāti <span class="bld">phāsu</span> pa-kārassa pha-kāraṃ katvā, phusitabbāti vā <span class="bld">phāsu,</span> sāyeva <span class="bld">phāsukā. Ajjhagā</span>ti ca ‘‘ajjataniyamāttamiṃ vā aṃ vā’’ti vadanti. Yadi pana cittameva kattā, tadā parokkhāyeva. Antojappanavasena kira bhagavā ‘‘anekajātisaṃsāra’’nti gāthādvayamāha, tasmā esā manasā pavattitadhammānamādi. ‘‘Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā’’ti ayaṃ pana vācāya pavattitadhammānanti vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kecī</span>ti khandhakabhāṇakā. Paṭhamaṃ vutto pana dhammapadabhāṇakānaṃ vādo. <span class="bld">Yadā…pe… dhammā</span>ti ettha nidassanattho, ādyattho ca iti-saddo luttaniddiṭṭho. Nidassanena hi mariyādavacanena vinā padatthavipallāsakārināva attho paripuṇṇo na hoti. Tattha ādyatthameva iti-saddaṃ gahetvā iti-saddo ādiattho, ‘‘tena ātāpino…pe… sahetudhamma’ntiādigāthāttayaṃ saṅgaṇhātī’’ti (sārattha. ṭī. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) <span class="bld">ācariyasāriputtattherena</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Khandhake</span>ti mahāvagge. <span class="bld">Udānagātha</span>nti jātiyā ekavacanaṃ, tatthāpi vā paṭhamagāthameva gahetvā vuttanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca <span class="bld">khandhakabhāṇakā</span> evaṃ vadanti ‘‘dhammapadabhāṇakānaṃ gāthā manasāva desitattā tadā mahato janassa upakārāya nāhosi, amhākaṃ pana gāthā vacībhedaṃ katvā desitattā tadā suṇantānaṃ devabrahmānaṃ upakārāya ahosi, tasmā idameva paṭhamabuddhavacana’’nti. <span class="bld">Dhammapadabhāṇakā</span> pana ‘‘desanāya janassa upakārānupakārabhāvo paṭhamabhāve lakkhaṇaṃ na hoti, bhagavatā manasā paṭhamaṃ desitattā idameva paṭhamabuddhavacana’’nti vadanti<a name="M1.0087"></a>. Tasmā ubhayampi ubhayathā yujjatīti veditabbaṃ. Nanu ca yadi ‘‘anekajātisaṃsāra’’nti gāthā manasāva desitā, atha kasmā <span class="bld">dhammapadaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> ‘‘anekajātisaṃsāra’nti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā bodhirukkhamūle nisinno udānavasena udānetvā aparabhāge ānandattherena puṭṭho kathesī’’ti (dha. pa. aṭṭha. 2.152 udānavatthu) vuttanti? Atthavasena tathāyeva gahetabbattā. Tatthāpi hi manasā udānetvāti atthoyeva gahetabbo. Desanā viya hi udānampi manasā udānaṃ, vacasā udānanti dvidhā viññāyati. Yadi cāyaṃ vacasā udānaṃ siyā, udānapāḷiyamāruḷhā bhaveyya<a name="V1.0078"></a>, tasmā udānapāḷiyamanāruḷhabhāvoyeva vacasā anudānetvā manasā udānabhāve kāraṇanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Pāṭipadadivase’’</span>ti idaṃ ‘‘sabbaññubhāvappattassā’’ti etena na sambajjhitabbaṃ, ‘‘paccavekkhantassa uppannā’’ti etena pana sambajjhitabbaṃ. Visākhapuṇṇamāyameva hi bhagavā paccūsasamaye sabbaññutaṃ patto. Lokiyasamaye pana evampi sambajjhanaṃ bhavati, tathāpi nesa sāsanasamayoti na gahetabbaṃ. Somanassameva <span class="bld">somanassamayaṃ</span> yathā ‘‘dānamayaṃ, sīlamaya’’nti, (dī. ni. 3.305; itivu. 60; netti. 34) taṃsampayuttañāṇenāti attho. Somanassena vā sahajātādisattiyā pakataṃ, tādisena ñāṇenātipi vaṭṭati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Handā</span>ti codanatthe nipāto. Iṅgha sampādethāti hi codeti. <span class="bld">Āmantayāmī</span>ti paṭivedayāmi, bodhemīti attho. <span class="bld">Vo</span>ti pana ‘‘āmantayāmī’’ti etassa kammapadaṃ. ‘‘Āmantanatthe dutiyāyeva, na catutthī’’ti hi vatvā tamevudāharanti akkharacintakā. <span class="bld">Vayadhammā</span>ti aniccalakkhaṇamukhena saṅkhārānaṃ dukkhānattalakkhaṇampi vibhāveti ‘‘yadaniccaṃ, taṃ dukkhaṃ. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ, tadanattā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.15, 45, 76, 77; 2.3.1, 4; paṭi. ma. 2.10) vacanato. Lakkhaṇattayavibhāvananayeneva ca tadārammaṇaṃ vipassanaṃ dassento sabbatitthiyānaṃ avisayabhūtaṃ buddhāveṇikaṃ catusaccakammaṭṭhānādhiṭṭhānaṃ aviparītaṃ nibbānagāminipaṭipadaṃ pakāsetīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Idāni tattha sammāpaṭipattiyaṃ niyojeti ‘‘appamādena sampādethā’’ti, tāya catusaccakammaṭṭhānādhiṭṭhānāya aviparītanibbānagāminipaṭipadāya appamādena sampādethāti attho. Apica <span class="bld">‘‘vayadhammā saṅkhārā’’</span>ti etena saṅkhepena saṃvejetvā <span class="bld">‘‘appamādena sampādethā’’</span>ti saṅkhepeneva niravasesaṃ sammāpaṭipattiṃ dasseti<a name="M1.0088"></a>. Appamādapadañhi sikkhattayasaṅgahitaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ sāsanaṃ pariyādiyitvā tiṭṭhati, sikkhattayasaṅgahitāya kevalaparipuṇṇāya sāsanasaṅkhātāya sammāpaṭipattiyā appamādena sampādethāti attho. <span class="bld">Ubhinnamantare</span>ti dvinnaṃ vacanānamantarāḷe vemajjhe. Ettha hi kālavatā kālopi nidassito tadavinābhāvittāti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Suttantapiṭaka</span>nti ettha suttameva <span class="bld">suttantaṃ</span> yathā ‘‘kammantaṃ, vananta’’nti. <span class="bld">Saṅgītañca asaṅgītañcā</span>ti sabbasarūpamāha. <span class="bld">‘‘Asaṅgīta</span>nti ca saṅgītikkhandhakakathāvatthuppakaraṇādi. Keci pana ‘subhasuttaṃ (dī. ni. 1.444) paṭhamasaṅgītiyamasaṅgīta’nti vadanti, taṃ na yujjati. Paṭhamasaṅgītito puretarameva hi āyasmatā ānandattherena jetavane viharantena subhassa māṇavassa bhāsita’’nti (dī. ni. ṭī. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> vuttaṃ. Subhasuttaṃ pana ‘‘evaṃ me suttaṃ ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ānando sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa <a name="V1.0079"></a> ārāme aciraparinibbute bhagavatī’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.444) āgataṃ. Tattha ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’ntiādivacanaṃ paṭhamasaṅgītiyaṃ āyasmatā ānandatthereneva vattuṃ yuttarūpaṃ na hoti. Na hi ānandatthero sayameva subhasuttaṃ desetvā ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’ntiādīni vadati. Evaṃ pana vattabbaṃ siyā ‘‘ekamidāhaṃ bhante samayaṃ sāvatthiyaṃ viharāmi jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme’’tiādi. Tasmā dutiyatatiyasaṅgītikārakehi ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’ntiādinā subhasuttaṃ saṅgītimāropitaṃ viya dissati. Athā<span class="bld">cariyadhammapālattherassa</span> evamadhippāyo siyā ‘‘ānandatthereneva vuttampi subhasuttaṃ paṭhamasaṅgītimāropetvā tantiṃ ṭhapetukāmehi mahākassapattherādīhi aññesu suttesu āgatanayeneva ‘evaṃ me suta’ntiādinā tanti ṭhapitā’’ti. Evaṃ sati yujjeyya. Atha vā āyasmā ānando subhasuttaṃ sayaṃ desentopi sāmaññaphalādīsu bhagavatā desitanayeneva desesīti bhagavato sammukhā laddhanaye ṭhatvā desitattā bhagavatā desitaṃ dhammaṃ attani adahanto ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’ntiādimāhāti evamadhippāyepi sati yujjateva. <span class="bld">‘‘Anusaṅgītañcā’’</span>tipi pāṭho. Dutiyatatiyasaṅgītīsu puna saṅgītañcāti atthavasena ninnānākaraṇameva. Samodhānetvā vinayapiṭakaṃ nāma veditabbaṃ, sutta…pe… abhidhammapiṭakaṃ nāma veditabbanti yojanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhikkhubhikkhunīpātimokkhavasena <a name="M1.0089"></a> <span class="bld">ubhayāni pātimokkhāni. </span> Bhikkhubhikkhunīvibhaṅgavasena <span class="bld">dve vibhaṅgā.</span> Mahāvaggacūḷavaggesu āgatā <span class="bld">dvāvīsati khandhakā.</span> Paccekaṃ soḷasahi vārehi upalakkhitattā <span class="bld">soḷasa parivārā</span>ti vuttaṃ. Parivārapāḷiyañhi mahāvibhaṅge soḷasa vārā, bhikkhunīvibhaṅge soḷasa vārā cāti bāttiṃsa vārā āgatā. Potthakesu pana katthaci ‘‘parivārā’’ti ettakameva dissati, bahūsu pana potthakesu vinayaṭṭhakathāyaṃ, abhidhammaṭṭhakathāyañca ‘‘soḷasa parivārā’’ti evameva dissamānattā ayampi pāṭho na sakkā paṭibāhitunti tassevattho vutto. <span class="bld">‘‘Itī’’</span>ti yathāvuttaṃ buddhavacanaṃ nidassetvā <span class="bld">‘‘ida’’</span>nti taṃ parāmasati. <span class="bld">Iti</span>-saddo vā idamatthe, <span class="bld">ida</span>nti vacanasiliṭṭhatāmattaṃ, <span class="bld">iti ida</span>nti vā pariyāyadvayaṃ idamattheyeva vattati ‘‘idānetarahi vijjatī’’tiādīsu viya. Esa nayo īdisesu. Brahmajālādīni catuttiṃsa suttāni saṅgayhanti ettha, etena vā, tesaṃ vā saṅgaho gaṇanā etassāti <span class="bld">brahmajālādicatuttiṃsasuttasaṅgaho.</span> Evamitaresupi. Heṭṭhā vuttesu dīghabhāṇakamajjhimabhāṇakānaṃ vādesu majjhimabhāṇakānaññeva vādassa yuttatarattā khuddakapāṭhādayopi suttantapiṭakeyeva saṅgahetvā dassento <span class="bld">‘‘khuddaka…pe… suttantapiṭakaṃ nāmā’’</span>ti āha. Tattha ‘‘suṇātha bhāvitattānaṃ, gāthā atthūpanāyikāti (theragā. nidānagāthā) vuttattā ‘‘theragāthā therīgāthā’’ti ca pāṭho yutto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="V1.0080"></a> sarūpato piṭakattayaṃ niyametvā idāni nibbacanaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tatthā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tesu tibbidhesu piṭakesu. <span class="bld">Vividhavisesanayattā</span>ti vividhanayattā, visesanayattā ca. <span class="bld">Vinayanato</span>ti vinayanabhāvato, bhāvappadhānaniddesoyaṃ, bhāvalopo vā, itarathā dabbameva padhānaṃ siyā, tathā ca sati vinayanatāguṇasamaṅginā vinayadabbeneva hetubhūtena vinayoti akkhāto, na pana vinayanatāguṇenāti anadhippetatthappasaṅgo bhaveyya. Ayaṃ nayo edisesu. Vinīyate vā <span class="bld">vinayanaṃ,</span> tatoti attho. <span class="bld">Ayaṃ vinayo</span>ti atthapaññattibhūto saññīsaṅkhāto ayaṃ tanti vinayo. <span class="bld">Vinayoti akkhāto</span>ti saddapaññattibhūto saññāsaṅkhāto vinayo nāmāti kathito. Atthapaññattiyā hi nāmapaññattivibhāvanaṃ nibbacananti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="M1.0090"></a> imissā gāthāya atthaṃ vibhāvento āha <span class="bld">‘‘vividhā hī’’</span>tiādi. ‘‘Vividhā ettha nayā, tasmā vividhanayattā vinayoti akkhāto’’tiādinā yojetabbaṃ. Vividhattaṃ sarūpato dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘pañcavidhā’’</span>tiādinā, tathā visesattampi <span class="bld">‘‘daḷhīkammā’’</span>tiādinā. Lokavajjesu sikkhāpadesu <span class="bld">daḷhīkammapayojanā,</span> paṇṇattivajjesu <span class="bld">sithilakaraṇapayojanā. </span> Saññamavelaṃ abhibhavitvā pavatto ācāro <span class="bld">ajjhācāro,</span> vītikkamo, kāye, vācāya ca pavatto so, tassa nisedhanaṃ tathā, tena tathānisedhanameva pariyāyena kāyavācāvinayanaṃ nāmāti dasseti. <span class="bld">‘‘Tasmā’’</span>ti vatvā tassānekadhā parāmasanamāha <span class="bld">‘‘vividhanayattā’’</span>tiādi. Yathāvuttā ca gāthā īdisassa nibbacanassa pakāsanatthaṃ vuttāti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tenā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Tenā</span>ti vividhanayattādihetunā karaṇabhūtenāti vadanti. Apica ‘‘vividhā hī’’tiādivākyassa yathāvuttassa guṇaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘tenā’’</span>tiādimāhātipi sambandhaṃ vadanti. Evaṃ sati <span class="bld">tenā</span>ti vividhanayattādinā hetubhūtenāti attho. Atha vā yathāvuttavacanameva sandhāya porāṇehi ayaṃ gāthā vuttāti saṃsandetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tenā’’</span>tiādi vuttantipi vadanti, dutiyanaye viya ‘‘tenā’’ti padassa attho. <span class="bld">Eta</span>nti gāthāvacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Etassā</span>ti vinayasaddassa, ‘‘vacanatthā’’ti padena sambandho. ‘‘Vacanassa attho’’ti hi sambandhe vuttepi tassa vacanasāmaññato visesaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘etassā’’</span>ti puna vuttaṃ. Neruttikā pana samāsataddhitesu siddhesu sāmaññattā, nāmasaddattā ca edisesu saddantarena visesitabhāvaṃ icchanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Atthāna’’nti padaṃ ‘‘sūcanato…pe… suttāṇā’’ti padehi yathārahaṃ kammasambandhavasena yojetabbaṃ. Tamatthaṃ vivarati <span class="bld">‘‘tañhī’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Attatthaparatthādibhede atthe</span>ti yo taṃ suttaṃ sajjhāyati, suṇāti, vāceti, cinteti, deseti ca, suttena saṅgahito sīlādiattho tassapi hoti, tena parassa sādhetabbato parassapīti tadubhayaṃ taṃ suttaṃ sūceti dīpeti, tathā diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikatthe <a name="V1.0081"></a> lokiyalokuttaratthe cāti evamādibhede atthe <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena saṅgaṇhāti. Atthasaddo cāyaṃ hitapariyāyo, na bhāsitatthavacano. Yadi siyā, suttaṃ attanopi bhāsitatthaṃ sūceti, parassapīti ayamanadhippetattho vutto siyā. Suttena hi yo attho pakāsito, so tasseva pakāsakassa <a name="M1.0091"></a> suttassa hoti, tasmā na tena parattho sūcito, tena sūcetabbassa paratthassa nivattetabbassa abhāvā attatthaggahaṇañca na kattabbaṃ. Attatthaparatthavinimuttassa bhāsitatthassa abhāvā ādiggahaṇañca na kattabbaṃ, tasmā yathāvuttassa hitapariyāyassa atthassa sutte asambhavato suttādhārassa puggalassa vasena attatthaparatthā vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā suttaṃ anapekkhitvā ye attatthādayo atthappabhedā ‘‘na ha’ññadattha’tthi pasaṃsalābhā’’ti etassa padassa niddese (mahāni. 63) vuttā ‘‘attattho, parattho, ubhayattho, diṭṭhadhammiko attho, samparāyiko attho, uttāno attho, gambhīro attho, gūḷho attho, paṭicchanno attho, neyyo attho, nīto attho, anavajjo attho, nikkileso attho, vodāno attho, paramattho’’ti, (mahāni. 63) te atthappabhede sūcetīti attho gahetabbo. Kiñcāpi hi suttanirapekkhaṃ attatthādayo vuttā suttatthabhāvena aniddiṭṭhattā, tesu pana ekopi atthappabhedo suttena dīpetabbataṃ nātivattatīti. Imasmiñca atthavikappe atthasaddo bhāsitatthapariyāyopi hoti. Ettha hi purimakā pañca atthappabhedā hitapariyāyā, tato pare cha bhāsitatthappabhedā, pacchimakā cattāro ubhayasabhāvā. Tattha suviññeyyatāya vibhāvena anagādhabhāvo <span class="bld">uttāno.</span> Duradhigamatāya vibhāvena agādhabhāvo <span class="bld">gambhīro.</span> Avivaṭo <span class="bld">gūḷho.</span> Mūludakādayo viya paṃsunā akkharasannivesādinā tirohito <span class="bld">paṭicchanno.</span> Niddhāretvā ñāpetabbo <span class="bld">neyyo.</span> Yathārutavasena veditabbo <span class="bld">nīto. Anavajjanikkilesavodānā</span> pariyāyavasena vuttā, kusalavipākakiriyādhammavasena vā yathākkamaṃ yojetabbā. <span class="bld">Paramattho</span> nibbānaṃ, dhammānaṃ aviparītasabhāvo eva vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā ‘‘attanā ca appiccho hotī’’ti attatthaṃ, ‘‘appicchakathañca paresaṃ kattā hotī’’ti paratthaṃ sūceti. Evaṃ ‘‘attanā ca pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, parañca pāṇātipātā veramaṇiyā samādapetī’’tiādisuttāni (a. ni. 4.99, 265) yojetabbāni. Apare pana ‘‘yathāsabhāvaṃ bhāsitaṃ attatthaṃ, pūraṇakassapādīnamaññatitthiyānaṃ samayabhūtaṃ paratthaṃ sūceti, suttena vā saṅgahitaṃ attatthaṃ, suttānulomabhūtaṃ paratthaṃ, suttantanayabhūtaṃ vā attatthaṃ, vinayābhidhammanayabhūtaṃ paratthaṃ <a name="M1.0092"></a> sūcetī’’tipi vadanti. Vinayābhidhammehi ca visesetvā suttasaddassa attho vattabbo, tasmā veneyyajjhāsayavasappavattāya desanāya sātisayaṃ attahitaparahitādīni <a name="V1.0082"></a> pakāsitāni honti tappadhānabhāvato, na pana āṇādhammasabhāva-vasappavattāyāti idameva ‘‘atthānaṃ sūcanato sutta’’nti vuttaṃ. Sūca-saddassa cettha rasso. ‘‘Evañca katvā ‘ettakaṃ tassa bhagavato suttāgataṃ suttapariyāpanna’nti (pāci. 655, 1242) ca sakavāde pañca suttasatānī’ti (aṭṭhasā. nidānakathā, kathā. aṭṭha. nidānakathā) ca evamādīsu suttasaddo upacaritoti gahetabbo’’ti (sārattha. ṭī. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) <span class="bld">ācariyasāriputtattherena</span> vuttaṃ. Aññe pana yathāvuttasadiseneva nibbacanena suttasaddassa vinayābhidhammānampi vācakattaṃ vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sutte ca āṇādhammasabhāvo veneyyajjhāsayamanuvattati, na vinayābhidhammesu viya veneyyajjhāsayo āṇādhammasabhāve, tasmā veneyyānaṃ ekantahitapaṭilābhasaṃvattanikā suttantadesanāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘suvuttā cettha atthā’’</span>tiādi. ‘‘Ekantahitapaṭilābhasaṃvattanikā suttantadesanā’’ti idampi veneyyānaṃ hitasampādane suttantadesanāya tapparabhāvameva sandhāya vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Tapparabhāvo</span> ca veneyyajjhāsayānulomato daṭṭhabbo. Tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘veneyyajjhāsayānulomena vuttattā’’</span>ti. Etena ca hetunā nanu vinayābhidhammāpi suvuttā, atha kasmā idameva evaṃ vuttanti anuyogaṃ pariharati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Anupubbasikkhādivasena kālantarena atthābhinipphattiṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sassamiva phala’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā sassaṃ nāma vapanaropanādikkhaṇeyeva phalaṃ na pasavati, anupubbajagganādivasena kālantareneva pasavati, tathā idampi savanadhāraṇādikkhaṇeyeva atthe na pasavati, anupubbasikkhādivasena kālantareneva pasavatīti. <span class="bld">Pasavatī</span>ti ca phalati, abhinipphādetīti attho. Abhinipphādanameva hi phalanaṃ. Upāyasamaṅgīnaññeva atthābhinipphattiṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘dhenu viya khīra’’</span>nti āha. Ayamettha adhippāyo – yathā dhenu nāma kāle jātavacchā thanaṃ gahetvā duhataṃ upāyavantānameva khīraṃ paggharāpeti, na akāle ajātavacchā. Kālepi vā visāṇādikaṃ gahetvā duhataṃ anupāyavantānaṃ, tathā idampi nissaraṇādinā savanadhāraṇādīni kurutaṃ upāyavantānameva <a name="M1.0093"></a> sīlādiatthe paggharāpeti, na alagaddūpamāya savanadhāraṇādīni kurutaṃ anupāyavantānanti. Yadipi <span class="bld">‘‘sūdatī’’</span>ti etassa gharati siñcatīti attho, tathāpi sakammikadhātuttā <span class="bld">paggharāpetī</span>ti kāritavasena attho vutto yathā ‘‘taratī’’ti etassa nipātetīti attho’’ti. <span class="bld">‘‘Suttāṇā’’</span>ti etassa atthamāha <span class="bld">‘‘suṭṭhu ca ne tāyatī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Ne</span>ti atthe.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Suttasabhāga</span>nti <a name="V1.0083"></a> suttasadisaṃ. Tabbhāvaṃ dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘yathā hī’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Tacchakānaṃ sutta</span>nti vaḍḍhakīnaṃ kāḷasuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Pamāṇaṃ hoti</span> tadanusārena tacchanato. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā kāḷasuttaṃ pasāretvā saññāṇe kate gahetabbaṃ, vissajjetabbañca paññāyati, tasmā taṃ tacchakānaṃ pamāṇaṃ hoti, evaṃ vivādesu uppannesu sutte ānītamatte ‘‘idaṃ gahetabbaṃ, idaṃ vissajjetabba’’nti pākaṭattā vivādo vūpasammati, tasmā etaṃ viññūnaṃ pamāṇanti. Idāni aññathāpi suttasabhāgataṃ vibhāvento <span class="bld">‘‘yathā cā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Suttenā</span>ti pupphāvutena yena kenaci thirasuttena. <span class="bld">Saṅgahitānī</span>ti suṭṭhu, samaṃ vā gahitāni, āvutānīti attho. <span class="bld">Na vikiriyantī</span>ti ito cito ca vippakiṇṇābhāvamāha, <span class="bld">na viddhaṃsīyantī</span>ti chejjabhejjābhāvaṃ. Ayametthādhippāyo – yathā thirasuttena saṅgahitāni pupphāni vātena na vikiriyanti na viddhaṃsīyanti, evaṃ suttena saṅgahitā atthā micchāvādena na vikiriyanti na viddhaṃsīyantīti. Veneyyajjhāsayavasappavattāya ca desanāya attatthaparatthādīnaṃ sātisayappakāsanato āṇādhammasabhāvehi vinayābhidhammehi visesetvā imasseva suttasabhāgatā vuttā. <span class="bld">‘‘Tenā’’</span>tiādīsu vuttanayānusārena sambandho ceva attho ca yathārahaṃ vattabbo. Ettha ca ‘‘suttantapiṭaka’’nti heṭṭhā vuttepi antasaddassa avacanaṃ tassa visuṃ atthābhāvadassanatthaṃ tabbhāvavuttito. Sahayogassa hi saddassa avacanena sesatā tassa tulyādhikaraṇataṃ, anatthakataṃ vā ñāpeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ya</span>nti esa nipāto kāraṇe, yenāti attho. Ettha abhidhamme vuḍḍhimanto dhammā yena vuttā, tena abhidhammo nāma akkhātoti paccekaṃ yojetabbaṃ. Abhi-saddassa atthavasenāyaṃ pabhedoti tassa tadatthappavattatādassanena tamatthaṃ sādhento <span class="bld">‘‘ayañhī’’</span>tiādimāha. Abhi-saddo <a name="M1.0094"></a> kamanakiriyāya vuḍḍhibhāvasaṅkhātamatirekatthaṃ dīpetīti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘abhikkamantītiādīsu vuḍḍhiyaṃ āgato’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Abhiññātā</span>ti aḍḍhacandādinā kenaci saññāṇena ñātā, paññātā pākaṭāti vuttaṃ hoti. Aḍḍhacandādibhāvo hi rattiyā upalakkhaṇavasena paññāṇaṃ hoti ‘‘yasmā aḍḍho, tasmā aṭṭhamī. Yasmā ūno, tasmā cātuddasī. Yasmā puṇṇo, tasmā pannarasī’’ti. <span class="bld">Abhilakkhitā</span>ti etthāpi ayamevattho veditabbo, idaṃ pana mūlapaṇṇāsake <span class="bld">bhayabheravasutte</span> (ma. ni. 1.34) abhilakkhitasaddapariyāyo abhiññātasaddoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘abhiññātā abhilakkhitātiādīsu lakkhaṇe’’</span>ti. Yajjevaṃ lakkhitasaddasseva lakkhaṇatthadīpanato abhi-saddo anatthakova siyāti? Nevaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ tassāpi tadatthajotanato. Vācakasaddasannidhāne hi upasagganipātā tadatthajotakamattāti lakkhitasaddena vācakabhāvena pakāsitassa lakkhaṇatthasseva jotakabhāvena pakāsanato abhi-saddopi lakkhaṇe pavattatīti vuttoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Rājābhirājā</span>ti parehi <a name="V1.0084"></a> rājūhi pūjitumaraho rājā. <span class="bld">Pūjite</span>ti pūjārahe. Idaṃ pana suttanipāte selasutte (su. ni. 553 ādayo).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Abhidhamme</span>ti ‘‘supinantena sukkavisaṭṭhiyā anāpattibhāvepi akusalacetanā upalabbhatī’’tiādinā (sārattha. ṭī. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) vinayapaññattiyā saṅkaravirahite dhamme. Pubbāparavirodhābhāvena yathāvuttadhammānameva aññamaññasaṅkaravirahato aññamaññasaṅkaravirahite dhammetipi vadanti. ‘‘Pāṇātipāto akusala’’nti (ma. ni. 2.192) evamādīsu vā maraṇādhippāyassa jīvitindriyupacchedakapayogasamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā akusalo, na pāṇasaṅkhātajīvitindriyassa upacchedasaṅkhāto atipāto. Tathā ‘‘adinnassa parasantakassa ādānasaṅkhātā viññatti abyākato dhammo, taṃviññattisamuṭṭhāpikā theyyacetanā akusalo dhammo’’ti evamādināpi aññamaññasaṅkaravirahite dhammeti attho veditabbo. <span class="bld">Abhivinaye</span>ti ettha pana ‘‘jātarūparajataṃ na paṭiggahetabba’’nti vadanto vinaye vineti nāma. Ettha ca ‘‘evaṃ paṭiggaṇhato pācittiyaṃ, evaṃ pana dukkaṭa’’nti vadanto abhivinaye vineti nāmāti vadanti. Tasmā jātarūparajataṃ parasantakaṃ theyyacittena gaṇhantassa yathāvatthuṃ <a name="M1.0095"></a> pārājikathullaccayadukkaṭesu aññataraṃ, bhaṇḍāgārikasīsena gaṇhantassa pācittiyaṃ, attano atthāya gaṇhantassa nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ, kevalaṃ lolatāya gaṇhantassa anāmāsadukkaṭaṃ, rūpiyachaḍḍakasammatassa anāpattīti evaṃ aññamaññasaṅkaravirahite vinayepi paṭibalo vinetunti attho daṭṭhabbo. Evaṃ pana paricchinnataṃ sarūpato saṅkhepeneva dassento <span class="bld">‘‘aññamañña…pe… hotī’’</span>ti āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Abhikkantenā</span>ti ettha kantiyā adhikattaṃ abhi-saddo dīpetīti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘adhike’’</span>ti. Nanu ca ‘‘abhikkamantī’’ti ettha abhi-saddo kamanakiriyāya vuḍḍhibhāvaṃ atirekattaṃ dīpeti, ‘‘abhiññātā abhilakkhitā’’ti ettha ñāṇalakkhaṇakiriyānaṃ supākaṭataṃ visesaṃ, ‘‘abhikkantenā’’ti ettha kantiyā adhikattaṃ visiṭṭhabhāvaṃ dīpetīti idaṃ tāva yuttaṃ kiriyāvisesakattā upasaggassa. ‘‘Pādayo kiriyāyoge upasaggā’’ti hi <span class="bld">saddasatthe</span> vuttaṃ. ‘‘Abhirājā, abhivinaye’’ti pana pūjitaparicchinnesu rājavinayesu abhi-saddo vattatīti kathametaṃ yujjeyya. Na hi asatvavācī saddo satvavācako sambhavatīti? Natthi atra doso pūjanaparicchedanakiriyānampi dīpanato, tāhi ca kiriyāhi yuttesu rājavinayesupi pavattattā. Abhipūjito rājāti hi atthena kiriyākārakasambandhaṃ nimittaṃ katvā kammasādhanabhūtaṃ rājadabbaṃ abhi-saddo padhānato vadati, pūjanakiriyaṃ pana appadhānato. Tathā abhiparicchinno vinayoti <a name="V1.0085"></a> atthena kiriyākārakasambandhaṃ nimittaṃ katvā kammasādhanabhūtaṃ vinayadabbaṃ abhi-saddo padhānato vadati, paricchindanakiriyaṃ pana appadhānato. Tasmā atimālādīsu ati-saddo viya abhi-saddo ettha saha sādhanena kiriyaṃ vadatīti abhirājaabhivinayasaddā sopasaggāva siddhā. Evaṃ abhidhammasaddepi abhisaddo saha sādhanena vuḍḍhiyādikiriyaṃ vadatīti ayamattho dassitoti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Hotu abhi-saddo yathāvuttesu atthesu, tappayogena pana dhammasaddena dīpitā vuḍḍhimantādayo dhammā ettha vuttā na bhaveyyuṃ, kathaṃ ayamattho yujjeyyāti anuyoge sati taṃ pariharanto <span class="bld">‘‘ettha cā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">etthā</span>ti etasmiṃ abhidhamme. Upanyāse <span class="bld">ca</span>-saddo. <span class="bld">Bhāvetī</span>ti cittassa vaḍḍhanaṃ vuttaṃ, <span class="bld">pharitvā</span>ti ārammaṇassa vaḍḍhanaṃ, tasmā tāhi bhāvanāpharaṇavuḍḍhīhi vuḍḍhimantopi dhammā vuttāti attho<a name="M1.0096"></a>. <span class="bld">Ārammaṇādīhī</span>ti ārammaṇasampayuttakammadvārapaṭipadādīhi. Ekantato lokuttaradhammānaññeva pūjārahattā <span class="bld">‘‘sekkhā dhammā’’</span>tiādinā teyeva pūjitāti dassitā. <span class="bld">‘‘Pūjārahā’’</span>ti etena kattādisādhanaṃ, atītādikālaṃ, sakkuṇeyyatthaṃ vā nivatteti. Pūjitabbāyeva hi dhammā kālavisesaniyamarahitā pūjārahā ettha vuttāti adhippāyo dassito. <span class="bld">Sabhāvaparicchinnattā</span>ti phusanādisabhāvena paricchinnattā. Kāmāvacarehi mahantabhāvato mahaggatā dhammā adhikā, tatopi uttaravirahato anuttarā dhammāti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘mahaggatā’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Tenā</span>ti ‘‘vuḍḍhimanto’’tiādinā vacanena karaṇabhūtena, hetubhūtena vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yaṃ panetthā</span>ti etesu vinayādīsu tīsu aññamaññavisiṭṭhesu yaṃ <span class="bld">avisiṭṭhaṃ</span> samānaṃ, <span class="bld">taṃ</span> piṭakanti attho. Vinayādayo hi tayo saddā aññamaññāsādhāraṇattā visiṭṭhā nāma, piṭakasaddo pana tehi tīhipi sādhāraṇattā ‘‘avisiṭṭho’’ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Pariyattibbhājanatthato</span>ti pariyāpuṇitabbatthapatiṭṭhānatthehi karaṇabhūtehi, visesanabhūtehi vā. Apica <span class="bld">pariyattibbhājanatthato</span> pariyattibhājanatthanti āhūti attho daṭṭhabbo. Paccattatthe hi to-saddo iti-saddena niddisitabbattā. Itinā niddisitabbehito – saddamicchanti neruttikā yathā ‘‘aniccato dukkhato anattato vipassantī’’ti (paṭṭhā. 1.1.406, 408, 411) etena pariyāpuṇitabbato, taṃtadatthānaṃ bhājanato ca <span class="bld">piṭakaṃ</span> nāmāti dasseti. Anipphannapāṭipadikapadañhetaṃ. Saddavidū pana ‘‘piṭa saddasaṅghāṭesū’’ti vatvā idha vuttameva payogamudāharanti, tasmā tesaṃ matena piṭīyati saddīyati pariyāpuṇīyatīti <span class="bld">piṭakaṃ,</span> piṭīyati vā saṅghāṭīyati taṃtadattho etthāti <span class="bld">piṭaka</span>nti nibbacanaṃ kātabbaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Tenā’’</span>tiādinā samāsaṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mā</span> <a name="V1.0086"></a> <span class="bld">piṭakasampadānenā</span>ti kālāmasutte, (a. ni. 3.66) sāḷhasutte (a. ni. 3.67) ca āgataṃ pāḷimāha. Tadaṭṭhakathāyañca ‘‘amhākaṃ piṭakatantiyā saddhiṃ sametīti mā gaṇhitthā’’ti (a. ni. aṭṭha. 2.3.66) attho vutto. <span class="bld">Ācariyasāriputtattherena</span> pana ‘‘pāḷisampadānavasena mā gaṇhathā’’ti (sārattha. ṭī. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Kudālapiṭakamādāyā</span>ti kudālañca <a name="M1.0097"></a> piṭakañca ādāya. <span class="bld">Ku</span> vuccati pathavī, tassā dālanato vidālanato ayomayaupakaraṇaviseso <span class="bld">kudālaṃ</span> nāma. Tesaṃ tesaṃ vatthūnaṃ bhājanabhāvato tālapaṇṇavettalatādīhi kato bhājanaviseso <span class="bld">piṭakaṃ</span> nāma. Idaṃ pana mūlapaṇṇāsake <span class="bld">kakacūpamasutte</span> (ma. ni. 1.227).</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Tena…pe… ñeyyā’’ti gāthāpadaṃ ulliṅgetvā <span class="bld">‘‘tenā’’</span>tiādinā vivarati. Sabbādīhi sabbanāmehi vuttassa vā liṅgamādiyate, vuccamānassa vā, idha pana vatticchāya vuttassevāti katvā <span class="bld">‘‘vinayo ca so piṭakañcā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Yathāvutteneva nayenā’’</span>ti iminā ‘‘evaṃ duvidhatthena…pe… katvā’’ti ca ‘‘pariyattibhāvato, tassa tassa atthassa bhājanato cā’’ti ca vuttaṃ sabbamatidisati. <span class="bld">Tayopī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">api</span>saddo, <span class="bld">pi</span>-saddo vā avayavasampiṇḍanattho. ‘‘Apī’’ti avatvā ‘‘pī’’ti vadanto hi api-saddo viya pi-saddopi visuṃ nipāto atthīti dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathetabbānaṃ atthānaṃ desakāyattena āṇādividhinā atisajjanaṃ pabodhanaṃ <span class="bld">desanā.</span> Sāsitabbapuggalagatena yathāparādhādisāsitabbabhāvena anusāsanaṃ vinayanaṃ <span class="bld">sāsanaṃ.</span> Kathetabbassa saṃvarāsaṃvarādino atthassa kathanaṃ vacanapaṭibaddhatākaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">kathā,</span> idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – desitāraṃ bhagavantamapekkhitvā <span class="bld">desanā,</span> sāsitabbapuggalavasena <span class="bld">sāsanaṃ,</span> kathetabbassa atthassa vasena <span class="bld">kathā</span>ti evamimesaṃ nānākaraṇaṃ veditabbanti. Ettha ca kiñcāpi desanādayo desetabbādinirapekkhā na honti, āṇādayo pana visesato desakādiadhīnāti taṃ taṃ visesayogavasena desanādīnaṃ bhedo vutto. Yathā hi āṇāvidhānaṃ visesato āṇārahādhīnaṃ tattha kosallayogato, evaṃ vohāraparamatthavidhānāni ca vidhāyakādhīnānīti āṇādividhino desakāyattatā vuttā. Aparādhajjhāsayānurūpaṃ viya ca dhammānurūpampi sāsanaṃ visesato, tathā vinetabbapuggalāpekkhanti sāsitabbapuggalavasena sāsanaṃ vuttaṃ. Saṃvarāsaṃvaranāmarūpānaṃ viya ca vinibbeṭhetabbāya diṭṭhiyā kathanaṃ sati vācāvatthusmiṃ, nāsatīti visesato tadadhīnaṃ, tasmā kathetabbassa atthassa vasena kathā vuttā. Honti cettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Desakassa <a name="V1.0087"></a><a name="M1.0098"></a> vasenettha, desanā piṭakattayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sāsitabbavasenetaṃ, sāsananti pavuccati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kathetabbassa atthassa, vasenāpi kathāti ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Desanāsāsanakathā-bhedampevaṃ pakāsaye’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Padattayampetaṃ samodhānetvā tāsaṃ bhedoti katvā bhedasaddo visuṃ visuṃ yojetabbo dvandapadato paraṃ suyyamānattā ‘‘desanābhedaṃ, sāsanabhedaṃ, kathābhedañca yathārahaṃ paridīpaye’’ti. <span class="bld">Bheda</span>nti ca nānattaṃ, visesaṃ vā. <span class="bld">Tesu</span> piṭakesu. Sikkhā ca pahānañca gambhīrabhāvo ca, tañca <span class="bld">yathārahaṃ paridīpaye.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Dutiyagāthāya <span class="bld">pariyattibhedaṃ</span> pariyāpuṇanassa pakāraṃ, visesañca vibhāvaye. <span class="bld">Yahiṃ</span> vinayādike piṭake. Yaṃ sampattiṃ, vipattiñca yathā bhikkhu pāpuṇāti, tathā tampi sabbaṃ tahiṃ vibhāvayeti sambandho. Atha vā yaṃ pariyattibhedaṃ sampattiṃ, vipattiñca yahiṃ yathā bhikkhu pāpuṇāti, tathā tampi sabbaṃ tahiṃ vibhāvayeti yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Yathā</span>ti ca yehi upārambhādihetupariyāpuṇanādippakārehi, upārambhanissaraṇadhammakosarakkhaṇahetupariyāpuṇanaṃ suppaṭipattiduppaṭipattīti etehi pakārehīti vuttaṃ hoti. Santesupi ca aññesu tathā pāpuṇantesu jeṭṭhaseṭṭhāsannasadāsannihitabhāvato, yathānusiṭṭhaṃ sammāpaṭipajjanena dhammādhiṭṭhānabhāvato ca <span class="bld">bhikkhū</span>ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tatrā</span>ti tāsu gāthāsu. <span class="bld">Aya</span>nti adhunā vakkhamānā kathā. <span class="bld">Paridīpanā</span>ti samantato pakāsanā, kiñcimattampi asesetvā vibhajanāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Vibhāvanā</span>ti evaṃ paridīpanāyapi sati gūḷhaṃ paṭicchannamakatvā sotūnaṃ suviññeyyabhāvena āvibhāvanā. Saṅkhepena paridīpanā, vitthārena vibhāvanātipi vadanti. Apica etaṃ padadvayaṃ heṭṭhā vuttānurūpato kathitaṃ, atthato pana ekameva. Tasmā paridīpanā paṭhamagāthāya, vibhāvanā dutiyagāthāyāti yojetabbaṃ. Ca-saddena ubhayatthaṃ aññamaññaṃ samucceti. Kasmā, vuccantīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ettha hī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Hī</span>ti kāraṇe nipāto ‘‘akkharavipattiyaṃ hī’’tiādīsu viya. Yasmā, kasmāti vā attho. Āṇaṃ paṇetuṃ [ṭhapetuṃ (sārattha. ṭī. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā)] arahatīti <span class="bld">āṇāraho,</span> sammāsambuddhattā, mahākāruṇikatāya <a name="M1.0099"></a> ca aviparītahitopadesakabhāvena pamāṇavacanattā āṇārahena bhagavatāti attho. Vohāraparamatthadhammānampi tattha sabbhāvato <span class="bld">‘‘āṇābāhullato’’</span>ti <a name="V1.0088"></a> vuttaṃ, tena yebhuyyanayaṃ dasseti. Ito paresupi eseva nayo. Visesena sattānaṃ manaṃ avaharatīti <span class="bld">vohāro,</span> paññatti, tasmiṃ kusalo, tena.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pacuro bahulo aparādho doso vītikkamo yesaṃ te <span class="bld">pacurāparādhā,</span> seyyasakattherādayo. <span class="bld">Yathāparādha</span>nti dosānurūpaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Anekajjhāsayā’’</span>tiādīsu āsayova <span class="bld">ajjhāsayo,</span> so atthato diṭṭhi, ñāṇañca, pabhedato pana catubbidho hoti. Vuttañca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sassatucchedadiṭṭhī ca, khanti cevānulomikā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yathābhūtañca yaṃ ñāṇaṃ, etaṃ āsayasaddita’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha sabbadiṭṭhīnaṃ sassatucchedadiṭṭhīhi saṅgahitattā sabbepi diṭṭhigatikā sattā imā eva dve diṭṭhiyo sannissitā. Yathāha ‘‘dvayanissito kho panāyaṃ kaccāna loko yebhuyyena atthitañca natthitañcā’’ti, (saṃ. ni. 2.15) <span class="bld">atthitā</span>ti hi sassataggāho adhippeto, <span class="bld">natthitā</span>ti ucchedaggāho. Ayaṃ tāva vaṭṭanissitānaṃ puthujjanānaṃ āsayo. Vivaṭṭanissitānaṃ pana suddhasattānaṃ anulomikā khanti, yathābhūtañāṇanti duvidho āsayo. Tattha ca <span class="bld">anulomikā khanti</span> vipassanāñāṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Yathābhūtañāṇaṃ</span> pana kammasakatāñāṇaṃ. Catubbidho peso āsayanti sattā ettha nivasanti, cittaṃ vā āgamma seti etthāti <span class="bld">āsayo</span> migāsayo viya. Yathā migo gocarāya gantvāpi paccāgantvā tattheva vanagahane sayatīti taṃ tassa ‘‘āsayo’’ti vuccati, tathā cittaṃ aññathāpi pavattitvā yattha paccāgamma seti, tassa so ‘‘āsayo’’ti. Kāmarāgādayo satta <span class="bld">anusayā.</span> Mūsikavisaṃ viya kāraṇalābhe uppajjamānārahā anāgatā, atītā, paccuppannā ca taṃsabhāvattā tathā vuccanti. Na hi dhammānaṃ kālabhedena sabhāvabhedoti. <span class="bld">Cariyā</span>ti rāgacariyādikā cha mūlacariyā, antarabhedena anekavidhā, saṃsaggavasena pana tesaṭṭhi honti. Atha vā <span class="bld">cariyā</span>ti sucaritaduccaritavasena duvidhaṃ caritaṃ. Tañhi vibhaṅge caritaniddese niddiṭṭhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Adhimutti</span> <a name="M1.0100"></a> nāma ‘ajjeva pabbajissāmi, ajjeva arahattaṃ gaṇhissāmī’tiādinā tanninnabhāvena pavattamānaṃ sanniṭṭhāna’’nti (sārattha. ṭī. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> pana ‘‘adhimutti nāma sattānaṃ pubbacariyavasena abhiruci, sā duvidhā hīnapaṇītabhedenā’ti (dī. ni. ṭī. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) vuttaṃ. Tathā hi yāya hīnādhimuttikā sattā hīnādhimuttikeyeva satte sevanti, paṇītādhimuttikā paṇītādhimuttikeyeva<a name="V1.0089"></a>. Sace hi ācariyupajjhāyā sīlavanto na honti, saddhivihārikā sīlavanto, te attano ācariyupajjhāyepi na upasaṅkamanti, attanā sadise sāruppabhikkhūyeva upasaṅkamanti. Sace ācariyupajjhāyā sāruppabhikkhū, itare asāruppā, tepi na ācariyupajjhāye upasaṅkamanti, attanā sadise asāruppabhikkhūyeva upasaṅkamanti. Dhātusaṃyuttavasena (saṃ. ni. 2.85 ādayo) cesa attho dīpetabbo. Evamayaṃ hīnādhimuttikādīnaṃ aññamañño pasevanādiniyamitā abhiruci ajjhāsayadhātu ‘‘adhimuttī’’ti veditabbā. Anekā ajjhāsayādayo te yesaṃ atthi, anekā vā ajjhāsayādayo yesanti tathā yathā ‘‘bahukattuko, bahunadiko’’ti. <span class="bld">Yathānuloma</span>nti ajjhāsayādīnaṃ anulomaṃ anatikkamma, ye ye vā ajjhāsayādayo anulomā, tehi tehīti attho. Āsayādīnaṃ anulomassa vā anurūpantipi vadanti. Ghanavinibbhogābhāvato diṭṭhimānataṇhāvasena ‘‘ahaṃ mama santaka’’nti evaṃ pavatta<span class="bld">saññino. Yathādhamma</span>nti ‘‘natthettha attā, attaniyaṃ vā, kevalaṃ dhammamattameveta’’nti evamādinā dhammasabhāvānurūpanti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Saṃvaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">saṃvaro,</span> kāyavācāhi avītikkamo. Mahanto saṃvaro <span class="bld">asaṃvaro.</span> Vuḍḍhiattho hi ayaṃ a-kāro yathā ‘‘asekkhā dhammā’’ti (dha. sa. tikamātikā 21) taṃyogatāya ca khuddako saṃvaro pārisesādinayena saṃvaro, tasmā khuddako, mahanto ca saṃvaroti attho. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘saṃvarā saṃvaro’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Diṭṭhiviniveṭhanā</span>ti diṭṭhiyā vimocanaṃ, atthato pana tassa ujuvipaccanikā sammādiṭṭhiādayo dhammā. Tathā cāha <span class="bld">‘‘dvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhipaṭipakkhabhūtā’’</span>ti. Nāmassa, rūpassa, nāmarūpassa ca paricchindanaṃ <span class="bld">nāmarūpaparicchedo,</span> so pana ‘‘rāgādipaṭipakkhabhūto’’ti vacanato tathāpavattameva ñāṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Tīsupī’’</span>tiādinā <a name="M1.0101"></a> aparaḍḍhaṃ vivarati. Tīsupi tāsaṃ vacanasambhavato <span class="bld">‘‘visesenā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Tadetaṃ sabbattha yojetabbaṃ. Tatra ‘‘yāyaṃ adhisīlasikkhā, ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā sikkhā’’ti vacanato āha <span class="bld">‘‘vinayapiṭake adhisīlasikkhā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Suttantapāḷiyaṃ</span> ‘‘vivicceva kāmehī’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.226; saṃ. ni. 1.152; a. ni. 4.123) samādhidesanābāhullato <span class="bld">‘‘suttanta piṭake adhicittasikkhā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Nāmarūpaparicchedassa adhipaññāpadaṭṭhānato, adhipaññāya ca atthāya tadavasesanāmarūpadhammakathanato āha <span class="bld">‘‘abhidhammapiṭake adhipaññāsikkhā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kilesāna</span>nti saṃklesadhammānaṃ, kammakilesānaṃ vā, ubhayāpekkhañcetaṃ ‘‘yo kāyavacīdvārehi <a name="V1.0090"></a> kilesānaṃ vītikkamo, tassa pahānaṃ, tassa paṭipakkhattā’’ti ca. ‘‘Vītikkamo’’ti ayaṃ ‘‘paṭipakkha’’nti bhāvayoge sambandho, ‘‘sīlassā’’ti pana bhāvapaccaye. Evaṃ sabbattha. Anusayavasena santāne anuvattantā kilesā kāraṇalābhe pariyuṭṭhitāpi sīlabhedabhayavasena vītikkamituṃ na labhantīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘vītikkamapaṭipakkhattā sīlassā’’</span>ti. Okāsādānavasena kilesānaṃ citte kusalappavattiṃ pariyādiyitvā uṭṭhānaṃ <span class="bld">pariyuṭṭhānaṃ,</span> tassa pahānaṃ, cittasantāne uppattivasena kilesānaṃ pariyuṭṭhānassa pahānanti vuttaṃ hoti. ‘‘Kilesāna’’nti hi adhikāro, taṃ pana pariyuṭṭhānappahānaṃ cittasamādahanavasena bhavatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘pariyuṭṭhānapaṭipakkhattā samādhissā’’</span>ti. Appahīnabhāvena santāne anu anu sayanakā anurūpakāraṇalābhe uppajjanārahā thāmagatā kāmarāgādayo satta kilesā <span class="bld">anusayā,</span> tesaṃ pahānaṃ, te pana sabbaso ariyamaggapaññāya pahīyantīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘anusayapaṭipakkhattā paññāyā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dīpālokena viya tamassa dānādipuññakiriyavatthugatena tena tena kusalaṅgena tassa tassa akusalassa pahānaṃ <span class="bld">tadaṅgappahānaṃ.</span> Idha pana adhisīlasikkhāya vuttaṭṭhānattā tena tena susīlyaṅgena tassa tassa dussīlyaṅgassa pahānaṃ ‘‘tadaṅgappahāna’’nti gahetabbaṃ. Upacārappanābhedena samādhinā pavattinivāraṇena ghaṭappahārena viya jalatale sevālassa tesaṃ tesaṃ nīvaraṇādidhammānaṃ vikkhambhanavasena pahānaṃ <span class="bld">vikkhambhanappahānaṃ.</span> Catunnaṃ ariyamaggānaṃ bhāvitattā taṃ taṃ maggavato santāne samudayapakkhikassa <a name="M1.0102"></a> kilesagaṇassa accantamappavattisaṅkhāta samucchindanavasena pahānaṃ <span class="bld">samucchedappahānaṃ. </span> Duṭṭhu caritaṃ, saṃkilesehi vā dūsitaṃ caritaṃ <span class="bld">duccaritaṃ.</span> Tadeva yattha uppannaṃ, taṃ santānaṃ sammā kilisati vibādhati, upatāpeti cāti <span class="bld">saṃkileso,</span> tassa pahānaṃ. Kāyavacīduccaritavasena pavattasaṃkilesassa tadaṅgavasena pahānaṃ vuttaṃ sīlassa duccaritapaṭipakkhattā. Sikkhattayānusārena hi attho veditabbo. Tasatīti <span class="bld">taṇhā,</span> sāva vuttanayena saṃkileso, tassa vikkhambhanavasena pahānaṃ vuttaṃ samādhissa kāmacchandapaṭipakkhattā. <span class="bld">Diṭṭhi</span>yeva yathāvuttanayena <span class="bld">saṃkileso,</span> tassa samucchedavasena pahānaṃ vuttaṃ paññāya attādivinimuttasabhāva dhammappakāsanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ekamekasmiñcetthā</span>ti etesu tīsu piṭakesu ekamekasmiṃ piṭake, <span class="bld">ca</span>-saddo vākyārambhe, pakkhantare vā. <span class="bld">Pi</span>-saddo, <span class="bld">api</span>-saddo vā avayavasampiṇḍane, tena na kevalaṃ catubbidhasseva gambhīrabhāvo, atha kho paccekaṃ tadavayavānampīti sampiṇḍanaṃ karoti. Esa nayo īdisesu. Idāni te sarūpato dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tatthā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">tantī</span>ti pāḷi. Sā hi ukkaṭṭhānaṃ sīlādiatthānaṃ <a name="V1.0091"></a> bodhanato, sabhāvaniruttibhāvato, buddhādīhi bhāsitattā ca pakaṭṭhānaṃ vacanānaṃ āḷi pantīti <span class="bld">‘‘pāḷī’’</span>ti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idha pana <span class="bld">vinayagaṇṭhipadakārādīnaṃ</span> saddavādīnaṃ matena pubbe vavatthāpitā paramatthasaddappabandhabhūtā tanti <span class="bld">dhammo</span> nāma. <span class="bld">Iti</span>-saddo hi nāmatthe, ‘‘dhammo’’ti vā vuccati. <span class="bld">Tassāyevā</span>ti tassā yathāvuttāya eva tantiyā attho. <span class="bld">Manasā vavatthāpitāyā</span>ti uggahaṇa-dhāraṇādivasappavattena manasā pubbe vavatthāpitāya yathāvuttāya paramatthasaddappabandhabhūtāya tassā tantiyā. <span class="bld">Desanā</span>ti pacchā paresamavabodhanatthaṃ desanāsaṅkhātā paramatthasaddappabandhabhūtā tantiyeva. Apica yathāvuttatanti saṅkhātasaddasamuṭṭhāpako cittuppādo <span class="bld">desanā. Tantiyā, tantiatthassa cā</span>ti yathāvuttāya duvidhāyapi tantiyā, tadatthassa ca yathābhūtāvabodhoti attho veditabbo. Te hi bhagavatā vuccamānassa atthassa, vohārassa ca dīpako saddoyeva <span class="bld">tanti</span> nāmāti vadanti. Tesaṃ pana vāde dhammassāpi saddasabhāvattā dhammadesanānaṃ ko visesoti ce? Tesaṃ tesaṃ atthānaṃ bodhakabhāvena ñāto, uggahaṇādivasena <a name="M1.0103"></a> ca pubbe vavatthāpito paramatthasaddappabandho <span class="bld">dhammo,</span> pacchā paresaṃ avabodhanatthaṃ pavattito taṃ tadatthappakāsako saddo <span class="bld">desanā</span>ti ayamimesaṃ visesoti. Atha vā yathāvuttasaddasamuṭṭhāpako cittuppādo <span class="bld">desanā</span> desīyati samuṭṭhāpīyati saddo etenāti katvā musāvādādayo viya tatthāpi hi musāvādādisamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā musāvādādisaddehi voharīyatīti. Kiñcāpi akkharāvalibhūto paññattisaddoyeva atthassa ñāpako, tathāpi mūlakāraṇabhāvato ‘‘akkharasaññāto’’tiādīsu viya tassāyeva atthoti paramatthasaddoyeva atthassa ñāpakabhāvena vuttoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. ‘‘Tassā tantiyā desanā’’ti ca sadisavohārena vuttaṃ yathā ‘‘uppannā ca kusalādhammā bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya saṃvattantī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Abhidhammagaṇṭhipadakārādīnaṃ</span> pana paṇṇattivādīnaṃ matena sammutiparamatthabhedassa atthassa anurūpavācakabhāvena paramatthasaddesu ekantena bhagavatā manasā vavatthāpitā nāmapaññattipabandhabhūtā tanti <span class="bld">dhammo</span> nāma, ‘‘dhammo’’ti vā vuccati. <span class="bld">Tassāyevā</span>ti tassā nāmapaññattibhūtāya tantiyā eva attho. <span class="bld">Manasā vavatthāpitāyā</span>ti sammutiparamatthabhedassa atthassānurūpavācakabhāvena paramatthasaddesu bhagavatā manasā vavatthāpitāya nāmapaṇṇattipabandhabhūtāya tassā tantiyā. <span class="bld">Desanā</span>ti paresaṃ pabodhanena atisajjanā vācāya pakāsanā vacībhedabhūtā paramatthasaddappabandhasaṅkhātā tanti. <span class="bld">Tantiyā, tantiatthassa cā</span>ti yathāvuttāya dubbidhāyapi tantiyā, tadatthassa ca yathābhūtāvabodhoti attho. Te hi evaṃ vadanti – sabhāvatthassa, sabhāvavohārassa ca anurūpavaseneva bhagavatā manasā vavatthāpitā paṇṇatti <a name="V1.0092"></a> idha ‘‘tantī’’ti vuccati. Yadi ca saddavādīnaṃ matena saddoyeva idha tanti nāma siyā. Tantiyā, desanāya ca nānattena bhavitabbaṃ, manasā vavatthāpitāya ca tantiyā vacībhedakaraṇamattaṃ ṭhapetvā desanāya nānattaṃ natthi. Tathā hi desanaṃ dassentena manasā vavatthāpitāya tantiyā desanāti vacībhedakaraṇamattaṃ vinā tantiyā saha desanāya anaññatā vuttā. Tathā ca upari ‘‘desanāti paññattī’’ti vuttattā desanāya anaññabhāvena tantiyāpi paṇṇattibhāvo kathito hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica <a name="M1.0104"></a> yadi tantiyā aññāyeva desanā siyā, ‘‘tantiyā ca tantiatthassa ca desanāya ca yathābhūtāvabodho’’ti vattabbaṃ siyā. Evaṃ pana avatvā ‘‘tantiyā ca tantiatthassa ca yathābhūtāvabodho’’ti vuttattā tantiyā, desanāya ca anaññabhāvo dassito hoti. Evañca katvā upari ‘‘desanā nāma paññattī’’ti dassentena desanāya anaññabhāvato tantiyā paṇṇattibhāvo kathito hotīti. Tadubhayampi pana paramatthato saddoyeva paramatthavinimuttāya sammutiyā abhāvā, imameva ca nayaṃ gahetvā keci ācariyā ‘‘dhammo ca desanā ca paramatthato saddo evā’’ti voharanti, tepi anupavajjāyeva. Yathā kāmāvacarapaṭisandhivipākā ‘‘parittārammaṇā’’ti vuccanti, evaṃ sampadamidaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Na hi kāmāvacarapaṭisandhivipākā ‘‘nibbattitaparamatthavisayāyevā’’ti sakkā vattuṃ itthipurisādiākāraparivitakkapubbakānaṃ rāgādiakusalānaṃ, mettādikusalānañca ārammaṇaṃ gahetvāpi samuppajjanato. Paramatthadhammamūlakattā panassa parikappassa paramatthavisayatā sakkā paññapetuṃ, evamidhāpi daṭṭhabbanti ca. Evampi paṇṇattivādīnaṃ mataṃ hotu, saddavādīnaṃ matepi dhammadesanānaṃ nānattaṃ vuttanayeneva <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherā</span> dīhi pakāsitanti. Hoti cettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Saddo dhammo desanā ca, iccāhu apare garū;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dhammo paṇṇatti saddo tu, desanā vāti cāpare’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tīsupi cetesu ete dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhā</span>ti ettha tantiattho, tantidesanā, tantiatthapaṭivedho cāti ime tayo tantivisayā hontīti vinayapiṭakādīnaṃ atthadesanāpaṭivedhādhārabhāvo yutto, piṭakāni pana tantiyevāti tesaṃ dhammādhārabhāvo kathaṃ yujjeyyāti? Tantisamudāyassa avayavatantiyā ādhārabhāvato. Samudāyo hi avayavassa parikappanāmattasiddhena ādhārabhāvena vuccati yathā ‘‘rukkhe sākhā’’ti. Ettha ca dhammādīnaṃ dukkhogāhabhāvato tehi dhammādīhi vinayādayo gambhīrāti vinayādīnampi catubbidho gambhīrabhāvo <a name="V1.0093"></a> vuttoyeva, tasmā dhammādayo eva dukkhogāhattā gambhīrā, na vinayādayoti na codetabbametaṃ samukhena, visayavisayīmukhena ca vinayādīnaññeva gambhīrabhāvassa vuttattā. Dhammo hi vinayādayo eva abhinnattā. Tesaṃ visayo attho vācakabhūtānaṃ tesameva vāccabhāvato, visayino desanāpaṭivedhā <a name="M1.0105"></a> dhammatthavisayabhāvatoti. Tattha paṭivedhassa dukkarabhāvato dhammatthānaṃ, desanāñāṇassa dukkarabhāvato desanāya ca dukkhogāhabhāvo veditabbo, paṭivedhassa pana uppādetuṃ asakkuṇeyyattā, tabbisayañāṇuppattiyā ca dukkarabhāvato dukkhogāhatā veditabbā. Dhammatthadesanānaṃ gambhīrabhāvato tabbisayo paṭivedhopi gambhīro yathā taṃ gambhīrassa udakassa pamāṇaggahaṇe dīghena pamāṇena bhavitabbaṃ, evaṃsampadamidanti (vajira. ṭī. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) <span class="bld">vajirabuddhitthero.</span> Piṭakāvayavānaṃ dhammādīnaṃ vuccamāno gambhīrabhāvo taṃsamudāyassa piṭakassāpi vuttoyeva, tasmā tathā na codetabbantipi vadanti, vicāretabbametaṃ sabbesampi tesaṃ piṭakāvayavāsambhavato. Mahāsamuddo dukkhogāho, alabbhaneyyapatiṭṭho viya cāti sambandho. Atthavasā hi vibhattivacanaliṅgapariṇāmoti. Dukkhena ogayhanti, dukkho vā ogāho anto pavisanametesūti <span class="bld">dukkhogāhā.</span> Na labhitabboti alabbhanīyo, soyeva <span class="bld">alabbhaneyyo,</span> labhīyate vā labbhanaṃ, taṃ nārahatīti <span class="bld">alabbhaneyyo.</span> Patiṭṭhahanti ettha okāseti <span class="bld">patiṭṭho,</span> patiṭṭhahanaṃ vā <span class="bld">patiṭṭho,</span> alabbhaneyyo so yesu te <span class="bld">alabbhaneyyapatiṭṭhā.</span> Ekadesena ogāhantehipi mandabuddhīhi patiṭṭhā laddhuṃ na sakkāyevāti dassetuṃ etaṃ puna vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Eva’’</span>ntiādi nigamanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni hetuhetuphalādīnampi vasena gambhīrabhāvaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘aparo nayo’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">hetū</span>ti paccayo. So ca attano phalaṃ dahati vidahatīti <span class="bld">dhammo</span> da-kārassa dha-kāraṃ katvā. Dhammasaddassa cettha hetupariyāyatā kathaṃ viññāyatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘vuttañheta’’</span>ntiādi. <span class="bld">Vuttaṃ</span> paṭisambhidāvibhaṅge (vibha. 718). Nanu ca ‘‘hetumhi ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā’’ti etena vacanena dhammassa hetubhāvo kathaṃ viññāyatīti? ‘‘Dhammapaṭisambhidā’’ti etassa samāsapadassa avayavapadatthaṃ dassentena ‘‘hetumhi ñāṇa’’nti vuttattā. ‘‘Dhamme paṭisambhidā dhammapaṭisambhidā’’ti ettha hi ‘‘dhamme’’ti etassa atthaṃ dassentena ‘‘hetumhī’’ti vuttaṃ, ‘‘paṭisambhidā’’ti etassa atthaṃ dassentena <span class="bld">‘‘ñāṇa’’</span>nti. Tasmā hetudhammasaddā ekatthā, ñāṇapaṭisambhidā saddā cāti imamatthaṃ vadantena sādhito dhammassa hetubhāvoti. Tathā <span class="bld">‘‘hetuphale ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā’’</span>ti etena vacanena sādhito atthassa hetuphalabhāvoti <a name="M1.0106"></a> daṭṭhabbo. Hetuno phalaṃ <span class="bld">hetuphalaṃ,</span> tañca hetuanusārena arīyati adhigamīyatīti <span class="bld">attho</span>ti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Desanāti</span> <a name="V1.0094"></a> <span class="bld">paññattī</span>ti ettha saddavādīnaṃ vāde atthabyañjanakā aviparītābhilāpadhammaniruttibhūtā paramatthasaddappabandhasaṅkhātā tanti ‘‘desanā’’ti vuccati, desanā nāmāti vā attho. Desīyati attho etāyāti hi <span class="bld">desanā.</span> Pakārena ñāpīyati attho etāya, pakārato vā ñāpetīti <span class="bld">paññatti. </span> Tameva sarūpato dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yathādhammaṃ dhammābhilāpoti adhippāyo’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Yathādhamma</span>nti ettha pana dhammasaddo hetuṃ, hetuphalañca sabbaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Sabhāvavācako hesa dhammasaddo, na pariyattihetuādivācako, tasmā yo yo avijjāsaṅkhārādidhammo, tasmiṃ tasminti attho. Tesaṃ tesaṃ avijjāsaṅkhārādidhammānaṃ anurūpaṃ vā yathādhammaṃ. Desanāpi hi paṭivedho viya aviparītasavisayavibhāvanato dhammānurūpaṃ pavattati, tatoyeva ca aviparītābhilāpoti vuccati. <span class="bld">Dhammābhilāpo</span>ti hi atthabyañjanako aviparītābhilāpo dhammaniruttibhūto tantisaṅkhāto paramatthasaddappabandho. So hi abhilappati uccārīyatīti <span class="bld">abhilāpo,</span> dhammo aviparīto sabhāvabhūto abhilāpo dhammābhilāpoti vuccati, etena ‘‘tatra dhammaniruttābhilāpe ñāṇaṃ niruttipaṭisambhidā’’ti (vibha. 718) ettha vuttaṃ dhammaniruttiṃ dasseti saddasabhāvattā desanāya. Tathā hi niruttipaṭisambhidāya parittārammaṇādibhāvo <span class="bld">paṭisambhidāvibhaṅgapāḷiyaṃ</span> (vibha. 718) vutto. <span class="bld">Tadaṭṭhakathāya</span> ca ‘‘taṃ sabhāvaniruttiṃ saddaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā’’tiādinā (vibha. aṭṭha. 718) tassā saddārammaṇatā dassitā. ‘‘Imassa atthassa ayaṃ saddo vācako’’ti hi vacanavacanatthe vavatthapetvā taṃ taṃ vacanatthavibhāvanavasena pavattito saddo ‘‘desanā’’ti vuccati. <span class="bld">‘‘Adhippāyo’’</span>ti etena ‘‘desanāti paññattī’’ti etaṃ vacanaṃ dhammaniruttābhilāpaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, na tato vinimuttaṃ paññattiṃ sandhāyāti dasseti anekadhā atthasambhave attanā adhippetatthasseva vuttattāti ayaṃ saddavādīnaṃ vādato vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paññattivādīnaṃ vāde pana sammutiparamatthabhedassa atthassānurūpavācakabhāvena paramatthasaddesu bhagavatā manasā vavatthāpitā tantisaṅkhātā nāmapaññatti <span class="bld">desanā</span> nāma, ‘‘desanā’’ti vā vuccatīti attho. Tadeva mūlakāraṇabhūtassa <a name="M1.0107"></a> saddassa dassanavasena kāraṇūpacārena dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yathādhammaṃ dhammābhilāpoti adhippāyo’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Kiñcāpi hi ‘‘dhammābhilāpo’’ti ettha abhilappati uccārīyatīti <span class="bld">abhilāpo</span>ti saddo vuccati, na paṇṇatti, tathāpi sadde vuccamāne tadanurūpaṃ vohāraṃ gahetvā tena vohārena dīpitassa atthassa jānanato sadde kathite tadanurūpā paṇṇattipi kāraṇūpacārena kathitāyeva hoti. Apica ‘‘dhammābhilāpoti attho’’ti avatvā ‘‘dhammābhilāpoti adhippāyo’’ti vuttattā desanā nāma saddo na hotīti dīpitameva. Tena hi adhippāyamattameva mūlakāraṇasaddavasena kathitaṃ, na idha gahetabbo ‘‘desanā’’ti etassa atthoti <a name="V1.0095"></a> ayaṃ paññattivādīnaṃ vādato vinicchayo. Atthantaramāha <span class="bld">‘‘anuloma…pe… kathana’’</span>nti, etena heṭṭhā vuttaṃ desanāsamuṭṭhāpakaṃ cittuppādaṃ dasseti. Kathīyati attho etenāti hi <span class="bld">kathanaṃ.</span> Ādisaddena nītaneyyādikā pāḷigatiyo, ekattādinandiyāvattādikā pāḷinissitā ca nayā saṅgahitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sayameva paṭivijjhati, etena vā paṭivijjhantīti <span class="bld">paṭivedho,</span> ñāṇaṃ. Tadeva abhisameti, etena vā abhisamentīti <span class="bld">abhisamayo</span>tipi vuccati. Idāni taṃ paṭivedhaṃ abhisamayappabhedato, abhisamayākārato, ārammaṇato, sabhāvato ca pākaṭaṃ kātuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘so cā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha hi <span class="bld">lokiyalokuttaro</span>ti pabhedato, <span class="bld">visayato, asammohato</span>ti ākārato, <span class="bld">dhammesu, atthesu, paññattīsū</span>ti ārammaṇato, <span class="bld">atthānurūpaṃ, dhammānurūpaṃ, paññattipathānurūpa</span>nti sabhāvato ca pākaṭaṃ karoti. Tattha visayato atthādianurūpaṃ dhammādīsu avabodho nāma avijjādidhammārammaṇo, saṅkhārādiatthārammaṇo, tadubhayapaññāpanārammaṇo ca <span class="bld">lokiyo abhisamayo.</span> Asammohato atthādianurūpaṃ dhammādīsu avabodho nāma nibbānārammaṇo maggasampayutto yathāvuttadhammatthapaññattīsu sammohaviddhaṃsano <span class="bld">lokuttaro abhisamayo.</span> Tathā hi ‘‘ayaṃ hetu, idamassa phalaṃ, ayaṃ tadubhayānurūpo vohāro’’ti evaṃ ārammaṇakaraṇavasena lokiyañāṇaṃ visayato paṭivijjhati, lokuttarañāṇaṃ pana tesu hetuhetuphalādīsu sammohassañāṇena samucchinnattā asammohato paṭivijjhati. Lokuttaro pana paṭivedho <a name="M1.0108"></a> visayato nibbānassa, asammohato ca itarassātipi vadanti eke.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Atthānurūpaṃ dhammesū</span>ti ‘‘avijjā hetu, saṅkhārā hetusamuppannā, saṅkhāre uppādeti avijjā’’ti evaṃ kāriyānurūpaṃ kāraṇesūti attho. Atha vā ‘‘puññābhisaṅkhāraapuññābhisaṅkhāraāneñjābhisaṅkhāresu tīsu apuññābhisaṅkhārassa avijjā sampayuttapaccayo, itaresaṃ yathānurūpa’’ntiādinā kāriyānurūpaṃ kāraṇesu paṭivedhotipi attho. <span class="bld">Dhammānurūpaṃ atthesū</span>ti ‘‘avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 3.126; saṃ. ni. 2.1; udā. 1; vibha. 225) kāraṇānurūpaṃ kāriyesu. Chabbidhāya paññattiyā patho <span class="bld">paññattipatho,</span> tassa anurūpaṃ tathā, paññattiyā vuccamānadhammānurūpaṃ paññattīsu avabodhoti attho. Abhisamayato aññampi paṭivedhatthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tesa’’</span>ntiādimāha. Paṭivijjhīyatīti paṭivedhoti hi taṃtaṃrūpādidhammānaṃ aviparītasabhāvo vuccati. <span class="bld">Tattha tatthā</span>ti tasmiṃ tasmiṃ piṭake, pāḷipadese vā. <span class="bld">Salakkhaṇasaṅkhāto</span>ti ruppananamanaphusanādisakasakalakkhaṇasaṅkhāto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathāvuttehi <a name="V1.0096"></a> dhammādīhi piṭakānaṃ gambhīrabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘idānī’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Dhammajāta</span>nti kāraṇappabhedo, kāraṇameva vā. <span class="bld">Atthajāta</span>nti kāriyappabhedo, kāriyameva vā. Yā cāyaṃ desanāti sambandho. Tadatthavijānanavasena <span class="bld">abhimukho</span> hoti. <span class="bld">Yo cetthāti</span> yo etāsu taṃ taṃ piṭakāgatāsu dhammatthadesanāsu paṭivedho, yo ca etesu piṭakesu tesaṃ tesaṃ dhammānaṃ aviparītasabhāvoti attho. Sambharitabbato kusalameva <span class="bld">sambhāro,</span> so sammā anupacito yehi te <span class="bld">anupacitakusalasambhārā,</span> tatova <span class="bld">duppaññehi,</span> nippaññehīti attho. Na hi paññavato, paññāya vā duṭṭhubhāvo dūsitabhāvo ca sambhavatīti nippaññattāyeva duppaññā yathā ‘‘dussīlo’’ti (a. ni. 5.213; 10.75; pārā. 295; dha. pa. 308). Ettha ca avijjāsaṅkhārādīnaṃ dhammatthānaṃ duppaṭivijjhatāya dukkhogāhatā, tesaṃ paññāpanassa dukkarabhāvato taṃdesanāya, abhisamayasaṅkhātassa paṭivedhassa uppādanavisayīkaraṇānaṃ asakkuṇeyyattā, aviparītasabhāvasaṅkhātassa paṭivedhassa dubbiññeyyatāya dukkhogāhatā veditabbā. <span class="bld">Evampī</span>ti <span class="bld">pi</span>-saddo pubbe <a name="M1.0109"></a> vuttaṃ pakārantaraṃ sampiṇḍeti. Evaṃ paṭhamagāthāya anūnaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ paridīpitatthabhāvaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘ettāvatā’’</span>tiādimāha. ‘‘Siddhe hi satyārambho atthantaraviññāpanāya vā hoti, niyamāya vā’’ti iminā punārambhavacanena anūnaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ paridīpitatthabhāvaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Ettāvatā</span>ti paricchedatthe nipāto, ettakena vacanakkamenāti attho. Etaṃ vā parimāṇaṃ yassāti <span class="bld">ettāvaṃ,</span> tena, etaparimāṇavatā saddatthakkamenāti attho. ‘‘Sadde hi vutte tadatthopi vuttoyeva nāmā’’ti vadanti. Vutto saṃvaṇṇito attho yassāti <span class="bld">vuttatthā. </span></p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti etissā gāthāya. Evaṃ attho, vinicchayoti vā seso. <span class="bld">Tīsu piṭakesū</span>ti ettha ‘‘ekekasmi’’nti adhikārato, pakaraṇato vā veditabbaṃ. ‘‘Ekamekasmiñcetthā’’ti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā) hi heṭṭhā vuttaṃ. Atha vā vatticchānupubbikattā saddapaṭipattiyā niddhāraṇamidha avattukāmena ādhāroyeva vutto. Na cettha codetabbaṃ ‘‘tīsuyeva piṭakesu tividho pariyattibhedo daṭṭhabbo siyā’’ti samudāyavasena vuttassāpi vākyassa avayavādhippāyasambhavato. Dissati hi avayavavākyanipphatti ‘‘brāhmaṇādayo bhuñjantū’’tiādīsu, tasmā alamatipapañcena. Yathā attho na virujjhati, tathāyeva gahetabboti. Evaṃ sabbattha. <span class="bld">Pariyattibhedo</span>ti pariyāpuṇanaṃ <span class="bld">pariyatti.</span> Pariyāpuṇanavācako hettha pariyattisaddo, na pana pāḷipariyāyo, tasmā pariyāpuṇanappakāroti attho. Atha vā tīhi pakārehi pariyāpuṇitabbā pāḷiyo eva <span class="bld">‘‘pariyattī’’</span>ti vuccanti. Tathā ceva abhidhammaṭṭhakathāya sīhaḷagaṇṭhipade vuttanti vadanti. Evampi hi alagaddūpamāpariyāpuṇanayogato ‘‘alagaddūpamā pariyattī’’ti pāḷipi sakkā vattuṃ. Evañca katvā ‘‘duggahitā upārambhādihetu <a name="V1.0097"></a> pariyāpuṭā alagaddūpamā’’ti parato niddesavacanampi upapannaṃ hoti. Tattha hi pāḷiyeva ‘‘duggahitā, pariyāpuṭā’’ti ca vattuṃ yuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Alagaddo alagaddaggahaṇaṃ upamā etissāti <span class="bld">alagaddūpamā.</span> Alagaddassa gahaṇañhettha alagaddasaddena vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Āpūpikoti ettha āpūpa-saddena āpūpakhādanaṃ viya, veṇikoti ettha vīṇāsaddena vīṇāvādanaggahaṇaṃ viya ca. Alagaddaggahaṇena hi pariyatti upamīyati<a name="M1.0110"></a>, na alagaddena. ‘‘Alagaddaggahaṇūpamā’’ti vā vattabbe majjhepadalopaṃ katvā ‘‘alagaddūpamā’’ti vuttaṃ ‘‘oṭṭhamukho’’tiādīsu viya. Alagaddoti ca āsīviso vuccati. <span class="bld">Gado</span>ti hi visassa nāmaṃ, tañca tassa alaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ atthi, tasmā alaṃ pariyatto paripuṇṇo gado assāti <span class="bld">alagaddo</span> anunāsikalopaṃ, da-kārāgamañca katvā, alaṃ vā jīvitaharaṇe samattho gado yassāti <span class="bld">alagaddo</span> vuttanayena. Vaṭṭadukkhato nissaraṇaṃ attho payojanametissāti <span class="bld">nissaraṇatthā.</span> Bhaṇḍāgāre niyutto <span class="bld">bhaṇḍāgāriko,</span> rājaratanānupālako, so viyāti tathā, dhammaratanānupālako khīṇāsavo. Aññamatthamanapekkhitvā bhaṇḍāgārikasseva sato pariyatti <span class="bld">bhaṇḍāgārikapariyatti.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Duggahitā</span>ti duṭṭhu gahitā. Tadeva sarūpato niyametuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘upārambhādihetu pariyāpuṭā’’</span>ti āha, upārambhaitivādappamokkhādihetu uggahitāti attho. Lābhasakkārādihetu pariyāpuṇanampi ettheva saṅgahitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">alagaddasuttaṭṭhakathāyaṃ –</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Yo buddhavacanaṃ uggahetvā ‘evaṃ cīvarādīni vā labhissāmi, catuparisamajjhe vā maṃ jānissantī’ti lābhasakkārahetu pariyāpuṇāti, tassa sā pariyatti <span class="bld">alagaddapariyatti</span> nāma. Evaṃ pariyāpuṇanato hi buddhavacanaṃ apariyāpuṇitvā niddokkamanaṃ varatara’’nti (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.239).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca alagaddaggahaṇūpamā pariyatti ‘‘alagaddūpamā’’ti vuccati, evañca sati suggahitāpi pariyatti ‘‘alagaddūpamā’’ti vattuṃ vaṭṭati tatthāpi alagaddaggahaṇassa upamābhāvena pāḷiyaṃ vuttattā. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso alagaddatthiko alagaddagavesī alagaddapariyesanaṃ caramāno, so passeyya mahantaṃ alagaddaṃ, tamenaṃ ajapadena daṇḍena suniggahitaṃ niggaṇheyya<a name="V1.0098"></a>, ajapadena daṇḍena suniggahitaṃ niggahitvā gīvāya suggahitaṃ gaṇheyya. Kiñcāpi so bhikkhave, alagaddo tassa purisassa hatthaṃ vā bāhaṃ vā aññataraṃ vā aṅgapaccaṅgaṃ bhogehi paliveṭheyya<a name="M1.0111"></a>. Atha kho so neva tatonidānaṃ maraṇaṃ vā nigaccheyya maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu, suggahitattā bhikkhave, alagaddassa. Evameva kho bhikkhave, idhekacce kulaputtā dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti suttaṃ geyya’’ntiādi (ma. ni. 1.239).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmā idha duggahitā eva pariyatti alagaddūpamāti ayaṃ viseso kuto viññāyati, yena duggahitā upārambhādihetu pariyāpuṭā ‘‘alagaddūpamā’’ti vuccatīti? Saccametaṃ, idaṃ pana pārisesañāyena vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tathā hi nissaraṇatthabhaṇḍāgārikapariyattīnaṃ visuṃ gahitattā pārisesato alagaddassa duggahaṇūpamāyeva pariyatti ‘‘alagaddūpamā’’ti viññāyati. Alagaddassa suggahaṇūpamā hi pariyatti nissaraṇatthā vā hoti, bhaṇḍāgārikapariyatti vā. Tasmā suvuttametaṃ ‘‘duggahitā…pe… pariyattī’’ti. Idāni tamatthaṃ pāḷiyā sādhento ‘‘yaṃ <span class="bld">sandhāyā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">ya</span>nti yaṃ pariyattiduggahaṇaṃ. Majjhimanikāye mūlapaṇṇāsake alagaddasutte (ma. ni. 1.239) bhagavatā vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Alagaddatthiko</span>ti āsīvisena, āsīvisaṃ vā atthiko, alagaddaṃ gavesati pariyesati sīlenāti <span class="bld">alagaddagavesī. Alagaddapariyesanaṃ caramāno</span>ti āsīvisapariyesanatthaṃ caramāno. Tadatthe hetaṃ paccattavacanaṃ, upayogavacanaṃ vā, alagaddapariyesanaṭṭhānaṃ vā caramāno. Alagaddaṃ pariyesanti etthāti hi <span class="bld">alagaddapariyesanaṃ. Tamena</span>nti taṃ alagaddaṃ. <span class="bld">Bhoge</span>ti sarīre. ‘‘Bhogo tu phaṇino tanū’’ti hi vuttaṃ. Bhujīyati kuṭilaṃ karīyatīti <span class="bld">bhogo. Tassā</span>ti purisassa. Hatthe vā bāhāya vāti sambandho. Maṇibandhato paṭṭhāya yāva agganakhā <span class="bld">hattho.</span> Saddhiṃ aggabāhāya avasesā <span class="bld">bāhā,</span> katthaci pana kapparato paṭṭhāya yāva agganakhā <span class="bld">‘‘hattho’’</span>ti vuttaṃ bāhāya visuṃ anāgatattā. Vuttalakkhaṇaṃ hatthañca bāhañca ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ sarīraṃ <span class="bld">aṅgapaccaṅgaṃ. Tatonidāna</span>nti tannidānaṃ, taṃkāraṇāti attho. Taṃ hatthādīsu ḍaṃsanaṃ nidānaṃ kāraṇaṃ etassāti ‘‘tannidāna’’nti hi vattabbe ‘‘tatonidāna’’nti purimapade paccattatthe nissakkavacanaṃ katvā, tassa ca lopamakatvā niddeso, hetvatthe ca paccattavacanaṃ. Kāraṇatthe nipātapadametantipi vadanti. Apica ‘‘tatonidāna’’nti etaṃ ‘‘maraṇaṃ vā maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkha’’nti ettha vuttanayena visesanaṃ. <span class="bld">Taṃ</span> <a name="M1.0112"></a> <span class="bld">kissa hetū</span>ti yaṃ vuttaṃ hatthādīsu ḍaṃsanaṃ, tannidānañca maraṇādiupagamanaṃ<a name="V1.0099"></a>, taṃ kissa hetu kena kāraṇenāti ce? <span class="bld">Tassa purisassa alagaddassa duggahitattā.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Idhā</span>ti imasmiṃ sāsane. <span class="bld">Moghapurisā</span>ti guṇasārarahitatāya tucchapurisā. <span class="bld">Dhamma</span>nti pāḷidhammaṃ. <span class="bld">Pariyāpuṇantī</span>ti uggaṇhanti, sajjhāyanti ceva vācuggataṃ karontā dhārenti cāti vuttaṃ hoti. ‘‘Dhamma’’nti sāmaññato vuttameva sarūpena dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘sutta’’</span>ntiādinā. Na hi suttādinavaṅgato añño dhammo nāma atthi. Tathā hi vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tesaṃ dhammāna’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Attha</span>nti cettha sambandhīniddeso eso, <span class="bld">attha</span>nti ca yathābhūtaṃ bhāsitatthaṃ, payojanatthañca sāmaññaniddesena, ekasesanayena vā vuttaṃ. Yañhi padaṃ sutisāmaññena anekadhā atthaṃ dīpeti, taṃ sāmaññaniddesena, ekasesanayena vāti sabbattha veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Na upaparikkhantī</span>ti na pariggaṇhanti na vicārenti. Ikkhasaddassa hi dassanaṅkesu idha dassanameva attho, tassa ca pariggaṇhanacakkhulocanesu pariggaṇhanameva, tañca vicāraṇā pariyādānavasena dubbidhesu vicāraṇāyeva, sā ca vīmaṃsāyeva, na vicāro, vīmaṃsā ca nāmesā bhāsitatthavīmaṃsā, payojanatthavīmaṃsā cāti idha dubbidhāva adhippetā, tāsu ‘‘imasmiṃ ṭhāne sīlaṃ kathitaṃ, imasmiṃ samādhi, imasmiṃ paññā, mayañca taṃ pūressāmā’’ti evaṃ bhāsitatthavīmaṃsañceva ‘‘sīlaṃ samādhissa kāraṇaṃ, samādhi vipassanāyā’’tiādinā payojanatthavīmaṃsañca na karontīti attho. <span class="bld">Anupaparikkhata</span>nti anupaparikkhantānaṃ tesaṃ moghapurisānaṃ. <span class="bld">Na nijjhānakkhamantī</span>ti nijjhānaṃ nissesena pekkhanaṃ paññaṃ na khamanti. Jhe-saddo hi idha pekkhaneyeva, na cintanajhāpanesu, tañca ñāṇapekkhanameva, na cakkhupekkhanaṃ, ārammaṇūpanijjhānameva vā, na lakkhaṇūpanijjhānaṃ, tasmā paññāya disvā rocetvā gahetabbā na hontīti adhippāyo veditabbo. Nissesena jhāyate pekkhateti hi <span class="bld">nijjhānaṃ.</span> Sandhivasena anusvāralopo nijjhānakkhamantīti, <span class="bld">‘‘nijjhānaṃ khamantī’’</span>tipi pāṭho, tena imamatthaṃ dīpeti ‘‘tesaṃ paññāya atthassa anupaparikkhanato te dhammā na upaṭṭhahanti, imasmiṃ ṭhāne sīlaṃ, samādhi, vipassanā, maggo, vaṭṭaṃ, vivaṭṭhaṃ kathitanti evaṃ jānituṃ na sakkā hontī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Upārambhānisaṃsā cevā</span>ti paresaṃ vāde dosāropanānisaṃsā ca hutvā. Bhuso ārambhanañhi paresaṃ vāde dosāropanaṃ <span class="bld">upārambho,</span> pariyattiṃ <a name="M1.0113"></a> nissāya paravambhananti vuttaṃ hoti. Tathā hesa ‘‘paravajjānupanayanalakkhaṇo’’ti vutto. <span class="bld">Iti vādappamokkhānisaṃsā cā</span>ti iti evaṃ etāya pariyattiyā vādappamokkhānisaṃsā attano upari parehi āropitassa vādassa niggahassa attato, sakavādato vā pamokkhapayojanā ca hutvā. <span class="bld">Iti</span> saddo idamatthe, tena ‘‘pariyāpuṇantī’’ti <a name="V1.0100"></a> ettha pariyāpuṇanaṃ parāmasati. Vadanti niggaṇhanti etenāti <span class="bld">vādo,</span> doso, pamuccanaṃ, pamuccāpanaṃ vā <span class="bld">pamokkho,</span> attano upari āropitassa pamokkho ānisaṃso yesaṃ tathā. Āropitavādo hi ‘‘vādo’’ti vutto yathā ‘‘devena datto datto’’ti. <span class="bld">Vādo</span>ti vā upavādonindā yathāvuttanayeneva samāso. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – parehi sakavāde dose āropite, nindāya vā āropitāya taṃ dosaṃ, nindaṃ vā evañca evañca mocessāmāti iminā ca kāraṇena pariyāpuṇantīti. Atha vā so so vādo <span class="bld">iti vādo</span> iti-saddassa saha vicchāya ta-saddatthe pavattattā. Itivādasa pamokkho yathāvuttanayena, so ānisaṃso yesaṃ tathā, taṃ taṃ vādapamocanānisaṃsā hutvāti attho. <span class="bld">Yassa catthāyā</span>ti yassa ca sīlādipūraṇassa, maggaphalanibbānabhūtassa vā anupādāvimokkhassa atthāya. Abhedepi bhedavohāro eso yathā ‘‘paṭimāya sarīra’’nti, bhedyabhedakaṃ vā etaṃ yathā ‘‘kathinassatthāya ābhataṃ dussa’’nti. ‘‘Tañcassa attha’’nti hi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ca</span>-saddo avadhāraṇe, tena tadatthāya eva pariyāpuṇanaṃ sambhavati, nāññatthāyāti vinicchinoti. <span class="bld">Dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇantī</span>ti hi jātiācāravasena duvidhāpi kulaputtā ñāyena dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇantīti attho. <span class="bld">Tañcassa atthaṃ nānubhontī</span>ti assa dhammassa sīlādipūraṇasaṅkhātaṃ, maggaphalanibbānabhūtaṃ vā anupādāvimokkhasaṅkhātaṃ atthaṃ ete duggahitagāhino nānubhonti na vindantiyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo nayo – yassa upārambhassa, itivādappamokkhassa vā atthāya ye moghapurisā dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti, te parehi ‘‘ayamattho na hotī’’ti vutte duggahitattāyeva ‘‘tadatthova hotī’’ti paṭipādanakkhamā na honti, tasmā parassa vāde upārambhaṃ āropetuṃ attano vādaṃ pamocetuñca asakkontāpi taṃ atthaṃ nānubhonti ca na vindantiyevāti evampettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Idhāpi hi ca-saddo avadhāraṇatthova. <span class="bld">‘‘Tesa’’</span>ntiādīsu <a name="M1.0114"></a> tesaṃ te dhammā duggahitattā upārambhamānadabbamakkhapalāsādihetubhāvena dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattantīti attho. <span class="bld">Duggahitā</span>ti hi hetugabbhavacanaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘duggahitattā bhikkhave, dhammāna’’nti (ma. ni. 1.238). Ettha ca kāraṇe phalavohāravasena ‘‘te dhammā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattantī’ti vuttaṃ yathā ‘‘ghatamāyu, dadhi bala’’nti. Tathā hi kiñcāpi na te dhammā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti, tathāpi vuttanayena pariyāpuṇantānaṃ sajjhāyanakāle, vivādakāle ca tammūlakānaṃ upārambhādīnaṃ anekesaṃ akusalānaṃ uppattisambhavato ‘‘te…pe… saṃvattantī’’ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Taṃ kissa hetū</span>ti ettha nti yathāvuttassatthassa ananubhavanaṃ, tesañca dhammānaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanaṃ parāmasati. <span class="bld">Kissā</span>ti sāmivacanaṃ hetvatthe, tathā <span class="bld">hetū</span>ti paccattavacanañca.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yā</span> <a name="V1.0101"></a> <span class="bld">panā</span>ti ettha kiriyā pāḷivasena vuttanayena attho veditabbo. Tattha kiriyāpakkhe yā suggahitāti abhedepi bhedavohāro ‘‘cārikaṃ pakkamati, cārikaṃ caramāno’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.254, 300) viya. Tadevatthaṃ vivarati <span class="bld">‘‘sīlakkhandhādī’’</span>tiādinā, <span class="bld">ādi</span>saddena cettha samādhivipassanādīnaṃ saṅgaho. Yo hi buddhavacanaṃ uggaṇhitvā sīlassa āgataṭṭhāne sīlaṃ pūretvā, samādhino āgataṭṭhāne samādhiṃ gabbhaṃ gaṇhāpetvā, vipassanāya āgataṭṭhāne vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā, maggaphalānaṃ āgataṭṭhāne ‘‘maggaṃ bhāvessāmi, phalaṃ sacchikarissāmī’’ti uggaṇhāti, tasseva sā pariyatti nissaraṇatthā nāma hoti. <span class="bld">Ya</span>nti yaṃ pariyattisuggahaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Vuttaṃ</span> alagaddasutte. <span class="bld">Dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya saṃvattantī</span>ti sīlādīnaṃ āgataṭṭhāne sīlādīni pūrentānampi arahattaṃ patvā parisamajjhe dhammaṃ desetvā dhammadesanāya pasannehi upanīte cattāro paccaye paribhuñjantānampi paresaṃ vāde sahadhammena upārambhaṃ āropentānampi sakavādato parehi āropitadosaṃ pariharantānampi dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya saṃvattantīti attho. Tathā hi na kevalaṃ suggahitapariyattiṃ nissāya maggabhāvanāphalasacchikiriyādīniyeva, api tu paravādaniggahasakavādapatiṭṭhāpanānipi ijjhanti. Tathā ca vuttaṃ <span class="bld">parinibbānasuttā</span> dīsu ‘‘uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desessantī’’tiādi (dī. ni. 2.68).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0115"></a> <span class="bld">panā</span>ti etthāpi vuttanayena duvidhena attho. Dukkhaparijānena <span class="bld">pariññātakkhandho.</span> Samudayappahānena <span class="bld">pahīnakileso.</span> Paṭividdhārahattaphalatāya <span class="bld">paṭividdhākuppo.</span> <span class="bld">Akuppa</span>nti ca arahattaphalassetaṃ nāma. Satipi hi cattunnaṃ maggānaṃ, catunnañca phalānaṃ avinassanabhāve sattannaṃ sekkhānaṃ sakasakanāmapariccāgena uparūpari nāmantarappattito tesaṃ maggaphalāti ‘‘akuppāmi’’ti na vuccanti. Arahā pana sabbadāpi arahāyeva nāmāti tasseva phalaṃ puggalanāmavasena ‘‘akuppa’’nti vuttaṃ, iminā ca imamatthaṃ dasseti ‘‘khīṇāsavasseva pariyatti bhaṇḍāgārikapariyatti nāmā’’ti. Tassa hi apariññātaṃ, appahīnaṃ abhāvitaṃ, asacchikataṃ vā natthi, tasmā so buddhavacanaṃ pariyāpuṇantopi tantidhārako paveṇīpālako vaṃsānurakkhakova hutvā pariyāpuṇāti, tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘paveṇīpālanatthāyā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Paveṇī</span> cettha dhammasantati dhammassa avicchedena pavatti. Buddhassa bhagavato <span class="bld">vaṃso</span>ti ca yathāvuttapaveṇīyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca yadi paveṇīpālanatthāya buddhavacanassa pariyāpuṇanaṃ bhaṇḍāgārikapariyatti, atha kasmā ‘‘khīṇāsavo’’ti visesetvā vuttaṃ. Ekaccassa hi puthujjanassāpi ayaṃ nayo labbhati. Tathā hi ekacco puthujjano bhikkhu chātakabhayādinā ganthadhuresu ekasmiṃ ṭhāne vasitumasakkontesu <a name="V1.0102"></a> sayaṃ bhikkhācārena atikilamamāno ‘‘atimadhuraṃ buddhavacanaṃ mā nassatu, tantiṃ dhāressāmi, vaṃsaṃ ṭhapessāmi, paveṇiṃ pālessāmī’’ti pariyāpuṇāti. Tasmā tassāpi pariyatti bhaṇḍāgārikapariyatti nāma kasmā na hotīti? Vuccate – evaṃ santepi hi puthujjanassa pariyatti bhaṇḍāgārikapariyatti nāma na hoti. Kiñcāpi hi puthujjano ‘‘paveṇiṃ pālessāmī’’ti ajjhāsayena pariyāpuṇāti, attano pana bhavakantārato avitiṇṇattā tassa sā pariyatti nissaraṇatthāyeva nāma hoti, tasmā puthujjanassa pariyatti alagaddupamā vā hoti, nissaraṇatthā vā. Sattannaṃ sekkhānaṃ nissaraṇatthāva. Khīṇāsavānaṃ bhaṇḍāgārikapariyattiyevāti veditabbaṃ. Khīṇāsavo hi bhaṇḍāgārika sadisattā ‘‘bhaṇḍāgāriko’’ti vuccati. Yathā hi bhaṇḍāgāriko alaṅkārabhaṇḍaṃ paṭisāmetvā pasādhanakāle tadupiyaṃ alaṅkārabhaṇḍaṃ rañño upanāmetvā taṃ alaṅkaroti, evaṃ khīṇāsavopi dhammaratanabhaṇḍaṃ sampaṭicchitvā mokkhādhigamāya <a name="M1.0116"></a> bhabbarūpe sahetuke satte passitvā tadanurūpaṃ dhammadesanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā maggaṅgabojjhaṅgādisaṅkhātena lokuttarena alaṅkārena alaṅkarotīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ tisso pariyattiyo vibhajitvā idāni tīsupi piṭakesu yathārahaṃ sampattivipattiyo niddhāretvā vibhajanto <span class="bld">‘‘vinaye panā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">‘‘Sīlasampadaṃ nissāya tisso vijjā pāpuṇātī’’</span>tiādīsu yasmā sīlaṃ visujjhamānaṃ satisampajaññabalena, kammassakatāñāṇabalena ca saṃkilesamalato visujjhati, pāripūriñca gacchati, tasmā sīlasampadā sijjhamānā upanissayasampattibhāvena satibalaṃ, ñāṇabalañca paccupaṭṭhapetīti tassā vijjattayūpanissayatā veditabbā sabhāgahetusampādanato. Satibalena hi pubbenivāsavijjāsiddhi. Sampajaññabalena sabbakiccesu sudiṭṭhakāritāparicayena cutūpapātañāṇānubaddhāya dutiyavijjāya siddhi. Vītikkamābhāvena saṃkilesappahānasabbhāvato vivaṭṭūpanissayatāvasena ajjhāsayasuddhiyā tatiyavijjāsiddhi. Puretarasiddhānaṃ samādhipaññānaṃ pāripūriṃ vinā sīlassa āsavakkhayañāṇūpanissayatā sukkhavipassakakhīṇāsavehi dīpetabbā. ‘‘Samāhito yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.5; 5.1071; netti. 40; mi. pa. 14) vacanato samādhisampadā chaḷabhiññatāya upanissayo. ‘‘Yogā ve jāyate bhūrī’’ti (dha. pa. 282) vacanato pubbayogena garuvāsadesabhāsākosallauggahaṇaparipucchādīhi ca paribhāvitā paññāsampadā paṭisambhidāppabhedassa upanissayo. Ettha ca ‘‘sīlasampadaṃ nissāyā’’ti vuttattā yassa samādhivijambhanabhūtā anavasesā cha abhiññā na ijjhanti, tassa ukkaṭṭhaparicchedavasena na samādhisampadā atthīti satipi vijjānaṃ abhiññekadesabhāve sīlasampadāsamudāgatā eva tisso vijjā gahitā, yathā ca paññāsampadāsamudāgatā catasso paṭisambhidā upanissayasampannassa <a name="V1.0103"></a> maggeneva ijjhanti maggakkhaṇeyeva tāsaṃ paṭiladdhattā. Evaṃ sīlasampadāsamudāgatā tisso vijjā, samādhisampadāsamudāgatā ca cha abhiññā upanissayasampannassa maggeneva ijjhantīti maggādhigameneva tāsaṃ adhigamo veditabbo. Paccekabuddhānaṃ, sammāsambuddhānañca paccekabodhisammāsambodhisamadhigamasadisā hi imesaṃ ariyānaṃ ime visesādhigamāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tāsaṃyeva</span> <a name="M1.0117"></a> <span class="bld">ca tattha pabhedavacanato</span>ti ettha ‘‘tāsaṃyevā’’ti avadhāraṇaṃ pāpuṇitabbānaṃ chaḷabhiññācatupaṭisambhidānaṃ vinaye pabhedavacanābhāvaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Verañjakaṇḍe</span> (pārā. 12) hi tisso vijjāva vibhattāti. <span class="bld">Ca</span>saddena samuccinanañca tāsaṃ ettha ekadesavacanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ abhiññāpaṭisambhidānampi ekadesānaṃ tattha vuttattā. Dutiye ‘‘tāsaṃyevā’’ti avadhāraṇaṃ catasso paṭisambhidā apekkhitvā kataṃ, na tisso vijjā. Tā hi chasu abhiññāsu antogadhattā sutte vibhattāyevāti. Ca-saddena ca paṭisambhidānamekadesavacanaṃ samuccinoti. Tatiye ‘‘tāsañcā’’ti ca-saddena sesānampi tattha atthibhāvaṃ dīpeti. Abhidhamme hi tisso vijjā, cha abhiññā, catasso ca paṭisambhidā vuttāyeva. Paṭisambhidānaṃ pana aññattha pabhedavacanābhāvaṃ, tattheva ca sammā vibhattabhāvaṃ dīpetukāmo heṭṭhā vuttanayena avadhāraṇamakatvā <span class="bld">‘‘tatthevā’’</span>ti parivattetvā avadhāraṇaṃ ṭhapeti. ‘‘Abhidhamme pana tisso vijjā, cha abhiññā, catasso ca paṭisambhidā aññe ca sammappadhānādayo guṇavisesā vibhattā. Kiñcāpi vibhattā, visesato pana paññājātikattā catassova paṭisambhidā pāpuṇātīti dassanatthaṃ ‘tāsañca tatthevā’ti avadhāraṇavipallāso kato’’ti <span class="bld">vajirabuddhitthero. ‘‘Eva’’</span>ntiādi nigamanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sukho samphasso etesanti <span class="bld">sukhasamphassāni,</span> anuññātāniyeva tādisāni attharaṇapāvuraṇādīni, tesaṃ phassasāmaññato sukho vā samphasso tathā, anuññāto so yesanti <span class="bld">anuññātasukhasamphassāni,</span> tādisāni attharaṇapāvuraṇādīni tesaṃ phassena samānatāya. <span class="bld">Upādinnakaphasso</span> itthiphasso, methunadhammoyeva. <span class="bld">Vuttaṃ</span> ariṭṭhena nāma gaddhabādhipubbena bhikkhunā (ma. ni. 234; pāci. 417). So hi bahussuto dhammakathiko kammakilesavipākaupavādaāṇāvītikkamavasena pañcavidhesu antarāyikesu āṇāvītikkamantarāyikaṃ na jānāti, sesantarāyikeyeva jānāti, tasmā so rahogato evaṃ cintesi ‘‘ime agārikā pañca kāmaguṇe paribhuñjantā sotāpannāpi sakadāgāminopi anāgāminopi honti, bhikkhūpi manāpikāni cakkhuviññeyyāni rūpāni passanti <a name="M1.0118"></a> …pe… kāyaviññeyye <a name="V1.0104"></a> phoṭṭhabbe phusanti, mudukāni attharaṇapāvuraṇāni paribhuñjanti, etaṃ sabbampi vaṭṭati, kasmā itthīnaṃyeva rūpasaddagandharasaphoṭṭhabbā na vaṭṭanti, etepi vaṭṭantiyevā’’ti anavajjena paccayaparibhogarasena sāvajjaṃ kāmaguṇaparibhogarasaṃ saṃsanditvā sachandarāgaparibhogañca nicchandarāgaparibhogañca ekaṃ katvā thullavākehi saddhiṃ atisukhumasuttaṃ ghaṭento viya, sāsapena saddhiṃ sineruno sadisataṃ upasaṃharanto viya ca pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppādetvā ‘‘kiṃ bhagavatā mahāsamuddaṃ bandhantena viya mahatā ussāhena paṭhamapārājikaṃ paññattaṃ, natthi ettha doso’’ti sabbaññutaññāṇena saddhiṃ paṭivirujjhanto vesārajjañāṇaṃ paṭibāhanto ariyamagge khāṇukaṇṭakādīni pakkhipanto ‘‘methunadhamme doso natthī’’ti jinacakke pahāramadāsi, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘tathāha’’</span>ntiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Anatikkamanatthena antarāye niyuttā, antarāyaṃ vā phalaṃ arahanti, antarāyassa vā karaṇasīlāti <span class="bld">antarāyikā,</span> saggamokkhānaṃ antarāyakarāti vuttaṃ hoti. Te ca kammakilesavipākaupavādaāṇāvītikkamavasena pañcavidhā. Vitthāro ariṭṭhasikkhāpadavaṇṇanādīsu (pāci. aṭṭha. 417) gahetabbo. Ayaṃ panettha padatthasambandho – ye ime dhammā antarāyikā iti bhagavatā vuttā desitā ceva paññattā ca, te dhamme paṭisevato paṭisevantassa yathā yena pakārena te dhammā antarāyāya saggamokkhānaṃ antarāyakaraṇatthaṃ nālaṃ samatthā na honti, tathā tena pakārena ahaṃ bhagavatā desitaṃ dhammaṃ ājānāmīti. <span class="bld">Tato dussīlabhāvaṃ pāpuṇātī</span>ti tato anavajjasaññibhāvahetuto vītikkamitvā dussīlabhāvaṃ pāpuṇāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cattāro…pe…ādīsū</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Cattārome bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Attahitāya paṭipanno no parahitāya, parahitāya paṭipanno no attahitāya, nevattahitāya paṭipanno no parahitāya, attahitāya ceva paṭipanno parahitāya ca…pe… ime kho bhikkhave…pe… lokasmi’’nti (a. ni. 4.96) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādinā <a name="M1.0119"></a> <span class="bld">puggaladesanāpaṭisaññuttasuttantapāḷiṃ</span> nidasseti. <span class="bld">Adhippāya</span>nti ‘‘ayaṃ puggaladesanāvohāravasena, na paramatthato’’ti evaṃ bhagavato adhippāyaṃ. Vuttañhi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Duve <a name="V1.0105"></a> saccāni akkhāsi, sambuddho vadataṃ varo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sammutiṃ paramatthañca, tatiyaṃ nūpalabbhati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saṅketavacanaṃ saccaṃ, lokasammutikāraṇā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paramatthavacanaṃ saccaṃ, dhammānaṃ bhūtakāraṇā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā vohārakusalassa, lokanāthassa satthuno;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sammutiṃ voharantassa, musāvādo na jāyatī’’ti. (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.57; a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.170; itivu. aṭṭha. 24);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Na hi lokasammutiṃ buddhā bhagavanto vijahanti, lokasamaññāya lokaniruttiyā lokābhilāpe ṭhitāyeva dhammaṃ desenti. Apica ‘‘hirottappadīpanatthaṃ, kammassakatādīpanattha’’nti (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.57; a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.202; itivu. aṭṭha. 24; kathā. anuṭī. 1) evamādīhipi aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā puggalakathaṃ kathetī’’ti evaṃ adhippāyamajānanto. Ayamattho upari āvi bhavissati. <span class="bld">Duggahitaṃ gaṇhātī</span>ti ‘‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathā tadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāvati saṃsarati anañña’’ntiādinā (ma. ni. 1.144) duggahitaṃ katvā gaṇhāti, viparītaṃ gaṇhātīti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Duggahita</span>nti hi bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso kiriyāyavisesanabhāvena napuṃsakaliṅgena niddisitabbattā. Ayañhi bhāvanapuṃsakapadassa pakati, yadidaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgena niddisitabbattā, bhāvappaṭṭhānatā, sakammākammakiriyānuyogaṃ paccattopayogavacanatā ca. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘duggahitaṃ katvā’’ti. <span class="bld">Ya</span>nti duggahitagāhaṃ. Majjhimanikāye mūlapaṇṇāsake <span class="bld">mahātaṇhāsaṅkhayasutte</span> (ma. ni. 1.144) tathāvādīnaṃ sādhināmakaṃ kevaṭṭaputtaṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhagavatā <span class="bld">vuttaṃ.</span> Attanā duggahitena dhammenāti pāṭhaseso, micchāsabhāvenāti attho. Atha vā duggahaṇaṃ duggahitaṃ, <span class="bld">attanā</span>ti ca sāmiatthe karaṇavacanaṃ, vibhattiyantapatirūpakaṃ vā abyayapadaṃ, tasmā attano duggahaṇena viparītagāhenāti attho. <span class="bld">Abbhācikkhatī</span>ti abbhakkhānaṃ karoti. Attano kusalamūlāni khananto <span class="bld">attānaṃ khanati</span> nāma. <span class="bld">Tato</span>ti duggahitabhāvahetuto.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhammacinta</span>nti <a name="M1.0120"></a> dhammasabhāvavicāraṃ. <span class="bld">Atidhāvanto</span>ti ṭhātabbamariyādāyaṃ aṭṭhatvā ‘‘cittuppādamattenapi dānaṃ hoti, sayameva cittaṃ attano ārammaṇaṃ hoti, sabbampi cittaṃ sabhāvadhammārammaṇameva hotī’’ti ca evamādinā atikkamitvā pavattayamāno. Cintetumasakkuṇeyyāni<a name="V1.0106"></a>, anaraharūpāni vā <span class="bld">acinteyyāni</span> nāma, tāni dassento <span class="bld">‘‘vuttañheta’’</span>ntiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">acinteyyānī</span>ti tesaṃ sabhāvadassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Na</span> <span class="bld">cintetabbānī</span>ti tattha kattabbakiccadassanaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Yānī’’</span>tiādi tassa hetudassanaṃ. Yāni cintento ummādassa cittakkhepassa, vighātassa vihesassa ca bhāgī assa, acinteyyāni imāni cattāri na cintetabbāni, imāni vā cattāri acinteyyāni nāma na cintetabbāni, yāni vā…pe… assa, tasmā na cintetabbāni acintetabbabhūtāni imāni cattāri acinteyyāni nāmāti yojanā. <span class="bld">Iti</span>-saddena pana –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Katamāni cattāri? Buddhānaṃ bhikkhave buddhavisayo acinteyyo na cintetabbo, yaṃ cintento ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assa. Jhāyissa bhikkhave jhānavisayo acinteyyo…pe… kammavipāko bhikkhave acinteyyo…pe… lokacintā bhikkhave acinteyyā…pe… imāni…pe… assā’’ti (a. ni. 4.77) –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Caturaṅguttare vuttaṃ <span class="bld">acinteyyasuttaṃ</span> ādiṃ katvā sabbaṃ acinteyyabhāvadīpakaṃ pāḷiṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Kāmaṃ acinteyyāni cha asādhāraṇañāṇādīni, tāni pana anussarantassa kusaluppattihetubhāvato cintetabbāni, imāni pana evaṃ na honti aphalabhāvato, tasmā na cintetabbāni. <span class="bld">‘‘Dussīlya…pe… pabheda’’</span>nti iminā vipattiṃ sarūpato dasseti. ‘‘Kathaṃ? Piṭakavasenā’’tiādivacanasambajjhanena pubbāparasambandhaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ nānappakārato’’</span>tiādimāha. Pubbāparasambandhavirahitañhi vacanaṃ byākulaṃ. Sotūnañca atthaviññāpakaṃ na hoti, pubbāparaññūnameva ca tathāvicāritavacanaṃ visayo. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pubbāparaññū atthaññū, niruttipadakovido;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Suggahītañca gaṇhāti, atthañco’ paparikkhatī’’ti. (theragā. 1031);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tesa</span>nti piṭakānaṃ. <span class="bld">Eta</span>nti buddhavacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sīlakkhandhavaggamahāvaggapāthikavaggasaṅkhātehi <a name="M1.0121"></a> tīhi vaggehi saṅgaho etesanti <span class="bld">tivaggasaṅgahāni.</span> Gāthāya pana <span class="bld">yassa</span> nikāyassa suttagaṇanato <span class="bld">catuttiṃseva suttantā.</span> Vaggasaṅgahavasena tayo vaggā assa saṅgahassāti <span class="bld">tivaggo saṅgaho. Paṭhamo esa</span> nikāyo <span class="bld">dīghanikāyo</span>ti <a name="V1.0107"></a> <span class="bld">anulomiko</span> apaccanīko, atthānulomanato atthānulomanāmiko vā, anvatthanāmoti attho. Tattha ‘‘tivaggo saṅgaho’’ti etaṃ ‘‘yassā’’ti antarikepi samāsoyeva hoti, na vākyanti daṭṭhabbaṃ ‘‘navaṃ pana bhikkhunā cīvaralābhenā’’ti (pāci. 368) ettha ‘‘navaṃcīvaralābhenā’’ti padaṃ viya. Tathā hi aṭṭhakathācariyā vaṇṇayanti ‘‘alabbhīti labho, labho eva lābho. Kiṃ alabbhi? Cīvaraṃ. Kīdisaṃ? Navaṃ, iti ‘navacīvaralābhenā’ti vattabbe anunāsikalopaṃ akatvā ‘navaṃcīvaralābhenā’ti vuttaṃ, paṭiladdhanavacīvarenāti attho. Majjhe ṭhitapadadvaye panāti nipāto. Bhikkhunāti yena laddhaṃ, tassa nidassana’’nti (pāci. aṭṭha. 368). Idhāpi saddato, atthato ca vākye yuttiyāabhāvato samāsoyeva sambhavati. ‘‘Tivaggo’’ti padañhi ‘‘saṅgaho’’ti ettha yadi karaṇaṃ, evaṃ sati karaṇavacanantameva siyā. Yadi ca padadvayametaṃ tulyādhikaraṇaṃ, tathā ca sati napuṃsakaliṅgameva siyā ‘‘tiloka’’ntiādipadaṃ viya. Tathā ‘‘tivaggo’’ti etassa ‘‘saṅgaho’’ti padamantarena aññatthāsambandho na sambhavati, tattha ca tādisena vākyena sambajjhanaṃ na yuttaṃ, tasmā samānepi padantarantarike saddatthāvirodhabhāvoyeva samāsatākāraṇanti samāso eva yutto. Tayo vaggā assa saṅgahassāti hi <span class="bld">tivaggosaṅgaho</span> akārassa okārādesaṃ, okārāgamaṃ vā katvā yathā ‘‘sattāhaparinibbuto, acirapakkanto, māsajāto’’tiādi, <span class="bld">assa saṅgahassā</span>ti ca saṅgahitassa assa nikāyassāti attho. Apare pana ‘‘tayo vaggā yassāti katvā ‘saṅgaho’ti padena tulyādhikaraṇameva sambhavati, saṅgahoti ca gaṇanā. <span class="bld">Ṭīkācariyehi</span> (sārattha. ṭī. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) pana ‘tayo vaggā assa saṅgahassā’ti padadvayassa tulyādhikaraṇatāyeva dassitā’’ti vadanti, tadayuttameva saṅkhyāsaṅkhyeyyānaṃ missakattā, apākaṭattā ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atthānulomikattaṃ vibhāvetumāha <span class="bld">‘‘kasmā’’</span>tiādi. Guṇopacārena, taddhitavasena vā dīgha-saddena dīghappamāṇāni suttāniyeva gahitāni<a name="M1.0122"></a>, nikāyasaddo ca ruḷhivasena samūhanivāsatthesu vattatīti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘dīghappamāṇāna’’</span>ntiādinā. Saṅketasiddhattā vacanīyavācakānaṃ payogato tadatthesu tassa saṅketasiddhataṃ ñāpento <span class="bld">‘‘nāha’’</span>ntiādimāha. <span class="bld">Ekanikāyampī</span>ti ekasamūhampi. <span class="bld">Evaṃ citta</span>nti evaṃ vicittaṃ. <span class="bld">Yathayida</span>nti yathā ime tiracchānagatā pāṇā. Poṇikā, cikkhallikā ca khattiyā, tesaṃ nivāso <span class="bld">‘‘poṇikanikāyo cikkhallikanikāyo’’</span>ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti nikāyasaddassa samūhanivāsānaṃ vācakabhāve. <span class="bld">Sādhakānī</span>ti adhippetassatthassa sādhanato udāharaṇāni vuccanti. ‘‘Samānītānī’’ti pāṭhasesena cetassa sambandho, sakkhīni vā yathāvuttanayena sādhakāni. Yañhi niddhāretvā adhippetatthaṃ sādhenti<a name="V1.0108"></a>, taṃ ‘‘sakkhī’’ti vadanti. Tathā hi <span class="bld">manorathapūraṇiyaṃ</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘pañcagarujātakaṃ (jā. 1.1.132) pana sakkhibhāvatthāya āharitvā kathetabba’’nti (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.5) <span class="bld">sāsanato</span>ti sāsanapayogato, sāsane vā. <span class="bld">Lokato</span>ti lokiyapayogato, loke vā. Idaṃ pana piṭakattaye na vijjati, tasmā evaṃ vuttanti vadanti. Ettha ca paṭhamamudāharaṇaṃ sāsanato sādhakavacanaṃ, dutiyaṃ lokatoti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mūlapariyāya vaggādivasena pañcadasavaggasaṅgahāni. Aḍḍhena dutiyaṃ <span class="bld">diyaḍḍhaṃ,</span> tadeva sataṃ, ekasataṃ, paññāsa ca suttānīti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Yatthā</span>ti yasmiṃ nikāye. <span class="bld">Pañcadasavaggapariggaho</span>ti pañcadasahi vaggehi pariggahito saṅgahito.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Saṃyujjanti etthāti <span class="bld">saṃyuttaṃ,</span> kesaṃ saṃyuttaṃ? Suttavaggānaṃ. Yathā hi byañjanasamudāye padaṃ, padasamudāye ca vākyaṃ, vākyasamudāye suttaṃ, suttasamudāye vaggoti samaññā, evaṃ vaggasamudāye saṃyuttasamaññā. Devatāya pucchitena kathitasuttavaggādīnaṃ saṃyuttattā devatāsaṃyuttādibhāvo (saṃ. ni. 1.1), tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘devatāsaṃyuttādivasenā’’</span>tiādi. ‘‘Suttantānaṃ sahassāni satta suttasatāni cā’’ti pāṭhe suttantānaṃ satta sahassāni, satta suttasatāni cāti yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Satta suttasahassāni, satta suttasatāni cā’’</span>tipi pāṭho. <span class="bld">Saṃyuttasaṅgaho</span>ti saṃyuttanikāyassa saṅgaho gaṇanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekekehi <a name="M1.0123"></a> aṅgehi uparūpari uttaro adhiko etthāti <span class="bld">aṅguttaro</span>ti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ekekaaṅgātirekavasenā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha hi ekekato paṭṭhāya yāva ekādasa aṅgāni kathitāni. <span class="bld">Aṅga</span>nti ca dhammakoṭṭhāso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pubbe</span>ti suttantapiṭakaniddese. Vuttameva pakārantarena saṅkhipitvā avisesetvā dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ṭhapetvā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Sakalaṃ vinayapiṭaka’’</span>ntiādinā vuttameva hi iminā pakārantarena saṅkhipitvā dasseti. Apica yathāvuttato avasiṭṭhaṃ yaṃ kiñci bhagavatā dinnanaye ṭhatvā desitaṃ, bhagavatā ca anumoditaṃ nettipeṭakopadesādikaṃ, taṃ sabbampi ettheva pariyāpannanti anavasesapariyādānavasena dassetuṃ evaṃ vuttantipi daṭṭhabbaṃ. Siddhepi hi sati ārambho atthantaraviññāpanāya vā hoti, niyamāya vāti. Ettha ca yathā ‘‘dīghappamāṇāna’’ntiādi vuttaṃ, evaṃ ‘‘khuddakappamāṇāna’’ntiādimavatvā sarūpasseva kathanaṃ vinayābhidhammādīnaṃ dīghappamāṇānampi tadantogadhatāyāti daṭṭhabbaṃ, tena ca viññāyati ‘‘na sabbattha khuddakapariyāpannesu <a name="V1.0109"></a> tassa anvatthasamaññatā, dīghanikāyādisabhāvaviparītabhāvasāmaññena pana katthaci tabbohāratā’’ti. <span class="bld">Tadañña</span>nti tehi catūhi nikāyehi aññaṃ, avasesanti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Navappabheda</span>nti ettha kathaṃ panetaṃ navappabhedaṃ hoti. Tathā hi navahi aṅgehi vavatthitehi aññamaññasaṅkararahitehi bhavitabbaṃ, tathā ca sati asuttasabhāvāneva geyyaṅgādīni siyuṃ, atha suttasabhāvāneva geyyaṅgādīni, evaṃ sati suttanti visuṃ suttaṅgameva na siyā, evaṃ sante aṭṭhaṅgaṃ sāsananti āpajjati. Apica ‘‘sagāthakaṃ suttaṃ geyyaṃ, niggāthakaṃ suttaṃ veyyākaraṇa’’nti (dī. ni. aṭṭha., pārā. aṭṭha. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā) <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> vuttaṃ. Suttañca nāma sagāthakaṃ vā siyā, niggāthakaṃ vā, tasmā aṅgadvayeneva tadubhayaṃ saṅgahitanti tadubhayavinimuttaṃ suttaṃ udānādivisesasaññārahitaṃ natthi, yaṃ suttaṅgaṃ siyā, athāpi kathañci visuṃ suttaṅgaṃ siyā, <span class="bld">maṅgalasuttādīnaṃ</span> (khu. pā. 1; su. ni. 261) suttaṅgasaṅgaho na siyā gāthābhāvato dhammapadādīnaṃ viya. Geyyaṅgasaṅgaho vā siyā sagāthakattā sagāthāvaggassa viya. Tathā ubhatovibhaṅgādīsu sagāthakappadesānanti? Vuccate –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Suttanti <a name="M1.0124"></a> sāmaññavidhi, visesavidhayo pare;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sanimittā niruḷhattā, sahatāññena nāññato. (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā);</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yathāvuttassa dosassa, natthi etthāvagāhaṇaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā asaṅkaraṃyeva, navaṅgaṃ satthusāsanaṃ. (sārattha. ṭī. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā);</p>
<p class="unindented">Sabbassāpi hi buddhavacanassa <span class="bld">suttanti</span> ayaṃ <span class="bld">sāmaññavidhi</span>. Tathā hi ‘‘ettakaṃ tassa bhagavato suttāgataṃ suttapariyāpannaṃ, (pāci. aṭṭha. 655, 1242) sāvatthiyā suttavibhaṅge, (cūḷava. 456) sakavāde pañca suttasatānī’’tiādi (dha. sa. aṭṭha. nidānakathā) vacanato vinayābhidhammapariyatti visesesupi suttavohāro dissati. Teneva ca āyasmā mahākaccāyano <span class="bld">nettiyaṃ</span> āha ‘‘navavidhasuttantapariyeṭṭhī’’ti (netti. saṅgahavāravaṇṇanā) tattha hi suttādivasena navaṅgassa sāsanassa pariyeṭṭhi pariyesanā atthavicāraṇā ‘‘navavidha suttantapariyeṭṭhī’’ti vuttā. Tadekadesesu pana <span class="bld">pare</span> geyyādayo <span class="bld">sanimittā visesavidhayo</span> tena tena nimittena patiṭṭhitā. Tathā hi geyyassa sagāthakattaṃ tabbhāvanimittaṃ. Lokepi hi sasilokaṃ sagāthakaṃ cuṇṇiyaganthaṃ ‘‘geyya’’nti <a name="V1.0110"></a> vadanti, gāthāvirahe pana sati pucchaṃ katvā vissajjanabhāvo veyyākaraṇassa tabbhāvanimittaṃ. Pucchāvissajjanañhi ‘‘byākaraṇa’’nti vuccati, byākaraṇameva veyyākaraṇaṃ. Evaṃ sante sagāthakādīnampi pucchaṃ katvā vissajjanavasena pavattānaṃ veyyākaraṇabhāvo āpajjatīti? Nāpajjati geyyādisaññānaṃ anokāsabhāvato. Saokāsavidhito hi anokāsavidhi balavā. Apica ‘‘gāthāvirahe satī’’ti visesitattā. Yathādhippetassa hi atthassa anadhippetato byavacchedakaṃ visesanaṃ. Tathā hi dhammapadādīsu kevalagāthābandhesu, sagāthakattepi somanassañāṇamayikagāthāpaṭisaññuttesu, ‘‘vuttaṃ heta’’ntiādivacana sambandhesu, abbhutadhammapaṭisaṃyuttesu ca suttavisesesu yathākkamaṃ gāthāudānaitivuttaka abbhutadhammasaññā patiṭṭhitā. Ettha hi satipi saññāntaranimittayoge anokāsasaññānaṃ balavabhāveneva gāthādisaññā patiṭṭhitā, tathā satipi gāthābandhabhāve bhagavato atītāsu jātīsu cariyānubhāvappakāsakesu jātakasaññā patiṭṭhitā, satipi pañhāvissajjanabhāve<a name="M1.0125"></a>, sagāthakatte ca kesuci suttantesu vedassa labhāpanato vedallasaññā patiṭṭhitā, evaṃ tena tena sagāthakattādinā nimittena tesu tesu suttavisesesu geyyādisaññā patiṭṭhitāti visesavidhayo suttaṅgato pare geyyādayo, yaṃ panettha geyyaṅgādinimittarahitaṃ, taṃ suttaṅgameva visesasaññāparihārena sāmaññasaññāya pavattanato. Nanu ca evaṃ santepi sagāthakaṃ suttaṃ geyyaṃ, niggāthakaṃ suttaṃ veyyākaraṇanti tadubhayavinimuttassa suttassa abhāvato visuṃ suttaṅgameva na siyāti codanā tadavatthā evāti? Na tadavatthā sodhitattā. Sodhitañhi pubbe gāthāvirahe sati pucchāvissajjanabhāvo veyyākaraṇassa tabbhāvanimittanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yañca vuttaṃ ‘‘gāthābhāvato <span class="bld">maṅgalasuttādīnaṃ</span> (khu. pā. 1; su. ni. 261) suttaṅgasaṅgaho na siyā’’ti, tampi na, niruḷhattā. Niruḷho hi <span class="bld">maṅgalasuttādīnaṃ</span> suttabhāvo. Na hi tāni dhammapadabuddhavaṃsādayo viya gāthābhāvena saññitāni, atha kho suttabhāveneva. Teneva hi akathāyaṃ ‘‘suttanāmaka’’nti nāmaggahaṇaṃ kataṃ. Yañca pana vuttaṃ ‘‘sagāthakattā geyyaṅgasaṅgaho vā siyā’’ti, tampi natthi. Kasmāti ce? Yasmā <span class="bld">sahatāññena,</span> tasmā. Sahabhāvo hi nāma attato aññena hoti. Saha gāthāhīti ca sagāthakaṃ, na ca <span class="bld">maṅgalasuttādīsu</span> gāthāvinimutto koci suttapadeso atthi, yo ‘‘saha gāthāhī’’ti vucceyya, nanu ca gāthāsamudāyo tadekadesāhi gāthāhi añño hoti, yassa vasena ‘‘saha gāthāhī’’ti sakkā vattunti? Taṃ na. Na hi avayavavinimutto samudāyo nāma koci atthi, yo tadekadesehi saha bhaveyya. Katthaci pana ‘‘dīghasuttaṅkitassā’’tiādīsu samudāyekadesānaṃ vibhāgavacanaṃ vohāramattaṃ pati pariyāyavacanameva, ayañca nippariyāyena pabhedavibhāgadassanakathāti<a name="V1.0111"></a>. Yampi vuttaṃ ‘‘ubhatovibhaṅgādīsu sagāthakappadesānaṃ geyyaṅgasaṅgaho siyā’’ti, tampi na, aññato. Aññāyeva hi tā gāthā jātakādipariyāpannattā. Tādisāyeva hi kāraṇānurūpena tattha desitā, ato na tāhi ubhatovibhaṅgādīnaṃ geyyaṅgabhāvoti. Evaṃ suttādinavaṅgānaṃ aññamaññasaṅkarābhāvo veditabboti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="M1.0126"></a> etāni navaṅgāni vibhajitvā dassento <span class="bld">‘‘tatthā’’</span>tiādimāha. Niddeso nāma <span class="bld">suttanipāte</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kāmaṃ kāmayamānassa, tassa ce taṃ samijjhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Addhā pītimano hoti, laddhā macco yadicchatī’’tiādinā. (su. ni. 772); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Āgatassa aṭṭhakavaggassa;</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kenassu nivuto loko, (iccāyasmā ajito);</p>
<p class="gatha2">Kenassu na pakāsati;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Kissābhilepanaṃ brūsi,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kiṃsu tassa mahabbhaya’’ntiādinā. (su. ni. 1038); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Āgatassa pārāyanavaggassa;</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbesu bhūtesu nidhāya daṇḍaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Aviheṭhayaṃ aññatarampi tesaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Na puttamiccheyya kuto sahāyaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Eko care khaggavisāṇakappo’’tiādinā. (su. ni. 35); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Āgatassa khaggavisāṇasuttassa ca atthavibhāgavasena satthukappena āyasmatā <span class="bld">dhammasenāpatisāriputtattherena</span> kato niddeso, yo ‘‘mahāniddeso, cūḷaniddeso’’ti vuccati. Evamidha niddesassa suttaṅgasaṅgaho <span class="bld">bhadantabuddhadhosācariyena</span> dassito, tathā aññatthāpi vinayaṭṭhakathādīsu<a name="V1.0112"></a>, <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherenā</span>pi nettippakaraṇaṭṭhakathāyaṃ. Apare pana niddesassa gāthāveyyākaraṇaṅgesu dvīsu saṅgahaṃ vadanti. Vuttañhetaṃ niddesaṭṭhakathāyaṃ upasenattherena –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘So panesa vinayapiṭakaṃ…pe… abhidhammapiṭakanti tīsu piṭakesu suttantapiṭakapariyāpanno, dīghanikāyo…pe… khuddakanikāyoti pañcasu nikāyesu khuddakamahānikāyapariyāpanno, suttaṃ…pe… vedallanti navasu satthusāsanaṅgesu yathāsambhavaṃ gāthaṅgaveyyākaraṇaṅgadvayasaṅgahito’’ti (mahāni. aṭṭha. ganthārambhakathā).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha <a name="M1.0127"></a> tāva katthaci pucchāvissajjanasabbhāvato niddesekadesassa veyyākaraṇaṅgasaṅgaho yujjatu, agāthābhāvato gāthaṅgasaṅgaho kathaṃ yujjeyyāti vīmaṃsitabbametaṃ. Dhammāpadādīnaṃ viya hi kevalaṃ gāthābandhabhāvo gāthaṅgassa tabbhāvanimittaṃ. Dhammapadādīsu hi kevalaṃ gāthābandhesu gāthāsamaññā patiṭṭhitā, niddese ca na koci kevalo gāthābandappadeso upalabbhati. Sammāsambuddhena bhāsitānaṃyeva hi aṭṭhakavaggādisaṅgahitānaṃ gāthānaṃ niddesamattaṃ dhammasenāpatinā kataṃ. Atthavibhajanatthaṃ ānītāpi hi tā aṭṭhakavaggādisaṅgahitā niddisitabbā mūlagāthāyo suttanipātapariyāpannattā aññāyevāti na niddesasaṅkhyaṃ gacchanti ubhatovibhaṅgādīsu āgatāpi taṃ vohāramalabhamānā jātakādipariyāpannā gāthāyo viya, tasmā kāraṇantaramettha gavesitabbaṃ, yuttataraṃ vā gahetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nālakasuttaṃ</span> nāma dhammacakkappavattita divasato sattame divase nālakattherassa ‘‘moneyyaṃ te upaññissa’’ntiādinā (su. ni. 706) bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ moneyya paṭipadāparidīpakaṃ suttaṃ. <span class="bld">Tuvaṭṭakasuttaṃ</span> nāma mahāsamayasuttantadesanāya sannipatitesu devesu ‘‘kā nu kho arahattappattiyā paṭipattī’’ti uppannacittānaṃ ekaccānaṃ devatānaṃ tamatthaṃ pakāsetuṃ nimmitabuddhena attānaṃ pucchāpetvā ‘‘mūlaṃ papañcasaṅkhāyā’’tiādinā (su. ni. 922) bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ suttaṃ. Evamidha suttanipāte āgatānaṃ maṅgalasuttādīnaṃ suttaṅgasaṅgaho dassito, tattheva āgatānaṃ asuttanāmikānaṃ suddhikagāthānaṃ gāthaṅgasaṅgahañca dassayissati, evaṃ sati suttanipātaṭṭhakathārambhe –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Gāthāsatasamākiṇṇo, geyyabyākaraṇaṅkito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kasmā suttanipātoti, saṅkhamesa gatoti ce’’ti. (su. ni. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Sakalassāpi <a name="V1.0113"></a> suttanipātassa geyyaveyyākaraṇaṅgasaṅgaho kasmā coditoti? Nāyaṃ virodho. Kevalañhi tattha codakena sagāthakattaṃ, katthaci pucchāvissajjanattañca gahetvā codanāmattaṃ kataṃ, aññathā suttanipāte niggāthakassa suttasseva abhāvato veyyākaraṇaṅgasaṅgaho na codetabbo siyā, tasmā codakassa vacanametaṃ appamāṇanti idha, aññāsu ca vinayaṭṭhakathādīsu vuttanayeneva tassa <a name="M1.0128"></a> suttaṅgagāthaṅgasaṅgaho dassitoti. <span class="bld">Sutta</span>nti cuṇṇiyasuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Visesenā</span>ti rāsibhāvena ṭhitaṃ sandhāyāha. Sagāthāvaggo geyyanti sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Aṭṭhahi aṅgehi asaṅgahitaṃ nāma paṭisambhidādī’’ti tīsupi kira <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ. Apare pana paṭisambhidāmaggassa geyyaveyyākaraṇaṅgadvayasaṅgahaṃ vadanti. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">tadaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> ‘‘navasu satthusāsanaṅgesu yathāsambhavaṃ geyyaveyyākaraṇaṅgadvayasaṅgahita’’nti (paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā), etthāpi geyyaṅgasaṅgahitabhāvo vuttanayena vīmaṃsitabbo. <span class="bld">No suttanāmikā</span>ti asuttanāmikā saṅgītikāle suttasamaññāya apaññātā. ‘‘Suddhikagāthā nāma vatthugāthā’’ti tīsupi kira <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ, <span class="bld">vatthugāthā</span>ti ca pārāyanavaggassa nidānamāropentena āyasmatā ānandattherena saṅgītikāle vuttā chappaññāsa gāthāyo, nālakasuttassa nidānamāropentena teneva tadā vuttā vīsatimattā gāthāyo ca vuccanti. <span class="bld">Suttanipātaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> (su. ni. aṭṭha. 2.685) pana ‘‘parinibbute bhagavati saṅgītiṃ karontenāyasmatā mahākassapena tameva moneyyapaṭipadaṃ puṭṭho āyasmā ānando yena, yadā ca samādapito nālakatthero bhagavantaṃ pucchi, taṃ sabbaṃ pākaṭaṃ katvā dassetukāmo ‘ānandajāte’tiādikā (su. ni. 684) vīsati vatthugāthāyo vatvā vissajjesi, taṃ sabbampi ‘nālakasutta’’nti vuccatī’’ti āgatattā nālakasuttassa vatthugāthāyo nālakasuttaggahaṇeneva gahitāti pārāyanavaggassa vatthugāthāyo idha suddhikagāthāti gahetabbaṃ. Tattheva ca pārāyanavagge ajitamāṇavakādīnaṃ soḷasannaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ pucchāgāthā, bhagavato vissajjanagāthā ca pāḷiyaṃ suttanāmena avatvā ‘ajitamāṇavakapucchā, tissametteyyamāṇavakapucchā’’tiādinā (su. ni. 1038) āgatattā, cuṇṇiyaganthe hi asammissattā ca ‘‘no suttanāmikā suddhikagāthā nāmā’’ti vattuṃ vaṭṭati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Somanassañāṇamayikagāthāpaṭisaṃyuttā’’</span>ti etena udānaṭṭhena udānanti anvatthasaññataṃ dasseti (udā. aṭṭha. ganthārambhakathā) kimidaṃ udānaṃ nāma? Pītivegasamuṭṭhāpito udāhāro. Yathā hi yaṃ telādi minitabbavatthu mānaṃ gahetuṃ na sakkoti, vissanditvā gacchati, taṃ ‘‘avasesako’’ti vuccati. Yañca <a name="M1.0129"></a> jalaṃ taḷākaṃ gahetuṃ na sakkoti, ajjhottharitvā gacchati, taṃ ‘‘mahogho’ti vuccati, evameva yaṃ pītivegasamuṭṭhāpitaṃ vitakkavipphāraṃ antohadayaṃ sandhāretuṃ <a name="V1.0114"></a> na sakkoti, so adhiko hutvā anto asaṇṭhahitvā bahi vacīdvārena nikkhanto paṭiggāhakanirapekkho udāhāraviseso ‘‘udāna’’nti vuccati (udā. aṭṭha. ganthārambhakathā) ‘‘uda mode kīḷāyañcā’’ti hi <span class="bld">akkharacintakā</span> vadanti, idañca yebhuyyena vuttaṃ dhammasaṃvegavasena uditassāpi ‘‘sace bhāyatha dukkhassā’’tiādiudānassa (udā. 44) <span class="bld">udānapāḷiyaṃ</span> āgatattā, tathā‘‘gāthāpaṭisaṃyuttā’’ti idampi yebhuyyeneva ‘‘atthi bhikkhave, tadāyatanaṃ, yattha neva pathavī, na āpo’’tiādikassa (udā. 71) cuṇṇiyavākyavasena uditassāpi tattha āgatattā. Nanu ca udānaṃ nāma pītisomanassasamuṭṭāpito, dhammasaṃvegasamuṭṭhāpito vā dhammapaṭiggāhakanirapekkho gāthābandhavasena, cuṇṇiyavākyavasena ca pavatto udāhāro, tathā ceva sabbattha āgataṃ, idha kasmā ‘‘bhikkhave’’ti āmantanaṃ vuttanti? Tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ saññāpanatthaṃ eva, na paṭiggāhakakaraṇatthaṃ. Nibbānapaṭisaṃyuttañhi bhagavā dhammaṃ desetvā nibbānaguṇānussaraṇena uppannapītisomanassena udānaṃ udānento ‘‘ayaṃ nibbānadhammo kathamapaccayo upalabbhatī’’ti tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ cetoparivitakkamaññāya tesaṃ tamatthaṃ ñāpetukāmena ‘‘tadāyatana’’nti vuttaṃ, na pana ekantato te paṭiggāhake katvāti veditabbanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tayidaṃ sabbaññubuddhabhāsitaṃ paccekabuddhabhāsitaṃ sāvakabhāsitanti tibbidhaṃ hoti. Tattha paccekabuddhabhāsitaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbesu bhūtesu nidhāya daṇḍaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Aviheṭhayaṃ aññatarampi tesa’’nti. ādinā (su. ni. 35) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Khaggavisāṇasutte āgataṃ. Sāvakabhāsitampi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbo <a name="M1.0130"></a> rāgo pahīno me,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sabbo doso samūhato;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Sabbo me vihato moho,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sītibhūtosmi nibbuto’’ti. ādinā (theragā. 79) –</p>
<p class="unindented"><span class="bld">Theragāthāsu</span><a name="V1.0115"></a>,</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kāyena saṃvutā āsiṃ, vācāya uda cetasā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samūlaṃ taṇhamabbuyha, sītibhūtāmhi nibbutā’’ti. (therīgā. 15); –</p>
<p class="unindented"><span class="bld">Therīgāthāsu</span> ca āgataṃ. Aññānipi sakkādīhi devehi bhāsitāni ‘‘aho dānaṃ paramadānaṃ, kassape suppatiṭṭhita’’ntiādīni (udā. 27). Soṇadaṇḍabrāhmaṇādīhi manussehi ca bhāsitāni ‘‘namo tassa bhagavato’’tiādīni (dī. ni. 2.371; ma. ni. 1.290; 2.290, 357; saṃ. ni. 1187; 2.38; a. ni. 5.194) tisso saṅgītiyo āruḷhāni udānāni santi eva, tāni sabbānipi idha na adhippetāni. Yaṃ pana sammāsambuddhena sāmaṃ āhaccabhāsitaṃ jinavacanabhūtaṃ, tadeva dhammasaṅgāhakehi ‘‘udāna’’nti saṅgītaṃ, tadeva ca sandhāya bhagavatā pariyattidhammaṃ navadhā vibhajitvā uddisantena ‘‘udāna’’nti vuttaṃ. Yā pana ‘‘anekajātisaṃsāra’’ntiādikā (dha. pa. 153) gāthā bhagavatā bodhimūle udānavasena pavattitā, anekasatasahassānaṃ sammāsambuddhānaṃ udānabhūtā ca, tā aparabhāge dhammabhaṇḍāgārikassa bhagavatā desitattā dhammasaṅgāhakehi <span class="bld">udānapāḷiyaṃ</span> saṅgahaṃ anāropetvā <span class="bld">dhammapade</span> saṅgahitā, yañca ‘‘aññāsi vata bho koṇḍañño aññāsi vata bho koṇḍañño’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1081; mahāva. 17; paṭi. ma. 2.30) udānavacanaṃ dasasahassilokadhātuyā devamanussānaṃ pavedanasamatthanigghosavipphāraṃ bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ, tadapi paṭhamabodhiyaṃ sabbesaṃ eva bhikkhūnaṃ sammāpaṭipattipaccavekkhaṇahetukaṃ ‘‘ārādhayiṃsu vata maṃ bhikkhū ekaṃ samaya’’ntiādivacanaṃ (ma. ni. 1.225) viya dhammacakkappavattanasuttantadesanāpariyosāne attanāpi adhigatadhammekadesassa yathādesitassa ariyamaggassa sabbapaṭhamaṃ sāvakesu therena adhigatattā attano parissamassa saphalabhāvapaccavekkhaṇahetutaṃ pītisomanassajanitaṃ <a name="M1.0131"></a> udāhāramattaṃ, na pana ‘‘yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā’’tiādivacanaṃ viya (mahāva. 1; udā. 1) pavattiyā, nivattiyā vā pakāsananti dhammasaṅgāhakehi <span class="bld">udānapāḷiyaṃ</span> na saṅgītanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Udānapāḷiyaṃ</span> pana aṭṭhasu vaggesu dasa dasa katvā asītiyeva suttantā saṅgītā. Tathā hi <span class="bld">tadaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Asītiyeva suttantā, vaggā aṭṭha samāsato’’ti. (Udā. aṭṭha. ganthārambhakathā).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idha <a name="V1.0116"></a> pana ‘‘dveasīti suttantā’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ udānapāḷiyā na sameti, tasmā ‘‘asīti suttantā’’ti pāṭhena bhavitabbaṃ. Apica na kevalaṃ idheva, atha kho aññāsupi (vi. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā) vinayābhidhammaṭṭhakathāsu (dha. saṃ. nidānakathā) tathāyeva vuttattā ‘‘appakaṃ pana ūnamadhikaṃ vā gaṇanūpagaṃ na hotī’’ti pariyāyena anekaṃsena vuttaṃ siyā. Yathā vā tathā vā anumānena gaṇanameva hi tattha tattha ūnādhikasaṅkhyā, itarathā tāyeva na siyuntipi vadanti, pacchā pamādalekhavacanaṃ vā etaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatātiādinayappavattāti</span> ettha <span class="bld">ādi</span>saddena ‘‘vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ. Ekadhammaṃ bhikkhave, pajahatha, ahaṃ vo pāṭibhogo anāgāmitāya. Katamaṃ ekadhammaṃ? Lobhaṃ bhikkhave, ekadhammaṃ pajahatha, ahaṃ vo pāṭibhogo anāgāmitāyā’’ti (itivu. 1) evamādinā ekadukatikacatukkanipātavasena vuttaṃ dvādasuttarasatasuttasamūhaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Tathā hi itivuttakapāḷiyameva udānagāthāhi dvādasuttarasatasuttāni gaṇetvā saṅgītāni, <span class="bld">tadaṭṭhakathāya</span>mpi (itivu. aṭṭha. nidānavaṇṇanā) tathāyeva vuttaṃ. Tasmā ‘‘dvādasuttarasatasuttantā’’ icceva pāṭhena bhavitabbaṃ, yathāvuttanayena vā anekaṃsato vuttantipi vattuṃ sakkā, tathāpi īdise ṭhāne pamāṇaṃ dassentena yāthāvatova niyametvā dassetabbanti ‘‘dasuttarasatasuttantā’’ti idaṃ pacchā pamādalekhamevāti gahetabbanti vadanti. Iti evaṃ bhagavatā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">itivuttaṃ.</span> Itivuttanti saṅgītaṃ <span class="bld">itivuttakaṃ.</span> Ruḷhināmaṃ vā etaṃ yathā ‘‘yevāpanakaṃ, natumhākavaggo’’ti, vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutanti nidānavacanena saṅgītaṃ yathāvuttasuttasamūhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Jātaṃ <a name="M1.0132"></a> bhūtaṃ purāvutthaṃ bhagavato pubbacaritaṃ kāyati katheti pakāseti etenāti <span class="bld">jātakaṃ,</span> taṃ pana imānīti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘apaṇṇakajātakādīnī’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">‘‘paññāsādhikāni pañcajātakasatānī’’</span>ti idaṃ appakaṃ pana ūnamadhikaṃ vā gaṇanūpagaṃ na hotīti katvā anekaṃsena, vohārasukhatāmattena ca vuttaṃ. Ekaṃsato hi sattacattālīsādhikāniyeva yathāvuttagaṇanato tīhi ūnattā. Tathā hi ekanipāte paññāsasataṃ, dukanipāte sataṃ, tikanipāte paññāsa, tathā catukkanipāte, pañcakanipāte pañcavīsa, chakkanipāte vīsa, sattanipāte ekavīsa, aṭṭhanipāte dasa, navanipāte dvādasa, dasanipāte soḷasa, ekādasanipāte nava, dvādasanipāte dasa, tathā terasanipāte, pakiṇṇakanipāte terasa, vīsatinipāte cuddasa, tiṃsanipāte dasa, cattālīsanipāte pañca, paṇṇāsanipāte tīṇi, saṭṭhinipāte <a name="V1.0117"></a> dve, tathā sattatinipāte, asītinipāte pañca, mahānipāte dasāti sattacattālīsādhikāneva pañca jātakasatāni saṅgītānīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Abbhuto dhammo sabhāvo vutto yatthāti <span class="bld">abbhutadhammaṃ,</span> taṃ panidanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘cattārome’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>saddena cettha –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Cattārome bhikkhave, acchariyā abbhutā dhammā ānande. Katame cattāro? Sace bhikkhave, bhikkhuparisā ānandaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamati, dassanenapi sā attamanā hoti. Tatra ce ānando, dhammaṃ bhāsati, bhāsitenapi sā attamanā hoti, atittāva bhikkhave bhikkhuparisā hoti, atha ānando tuṇhī bhavati. Sace bhikkhave, bhikkhunīparisā…pe… upāsakaparisā…pe… upāsikā – parisā…pe… tuṇhī bhavati. Ime kho bhikkhave…pe… ānande’’ti (a. ni. 4.129) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādinayappavattaṃ tattha tattha bhāsitaṃ sabbampi acchariyabbhutadhammapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ suttantaṃ saṅgaṇhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Cūḷavedallādīsu (ma. ni. 1.460) visākhena nāma upāsakena puṭṭhāya dhammadinnāya nāma bhikkhuniyā bhāsitaṃ suttaṃ <span class="bld">cūḷavedallaṃ</span> nāma. Mahākoṭṭhikattherena pucchitena āyasmatā <span class="bld">sāriputtattherena</span> bhāsitaṃ <span class="bld">mahāvedallaṃ</span> (ma. ni. 1.449) nāma. <span class="bld">Sammādiṭṭhisutta</span>mpi <a name="M1.0133"></a> (ma. ni. 1.89) bhikkhūhi puṭṭhena teneva bhāsitaṃ, etāni majjhimanikāyapariyāpannāni. <span class="bld">Sakkapañhaṃ</span> (dī. ni. 2.344) pana sakkena puṭṭho bhagavā abhāsi, taṃ dīghanikāyapariyāpannaṃ. <span class="bld">Mahāpuṇṇamasuttaṃ</span> (ma. ni. 3.85) pana tadahuposathe pannarase puṇṇamāya rattiyā aññatarena bhikkhunā puṭṭhena bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ, taṃ majjhimanikāyapariyāpannaṃ. Evamādayo <span class="bld">sabbepi</span> tattha tatthāgatā <span class="bld">vedañca tuṭṭhiñca laddhā laddhā pucchitasuttantā ‘‘vedalla’’nti veditabbaṃ.</span> <span class="bld">Veda</span>nti ñāṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Tuṭṭhi</span>nti yathābhāsitadhammadesanaṃ viditvā ‘‘sādhu ayye sādhāvuso’’tiādinā abbhanumodanavasappavattaṃ pītisomanassaṃ. <span class="bld">Laddhā laddhā</span>ti labhitvā labhitvā, punappunaṃ labhitvāti vuttaṃ hoti, etena <span class="bld">veda</span>saddo ñāṇe, somanasse ca ekasesanayena, sāmaññaniddesena vā pavattati, vedamhi nissitaṃ tassa labhāpanavasenāti <span class="bld">vedalla</span>nti ca dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="V1.0118"></a> aṅgavasena sakalampi buddhavacanaṃ vibhajitvā idāni dhammakkhandhavasena vibhajitukāmo <span class="bld">‘‘katha’’</span>ntiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">dhammakkhandhavasenā</span>ti dhammarāsivasena. <span class="bld">‘‘Dvāsītī’’</span>ti ayaṃ gāthā vuttatthāva. <span class="bld">Evaṃ paridīpitadhammakkhandhavasenā</span>ti gopakamoggallānena nāma brāhmaṇena puṭṭhena gopaka<span class="bld">moggallānasutte</span> (ma. ni. 3.79) attano guṇappakāsanatthaṃ vā <span class="bld">theragāthāyaṃ</span> (theragā. 1017 ādayo) āyasmatā ānandattherena samantato dīpitadhammakkhandhavasena iminā evaṃ tena aparidīpitāpi dhammakkhandhā santīti pakāseti, tasmā kathāvatthuppakaraṇa <span class="bld">mādhuriyasuttādīnaṃ</span> (ma. ni. 2.317) vimānavatthādīsu kesañci gāthānañca vasena caturāsītisahassatopi dhammakkhandhānaṃ adhikatā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca <span class="bld">subhasuttaṃ</span> (dī. ni. 1.444), <span class="bld">gopakamoggallānasuttañca</span> parinibbute bhagavati ānandattherena bhāsitattā caturāsītidhammakkhandhasahassesu antogadhaṃ hoti, na hotīti? <span class="bld">Paṭisambhidāgaṇṭhipade</span> tāva idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘sayaṃ vuttadhammakkhandhānampi bhikkhuto gahiteyeva saṅgahetvā evamāhāti daṭṭhabba’’nti, bhagavatā pana dinnanaye ṭhatvā bhāsitattā ‘‘sayaṃ vuttampi cetaṃ suttadvayaṃ bhagavato gahiteyeva saṅgahetvā vutta’’nti evampi vattuṃ yuttataraṃ viya dissati. Bhagavatā hi dinnanaye ṭhatvā sāvakā dhammaṃ desenti, teneva sāvakabhāsitampi kathāvatthādikaṃ buddhabhāsitaṃ nāma jātaṃ<a name="M1.0134"></a>, tatoyeva ca attanā bhāsitampi subhasuttādikaṃ saṅgītimāropentena āyasmatā ānandattherena ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’nti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ekānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ</span> satipaṭṭhānādi. Satipaṭṭhānasuttañhi ‘‘ekāyano ayaṃ bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 2.373; ma. ni. 1.106; saṃ. ni. 3.367-384) cattāro satipaṭṭhāne ārabhitvā tesaṃyeva vibhāgadassanavasena pavattattā ‘‘ekānusandhika’’nti vuccati. <span class="bld">Anekānusandhikaṃ</span> parinibbānasuttādi (dī. ni. 2.131 ādayo) parinibbānasuttañhi nānāṭhānesu nānādhammadesanānaṃ vasena pavattattā ‘‘anekānusandhika’’nti vuccati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kati chinde kati jahe, kati cuttari bhāvaye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kati saṅgātigo bhikkhu, ‘oghatiṇṇo’ti vuccatī’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.5); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādinā pañhāpucchanaṃ gāthābandhesu eko dhammakkhandho.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pañca <a name="V1.0119"></a> chinde pañca jahe, pañca cuttari bhāvaye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pañca saṅgātigo bhikkhu, ‘oghatiṇṇo’ti vuccatī’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.5); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamādinā ca vissajjanaṃ eko dhammakkhandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tikadukabhājanaṃ</span> dhammasaṅgaṇiyaṃ nikkhepakaṇḍaaṭṭhakathākaṇḍavasena gahetabbaṃ. Tasmā yaṃ <span class="bld">kusalattikamātikāpadassa</span> (dha. sa. 1) vibhajanavasena <span class="bld">nikkhepakaṇḍe</span> vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Katame dhammā kusalā? Tīṇi kusalamūlāni…pe… ime dhammā kusalā. Katame dhammā akusalā? Tīṇi akusalamūlāni…pe… ime dhammā akusalā. Katame dhammā abyākatā’’? Kusalākusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ vipākā…pe… ime dhammā abyākatā’’ti (dha. sa. 187),</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayameko dhammakkhandho. Esa nayo sesattikadukapadavibhajanesupi. Yadapi <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathākaṇḍe</span> vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Katame dhammā kusalā? Catūsu bhūmīsu kusalaṃ. Ime dhammā kusalā. Katame dhammā akusalā? Dvādasa akusalacittuppādā. Ime dhammā akusalā. Katame dhammā abyākatā? Catūsu <a name="M1.0135"></a> bhūmīsu vipāko tīsu bhūmīsu kiriyābyākataṃ rūpañca nibbānañca. Ime dhammā abyākatā’’ti (dha. sa. 1386),</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ kusalattikamātikāpadassa vibhajanavasena pavatto eko dhammakkhandho. Esa nayo sesesupi. <span class="bld">Cittavārabhājanaṃ</span> pana <span class="bld">cittuppādakaṇḍa</span> vasena (dha. sa. 1) gahetabbaṃ. Yañhi tattha vuttaṃ kusalacittavibhajanatthaṃ –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Katame dhammā kusalā? Yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti somanassasahagataṃ ñāṇasampayuttaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ vā…pe… tasmiṃ samaye phasso hoti…pe… avikkhepo hotī’’ti (dha. sa. 1),</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayameko <a name="V1.0120"></a> dhammakkhandho. Evaṃ sesacittavāravibhajanesu. <span class="bld">Eko dhammakkhandho</span>ti (ekameko dhammakkhandho chaḷa aṭṭha.) ca ekeko dhammakkhandhoti attho. ‘‘Ekamekaṃ tikadukabhājanaṃ, ekamekaṃ cittavārabhājana’’nti ca vacanato hi ‘‘ekeko’’ti avuttepi ayamattho sāmatthiyato viññāyamānova hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vatthu</span> nāma sudinnakaṇḍādi. <span class="bld">Mātikā</span> nāma ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno’’tiādinā (pārā. 44) tasmiṃ tasmiṃ ajjhācāre paññattaṃ uddesa sikkhāpadaṃ. <span class="bld">Padabhājaniya</span>nti tassa tassa sikkhāpadassa ‘‘yo panāti yo yādiso’’tiādi (pārā. 45) nayappavattaṃ padavibhajanaṃ. <span class="bld">Antarāpattī</span>ti ‘‘paṭilātaṃ ukkhipati, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti (pāci. 355) evamādinā sikkhāpadantaresu paññattā āpatti. <span class="bld">Āpattī</span>ti taṃtaṃsikkhāpadānurūpaṃ vutto tikacchedamutto āpattivāro. <span class="bld">Anāpattī</span>ti ‘‘anāpatti ajānantassa asādiyantassa khittacittassa vedanāṭṭassa ādikammikassā’’tiādi (pārā. 66) nayappavatto anāpattivāro. <span class="bld">Tikacchedo</span>ti ‘‘dasāhātikkante atikkantasaññī nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ, dasāhātikkante vematiko…pe… dasāhātikkante anatikkantasaññī nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti (pārā. 468) evamādinayappavatto tikapācittiya-tika-dukkaṭādibhedo tikaparicchedo. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tesu vatthumātikādīsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M1.0136"></a> anekanayasamalaṅkataṃ saṅgītippakāraṃ dassetvā ‘‘ayaṃ dhammo, ayaṃ vinayo…pe… imāni caturāsīti dhammakkhandhasahassānī’’ti buddhavacanaṃ dhammavinayādibhedena vavatthapetvā saṅgāyantena mahākassapappamukhena vasīgaṇena anekacchariyapātubhāvapaṭimaṇḍitāya saṅgītiyā imassa dīghāgamassa dhammabhāvo, majjhimabuddhavacanādibhāvo ca vavatthāpitoti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘evameta’’</span>ntiādimāha. Sādhāraṇavacanena dassitepi hi ‘‘yadatthaṃ saṃvaṇṇetuṃ idamārabhati, soyeva padhānavasena dassito’’ti ācariyehi ayaṃ sambandho vutto. Aparo nayo – heṭṭhā vuttesu ekavidhādibhedabhinnesu pakāresu dhammavinayādibhāvo saṅgītikārake heva saṅgītikāle vavatthāpito, na pacchā kappanamattasiddhoti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘evameta’’</span>ntiādimāhātipi vattabbo. Na kevalaṃ yathāvuttappakārameva vavatthāpetvā saṅgītaṃ, atha kho aññampīti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘na kevalañcā’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Udānasaṅgaho</span> nāma paṭhamapārājikādīsu āgatānaṃ vinītavatthuādīnaṃ saṅkhepato saṅgahadassanavasena dhammasaṅgāhakehi ṭhapitā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Makkaṭī <a name="V1.0121"></a> vajjiputtā ca, gihī naggo ca titthiyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dārikuppalavaṇṇā ca, byañjanehi pare duve’’ti. ādikā (pārā. 66); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Gāthāyo. Vuccamānassa hi vuttassa vā atthassa vippakiṇṇabhāvena pavattituṃ adatvā uddhaṃ dānaṃ rakkhaṇaṃ <span class="bld">udānaṃ,</span> saṅgahavacananti attho. Sīlakkhandhavaggamūlapariyāyavaggādivasena <span class="bld">vaggasaṅgaho. Vaggo</span>ti hi dhammasaṅgāhakeheva katā suttasamudāyassa samaññā. Uttarimanussapeyyālanīlapeyyālādivasena <span class="bld">peyyālasaṅgaho.</span> Pātuṃ rakkhituṃ, vitthārituṃ vā alanti hi <span class="bld">peyyālaṃ,</span> saṅkhipitvā dassanavacanaṃ. Aṅguttaranikāyādīsu <span class="bld">nipātasaṅgaho,</span> gāthaṅgādivasena nipātanaṃ. Samudāyakaraṇañhi nipāto. Devatāsaṃyuttādivasena (saṃ. ni. 1.1) <span class="bld">saṃyuttasaṅgaho. </span> Vaggasamudāye eva dhammasaṅgāhakehi katā saṃyuttasamaññā. Mūlapaṇṇāsakādivasena <span class="bld">paṇṇāsasaṅgaho,</span> paññāsa paññāsa suttāni gaṇetvā saṅgahoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>saddena tassaṃ tassaṃ pāḷiyaṃ dissamānaṃ saṅgītikārakavacanaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Udānasaṅgaha…pe… paṇṇāsasaṅgahādīhi anekavidhaṃ tathā. <span class="bld">Sattahi māsehī</span>ti kiriyāpavagge tatiyā ‘‘ekāheneva <a name="M1.0137"></a> bārāṇasiṃ pāyāsi. Navahi māsehi vihāraṃ niṭṭhāpesī’’tiādīsu viya. Kiriyāya āsuṃ pariniṭṭhāpanañhi kiriyāpavaggo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tadā anekacchariyapātubhāvadassanena sādhūnaṃ pasādajananatthamāha <span class="bld">‘‘saṅgītipariyosāne cassā’’</span>tiādi. Assa buddhavacanassa saṅgītipariyosāne sañjātappamodā viya, sādhukāraṃ dadamānā viya ca saṅkampi…pe… pāturahesunti sambandho. <span class="bld">Viyā</span>ti hi ubhayattha yojetabbaṃ. Pavattane, pavattanāya vā samatthaṃ <span class="bld">pavattanasamatthaṃ. Udakapariyanta</span>nti pathavīsandhārakaudakapariyosānaṃ katvā, saha tena udakena, taṃ vā udakaṃ āhaccāti vuttaṃ hoti, tena ekadesakampanaṃ nivāreti. <span class="bld">Saṅkampī</span>ti uddhaṃ uddhaṃ gacchantī suṭṭhu kampi. <span class="bld">Sampakampī</span>ti uddhamadho ca gacchantī sammā pakārena kampi. <span class="bld">Sampavedhī</span>ti catūsu disāsu gacchantī suṭṭhu bhiyyo pavedhi. Evaṃ etena padattayena chappakāraṃ pathavīcalanaṃ dasseti. Atha vā puratthimato, pacchimato ca unnamanaonamanavasena <span class="bld">saṅkampi.</span> Uttarato, dakkhiṇato ca unnamanaonamanavasena <span class="bld">sampakampi.</span> Majjhimato, pariyantato ca unnamanaonamanavasena <span class="bld">sampavedhi.</span> Evampi chappakāraṃ pathavīcalanaṃ dasseti, yaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāsu</span> vuttaṃ –-</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Puratthimato unnamati pacchimato onamati, pacchimato unnamati puratthimato onamati, uttarato unnamati dakkhiṇato onamati, dakkhiṇato unnamati uttarato onamati<a name="V1.0122"></a>, majjhimato unnamati pariyantato onamati, pariyantato unnamati majjhimato onamatīti evaṃ chappakāraṃ…pe… akampitthā’’ti (bu. vaṃ. aṭṭha. 71).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Accharaṃ paharituṃ yuttāni <span class="bld">acchariyāni,</span> pupphavassacelukkhepādīni aññāyapi sā samaññāya pākaṭāti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘yā loke’’</span>tiādi. Yā paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti dhammasaṅgāhakehi mahākassapādīhi pañcahi satehi yena katā saṅgītā, tena pañca satāni etissāti <span class="bld">‘‘pañcasatā’’</span>ti ca thereheva katattā therā mahākassapādayo etissā, therehi vā katāti <span class="bld">‘‘therikā’’</span>ti ca loke pavuccati, ayaṃ paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti nāmāti sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M1.0138"></a> paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti dassetvā yadatthaṃ sā idha dassitā, idāni taṃ nidānaṃ nigamanavasena dassento <span class="bld">‘‘imissā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Ādinikāyassā</span>ti suttantapiṭakapariyāpannesu pañcasu nikāyesu ādibhūtassa dīghanikāyassa. Khuddakapariyāpanno hi vinayo paṭhamaṃ saṅgīto. Tathā hi vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘suttanta piṭake’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Tenā</span>ti tathāvuttattā, iminā yathāvuttapaṭhamamahāsaṅgītiyaṃ tathāvacanameva sandhāya mayā heṭṭhā evaṃ vuttanti pubbāparasambandhaṃ, yathāvuttavitthāravacanassa vā guṇaṃ dassetīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iti sumaṅgalavilāsiniyā dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāya paramasukhumagambhīraduranubodhatthaparidīpanāya suvimalavipulapaññāveyyattiyajananāya ajjavamaddavasoraccasaddhāsatidhitibuddhikhanti vīriyādidhammasamaṅginā sāṭṭhakathe piṭakattaye asaṅgāsaṃhīravisāradañāṇacārinā anekappabhedasakasamayasamayantaragahanajjhogāhinā mahāgaṇinā mahāveyyākaraṇena ñāṇābhivaṃsadhammasenāpatināmatherena mahādhammarājādhirājagarunā katāya sādhuvilāsiniyā nāma līnatthapakāsaniyā bāhiranidānavaṇṇanāya līnatthapakāsanā.</p>
<p class="centered">Nidānakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="chapter">1. Brahmajālasuttaṃ</p>
<p class="subhead">Paribbājakakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1"></a><span class="paranum">1</span>. Ettāvatā <a name="V1.0123"></a><a name="M1.0139"></a> ca paramasaṇhasukhumagambhīraduddasānekavidhanayasamalaṅkataṃ brahmajālassa sādhāraṇato bāhiranidānaṃ dassetvā idāni abbhantaranidānaṃ saṃvaṇṇento atthādhigamassa sunikkhittapadamūlakattā, sunikkhittapadabhāvassa ca ‘‘idameva’’nti sabhāvavibhāvanena padavibhāgena sādhetabbattā paṭhamaṃ tāva padavibhāgaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tattha eva’’</span>ntiādimāha. Padavibhāgena hi ‘‘idaṃ nāma etaṃ pada’’nti vijānanena taṃtaṃpadānurūpaṃ liṅgavibhatti vacana kālapayogādikaṃ sammāpatiṭṭhāpanato yathāvuttassa padassa sunikkhittatā hoti, tāya ca atthassa samadhigamiyatā. Yathāha ‘‘sunikkhittassa bhikkhave – padabyañjanassa atthopi sunayohotī’’tiādi. Apica sambandhato, padato, padavibhāgato, padatthato anuyogato, parihārato cāti chahākārehi atthavaṇṇanā kātabbā. Tattha <span class="bld">sambandho</span> nāma desanāsambandho, yaṃ lokiyā ‘‘ummugghāto’’tipi vadanti, so pana pāḷiyā nidānapāḷivasena, nidānapāḷiyā ca saṅgītivasena veditabbo. Paṭhamamahāsaṅgītiṃ dassentena hi nidānapāḷiyā sambandho dassito, tasmā padādivaseneva saṃvaṇṇanaṃ karonto <span class="bld">‘‘eva’’</span>ntiādimāha. Ettha ca <span class="bld">‘‘evanti nipātapada</span>ntiādinā padato, padavibhāgato ca saṃvaṇṇanaṃ karoti padānaṃ tabbisesānañca dassitattā. <span class="bld">Padavibhāgo</span>ti hi padānaṃ visesoyeva adhippeto, na padaviggaho. Padāni ca padavibhāgo ca <span class="bld">padavibhāgo.</span> Atha vā padavibhāgo ca padaviggaho ca <span class="bld">padavibhāgo</span>ti ekasesavasena padapadaviggahāpi padavibhāgasaddena vuttāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Padaviggahato pana ‘‘bhikkhūnaṃ saṅgho’’tiādinā upari saṃvaṇṇanaṃ karissati, tathā padatthānuyogaparihārehipi. <span class="bld">Eva</span>nti ettha luttaniddiṭṭhaiti-saddo ādiattho antarāsadda ca saddādīnampi saṅgahitattā, nayaggahaṇena vā te gahitā. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘metiādīni nāmapadānī’’</span>ti. Itarathā hi antarāsaddaṃ ca saddādīnampi nipātabhāvo vattabbo siyā. <span class="bld">Metiādīnī</span>ti ettha pana <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena yāva <a name="M1.0140"></a> paṭisaddo<a name="V1.0124"></a>, tāva tadavasiṭṭhāyeva saddā saṅgahitā. <span class="bld">Paṭīti upasaggapadaṃ</span> patisaddassa kāriyabhāvato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni atthuddhārakkamena padatthato saṃvaṇṇanaṃ karonto <span class="bld">‘‘atthato panā’’</span>tiādimāha. Imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne sotūnaṃ saṃvaṇṇanānayakosallatthaṃ saṃvaṇṇanāppakārā vattabbā. Kathaṃ?</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ekanāḷikā kathā ca, caturassā tathāpi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nisinnavattikā ceva, tidhā saṃvaṇṇanaṃ vade.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha pāḷiṃ vatvā ekekapadassa atthakathanaṃ ekāya nāḷiyā minitasadisattā, ekekaṃ vā padaṃ nāḷaṃ mūlaṃ, ekamekaṃ padaṃ vā nāḷikā atthaniggamanamaggo etissāti katvā <span class="bld">ekanāḷikā</span> nāma. Paṭipakkhaṃ dassetvā, paṭipakkhassa ca upamaṃ dassetvā, sapakkhaṃ dassetvā, sapakkhassa ca upamaṃ dassetvā, kathanaṃ catūhi bhāgehi vuttattā, cattāro vā rassā sallakkhaṇūpāyā etissāti katvā <span class="bld">caturassā</span> nāma, visabhāgadhammavaseneva pariyosānaṃ gantvā puna sabhāgadhammavaseneva pariyosānagamanaṃ nisīdāpetvā patiṭṭhāpetvā āvattanayuttattā, niyamato vā nisinnassa āraddhassa vatto saṃvatto etissāti katvā <span class="bld">nisinnavattikā</span> nāma, yathāraddhassa atthassa visuṃ visuṃ pariyosānāpi niyuttāti vuttaṃ hoti, sodāharaṇā pana kathā aṅguttaraṭṭhakathāya taṭṭīkāyaṃ ekādasanipāte gopālakasuttavaṇṇanāto gahetabbā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bhedakathā tatvakathā, pariyāyakathāpi ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Iti atthakkame vidvā, tidhā saṃvaṇṇanaṃ vade.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha pakatiādivicāraṇā <span class="bld">bhedakathā</span> yathā ‘‘bujjhatīti buddho’’tiādi. Sarūpavicāraṇā <span class="bld">tatvakathā</span> yathā ‘‘buddhoti yo so bhagavā sayambhū anācariyako’’tiādi (mahāni. 192; cūḷani. 97; paṭi. ma. 1.161). Vevacanavicāraṇā <span class="bld">pariyāyakathā</span> yathā ‘‘buddho bhagavā sabbaññū lokanāyako’’tiādi (netti. 38 vevacanāhāravibhaṅganissito pāḷi).</p>
<p class="gatha1">Payojanañca piṇḍattho, anusandhi ca codanā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Parihāro ca sabbattha, pañcadhā vaṇṇanaṃ vade.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="V1.0125"></a><a name="M1.0141"></a> <span class="bld">payojanaṃ</span> nāma desanāphalaṃ, taṃ pana sutamayañāṇādi. <span class="bld">Piṇḍattho</span> nāma vippakiṇṇassa atthassa suvijānanatthaṃ sampiṇḍetvā kathanaṃ. <span class="bld">Anusandhi</span> nāma pucchānusandhādi. <span class="bld">Codanā</span> nāma yathāvuttassa vacanassa virodhikathanaṃ. <span class="bld">Parihāro</span> nāma tassa avirodhikathanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ummugghāto padañceva, padattho padaviggaho;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Cālanā paccupaṭṭhānaṃ, chadhā saṃvaṇṇanaṃ vade. (vajira. ṭī. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītivaṇṇanā);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha ajjhattikādinidānaṃ <span class="bld">ummugghāto.</span> ‘‘Evamida’’nti nānāvidhena padavisesatākathanaṃ <span class="bld">padaṃ,</span> saddatthādhippāyatthādi <span class="bld">padattho.</span> Anekadhā nibbacanaṃ <span class="bld">padaviggaho.</span> <span class="bld">Cālanā</span> nāma codanā. <span class="bld">Paccupaṭṭhānaṃ</span> parihāro.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Samuṭṭhānaṃ padattho ca, bhāvānuvādavidhayo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Virodho parihāro ca, nigamananti aṭṭhadhā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">samuṭṭhāna</span>nti ajjhattikādinidānaṃ. <span class="bld">Padattho</span>ti adhippetānadhippetādivasena anekadhā padassa attho. <span class="bld">Bhāvo</span>ti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Anuvādavidhayo</span>ti paṭhamavacanaṃ <span class="bld">vidhi,</span> tadāvikaraṇavasena pacchā vacanaṃ <span class="bld">anuvādo,</span> visesanavisesyānaṃ vā <span class="bld">vidhānuvāda</span> samaññā. <span class="bld">Virodho</span>ti atthanicchayanatthaṃ codanā. <span class="bld">Parihāro</span>ti tassā sodhanā. <span class="bld">Nigamana</span>nti anusandhiyā anurūpaṃ appanā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ādito tassa nidānaṃ, vattabbaṃ tappayojanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha1">Piṇḍattho ceva padattho, sambandho adhippāyako;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Codanā sodhanā ceti, aṭṭhadhā vaṇṇanaṃ vade.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">sambandho</span> nāma pubbāparasambandho, yo ‘‘anusandhī’’ti vuccati. Sesā vuttatthāva, evamādinā tattha tatthāgate saṃvaṇṇanāppakāre ñatvā sabbattha yathārahaṃ vicetabbāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamanekatthappabhedatā payogatova ñātabbāti tabbasena taṃ samatthetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tathā hesā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Atha vā ayaṃ saddo imassatthassa vācakoti saṅketavavatthitāyeva saddā taṃ tadatthassa vācakā<a name="V1.0126"></a>, saṅketo ca nāma payogavasena siddhoti dassetumpi idaṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evamīdisesu. Nanu ca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yathāpi <a name="M1.0142"></a> puppharāsimhā, kayirā mālāguṇe bahū;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ jātena maccena, kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ bahu’’nti. (dha. pa. 53);</p>
<p class="unindented">Ettha evaṃ-saddena upamākārasseva vuttattā ākāratthoyeva evaṃ-saddo siyāti? Na, visesasabbhāvato. ‘‘Evaṃ byā kho’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 234, 396) hi ākāramattavācakoyeva ākāratthoti adhippeto, na pana ākāravisesavācako. Ettha hi kiñcāpi puppharāsisadisato manussūpapatti sappurisūpanissaya saddhammasavana yonisomanasikārabhogasampattiādidānādipuññakiriyāhetusamudāyato sobhāsugandhatādiguṇayogena mālāguṇasadisiyo bahukā puññakiriyā maritabbasabhāvatāya maccena sattena kattabbāti atthassa jotitattā puppharāsimālāguṇāva upamā nāma upamīyati etāyāti katvā, tesaṃ upamākāro ca yathāsaddena aniyamato jotito, tasmā ‘‘evaṃ-saddo niyamato upamākāranigamanattho’’ti vattuṃ yuttaṃ, tathāpi so upamākāro niyamiyamāno atthato upamāva hoti nissayabhūtaṃ tamantarena nissitabhūtassa upamākārassa alabbhamānattāti adhippāyenāha <span class="bld">‘‘upamāyaṃ āgato’’</span>ti. Atha vā upamīyanaṃ sadisīkaraṇanti katvā puppharāsimālāguṇehi sadisabhāvasaṅkhāto upamākāroyeva upamā nāma. ‘‘Saddhammattaṃ siyopamā’’ti hi vuttaṃ, tasmā ākāramattavācakova ākārattho evaṃ-saddo. Upamāsaṅkhātaākāravisesavācako pana upamātthoyevāti vuttaṃ ‘‘upamāyaṃ āgato’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā ‘‘evaṃ iminā ākārena abhikkamitabba’’ntiādinā upadisiyamānāya samaṇasāruppāya ākappasampattiyā upadisanākāropi atthato upadesoyevāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ…pe… upadese’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Evameta</span>nti ettha pana bhagavatā yathāvuttamatthaṃ aviparītato jānantehi kataṃ tattha saṃvijjamānaguṇānaṃ pakārehi haṃsanaṃ udaggatākaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">sampahaṃsanaṃ.</span> Tattha sampahaṃsanākāropi atthato sampahaṃsanamevāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sampahaṃsane</span>ti. <span class="bld">Evameva panāya</span>nti ettha ca dosavibhāvanena gārayhavacanaṃ <span class="bld">garahaṇaṃ,</span> tadākāropi atthato garahaṇaṃ nāma, tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘garahaṇe’’</span>ti <a name="M1.0143"></a> vuttaṃ. So cettha garahaṇākāro ‘‘vasalī’’tiādikhuṃsanasaddasannidhānato evaṃ-saddena pakāsitoti viññāyati, yathā cettha evaṃ upamākārādayopi upamādivasena vuttānaṃ puppharāsiādisaddānaṃ sannidhānatoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Jotakamattā hi nipātāti. <span class="bld">Evamevā</span>ti ca adhunā bhāsitākāreneva. Ayaṃ <a name="V1.0127"></a> vasalaguṇayogato vasalī kāḷakaṇṇī yasmiṃ vā tasmiṃ vā ṭhāne bhāsatīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Evaṃ bhante</span>ti sādhu bhante, suṭṭhu bhanteti vuttaṃ hoti. Ettha pana dhammassa sādhukaṃ savanamanasikāre sanniyojitehi bhikkhūhi tattha attano ṭhitabhāvassa paṭijānanameva <span class="bld">vacanasampaṭiggaho,</span> tadākāropi atthato vacanasampaṭiggahoyeva nāma, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘vacanasampaṭiggahe’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Evaṃ byā kho</span>ti evaṃ viya kho. Evaṃ khoti hi imesaṃ padānamantare viyasaddassa byāpadesoti neruttikā <span class="bld">‘‘va</span>-kārassa, ba-kāraṃ, ya-kārasaṃyogañca katvā dīghavasena padasiddhī’’tipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Ākāre</span>ti ākāramatte. <span class="bld">Appābādha</span>nti visabhāgavedanābhāvaṃ. <span class="bld">Appātaṅka</span>nti<span class="bld"> </span>kicchajīvitakararogābhāvaṃ.<span class="bld"> Lahuṭṭhāna</span>nti niggelaññatāya lahutāyuttaṃ uṭṭhānaṃ. <span class="bld">Bala</span>nti kāyabalaṃ. <span class="bld">Phāsuvihāra</span>nti catūsu iriyāpathesu sukhavihāraṃ. Vitthāro dasama <span class="bld">subhasuttaṭṭhakathāya</span> meva (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.445) āvi bhavissati. <span class="bld">Evañca vadehī</span>ti yathāhaṃ vadāmi, evampi samaṇaṃ ānandaṃ vadehi. <span class="bld">‘‘Sādhu kira bhava’’</span>ntiādikaṃ idāni vattabbavacanaṃ, so ca vadanākāro idha evaṃ-saddena nidassīyatīti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘nidassane’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Kālāmā</span>ti kālāmagottasambandhe jane ālapati. <span class="bld">‘‘Ime…pe… vā’’</span>ti yaṃ mayā vuttaṃ, taṃ kiṃ maññathāti attho. <span class="bld">Samattā</span>ti paripūritā. <span class="bld">Samādinnā</span>ti samādiyitā. Saṃvattanti vā no vā saṃvattanti ettha vacanadvaye kathaṃ vo tumhākaṃ mati hotīti yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Evaṃ no</span>ti evameva amhākaṃ mati ettha hoti, amhākamettha mati hoti yevātipi attho. Ettha ca tesaṃ yathāvuttadhammānaṃ ahitadukkhāvahabhāve sanniṭṭhānajananatthaṃ anumatiggahaṇavasena ‘‘saṃvattanti no vā, kathaṃ vo ettha hotī’’ti pucchāya katāya ‘‘evaṃ no ettha hotī’’ti vuttattā tadākārasanniṭṭhānaṃ evaṃ-saddena vibhāvitaṃ, so ca tesaṃ dhammānaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanākāro niyamiyamāno atthato <a name="M1.0144"></a> avadhāraṇamevāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘avadhāraṇe’’</span>ti. Ākāratthamaññatra sabbattha vuttanayena codanā, sodhanā ca veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ādi</span>saddena cettha idamatthapucchāparimāṇādiatthānaṃ saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. Tathā hi ‘‘evaṃgatāni, evaṃvidho, evamākāro’’ti ca ādīsu <span class="bld">idamatthe,</span> gatavidhākārasaddā pana pakārapariyāyā. Gatavidhayuttākārasadde hi lokiyā pakāratthe vadanti. ‘‘Evaṃ su te sunhātā suvilittā kappitakesamassū āmuttamaṇikuṇḍalābharaṇā odātavatthavasanā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitā samaṅgībhūtā paricārenti, seyyathāpi tvaṃ etarahi sācariyakoti? No hidaṃ bho gotamā’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.286) <span class="bld">pucchāyaṃ</span>. ‘‘Evaṃ lahuparivattaṃ (a. ni. 1.48), evamāyupariyanto’’ti <a name="V1.0128"></a> (pārā. 12) ca ādīsu <span class="bld">parimāṇe.</span> Etthāpi ‘‘sunhātā suvilittā’’tiādivacanaṃ pucchā, lahuparivattaṃ, āyūnaṃ pamāṇañca parimāṇaṃ, tadākāropi atthato pucchā ca parimāṇañca nāma, tasmā etesu pucchattho, parimāṇattho ca evaṃsaddo veditabboti. Idha pana so katamesu bhavati, sabbattha vā, aniyamato padese vāti codanāya <span class="bld">‘‘svāyamidhā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ekasmiṃyeva atthe siyā, kasmā tīsupīti ca, hotu tibbidhesu atthesu, kena kimatthaṃ dīpetīti ca anuyogaṃ pariharanto <span class="bld">‘‘tatthā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tesu tīsu atthesu. Ekattanānattaabyāpāraevaṃdhammatāsaṅkhātā, nandiyāvattatipukkhalasīhavikkīḷitaaṅkusadisālocanasaṅkhātā vā ādhārādibhedavasena nānāvidhā nayā <span class="bld">nānānayā,</span> pāḷigatiyo vā nayā, tā ca paññattianupaññatti ādivasena, saṅkhepavitthārādivasena, saṃkilesabhāgiyādilokiyāditadubhayavomissakādivasena, kusalādivasena, khandhādivasena, saṅgahādivasena, samayavimuttādivasena, ṭhapanādivasena, kusalamūlādivasena, tikapaṭṭhānādivasena ca piṭakattayānurūpaṃ nānāppakārāti <span class="bld">nānānayā.</span> Tehi <span class="bld">nipuṇaṃ</span> saṇhaṃ sukhumaṃ tathā. Āsayova <span class="bld">ajjhāsayo,</span> te ca sassatādibhedena, tattha ca apparajakkhatādivasena anekā, attajjhāsayādayo eva vā samuṭṭhānamuppattihetu etassāti tathā, upanetabbābhāvato atthabyañjane <a name="M1.0145"></a> hi sampannaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ tathā. Apica saṅkāsanapakāsanavivaraṇavibhajanauttānīkaraṇapaññattivasena chahi atthapadehi, akkharapadabyañjanaākāraniruttiniddesavasena chahi byañjanapadehi ca sampannaṃ samannāgataṃ tathā. Atha vā viññūnaṃ hadayaṅgamato, savane atittijananato, byañjanarasavasena paramagambhīrabhāvato, vicāraṇe atittijananato, attharasavasena ca sampannaṃ sādurasaṃ tathā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pāṭihāriyapadassa vacanatthaṃ ‘‘paṭipakkhaharaṇato rāgādikilesāpanayanato <span class="bld">pāṭihāriya’’</span>nti vadanti. Bhagavato pana paṭipakkhā rāgādayo na santi, ye haritabbā bodhimūleyeva savāsanasakalasaṃkilesānaṃ pahīnattā. Puthujjanānampi ca vigatūpakkilese aṭṭhaguṇasamannāgate citte hatapaṭipakkhe satiyeva iddhividhaṃ pavattati, tasmā puthujjanesu pavattavohārenapi na sakkā idha ‘‘pāṭihāriya’’nti vattuṃ, sace pana mahākāruṇikassa bhagavato veneyyagatāva kilesā paṭipakkhā saṃsārapaṅkanimuggassa sattanikāyassa samuddharitukāmato, tasmā tesaṃ veneyyagatakilesasaṅkhātānaṃ paṭipakkhānaṃ haraṇato pāṭihāriyanti vuttaṃ assa, evaṃ sati yuttametaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha <a name="V1.0129"></a> vā bhagavato sāsanassa paṭipakkhā titthiyā, tesaṃ titthiyabhūtānaṃ paṭipakkhānaṃ haraṇato pāṭihāriyantipi yujjati. Kāmañcettha titthiyā haritabbā nāssu, tesaṃ pana santānagatadiṭṭhiharaṇavasena diṭṭhippakāsane asamatthatākāraṇena ca iddhiādesanānusāsanīsaṅkhātehi tīhipi pāṭihāriyehi te haritā apanītā nāma honti. <span class="bld">Paṭī</span>ti vā ayaṃ saddo ‘‘pacchā’’ti etassa atthaṃ bodheti ‘‘tasmiṃ paṭipaviṭṭhamhi, añño āgañchi brāhmaṇo’’tiādīsu (su. ni. 985; cūḷani. 4) viya, tasmā samāhite citte vigatūpaklese katakiccena pacchā haritabbaṃ pavattetabbanti paṭihāriyaṃ, tadeva dīghavasena, sakatthavuttipaccayavasena vā <span class="bld">pāṭihāriyaṃ,</span> attano vā upaklesesu catutthajjhānamaggehi haritesu pacchā tadaññesaṃ haraṇaṃ <span class="bld">pāṭihāriyaṃ</span> vuttanayena. Iddhiādesanānusāsaniyo hi vigatūpaklesena, katakiccena ca sattahitatthaṃ puna pavattetabbā, hatesu ca attano upaklesesu parasattānaṃ upaklesaharaṇāni ca hontīti tadubhayampi nibbacanaṃ yujjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica <a name="M1.0146"></a> yathāvuttehi nibbacanehi iddhiādesanānusāsanīsaṅkhāto samudāyo paṭihāriyaṃ nāma. Ekekaṃ pana tasmiṃ bhavaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘pāṭihāriya’’</span>nti vuccati visesatthajotakapaccayantarena saddaracanāvisesasambhavato, paṭihāriyaṃ vā catutthajjhānaṃ, maggo ca paṭipakkhaharaṇato, tattha jātaṃ, tasmiṃ vā nimittabhūte, tato vā āgatanti <span class="bld">pāṭihāriyaṃ.</span> Vicitrā hi taddhitavutti. Tassa pana iddhiādesanānusāsanībhedena, visayabhedena ca bahuvidhassa bhagavato desanāya labbhamānattā <span class="bld">‘‘vividhapāṭihāriya</span>nti vuttaṃ. Bhagavā hi kadāci iddhivasenāpi desanaṃ karoti nimmitabuddhena saha pucchāvissajjanādīsu, kadāci ādesanāvasenāpi āmagandhabrāhmaṇassa dhammadesanādīsu (su. ni. aṭṭha. 1.241), yebhuyyena pana anusāsaniyā. Anusāsanīpāṭihāriyañhi buddhānaṃ satataṃ dhammadesanā. Iti taṃtaṃdesanākārena anekavidhapāṭihāriyatā desanāya labbhati. Ayamattho upari ekādasamassa kevaṭṭasuttassa vaṇṇanāya (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.481) āvi bhavissati. Atha vā tassa vividhassāpi pāṭihāriyassa bhagavato desanāya saṃsūcanato <span class="bld">‘‘vividhapāṭihāriya’’</span>nti vuttaṃ, anekavidhapāṭihāriyadassananti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dhammaniruttiyāva bhagavati dhammaṃ desente sabbesaṃ suṇantānaṃ nānābhāsitānaṃ taṃtaṃbhāsānurūpato desanā sotapathamāgacchatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sabba…pe… māgacchanta’’</span>nti. Sotameva <span class="bld">sotapatho,</span> savanaṃ vā <span class="bld">sotaṃ,</span> tassa patho tathā, sotadvāranti attho. <span class="bld">Sabbākārenā</span>ti yathādesitākārena. <span class="bld">Ko samattho viññātuṃ,</span> asamatthoyeva, tasmāti pāṭhaseso. <span class="bld">Panā</span>ti ekaṃsatthe<a name="V1.0130"></a>, tena saddhāsatidhitivīriyādibalasaṅkhātena <span class="bld">sabbathāmena</span> ekaṃseneva sotukāmatāsaṅkhātakusalacchandassa jananaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Janetvāpī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">pi</span>-saddo, <span class="bld">api</span>-saddo vā sambhāvanattho ‘‘buddhopi buddhabhāvaṃ bhāvetvā’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. aṭṭha 1; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 1; a. ni. aṭṭha 1.paṭhamaganthārambhakathā) viya, tena ‘‘sabbathāmena ekaṃseneva sotukāmataṃ janetvāpi nāma ekenākārena sutaṃ, kimaṅgaṃ pana aññathā’’ti tathāsute dhamme sambhāvanaṃ karoti. Keci pana ‘‘edisesu garahattho’’ti vadanti, tadayuttameva garahatthassa avijjamānattā, vijjamānatthasseva ca upasagganipātānaṃ jotakattā. ‘‘Nānānayanipuṇa’’ntiādinā <a name="M1.0147"></a> hi sabbappakārena sotumasakkuṇeyyabhāvena dhammassa idha sambhāvanameva karoti, tasmā ‘‘api dibbesu kāmesu, ratiṃ so nādhigacchatī’’tiādīsuyeva (dha. pa. 187) garahatthasambhavesu garahattho veditabboti. <span class="bld">Api</span>-saddo ca īdisesu ṭhānesu nipātoyeva, na upasaggo. Tathā hi ‘‘api-saddo ca nipātapakkhiko kātabbo, yattha kiriyāvācakato pubbo na hotī’’ti akkharacintakā vadanti. <span class="bld">Mayāpī</span>ti ettha pana na kevalaṃ mayāva, atha kho aññehipi tathārūpehīti sampiṇḍanattho gahetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sāmaṃ bhavatīti <span class="bld">sayambhū,</span> anācariyako. <span class="bld">Na mayaṃ idaṃ sacchikata</span>nti ettha pana ‘‘na attano ñāṇeneva attanā sacchikata’’nti pakaraṇato attho viññāyati. Sāmaññavacanassāpi hi sampayogavippayogasahacaraṇavirodhasaddantarasannidhānaliṅgaocityakāladesapakaraṇādivasena visesatthaggahaṇaṃ sambhavati. Evaṃ sabbattha. <span class="bld">Parimocento</span>ti ‘‘puna caparaṃ bhikkhave, idhekacco pāpabhikkhu tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā attano dahatī’’ti (pārā. 195) vuttadosato parimocāpanahetu. Hetvatthe hi anta-saddo ‘‘asambudhaṃ buddhanisevita’’ntiādīsu (vi. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā) viya. Imassa suttassa saṃvaṇṇanāppakāravicāraṇena attano ñāṇassa paccakkhataṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘idāni vattabba’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Esā hi saṃvaṇṇanākārānaṃ pakati, yadidaṃ saṃvaṇṇetabbadhamme sabbattha ‘‘ayamimassa attho, evamidha saṃvaṇṇayissāmī’’ti puretarameva saṃvaṇṇanāppakāravicāraṇā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etadaggapadassattho vuttova. <span class="bld">‘‘Bahussutāna’’</span>ntiādīsu pana aññepi therā bahussutā, satimanto, gatimanto, dhitimanto, upaṭṭhākā ca atthi, ayaṃ panāyasmā buddhavacanaṃ gaṇhanto dasabalassa sāsane bhaṇḍāgārikapariyattiyaṃ ṭhatvā gaṇhi, tasmā bahussutānaṃ aggo nāma jāto. Imassa ca therassa buddhavacanaṃ uggahetvā dhāraṇasati aññehi therehi balavatarā ahosi, tasmā satimantānaṃ aggo nāma jāto. Ayamevāyasmā ekapade ṭhatvā saṭṭhipadasahassāni <a name="V1.0131"></a> gaṇhanto satthārā kathitaniyāmena sabbapadāni jānāti, tasmā gatimantānaṃ aggo nāma jāto<a name="M1.0148"></a>. Tasseva cāyasmato buddhavacanaṃ uggaṇhanavīriyaṃ, sajjhāyanavīriyañca aññehi asadisaṃ ahosi, tasmā dhitimantānaṃ aggo nāma jāto. Tathāgataṃ upaṭṭhahanto cesa na aññesaṃ upaṭṭhākabhikkhūnaṃ upaṭṭhahanākārena upaṭṭhahati. Aññepi hi tathāgataṃ upaṭṭhahiṃsu, na ca pana buddhānaṃ manaṃ gahetvā upaṭṭhahituṃ sakkonti, ayaṃ pana thero upaṭṭhākaṭṭhānaṃ laddhadivasato paṭṭhāya āraddhavīriyo hutvā tathāgatassa manaṃ gahetvā upaṭṭhahi, tasmā upaṭṭhākānaṃ aggo nāma jāto. <span class="bld">Atthakusalo</span>ti bhāsitatthe, payojanatthe ca cheko. <span class="bld">Dhammo</span>ti pāḷidhammo, nānāvidho vā hetu. <span class="bld">Byañjana</span>nti akkharaṃ atthassa byañjanato. Padena hi byañjitopi attho akkharamūlakattā padassa ‘‘akkharena byañjito’’ti vuccati. Atthassa viyañjanato vā vākyampi idha <span class="bld">byañjanaṃ</span> nāma. Vākyena hi attho paripuṇṇaṃ byañjīyati, yato ‘‘byañjanehi vivaratī’’ti āyasmatā mahākaccāyanattherena vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Niruttī</span>ti nibbacanaṃ, pañcavidhā vā niruttinayā. Tesampi hi saddaracanāvisesena atthādhigamahetuto idha gahaṇaṃ yujjati. <span class="bld">Pubbāparaṃ</span> nāma pubbāparānusandhi, suttassa vā pubbabhāgena aparabhāgassa saṃsandanaṃ. Bhagavatā ca pañcavidhaetadaggaṭṭhānena dhammasenāpatinā ca pañcavidhakosallena pasaṭṭhabhāvānurūpanti sambandho. <span class="bld">Dhāraṇabala</span>nti dhāraṇasaṅkhātaṃ balaṃ, dhāraṇe vā balaṃ, ubhayatthāpi dhāretuṃ sāmatthiyanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Dassento</span> hutvā, dassanahetūtipi attho. <span class="bld">Tañca kho atthato vā byañjanato vā anūnamanadhika</span>nti avadhāraṇaphalamāha. <span class="bld">Na aññathā daṭṭhabba</span>nti pana nivattetabbatthaṃ. <span class="bld">Na aññathā</span>ti ca bhagavato sammukhā sutākārato na aññathā, na pana bhagavatā desitākārato. Acinteyyānubhāvā hi bhagavato desanā, evañca katvā ‘‘sabbappakārena ko samattho viññātu’’nti heṭṭhā vuttavacanaṃ samatthitaṃ hoti, itarathā bhagavatā desitākāreneva sotuṃ samatthattā tadetaṃ na vattabbaṃ siyā. Yathāvuttena pana atthena dhāraṇabaladassanañca na virujjhati sutākārāvirujjhanavasena dhāraṇassa adhippetattā, aññathā bhagavatā desitākāreneva dhārituṃ samatthanato heṭṭhā vuttavacanena virujjheyya. Na hettha dvinnaṃ atthānaṃ atthantaratāparihāro yutto tesaṃ dvinnampi atthānaṃ sutabhāvadīpanena ekavisayattā, itarathā thero bhagavato desanāya sabbathā paṭiggahaṇe pacchimatthavasena samattho, purimatthavasena ca asamatthoti āpajjeyyāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Yo <a name="M1.0149"></a> paro na hoti, so attā’’ti vuttāya niyakajjhattasaṅkhātāya santatiyā pavattanako tividhopi me-saddo, tasmā kiñcāpi niyakajjhattasantativasena ekasmiṃ yevatthe me-saddo dissati, tathāpi karaṇasampadānasāminiddesavasena vijjamānavibhattibhedaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tīsu atthesu dissatī’’</span>ti, tīsu vibhattiyatthesu attanā saññuttavibhattito dissatīti attho<a name="V1.0132"></a>. <span class="bld">Gāthābhigīta</span>nti gāthāya abhigītaṃ abhimukhaṃ gāyitaṃ. <span class="bld">Abhojaneyya</span>nti bhojanaṃ kātumanaraharūpaṃ. Abhigītapadassa kattupekkhattā mayāti attho. Evaṃ sesesupi yathārahaṃ. Sutasaddassa kammabhāvasādhanavasena dvādhippāyikapadattā yathāyogaṃ ‘‘mayā suta’’nti ca ‘‘mama suta’’nti ca atthadvaye yujjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiñcāpi upasaggo kiriyaṃ viseseti, jotakamattabhāvato pana satipi tasmiṃ sutasaddoyeva taṃ taṃ atthaṃ vadatīti anupasaggassa sutasaddassa atthuddhāre saupasaggassa gahaṇaṃ na virujjhatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘saupasaggo ca anupasaggo cā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti sutasaddassa. Upasaggavasenapi dhātusaddo visesatthavācako yathā ‘‘anubhavati parābhavatī’’ti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘gacchantoti attho’’</span>ti. Tathā anupasaggopi dhātusaddo saupasaggo viya visesatthavācakoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘vissutadhammassāti attho’’</span>ti. Evamīdisesu. <span class="bld">Sotaviññeyya</span>nti sotadvāranissitena viññāṇena viññātabbaṃ, sasambhārakathā vā esā, sotadvārena viññātabbanti attho. <span class="bld">Sotadvārānusāraviññātadharo</span>ti sotadvārānusārena manoviññāṇena viññātadhammadharo. Na hi sotadvāranissitaviññāṇamattena dhammo viññāyati, atha kho tadanusāramanoviññāṇeneva, <span class="bld">sutadharo</span>ti ca tathā viññātadhammadharo vutto, tasmā tadatthoyeva sambhavatīti evaṃ vuttaṃ. Kammabhāvasādhanāni sutasadde sambhavantīti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘idha panā’’</span>tiādimāha. Pubbāparapadasambandhavasena atthassa upapannatā, anupapannatā ca viññāyati, tasmā sutasaddasseva vasena ayamattho ‘‘upapanno, anupapanno’’ti vā na viññātabboti codanāya pubbāparapadasambandhavasena etadatthassa upapannataṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘me-saddassa hī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Mayāti atthe satī</span>ti kattutthe karaṇaniddesavasena mayāti atthe vattabbe sati, yadā me-saddassa kattuvasena karaṇaniddeso, tadāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Mamāti atthe satī</span>ti sambandhīyatthe sāminiddesavasena <a name="M1.0150"></a> mamāti atthe vattabbe sati, yadā sambandhavasena sāmi niddeso, tadāti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ saddato ñātabbamatthaṃ viññāpetvā idāni tehi dassetabbamatthaṃ nidassento <span class="bld">‘‘evametesū’’</span>tiādimāha. Sutasaddasannidhāne payuttena <span class="bld">evaṃ</span>-saddena savanakiriyājotakeneva bhavitabbaṃ vijjamānatthassa jotakamattattā nipātānanti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘evanti sotaviññāṇādiviññāṇakiccanidassana’’</span>nti. Savanāya eva hi ākāro, nidassanaṃ, avadhāraṇampi, tasmā yathāvutto evaṃ-saddassa tividhopi attho savanakiriyājotakabhāvena idhādhippetoti. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena cettha sampaṭicchanādīnaṃ sotadvārikaviññāṇānaṃ, tadabhinipātānañca manodvārika <a name="V1.0133"></a> viññāṇānaṃ gahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ, yato sotadvārānusāraviññātatthe idha sutasaddoti vutto. Avadhāraṇaphalattā saddapayogassa sabbampi vākyaṃ antogadhāvadhāraṇaṃ, tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘suta’’</span>nti etassa sutamevāti ayamattho labbhatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘assavanabhāvapaṭikkhepato’’</span>ti. Etena hi vacanena avadhāraṇena nirākataṃ dasseti. Yathā pana yaṃ sutaṃ sutamevāti niyametabbaṃ, tathā ca taṃ sutaṃ sammā sutaṃ hotīti avadhāraṇaphalaṃ dassetuṃ vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘anūnādhikāviparītaggahaṇanidassana’’</span>nti. Atha vā saddantaratthāpohanavasena saddo atthaṃ vadati, tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘suta’’</span>nti etassa asutaṃ na hotīti ayamattho labbhatīti sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘assavanabhāvapaṭikkhepato’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, iminā diṭṭhādinivattanaṃ karoti diṭṭhādīnaṃ ‘‘asuta’’nti saddantaratthabhāvena nivattetabbattā. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – na idaṃ mayā attano ñāṇena diṭṭhaṃ, na ca sayambhuñāṇena sacchikataṃ, atha kho sutaṃ, tañca kho sutaṃ sammadevāti. Tadeva sammā sutabhāvaṃ sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘anūnā…pe… dassana’’</span>nti. Hoti cettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Evādisattiyā ceva, aññatthāpohanena ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dvidhā saddo atthantaraṃ, nivatteti yathāraha’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica avadhāraṇatthe evaṃ-sadde ayamatthayojanā karīyatīti tadapekkhassa sutasaddassa sāvadhāraṇattho vutto <span class="bld">‘‘assavanabhāvapaṭikkhepato’’</span>ti, tadavadhāraṇaphalaṃ dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘anū…pe… dassana’’</span>nti iminā. Savana-saddo cettha bhāvasaddena yogato kammasādhano veditabbo ‘‘suyyatī’’ti. Anūnādhikatāya bhagavato sammukhā sutākārato aviparītaṃ<a name="M1.0151"></a>, aviparītassa vā suttassa gahaṇaṃ, tassa nidassanaṃ tathā, iti savanahetu suṇantapuggalasavanavisesavasena ayaṃ yojanā katā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ padattayassa ekena pakārena atthayojanaṃ dassetvā idāni pakārantarenāpi taṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tathā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">tassā</span>ti yā bhagavato sammukhā dhammassavanākārena pavattā manodvārikaviññāṇavīthi, tassā. Sā hi nānāppakārena ārammaṇe pavattituṃ samatthā, na sotadvārika viññāṇavīthi ekārammaṇeyeva pavattanato, tathā ceva vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sotadvārānusārenā’’</span>ti. Tena hi sotadvārikaviññāṇavīthi nivattati. <span class="bld">Nānappakārenā</span>ti vakkhamānena anekavihitena byañjanatthaggahaṇākārasaṅkhātena nānāvidhena ākārena, etena imissā yojanāya ākārattho evaṃ-saddo gahitoti dasseti. <span class="bld">Pavattibhāvappakāsana</span>nti pavattiyā atthibhāvappakāsanaṃ. Yasmiṃ pakāre vuttappakārā viññāṇavīthi nānappakārena pavattā, tadeva ārammaṇaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘dhammappakāsana’’</span>nti <a name="V1.0134"></a> vuttaṃ, na pana sutasaddassa dhammatthaṃ, tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ dhammo suto’’ti. Tassā hi viññāṇavīthiyā ārammaṇameva ‘‘ayaṃ dhammo suto’’ti vuccati. Tañca niyamiyamānaṃ yathāvuttāya viññāṇavīthiyā ārammaṇabhūtaṃ suttameva. <span class="bld">Ayañhetthā</span>tiādi vuttassevatthassa pākaṭīkaraṇaṃ. Tappākaṭīkaraṇattho hettha <span class="bld">hi</span>-saddo. <span class="bld">Viññāṇavīthiyā</span> karaṇabhūtāya <span class="bld">mayā na aññaṃ kataṃ, idaṃ pana</span> ārammaṇaṃ <span class="bld">kataṃ. </span> Kiṃ pana tanti ce? <span class="bld">Ayaṃ dhammo suto</span>ti. Ayaṃ panetthādhippāyo – ākāratthe evaṃ-sadde ‘‘ekenākārenā’’ti yo ākāro vutto, so atthato sotadvārānusāraviññāṇavīthiyā nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattibhāvoyeva, tena ca tadārammaṇabhūtassa dhammasseva savanaṃ kataṃ, na aññanti. Evaṃ savanakiriyāya karaṇakattukammaviseso imissā yojanāya dassito.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aññampi yojanamāha <span class="bld">‘‘tathā’’</span>tiādinā. Nidassanatthaṃ evaṃ-saddaṃ gahetvā nidassanena ca nidassitabbassāvinābhāvato <span class="bld">‘‘evanti nidassitabbappakāsana’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Iminā hi tadavinābhāvato evaṃsaddena sakalampi suttaṃ paccāmaṭṭhanti dasseti, sutasaddassa kiriyāparattā, savanakiriyāya ca sādhāraṇaviññāṇappabandhapaṭibaddhattā tasmiñca viññāṇappabandhe <a name="M1.0152"></a> puggalavohāroti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘puggalakiccappakāsana’’</span>nti. Sādhāraṇaviññāṇappabandho hi paṇṇattiyā idha <span class="bld">puggalo</span> nāma, savanakiriyā pana tassa <span class="bld">kiccaṃ</span> nāma. Na hi puggalavohārarahite dhammappabandhe savanakiriyā labbhati vohāravisayattā tassā kiriyāyāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Ida’’</span>ntiādi piṇḍatthadassanaṃ <span class="bld">mayā</span>ti yathāvuttaviññāṇappabandhasaṅkhātapuggalabhūtena mayā. <span class="bld">Suta</span>nti savanakiriyāsaṅkhātena puggalakiccena yojitaṃ, imissā pana yojanāya puggalabyāpāravisayassa puggalassa, puggalabyāpārassa ca nidassanaṃ katanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ākāratthameva evaṃ-saddaṃ gahetvā purimayojanāya aññathāpi atthayojanaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tathā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Cittasantānassā</span>ti yathāvuttaviññāṇappabandhassa. <span class="bld">Nānākārappavattiyā</span>ti nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattiyā. Nānappakāraṃ atthabyañjanassa gahaṇaṃ, nānappakārassa vā atthabyañjanassa gahaṇaṃ tathā, tatoyeva sā ‘‘ākārapaññattī’’ti vuttāti tadevatthaṃ samattheti <span class="bld">‘‘evanti hī’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Ākārapaññattī</span>ti ca upādāpaññattiyeva, dhammānaṃ pana pavattiākāramupādāya paññattattā tadaññāya upādāpaññattiyā visesanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ākārapaññattī’’</span>ti vuttā <span class="bld">visayaniddeso</span>ti uppattiṭṭhānaniddeso. Sotabbabhūto hi dhammo savanakiriyākattubhūtassa puggalassa savanakiriyāvasena pavattiṭṭhānaṃ kiriyāya kattukammaṭṭhattā tabbasena ca tadādhārassāpi dabbassa ādhārabhāvassa icchitattā, idha pana kiriyāya kattupavattiṭṭhānabhāvo icchitoti kammameva <a name="V1.0135"></a> ādhāravasena vuttaṃ, tenāha ‘‘kattu visayaggahaṇasanniṭṭhāna’’nti, ārammaṇameva vā visayo. Ārammaṇañhi tadārammaṇikassa pavattiṭṭhānaṃ. Evampi hi attho suviññeyyataro hoti. Yathāvuttavacane piṇḍatthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ettāvatā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Ettāvatā ettakena yathāvuttatthena padattayena, kataṃ hotīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Nānākārappavattenā</span>ti nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattena. <span class="bld">Cittasantānenā</span>ti yathāvuttaviññāṇavīthisaṅkhātena cittappabandhena. Gahaṇasadde cetaṃ karaṇaṃ. Cittasantānavinimuttassa kassaci kattu paramatthato abhāvepi saddavohārena buddhiparikappitabhedavacanicchāya cittasantānato aññamiva taṃsamaṅgiṃ katvā abhedepi bhedavohārena <span class="bld">‘‘cittasantānena taṃsamaṅgino’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Vohāravisayo hi saddo nekantaparamatthikoti <a name="M1.0153"></a> (kārakarūpasiddhiyaṃ yo kāreti sahetusuttaṃ passitabbaṃ) savanakiriyāvisayopi sotabbadhammo savanakiriyāvasena pavattacittasantānassa idha paramatthato kattubhāvato tassa visayoyevāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kattu visayaggahaṇasanniṭṭhāna’’nti.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica savanavasena cittappavattiyā eva savanakiriyābhāvato taṃvasena tadaññanāmarūpadhammasamudāyabhūtassa taṃkiriyākattu ca visayo hotīti katvā tathā vuttaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – purimanaye savanakiriyā, takkattā ca paramatthato tathāpavattacittasantānameva, tasmā kiriyāvisayopi ‘‘kattu visayo’’ti vutto. Pacchimanaye pana tathāpavattacittasantānaṃ kiriyā, tadaññadhammasamudāyo pana kattā, tasmā kāmaṃ ekantato kiriyāvisayoyevesa dhammo, tathāpi kiriyāvasena ‘‘tabbantakattu visayo’’ti vuttoti. <span class="bld">Taṃsamaṅgino</span>ti tena cittasantānena samaṅgino. <span class="bld">Kattū</span>ti kattārassa. <span class="bld">Visayo</span>ti ārammaṇavasena pavattiṭṭhānaṃ, ārammaṇameva vā. Sutākārassa ca therassa sammā nicchitabhāvato ‘‘gahaṇasanniṭṭhāna’’nti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo nayo – <span class="bld">yassa…pe… ākārapaññattī</span>ti ākāratthena evaṃ-saddena yojanaṃ katvā tadeva avadhāraṇatthampi gahetvā imasmiṃyeva naye yojetuṃ ‘‘gahaṇaṃ kataṃ’’ icceva avatvā <span class="bld">‘‘gahaṇasanniṭṭhānaṃ kata’’</span>nti vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Avadhāraṇena hi sanniṭṭhānamidhādhippetaṃ, tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘ettāvatā’’</span>tiādinā avadhāraṇatthampi evaṃ-saddaṃ gahetvā ayameva yojanā katāti dassetīti veditabbaṃ, imissā pana yojanāya gahaṇākāragāhakatabbisayavisesanidassanaṃ katanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aññampi yojanamāha <span class="bld">‘‘atha vā’’</span>tiādinā. Pubbe attanā sutānaṃ nānāvihitānaṃ suttasaṅkhātānaṃ atthabyañjanānaṃ upadhāritarūpassa ākārassa nidassanassa, avadhāraṇassa vā pakāsanasabhāvo <span class="bld">evaṃ</span>-saddoti tadākārādibhūtassa upadhāraṇassa puggalapaññattiyā upādānabhūtadhammappabandhabyāpāratāya <a name="V1.0136"></a> <span class="bld">‘‘puggalakiccaniddeso’’</span>ti vuttaṃ attanā sutānañhi atthabyañjanānaṃ puna upadhāraṇaṃ ākārādittayaṃ, tañca evaṃ-saddassa attho. So pana yaṃ dhammappabandhaṃ upādāya puggalapaññatti pavattā, tassa byāpārabhūtaṃ kiccameva<a name="M1.0154"></a>, tasmā evaṃ-saddena puggalakiccaṃ niddisīyatīti. Kāmaṃ savanakiriyā puggalabyāpāropi avisesena, tathāpi visesato viññāṇabyāpārovāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘viññāṇakiccaniddeso’’</span>ti. Tathā hi puggalavādīnampi savanakiriyā viññāṇanirapekkhā natthi savanādīnaṃ visesato viññāṇabyāpārabhāvena icchitattā. <span class="bld">Me</span>ti saddappavattiyā ekanteneva sattavisayattā, viññāṇakiccassa ca sattaviññāṇānamabhedakaraṇavasena tattheva samodahitabbato <span class="bld">‘‘ubhayakiccayuttapuggalaniddeso’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Aya’’ntiādi tappākaṭīkaraṇaṃ. Ettha hi <span class="bld">savanakiccaviññāṇasamaṅginā</span>ti <span class="bld">evaṃ</span>-saddena niddiṭṭhaṃ puggalakiccaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, taṃ pana puggalassa savanakiccaviññāṇasamaṅgībhāvena puggalakiccaṃ nāmāti dassetuṃ ‘‘puggalakiccasamaṅginā’’ti avatvā <span class="bld">‘‘savanakiccaviññāṇasamaṅginā’’</span>ti āha, tasmā ‘‘puggalakicca’’nti niddiṭṭhasavanakiccavatā viññāṇena samaṅgināti attho. <span class="bld">Viññāṇavasena, laddhasavanakiccavohārenā</span>ti ca sutasaddena niddiṭṭhaṃ viññāṇakiccaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Savanameva kiccaṃ yassāti tathā. Savanakiccanti vohāro <span class="bld">savanakiccavohāro,</span> laddho so yenāti tathā. <span class="bld">Laddhasavanakiccavohārena</span> viññāṇasaṅkhātena vasena sāmatthiyenāti attho. Ayaṃ pana sambandho – savanakiccaviññāṇasamaṅginā puggalena mayā laddhasavanakiccavohārena viññāṇavasena karaṇabhūtena sutanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica <span class="bld">‘‘eva’’</span>nti saddassattho avijjamānapaññatti, <span class="bld">‘‘suta’’</span>nti saddassattho vijjamānapaññatti, tasmā te tathārūpapaññatti upādānabhūtapuggalabyāpārabhāveneva dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘evanti puggalakiccaniddeso. Sutanti viññāṇakiccaniddeso’’</span>ti. Na hi paramatthatoyeva niyamiyamāne sati puggalakiccaviññāṇakiccavasena ayaṃ vibhāgo labbhatīti. Imissā pana yojanāya kattubyāpārakaraṇabyāpārakattuniddeso katoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbassāpi saddādhigamanīyassa atthassa paññattimukheneva paṭipajjitabbattā, sabbāsañca paññattīnaṃ vijjamānādivasena chasu paññattibhedesu antogadhattā tāsu ‘‘eva’’ntiādīnaṃ paññattīnaṃ sarūpaṃ niddhāretvā dassento <span class="bld">‘‘evanti cā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha ‘‘eva’’nti ca ‘‘me’’ti ca vuccamānassa atthassa ākārādibhūtassa dhammānaṃ asallakkhaṇabhāvato avijjamānapaññattibhāvoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘saccikaṭṭhaparamatthavasena avijjamānapaññattī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Saccikaṭṭhaparamatthavasenā</span>ti <a name="M1.0155"></a> ca bhūtatthauttamatthavasenāti attho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yo māyāmarīciādayo <a name="V1.0137"></a> viya abhūtattho, anussavādīhi gahetabbo viya anuttamattho ca na hoti, so rūpasaddādisabhāvo, ruppanānubhavanādisabhāvo vā attho ‘‘saccikaṭṭho, paramattho’’ti ca vuccati, ‘‘evaṃ me’’ti padānaṃ pana attho abhūtattā, anuttamattā ca na tathā vuccati, tasmā bhūtatthauttamatthasaṅkhātena saccikaṭṭhaparamatthavasena visesanabhūtena avijjamānapaññattiyevāti. Etena ca visesanena bālajanehi ‘‘atthī’’ti parikappitaṃ paññattimattaṃ nivatteti. Tadevatthaṃ pākaṭaṃ karoti, hetunā vā sādheti <span class="bld">‘‘kiñhettha ta’’</span>ntiādinā. Yaṃ dhammajātaṃ, atthajātaṃ vā ‘‘eva’’nti vā ‘‘me’’ti vā niddesaṃ labhetha, <span class="bld">taṃ ettha</span> rūpaphassādidhammasamudāye, ‘‘evaṃ me’’ti padānaṃ vā atthe. Paramatthato na atthīti yojanā. Rūpaphassādibhāvena niddiṭṭho paramatthato ettha attheva, ‘‘evaṃ me’’ti pana niddiṭṭho natthīti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Suta</span>nti pana saddāyatanaṃ sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘vijjamānapaññattī’’</span>ti. ‘‘Saccikaṭṭhaparamatthavasenā’’ti cettha adhikāro. <span class="bld">‘‘Yañhī’’</span>tiādi tappākaṭīkaraṇaṃ, hetudassanaṃ vā. <span class="bld">Yaṃ taṃ</span> saddāyatanaṃ <span class="bld">sotena</span> sotadvārena, tannissitaviññāṇena vā <span class="bld">upaladdhaṃ</span> adhigamitabbanti attho. Tena hi saddāyatanamidha gahitaṃ kammasādhanenāti dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ aṭṭhakathānayena paññattisarūpaṃ niddhāretvā idāni aṭṭhakathāmuttakenāpi nayena vuttesu chasu paññattibhedesu ‘‘eva’’ntiādīnaṃ paññattīnaṃ sarūpaṃ niddhārento <span class="bld">‘‘tathā’’</span>tiādimāha. Upādāpaññatti ādayo hi porāṇaṭṭhakathāto muttā saṅgahakāreneva ācariyena vuttā. Vitthāro abhidhammaṭṭhakathāya gahetabbo. <span class="bld">Taṃ ta</span>nti taṃ taṃ dhammajātaṃ, sotapathamāgate dhamme upādāya tesaṃ upadhāritākāranidassanāvadhāraṇassa paccāmasanavasena <span class="bld">evanti ca</span> sasantatipariyāpanne khandhe upādāya <span class="bld">meti ca</span> vattabbattāti attho. Rūpavedanādibhedehi dhamme upādāya nissāya kāraṇaṃ katvā paññatti <span class="bld">upādāpaññatti</span> yathā ‘‘tāni tāni aṅgāni upādāya ratho gehaṃ, te te rūparasādayo upādāya ghaṭo paṭo, candimasūriyaparivattādayo upādāya kālo disā’’tiādi. Paññapetabbaṭṭhena cesā paññatti nāma, na paññāpanaṭṭhena. Yā pana tassa atthassa paññāpanā, ayaṃ avijjamānapaññattiyeva. <span class="bld">Diṭṭhādīni</span> <span class="bld">upanidhāya</span> <a name="M1.0156"></a> <span class="bld">vattabbato</span>ti diṭṭhamutaviññāte upanidhāya upatthambhaṃ katvā apekkhitvā vattabbattā. Diṭṭhādisabhāvavirahite saddāyatane vattamānopi hi sutavohāro ‘‘dutiyaṃ tatiya’’ntiādiko viya paṭhamādīni diṭṭhamutaviññāte apekkhitvā pavatto <span class="bld">‘‘upanidhāpaññatī’’</span>ti vuccate. Sā panesā anekavidhā tadaññapekkhūpanidhā hatthagatūpanidhā sampayuttūpanidhāsamāropitūpanidhā avidūragatūpanidhā paṭibhāgūpanidhā tabbahulūpanidhātabbisiṭṭhūpanidhā’’tiādinā. Tāsu ayaṃ ‘‘dutiyaṃ tatiya’’ntiādikā viya paṭhamādīnaṃ diṭṭhādīnaṃ aññamaññamapekkhitvā vuttattā tadaññapekkhūpanidhāpaññatti nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ paññattiyāpi <a name="V1.0138"></a> atthādhigamanīyatāsaṅkhātaṃ dassetabbatthaṃ dassetvā idāni saddasāmatthiyena dīpetabbamatthaṃ niddhāretvā dīpento <span class="bld">‘‘ettha cā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti etasmiṃ vacanattaye. <span class="bld">Ca</span>-saddo upanyāso atthantaraṃ ārabhitukāmena yojitattā. ‘‘Suta’’nti vutte asutaṃ na hotīti pakāsitoyamattho, tasmā tathā suta-saddena pakāsitā attanā paṭividdhasuttassa pakāravisesā <span class="bld">‘‘eva’’</span>nti therena paccāmaṭṭhāti tena evaṃ-saddena asammoho dīpito nāma, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘evanti vacanena asammohaṃ dīpetī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Asammoha</span>nti ca yathāsute sutte asammohaṃ. Tadeva yuttiyā, byatirekena ca samatthehi <span class="bld">‘‘na hī’’</span>tiādinā vakkhamānañca suttaṃ nānappakāraṃ duppaṭividdhañca. Evaṃ nānappakāre duppaṭividdhe sutte kathaṃ sammūḷho nānappakārapaṭivedhasamattho bhavissati. Imāya yuttiyā, iminā ca byatirekena therassa tattha asammūḷhabhāvasaṅkhāto dīpetabbo attho viññāyatīti vuttaṃ hoti. Evamīdisesu yathārahaṃ. Bhagavato sammukhā sutākārassa yāthāvato upari therena dassiyamānattā <span class="bld">‘‘suttassa asammosaṃ dīpetī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Kālantarenā</span>ti sutakālato aparena kālena. <span class="bld">Yassa…pe… paṭijānāti,</span> therassa pana suvaṇṇabhājane pakkhittasīhavasā viya anassamānaṃ asammuṭṭhaṃ tiṭṭhati, tasmā so evaṃ paṭijānātīti vuttaṃ hoti. Evaṃ dīpitena pana atthena kiṃ pakāsitanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘iccassā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">iccassā</span>ti iti assa, tasmā asammohassa, asammosassa ca dīpitattā assa therassapaññāsiddhītiādinā sambandho. <span class="bld">Asammohenā</span>ti sammohābhāvena. Paññāvajjitasamādhiādidhammajātena taṃsampayuttāya paññāya <a name="M1.0157"></a> siddhi sahajātādisattiyā sijjhanato. Sammohapaṭipakkhena vā paññāsaṅkhātena dhammajātena. Savanakālasambhūtāya hi paññāya taduttarikālapaññāsiddhi upanissayādikoṭiyā sijjhanato. Itaratthāpi yathārahaṃ nayo netabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ pakāsitena pana atthena kiṃ vibhāvitanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tatthā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tesu dubbidhesu dhammesu. Byañjanānaṃ paṭivijjhitabbo ākāro nātigambhīro, yathāsutadhāraṇameva tattha karaṇīyaṃ, tasmā tattha satiyā byāpāro adhiko, paññā pana guṇībhūtāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘paññāpubbaṅgamāyā’’</span>tiādi. Paññāya pubbaṅgamā <span class="bld">paññāpubbaṅgamā</span>ti hi nibbacanaṃ, pubbaṅgamatā cettha padhānabhāvo ‘‘manopubbaṅgamā dhammā’’tiādīsu (dha. pa. 1) viya. Apica yathā cakkhuviññāṇādīsu āvajjanādayo pubbaṅgamā samānāpi tadārammaṇassa avijānanato appadhānabhūtā, evaṃ pubbaṅgamāyapi appadhānatte sati paññāpubbaṅgamā etissāti nibbacanampi yujjati. Pubbaṅgamatā cettha purecāribhāvo. Iti sahajātapubbaṅgamo purejātapubbaṅgamoti duvidhopi pubbaṅgamo idha sambhavati, yathā cettha, evaṃ sati ‘‘pubbaṅgamāyā’’ti etthāpi yathāsambhavamesa <a name="V1.0139"></a> nayo veditabbo. Evaṃ vibhāvitena samatthatāvacanena kimanubhāvitanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tadubhayasamatthatāyogenā’’</span>tiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">atthabyañjanasampannassā</span>ti atthabyañjanena paripuṇṇassa, saṅkāsanādīhi vā chahi atthapadehi, akkharādīhi ca chahi byañjanapadehi samannāgatassa, atthabyañjanasaṅkhātena vā rasena sādurasassa. Pariyattidhammoyeva navalokuttararatanasannidhānato sattavidhassa, dasavidhassa vā ratanassa sannidhāno koso viyāti <span class="bld">dhammakoso,</span> tathā dhammabhaṇḍāgāro, tattha niyuttoti <span class="bld">dhammabhaṇḍāgāriko.</span> Atha vā nānārājabhaṇḍarakkhako bhaṇḍāgāriko viyāti <span class="bld">bhaṇḍāgāriko,</span> dhammassa anurakkhako bhaṇḍāgārikoti tameva sadisatākāraṇadassanena visesetvā <span class="bld">‘‘dhammabhaṇḍāgāriko’’</span>ti vutto. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bahussuto dhammadharo, sabbapāṭhī ca sāsane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ānando nāma nāmena, dhammārakkho tavaṃ mune’’ti. (apa. 1.542);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aññathāpi dīpetabbamatthaṃ dīpeti <span class="bld">‘‘aparo nayo’’</span>tiādinā, evaṃ saddena vuccamānānaṃ ākāranidassanāvadhāraṇatthānaṃ aviparītasaddhammavisayattā tabbisayehi <a name="M1.0158"></a> tehi atthehi yoniso manasikārassa dīpanaṃ yuttanti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yoni…pe… dīpetī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">‘‘Ayoniso’’</span>tiādinā byatirekena ñāpakahetudassanaṃ. Tattha katthaci hi-saddo dissati, so kāraṇe, kasmāti attho, iminā vacaneneva yoniso manasikaroto nānappakārapaṭivedhasambhavato aggi viya dhūmena kāriyena kāraṇabhūto so viññāyatīti tadanvayampi atthāpattiyā dasseti. Esa nayo sabbattha yathārahaṃ. ‘‘Brahmajālaṃ āvuso kattha bhāsita’’ntiādi pucchāvasena adhunā pakaraṇappattassa vakkhamānassa suttassa ‘‘suta’’nti padena vuccamānaṃ bhagavato sammukhā savanaṃ samādhānamantarena na sambhavatīti katvā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘avikkhepaṃ dīpetī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">‘‘Vikkhittacittassā’’</span>tiādinā byatirekakāraṇena ñāpakahetuṃ dassetvā tadeva samattheti <span class="bld">‘‘tathā hī’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Sabbasampattiyā</span>ti sabbena atthabyañjanadesakapayojanādinā sampattiyā. Kiṃ iminā pakāsitanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yoniso manasikārena cetthā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti etasmiṃ dhammadvaye. <span class="bld">‘‘Na hi vikkhittacitto’’</span>tiādinā kāraṇabhūtena avikkhepena, sappurisūpanissayena ca phalabhūtassa saddhammassavanassa siddhiyā eva samatthanaṃ vuttaṃ, avikkhepena pana sappurisūpanissayassa siddhiyā samatthanaṃ na vuttaṃ. Kasmāti ce? Vikkhittacittānaṃ sappurise payirupāsanābhāvassa atthato siddhattā. Atthavaseneva hi so pākaṭoti na vutto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāha – yathā yoniso manasikārena phalabhūtena attasammāpaṇidhipubbekatapuññatānaṃ kāraṇabhūtānaṃ <a name="V1.0140"></a> siddhi vuttā tadavinābhāvato, evaṃ avikkhepena phalabhūtena saddhammassavanasappurisūpanissayānaṃ kāraṇabhūtānaṃ siddhi vattabbā siyā assutavato, sappurisūpanissayavirahitassa ca tadabhāvato. Evaṃ santepi ‘‘na hi vikkhittacitto’’tiādisamatthanavacanena avikkhepena, sappurisūpanissayena ca kāraṇabhūtena saddhammassavanasseva phalabhūtassa siddhi vuttā, kasmā panevaṃ vuttāti? Vuccate – adhippāyantarasambhavato hi tathā siddhi vuttā. Ayaṃ panetthādhippāyo – saddhammassavanasappurisūpanissayā na ekantena avikkhepassa kāraṇaṃ bāhirakāraṇattā, avikkhepo pana sappurisūpanissayo viya saddhammassavanassa ekantakāraṇaṃ ajjhattikakāraṇattā, tasmā ekantakāraṇe honte kimatthiyā anekantakāraṇaṃ pati phalabhāvaparikappanāti tathāyevetassa <a name="M1.0159"></a> siddhi vuttāti. Ettha ca paṭhamaṃ phalena kāraṇassa siddhidassanaṃ nadīpūrena viya upari vuṭṭhisabbhāvassa, dutiyaṃ kāraṇena phalassa siddhidassanaṃ ekantavassinā viya meghavuṭṭhānena vuṭṭhipavattiyā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Aparo nayo’’</span>tiādinā aññathāpi dīpetabbatthamāha, yasmā na hotīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Evanti…pe… nānākāraniddeso</span>ti heṭṭhā <span class="bld">vuttaṃ, so ca ākāro</span>ti sotadvārānusāraviññāṇavīthisaṅkhātassa cittasantānassa nānākārena ārammaṇe pavattiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇasaṅkhāto so bhagavato vacanassa atthabyañjanappabhedaparicchedavasena sakalasāsanasampattiogāhanākāro. <span class="bld">Evaṃ bhaddako</span>ti niravasesaparahitapāripūribhāvakāraṇattā evaṃ yathāvuttena nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇena sundaro seṭṭho, samāsapadaṃ vā etaṃ evaṃ īdiso bhaddo yassāti katvā. Na paṇihito <span class="bld">appaṇihito,</span> sammā appaṇi hito attā yassāti tathā, tassa. <span class="bld">Pacchimacakkadvayasampatti</span>nti attasammāpaṇidhipubbekatapuññatāsaṅkhātaguṇadvayasampattiṃ. Guṇasseva hi aparāparavuttiyā pavattanaṭṭhena cakkabhāvo. Caranti vā etena sattā sampattibhavaṃ, sampattibhavesūti vā <span class="bld">cakkaṃ.</span> Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘cattārimāni bhikkhave, cakkāni, yehi samannāgatānaṃ devamanussānaṃ catucakkaṃ vattatī’’tiādi (a. ni. 4.31) pacchimabhāvo cettha desanākkamavaseneva. <span class="bld">Purimacakkadvayasampatti</span>nti patirūpadesavāsasappurisūpanissayasaṅkhātaguṇadvayasampattiṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva. <span class="bld">Tasmā</span>ti purimakāraṇaṃ purimassevāti idha kāraṇamāha <span class="bld">‘‘na hī’’</span>tiādinā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tena kiṃ pakāsitanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘iccassā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Iti</span> imāya catucakkasampattiyā kāraṇabhūtāya. <span class="bld">Assa</span> therassa. <span class="bld">Pacchimacakkadvayasiddhiyā</span>ti pacchimacakkadvayassa atthibhāvena siddhiyā<a name="V1.0141"></a>. <span class="bld">Āsayasuddhī</span>ti vipassanāñāṇasaṅkhātāya anulomikakhantiyā, kammassakatāñāṇa-maggañāṇasaṅkhātassa yathābhūtañāṇassa cāti duvidhassāpi āsayassa asuddhihetubhūtānaṃ kilesānaṃ dūrībhāvena <span class="bld">suddhi.</span> Tadeva hi dvayaṃ vivaṭṭanissitānaṃ suddhasattānaṃ āsayo. Sammāpaṇihitatto hi pubbe ca katapuñño suddhāsayo hoti. Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘sammāpaṇihitaṃ cittaṃ, seyyaso naṃ tato kare’’ti, (dha. pa. 43) ‘‘katapuññosi tvaṃ ānanda, padhānamanuyuñja <a name="M1.0160"></a> khippaṃ hohisi anāsavo’’ti (dī. ni. 2.207) ca. Keci pana ‘‘kattukamyatāchando āsayo’’ti vadanti, tadayuttameva ‘‘tāya ca āsayasuddhiyā adhigamabyattisiddhī’’ti vacanena virodhato. Evampi maggañāṇasaṅkhātassa āsayassa suddhi na yuttā tāya adhigamabyattisiddhiyā avattabbatoti? No na yutto purimassa maggassa, pacchimānaṃ maggānaṃ, phalānañca kāraṇabhāvato. <span class="bld">Payogasuddhī</span>ti yonisomanasikārapubbaṅgamassa dhammassavanapayogassa visadabhāvena suddhi, sabbassa vā kāyavacīpayogassa niddosabhāvena suddhi. Patirūpadesavāsī, hi sappurisasevī ca yathāvuttavisuddhapayogo hoti. Tathāvisuddhena yonisomanasikārapubbaṅgamena dhammassavanapayogena, vippaṭisārābhāvāvahena ca kāyavacīpayogena avikkhittacitto pariyattiyaṃ visārado hoti, tathābhūto ca thero, tena viññāyati purimacakkadvayasiddhiyā therassa payogasuddhi siddhāvāti. Tena kiṃ vibhāvitanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tāya cā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Adhigamabyattisiddhī</span>ti paṭivedhasaṅkhāte adhigame chekabhāvasiddhi. Adhigametabbato hi paṭivijjhitabbato paṭivedho <span class="bld">‘‘adhigamo’’</span>ti aṭṭhakathāsu vutto, <span class="bld">āgamo</span>ti ca pariyatti āgacchanti attatthaparatthādayo etena, ābhuso vā gamitabbo ñātabboti katvā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tena kimanubhāvitanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘itī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Itī</span>ti evaṃ vuttanayena, tasmā siddhattāti vā kāraṇaniddeso. <span class="bld">Vacana</span>nti nidānavacanaṃ lokato, dhammato ca siddhāya upamāya tamatthaṃ ñāpetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘aruṇuggaṃ viyā’’</span>tiādimāha. ‘‘Upamāya midhekacce, atthaṃ jānanti paṇḍitā’’ti (jā. 2.19.24) hi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Aruṇo</span>ti sūriyassa udayato pubbabhāge uṭṭhitaraṃsi, tassa <span class="bld">uggaṃ</span> uggamanaṃ <span class="bld">udayato</span> udayantassa udayāvāsamuggacchato <span class="bld">sūriyassa pubbaṅgamaṃ</span> purecaraṃ <span class="bld">bhavituṃ arahati viyā</span>ti sambandho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – āgamādhigamabyattiyā īdisassa therassa vuttanidānavacanaṃ bhagavato vacanassa pubbaṅgamaṃ bhavitumarahati, nidānabhāvaṃ gataṃ hotīti idamatthajātaṃ anubhāvitanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni aparampi pubbe vuttassa asammohāsammosasaṅkhātassa dīpetabbassatthassa dīpakehi evaṃ-sadda suta-saddehi pakāsetabbamatthaṃ pakāsento <span class="bld">‘‘aparo nayo’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha hi ‘‘nānappakārapaṭivedhadīpakena<a name="V1.0142"></a>, sotabbappabhedapaṭivedhadīpakenā’’ti ca iminā tehi saddehi pubbe <a name="M1.0161"></a> dīpitaṃ asammohāsammosasaṅkhātaṃ dīpetabbatthamāha asammohena nānappakārapaṭivedhassa, asammosena ca sotabbappabhedapaṭivedhassa sijjhanato. <span class="bld">‘‘Attano’’</span>tiādīhi pana pakāsetabbatthaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> ‘‘nānappakārapaṭivedhadīpakenātiādinā evaṃ-sadda suta-saddānaṃ therassa atthabyañjanesu asammohāsammosadīpanato catupaṭisambhidāvasena atthayojanaṃ dassetī’’ti (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.1). Hetugabbhañcetaṃ padadvayaṃ, nānappakārapaṭivedhasaṅkhātassa, sotabbappabheda-paṭivedhasaṅkhātassa ca dīpetabbatthassa dīpakattāti vuttaṃ hoti. Santassa vijjamānassa bhāvo <span class="bld">sabbhāvo,</span> atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāhi sampattiyā sabbhāvo tathā. ‘‘Sambhava’’ntipi pāṭho, sambhavanaṃ <span class="bld">sambhavo,</span> atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāsampattīnaṃ sambhavo tathā. Evaṃ itaratthāpi. <span class="bld">‘‘Sotabbappabhedapaṭivedhadīpakenā’’</span>ti etena pana ayaṃ suta-saddo evaṃ-saddasannidhānato, vakkhamānāpekkhāya vā sāmaññeneva vuttepi sotabbadhammavisesaṃ āmasatīti dasseti. Ettha ca sotabbadhammasaṅkhātāya pāḷiyā nidassetabbānaṃ bhāsitatthapayojanatthānaṃ, tīsu ca ñāṇesu pavattañāṇassa nānappakārabhāvato tabbhāvapaṭivedhadīpakena evaṃ-saddena atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāsampattisabbhāvadīpanaṃ yuttaṃ, sotabbadhammassa pana atthādhigamahetuto, taṃvasena ca tadavasesahetuppabhedassa gahitattā, niruttibhāvato ca sotabbappabhedadīpakena suta-saddena dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāsampattisabbhāvadīpanaṃ yuttanti veditabbaṃ. Tadevatthañhi ñāpetuṃ ‘‘asammohadīpakena, asammosadīpakenā’’ti ca avatvā tathā vuttanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ asammohāsammosasaṅkhātassa dīpetabbassatthassa dīpakehi evaṃ-sadda suta-saddehi pakāsetabbamatthaṃ pakāsetvā idāni yonisomanasikārāvikkhepasaṅkhātassa dīpetabbassatthassa dīpakehipi tehi pakāsetabbamatthaṃ pakāsento <span class="bld">‘‘evanti cā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha hi <span class="bld">‘‘evanti…pe… bhāsamāno, sutanti idaṃ…pe… bhāsamāno’’</span>ti ca iminā tehi saddehi pubbe dīpitaṃ yonisomanasikārāvikkhepasaṅkhātaṃ dīpetabbatthamāha, <span class="bld">‘‘ete mayā’’</span>tiādīhi pana pakāsetabbatthaṃ <span class="bld">savanayogadīpaka</span>nti ca avikkhepavasena savanayogassa sijjhanato tadeva sandhāyāha<a name="M1.0162"></a>. Tathā hi <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘savanadhāraṇavacīparicariyā pariyattidhammānaṃ visesena sotāvadhāraṇapaṭibaddhāti te avikkhepadīpakena sutasaddena yojetvā’’ti (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.1). Manodiṭṭhīhi pariyattidhammānaṃ anupekkhanasuppaṭivedhā visesato manasikārapaṭibaddhā, tasmā taddīpakavacaneneva ete mayā dhammā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhāti imamatthaṃ pakāsetīti vuttaṃ ‘‘evanti ca…pe… dīpetī’’ti tattha <span class="bld">dhammā</span>ti pariyattidhammā. <span class="bld">Manasānupekkhitā</span>ti ‘‘idha sīlaṃ kathitaṃ, idha samādhi, idha paññā, ettakāva ettha <a name="V1.0143"></a> anusandhayo’’tiādibhedena manasā anupekkhitā. <span class="bld">Diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā</span>ti nijjhānakkhantisaṅkhātāya, ñātapariññāsaṅkhātāya vā diṭṭhiyā tattha vuttarūpārūpadhamme ‘‘iti rūpaṃ, ettakaṃ rūpa’’ntiādinā suṭṭhu vavatthāpetvā paṭividdhā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Savanadhāraṇavacīparicariyā ca pariyattidhammānaṃ visesena sotāvadhāraṇapaṭibaddhā, tasmā taddīpakavacaneneva bahū mayā dhammā sutā dhātā vacasā paricitāti imamatthaṃ pakāsetīti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sutanti idaṃ…pe… dīpetī’’</span>ti. Tattha <span class="bld">sutā</span>ti sotadvārānusārena viññātā. <span class="bld">Dhātā</span>ti suvaṇṇabhājane pakkhittasīhavasā viya manasi suppatiṭṭhitabhāvasādhanena upadhāritā. <span class="bld">Vacasā paricitā</span>ti paguṇatāsampādanena vācāya paricitā sajjhāyitā. Idāni pakāsetabbatthadvayadīpakena yathāvuttasaddadvayena vibhāvetabbamatthaṃ vibhāvento <span class="bld">‘‘tadubhayenapī’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">tadubhayenā</span>ti purimanaye, pacchimanaye ca yathāvuttassa pakāsetabbassatthassa pakāsakena tena dubbidhena saddena. <span class="bld">Atthabyañjanapāripūriṃ dīpento</span>ti ādarajananassa kāraṇavacanaṃ. Tadeva kāraṇaṃ byatirekena vivarati, yuttiyā vā daḷhaṃ karoti <span class="bld">‘‘atthabyañjanaparipuṇṇañhī’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Asuṇanto</span>ti cettha lakkhaṇe, hetumhi vā anta-saddo. <span class="bld">Mahatā hitā</span>ti mahantato hitasmā. <span class="bld">Paribāhiro</span>ti sabbato bhāgena bāhiro.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etena pana vibhāvetabbatthadīpakena saddadvayena anubhāvetabbatthamanubhāvento <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ me sutanti iminā’’</span>tiādimāha. Pubbe visuṃ visuṃ atthe yojitāyeva ete saddā idha ekassevānubhāvatthassa anubhāvakabhāvena gahitāti ñāpetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sakalenā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Kāmañca me-saddo imasmiṃ <a name="M1.0163"></a> ṭhāne pubbena yojito, tadapekkhānaṃ pana evaṃ-sadda suta-saddānaṃ sahacaraṇato, avinābhāvato ca tathā vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Tathāgatappavedita</span>nti tathāgatena pakārato viditaṃ, bhāsitaṃ vā. <span class="bld">Attano adahanto</span>ti attani ‘‘mameda’’nti aṭṭhapento. Bhummatthe cetaṃ sāmivacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Asappurisabhūmi</span>nti asappurisavisayaṃ, so ca atthato apakataññutāsaṅkhātā ‘‘idhekacco pāpabhikkhu tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā attano dahatī’’ti (pārā. 195) evaṃ mahācoradīpakena bhagavatā vuttā anariyavohārāvatthā, tathā cāha <span class="bld">‘‘tathāgata…pe… adahanto’’</span>ti. Hutvāti cettha seso. Tathā <span class="bld">sāvakattaṃ paṭijānanto</span>ti sappurisabhūmiokkamanasarūpakathanaṃ. Nanu ca ānandattherassa ‘‘mametaṃ vacana’’nti adhimānassa, mahākassapattherādīnañca tadāsaṅkāya abhāvato asappurisabhūmisamatikkamādivacanaṃ niratthakaṃ siyāti? Nayidamevaṃ ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’nti vadantena ayampi attho anubhāvitoti atthasseva dassanato. Tena hi anubhāvetabbamatthaṃyeva tathā dasseti, na pana ānandattherassa adhimānassa, mahākassapattherādīnañca <a name="V1.0144"></a> tadāsaṅkāya sambhavanti niṭṭhamettha gantabbaṃ. Keci pana ‘‘devatānaṃ parivitakkāpekkhaṃ tathāvacanaṃ, tasmā edisī codanā anavakāsā’’ti vadanti. Tasmiṃ kira samaye ekaccānaṃ devatānaṃ evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi ‘‘bhagavā ca parinibbuto, ayañcāyasmā ānando desanākusalo, idāni dhammaṃ deseti, sakyakulappasuto tathāgatassa bhātā, cūḷapituputto ca, kiṃ nu kho so sayaṃ sacchikataṃ dhammaṃ deseti, udāhu bhagavatoyeva vacanaṃ yathāsuta’’nti, tesameva cetoparivitakkamaññāya tadabhipariharaṇatthaṃ asappurisabhūmisamatikkamanādiattho anubhāvitoti. Sāyeva yathāvuttā anariyavohārāvatthā <span class="bld">asaddhammo,</span> tadavatthānokkamanasaṅkhātā ca sāvakattapaṭijānanā <span class="bld">saddhammo.</span> Evaṃ sati pariyāyantarena purimatthameva dassetīti gahetabbaṃ. Apica kuhanalapanādivasena pavatto akusalarāsi <span class="bld">asaddhammo,</span> tabbirahitabhāvo ca <span class="bld">saddhammo.</span> <span class="bld">‘‘Kevala’’</span>ntiādināpi vuttassevatthassa pariyāyantarena dassanaṃ, yathāvuttāya anariyavohārāvatthāya <span class="bld">parimoceti.</span> Sāvakattaṃ paṭijānanena <span class="bld">satthāraṃ apadisatī</span>ti attho. Apica satthukappādikiriyato <span class="bld">attānaṃ parimoceti</span> takkiriyāsaṅkāya <a name="M1.0164"></a> sambhavato. ‘‘Satthu bhagavatoyeva vacanaṃ mayāsuta’’nti satthāraṃ <span class="bld">apadisatī</span>ti atthantaramanubhāvanaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">‘‘Jinavacana’’</span>ntiādipi pariyāyantaradassanaṃ, atthantaramanubhāvanameva vā. <span class="bld">Appetī</span>ti nidasseti. Diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthesu yathārahaṃ satte netīti <span class="bld">netti,</span> dhammoyeva netti tathā. Vuttanayena cettha ubhayathā adhippāyo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparampi anubhāvetabbamatthamanubhāveti <span class="bld">‘‘apicā’’</span>tiādinā. Tattha <span class="bld">uppāditabhāvata</span>nti desanāvasena pavattitabhāvaṃ. <span class="bld">Purimavacanaṃ vivaranto</span>ti bhagavatā desitavasena purimataraṃ saṃvijjamānaṃ bhagavatā vacanameva uttāniṃ karonto, idaṃ vacananti sambandho. Catūhi vesārajjañāṇehi visāradassa, visāradahetubhūtacatuvesārajjañāṇasampannassa vā. Dasañāṇabaladharassa. Sammāsambuddhabhāvasaṅkhāte uttamaṭṭhāne ṭhitassa, usabhassa idanti vā atthena āsabhasaṅkhāte akampanasabhāvabhūte ṭhāne ṭhitassa. ‘‘Evameva kho bhikkhave, yadā tathāgato loke uppajjati…pe… so dhammaṃ desetī’’tiādinā (a. ni. 4.33) <span class="bld">sīhopamasuttādīsu</span> āgatena anekanayena sīhanādanadino. Sabbasattesu, sabbasattānaṃ vā uttamassa. Na cettha niddhāraṇalakkhaṇābhāvato niddhāraṇavasena samāso. Sabbattha hi sakkataganthesu, sāsanaganthesu ca evameva vuttaṃ. Dhammena sattānamissarassa. Dhammasseva issarassa taduppādanavasenātipi vadanti. Sesapadadvayaṃ tassevatthassa pariyāyantaradīpanaṃ. Dhammena lokassa padīpamiva bhūtassa, taduppādakabhāvena vā dhammasaṅkhātapadīpasampannassa. ‘‘Dhammakāyoti bhikkhave, tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacana’’nti (dī. ni. 3.118) hi vuttaṃ. Dhammena lokapaṭisaraṇabhūtassa, dhammasaṅkhātena <a name="V1.0145"></a> vā paṭisaraṇena sampannassa. ‘‘Yaṃnūnāhaṃ…pe… tameva dhammaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā upanissāya vihareyya’’nti (a. ni. 4.21; saṃ. ni. 1.173) hi vuttaṃ. Saddhindriyādisaddhammasaṅkhātassa varacakkassa pavattino, saddhammānametassa vā āṇācakkavarassa pavattino sammāsambuddhassa tassa bhagavato idaṃ vacanaṃ sammukhāva mayā paṭiggahitanti yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Byañjane</span>ti padasamudāyabhūte vākye. <span class="bld">Kaṅkhā vā vimati vā</span>ti ettha daḷhataraṃ niviṭṭhā vicikicchā <span class="bld">kaṅkhā.</span> Nātisaṃsappanaṃ matibhedamattaṃ <span class="bld">vimati. Sammukhā paṭiggahitamidaṃ mayā</span>ti tathā akattabbabhāvakāraṇavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Attanā</span> <span class="bld">uppāditabhāvaṃ appaṭijānanto purimavacanaṃ <a name="M1.0165"></a> vivaranto</span>ti pana assaddhiyavināsanassa, saddhāsampadamuppādanassa ca kāraṇavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Teneta’’</span>ntiādinā yathāvuttamevatthaṃ udānavasena dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Evaṃ me suta’’</span>nti evaṃ vadanto gotamagottassa sammāsambuddhassa sāvako, gotamagottasambandho vā sāvako āyasmā ānando bhagavatā bhāsitabhāvassa, sammukhā paṭiggahitabhāvassa ca sūcanato, tathāsūcaneneva ca khalitadunniruttādigahaṇadosābhāvassa sijjhanato sāsane assaddhaṃ vināsayati, saddhaṃ vaḍḍhetīti attho. Ettha ca pañcamādayo tisso atthayojanā ākārādiatthesu aggahitavisesameva evaṃ-saddaṃ gahetvā dassitā, tato parā tisso ākāratthameva evaṃ-saddaṃ gahetvā vibhāvitā, pacchimā pana tisso yathākkamaṃ ākāratthaṃ, nidassanatthaṃ, avadhāraṇatthañca evaṃ-saddaṃ gahetvā yojitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Honti cettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dassanaṃ dīpanañcāpi, pakāsanaṃ vibhāvanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Anubhāvanamiccattho, kiriyāyogena pañcadhā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dassito paramparāya, siddho nekatthavuttiyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ me sutamiccettha, padattaye nayaññunā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Eka-saddo pana aññaseṭṭhāsahāyasaṅkhyādīsu dissati. Tathā hesa ‘‘sassato attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamaññanti ittheke abhivadantī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 3.27) aññatthe dissati, ‘‘cetaso ekodibhāva’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.228; pārā. 11) seṭṭhe, ‘‘ekovūpakaṭṭho’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.405; dī. ni. 2.215; ma. ni. 1.80; saṃ. ni. 3.63; vibha. 4.445) asahāye, ‘‘ekova kho bhikkhave, khaṇo ca samayo ca brahmacariyavāsāyā’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 8.29) saṅkhyāyaṃ, idhāpi saṅkhyāyamevāti <a name="V1.0146"></a> dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘ekanti gaṇanaparicchedaniddeso’’</span>ti (itivu. aṭṭha. 1; dī. ni. ṭī. 1.paribbājakakathāvaṇṇanā) ekoyevesa samayo, na dve vā tayo vāti ūnādhikābhāvena gaṇanassa paricchedaniddeso ekanti ayaṃ saddoti attho, tena kassa paricchindananti anuyoge sati <a name="M1.0166"></a> ‘‘samaya’’nti vuttanti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘samayanti paricchinnaniddeso’’</span>ti. Evaṃ paricchedaparicchinnavasena vuttepi ‘‘ayaṃ nāma samayo’’ti sarūpato aniyamitattā aniyamitavacanamevāti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘ekaṃ…pe…. dīpana’’</span>nti iminā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni samayasaddassa anekatthavuttitaṃ atthuddhāravasena dassetvā idhādhippetamatthaṃ niyamento <span class="bld">‘‘tatthā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tasmiṃ ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti padadvaye, samabhiniviṭṭho samaya saddoti sambandho. Na pana dissatīti tesvekasmiṃyeva atthe idha pavattanato. <span class="bld">Samavāye</span>ti paccayasāmaggiyaṃ, kāraṇasamavāyeti attho. <span class="bld">Khaṇe</span>ti okāse. <span class="bld">Hetudiṭṭhīsū</span>ti hetumhi ceva laddhiyañca. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti samayasaddassa. <span class="bld">Kālañca samayañca upādāyā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">kālo</span> nāma upasaṅkamanassa yuttakālo. <span class="bld">Samayo</span> nāma tasseva paccayasāmaggī, atthato pana tadanurūpasarīrabalañceva tappaccayaparissayābhāvo ca. <span class="bld">Upādānaṃ</span> nāma ñāṇena tesaṃ gahaṇaṃ, tasmā yathāvuttaṃ kālañca samayañca paññāya gahetvā upadhāretvāti attho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – sace amhākaṃ sve gamanassa yuttakālo bhavissati, kāye balamattā ca pharissati, gamanapaccayā ca añño aphāsuvihāro na bhavissati, athetaṃ kālañca gamanakāraṇasamavāyasaṅkhātaṃ samayañca upadhāretvā appeva nāma svepi āgaccheyyāmāti. <span class="bld">Khaṇo</span>ti okāso. Tathāgatuppādādiko hi maggabrahmacariyassa okāso tappaccayapaṭilābhahetuttā. Khaṇo eva ca samayo. Yo ‘‘khaṇo’’ti ca ‘‘samayo’’ti ca vuccati, so ekovāti adhippāyo. Diyaḍḍho māso seso gimhānaṃ <span class="bld">uṇhasamayo.</span> Vassānassa paṭhamo māso <span class="bld">pariḷāhasamayo. Mahāsamayo</span>ti mahāsamūho. Samāso vā esa, byāso vā. Pavuṭṭhaṃ vanaṃ <span class="bld">pavanaṃ,</span> tasmiṃ, kapilavatthusāmante mahāvanasaṅkhāte vanasaṇḍeti attho. <span class="bld">Samayopi kho</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">samayo</span>ti sikkhāpadapūraṇassa hetu. <span class="bld">Bhaddālī</span>ti tassa bhikkhussa nāmaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – tayā bhaddāli paṭivijjhitabbayuttakaṃ ekaṃ kāraṇaṃ atthi, tampi te na paṭividdhaṃ na sallakkhitanti. Kiṃ taṃ kāraṇanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘bhagavāpi kho’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Uggahamāno’’</span>tiādīsu <span class="bld">māno</span>ti tassa paribbājakassa pakatināmaṃ, kiñci kiñci pana sippaṃ uggahetuṃ samatthatāya ‘‘uggahamāno’’ti naṃ <a name="M1.0167"></a> sañjānanti, tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘uggahamāno’’</span>ti vuccati. Samaṇamuṇḍikassa putto <span class="bld">samaṇamuṇḍikāputto.</span> So kira devadattassa upaṭṭhāko. Samayaṃ diṭṭhiṃ <a name="V1.0147"></a> pakārena vadanti etthāti <span class="bld">samayappavādako,</span> tasmiṃ, diṭṭhippavādaketi attho. Tasmiṃ kira ṭhāne caṅkītārukkhapokkharasātippabhūtayo brāhmaṇā, nigaṇṭhācelakaparibbājakādayo ca pabbajitā sannipatitvā attano attano samayaṃ pakārena vadanti kathenti dīpenti, tasmā so ārāmo ‘‘samayappavādako’’ti vuccati. Sveva tindukācīrasaṅkhātāya timbarūsakarukkhapantiyā parikkhittattā <span class="bld">‘‘tindukācīro’’</span>ti vuccati. Ekā sālā etthāti <span class="bld">ekasālako.</span> Yasmā panettha paṭhamaṃ ekā sālā ahosi, pacchā pana mahāpuññaṃ poṭṭhapādaparibbājakaṃ nissāya bahū sālā katā, tasmā tameva paṭhamaṃ kataṃ ekaṃ sālaṃ upādāya laddhapubbanāmavasena ‘‘ekasālako’’ti vuccati. Mallikāya nāma pasenadirañño deviyā uyyānabhūto so pupphaphalasacchanno ārāmo, tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘mallikāya ārāme’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Paṭivasatī</span>ti tasmiṃ phāsutāya vasati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Diṭṭhe dhamme</span>ti paccakkhe attabhāve. <span class="bld">Attho</span>ti vuḍḍhi. Kammakilesavasena samparetabbato sammā pāpuṇitabbato <span class="bld">samparāyo,</span> paraloko, tattha niyutto samparāyiko, paralokattho. <span class="bld">Atthābhisamayā</span>ti yathāvuttaubhayatthasaṅkhātahitapaṭilābhā. Samparāyikopi hi attho kāraṇassa nipphannattā paṭiladdho nāma hotīti taṃ atthadvayamekato katvā ‘‘atthābhisamayā’’ti vuttaṃ. Dhiyā paññāya taṃtadatthe rāti gaṇhāti, dhī vā paññā etassatthīti <span class="bld">dhīro. Paṇḍā</span> vuccati paññā. Sā hi sukhumesupi atthesu paḍati gacchati, dukkhādīnaṃ vā pīḷanādiākāraṃ jānātīti <span class="bld">paṇḍā. </span> Tāya ito gatoti <span class="bld">paṇḍito.</span> Atha vā itā sañjātā paṇḍā etassa, paḍati vā ñāṇagatiyā gacchatīti <span class="bld">paṇḍito. Sammā mānābhisamayā</span>ti mānassa sammā pahānena. <span class="bld">Sammā</span>ti cettha aggamaggañāṇena samucchedappahānaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Anta</span>nti avasānaṃ. <span class="bld">Pīḷanaṃ</span> taṃsamaṅgino hiṃsanaṃ avipphāritākaraṇaṃ. Tadeva attho tathā ttha-kārassa ṭṭha-kāraṃ katvā. Samecca paccayehi katabhāvo <span class="bld">saṅkhataṭṭho.</span> Dukkhadukkhatādivasena santāpanaṃ paridahanaṃ <span class="bld">santāpaṭṭho.</span> Jarāya, maraṇena cāti dvidhā vipariṇāmetabbo <span class="bld">vipariṇāmaṭṭho</span><a name="M1.0168"></a>. Abhisametabbo paṭivijjhitabbo <span class="bld">abhisamayaṭṭho,</span> pīḷanādīniyeva. Tāni hi abhisametabbabhāvena ekībhāvamupanetvā ‘‘abhisamayaṭṭho’’ti vuttāni. Abhisamayassa vā paṭivedhassa attho gocaro abhisamayaṭṭhoti tāniyeva tabbisaya-bhāvūpagamana-sāmaññato ekattena vuttāni. Ettha ca upasaggānaṃ jotakamattattā tassa tassa atthassa vācako samayasaddo evāti samayasaddassa atthuddhārepi saupasaggo abhisamayo vutto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tesu pana atthesu ayaṃ vacanattho – sahakārīkāraṇavasena sannijjhaṃ sameti samavetīti <span class="bld">samayo,</span> samavāyo. Sameti samāgacchati maggabrahmacariyamettha tadādhārapuggalavasenāti <span class="bld">samayo,</span> khaṇo. Samenti ettha, etena vā saṃgacchanti dhammā, sattā vā sahajātādīhi, uppādādīhi cāti <a name="V1.0148"></a> <span class="bld">samayo,</span> kālo. Dhammappavattimattatāya hi atthato abhūtopi kālo dhammappavattiyā adhikaraṇaṃ, karaṇaṃ viya ca parikappanāmattasiddhena rūpena voharīyati. Samaṃ, sammā vā avayavānaṃ ayanaṃ pavatti avaṭṭhānanti <span class="bld">samayo,</span> samūho yathā ‘‘samudāyo’’ti. Avayavānaṃ sahāvaṭṭhānameva hi samūho, na pana avayavavinimutto samūho nāma koci paramatthato atthi. Paccayantarasamāgame eti phalaṃ uppajjati, pavattati vā etasmāti <span class="bld">samayo,</span> hetu yathā ‘‘samudayo’’ti. So hi paccayantarasamāgamaneneva attano phalaṃ uppādaṭṭhitisamaṅgībhāvaṃ karoti. Sameti saṃyojanabhāvato sambandho hutvā eti attano visaye pavattati, daḷhaggaṇabhāvato vā taṃsaññuttā sattā ayanti etena yathābhinivesaṃ pavattantīti <span class="bld">samayo,</span> diṭṭhi. Diṭṭhisaṃyojanena hi sattā ativiya bajjhanti. Samiti saṅgati samodhānaṃ <span class="bld">samayo,</span> paṭilābho. Samassa nirodhassa yānaṃ pāpuṇanaṃ, sammā vā yānaṃ apagamo appavatti <span class="bld">samayo,</span> pahānaṃ. Abhimukhaṃ ñāṇena sammā etabbo abhigantabboti <span class="bld">abhisamayo,</span> dhammānaṃ aviparīto sabhāvo. Abhimukhabhāvena taṃ taṃ sabhāvaṃ sammā eti gacchati bujjhatīti <span class="bld">abhisamayo,</span> dhammānaṃ yathābhūtasabhāvāvabodho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca atthamattaṃ yathādhippetaṃ pati saddā abhinivisantīti na ekena saddena aneke atthā abhidhīyanti, atha kasmā idha samayasaddassa anekadhā attho vuttoti? Saccametaṃ saddavisese apekkhite saddavisese <a name="M1.0169"></a> hi apekkhite na ekena saddena anekatthābhidhānaṃ sambhavati. Na hi yo kālādiattho samaya-saddo, soyeva samūhādiatthaṃ vadati. Ettha pana tesaṃ tesamatthānaṃ samayasaddavacanīyatāsāmaññamupādāya anekatthatā samaya-saddassa vuttāti. Evaṃ sabbattha atthuddhāre. Hoti cettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sāmaññavacanīyataṃ, upādāya anekadhā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atthaṃ vade na hi saddo, eko nekatthako siyā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Samavāyādiatthānaṃ idha asambhavato, kālasseva ca apadisitabbattā <span class="bld">‘‘idha panassa kālo attho’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Desadesakādīnaṃ viya hi kālassa nidānabhāvena adhippetattā sopi idha apadisīyati. ‘Iminā kīdisaṃ kālaṃ dīpetīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tenā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Tenā</span>ti kālatthena samaya-saddena. Aḍḍhamāso pakkhavasena vutto, pubbaṇhādiko divasabhāgavasena, paṭhamayāmādiko pahāravasena. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena khaṇalayādayo saṅgahitā, aniyamitavasena <span class="bld">ekaṃ kālaṃ dīpetī</span>ti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmā <a name="V1.0149"></a> panettha aniyamitavasena kālo niddiṭṭho, na utusaṃvaccharādinā niyamitavasenāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tattha kiñcāpī’’</span>tiādi. Kiñcāpi paññāya viditaṃ suvavatthāpitaṃ, tathāpīti sambandho. Vacasā <span class="bld">dhāretuṃ vā</span> sayaṃ <span class="bld">uddisituṃ vā</span> parena <span class="bld">uddisāpetuṃ vā na sakkā</span> nānappakārabhāvato <span class="bld">bahu ca vattabbaṃ hoti</span> yāva kālappabhedo, tāva vattabbattā. <span class="bld">‘‘Ekaṃ samaya’’</span>nti vutte pana na so kālappabhedo atthi, yo etthānantogadho siyāti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘ekeneva padena tamatthaṃ samodhānetvā’’</span>ti iminā. Evaṃ lokiyasammatakālavasena samayatthaṃ dassetvā idāni sāsane pākaṭakālavasena samayatthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ye vā ime’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Apica utusaṃvaccharādivasena niyamaṃ akatvā samayasaddassa vacane ayampi guṇo laddhoyevāti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘ye vā ime’’</span>tiādimāha. Sāmaññajotanā hi visese avatiṭṭhati tassā visesaparihāravisayattā. Tattha ye ime samayāti sambandho. Bhagavato mātukucchiokkamanakālo cettha <span class="bld">gabbhokkantisamayo.</span> Cattāri nimittāni passitvā saṃvejanakālo <span class="bld">saṃvegasamayo.</span> Chabbassāni sambodhisamadhigamāya cariyakālo <a name="M1.0170"></a> <span class="bld">dukkarakārikasamayo.</span> Devasikaṃ jhānaphalasamāpattīhi vītināmanakālo <span class="bld">diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasamayo,</span> visesato pana sattasattāhāni jhānasamāpattivaḷañjanakālo. Pañcacattālīsavassāni taṃtaṃdhammadesanākālo <span class="bld">desanāsamayo. Ādi</span>-saddena yamakapāṭihāriyasamayādayo saṅgaṇhāti. <span class="bld">Pakāsā</span>ti dasasahassilokadhātupakampanaobhāsapātubhāvādīhi pākaṭā. ‘‘Ekaṃ samaya’’nti vutte tadaññepi samayā santīti atthāpattito tesu samayesu idha desanāsamayasaṅkhāto samayaviseso ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti vuttoti dīpetīti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathāvuttappabhedesuyeva samayesu ekadesaṃ pakārantarehi saṅgahetvā dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yo cāya’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha hi ñāṇakiccasamayo, attahitapaṭipattisamayo ca <span class="bld">abhisambodhisamayoyeva.</span> Ariyatuṇhībhāvasamayo <span class="bld">diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasamayo.</span> Karuṇākiccaparahitapaṭipattidhammikathāsamayo <span class="bld">desanāsamayo,</span> tasmā tesu vuttappabhedesu samayesu ekadesova pakārantarena dassitoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. ‘‘Sannipatitānaṃ vo bhikkhave dvayaṃ karaṇīyaṃ dhammī kathā vā ariyo vā tuṇhībhāvo’’ti (udā. 12) vuttasamaye sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘sannipatitānaṃ karaṇīyadvayasamayesū’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Tesupi samayesū</span>ti karuṇākiccaparahitapaṭipattidhammikathādesanāsamayesupi. Aññataraṃ samayaṃ sandhāya ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti vuttaṃ atthato abhedattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aññattha viya bhummavacanena ca karaṇavacanena ca niddesamakatvā idha upayogavacanena niddesapayojanaṃ niddhāretukāmo parammukhena codanaṃ samuṭṭhapeti <span class="bld">‘‘kasmā panetthā’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti <a name="V1.0150"></a>‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti imasmiṃ pade, karaṇavacanena niddeso kato yathāti sambandho. Bhavanti etthāti <span class="bld">bhummaṃ,</span> okāso, tattha pavattaṃ vacanaṃ vibhatti <span class="bld">bhummavacanaṃ.</span> Karoti kiriyamabhinipphādebhi etenāti <span class="bld">karaṇaṃ,</span> kiriyānipphattikāraṇaṃ. Upayujjitabbo kiriyāyāti <span class="bld">upayogo,</span> kammaṃ, tattha vacanaṃ tathā. <span class="bld">‘‘Tatthā’’</span>tiādinā yathāvuttacodanaṃ pariharati. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tesu abhidhammatadaññasuttapadavinayesu. <span class="bld">Tathā</span>ti bhummavacanakaraṇavacanehi atthasambhavato cāti yojetabbaṃ, adhikaraṇabhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇatthānaṃ, hetukaraṇatthānañca <a name="M1.0171"></a> sambhavatoti attho. <span class="bld">Idhā</span>ti idhasmiṃ suttapade. <span class="bld">Aññathā</span>ti upayogavacanena. <span class="bld">Atthasambhavato</span>ti accantasaṃyogatthassa sambhavato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Tattha hī’’</span>tiādi tabbivaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Ito</span>ti ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti suttapadato. <span class="bld">Adhikaraṇattho</span>ti ādhārattho. Bhavanaṃ <span class="bld">bhāvo,</span> kiriyā, kiriyāya kiriyantaralakkhaṇaṃ <span class="bld">bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇaṃ,</span> tadevattho tathā. Kena samayatthena idaṃ atthadvayaṃ sambhavatīti anuyoge sati tadatthadvayasambhavānurūpena samayatthena, taṃ daḷhaṃ karonto <span class="bld">‘‘adhikaraṇañhī’’</span>tiādimāha. Padatthatoyeva hi yathāvuttamatthadvayaṃ siddhaṃ, vibhatti pana jotakamattā. Tattha kālasaṅkhāto, kālasaddassa vā attho yassāti <span class="bld">kālattho. </span> Samūhasaṅkhāto, ‘samūhasaddassa vā attho yassāti <span class="bld">samūhattho,</span> ko so? Samayo. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – kālattho, samūhattho ca samayo tattha abhidhamme vuttānaṃ phassādidhammānaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ ādhāroti, yasmiṃ kāle, dhammapuñje vā kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, tasmiṃyeva kāle, dhammapuñje vā phassādayopi hontīti ayañhi tattha attho. Nanu cāyaṃ upādāpaññattimatto kālo, vohāramatto ca samūho, so kathaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ siyā tattha vuttadhammānanti? Nāyaṃ doso. Yathā hi kālo sayaṃ paramatthato avijjamānopi sabhāvadhammaparicchinnattā ādhārabhāvena paññāto, sabhāvadhammaparicchinno ca taṅkhaṇappavattānaṃ tato pubbe, parato ca abhāvato ‘‘pubbaṇhejāto, sāyanhe āgacchatī’’tiādīsu, samūho ca avayavavinimutto visuṃ avijjamānopi kappanāmattasiddhattā avayavānaṃ ādhārabhāvena paññāpīyati ‘‘rukkhe sākhā, yavarāsiyaṃ pattasambhūto’’tiādīsu, evamidhāpi sabhāvadhammaparicchinnattā, kappanāmattasiddhattā ca tadubhayaṃ tattha vuttadhammānaṃ adhikaraṇabhāvena paññāpīyatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Khaṇasamavāyahetusaṅkhātassā’’</span>tiādi bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇatthasambhavadassanaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">khaṇo</span> nāma aṭṭhakkhaṇavinimutto navamo buddhuppādakkhaṇo, yāni vā panetāni ‘‘cattārimāni bhikkhave, cakkāni, yehi <a name="M1.0172"></a> samannāgatānaṃ devamussānaṃ catucakkaṃ pavattatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.31) ettha <a name="V1.0151"></a> patirūpadesavāso sappurisūpanissayo attasammāpaṇīdhi pubbekatapuññatāti cattāri cakkāni vuttāni, tāni ekajjhaṃ katvā okāsaṭṭhena ‘‘khaṇo’’ti veditabbāni. Tāni hi kusaluppattiyā okāsabhūtāni. <span class="bld">Samavāyo</span> nāma ‘‘cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇa’’ntiādinā (ma. ni. 1.204; 3.421, 425, 426; saṃ. ni. 2.43, 44; saṃ. ni. 3.60; kathā. 465, 467) niddiṭṭhā cakkhuviññāṇādisādhāraṇaphalanipphādakattena saṇṭhitā cakkhurūpādipaccayasāmaggī. Cakkhurūpādīnañhi cakkhuviññāṇādi sādhāraṇaphalaṃ. <span class="bld">Hetu</span> nāma yonisomanasikārādijanakahetu. Yathāvuttassa khaṇasaṅkhātassa, samavāyasaṅkhātassa, hetusaṅkhātassa ca samayassa sattāsaṅkhātena bhāvena tesaṃ phassādīnaṃ dhammānaṃ sattāsaṅkhāto bhāvo lakkhīyati viññāyatīti attho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā ‘‘gāvīsu duyhamānāsu gato, duddhāsu āgato’’ti ettha dohanakiriyāya gamanakiriyā lakkhīyati, evamidhāpi yathāvuttassa samayassa sattākiriyāya cittassa uppādakiriyā, phassādīnaṃ bhavanakiriyā ca lakkhīyatīti. Nanu cettha sattākiriyā avijjamānāva, kathaṃ tāya lakkhīyatīti? Saccaṃ, tathāpi ‘‘yasmiṃ samaye’’ti ca vutte satīti ayamattho viññāyamāno evahoti aññakiriyāsambandhābhāve padatthassa sattāvirahābhāvato, tasmā atthato gamyamānāya tāya sattākiriyāya lakkhīyatīti. Ayañhi tattha attho – yasmiṃ yathāvutte khaṇe, paccayasamavāye, hetumhi vā sati kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, tasmiṃyeva khaṇe, paccayasamavāye, hetumhi vā sati phassādayopi hontīti. Ayaṃ pana attho abhidhammeyeva (aṭṭhasā. kāmāvacarakusalapadabhājanīye) nidassanavasena vutto, yathārahamesa nayo aññesupi suttapadesūti. <span class="bld">Tasmā</span>ti adhikaraṇatthassa, bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇatthassa ca sambhavato. <span class="bld">Tadatthajotanattha</span>nti tadubhayatthassa samayasaddatthabhāvena vijjamānasseva bhummavacanavasena dīpanatthaṃ. Vibhattiyo hi padīpo viya vatthuno vijjamānasseva atthassa jotakāti, ayamattho saddasatthesu pākaṭoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Hetuattho, karaṇattho ca sambhavatī</span>ti ‘‘annena vasati, vijjāya vasatī’’tiādīsu viya hetuattho, ‘‘pharasunā chindati, kudālena khaṇatī’’tiādīsu <a name="M1.0173"></a> viya karaṇattho ca sambhavati. Kathaṃ pana sambhavatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yo hi so’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Vinaye</span> (pārā. 20) āgatasikkhāpadapaññattiyācanavatthuvasena theraṃ mariyādaṃ katvā <span class="bld">‘‘sāriputtādīhipi duviññeyyo’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Tena samayena hetubhūtena karaṇabhūtenā</span>ti ettha pana taṃtaṃvatthuvītikkamova sikkhāpadapaññattiyā hetu ceva karaṇañca. Tathā hi yadā bhagavā sikkhāpadapaññattiyā paṭhamameva tesaṃ tesaṃ tattha tattha sikkhāpadapaññattihetubhūtaṃ taṃ taṃ vītikkamaṃ apekkhamāno viharati<a name="V1.0152"></a>, tadā taṃ taṃ vītikkamaṃ apekkhitvā tadatthaṃ vasatīti siddho vatthuvītikkamassa sikkhāpadapaññattihetubhāvo ‘‘annenavasatī’’tiādīsu annamapekkhitvā tadatthaṃ vasatītiādinā kāraṇena annādīnaṃ hetubhāvo viya. Sikkhāpadapaññattikāle pana teneva pubbasiddhena vītikkamena sikkhāpadaṃ paññapeti, tasmā sikkhāpadapaññattiyā sādhakatamattā karaṇabhāvopi vītikkamasseva siddho ‘‘asinā chindatī’’tiādīsu asinā chindanakiriyaṃ sādhetītiādinā kāraṇena asiādīnaṃ karaṇabhāvo viya. Evaṃ santepi vītikkamaṃ apekkhamāno teneva saddhiṃ tannissitampi kālaṃ apekkhitvā viharatīti kālassāpi idha hetubhāvo vutto, sikkhāpadaṃ paññapento ca taṃ taṃ vītikkamakālaṃ anatikkamitvā teneva kālena sikkhāpadaṃ paññapetīti vītikkamanissayassa kālassāpi karaṇabhāvo vutto, tasmā iminā pariyāyena kālassāpi hetubhāvo, karaṇabhāvo ca labbhatīti vuttaṃ ‘‘tena samayena hetubhūtena karaṇabhūtenā’’ti, nippariyāyena pana vītikkamoyeva hetubhūto, karaṇabhūto ca. So hi vītikkamakkhaṇe hetu hutvā pacchā sikkhāpadapaññāpanakkhaṇe karaṇampi hotīti. <span class="bld">Sikkhāpadāni paññāpayanto</span>ti vītikkamaṃ pucchitvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā otiṇṇavatthuṃ taṃ puggalaṃ paṭipucchitvā, vigarahitvā ca taṃ taṃ vatthuotiṇṇakālaṃ anatikkamitvā teneva kālena karaṇabhūtena sikkhāpadāni paññapento. <span class="bld">Sikkhāpadapaññattihetuñca apekkhamāno</span>ti tatiyapārājikādīsu (pārā. 162) viya sikkhāpadapaññattiyā hetubhūtaṃ taṃ taṃ vatthuvītikkamasamayaṃ apekkhamāno tena samayena hetubhūtena bhagavā tattha tattha vihāsīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Sikkhāpadāni <a name="M1.0174"></a> paññāpayanto, sikkhāpadapaññattihetuñca apekkhamāno’’ti idaṃ yathākkamaṃ karaṇabhāvassa, hetubhāvassa ca samatthanavacanaṃ, tasmā tadanurūpaṃ ‘‘tenasamayena karaṇabhūtena hetubhūtenā’’ti evaṃ vattabbepi paṭhamaṃ ‘‘hetubhūtenā’’ti uppaṭipāṭivacanaṃ tattha hetubhāvassa sātisayamadhippetattā vuttanti veditabbaṃ. ‘‘Bhagavā hi verañjāyaṃ viharanto dhammasenāpatittherassa sikkhāpadapaññattiyācanahetubhūtaṃ parivitakkasamayaṃ apekkhamāno tena samayena hetubhūtena vihāsī’’ti tīsupi kira <span class="bld">gaṇṭhipadesu</span> vuttaṃ. ‘‘Kiṃ panettha yutticintāya, ācariyassa idha kamavacanicchā natthīti evametaṃ gahetabbaṃ – aññāsupi hi aṭṭhakathāsu ayameva anukkamo vutto, na ca tāsu ‘tena samayena verañjāyaṃ viharatī’ti vinayapāḷipade hetuatthasseva sātisayaṃ adhippetabhāvadīpanatthaṃ vutto avisayattā, sikkhāpadāni paññāpayanto hetubhūtena, karaṇabhūtena ca samayena vihāsi, sikkhāpadapaññattihetuñca apekkhamāno hetubhūtena samayena vihāsīti evamettha yathālābhaṃ sambandhabhāvato evaṃ vutto’’tipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Tasmā</span>ti <a name="V1.0153"></a> yathāvuttassa duvidhassāpi atthassa sambhavato. <span class="bld">Tadatthajotanattha</span>nti vuttanayena karaṇavacanena tadubhayatthassa jotanatthaṃ. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tasmiṃ vinaye. Ettha ca sikkhāpadapaññattiyā eva vītikkamasamayassa sādhakatamattā tassa karaṇabhāve ‘‘sikkhāpadāni paññāpayanto’’ti ajjhāharitapadena sambandho, hetubhāve pana tadapekkhanamattattā ‘‘viharatī’’ti padenevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tathāyeva hi vuttaṃ ‘‘tena samayena hetubhūtena, karaṇabhūtena ca sikkhāpadāni paññāpayanto, sikkhāpadapaññattihetuñca apekkhamāno bhagavā tattha tattha vihāsī’’ti. Karaṇañhi kiriyatthaṃ, na hetu viya kiriyākāraṇaṃ. Hetu pana kiriyākāraṇaṃ, na karaṇaṃ viya kiriyatthoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Idha panā’’</span>tiādinā upayogavacanassa accantasaṃyogatthasambhavadassanaṃ, accantameva dabbaguṇakiriyāhi saṃyogo <span class="bld">accantasaṃyogo,</span> nirantarameva tehi saṃyuttabhāvoti vuttaṃ hoti. Soyevattho tathā. <span class="bld">Evaṃjātike</span>ti evaṃsabhāve. Kathaṃ sambhavatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yañhī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Accantamevā</span>ti ārabbhato paṭṭhāya yāva desanāniṭṭhānaṃ, tāva ekaṃsameva, nirantaramevāti attho. <span class="bld">Karuṇāvihārenā</span>ti parahitapaṭipattisaṅkhātena karuṇāvihārena. Tathā hi karuṇānidānattā <a name="M1.0175"></a> desanāya idha parahitapaṭipatti ‘‘karuṇāvihāro’’ti vuttā, na pana karuṇāsamāpattivihāro. Na hi desanākāle desetabbadhammavisayassa desanāñāṇassa sattavisayāya mahākaruṇāya sahuppatti sambhavati bhinnavisayattā, tasmā karuṇāya pavatto vihāroti katvā parahitapaṭipattivihāro idha ‘‘karuṇāvihāro’’ti veditabbo. <span class="bld">Tasmā</span>ti accantasaṃyogatthasambhavato. <span class="bld">Tadatthajotanattha</span>nti vuttanayena upayogavibhattiyā tadatthassa jotanatthaṃ upayoganiddeso kato yathā ‘‘māsaṃ sajjhāyati, divasaṃ bhuñjatī’’ti. <span class="bld">Tenā</span>ti yena kāraṇena abhidhamme, ito aññesu ca suttapadesu bhummavacanassa adhikaraṇattho, bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇattho ca, vinaye karaṇavacanassa hetuattho, karaṇattho ca idha upayogavacanassa accantasaṃyogattho sambhavati, tenāti attho. <span class="bld">Eta</span>nti yathā vuttassatthassa saṅgahagāthāpadaṃ <span class="bld">aññatrā</span>ti abhidhamme ito aññesu suttapadesu, vinaye ca. <span class="bld">Samayo</span>ti samayasaddo. Saddeyeva hi vibhattiparā bhavatiatthe asambhavato. <span class="bld">So</span>ti sveva samayasaddo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ attano matiṃ dassetvā idāni porāṇācariyamatiṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘porāṇā panā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Porāṇā</span>ti ca purimā aṭṭhakathācariyā. ‘‘Tasmiṃ samaye’’ti vā…pe… ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti vā esa bhedoti sambandho. <span class="bld">Abhilāpamattabhedo</span>ti vacanamattena bhedo viseso, na pana atthena, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘sabbattha bhummamevattho’’</span>ti, sabbesupi atthato ādhāro eva atthoti vuttaṃ hoti<a name="V1.0154"></a>. Iminā ca vacanena suttavinayesu vibhattivipariṇāmo kato, bhummatthe vā upayogakaraṇavibhattiyo siddhāti dasseti. <span class="bld">‘‘Tasmā’’</span>tiādinā tesaṃ matidassane guṇamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhāriyaṭṭhena <span class="bld">garu.</span> Tadevatthaṃ saṅketato samattheti <span class="bld">‘‘garuṃ hī’’</span>tiādinā saṅketavisayo hi saddo taṃvavatthitoyeva cesa atthabodhakoti. <span class="bld">Garu</span>nti garukātabbaṃ janaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Loke’’</span>ti iminā na kevalaṃ sāsaneyeva, lokepi garukātabbaṭṭhena <span class="bld">bhagavā</span>ti saṅketasiddhīti dasseti. Yadi garukātabbaṭṭhena bhagavā, atha ayameva sātisayaṃ bhagavā nāmāti dassento ‘‘ayañcā’’tiādimāha. Tathā hi lokanātho aparimitanirupamappabhāvasīlādiguṇavisesasamaṅgitāya, sabbānatthaparihārapubbaṅgamāya <a name="M1.0176"></a> niravasesahitasukhavidhānatapparāya niratisayāya payogasampattiyā sadevamanussāya pajāya accantupakāritāya ca aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ uttamaṃ gāravaṭṭhānanti. Na kevalaṃ lokeyeva, atha kho sāsanepīti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘porāṇehī’’</span>tiādinā, <span class="bld">porāṇehī</span>ti ca aṭṭhakathācariyehīti attho. Seṭṭhavācakavacanampi seṭṭhaguṇasahacaraṇato seṭṭhamevāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭha’’</span>nti. Vuccati attho, etenāti hi <span class="bld">vacanaṃ,</span> saddo. Atha vā vuccatīti <span class="bld">vacanaṃ,</span> attho, tasmā yo ‘‘bhagavā’’ti vacanena vacanīyo attho, so seṭṭhoti attho. <span class="bld">Bhagavāti vacanamuttama</span>nti etthāpi eseva nayo. <span class="bld">Gāravayutto</span>ti garubhāvayutto garuguṇayogattā, sātisayaṃ vā garukaraṇārahatāya <span class="bld">gāravayutto,</span> gāravārahoti attho. Yena kāraṇattayena so tathāgato garu bhāriyaṭṭhena, tena ‘‘bhagavā’’ti vuccatīti sambandho. Garutākāraṇadassanañhetaṃ padattayaṃ. ‘‘Sippādisikkhāpakāpi garūyeva nāma honti, na ca gāravayuttā, ayaṃ pana tādiso na hoti, tasmā garūti katvā ‘gāravayutto’ti vutta’’nti keci. Evaṃ sati tadetaṃ visesanapadamattaṃ, purimapadadvayameva kāraṇadassanaṃ siyā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Apicā</span>ti atthantaravikappatthe nipāto, aparo nayoti attho. Tattha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vaṇṇagamo vaṇṇavipariyāyo,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Dve cāpare vaṇṇavikāranāsā;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Dhātūnamatthātisayena yogo,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Taduccate pañcavidhā niruttī’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Vuttaṃ niruttilakkhaṇaṃ gahetvā, ‘‘pisodarādīni yathopadiṭṭha’’nti vuttasaddanayena vā pisodarādiākatigaṇapakkhepalakkhaṇaṃ <a name="V1.0155"></a> gahetvā lokiya lokuttarasukhābhinibbattakaṃ sīlādipārappattaṃ bhāgyamassa atthīti ‘‘bhāgyavā’’ti vattabbe ‘‘bhagavā’’ti vuttanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘bhāgyavā’’</span>ti. Tathā anekabhedabhinnakilesasatasahassāni, saṅkhepato vā pañcamāre abhañjīti ‘‘bhaggavā’’ti vattabbe ‘‘bhagavā’’ti vuttanti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘bhaggavā’’</span>ti iminā. Loke <a name="M1.0177"></a> ca bhaga-saddo issariyadhammayasasirīkāmapayattesu chasu dhammesu pavattati, te ca bhagasaṅkhātā dhammā assa santīti bhagavāti atthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yutto bhagehi cā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Kusalādīhi anekabhedehi sabbadhamme vibhaji vibhajitvā vivaritvā desesīti ‘‘vibhattavā’’ti vattabbe ‘‘bhagavā’’ti vuttanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘vibhattavā’’</span>ti. Dibbabrahmaariyavihāre, kāyacittaupadhiviveke, suññatānimittāppaṇihitavimokkhe, aññe ca lokiyalokuttare uttarimanussadhamme bhaji sevi bahulamakāsīti ‘‘bhattavā’’ti vattabbe ‘‘bhagavā’’ti vuttanti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘bhattavā’’</span>ti iminā. Tīsu bhavesu taṇhāsaṅkhātaṃ gamanamanena vantaṃ vamitanti ‘‘bhavesu vantagamano’’ti vattabbe bhavasaddato bha-kāraṃ gamanasaddato ga-kāraṃ vantasaddato va-kāraṃ ādāya, tassa ca dīghaṃ katvā vaṇṇavipariyāyena ‘‘bhagavā’’ti vuttanti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘vantagamano bhavesū’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Yato bhāgyavā, tato bhagavā’’tiādinā paccekaṃ yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Assa padassā</span>ti ‘‘bhagavā’’ti padassa. <span class="bld">Vitthārattho</span>ti vitthārabhūto attho. <span class="bld">‘‘So cā’’</span>tiādinā ganthamahattaṃ pariharati. <span class="bld">Vuttoyeva,</span> na pana idha pana vattabbo visuddhimaggassa imissā aṭṭhakathāya ekadesabhāvatoti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica bhage vani, vamīti vā <span class="bld">bhagavā.</span> So hi bhage sīlādiguṇe vani bhaji sevi, te vā bhagasaṅkhāte sīlādiguṇe vineyyasantānesu ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho uppajjeyyu’’nti vani yāci patthayi, evaṃ bhage vanīti <span class="bld">bhagavā,</span> bhage vā siriṃ, issariyaṃ, yasañca vami kheḷapiṇḍaṃ viya chaḍḍayi. Tathā hi bhagavā hatthagataṃ cakkavattisiriṃ, catudīpissariyaṃ, cakkavattisampattisannissayañca sattaratanasamujjalaṃ yasaṃ anapekkho chaḍḍayi. Atha vā bhāni nāma nakkhattāni, tehi samaṃ gacchanti pavattantīti <span class="bld">bhagā</span> ākārassa rassaṃ katvā, sineruyugandharādigatā bhājanalokasobhā. Tā bhagā vami tappaṭibaddhachandarāgappahānena pajahi, evaṃ bhage vamīti <span class="bld">bhagavā</span>ti evamādīhi tattha tatthāgatanayehi cassa attho vattabbo, amhehi pana so ganthabhīrujanānuggahaṇatthaṃ, ganthagarutāpariharaṇatthañca ajjhupekkhitoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evametesaṃ avayavatthaṃ dassetvā idāni samudāyatthaṃ dassento purimapadattayassa samudāyatthena vuttāvasesena tesamatthānaṃ paṭiyogitāya tenāpi saha dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ettāvatā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Ettāvatā</span>ti <a name="V1.0156"></a><a name="M1.0178"></a> etassa ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’nti vacanena ‘‘ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā’’ tivacanenāti imehi sambandho. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti etasmiṃ nidānavacane. <span class="bld">Yathāsutaṃ dhammaṃ desento</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">anta</span>-saddo hetuattho. Tathādesitattā hi paccakkhaṃ karoti nāma. Esa nayo aparatthāpi. ‘‘Yo kho ānanda, mayā dhammo ca…pe… satthā’’ti vacanato dhammassa satthubhāvapariyāyo vijjatevāti katvā <span class="bld">‘‘dhammasarīraṃ paccakkhaṃ karotī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Dhammakāya</span>nti hi bhagavato sambandhībhūtaṃ dhammasaṅkhātaṃ kāyanti attho. Tathā ca vuttaṃ ‘‘dhammakāyoti bhikkhave, tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacana’’nti. Taṃ pana kimatthiyanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tenā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Tenā</span>ti ca tādisena paccakkhakaraṇenāti attho. <span class="bld">Idaṃ</span> adhunā vakkhamānasuttaṃ <span class="bld">pāvacanaṃ</span> pakaṭṭhaṃ uttamaṃ buddhassa bhagavato vacanaṃ nāma. Tasmā tumhākaṃ <span class="bld">atikkantasatthukaṃ</span> atītasatthukabhāvo <span class="bld">na</span> hotīti attho. Bhāvappadhāno hi ayaṃ niddeso, bhāvalopo vā, itarathā pāvacanameva anatikkantasatthukaṃ, satthuadassanena pana ukkaṇṭhitassa janassa atikkantasatthukabhāvoti attho āpajjeyya, evañca sati ‘‘ayaṃ vo satthāti satthuadassanena ukkaṇṭhitaṃ janaṃ samassāsetī’’ tivacanena saha virodho bhaveyyāti vadanti. Idaṃ pāvacanaṃ satthukiccanipphādanena na atītasatthukanti pana attho. <span class="bld">Satthū</span>ti kammatthe chaṭṭhī, samāsapadaṃ vā etaṃ <span class="bld">satthuadassanenā</span>ti. Ukkaṇṭhanaṃ <span class="bld">ukkaṇṭho,</span> kicchajīvitā. ‘‘Kaṭha kicchajīvane’’ti hi vadanti. Tamito pattoti ukkaṇṭhito, anabhiratiyā vā pīḷito vikkhittacitto hutvā sīsaṃ ukkhipitvā uddhaṃ kaṇṭhaṃ katvā ito cito ca olokento āhiṇḍati, viharati cāti ukkaṇṭhito niruttinayena, taṃ <span class="bld">ukkaṇṭhitaṃ.</span> Saddasāmatthiyādhigatamatto cesa, vohārato pana anabhiratiyā pīḷitanti attho. Esa nayo sabbattha. <span class="bld">Samassāsetī</span>ti assāsaṃ janeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tasmiṃ samaye</span>ti imassa suttassa saṅgītisamaye. Kāmaṃ vijjamānepi bhagavati evaṃ vattumarahati, idha pana avijjamāneyeva tasmiṃ evaṃ vadati, tasmā sandhāyabhāsitavasena tadatthaṃ dassetīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘avijjamānabhāvaṃ dassento’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Parinibbāna</span>nti anupādisesanibbānadhātuvasena khandhaparinibbānaṃ. <span class="bld">Tenā</span>ti tathāsādhanena. <span class="bld">Evaṃvidhassā</span>ti evaṃpakārassa, evaṃsabhāvassātipi <a name="M1.0179"></a> attho. <span class="bld">Nāma</span>-saddo garahāyaṃ nipāto ‘‘atthi nāma ānanda theraṃ bhikkhuṃ vihesiyamānaṃ ajjhupekkhissathā’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 5.166) viya, tena ediso api bhagavā parinibbuto, kā nāma kathā aññesanti garahatthaṃ joteti. <span class="bld">Ariyadhammassā</span>ti ariyānaṃ dhammassa, ariyabhūtassa vā dhammassa. Dasavidhassa kāyabalassa, ñāṇabalassa ca vasena <span class="bld">dasabaladharo.</span> Vajirassa nāma maṇivisesassa saṅghāto samūho ekagghano, tena samāno kāyo yassāti tathā. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā vajirasaṅghāto nāma na aññena maṇinā <a name="V1.0157"></a> vā pāsāṇena vā bhejjo, api tu soyeva aññaṃ maṇiṃ vā pāsāṇaṃ vā bhindati. Teneva vuttaṃ ‘‘vajirassa natthi koci abhejjo maṇi vā pāsāṇo vā’’ti, evaṃ bhagavāpi kenaci abhejjasarīro. Na hi bhagavato rūpakāye kenaci antarāyo kātuṃ sakkāti. Nāmasaddassa garahājotakattā pi-saddo sampiṇḍanajotako ‘‘na kevalaṃ bhagavāyeva, atha kho aññepī’’ti. Ettha ca evaṃguṇasamannāgatattā aparinibbutasabhāvena bhavituṃ yuttopi esa parinibbuto evāti pakaraṇānurūpamatthaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘eva’’ntiādi vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Āsā</span> patthanā kena <span class="bld">janetabbā,</span> na janetabbā evāti attho. ‘‘Ahaṃ ciraṃ jīviṃ, ciraṃ jīvāmi, ciraṃ jīvissāmi, sukhaṃ jīviṃ, sukhaṃ jīvāmi, sukhaṃ jīvissāmī’’ti majjanavasena uppanno māno <span class="bld">jīvitamado</span> nāma, tena matto pamatto tathā. <span class="bld">Saṃvejetī</span>ti saṃvegaṃ janeti, tatoyeva assa janassa saddhamme ussāhaṃ janeti. Saṃvejanañhi ussāhahetu ‘‘saṃviggo yoniso padahatī’’ti vacanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Desanāsampattiṃ niddisati</span> vakkhamānassa sakalasuttassa ‘‘eva’’nti nidassanato. <span class="bld">Sāvakasampatti</span>nti suṇantapuggalasampattiṃ niddisati paṭisambhidāppattena pañcasu ṭhānesu bhagavatā etadagge ṭhapitena, pañcasu ca kosallesu āyasmatā dhammasenāpatinā pasaṃsitena mayā mahāsāvakena sutaṃ, tañca kho sayameva sutaṃ na anussutaṃ, na ca paramparābhatanti atthassa dīpanato. <span class="bld">Kālasampattiṃ</span> niddisati bhagavātisadasannidhāne payuttassa samayasaddassa buddhuppāda-paṭimaṇḍita-samaya-bhāva-dīpanato. Buddhuppādaparamā hi kālasampadā. Tenetaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kappakasāyakaliyuge<a name="M1.0180"></a>, buddhuppādo aho mahacchariyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Hutavahamajjhe jātaṃ, samuditamakarandamaravinda’’nti. (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.1; saṃ. ni. ṭī. 1.1);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassāyamattho – kappasaṅkhātakālasañcayassa lekhanavasena pavatte kaliyugasaṅkhāte sakarājasammate vassādisamūhe jāto buddhuppādakhaṇasaṅkhāto dinasamūho andhassa pabbatārohanamiva kadāci pavattanaṭṭhena, accharaṃ paharituṃ yuttaṭṭhena ca mahacchariyaṃ hoti. Kimiva jātanti ce? Hutavahasaṅkhātassa pāvakassa majjhe sammā uditamadhumantaṃ aravindasaṅkhātaṃ vārijamiva jātanti. <span class="bld">Desakasampattiṃ</span> niddisati guṇavisiṭṭhasattuttamagāravādhivacanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ padachakkassa padānukkamena nānappakārato atthavaṇṇanaṃ katvā idāni ‘‘antarā ca rājagaha’’ntiādīnaṃ <a name="V1.0158"></a> padānamatthavaṇṇanaṃ karonto <span class="bld">‘‘antarā cā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Antarā ca rājagahaṃ antarā ca nāḷanda</span>nti ettha samabhiniviṭṭho antarā-saddo dissati sāmaññavacanīyatthamapekkhitvā pakaraṇādisāmatthiyādigatatthamantarenāti attho. Evaṃ panassa nānatthabhāvo payogato avagamīyatīti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘tadantara’’</span>ntiādinā. Tattha <span class="bld">tadantara</span>nti taṃ kāraṇaṃ. Mañca tañca mantenti, kimantaraṃ kiṃ kāraṇanti attho. <span class="bld">Vijjantarikāyā</span>ti vijjuniccharaṇakkhaṇe. Dhovantī itthī addasāti sambandho. <span class="bld">Antarato</span>ti hadaye. <span class="bld">Kopā</span>ti cittakālussiyakaraṇato cittapakopā rāgādayo. <span class="bld">Antarā vosāna</span>nti ārambhanipphattīnaṃ vemajjhe pariyosānaṃ āpādi. <span class="bld">Apicā</span>ti tathāpi, evaṃ pabhavasampannepīti attho. <span class="bld">Dvinnaṃ mahānirayāna</span>nti lohakumbhīniraye sandhāyāha. <span class="bld">Antarikāyā</span>ti antarena. Rājagahanagaraṃ kira āvijjhitvā mahāpetaloko. Tattha dvinnaṃ mahālohakumbhīnirayānaṃ antarena ayaṃ tapodā nadī āgacchati, tasmā sā kuthitā sandatīti. <span class="bld">Svāyamidha vivare pavattati</span> tadaññesamasambhavato. Ettha ca ‘‘tadantaraṃ ko jāneyya, (a. ni. 6.44; 10.75) etesaṃ antarā kappā, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyā, (bu. vaṃ. 28.9) antarantarā kathaṃ opātetī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.426; pahā. va. 66; cūḷava. 376) viya kāraṇavemajjhesu vattamānā antarāsaddāyeva udāharitabbā siyuṃ, na pana cittakhaṇavivaresu vattamānā antarikaantarasaddā<a name="M1.0181"></a>. Antarāsaddassa hi ayamatthuddhāroti. Ayaṃ panetthādhippāyo siyā – yesu atthesu antarikasaddo, antarasaddo ca pavattati, tesu antarāsaddopīti samānatthattā antarāsaddatthe vattamāno antarikasaddo, antarasaddo, ca udāhaṭoti. Atha vā antarāsaddoyeva ‘‘yassantarato’’ti (udā. 20) ettha gāthābandhasukhatthaṃ rassaṃ katvā vutto –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yassantarato na santi kopā,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Itibhavābhavatañca vītivatto;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Taṃ vigatabhayaṃ sukhiṃ asokaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Devā nānubhavanti dassanāyā’’ti. (udā. 20); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Hi ayaṃ udāne <span class="bld">bhaddiyasutte</span> gāthā. Soyeva ika-saddena sakatthapavattena padaṃ vaḍḍhetvā ‘‘antarikāyā’’ti ca vutto, tasmā udāharaṇodāharitabbānamettha virodhābhāvo veditabboti. Kimatthaṃ atthavisesaniyamo katoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tasmā’’</span>tiādi. Nanu cettha upayogavacanameva, atha kasmā sambandhīyattho vutto, sambandhīyatthe vā kasmā upayogavacanaṃ katanti anuyogasambhavato taṃ pariharituṃ <span class="bld">‘‘antarāsaddena panā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ, tena sambandhīyatthe sāmivacanappasaṅge <a name="V1.0159"></a> saddantarayogena laddhamidaṃ upayogavacananti dasseti, na kevalaṃ sāsaneva, lokepi evamevidaṃ laddhanti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘īdisesu cā’’</span>tiādimāha. Visesayogatādassanamukhena hi ayamatthopi dassito. Ekenapi antarā-saddena yuttattā dve upayogavacanāni kātabbāni. Dvīhi pana yoge kā kathāti atthassa sijjhanato. Akkharaṃ cintenti liṅgavibhattiyādīhīti <span class="bld">akkharacintakā,</span> saddavidū. Akkhara-saddena cettha tammūlakāni padādīnipi gahetabbāni. Yadipi saddato ekameva yujjanti, atthato pana so dvikkhattuṃ yojetabbo ekassāpi padassa āvuttiyādinayena anekadhā sampajjanatoti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘dutiyapadenapī’’</span>tiādinā. Ko pana doso ayojiteti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ayojiyamāne upayogavacanaṃ na pāpuṇātī’’</span>ti. Dutiyapadaṃ na pāpuṇātīti attho saddantarayogavasā saddeyeva sāmivacanappasaṅge upayogavibhattiyā icchitattā. Saddādhikāro hi vibhattipayogo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Addhāna</span>-saddo <a name="M1.0182"></a> dīghapariyāyoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘dīghamagga’’</span>nti. Kittāvatā pana so dīgho nāma tadatthabhūtoti codanamapaneti <span class="bld">‘‘addhānagamanasamayassa hī’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Addhānagamanasamayassa vibhaṅge</span>ti gaṇabhojanasikkhāpadādīsu addhānagamanasamayasaddassa padabhājanīyabhūte vibhaṅge (pāci. 217). <span class="bld">Aḍḍhayojanampi addhānamaggo,</span> pageva taduttari. Aḍḍhameva yojanassa <span class="bld">aḍḍhayojanaṃ,</span> dvigāvutamattaṃ. Idha pana catugāvutappamāṇaṃ yojanameva, tasmā ‘‘addhānamaggapaṭipanno’’ti vadatīti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mahantasaddo uttamattho, bahvattho ca idhādhippetoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘mahatā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Guṇamahattenā</span>ti appicchatādiguṇamahantabhāvena. <span class="bld">Saṅkhyāmahattenā</span>ti gaṇanamahantabhāvena. Tadevatthaṃ samattheti <span class="bld">‘‘so hī’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">So bhikkhusaṅgho</span>ti idha āgato tadā parivārabhūto bhikkhusaṅgho. <span class="bld">Mahā</span>ti uttamo. Vākyepi hi tamicchanti payogavasā. <span class="bld">Appicchatā</span>ti nillobhatā saddo cettha sāvaseso, attho pana niravaseso. Na hi ‘‘appalobhatāti abhitthavitumarahatī’’ti <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāsu</span> vuttaṃ. Majjhimāgamaṭīkākāro pana <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālatthero</span> evamāha ‘‘appasaddassa parittapariyāyaṃ manasi katvā ‘byañjanaṃ sāvasesaṃ viyā’ti (mahāni. aṭṭha. 85) <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> vuttaṃ. Appasaddo panettha ‘abhāvattho’ tipi sakkā viññātuṃ ‘appābādhatañcasañjānāmī’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.225) viyā’’ti. <span class="bld">Saṅkhyāyapi mahā</span>ti gaṇanāyapi bahu ahosi, ‘‘bhikkhusaṅgho’’ti padāvatthikantavacanavasena saṃvaṇṇetabbapadassa chedanamiva hotīti tadaparāmasitvā ‘‘tena bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti puna vākyāvatthikantavacanavasena saṃvaṇṇetabbapadena sadisīkaraṇaṃ. Esā hi saṃvaṇṇanakānaṃ pakati, yadidaṃ vibhattiyānapekkhāvasena yathārahaṃ saṃvaṇṇetabbapadatthaṃ <a name="V1.0160"></a> saṃvaṇṇetvā puna tattha vijjamānavibhattivasena parivattetvā nikkhipananti. Diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena saṃhatattā saṅghoti imamatthaṃ vibhāvento āha <span class="bld">‘‘diṭṭhisīlasāmaññasaṅghātena samaṇagaṇenā’’</span>ti. Ettha pana ‘‘yāyaṃ diṭṭhi ariyā niyyānikā niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāya, tathārūpāya diṭṭhiyā diṭṭhisāmaññagato viharatī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.324, 356; ma. ni. 1.492; 3.54; pari. 274) evaṃ vuttāya diṭṭhiyā. ‘‘Yāni tāni sīlāni akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni bhujissāni <a name="M1.0183"></a> viññuppasatthāni aparāmaṭṭhāni samādhisaṃvattanikāni, tathārūpesu sīlesu sīlasāmaññagato viharatī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.323; ma. ni. 1.492; 3.54; a. ni. 6.11; pari. 274) evaṃ vuttānañca sīlānaṃ sāmaññena saṅghāto saṅghaṭito sametoti <span class="bld">diṭṭhisīlasāmaññasaṅghāto,</span> samaṇagaṇo, diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena saṃhatoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">‘‘Diṭṭhisīlasāmaññasaṅghāṭasaṅkhātenā’’</span> tipi pāṭho. Tathā saṅkhātena katitenāti attho. Tathā hi diṭṭhisīlādīnaṃ niyatasabhāvattā sotāpannāpi aññamaññaṃ diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena saṃhatā, pageva sakadāgāmiādayo, tathā ca vuttaṃ ‘‘niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’’ti, (saṃ. ni. 2.41; 5.198, 1004) ‘‘aṭṭhānametaṃ bhikkhave, anavakāso, yaṃ diṭṭhisampanno puggalo sañciccapāṇaṃ jīvitā voropeyya, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī’’ti ca ādi. Ariyapuggalassa hi yattha katthaci dūre ṭhitāpi attano guṇasāmaggiyā saṃhatatāyeva, ‘‘tathārūpāya diṭṭhiyā diṭṭhisāmaññagato viharati, (ma. ni. 1.492) tathārūpesu sīlesu sīlasāmaññagato viharatī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.492) vacanato pana puthujjanānampi diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena saṃhatabhāvo labbhatiyeva. <span class="bld">Saddhiṃ</span>-saddo ekatoti atthe nipāto. <span class="bld">Pañca…pe… mattānī</span>ti pañca-saddena mattasaddaṃ saṅkhipitvā bāhiratthasamāso vutto. <span class="bld">Etesa</span>nti bhikkhusatānaṃ. Puna pañca mattā pamāṇāti byāso, nikāralopo cettha napuṃsakaliṅgattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Suppiyo</span>ti tassa nāmameva, na guṇādi. Na kevalaṃ bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ bhagavāyeva, atha kho suppiyopi paribbājako brahmadattena māṇavena saddhinti puggalaṃ sampiṇḍeti, tañca kho maggapaṭipannasabhāgatāya eva, na sīlācārādisabhāgatāyāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘pi-kāro’’</span>tiādi. Sukhuccāraṇavasena pubbāparapadānaṃ sambandhamattakarabhāvaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘padasandhikaro’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, na pana sarabyañjanādisandhibhāvaṃ, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘byañjanasiliṭṭhatāvasena vutto’’</span>ti, etena padapūraṇamattanti dasseti. Apica avadhāraṇatthopi kho-saddo yutto ‘‘assosi kho verañjo brāhmaṇo’’tiādīsu (pārā. 1) viya, tena addhānamaggapaṭipanno ahosiyeva, nāssa maggapaṭipattiyā koci antarāyo ahosīti ayamattho dīpito hoti. <span class="bld">Sañjayassā</span>ti rājagahavāsino <a name="V1.0161"></a> sañjayanāmassa paribbājakassa, yassa santike paṭhamaṃ upatissakolitāpi pabbajiṃsu channaparibbājakova<a name="M1.0184"></a>, na acelakaparibbājako. <span class="bld">‘‘Yadā, tadā’’</span>ti ca etena samakālameva addhānamaggapaṭipannataṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Atītakālattho</span> pāḷiyaṃ <span class="bld">hotisaddo</span> yogavibhāgena, taṃkālāpekkhāya vā evaṃ vuttaṃ, tadā hotīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ante</span>ti samīpe. <span class="bld">Vasatī</span>ti vattapaṭivattādikaraṇavasena sabbiriyāpathasādhāraṇavacanaṃ, avacaratīti vuttaṃ hoti, tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘samīpacāro santikāvacaro sisso’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Coditā devadūtehī</span>ti daharakumāro jarājiṇṇasatto gilāno kammakāraṇā, kammakāraṇikā vā matasattoti imehi pañcahi devadūtehi <span class="bld">coditā</span> ovaditā saṃvegaṃ uppāditā samānāpi. Te hi devā viya dūtā, visuddhidevānaṃ vā dūtāti <span class="bld">devadūtā. Hīnakāyūpagā</span>ti apāyakāyamupagatā. Narasaṅkhātā te māṇavāti sambandho. Sāmaññavasena cettha satto ‘‘māṇavo’’ti vutto, itare pana visesavasena. Pakaraṇādhigato hesa atthuddhāroti. <span class="bld">Katakammehī</span>ti katacorakammehi. <span class="bld">Taruṇo</span>ti soḷasavassato paṭṭhāya pattavīsativasso, <span class="bld">udānaṭṭhakathāyañhi</span> ‘‘sattā jātadivasato paṭṭhāya yāva pañcadasavassakā, tāva ‘kumārakā, bālā’ti ca vuccanti. Tato paraṃ vīsativassāni ‘yuvāno’’’ti (udā. aṭṭha. 44) vuttaṃ. Taruṇo, māṇavo, yuvāti ca atthato ekaṃ, lokiyā pana ‘‘dvādasavassato paṭṭhāya yāva jaramappatto, tāva taruṇo’’tipi vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tesu vā dvīsu janesū</span>ti niddhāraṇe bhummaṃ. Yo vā ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti pubbe adhigato kālo, tassa paṭiniddeso <span class="bld">tatrā</span>ti yañhi samayaṃ bhagavā antarā rājagahañca nāḷandañca addhānamaggapaṭipanno, tasmiṃyeva samaye suppiyopi taṃ addhānamaggaṃ paṭipanno avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, brahmadatto ca vaṇṇaṃ bhāsatīti. <span class="bld">Nipātamatta</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">matta</span>saddena visesatthābhāvato padapūraṇattaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Madhupiṇḍikapariyāyo</span>ti madhupiṇḍikadesanā nāma iti naṃ suttantaṃ <span class="bld">dhārehi, rājaññā</span>ti pāyāsirājaññanāmakaṃ rājānamālapati. Pariyāyati parivattatīti <span class="bld">pariyāyo,</span> vāro. Pariyāyeti desetabbamatthaṃ paṭipādetīti <span class="bld">pariyāyo,</span> desanā. Pariyāyati attano phalaṃ paṭiggahetvā pavattatīti <span class="bld">pariyāyo,</span> kāraṇaṃ. Anekasaddeneva anekavidhenāti attho viññāyati adhippāyamattenāti <a name="M1.0185"></a> āha <span class="bld">‘‘anekavidhenā’’</span>ti. Kāraṇañcettha kāraṇapatirūpakameva, na ekaṃsakāraṇaṃ avaṇṇakāraṇassa abhūtattā, tasmā <span class="bld">kāraṇenā</span>ti kāraṇapatirūpakenāti attho. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘akāraṇameva ‘kāraṇa’nti vatvā’’ti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1). Jātivasenidaṃ bahvatthe ekavacananti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘bahūhī’’</span>tiādinā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Avaṇṇavirahitassa</span> <a name="V1.0162"></a> <span class="bld">asamānavaṇṇasamannāgatassapī’’</span>ti vakkhamānakāraṇassa akāraṇabhāvahetudassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ, dosavirahitassapi asadisaguṇasamannāgatassāpīti attho. Buddhassa bhagavato avaṇṇaṃ dosaṃ nindanti sambandho. <span class="bld">‘‘Yaṃ loke’’</span>tiādinā arasarūpanibbhogaakiriyavādaucchedavādajegucchīvenayikatapassīapagabbhabhāvānaṃ kāraṇapatirūpakaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Tasmā</span>ti hi etaṃ ‘‘arasarūpo…pe… apagabbho’’ti imehi padehi sambandhitabbaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – lokasammato abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānaañjalīkammasāmīcikammaāsanābhinimantanasaṅkhāto sāmaggīraso samaṇassa gotamassa natthi, tasmā so sāmaggīrasasaṅkhātena rasena asampannasabhāvo, tena sāmaggīrasasaṅkhātena paribhogena asamannāgato. Tassa akattabbatāvādo, ucchijjitabbatāvādo ca, taṃ sabbaṃ gūthaṃ viya maṇḍanajātiyo puriso jegucchī. Tassa vināsako sova tadakaraṇato vinetabbo. Tadakaraṇena vayovuḍḍhe tāpeti tadācāravirahitatāya vā kapaṇapuriso. Tadakaraṇena devalokagabbhato apagato, tadakaraṇato vā so hīnagabbho cāti evaṃ tadeva abhivādanādiakaraṇaṃ arasarūpatādīnaṃ kāraṇapatirūpakaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Natthi…pe… viseso’’</span>ti etassa pana ‘‘sundarikāya nāma paribbājikāya maraṇānavabodho, saṃsārassa ādikoṭiyā apaññāyanapaṭiññā, ṭhapanīyapucchāya abyākatavatthubyākaraṇa’’nti evamādīni kāraṇapatirūpakāni niddhāritabbāni, tathā <span class="bld">‘‘takkapariyāhataṃ samaṇo…pe… sayampaṭibhāna’’</span>nti etassa ‘‘anācariyakena sāmaṃ paṭivedhena tattha tattha tathā tathā dhammadesanā, katthaci paresaṃ paṭipucchākathanaṃ, mahāmoggallānādīhi ārocitanayeneva byākaraṇa’’nti evamādīni, <span class="bld">‘‘samaṇo…pe… na aggapuggalo’’</span>ti etesaṃ pana ‘‘sabbadhammānaṃ kameneva <a name="M1.0186"></a> anavabodho, lokantassa ajānanaṃ, attanā icchitatapacārābhāvo’’ti evamādīni. Jhānavimokkhādi heṭṭhā vuttanayena <span class="bld">uttarimanussadhammo.</span> Ariyaṃ visuddhaṃ, uttamaṃ vā ñāṇasaṅkhātaṃ dassanaṃ, alaṃ kilesaviddhaṃsanasamatthaṃ ariyañāṇadassanaṃ ettha, etassāti vā <span class="bld">alamariyañāṇadassano.</span> Sveva <span class="bld">viseso</span> tathā. Ariyañāṇadassanameva vā visesaṃ vuttanayena alaṃ pariyattaṃ yassa, yasminti vā <span class="bld">alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso,</span> uttarimanussadhammova. <span class="bld">Takkapariyāhata</span>nti kappanāmattena samantato āharitaṃ, vitakkena vā parighaṭitaṃ. <span class="bld">Vīmaṃsānucarita</span>nti vīmaṃsanāya punappunaṃ parimajjitaṃ. <span class="bld">Sayampaṭibhāna</span>nti sayameva attano vibhūtaṃ, tādisaṃ dhammanti sambandho. <span class="bld">Akāraṇa</span>nti ayuttaṃ anupapattiṃ. Kāraṇapade cetaṃ visesanaṃ. Na hi arasarūpatādayo dosā bhagavati saṃvijjanti, dhammasaṅghesu ca durakkhātaduppaṭipannādayo <span class="bld">akāraṇa</span>nti vā yuttikāraṇarahitaṃ attanā paṭiññāmattaṃ. Pakatikammapadañcetaṃ. Imasmiñca atthe <span class="bld">kāraṇaṃ vatvā</span>ti ettha kāraṇaṃ ivāti iva-saddattho rūpakanayena yojetabbo patirūpakakāraṇassa <a name="V1.0163"></a> adhippetattā. <span class="bld">Tathā tathā</span>ti jātivuḍḍhānamanabhivādanādinā tena tena ākārena. <span class="bld">Vaṇṇa</span>saddassa guṇapasaṃsāsu pavattanato yathākkamaṃ ‘‘avaṇṇaṃ dosaṃ ninda’’nti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Durakkhāto</span>ti duṭṭhumākkhāto, tathā <span class="bld">duppaṭivedito.</span> Vaṭṭato niyyātīti <span class="bld">niyyānaṃ,</span> tadeva <span class="bld">niyyāniko,</span> tato vā niyyānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ, tattha niyuttoti <span class="bld">niyyāniko.</span> Vaṭṭato vā niyyātīti <span class="bld">niyyāniko</span> ya-kārassa ka-kāraṃ, ī-kārassa ca rassaṃ katvā. ‘‘Anīya-saddo hi bahulā kattuabhidhāyako’’ti saddavidū vadanti, na niyyāniko tathā. Saṃsāradukkhassa <span class="bld">anupasamasaṃvattaniko</span> vuttanayena. <span class="bld">Paccanīkapaṭipada</span>nti sammāpaṭipattiyā viruddhapaṭipadaṃ. <span class="bld">Ananulomapaṭipada</span>nti sappurisānaṃ ananulomapaṭipadaṃ. <span class="bld">Adhammānulomapaṭipada</span>nti lokuttaradhammassa ananulomapaṭipadaṃ. Kasmā panettha ‘‘avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, vaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī’’ti ca vattamānakālaniddeso kato, nanu saṅgītikālato so avaṇṇavaṇṇānaṃ bhāsanakālo atītoti? Saccametaṃ, ‘‘addhānamaggapaṭipanno hotī’’ti ettha hoti-saddo viya atītakālatthattā pana bhāsati-saddassa evaṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Atha vā yasmiṃ kāle tehi avaṇṇo vaṇṇo ca bhāsīyati, tamapekkhitvā <a name="M1.0187"></a> evaṃ vuttaṃ, evañca katvā ‘‘tatrā’’ti padassa kālapaṭiniddesavikappanaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ avuttampi supapannaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Suppiyassa pana…pe… bhāsatī’’ti pāḷiyā sambandhadassanaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘antevāsī panassā’’</span>tiādivacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Aparāmasitabbaṃ</span> ariyūpavādakammaṃ, tathā <span class="bld">anakkamitabbaṃ.</span> <span class="bld">Svāya</span>nti so ācariyo. <span class="bld">Asidhāra</span>nti asinā tikhiṇabhāgaṃ. <span class="bld">Kakacadanta pantiya</span>nti khandhakakacassa dantasaṅkhātāya visamapantiyā. Hatthena vā pādena vā yena kenaci vā aṅgapaccaṅgena paharitvā <span class="bld">kīḷamāno viya.</span> Akkhikaṇṇakosasaṅkhātaṭṭhānavasena tīhi pakārehi bhinno mado yassāti <span class="bld">pabhinnamado,</span> taṃ. <span class="bld">Avaṇṇaṃ bhāsamāno</span>ti avaṇṇaṃ bhāsanahetu. Hetuattho hi ayaṃ māna-saddo. Na ayo vuḍḍhi <span class="bld">anayo.</span> Soyeva <span class="bld">byasanaṃ,</span> atirekabyasananti attho, taṃ <span class="bld">pāpuṇissati</span> ekantamahāsāvajjattā ratanattayopavādassa. Tenevāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yo nindiyaṃ pasaṃsati,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Taṃ vā nindati yo pasaṃsiyo;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Vicināti mukhena so kaliṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kalinā tena sukhaṃ na vindatī’’ti. (su. ni. 663; saṃ ni. 1.180-181; netti. 92);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Amhākaṃ</span> <a name="V1.0164"></a> <span class="bld">ācariyo’’</span>tiādinā brahmadattassa saṃveguppattiṃ, attano ācariye ca kāruññappavattiṃ dassetvā kiñcāpi antevāsinā ācariyassa anukūlena bhavitabbaṃ, ayaṃ pana paṇḍitajātikattā na īdisesu ṭhānesu tamanuvattatīti idānissa kammassakatāñāṇappavattiṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘ācariye kho panā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Halāhala</span>nti taṅkhaṇaññeva māraṇakaṃ visaṃ. Hanatīti hi <span class="bld">halo</span> na-kārassa la-kāraṃ katvā, halānampi viseso halo <span class="bld">halāhalo</span> majjhedīghavasena, etena ca aññe aṭṭhavidhe vise nivatteti. Vuttañca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pume paṇḍe ca kākola, kāḷakūṭahalāhalā;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sarotthikosuṅkike yo, brahmaputto padīpano;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dārado vacchanābho ca, visabhedā ime navā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kharodaka</span>nti <a name="M1.0188"></a> caṇḍasotodakaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Khārodaka’’</span>ntipi pāṭho, atiloṇatāya tittodakanti attho. <span class="bld">Narakapapāta</span>nti corapapātaṃ. <span class="bld">Māṇavakā</span>ti attānameva ovadituṃ ālapati ‘‘samayopi kho te bhaddāli appaṭividdhoahosī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.135) viya. ‘‘Kammassakā’’ti kammameva attasantakabhāvaṃ vatvā tadeva vivarati <span class="bld">‘‘attano kammānurūpameva gatiṃ gacchantī’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Yoniso</span>ti upāyena ñāyena. <span class="bld">Ummujjitvā</span>ti ācariyo viya ayoniso ariyūpavāde animmujjanto yoniso ariyūpavādato ummujjitvā, uddhaṃ hutvāti attho. <span class="bld">Maddamāno</span>ti maddanto bhindanto. Ekaṃsakāraṇameva idha kāraṇanti dassetukāmena <span class="bld">‘‘sammā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Yathā ta’’</span>ntiādinā tassa samāraddhabhāvaṃ dasseti, nti ca nipātamattaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā añño paṇḍitasabhāvo jāti ācāravasena kulaputto anekapariyāyena tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ vaṇṇaṃ bhāsitumārabhati, tathā ayampi āraddho, tañca kho api nāmāyamācariyo ettakenāpi ratanattayāvaṇṇabhāsato orameyyāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sapparājavaṇṇa</span>nti ahirājavaṇṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Vaṇṇapokkharatāyā</span>ti vaṇṇasundaratāya, vaṇṇasarīrena vā. <span class="bld">Vārijaṃ</span> kamalaṃ na <span class="bld">paharāmi na bhañjāmi, ārā</span> dūratova upasiṅghāmīti attho. <span class="bld">Athā</span>ti evaṃ santepi. <span class="bld">Gandhattheno</span>ti gandhacoro. <span class="bld">Saññūḷhā</span>ti ganthitā bandhitā. <span class="bld">Gahapatī</span>ti upāligahapatiṃ nāṭaputtassa ālapanaṃ. Ettha ca vaṇṇitabbo ‘‘ayamīdiso’’ti pakāsetabboti <span class="bld">vaṇṇo,</span> saṇṭhānaṃ. Vaṇṇīyati asaṅkarato vavatthāpīyatīti <span class="bld">vaṇṇo,</span> jāti. Vaṇṇeti vikāramāpajjamānaṃ hadayaṅgatabhāvaṃ pakāsetīti <span class="bld">vaṇṇo,</span> rūpāyatanaṃ. Vaṇṇīyati phalametena yathāsabhāvato vibhāvīyatīti <span class="bld">vaṇṇo,</span> kāraṇaṃ. Vaṇṇīyati appamahantādivasena pamīyatīti <span class="bld">vaṇṇo,</span> pamāṇaṃ. Vaṇṇīyati pasaṃsīyatīti <span class="bld">vaṇṇo</span><a name="V1.0165"></a>, guṇo. Vaṇṇanaṃ guṇasaṃkittanaṃ <span class="bld">vaṇṇo,</span> pasaṃsā. Evaṃ tattha tattha vaṇṇasaddassuppatti veditabbā. Ādisaddena jātarūpapuḷinakkharādayo saṅgaṇhāti. ‘‘Idha guṇopi pasaṃsāpī’’ti vuttameva samattheti <span class="bld">‘‘ayaṃ kirā’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Kirā</span>ti cettha anussavanatthe, padapūraṇamatte vā. <span class="bld">Guṇūpasañhita</span>nti guṇopasaññutaṃ. ‘‘Guṇūpasañhitaṃ pasaṃsa’’nti pana vadanto pasaṃsāya eva guṇabhāsanaṃ siddhaṃ tassā tadavinābhāvato, tasmā idamatthadvayaṃ yujjatīti dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ <a name="M1.0189"></a> bhāsatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tatthā’’</span>tiādi. Eko ca so puggalo cāti <span class="bld">ekapuggalo.</span> Kenaṭṭhena ekapuggalo? Asadisaṭṭhena, guṇavisiṭṭhaṭṭhena, asamasamaṭṭhena ca. So hi paṭhamābhinīhārakāle dasannaṃ pāramīnaṃ paṭipāṭiyā āvajjanaṃ ādiṃ katvā bodhisambhārasambharaṇaguṇehi ceva buddhaguṇehi ca sesamahājanena asadiso. Ye cassa guṇā, tepi aññasattānaṃ guṇehi visiṭṭhā, purimakā ca sammāsambuddhā sabbasattehi <span class="bld">asamā,</span> tehi pana ayameveko rūpakāyanāmakāyehi <span class="bld">samo.</span> <span class="bld">Loke</span>ti sattaloke. <span class="bld">‘‘Uppajjamāno uppajjatī’’</span>ti pana idaṃ ubhayampi vippakatavacanameva uppādakiriyāya vattamānakālikattā. <span class="bld">Uppajjamāno</span> bahujanahitāya <span class="bld">uppajjati,</span> na aññena kāraṇenāti evaṃ panettha attho veditabbo. Lakkhaṇe hesa māna-saddo, evarūpañcettha lakkhaṇaṃ na sakkā aññena saddalakkhaṇena paṭibāhituṃ. Apica uppajjamāno nāma, uppajjati nāma, uppanno nāmāti ayamettha bhedo veditabbo. Esa hi dīpaṅkarapādamūlato paṭṭhāya yāva anāgāmiphalaṃ, tāva uppajjamāno nāma, arahattamaggakkhaṇe uppajjati nāma, arahattaphalakkhaṇe uppanno nāma. Buddhānañhi sāvakānaṃ viya na paṭipāṭiyā iddhividhañāṇādīni uppajjanti, saheva pana arahattamaggena sakalopi sabbaññuguṇarāsi āgatova nāma hoti, tasmā nibbattasabbakiccattā arahattaphalakkhaṇe uppanno nāma, tadanibbattattā tadaññakkhaṇe yathārahaṃ ‘‘uppajjamāno uppajjati’’ cceva vuccati. Imasmimpi sutte arahattaphalakkhaṇaṃyeva sandhāya ‘‘uppajjatī’’ti vuttaṃ. Atītakālikassāpi vattamānapayogassa katthaci diṭṭhattā uppanno hotīti ayañhettha attho. Evaṃ sati ‘‘uppajjamāno’’ti cettha māna-saddo sāmatthiyattho. Yāvatā sāmatthiyena mahābodhisattānaṃ carimabhave uppatti icchitabbā, tāvatā sāmatthiyena bodhisambhārabhūtena paripuṇṇena samannāgato hutvāti attho. Tathāsāmatthiyayogena hi uppajjamāno nāmāti. Sabbasattehi <span class="bld">asamo,</span> asamehi purimabuddheheva <span class="bld">samo</span> majjhe bhinnasuvaṇṇa nikkhaṃ viya nibbisiṭṭho, ‘‘ekapuggalo’’ti cetassa visesanaṃ. Ālayasaṅkhātaṃ taṇhaṃ samugghāteti samucchindatīti <span class="bld">ālayasamugghāto.</span> Vaṭṭaṃ upacchindatīti <span class="bld">vaṭṭupacchedo.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pahontenā</span>ti <a name="V1.0166"></a> sakkontena. ‘‘Pañcanikāye’’ti vatvāpi anekāvayavattā tesaṃ na ettakena sabbathā pariyādānanti <span class="bld">‘‘navaṅgaṃ satthusāsanaṃ</span> <span class="bld">caturāsīti</span> <a name="M1.0190"></a> <span class="bld">dhammakkhandhasahassānī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Atitthenā</span>ti anotaraṇaṭṭhānena. Na vattabbo aparimāṇavaṇṇattā buddhādīnaṃ, niravasesānañca tesaṃ idha pakāsanena pāḷisaṃvaṇṇanāya eva sampajjanato, cittasampahaṃsanakammaṭṭhānasampajjanavasena ca saphalattā. <span class="bld">Thāmo veditabbo</span> sabbathāmena pakāsitattā. Kiṃ pana so tathā ogāhetvā bhāsatīti āha. <span class="bld">‘‘Brahmadatto panā’’</span>tiādi. Anukkamena punappunaṃ vā savanaṃ <span class="bld">anussavo,</span> paramparasavanaṃ. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena ākāraparivitakkadiṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyo saṅgaṇhāti. Tattha ‘‘sundaramidaṃ kāraṇa’’nti evaṃ sayameva kāraṇaparivitakkanaṃ <span class="bld">ākāraparivitakko.</span> Attano diṭṭhiyā nijjhāyitvā khamanaṃ ruccanaṃ <span class="bld">diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantī</span>ti <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāsu</span> vuttaṃ, tehiyeva sambandhitenāti attho. <span class="bld">Matta</span>-saddo hettha visesanivattiattho, tena yathāvuttaṃ kāraṇaṃ nivatteti. <span class="bld">Attano thāmenā</span>ti attano ñāṇabaleneva, na pana buddhādīnaṃ guṇānurūpanti adhippāyo. Asaṅkhyeyyāparimeyyappabhedā hi buddhādīnaṃ guṇā. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Buddhopi buddhassa bhaṇeyya vaṇṇaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Kappampi ce aññamabhāsamāno;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Khīyetha kappo ciradīghamantare,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vaṇṇo na khīyetha tathāgatassā’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.304; 3.141; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.425; udā. aṭṭha. 53; bu. vaṃ. aṭṭha. 4.1; apa. aṭṭha. 2.91; cariyā. aṭṭha. 9, 329);</p>
<p class="unindented">Idhāpi vakkhati ‘‘appamattakaṃ kho paneta’’ntiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Iti</span>-saddo nidassanattho vuttappakāraṃ nidasseti. <span class="bld">Ha</span>-kāro nipātamattanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ te’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Aññamaññassā’’</span>ti idaṃ ruḷhipadaṃ ‘‘eko ekāyā’’ti (pārā. 444, 452) padaṃ viyāti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘aññoaññassā’’</span>ti ruḷhipadeneva vivarati. <span class="bld">‘‘Ujumevā’’</span>ti sāvadhāraṇasamāsataṃ vatvā tena nivattetabbatthaṃ āha <span class="bld">‘‘īsakampi apariharitvā’’</span>ti, thokatarampi avirajjhitvāti attho. Kathanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ācariyena hī’’</span>tiādi. Pubbe ekavāramiva avaṇṇavaṇṇabhāsane niddiṭṭhepi ‘‘ujuvipaccanīkavādā’’ti (dī. ni. 1.1) vuttattā anekavārameva <a name="V1.0167"></a> te evaṃ bhāsantīti veditabbanti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘puna itaro avaṇṇaṃ itaro vaṇṇa’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Tena hi visaddassa vividhatthataṃ samattheti. <span class="bld">Sāraphalake</span>ti sāradāruphalake<a name="M1.0191"></a>, uttamaphalake vā. <span class="bld">Visarukkhaāṇi</span>nti visadārumayapaṭāṇiṃ. <span class="bld">Iriyāpathānubandhanena anubandhā honti,</span> na sammāpaṭipattianubandhanena.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sīsānulokino</span>ti sīsena anulokino, sīsaṃ ukkhipitvā maggānukkamena olokayamānāti attho. <span class="bld">Tasmiṃ kāle</span>ti yamhi saṃvacchare, utumhi, māse, pakkhe vā bhagavā taṃ addhānamaggaṃ paṭipanno, tasmiṃ kāle. Tena hi aniyamato saṃvaccharautumāsaḍḍhamāsāva niddisitā ‘‘taṃ divasa’’nti divasassa visuṃ niddiṭṭhattā, muhuttādīnañca divasapariyāpannato. ‘‘Taṃ addhānaṃ paṭipanno’’ti cettha ādhāravacanametaṃ. Teneva hi kiriyāvicchedadassanavasena ‘‘rājagahe piṇḍāya caratī’’ti saha pubbakālakiriyāhi vattamānaniddeso kato, itarathā tasmiṃ kāle rājagahe piṇḍāya carati, taṃ addhānamaggañca paṭipannoti anadhippetattho āpajjeyya. Na hi asamānavisayā kiriyā ekādhārā sambhavanti, yā cettha adhippetā addhānapaṭipajjanakiriyā, sā ca aniyamitā na yuttāti. <span class="bld">Rājagahaparivattakesū</span>ti rājagahaṃ parivattetvā ṭhitesu. <span class="bld">‘‘Aññatarasmi’’</span>nti iminā tesu bhagavato anibaddhavāsaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">So</span>ti evaṃ rājagahe vasamāno so bhagavā. Piṇḍāya caraṇenapi hi tattha paṭibaddhabhāvavacanato sannivāsattameva dasseti. Yadi pana ‘‘piṇḍāya caramāno so bhagavā’’ti paccāmaseyya, yathāvuttova anadhippetattho āpajjeyyāti. <span class="bld">Taṃ divasa</span>nti yaṃ divasaṃ addhānamaggaṃ paṭipanno, taṃ divasa. <span class="bld">Taṃ addhānaṃ paṭipannoti</span> ettha accantasaṃyogavacanametaṃ. Bhattabhuñjanato pacchā <span class="bld">pacchābhattaṃ,</span> tasmiṃ pacchābhattasamaye. <span class="bld">Piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto</span>ti yattha piṇḍapātatthāya caritvā bhuñjanti, tato apakkanto. <span class="bld">Taṃ addhānaṃ paṭipanno</span>ti ‘‘nāḷandāyaṃ veneyyānaṃ vividhahitasukhanipphattiṃ ākaṅkhamāno imissā aṭṭhuppattiyā tividhasīlālaṅkataṃ nānāvidhakuhanalapanādimicchājīvaviddhaṃsanaṃ dvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhijālaviniveṭhanaṃ dasasahassilokadhātupakampanaṃ brahmajālasuttaṃ desessāmī’’ti taṃ yathāvuttaṃ dīghamaggaṃ paṭipanno, idaṃ pana kāraṇaṃ pakaraṇatova pākaṭanti na vuttaṃ. Ettāvatā ‘‘kasmā pana bhagavā taṃ addhānaṃ paṭipanno’’ti codanā visodhitā hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni itarampi codanaṃ visodhituṃ <span class="bld">‘‘suppiyopī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Tasmiṃ kāle, taṃ divasaṃ anubandhoti ca vuttanayena sambandho. Pāto <a name="M1.0192"></a> asitabboti <span class="bld">pātarāso,</span> so bhutto yenāti <span class="bld">bhuttapātarāso. Iccevā</span>ti evameva manasi sannidhāya, na pana ‘‘bhagavantaṃ, bhikkhusaṅghañca piṭṭhito <a name="V1.0168"></a> piṭṭhito anubandhissāmī’’ti. Tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘bhagavato taṃ maggaṃ paṭipannabhāvaṃ ajānantovā’’</span>ti, tathā ajānanto eva hutvā anubandhoti attho. Na hi so bhagavantaṃ daṭṭhumeva icchati, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘sace pana jāneyya, nānubandheyyā’’</span>ti. Ettāvatā ‘‘kasmā ca suppiyo anubandho’’ti codanā visodhitā hoti. <span class="bld">‘‘So’’</span>tiādinā aparampi codanaṃ visodheti. Kadāci pana bhagavā aññataraveseneva gacchati aṅgulimāladamanapakkusātiabhiggamanādīsu, kadāci buddhasiriyā, idhāpi īdisāya buddhasiriyāti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘buddhasiriyā sobhamāna’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Sirī</span>ti cettha sarīrasobhaggādisampatti, tadeva upamāvasena dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘rattakambalaparikkhittamivā’’</span>tiādinā. Gacchatīti jaṅgamo yathā ‘‘caṅkamo’’ti. Cañcalamāno gacchanto <span class="bld">giri,</span> tādisassa kanakagirino sikharamivāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Tasmiṃ kirā’’</span>tiādi tabbivaraṇaṃ, pāḷiyaṃ adassitattā, porāṇaṭṭhakathāyañca anāgatattā anussavasiddhā ayaṃ kathāti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kirā’’</span>ti vuttanti vadanti, tathā vā hotu aññathā vā, attanā adiṭṭhaṃ, asutaṃ, amutañca anussavamevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Nīlapītalohitodātamañjiṭṭhapabhassaravasena <span class="bld">chabbaṇṇā. Samantā</span>ti samantato dasahi disāhi. <span class="bld">Asītihatthappamāṇe</span>ti tesaṃ rasmīnaṃ pakatiyā pavattiṭṭhānavasena vuttaṃ, tasmā samantato, upari ca paccekaṃ asītihatthamatte padese pakatiyāva ghanībhūtā rasmiyo tiṭṭhantīti daṭṭhabbaṃ, <span class="bld">vinayaṭīkāyaṃ</span> pana ‘‘tāyeva byāmappabhā nāma. Yato chabbaṇṇā rasmiyo taḷākato mātikā viya dasasu disāsu dhāvanti, sā yasmā byāmamattā viya khāyati, tasmā byāmappabhāti vuccatī’’ti vuttaṃ, (vi. vi. ṭī. 1.16) <span class="bld">saṅgītisuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ</span> pana vakkhati ‘‘puratthimakāyato suvaṇṇavaṇṇā rasmi uṭṭhahitvā asītihatthaṃ ṭhānaṃ gaṇhāti. Pacchimakāyato. Dakkhiṇahatthato. Vāmahatthato suvaṇṇavaṇṇā rasmi uṭṭhahitvā asītihatthaṃ ṭhānaṃ gaṇhāti. Upari kesantato paṭṭhāya sabbakesāvaṭṭehi moragīvavaṇṇā rasmi uṭṭhahitvā gaganatale <a name="M1.0193"></a> asītihatthaṃ ṭhānaṃ gaṇhāti. Heṭṭhā pādatalehi pavāḷavaṇṇā rasmi uṭṭhahitvā ghanapathaviyaṃ asītihatthaṃ ṭhānaṃ gaṇhāti. Evaṃ samantā asītihatthamattaṃ ṭhānaṃ chabbaṇṇā buddharasmiyo vijjotamānā vipphandamānā vidhāvantī’’ti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 3.299) keci pana aññathāpi parikappanāmattena vadanti, taṃ na gahetabbaṃ tathā aññattha anāgatattā, ayuttattā ca. Tāsaṃ pana buddharasmīnaṃ tadā aniggūhitabhāvadassanatthaṃ ‘‘tasmiṃ kira samaye’’ti vuttaṃ. Pakkusātiabhiggamanādīsu viya hi tadā tāsaṃ niggūhane kiñci kāraṇaṃ natthi. <span class="bld">Ādhāvantī</span>ti abhimukhaṃ disaṃ dhāvanti. <span class="bld">Vidhāvantī</span>ti vividhā hutvā vidisaṃ dhāvanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmiṃ <a name="V1.0169"></a> vanantare dissamānākārena tāsaṃ rasmīnaṃ sobhā viññāyatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ratanāveḷā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Ratanāveḷā</span> nāma ratanamayavaṭaṃsakaṃ muddhaṃ avati rakkhatīti hi <span class="bld">aveḷā,</span> <span class="bld">āveḷā</span> vā, muddhamālā. <span class="bld">Ukkā</span> nāma yā sajotibhūtā, tāsaṃ sataṃ, nipatanaṃ <span class="bld">nipāto,</span> tassa nipāto, tena samākulaṃ tathā. Pisitabbattā <span class="bld">piṭṭhaṃ,</span> cīnadese jātaṃ piṭṭhaṃ <span class="bld">cīnapiṭṭhaṃ,</span> rattacuṇṇaṃ, yaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sindūro’’</span>tipi vuccati, cīnapiṭṭhameva cuṇṇaṃ. Vāyuno vegena ito cito ca khittaṃ tanti tathā. Indassa dhanu lokasaṅketavasenāti <span class="bld">indadhanu,</span> sūriyarasmivasena gagane paññāyamānākāraviseso. Kuṭilaṃ aciraṭṭhāyittā virūpaṃ hutvā javati dhāvatīti <span class="bld">vijju,</span> sāyeva <span class="bld">latā</span> taṃsadisabhāvenāti tathā, vāyuvegato valāhakaghaṭṭaneneva jātarasmi. Tāyati avijahanavasena ākāsaṃ pāletīti <span class="bld">tārā,</span> gaṇasaddo paccekaṃ yojetabbo. Tassa pabhā tathā. <span class="bld">Vipphuritaviccharitamivā</span>ti ābhāya vividhaṃ pharamānaṃ, vijjotayamānaṃ viya ca. Vanassa antaraṃ vivaraṃ <span class="bld">vanantaraṃ,</span> bhagavatā pattapattavanappadesanti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Asītiyā anubyañjanehi tambanakhatādīhi anurañjitaṃ tathā. <span class="bld">Kamalaṃ</span> padumapuṇḍarīkāni, avasesaṃ nīlarattasetabhedaṃ saroruhaṃ <span class="bld">uppalaṃ,</span> iti pañcavidhā paṅkajajāti pariggahitā hoti. Vikasitaṃ phullitaṃ tadubhayaṃ yassa sarassa tathā. Sabbena pakārena parito samantato phullati vikasatīti <span class="bld">sabbapāliphullaṃ</span> a-kārassa ā-kāraṃ, ra-kārassa ca la-kāraṃ katvā yathā ‘‘pālibhaddo’’ti, tārānaṃ marīci pabhā, tāya vikasitaṃ vijjotitaṃ <a name="M1.0194"></a> tathā. Byāmappabhāya parikkhepo parimaṇḍalo, tena vilāsinī sobhinī tathā. Mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni aññamaññapaṭibaddhattā mālākāreneva ṭhitānīti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘dvattiṃsavaralakkhaṇamālā’’</span>ti. Dvattiṃsacandādīnaṃ mālā kenaci ganthetvā paṭipāṭiyā ca ṭhapitāti na vattabbā ‘‘yadi siyā’’ti parikappanāmattena hi <span class="bld">‘‘ganthetvā ṭhapitadvattiṃsacandamālāyā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Parikappopamā hesā, lokepi ca dissati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Mayeva mukhasobhāsse, tyalaminduvikatthanā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yatombujepi sātthīti, parikappopamā aya’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dvattiṃsacandamālāya siriṃ attano siriyā abhibhavantī ivāti sambandho. Esa nayo sesesupi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bhagavato tadā sobhaṃ dassetvā idāni bhikkhusaṅghassāpi sobhaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘tañca panā’’</span>tiādimāha<a name="V1.0170"></a>. Catubbidhāya appicchatāya <span class="bld">appicchā.</span> Dvādasahi santosehi <span class="bld">santuṭṭhā.</span> Tividhena vivekena <span class="bld">pavivittā.</span> Rājarājamahāmattādīhi <span class="bld">asaṃsaṭṭhā.</span> Duppaṭipattikānaṃ <span class="bld">codakā. Pāpe</span> akusale <span class="bld">garahino</span> paresaṃ hitapaṭipattiyā <span class="bld">vattāro.</span> Paresañca <span class="bld">vacanakkhamā. Vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ</span> nāma paccavekkhaṇañāṇaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Tesa’’</span>ntiādinā tadabhisambandhena bhagavato sobhaṃ dasseti. Rattapadumānaṃ saṇḍo samūho vanaṃ, tassa majjhe gatā tathā. ‘‘Rattaṃ <span class="bld">padumaṃ,</span> setaṃ <span class="bld">puṇḍarīka’’</span>nti pattaniyamamantarena tathā vuttaṃ, pattaniyamena pana satapattaṃ <span class="bld">padumaṃ,</span> ūnakasatapattaṃ <span class="bld">puṇḍarīkaṃ. Pavāḷaṃ</span> viddumo, tena katāya vedikāya parikkhitto viya. <span class="bld">Migapakkhīnampī</span>ti <span class="bld">pi</span>-saddo, <span class="bld">api</span>-saddo vā sambhāvanāyaṃ, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘pageva devamanussāna’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Mahātherā</span>ti mahāsāvake sandhāyāha. Surañjitabhāvena īsakaṃ kaṇhavaṇṇatāya <span class="bld">meghavaṇṇaṃ. Ekaṃsaṃ karitvā</span>ti ekaṃsapārupanavasena vāmaṃse karitvā. Kattarassa jiṇṇassa ālambano daṇḍo <span class="bld">kattaradaṇḍo,</span> bāhullavasenāyaṃ samaññā. <span class="bld">Suvammaṃ</span> nāma sobhaṇuracchado, tena <span class="bld">vammitā</span> sannaddhāti <span class="bld">suvammavammitā,</span> idaṃ tesaṃ paṃsukūladhāraṇanidassanaṃ. Yesaṃ kucchigataṃ sabbampi tiṇapalāsādi gandhajātameva hoti, te <span class="bld">gandhahatthino</span> nāma, ye ‘‘hemavatā’’tipi vuccanti, tesampi therānaṃ sīlādiguṇagandhatāya taṃsadisatā. Antojaṭābahijaṭāsaṅkhātāya <a name="M1.0195"></a> taṇhājaṭāya vijaṭitabhāvato <span class="bld">vijaṭitajaṭā.</span> Taṇhābandhanāya chinnattā <span class="bld">chinnabandhanā. ‘‘So’’</span>tiādi yathāvuttavacanassa guṇadassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Anubuddhehī</span>ti buddhānamanubuddhehi. Tepi hi ekadesena bhagavatā paṭividdhapaṭibhāgeneva cattāri saccāni bujjhanti. <span class="bld">Pattaparivārita</span>nti pupphadalena parivāritaṃ. <span class="bld">Kaṃ</span> vuccati kamalādi, tasmiṃ sarati virājatīti <span class="bld">kesaraṃ,</span> kiñjakkho. Kaṇṇe karīyatīti <span class="bld">kaṇṇikā.</span> Kaṇṇālaṅkāro, taṃsadisaṇṭhānatāya <span class="bld">kaṇṇikā,</span> bījakoso. Channaṃ haṃsakulānaṃ seṭṭho <span class="bld">dhataraṭṭho haṃsarājā viya, hārito</span> nāma <span class="bld">mahābrahmā viya. </span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ gacchantaṃ bhagavantaṃ, bhikkhū ca disvā attano parisaṃ olokesīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Kājadaṇḍake</span>ti kājasaṅkhāte bhārāvahadaṇḍake, kājasmiṃ vā bhāralaggitadaṇḍake. Khuddakaṃ pīṭhaṃ <span class="bld">pīṭhakaṃ.</span> Mūle, agge ca tidhā kato daṇḍo<span class="bld"> tidaṇḍo.</span> Morahatthako <span class="bld">morapiñchaṃ.</span> Khuddakaṃ pasibbaṃ <span class="bld">pasibbakaṃ. Kuṇḍikā</span> kamaṇḍalu. Sā hi kaṃ udakaṃ udeti pasaveti, rakkhatīti vā <span class="bld">kuṇḍikā</span> niruttinayena. Gahitaṃ omakato lujjitaṃ, vividhaṃ lujjitañca pīṭhaka…pe… kuṇḍikādianekaparikkhārasaṅkhātaṃ bhāraṃ bharati vahatīti <span class="bld">gahita…pe… bhārabharitā. Itī</span>ti nidassanattho. <span class="bld">Eva</span>nti idamattho. Evaṃ idaṃ vacanamādi yassa vacanassa tathā, tadeva niratthakaṃ vacanaṃ yassāti <span class="bld">evamādiniratthakavacanā.</span> Mukhaṃ etassa atthīti <span class="bld">mukharā,</span> sabbepi mukhavantā eva, ayaṃ pana pharusābhilāpamukhavatī, tasmā evaṃ vuttaṃ. Nindāyañhi ayaṃ rapaccayo. Mukhena <a name="V1.0171"></a> vā amanāpaṃ kammaṃ rāti gaṇhātīti <span class="bld">mukharā.</span> Vividhā kiṇṇā vācā yassāti <span class="bld">vikiṇṇavācā. Tassā</span>ti suppiyassa paribbājakassa. Nti yathāvuttappakāraṃ parisaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Idānī</span>ti tassa tathārūpāya parisāya dassanakkhaṇe. <span class="bld">Panā</span>ti arucisaṃsūcanattho, tathāpīti attho. <span class="bld">Lābha…pe… hāniyā ceva</span> hetubhūtāya. Kathaṃ hānīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘aññatitthiyānañhī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Nissirīkata</span>nti nisobhataṃ, ayamattho morajātakādīhipi dīpetabbo. <span class="bld">‘‘Upatissakolitānañcā’’</span>tiādinā pakkhahānitāya vitthāro. Āyasmato sāriputtassa, mahāmoggallānassa ca bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘tesu pana pakkantesū’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Tesaṃ pabbajitakāleyeva aḍḍhateyyasataṃ paribbājakaparisā pabbaji, tato parampi <a name="M1.0196"></a> tadanupabbajitā paribbājakaparisā aparimāṇāti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘sāpi tesaṃ parisā bhinnā’’</span>ti iminā. Yāya kāyaci hi paribbājakaparisāya pabbajitāya tassa parisā bhinnāyeva nāma samānagaṇattāti tathā vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Imehī’’</span>tiādinā lābhapakkhahāniṃ nigamanavasena dasseti. Usūyasaṅkhātassa visassa uggāro uggilanaṃ <span class="bld">usūyavisuggāro,</span> taṃ. Ettha ca ‘‘yasmā panesā’’tiādināva ‘‘kasmā ca so ratanattayassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī’’ti codanaṃ visodheti, <span class="bld">‘‘sace’’</span>tiādikaṃ pana sabbampi tapparivāravacanamevāti tehipi sā visodhitāyeva nāma. Bhagavato virodhānunayābhāvavīmaṃsanatthaṃ ete avaṇṇaṃ vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. ‘‘Mārena anvāviṭṭhā evaṃ bhāsantī’’ti ca keci vadanti, tadayuttameva aṭṭhakathāya ujuvipaccanīkattā. Pākaṭoyevāyamatthoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para2"></a><span class="paranum">2</span>. Yasmā atthaṅgato sūriyo, tasmā akālo dāni gantunti sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ambalaṭṭhikā</span>ti sāmīpikavohāro yathā ‘‘varuṇanagaraṃ, godāgāmo’’ti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tassa kirā’’</span>tiādi. Taruṇapariyāyo <span class="bld">laṭṭhikā</span>-saddo rukkhavisaye yathā ‘‘mahāvanaṃ ajjhogāhetvā beluvalaṭṭhikāya mūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdī’’tiādīsūti dasseti’’ <span class="bld">‘‘taruṇambarukkho’’</span>ti iminā. Keci pana ‘‘ambalaṭṭhikā nāma vuttanayena eko gāmo’’ti vadanti, tesaṃ mate <span class="bld">ambalaṭṭhikāya</span>nti samīpatthe bhummavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Chāyūdakasampanna</span>nti chāyāya ceva udakena ca sampannaṃ. <span class="bld">Mañjusā</span>ti peḷā. <span class="bld">Paṭibhānacittavicitta</span>nti itthipurisasaññogādinā paṭibhānacittena vicittaṃ, etena rañño <span class="bld">agāraṃ,</span> tadeva <span class="bld">rājāgāraka</span>nti dasseti. Rājāgārakaṃ nāma vessavaṇamahārājassa devāyatananti eke.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bahuparissayo</span>ti <a name="V1.0172"></a> bahupaddavo. Kehīti vuttaṃ ‘‘core’hipī’’tiādi. <span class="bld">Handā</span>ti vacanavossaggatthe nipāto, tadānubhāvato nipparissayatthāya idāni upagantvā sve gamissāmīti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">‘‘Saddhiṃ antevāsinā brahmadattena māṇavenā’’</span> ticceva sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ, tañca kho pāḷiāruḷhavaseneva, na pana tadā suppiyassa parisāya abhāvatoti imamatthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘saddhiṃ attano parisāyā’’</span>ti idha vuttaṃ. Kasmā panettha brahmadattoyeva pāḷiyamāruḷho, na pana tadavasesā suppiyassa parisāti<a name="M1.0197"></a>? Desanānadhīnabhāvena payojanābhāvato. Yathā cetaṃ, evaṃ aññampi edisaṃ payojanābhāvato saṅgītikārakehi na saṅgītanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Keci pana ‘‘pāḷiyaṃ vutta’’nti ādhāraṃ vatvā ‘tadetaṃ na sīhaḷaṭṭhakathānayadassanaṃ, pāḷiyaṃ vuttabhāvadassanamevā’ti’’ vadanti, taṃ na yujjati. Pāḷiāruḷhavaseneva pāḷiyaṃ vuttanti adhippetatthassa āpajjanato. Tasmā yathāvuttanayeneva attho gahetabboti. <span class="bld">‘‘Vutta</span>nti vā amhehipi idha vattabbanti attho. Evañhi tadā aññāyapi parisāya vijjamānabhāvadassanatthaṃ evaṃ vuttaṃ, pāḷiyamāruḷhavasena pana aññathāpi idha vattabbanti adhippāyo yutto’’ti vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni ‘‘tatrāpi suda’’ntiādipāḷiyā sambandhaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ vāsaṃ upagato panā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Parivāretvā nisinno hotīti sambandho. Kucchitaṃ kattabbanti <span class="bld">kukataṃ,</span> tassa bhāvo <span class="bld">kukkuccaṃ,</span> kucchitakiriyā, ito cito ca cañcalananti attho, hatthassa kukkuccaṃ tathā. <span class="bld">‘‘Sā hī’’</span>tiādinā tathābhūtatāya kāraṇaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Nivāte</span>ti vātavirahitaṭṭhāne. Yathāvuttadosābhāvena <span class="bld">niccalā. Taṃ vibhūti</span>nti tādisaṃ sobhaṃ. <span class="bld">Vippalapantī</span>ti sativossaggavasena vividhā lapanti. <span class="bld">Nillālitajivhā</span>ti ito cito ca nikkhantajivhā. <span class="bld">Kākacchamānā</span>ti kākānaṃ saddasadisaṃ saddaṃ kurumānā. <span class="bld">Gharugharupassāsino</span>ti gharugharuiti saddaṃ janetvā passasantā. <span class="bld">Issāvasenā</span>ti yathāvuttehi dvīhi kāraṇehi usūyanavasena. <span class="bld">‘‘Sabbaṃ vattabba’’</span>nti iminā ‘‘ādipeyyālanayoya’’nti dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para3"></a><span class="paranum">3</span>. Sammā pahonti taṃ taṃ kammanti <span class="bld">sampahulā,</span> bahavo, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘bahukāna’’</span>nti. Sabbantimena paricchedena catuvaggasaṅgheneva vinayakammassa kattabbattā <span class="bld">‘‘vinayapariyāyenā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Tayo janā</span>ti cesa upalakkhaṇaniddeso dvinnampi sampahulattā. Tattha tattha tathāyevāgatattā <span class="bld">‘‘suttantapariyāyenā’’</span>tiādimāha. Taṃ taṃ pāḷiyā āgatavohāravasena hi ayaṃ bhedo. Tayo janā tayo eva nāma, tato paṭṭhāya uttari catupañcajanādikā sampahulāti attho. <span class="bld">Tato</span>ti cāyaṃ mariyādāvadhi. <span class="bld">Maṇḍalamāḷo</span>ti anekatthapavattā samaññā, idha pana īdisāya evāti niyamento <a name="V1.0173"></a> āha <span class="bld">‘‘katthacī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Kaṇṇikā</span> vuccati kūṭaṃ. <span class="bld">Haṃsavaṭṭakacchannenā</span>ti haṃsamaṇḍalākārachannena. Tadeva channaṃ aññattha <a name="M1.0198"></a> ‘‘supaṇṇavaṅkacchadana’’nti vuttaṃ. Kūṭena yutto agāro, soyeva sālāti <span class="bld">kūṭāgārasālā. Thambhapantiṃ parikkhipitvā</span>ti thambhamālaṃ parivāretvā, parimaṇḍalākārena thambhapantiṃ katvāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Upaṭṭhānasālā</span> nāma payirupāsanasālā. Yattha upaṭṭhānamattaṃ karonti, na ekarattadirattādivasena nisīdanaṃ, idha pana tathā katā nisīdanasālāyevāti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘idha panā’’</span>tiādinā. Teneva pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘sannipatitāna’’ ntveva avatvā ‘‘sannisinnāna’’ntipi vuttaṃ. Mānitabboti <span class="bld">māḷo,</span> mīyati pamīyatīti vā <span class="bld">māḷo.</span> Maṇḍalākārena paṭicchanno māḷoti <span class="bld">maṇḍalamāḷo,</span> anekakoṇavanto paṭissayaviseso. <span class="bld">‘‘Sannisinnāna’’</span>nti <span class="bld">nisajjanavasena</span> vuttaṃ, <span class="bld">nisajjanavasena</span> vā <span class="bld">‘‘sannisinnāna’’</span>nti saṃvaṇṇetabbapadamajjhāharitvā sambandho. Iminā nisīdanairiyāpathaṃ, kāyasāmaggīvasena ca samodhānaṃ sandhāya padadvayametaṃ vuttanti dasseti. <span class="bld">Saṅkhiyā vuccati kathā</span> sammā khiyanato kathanato. <span class="bld">Kathādhammo</span>ti kathāsabhāvo, upaparikkhā vidhīti keci.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Acchariya’’</span>ntiādi tassa rūpadassananti āha <span class="bld">‘‘katamo pana so’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">So</span>ti kathādhammo. ‘‘Nīyatīti <span class="bld">nayo,</span> attho, saddasatthaṃ anugato nayo <span class="bld">saddanayo’’</span>ti (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.3) <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> vuttaṃ. Nīyati attho etenāti vā <span class="bld">nayo,</span> upāyo, saddasatthe āgato nayo atthagahaṇūpāyo <span class="bld">saddanayo.</span> Tattha hi anabhiṇhavuttike acchariya-saddo icchito ruḷhivasena. Tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘andhassa pabbatārohaṇaṃ viyā’’</span>tiādi. Tassa hi tadārohaṇaṃ na niccaṃ, kadāciyeva siyā, evamidampi. Accharāyoggaṃ <span class="bld">acchariyaṃ</span> niruttinayena yoggasaddassa lopato, taddhitavasena vā ṇiyapaccayassa vicitravuttito, so pana porāṇaṭṭhakathāyameva āgatattā <span class="bld">‘‘aṭṭhakathānayo’’</span>ti vutto. Pubbe abhūtanti <span class="bld">abhūtapubbaṃ,</span> etena na bhūtaṃ abhūtanti nibbacanaṃ, bhūta-saddassa ca atītatthaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Yāvañcida</span>nti sandhivasena niggahitāgamoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yāva ca ida’’</span>nti, etassa ca ‘‘suppaṭividitā’’ti etena sambandho. <span class="bld">Yāva ca</span>yattakaṃ<span class="bld"> idaṃ</span> ayaṃ nānādhimuttikatā suppaṭividitā, taṃ ‘‘ettakamevā’’ti na sakkā amhehi paṭivijjhituṃ, akkhātuñcāti sapāṭhasesattho. Tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘tena suppaṭividitatāya appameyyataṃ dassetī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Bhagavatā’’</span>tiādīhi <a name="M1.0199"></a> padehi samānādhikaraṇabhāvena vuttattā <span class="bld">tenā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">ta</span>-saddo sakatthapaṭiniddeso, tasmā yena abhisambuddhabhāvena bhagavā pakato samāno supākaṭo nāma hoti, tadabhisambuddhabhāvaṃ saddhiṃ āgamanapaṭipadāya tassa atthabhāvena dassento <span class="bld">‘‘yo so’’</span>tiādimāha<a name="V1.0174"></a>. Na hettha so pubbe vutto atthi, yo attho tehi therehi ta-saddena parāmasitabbo bhaveyya. Tasmā yathāvuttaguṇasaṅkhātaṃ sakatthaṃyevesa padhānabhāvena parāmasatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhi</span>nti aggamaggañāṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ, anāvaraṇañāṇapadaṭṭhānañca aggamaggañāṇaṃ. Tadubhayañhi sammā aviparītaṃ sayameva bujjhati, sammā vā pasaṭṭhā sundaraṃ bujjhatīti <span class="bld">sammāsambodhi.</span> Sā pana buddhānaṃ sabbaguṇasampattiṃ deti abhiseko viya rañño sabbalokissariyabhāvaṃ, tasmā ‘‘anuttarā sammāsambodhī’’ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Abhisambuddho</span>ti abbhaññāsi paṭivijjhi, tena tādisena bhagavatāti attho. Satipi ñāṇadassanānaṃ idha paññāvevacanabhāve tena tena visesena nesaṃ visayavisesappavattiṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘tesaṃ tesaṃ sattāna’’</span>ntiādimāha. Ettha hi paṭhamamatthaṃ asādhāraṇañāṇavasena dasseti. Āsayānusayañāṇena <span class="bld">jānatā</span> sabbaññutānāvaraṇañāṇehi <span class="bld">passatā</span>ti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dutiyaṃ vijjattayavasena. <span class="bld">Pubbenivāsādīhī</span>ti pubbenivāsāsavakkhayañāṇehi. Tatiyaṃ abhiññānāvaraṇañāṇavasena. Abhiññāpariyāpannepi <span class="bld">‘‘tīhi vijjāhī’’</span>ti tāsaṃ rāsibhedadassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Anāvaraṇañāṇasaṅkhātena <span class="bld">samantacakkhunā</span> passatāti attho. Catutthaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇamaṃsacakkhuvasena. <span class="bld">Paññāyā</span>ti sabbaññutaññāṇena. <span class="bld">Kuṭṭassa</span> bhittiyā <span class="bld">tiro</span> paraṃ, anto vā, tadādīsu gatāni. <span class="bld">Ativisuddhenā</span>ti ativiya visuddhena pañcavaṇṇasamannāgatena sunīlapāsādikaakkhilomasamalaṅkatena rattiñceva divā ca samantā yojanaṃ passantena <span class="bld">maṃsacakkhunā.</span> Pañcamaṃ paṭivedhadesanāñāṇavasena. <span class="bld">‘‘Attahitasādhikāyā’’</span>ti ekaṃsato vuttaṃ, pariyāyato panesā parahitasādhikāpi hoti. Tāya hi dhammasabhāvapaṭicchādakakilesasamugghātāya desanāñāṇādi sambhavati. <span class="bld">Paṭivedhapaññāyā</span>ti ariyamaggapaññāya. Vipassanāsahagato samādhi padaṭṭhānaṃ <a name="M1.0200"></a> āsannakāraṇametissāti <span class="bld">samādhipadaṭṭhānā,</span> tāya. <span class="bld">Desanāpaññāyā</span>ti desanākiccanipphādakena sabbaññutaññāṇena. <span class="bld">Arīna</span>nti kilesārīnaṃ, pañcamārānaṃ vā, sāsanapaccatthikānaṃ vā aññatitthiyānaṃ. Tesaṃ hananaṃ pāṭihāriyehi abhibhavanaṃ appaṭibhānatākaraṇaṃ, ajjhupekkhanañca majjhimapaṇṇāsake pañcamavagge saṅgītaṃ <span class="bld">caṅkīsutta</span>ñcettha (ma. ni. 2.422) nidassanaṃ, etena arayo hatā anenāti niruttinayena padasiddhimāha. Ato nāvacanassa tābyappadeso mahāvisayenāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Apica arayo hanatīti antasaddena padasiddhi, ikārassa ca akāro. Paccayādīnaṃ sampadānabhūtānaṃ, tesaṃ vā paṭiggahaṇaṃ, paṭiggahituṃ vā arahatīti arahanti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘paccayādīnañca arahattā’’</span>ti iminā. <span class="bld">Sammā</span>ti aviparītaṃ. <span class="bld">Sāmañcā</span>ti sayameva, aparaneyyo hutvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Kathaṃ panettha ‘‘sabbadhammāna’’nti ayaṃ viseso labbhatīti? Sāmaññajotanāya <a name="V1.0175"></a> visese avaṭṭhānato, visesatthinā ca visesassa anupayojetabbato yajjevaṃ ‘‘dhammāna’’nti visesovānupayojito siyā, kasmā sabbadhammānanti ayamattho anupayojīyatīti? Ekadesassa aggahaṇato. Padesaggahaṇe hi asati gahetabbassa nippadesatā viññāyati yathā ‘‘dikkhito na dadātī’’ti, esa nayo īdisesu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni ca catūhi padehi catuvesārajjavasena attanā adhippetataraṃ chaṭṭhamatthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘antarāyikadhamme vā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tathā hi tadeva nigamanaṃ karoti <span class="bld">‘‘eva’’</span>ntiādinā. Tattha antarāyakaradhammañāṇena <span class="bld">jānatā,</span> niyyānikadhammañāṇena <span class="bld">passatā,</span> āsavakkhayañāṇena <span class="bld">arahatā,</span> sabbaññutaññāṇena <span class="bld">sammāsambuddhena</span>āti yathākkamaṃ yojetabbaṃ. Anatthacaraṇena kilesā eva arayoti <span class="bld">kilesārayo,</span> tesaṃ <span class="bld">kilesārīnaṃ.</span> Etthāha – yassa ñāṇassa vasena sammā sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā bhagavā sammāsambuddho nāma jāto, kiṃ panidaṃ ñāṇaṃ sabbadhammānaṃ bujjhanavasena pavattamānaṃ sakiṃyeva sabbasmiṃ visaye pavattati, udāhu kamenāti. Kiñcettha – yadi tāva sakiṃyeva sabbasmiṃ visaye pavattati, evaṃ sati atītānāgatapaccuppannaajjhattabahiddhādibhedabhinnānaṃ saṅkhatadhammānaṃ, asaṅkhatasammutidhammānañca ekajjhaṃ upaṭṭhāne dūrato cittapaṭaṃ pekkhantassa viya paṭibhāgenāvabodho na siyā, tathā ca sati ‘‘sabbe dhammā anattā’’ti <a name="M1.0201"></a> (a. ni. 3.137; dha. pa. 279; mahāni. 27; cūḷani. 8, 10; netti. 5) vipassantānaṃ anattākārena viya sabbe dhammā anirūpitarūpena bhagavato ñāṇavisayā hontīti āpajjati. Yepi ‘‘sabbañeyyadhammānaṃ ṭhitilakkhaṇavisayaṃ vikapparahitaṃ sabbakālaṃ buddhānaṃ ñāṇaṃ pavattati, tena te ‘sabbavidū’ti vuccanti. Evañca katvā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘Gacchaṃ samāhito nāgo, ṭhito nāgo samāhito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Seyyaṃ samāhito nāgo, nisinnopi samāhito’ti. (a. ni. 6.43); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Idampi sabbadā ñāṇappavattidīpakaṃ aṅguttarāgame nāgopamasuttavacanaṃ suvuttaṃ nāma hotī’’ti vadanti, tesampi vāde vuttadosā nātivatti. Ṭhitilakkhaṇārammaṇatāya ca atītānāgatadhammānaṃ tadabhāvato ekadesavisayameva bhagavato ñāṇaṃ siyā, tasmā sakiññeva sabbasmiṃ visaye ñāṇaṃ pavattatīti na yujjati. Atha kamena sabbasmimpi visaye ñāṇaṃ pavattati, evampi na yujjati. Na hi jātibhūmisabhāvādivasena, disādesakālādivasena ca anekabhedabhinne ñeyye kamena <a name="V1.0176"></a> gayhamāne tassa anavasesapaṭivedho sambhavati apariyantabhāvato ñeyyassa. Ye pana ‘‘atthassa avisaṃvādanato ñeyyassa ekadesaṃ paccakkhaṃ katvā sesepi evanti adhimuccitvā vavatthāpanena sabbaññū nāma bhagavā jāto, tañca ñāṇaṃ na anumānikaṃ nāma saṃsayābhāvato. Saṃsayānubaddhañhi ñāṇaṃ loke anumānika’’nti vadanti, tesampi taṃ na yuttameva. Sabbassa hi appaccakkhabhāve atthāvisaṃvādanena ñeyyassa ekadesaṃ paccakkhaṃ katvā sesepi evanti adhimuccitvā vavatthāpanasseva asambhavato tathā asakkuṇeyyattā ca. Yañhi sesaṃ, tadapaccakkhameva, atha tampi paccakkhaṃ, tassa sesabhāvo eva na siyā, apariyantabhāvato ñeyyassa tathāvavatthitumeva na sakkāti? Sabbametaṃ akāraṇaṃ. Kasmā? Avisayavicāraṇabhāvato. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘buddhānaṃ bhikkhave, buddhavisayo acinteyyo na cintetabbo, yaṃ cintento ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assā’’ti (a. ni. 4.77) idaṃ panettha sanniṭṭhānaṃ – yaṃ kiñci bhagavatā ñātuṃ icchitaṃ, sakalamekadeso vā, tattha tattha appaṭihatavuttitāya paccakkhato ñāṇaṃ pavattati niccasamādhānañca vikkhepābhāvato, ñātuṃ icchitassa ca sakalassa avisayabhāve tassa ākaṅkhāpaṭibaddhavuttitā na siyā, ekanteneva <a name="M1.0202"></a> sā icchitabbā, sabbe dhammā buddhassa bhagavato āvajjanapaṭibaddhā ākaṅkhāpaṭibaddhā manasikārapaṭibaddhā cittuppādapaṭibaddhāti (mahāni. 69, 156; cūḷani. 85; paṭi. ma. 3.5) vacanato. Atītānāgatavisayampi bhagavato ñāṇaṃ anumānāgamatakkagahaṇavirahitattā paccakkhameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca etasmimpi pakkhe yadā sakalaṃ ñātuṃ icchitaṃ, tadā sakiṃyeva sakalavisayatāya anirūpitarūpena bhagavato ñāṇaṃ pavatteyyāti vuttadosā nātivattiyevāti? Na, tassa visodhitattā. Visodhito hi so buddhavisayo acinteyyoti. Aññathā pacurajanañāṇasamānavuttitāya buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ ñāṇassa acinteyyatā na siyā, tasmā sakaladhammārammaṇampi taṃ ekadhammārammaṇaṃ viya suvavatthāpiteyeva te dhamme katvā pavattatīti idamettha acinteyyaṃ, ‘‘yāvatakaṃ neyyaṃ, tāvatakaṃ ñāṇaṃ. Yāvatakaṃ ñāṇaṃ, tāvatakaṃ neyyaṃ. Neyyapariyantikaṃ ñāṇaṃ, ñāṇapariyantikaṃ neyyaṃ. Neyyaṃ atikkamitvā ñāṇaṃ nappavattati, ñāṇaṃ atikkamitvā neyyapatho natthi. Aññamaññapariyantaṭṭhāyino te dhammā, yathā dvinnaṃ samuggapaṭalānaṃ sammā phusitānaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ samuggapaṭalaṃ uparimaṃ nātivattati, uparimaṃ samuggapaṭalaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ nātivattati. Aññamaññapariyantaṭṭhāyino, evameva buddhassa bhagavato neyyañca ñāṇañca aññamaññapariyantaṭṭhāyino…pe… te dhammā’’ti (mahāni. 69, 156; cūḷani. 85; paṭi. ma. 3.5) evamekajjhaṃ, visuṃ, sakiṃ, kamena vā icchānurūpaṃ <a name="V1.0177"></a> pavattassa tassa ñāṇassa vasena sammā sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā bhagavā sammāsambuddho nāma jātoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ panettha aṭṭhakathāmuttako nayo – ṭhānāṭhānādīni chabbisayāni chahi ñāṇehi <span class="bld">jānatā,</span> yathākammūpage satte cutūpapātadibbacakkhuñāṇehi <span class="bld">passatā,</span> savāsanānamāsavānaṃ āsavakkhayañāṇena khīṇattā <span class="bld">arahatā,</span> jhānādidhamme saṃkilesavodānavasena sāmaṃyeva aviparītāvabodhato <span class="bld">sammāsambuddhena,</span> evaṃ dasabalañāṇavasena catūhākārehi thomitena. Apica tīsu kālesu appaṭihatañāṇatāya <span class="bld">jānatā,</span> tiṇṇampi kammānaṃ ñāṇānuparivattito nisammakāritāya <span class="bld">passatā,</span> davādīnaṃ channamabhāvasādhikāya pahānasampadāya <span class="bld">arahatā,</span> chandādīnaṃ channamahānihetubhūtāya aparikkhayapaṭibhānasādhikāya sabbaññutāya <span class="bld">sammāsambuddhena</span><a name="M1.0203"></a>, evaṃ aṭṭhārasāveṇikabuddhadhammavasena (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 3.305) catūhākārehi thomitenāti evamādinā tesaṃ tesaṃ ñāṇadassanapahānabodhanatthehi saṅgahitānaṃ buddhaguṇānaṃ vasena yojanā kātabbāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Catuvesārajjaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘catūhākārehī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Thomitenā’’</span>ti etena imesaṃ ‘‘bhagavatā’’ti padassa visesanataṃ dasseti. Yadipi hīnapaṇītabhedena duvidhāva adhimutti pāḷiyaṃ vuttā, pavattiākāravasena pana anekabhedabhinnāvāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘nānādhimuttikatā’’</span>ti. Sā pana adhimutti ajjhāsayadhātuyeva, tadapi tathā tathā dassanaṃ, khamanaṃ, rocanañcāti atthaṃ viññāpeti <span class="bld">‘‘nānajjhāsayatā’’</span>ti iminā. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘nānādhimuttikatā nānajjhāsayatā nānādiṭṭhikatā nānakkhantitā nānārucitā’’ti. ‘‘Yāvañcida’’nti etassa ‘‘suppaṭividitā’’ti iminā sambandho. Tattha ca <span class="bld">ida</span>nti padapūraṇamattaṃ, <span class="bld">‘‘nānādhimuttikatā’’</span>ti etena vā padena samānādhikaraṇaṃ, tassattho pana pākaṭoyevāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yāva ca suṭṭhu paṭividitā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Yā ca aya’’</span>ntiādinā dhātusaṃyuttapāḷiṃ dassento tadeva saṃyuttaṃ manasi karitvā tesaṃ avaṇṇavaṇṇabhāsanena saddhiṃ ghaṭetvā therānamayaṃ saṅkhiyadhammo udapādīti dasseti. Ato <span class="bld">assa</span> bhagavato dhātusaṃyuttadesanānayena tāsaṃ <span class="bld">suppaṭividitabhāvaṃ</span> samatthanavasena <span class="bld">dassetuṃ ‘‘ayaṃ hī’’tiādimāhā</span>ti attho daṭṭhabbo. Suppaṭividitabhāvasamatthanañhi <span class="bld">‘‘ayaṃ hī’’</span>tiādivacanaṃ. Tattha yā ayaṃ nānādhimuttikatā…pe… rucitāti sambandho. <span class="bld">Dhātuso</span>ti ajjhāsayadhātuyā. <span class="bld">Saṃsandantī</span>ti sambandhenti vissāsenti. <span class="bld">Samentī</span>ti sammā, saha vā bhavanti. <span class="bld">‘‘Hīnādhimuttikā’’</span>tiādi <a name="V1.0178"></a> tathābhāvavibhāvanaṃ. <span class="bld">Atītampi addhāna</span>nti atītasmiṃ kāle, accantasaṃyoge vā etaṃ upayogavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Nānādhimuttikatā</span>-padassa <span class="bld">nānajjhāsayatā</span>ti atthavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Nānādiṭṭhi…pe… rucitā</span>ti tassa sarūpadassanaṃ. Sassatādiladdhivasena <span class="bld">nānādiṭṭhikatā.</span> Pāpācārakalyāṇācārādipakativasena <span class="bld">nānakkhantitā</span>. Pāpicchāappicchādivasena <span class="bld">nānārucitā. Nāḷiyā</span>ti tumbena, āḷhakena vā. <span class="bld">Tulāyā</span>ti mānena. <span class="bld">Nānādhimuttikatāñāṇa</span>nti cettha sabbaññutaññāṇameva adhippetaṃ, na dasabalañāṇanti āha <a name="M1.0204"></a> <span class="bld">‘‘sabbaññutaññāṇenā’’</span>ti. Evaṃ <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.3) vuttaṃ, abhidhammaṭṭhakathāyaṃ, dasabalasuttaṭṭhakathāsu (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.149; a. ni. aṭṭha. 3.10.21; vibha. aṭṭha. 831) ca evamāgataṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paravādī panāha ‘‘dasabalañāṇaṃ nāma pāṭiyekkaṃ natthi, sabbaññutaññāṇassevāyaṃ pabhedo’’ti, taṃ tathā na daṭṭhabbaṃ. Aññameva hi dasabalañāṇaṃ, aññaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ. Dasabalañāṇañhi sakakiccameva jānāti, sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ pana tampi tato avasesampi jānāti. Dasabalañāṇesu hi paṭhamaṃ kāraṇākāraṇameva jānāti, dutiyaṃ kammantaravipākantarameva, tatiyaṃ kammaparicchedameva, catutthaṃ dhātunānattakāraṇameva, pañcamaṃ sattānamajjhāsayādhimuttimeva, chaṭṭhaṃ indriyānaṃ tikkhamudubhāvameva, sattamaṃ jhānādīhi saddhiṃ tesaṃ saṃkilesādimeva, aṭṭhamaṃ pubbenivutthakkhandhasantatimeva, navamaṃ sattānaṃ cutipaṭisandhimeva, dasamaṃ saccaparicchedameva, sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ pana etehi jānitabbañca tato uttariñca jānāti, etesaṃ pana kiccaṃ na sabbaṃ karoti. Tañhi jhānaṃ hutvā appetuṃ na sakkoti, iddhi hutvā vikubbituṃ na sakkoti, maggo hutvā kilese khepetuṃ na sakkoti. Apica paravādī evaṃ pucchitabbo ‘‘dasabalañāṇaṃ nāma etaṃ savitakkasavicāraṃ avitakkavicāramattaṃ avitakkaavicāraṃ, kāmāvacaraṃ rūpāvacaraṃ arūpāvacaraṃ, lokiyaṃ lokuttara’’nti. Jānanto paṭipāṭiyā satta ñāṇāni ‘‘savitakkasavicārānī’’ti vakkhati, tato parāni dve ‘‘avitakkaavicārānī’’ti vakkhati, āsavakkhayañāṇaṃ ‘‘siyā savitakkasavicāraṃ, siyā avitakkavicāramattaṃ, siyā avitakkaavicāra’’nti vakkhati, tathā paṭipāṭiyā satta kāmāvacarāni, tato paraṃ dve rūpāvacarāni, avasāne ekaṃ ‘‘lokuttara’nti vakkhati, sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ pana savitakkasavicārameva, kāmāvacarameva, lokiyamevāti. Iti aññadeva dasabalañāṇaṃ, aññaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇanti, tasmā pañcamabalañāṇasaṅkhātena nānādhimuttikatāñāṇena ca sabbaññutaññāṇena ca viditāti attho veditabbo. Ca-kāropi hi potthakesu dissati. <span class="bld">Sā</span>ti yathāvuttā nānādhimuttikatā. <span class="bld">‘‘Dvepi nāmā’’</span>tiādinā yathāvuttasuttassatthaṃ <a name="V1.0179"></a> saṅkhepena dassetvā <span class="bld">‘‘imesu cāpī’’</span>tiādinā tassa saṅkhiyadhammassa tadabhisambandhataṃ āvi karoti. <span class="bld">Iti ha me</span>ti ettha evaṃsaddatthe <span class="bld">iti</span>-saddo, <span class="bld">ha</span>-kāro nipātamattaṃ, āgamo vā. Sandhivasena <a name="M1.0205"></a> ikāralopo, akārādeso vāti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ ime’’</span>ti iminā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para4"></a><span class="paranum">4</span>. ‘‘Viditvā’’ti ettha pakatiyatthabhūtā vijānanakiriyā sāmaññena abhedavatīpi samānā taṃtaṃkaraṇayogyatāya anekappabhedāti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘bhagavā hī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Vatthūnī</span>ti gharavatthūni. ‘‘Sabbaññutaññāṇena disvā aññāsī’’ti ca vohāravacanamattametaṃ. Na hi tena dassanato aññaṃ jānanaṃ nāma natthi. Tadidaṃ ñāṇaṃ āvajjanapaṭibaddhaṃ ākaṅkhāpaṭibaddhaṃ manasikārapaṭibaddhaṃ cittuppādapaṭibaddhaṃ hutvā pavattati. Kiṃ nāma karonto bhagavā tena ñāṇena āvajjanādipaṭibaddhena aññāsīti sotūnamatthassa suviññāpanatthaṃ parammukhā viya codanaṃ samuṭṭhāpeti <span class="bld">‘‘kiṃ karonto aññāsī’’</span>ti iminā, pacchimayāmakiccaṃ karonto taṃ ñāṇaṃ āvajjanādipaṭibaddhaṃ hutvā tena tathā aññāsīti vuttaṃ hoti. Sāmaññasmiṃ sati visesavacanaṃ sātthakaṃ siyāti anuyogenāha <span class="bld">‘‘kiccañcanāmeta’’</span>ntiādi. <span class="bld">Arahattamaggena samugghātaṃ kataṃ</span> tassa samuṭṭhāpakakilesasamugghāṭanena, yato ‘‘natthi abyāvaṭamano’’ti aṭṭhārasasu buddhadhammesu vuccati. Niratthako cittasamudācāro natthīti hettha attho. Evampi vuttānuyogo tadavatthoyevāti codanamapaneti <span class="bld">‘‘taṃ pañcavidha’’</span>ntiādinā. Tattha purimakiccadvayaṃ divasabhāgavasena, itarattayaṃ rattibhāgavasena gahetabbaṃ tathāyeva vakkhamānattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Upaṭṭhākānuggahaṇatthaṃ, sarīraphāsukatthañcā’’</span>ti etena anekakappasamupacitapuññasambhārajanitaṃ bhagavato mukhavaraṃ duggandhādidosaṃ nāma natthi, tadubhayatthameva pana mukhadhovanādīni karotīti dasseti. Sabbopi hi buddhānaṃ kāyo bāhirabbhantarehi malehi anupakkiliṭṭho sudhotamaṇi viya hoti. <span class="bld">Vivittāsane</span>ti phalasamāpattīnamanurūpe vivekānubrūhanāsane. <span class="bld">Vītināmetvā</span>ti phalasamāpattīhi vītināmanaṃ vuttaṃ, tampi na vivekaninnatāya, paresañca diṭṭhānugati āpajjanatthaṃ. Surattadupaṭṭaṃ antaravāsakaṃ vihāranivāsanaparivattanavasena nivāsetvā vijjulatāsadisaṃ kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā meghavaṇṇaṃ sugatacīvaraṃ pārupitvā selamayapattaṃ ādāyāti adhippāyo. Tathāyeva hi tattha tattha vutto. <span class="bld">‘‘Kadāci ekako’’</span>tiādi <a name="M1.0206"></a> tesaṃ tesaṃ vineyyānaṃ vinayanānukūlaṃ bhagavato upasaṅkamanadassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">vā</span>-saddo vikappanattho, tena nagarampi vikappeti. Yathāruci vattamānehi anekehi pāṭihāriyehi pavisatīti sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Seyyathida’’</span>ntiādinā <a name="V1.0180"></a> pacchimapakkhaṃ vitthāreti. <span class="bld">Seyyathida</span>nti ca taṃ katamanti atthe nipāto, idaṃ vā sappāṭihīrapavisanaṃ katamantipi vaṭṭati. <span class="bld">Mudugatavātā</span>ti mudubhūtā, mudubhāvena vā gatā vātā. <span class="bld">Udakaphusitānī</span>ti udakabindūni. <span class="bld">Muñcantā</span>ti osiñcantā. <span class="bld">Reṇuṃ vūpasametvā</span>ti rajaṃ sannisīdāpetvā upari <span class="bld">vitānaṃ hutvā tiṭṭhanti</span> caṇḍa-vātātapa-himapātādi-haraṇena vitānakiccanipphādakattā, tato tato himavantādīsu pupphūpagarukkhato upasaṃharitvāti atthassa viññāyamānattā tathā na vuttaṃ. Samabhāgakaraṇamattena <span class="bld">onamanti, unnamanti</span> ca, tatoyeva <span class="bld">pādanikkhepasamaye samāva bhūmi hoti</span>. Nidassanamattañcetaṃ sakkharakathalakaṇṭakasaṅkukalalādiapagamanassāpi sambhavato, tañca suppatiṭṭhitapādatālakkhaṇassa nissandaphalaṃ, na iddhinimmānaṃ. <span class="bld">Padumapupphāni vā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">vā</span>-saddo vikappanattho, tena ‘‘yadi yathāvuttanayena samā bhūmi hoti, evaṃ sati tāni na paṭiggaṇhanti, tathā pana asatiyeva paṭiggaṇhantī’’ti bhagavato yathāruci pavattanaṃ dasseti. Sabbadāva bhagavato gamanaṃ paṭhamaṃ dakkhiṇapāduddharaṇasaṅkhātānubyañjanapaṭimaṇḍitanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ṭhapitamatte dakkhiṇapāde’’</span>ti. Buddhānaṃ sabbadakkhiṇatāya tathā vuttanti <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālatthero,</span>(dī. ni. ṭī. 1.4)<span class="bld"> ācariyasāriputtatthero</span> (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.53) ca vadati, sabbesaṃ uttamatāya evaṃ vuttanti attho. Evaṃ sati uttamapurisānaṃ tathāpakatitāyāti āpajjati. Ṭhapitamatte nikkhamitvā dhāvantīti sambandho. Idañca yāvadeva vineyyajanavinayanatthaṃ satthu pāṭihāriyanti tesaṃ dassanaṭṭhānaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Chabbaṇṇarasmiyo’’</span>ti vatvāpi <span class="bld">‘‘suvaṇṇarasapiñjarāni viyā’’</span>ti vacanaṃ bhagavato sarīre pītābhāya yebhuyyatāyāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Rasa</span>-saddo cettha udakapariyāyo, <span class="bld">piñjara</span>-saddo hemavaṇṇapariyāyo, suvaṇṇajaladhārā viya suvaṇṇavaṇṇānīti attho’’ti (sārattha. ṭī. 1.buddhāciṇṇakathā.22) <span class="bld">sāratthadīpaniyaṃ</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Pāsādakūṭāgārādīni</span> tesu tesu gāmanigamādīsu saṃvijjamānāni <span class="bld">alaṅkarontiyo</span> hutvā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Tathā’’</span>tiādinā <a name="M1.0207"></a> sayameva dhammatāvasena tesaṃ saddakaraṇaṃ dasseti. Tadā kāyaṃ upagacchantīti <span class="bld">kāyūpagāni,</span> na yattha katthaci ṭhitāni. <span class="bld">‘‘Antaravīthi’’</span>nti iminā bhagavato piṇḍāya gamanānurūpavīthiṃ dasseti. Na hi bhagavā loluppacārapiṇḍacāriko viya yattha katthaci gacchati. Ye paṭhamaṃ gatā, ye vā tadanucchavikaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ dātuṃ samatthā, te <span class="bld">bhagavatopi pattaṃ</span> gaṇhantīti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Paṭimānentī</span>ti patissamānasā pūjenti, bhagavantaṃ vā paṭimānāpenti paṭimānantaṃ karonti. Vohāramattañcetaṃ, bhagavato pana apaṭimānanā nāma natthi. <span class="bld">Cittasantānānī</span>ti atīte, etarahi ca pavattacittasantānāni. Yathā keci arahatte patiṭṭhahanti, tathā dhammaṃ desetīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Keci pabbajitvā</span>ti ca arahattasamāpannānaṃ pabbajjāsaṅkhepagatadassanatthaṃ<a name="V1.0181"></a>, na pana gihīnaṃ arahattasamāpannatāpaṭikkhepanatthaṃ. Ayañhi arahattappattānaṃ gihīnaṃ sabhāvo, yā tadaheva pabbajjā vā, kālaṃ kiriyāvāti. Tathā hi vuttaṃ āyasmatā <span class="bld">nāgasenattherena</span> ‘‘visamaṃ mahārāja, gihiliṅgaṃ, visame liṅge liṅgadubbalatāya arahattaṃ patto gihī tasmiṃyeva divase pabbajati vā parinibbāyati vā neso mahārāja, doso arahattassa, gihiliṅgasseveso doso yadidaṃ liṅgadubbalatā’’ti (mi. pa. 5.2.2) sabbaṃ vattabbaṃ. Ettha ca sappāṭihīrappavesanasambandheneva mahājanānuggahaṇaṃ dassitaṃ, appāṭihīrappavesanena ca pana ‘‘te sunivatthā supārutā’’tiādivacanaṃ yathārahaṃ sambandhitvā mahājanānuggahaṇaṃ atthato vibhāvetabbaṃ hoti. Tampi hi purebhattakiccamevāti. Upaṭṭhānasālā cettha <span class="bld">maṇḍalamāḷo. Tattha gantvā maṇḍalamāḷe</span>ti idha pāṭho likhito. ‘‘Gandhamaṇḍalamāḷe’’tipi (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.53) <span class="bld">manorathapūraṇiyā</span> dissati, taṭṭīkāyañca ‘‘catujjātiyagandhena paribhaṇḍe maṇḍalamāḷe’’ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Gandhakuṭiṃ pavisatī</span>ti ca pavisanakiriyāsambandhatāya, tassamīpatāya ca vuttaṃ, tasmā pavisituṃ gacchatīti attho daṭṭhabbo, na pana anto tiṭṭhatīti. Evañhi ‘‘atha kho bhagavā’’tiādivacanaṃ (dī. ni. 1.4) sūpapannaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Atha khoti</span> evaṃ gandhakuṭiṃ pavisituṃ gamanakāle. <span class="bld">Upaṭṭhāne</span>ti samīpapadese. <span class="bld">‘‘Pāde pakkhāletvā pādapīṭhe ṭhatvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ ovadatī’’</span>ti ettha pāde pakkhālentova pādapīṭhe tiṭṭhanto ovadatīti veditabbaṃ. Etadatthaṃyeva <a name="M1.0208"></a> hi bhikkhūnaṃ bhattakiccapariyosānaṃ āgamayamāno nisīdi. <span class="bld">Dullabhā sampattī</span>ti satipi manussattapaṭilābhe patirūpadesavāsaindriyāvekallasaddhāpaṭilābhādayo sampattisaṅkhātā guṇā dullabhāti attho. Potthakesu pana ‘‘dullabhā saddhāsampattī’’ti pāṭho dissati, so ayuttova. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tasmiṃ pādapīṭhe ṭhatvā ovadanakāle, tesu vā bhikkhūsu, rattiyā vasanaṃ ṭhānaṃ <span class="bld">rattiṭṭhānaṃ,</span> tathā <span class="bld">divāṭhānaṃ</span>. <span class="bld">‘‘Kecī’’</span>tiādi tabbivaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Cātumahārājikabhavana</span>nti cātumahārājikadevaloke suññavimānāni sandhāya vuttaṃ. Esa nayo <span class="bld">tāvatiṃsabhavanādīsupi.</span> Tato bhagavā gandhakuṭiṃ pavisitvā pacchābhattaṃ tayo bhāge katvā paṭhamabhāge sace ākaṅkhati, dakkhiṇena passena sīhaseyyaṃ kappeti, sace nākaṅkhati, buddhāciṇṇaṃ phalasamāpattiṃ samāpajjati, atha yathākālaparicchedaṃ tato vuṭṭhahitvā dutiyabhāge pacchimayāmassa tatiyakoṭṭhāse viya lokaṃ voloketi veneyyānaṃ ñāṇaparipākaṃ passituṃ, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘sace ākaṅkhatī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Sīhaseyya</span>ntiādīnamattho heṭṭhā vuttova. Yañhi apubbaṃ padaṃ anuttānaṃ, tadeva vaṇṇayissāma. Sammā assāsitabboti gāhāpanavasena upatthambhitabboti <span class="bld">samassāsito. </span> Tādiso kāyo yassāti tathā. Dhammassavanatthaṃ <span class="bld">sannipatati. </span> Tassā parisāya cittācāraṃ ñatvā katabhāvaṃ sandhāyāha <a name="V1.0182"></a> <span class="bld">‘‘sampattaparisāyaanurūpena pāṭihāriyenā’’</span>ti. Yattha dhammaṃ saha bhāsanti, sā <span class="bld">dhammasabhā</span> nāma. <span class="bld">Kālayutta</span>nti ‘‘imissā velāya imassa evaṃ vattabba’’nti taṃtaṃkālānurūpaṃ. <span class="bld">Samayayutta</span>nti tasseva vevacanaṃ, aṭṭhuppattianurūpaṃ vā <span class="bld">samayayuttaṃ.</span> Atha vā <span class="bld">samayayutta</span>nti hetudāharaṇehi yuttaṃ. Kālena sāpadesañhi bhagavā dhammaṃ deseti. <span class="bld">Kālaṃ viditvā parisaṃ uyyojeti,</span> na yāva samandhakārā dhammaṃ desetīti adhippāyo. ‘‘Samayaṃ viditvā parisaṃ uyyojesī’’tipi katthaci pariyāyavacanapāṭho dissati, so pacchā pamādalikhito.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Gattānī</span>ti kāyoyeva anekāvayavattā vutto. <span class="bld">‘‘Utuṃ gaṇhāpetī’’</span>ti iminā utugaṇhāpanatthameva osiñcanaṃ, na pana malavikkhālanatthanti dasseti. Na hi bhagavato kāye rajojallaṃ upalimpatīti. Catujjātikena gandhena paribhāvitā kuṭī <span class="bld">gandhakuṭī. </span> Tassā pariveṇaṃ tathā. Phalasamāpattīhi <span class="bld">muhuttaṃ paṭisallīno. Tato tato</span>ti attano attano <a name="M1.0209"></a> rattiṭṭhānadivāṭhānato, upagantvā, samīpe vā ṭhānaṃ <span class="bld">upaṭṭhānaṃ,</span> bhajanaṃ sevananti attho. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tasmiṃ nisīdanaṭṭhāne, purimayāme vā, tesu vā bhikkhūsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pañhākathanādivasena adhippāyaṃ sampādento ‘‘dasasahassilokadhātū’’ti evaṃ avatvā tassā anekāvayavasaṅgahaṇatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sakaladasasahassilokadhātū’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Purebhattapacchābhattapurimayāmesu manussaparisābāhullato okāsaṃ alabhitvā idāni majjhimayāmeyeva okāsaṃ labhamānā, bhagavatā vā katokāsatāya okāsaṃ labhamānāti adhippāyo. Kīdisaṃ pana pucchantīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yathābhisaṅkhataṃ antamaso caturakkharampī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Yathābhisaṅkhata</span>nti abhisaṅkhatānurūpaṃ, tadanatikkamma vā, etena yathā tathā attano paṭibhānānurūpaṃ pucchantīti dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pacchābhattakālassa tīsu bhāgesu paṭhamabhāge sīhaseyyākappanaṃ ekantaṃ na hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘purebhattato paṭṭhāya nisajjāya pīḷitassa sarīrassā’’</span>ti. Teneva hi pubbe ‘‘sace ākaṅkhatī’’ti tadā sīhaseyyākappanassa anibaddhatā vibhāvitā. <span class="bld">Kilāsubhāvo</span> kilamatho. Sarīrassa kilāsubhāvamocanatthaṃ caṅkamena vītināmeti sīhaseyyaṃ kappetīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Buddhacakkhunā</span>ti āsayānusayaindriyaparopariyattañāṇasaṅkhātena pañcamachaṭṭhabalabhūtena buddhacakkhunā. Tena hi lokavolokanabāhullatāya taṃ ‘‘buddhacakkhū’’ti vuccati, idañca pacchimayāme bhagavato bahulaṃ āciṇṇavasena vuttaṃ. Appekadā avasiṭṭhabalañāṇehi, sabbaññutaññāṇeneva ca bhagavā tamatthaṃ sādheti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Pacchimayāmakiccaṃ <a name="V1.0183"></a> karonto aññāsī’’ti pubbe vuttamatthaṃ samatthento <span class="bld">‘‘tasmiṃ pana divase’’</span>tiādimāha. Buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ yattha katthaci vasantānaṃ idaṃ pañcavidhaṃ kiccaṃ avijahitameva hoti sabbakālaṃ suppatiṭṭhitasatisampajaññattā, tasmā tadahepi tadavijahanabhāvadassanatthaṃ idha pañcavidhakiccapayojananti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Caṅkama</span>nti tattha caṅkamanānurūpaṭṭhānaṃ. Caṅkamamāno aññāsīti yojetabbaṃ. Pubbe vutte atthadvaye pacchimatthaññeva gahetvā <span class="bld">‘‘sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ ārabbhā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Purimattho hi pakaraṇādhigatattā suviññeyyoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Atha <a name="M1.0210"></a> kho bhagavā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ imaṃ saṅkhiyadhammaṃ viditvā yena maṇḍalamāḷo, tenupasaṅkamī’’ti ayaṃ sāvasesapāṭho, tasmā etaṃ viditvā, evaṃ cintetvā ca upasaṅkamīti attho veditabboti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ñatvā ca panassā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">assa etadahosī</span>ti assa bhagavato etaṃ parivitakkanaṃ, eso vā cetaso parivitakko ahosi, liṅgavipallāsoyaṃ ‘‘etadagga’’ntiādīsu (a. ni. 1.188 ādayo) viya. <span class="bld">Sabbaññutaññāṇakiccaṃ na</span> sabbathā <span class="bld">pākaṭaṃ. Nirantara</span>nti anupubbārocanavasena nibbivaraṃ, yathābhāsitassa vā ārocanavasena nibbisesaṃ. Bhāvanapuṃsakañcetaṃ. <span class="bld">Taṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā</span>ti taṃ yathārocitaṃ vacanaṃ imassa suttassa uppattikāraṇaṃ katvā, imassa vā suttassa desanāya uppannaṃ kāraṇaṃ katvātipi attho. <span class="bld">Attha</span>-saddo cettha kāraṇe, tena imassa suttassa aṭṭhuppattikaṃ nikkhepaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Dvāsaṭṭhiyā ṭhānesū</span>ti dvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhigataṭṭhānesu. <span class="bld">Appaṭivattiya</span>nti samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ anivattiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Sīhanādaṃ nadanto</span>ti seṭṭhanādasaṅkhātaṃ abhītanādaṃ nadanto. Yaṃ pana lokiyā vadanti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Uttarasmiṃ pade byagghapuṅgavosabhakuñjarā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sīhasaddūlanāgādyā, pume seṭṭhatthagocarā’’ti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Taṃ yebhuyyavasenāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sīhanādasadisaṃ vā nādaṃ nadanto. Ayamattho sīhanādasuttena (a. ni. 6.64; 10.21) dīpetabbo. Yathā vā kesaro migarājā sahanato, hananato, ca ‘‘sīho’’ti vuccati, evaṃ tathāgatopi lokadhammānaṃ sahanato, parappavādānaṃ hananato ca ‘‘sīho’’ti vuccati. Tasmā sīhassa tathāgatassa nādaṃ nadantotipi attho daṭṭhabbo. Yathā hi sīho sīhabalena samannāgato sabbattha visārado vigatalomahaṃso sīhanādaṃ nadati, evaṃ tathāgatasīhopi tathāgatabalehi samannāgato aṭṭhasu parisāsu visārado vigatalomahaṃso ‘‘ime diṭṭhiṭṭhānā’’tiādinā nayena nānāvidhadesanāvilāsasampannaṃ sīhanādaṃ nadati<a name="V1.0184"></a>. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘sīhoti kho bhikkhave, tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassa. Yaṃ kho bhikkhave, tathāgato parisāya dhammaṃ deseti, idamassa hoti sīhanādasmi’’nti (a. ni. 10.21). ‘‘Ime <a name="M1.0211"></a> diṭṭhiṭṭhānā’’tiādikā hi idha vakkhamānadesanāyeva <span class="bld">sīhanādo.</span> Tesaṃ ‘‘vedanāpaccayā taṇhā’’tiādinā vakkhamānanayena paccayākārassa samodhānampi veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Sineruṃ…pe… viya cā</span>ti upamādvayena brahmajāladesanāya anaññasādhāraṇattā sudukkarataṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Suvaṇṇakūṭenā</span>ti suvaṇṇamayapaharaṇopakaraṇavisesena. Ratananikūṭena viya agāraṃ <span class="bld">arahattanikūṭena</span> brahmajālasuttantaṃ niṭṭhapento, <span class="bld">nikūṭenā</span>ti ca niṭṭhānagatena accuggatakūṭenāti attho. Idañca arahattaphalapariyosānattā sabbaguṇānaṃ tadeva sabbesaṃ uttaritaranti vuttaṃ. Purimo pana <span class="bld">me</span>-saddo desanāpekkhoti parinibbutassāpi me sā desanā aparabhāge pañcavassasahassānīti attho yutto. Savanauggahaṇadhāraṇavācanādivasena paricayaṃ karonte, tathā ca paṭipanne nibbānaṃ sampāpikā bhavissatīti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadaggena <span class="bld">yenā</span>ti karaṇaniddeso, tadaggena <span class="bld">tenā</span> tipi daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Eta</span>nti ‘‘yena tenā’’ti etaṃ padadvayaṃ. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti hi tasmiṃ maṇḍalamāḷeti attho. <span class="bld">Yenā</span>ti vā bhummatthe karaṇavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Tenā</span>ti pana upayogatthe. Tasmā <span class="bld">tatthā</span>ti taṃ maṇḍalamāḷantipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Upasaṅkamī</span>ti ca upasaṅkamantoti attho paccuppannakālassa adhippetattā, tadupasaṅkamanassa pana atītabhāvassa sūcanato ‘‘upasaṅkamī’’ti takkālāpekkhanavasena atītapayogo vutto. Evañhi ‘‘upasaṅkamitvā’’ti vacanaṃ sūpapannaṃ hoti. Itarathā dvinnampi vacanānaṃ atītakālikattā tathāvattabbameva na siyā. Upasaṅkamanassa ca gamanaṃ, upagamanañcāti dvidhā attho, idha pana gamanameva. Sampattukāmatāya hi yaṃ kiñci ṭhānaṃ gacchanto taṃ taṃ padesātikkamanavasena ‘‘taṃ ṭhānaṃ upasaṅkami upasaṅkamanto’’ti vattabbataṃ labhati, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘tattha gato’’</span>ti, tena upagamanatthaṃ nivatteti. Yañhi ṭhānaṃ pattumicchanto gacchati, taṃ pattatāyeva ‘‘upagamana’’nti vuccati. Yamettha na saṃvaṇṇitaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘upasaṅkamitvā’’</span>ti padaṃ, taṃ upasaṅkamanapariyosānadīpanaṃ. Atha vā <span class="bld">gato</span>ti upagato. Anupasaggopi hi saddo saupasaggo viya atthantaraṃ vadati saupasaggopi anupasaggo viyāti. Ato <span class="bld">‘‘upasaṅkamitvā’’</span>ti padassa evaṃ upagato tato āsannataraṃ bhikkhūnaṃ samīpasaṅkhātaṃ pañhaṃ vā kathetuṃ, dhammaṃ vā desetuṃ sakkuṇeyyaṭṭhānaṃ upagantvāti attho veditabbo. Apica <span class="bld">yenā</span>ti hetumhi karaṇavacanaṃ. Yena kāraṇena bhagavatā so <a name="M1.0212"></a> maṇḍalamāḷo upasaṅkamitabbo, tena kāraṇena upasaṅkamīti attho. Kāraṇaṃ pana ‘‘ime bhikkhū’’tiādinā aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paññatte</span> <a name="V1.0185"></a> <span class="bld">āsane nisīdī</span>ti ettha kenidaṃ paññattanti anuyoge sati bhikkhūhīti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘buddhakāle kirā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">buddhakāle</span>ti dharamānassa bhagavato kāle. <span class="bld">Visesa</span>nti yathāladdhato uttari jhānamaggaphalaṃ. <span class="bld">Athā</span>ti saṃsayatthe nipāto, yadi passatīti attho. Vitakkayamānaṃ naṃ bhikkhunti sambandho, tathā <span class="bld">tato</span> passanahetu dassetvā, ovaditvāti ca. <span class="bld">Anamatagge</span>ti anādimati. <span class="bld">Ākāsaṃ uppatitvā</span>ti ākāse uggantvā. Īdisesu hi bhummattho eva yujjatīti <span class="bld">udānaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Bhāro</span>ti taṅkhaṇeyeva bhagavato anucchavikāsanassa dullabhattā garukammaṃ. <span class="bld">Phalaka</span>nti nisīdanatthāya kataṃ phalaṃ. <span class="bld">Kaṭṭhaka</span>nti nisīdanayogyaṃ phalakato aññaṃ dārukkhandhaṃ. <span class="bld">Saṅkaḍḍhitvā</span>ti saṃharitvā. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti purāṇapaṇṇesu, kevalaṃ tesu eva nisīditumananucchavikattā tathā vuttaṃ, <span class="bld">tatthā</span>ti vā tesu pīṭhādīsu. Evaṃ sati saṅkaḍḍhitvā paññapentīti atthavasā vibhattiṃ vipariṇāmetvā sambandho. <span class="bld">Papphoṭetvā</span>ti yathāṭhitaṃ rajojallādi-saṃkiṇṇamananurūpanti tabbisodhanatthaṃ sañcāletvā. ‘‘Amhākaṃ īdisā kathā aññatarissā desanāya kāraṇaṃ bhavituṃ yuttā, avassaṃ bhagavā āgamissatī’’ti ñatvā yathānisīdanaṃ sandhāya evaṃ vuttaṃ. Ettha ca ‘‘idhāgato samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā tāvakālikaṃ gaṇhitvā paribhuñjatū’’ti raññā ṭhapitaṃ, tena ca āgatakāle paribhuttaṃ āsanaṃ <span class="bld">rañño nisīdanāsana</span>nti veditabbaṃ. Na hi tathā aṭṭhapitaṃ bhikkhūhi paribhuñjituṃ, bhagavato ca paññapetuṃ vaṭṭati. Tasmā tādisaṃ rañño nisīdanāsanaṃ pāḷiyaṃ kathitanti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘taṃ sandhāyā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Adhimuttiñāṇa</span>nti ca sattānaṃ nānādhimuttikatārammaṇaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ, balañāṇañca, vuttovāyamattho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Nisajjā’’</span>ti idaṃ nisīdanapariyosānadīpananti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘eva’’</span>ntiādinā. ‘‘Tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ime saṅkhiyadhammaṃ viditvā’’ti vuttattā jānantoyeva pucchīti ayamattho siddhoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘jānantoyevā’’</span>ti. Asati kathāvatthumhi tadanurūpā uparūpari vattabbā visesakathā na samūpabrūhatīti kathāsamuṭṭhāpanatthaṃ pucchanaṃ veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Nu</span>-iti pucchanatthe. <span class="bld">Asa</span>-saddo pavattanattheti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘katamāya nu…pe… bhavathā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti etasmiṃ ṭhāne <a name="M1.0213"></a> sandhivasena ukārassa okārādesova, na paṭhamāya pāḷiyā atthato visesoti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘tassāpi purimoyeva attho’’</span>ti iminā. <span class="bld">Purimoyevattho</span>ti ca ‘‘katamāya nu bhavathā’’ti evaṃ vutto attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Kā ca panā’’ti ettha <span class="bld">ca</span>-saddo byatireke ‘‘yo ca buddhañca dhammañca, saṅghañca saraṇaṃ gato’’tiādīsu viya. Byatireko ca nāma pubbe vuttatthāpekkhako visesātirekattho, so ca taṃ pubbe yathāpucchitāya kathāya vakkhamānaṃ vippakatabhāvasaṅkhātaṃ byatirekatthaṃ joteti. Pana-saddo vacanālaṅkāro<a name="V1.0186"></a>. Tādiso pana attho saddasatthatova suviññeyyoti katvā tadaññesameva atthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘antarākathāti kammaṭṭhāna…pe… kathā’’</span>tiādimāha. Kammaṭṭhānamanasikārauddesaparipucchādayo samaṇakaraṇīyabhūtāti antarāsaddena apekkhite karaṇīyavisese sambandhāpādānabhāvena vattabbe tesameva vattabbarūpattā <span class="bld">‘‘kammaṭṭhānamanasikārauddesaparipucchādīna’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Yāya hi kathāya te bhikkhū sannisinnā, sā eva antarākathā vippakatā visesena puna pucchīyati, na tadaññe kammaṭṭhānamanasikārauddesaparipucchādayoti. Antarāsaddassa aññatthamāha <span class="bld">‘‘aññā, ekā’’</span>ti ca. Pariyāyavacanañhetaṃ padadvayaṃ. Yasmā aññatthe ayaṃ antarāsaddo ‘‘bhūmantaraṃ, samayantara’’ntiādīsu viya. Tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘kammaṭṭhānamanasikārauddesaparipucchādīna’’</span>nti nissakkatthe sāmivacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Vemajjhe vā antarāsaddo, sā pana tesaṃ vemajjhabhūtattā aññāyeva, tehi ca asammissattā visuṃ ekāyevāti adhippāyaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘aññā, ekā’’</span>ti ca vuttaṃ. Pakārena karaṇaṃ <span class="bld">pakato,</span> tato vigatā, vigataṃ vā pakataṃ yassāti <span class="bld">vippakatā,</span> apariniṭṭhitā. <span class="bld">Sikha</span>nti pariyosānaṃ. Ayaṃ pana tadabhisambandhavasena uttari kathetukamyatāpucchā, taṃ sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘nāha’’</span>ntiādi. <span class="bld">Kathābhaṅgattha</span>nti kathāya bhañjanatthaṃ. Atthato āpannattā <span class="bld">sabbaññupavāraṇaṃ pavāreti.</span> Aniyyānikattā saggamokkhamaggānaṃ tiracchānabhūtā kathā<span class="bld"> tiracchānakathā. Tiracchānabhūtā</span>ti ca tirokaraṇabhūtā, vibandhanabhūtāti attho. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena cettha coramahāmattasenābhayakathādikaṃ anekavihitaṃ niratthakakathaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Ayaṃ kathā evāti antogadhāvadhāraṇataṃ<a name="M1.0214"></a>, aññatthāpohanaṃ vā sandhāya cetaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Athā</span>ti tassā avippakatakāleyeva. <span class="bld">‘‘Taṃ no’’</span>tiādinā atthato āpannamāha. Esa nayo īdisesu. Nanu ca tehi bhikkhūhi sā kathā ‘‘iti ha me’’tiādinā yathādhippāyaṃ niṭṭhāpitāyevāti? Na niṭṭhāpitā bhagavato upasaṅkamanena upacchinnattā. Yadi hi bhagavā tasmiṃ khaṇe na upasaṅkameyya, bhiyyopi tappaṭibaddhāyeva tathā pavatteyyuṃ, bhagavato upasaṅkamanena pana na pavattesuṃ, tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘ayaṃ no…pe… anuppatto’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni nidānassa, nidānavaṇṇanāya vā pariniṭṭhitabhāvaṃ dassento tassa bhagavato vacanassānukūlabhāvampi samatthetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ettāvatā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Ettāvatā</span>ti hi ettakena ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’ntiādivacanakkamena yaṃ nidānaṃ bhāsitanti vā ettakena ‘‘tattha evanti nipātapada’’ntiādivacanakkamena atthavaṇṇanā samattāti vā dvidhā attho daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">‘‘Kamala…pe… salilāyā’’</span>tiādinā pana tassa nidānassa bhagavato vacanassānukūlabhāvaṃ dīpeti. Tattha <span class="bld">kamalakuvalayujjalavimalasādhurasasalilāyā</span>ti kamalasaṅkhātehi padumapuṇḍarīkasetuppalarattuppalehi <a name="V1.0187"></a> ceva kuvalayasaṅkhātena nīluppalena ca ujjalavimalasādhurasasalilavatiyā. <span class="bld">Nimmalasilātalaracanavilāsasobhitaratanasopāna</span>nti nimmalena silātalena racanāya vilāsena līlāya sobhitaratanasopānavantaṃ, nimmalasilātalena vā racanavilāsena, susaṅkhatakiriyāsobhena ca sobhitaratanasopānaṃ, vilāsasobhitasaddehi vā ativiya sobhitabhāvo vutto. <span class="bld">Vippakiṇṇamuttātalasadisavālukācuṇṇapaṇḍarabhūmibhāga</span>nti vividhena pakiṇṇāya muttāya talasadisānaṃ vālukānaṃ cuṇṇehi paṇḍaravaṇṇabhūmibhāgavantaṃ. <span class="bld">Suvibhattabhittivicitravedikāparikkhittassā</span>ti suṭṭhu vibhattāhi bhittīhi vicitrassa, vedikāhi parikkhittassa ca. Uccatarena nakkhattapathaṃ ākāsaṃ phusitukāmatāya viya, vijambhitasaddena cetassa sambandho. <span class="bld">Vijambhitasamussayassā</span>ti vikkīḷanasamūhavantassa. <span class="bld">Dantamayasaṇhamuduphalakakañcanalatāvinaddhamaṇigaṇappabhāsamudayujjalasobha</span>nti dantamaye ativiya siniddhaphalake kañcanamayāhi latāhi vinaddhānaṃ maṇīnaṃ gaṇappabhāsamudāyena samujjalasobhāsampannaṃ. <span class="bld">Suvaṇṇavalayanupurādisaṅghaṭṭanasaddasammissitakathitahasita- madhurassaragehajanavicaritassā</span>ti suvaṇṇamayaniyurapādakaṭakādīnaṃ <a name="M1.0215"></a> aññamaññaṃ saṅghaṭṭanena janitasaddehi sammissitakathitasarahasitasarasaṅkhātena madhurassarena sampannānaṃ gehanivāsīnaṃ naranārīnaṃ vicaritaṭṭhānabhūtassa. <span class="bld">Uḷārissariyavibhavasobhitassā</span>ti uḷāratāsampannajanaissariyasampannajanavibhavasampannajanehi, tannivāsīnaṃ vā naranārīnaṃ uttamādhipaccabhogehi sobhitassa. <span class="bld">Suvaṇṇarajatamaṇimuttāpavāḷādijutivissaravijjotitasuppatiṭṭhitavisāla dvārabāha</span>nti suvaṇṇarajatanānāmaṇimuttāpavāḷādīnaṃ jutīhi pabhassaravijjotitasuppatiṭṭhitavitthatadvārabāhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tividhasīlādidassanavasena buddhassa guṇānubhāvaṃ sammā sūcetīti <span class="bld">buddhaguṇānubhāvasaṃsūcakaṃ,</span> tassa. Kālo ca deso ca desako ca vatthu ca parisā ca, tāsaṃ apadesena nidassanena paṭimaṇḍitaṃ tathā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kimatthaṃ panettha dhammavinayasaṅgahe kariyamāne nidānavacanaṃ vuttaṃ, nanu bhagavatā bhāsitavacanasseva saṅgaho kātabboti? Vuccate – desanāya ṭhitiasammosasaddheyyabhāvasampādanatthaṃ. Kāladesadesakavatthuparisāpadesehi upanibandhitvā ṭhapitā hi desanā ciraṭṭhitikā hoti, asammosadhammā, saddheyyā ca desakālavatthuhetunimittehi upanibandho viya vohāravinicchayo, teneva cāyasmatā mahākassapena ‘‘brahmajālaṃ āvuso ānanda kattha bhāsita’’ntiādinā (cūḷava. 439) desādipucchāsu katāsu tāsaṃ vissajjanaṃ <a name="V1.0188"></a> karontena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena āyasmatā ānandattherena nidānaṃ bhāsitanti tadevidhāpi vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kāladesadesakavatthuparisāpadesapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ nidāna’’</span>nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica satthusampattipakāsanatthaṃ nidānavacanaṃ. Tathāgatassa hi bhagavato pubba-racanā-numānāgama-takkābhāvato sammāsambuddhattasiddhi. Sammāsambuddhabhāvena hissa puretaraṃ racanāya, ‘‘evampi nāma bhaveyyā’’ti anumānassa, āgamantaraṃ nissāya parivitakkassa ca abhāvo sabbattha appaṭihatañāṇacāratāya ekappamāṇattā ñeyyadhammesu. Tathā ācariyamuṭṭhidhammamacchariyasāsanasāvakānurodhabhāvato khīṇāsavattasiddhi. Khīṇāsavatāya hi ācariyamuṭṭhiādīnamabhāvo, visuddhā ca parānuggahappavatti. Iti desakasaṃkilesabhūtānaṃ diṭṭhisīlasampattidūsakānaṃ avijjātaṇhānaṃ abhāvasaṃsūcakehi<a name="M1.0216"></a>, ñāṇappahānasampadābhibyañjanakehi ca sambuddhavisuddhabhāvehi purimavesārajjadvayasiddhi. Tatoyeva ca antarāyikaniyyānikesu sammohābhāvasiddhito pacchimavesārajjadvayasiddhīti bhagavato catuvesārajjasamannāgamo, attahitaparahitapaṭipatti ca nidānavacanena pakāsitā hoti sampattaparisāya ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ ṭhānuppattikapaṭibhānena dhammadesanādīpanato, ‘‘jānatā passatā’’tiādivacanato ca, tena vuttaṃ ‘‘satthusampattipakāsanatthaṃ nidānavacana’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica sāsanasampattipakāsanatthaṃ nidānavacanaṃ. Ñāṇakaruṇāpariggahitasabbakiriyassa hi bhagavato natthi niratthikā pavatti, attahitatthā vā, tasmā paresaṃyeva hitāya pavattasabbakiriyassa sammāsambuddhassa sakalampi kāyavacīmanokammaṃ yathāpavattaṃ vuccamānaṃ diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi yathārahaṃ sattānaṃ anusāsanaṭṭhena sāsanaṃ, na kabbaracanā. Tayidaṃ satthu caritaṃ kāladesadesakavatthuparisāpadesehi saddhiṃ tattha tattha nidānavacanehi yathāsambhavaṃ pakāsīyati. Atha vā satthuno pamāṇabhāvappakāsanena sāsanassa pamāṇabhāvappakāsanatthaṃ nidānavacanaṃ, tañcassa pamāṇabhāvadassanaṃ ‘‘bhagavā’’ti iminā tathāgatassa guṇavisiṭṭhasabbasattuttamabhāvadīpanena ceva ‘‘jānatā passatā’’tiādinā āsayānusayañāṇādipayogadīpanena ca vibhāvitaṃ hoti, idamettha nidānavacanapayojanassa mukhamattanidassanaṃ. Ko hi samattho buddhānubuddhena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitassa nidānassa payojanāni niravasesato vibhāvitunti. Honti cettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Desanāciraṭṭhitatthaṃ, asammosāya bhāsitaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saddhāya cāpi nidānaṃ, vedehena yasassinā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Satthusampattiyā <a name="V1.0189"></a> ceva, sāsanasampadāya ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tassa pamāṇabhāvassa, dassanatthampi bhāsita’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iti sumaṅgalavilāsiniyā dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāya paramasukhumagambhīraduranubodhatthaparidīpanāya suvimalavipulapaññāveyyattiyajananāya ajjavamaddavasoraccasaddhāsatidhitibuddhikhantivīriyādidhammasamaṅginā sāṭṭhakathe piṭakattaye asaṅgāsaṃhīravisāradañāṇacārinā anekappabhedasakasamayasamayantaragahanajjhogāhinā mahāgaṇinā mahāveyyākaraṇena ñāṇābhivaṃsadhammasenāpatināmatherena <a name="M1.0217"></a> mahādhammarājādhirājagarunā katāya sādhuvilāsiniyā nāma līnatthapakāsaniyā abbhantaranidānavaṇṇanāya līnatthapakāsanā.</p>
<p class="centered">Nidānavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para5"></a><span class="paranum">5</span>. Evaṃ abbhantaranidānasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ katvā idāni yathānikkhittassa suttassa saṃvaṇṇanaṃ karonto anupubbāvirodhinī saṃvaṇṇanā kamānatikkamanena byākuladosappahāyinī, viññūnañca cittārādhinī, āgatabhāro ca avassaṃ āvahitabboti saṃvaṇṇakassa sampattabhārāvahanena paṇḍitācārasamatikkamābhāvavibhāvinī, tasmā tadāvikaraṇasādhakaṃ saṃvaṇṇanokāsavicāraṇaṃ kātumāha <span class="bld">‘‘idānī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Nikkhittassā</span>ti desitassa, ‘‘desanā nikkhepo’’ti hi etaṃ atthato bhinnampi sarūpato ekameva, desanāpi hi desetabbassa sīlādiatthassa veneyyasantānesu nikkhipanato ‘‘nikkhepo’’ti vuccati. Nanu suttameva saṃvaṇṇīyatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sā panesā’’</span>tiādi. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – suttanikkhepaṃ vicāretvā vuccamānā saṃvaṇṇanā ‘‘ayaṃ desanā evaṃsamuṭṭhānā’’ti suttassa sammadeva nidānaparijjhānena tabbaṇṇanāya suviññeyyattā pākaṭā hoti, tasmā tadeva sādhāraṇato paṭhamaṃ vicārayissāmāti. Yā hi sā kathā suttatthasaṃvaṇṇanāpākaṭakārinī, sā sabbāpi saṃvaṇṇakena vattabbā. Tadatthavijānanupāyattā ca sā pariyāyena saṃvaṇṇanāyevāti. Idha pana tasmiṃ vicārite yassā aṭṭhuppattiyā idaṃ suttaṃ nikkhittaṃ, tassā vibhāgavasena ‘‘mamaṃ vā bhikkhave’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.5), ‘‘appamattakaṃ kho paneta’’ntiādinā (dī. ni. 1.7), ‘‘atthi bhikkhave’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.28) ca vuttānaṃ suttapadesānaṃ saṃvaṇṇanā vuccamānā taṃtaṃanusandhidassanasukhatāya suviññeyyāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tattha yathā anekasataanekasahassabhedānipi suttantāni saṃkilesabhāgiyādisāsanapaṭṭhānanayena soḷasavidhabhāvaṃ nātivattanti, evaṃ attajjhāsayādi-sutta-nikkhepavasena catubbidhabhāvanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘cattāro suttanikkhepā’’</span>ti. Nanu saṃsaggabhedopi <a name="V1.0190"></a> sambhavati, atha kasmā ‘‘cattāro suttanikkhepā’’ti vuttanti? Saṃsaggabhedassa sabbattha alabbhamānattā. Attajjhāsayassa, hi aṭṭhuppattiyā ca parajjhāsayapucchāvasikehi saddhiṃ saṃsaggabhedo sambhavati. ‘‘Attajjhāsayo <a name="M1.0218"></a> ca parajjhāsayo ca, attajjhāsayo ca pucchāvasiko ca, attajjhāsayo ca parajjhāsayo ca pucchāvasiko ca, aṭṭhuppattiko ca parajjhāsayo ca aṭṭhuppattiko ca pucchāvasiko ca, aṭṭhuppattiko ca parajjhāsayo ca pucchāvasiko cā’’ti ajjhāsayapucchānusandhisabbhāvato. Attajjhāsayaṭṭhuppattīnaṃ pana aññamaññaṃ saṃsaggo natthi, tasmā niravasesaṃ patthāranayena saṃsaggabhedassa alabbhanato evaṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā aṭṭhuppattiyā attajjhāsayenapi siyā saṃsaggabhedo, tadantogadhattā pana saṃsaggavasena vuttānaṃ sesanikkhepānaṃ mūlanikkhepeyeva sandhāya ‘‘cattāro suttanikkhepā’’ti vuttaṃ. Imasmiṃ pana atthavikappe yathārahaṃ ekakadukatikacatukavasena sāsanapaṭṭhānanayena suttanikkhepā vattabbāti nayamattaṃ dassetīti veditabbaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ vacanattho – nikkhipanaṃ kathanaṃ <span class="bld">nikkhepo,</span> suttassa nikkhepo <span class="bld">suttanikkhepo,</span> suttadesanāti attho. Nikkhipīyatīti vā <span class="bld">nikkhepo,</span> suttameva nikkhepo <span class="bld">suttanikkhepo.</span> Attano ajjhāsayo <span class="bld">attajjhāsayo,</span> so assa atthi kāraṇavasenāti <span class="bld">attajjhāsayo,</span> attano ajjhāsayo vā etassa yathāvuttanayenāti <span class="bld">attajjhāsayo.</span> Parajjhāsayepi eseva nayo. Pucchāya vaso <span class="bld">pucchāvaso,</span> so etassa atthi yathāvuttanayenāti <span class="bld">pucchāvasiko.</span> Araṇīyato avagantabbato <span class="bld">attho</span> vuccati suttadesanāya vatthu, tassa uppatti atthuppatti, sā eva <span class="bld">aṭṭhuppatti</span> ttha-kārassa ṭṭha-kāraṃ katvā, sā etassa atthi vuttanayenāti <span class="bld">aṭṭhuppattiko.</span> Apica nikkhipīyati suttametenāti <span class="bld">nikkhepo,</span> attajjhāsayādisuttadesanākāraṇameva. Etasmiṃ pana atthavikappe attano ajjhāsayo <span class="bld">attajjhāsayo.</span> Paresaṃ ajjhāsayo <span class="bld">parajjhāsayo.</span> Pucchīyatīti <span class="bld">pucchā,</span> pucchitabbo attho. Tassā pucchāya vasena pavattaṃ dhammapaṭiggāhakānaṃ vacanaṃ pucchāvasikaṃ. Tadeva nikkhepasaddāpekkhāya pulliṅgavasena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘pucchāvasiko’’</span>ti. Vuttanayena aṭṭhuppattiyeva <span class="bld">aṭṭhuppattiko</span>ti evaṃ attho daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca paresaṃ indriyaparipākādikāraṇaṃ nirapekkhitvā attano ajjhāsayeneva dhammatantiṭhapanatthaṃ pavattitadesanattā attajjhāsayassa visuṃ nikkhepabhāvo yutto. Teneva vakkhati ‘‘attano ajjhāsayeneva <a name="M1.0219"></a> kathetī’’ti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.5). Parajjhāsayapucchāvasikānaṃ pana paresaṃ ajjhāsayapucchānaṃ desanānimittabhūtānaṃ uppattiyaṃ pavattattā kathaṃ aṭṭhuppattike anavarodho siyā, pucchāvasikaṭṭhuppattikānaṃ vā parajjhāsayānurodhena pavattitadesanattā kathaṃ parajjhāsaye <a name="V1.0191"></a> anavarodho siyāti na codetabbametaṃ. Paresañhi abhinīhāraparipucchādivinimuttasseva suttadesanākāraṇuppādassa aṭṭhuppattivasena gahitattā parajjhāsayapucchāvasikānaṃ visuṃ gahaṇaṃ. Tathā hi <span class="bld">dhammadāyādasuttādīnaṃ</span> (ma. ni. 1.29) āmisuppādādidesanānimittaṃ ‘‘aṭṭhuppattī’’ti vuccati. Paresaṃ pucchaṃ vinā ajjhāsayameva nimittaṃ katvā desito <span class="bld">parajjhāsayo.</span> Pucchāvasena desito <span class="bld">pucchāvasiko</span>ti pākaṭovāyamattho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anajjhiṭṭho</span>ti pucchādinā anajjhesito ayācito, <span class="bld">attano ajjhāsayeneva katheti</span> dhammatantiṭhapanatthanti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Hāro</span>ti āvaḷi yathā ‘‘muttāhāro’’ti, sveva hārako, sammappadhānasuttantānaṃ hārako tathā. Anupubbena hi saṃyuttake niddiṭṭhānaṃ sammappadhānapaṭisaṃyuttānaṃ suttantānaṃ āvaḷi <span class="bld">‘‘sammappadhānasuttantahārako’’</span>ti vuccati, tathā <span class="bld">iddhipādahārakādi. Iddhipādaindriyabalabojjhaṅgamaggaṅgasuttantahārako</span>ti pubbapadesu parapadalopo, dvandagabbhasamāso vā eso, peyyālaniddeso vā. <span class="bld">Tesa</span>nti yathāvuttasuttānaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paripakkā</span>ti pariṇatā. <span class="bld">Vimuttiparipācanīyā</span>ti arahattaphalaṃ paripācentā saddhindriyādayo dhammā. <span class="bld">Khaye</span>ti khayanatthaṃ, khayakāraṇabhūtāya vā dhammadesanāya. <span class="bld">Ajjhāsaya</span>nti adhimuttiṃ. <span class="bld">Khanti</span>nti diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiṃ. <span class="bld">Mana</span>nti cittaṃ. <span class="bld">Abhinīhāra</span>nti paṇidhānaṃ. <span class="bld">Bujjhanabhāva</span>nti bujjhanasabhāvaṃ, bujjhanākāraṃ vā. <span class="bld">Avekkhitvā</span>ti paccavekkhitvā, apekkhitvā vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cattāro vaṇṇā</span>ti cattāri kulāni, cattāro vā rūpādipamāṇā sattā. <span class="bld">Mahārājāno</span>ti cattāro mahārājāno <span class="bld">devā</span>. Vuccanti kiṃ, pañcupādānakkhandhā kinti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘aṭṭhuppattiyaṃ hī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Vaṇṇāvaṇṇe</span>ti nimitte bhummaṃ, vaṇṇasaddena cettha ‘‘acchariyaṃ āvuso’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.4) bhikkhusaṅghena vuttopi vaṇṇo saṅgahito. Tampi hi aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā ‘‘atthi bhikkhave aññe <a name="M1.0220"></a> dhammā’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.28) upari desanaṃ ārabhissati. Tadeva vivarati <span class="bld">‘‘ācariyo’’</span>tiādinā. ‘‘Mamaṃ vā bhikkhave, pare vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyu’’nti imissā desanāya brahmadattena vuttaṃ vaṇṇaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā desitattā āha <span class="bld">‘‘antevāsī vaṇṇa’’</span>nti. Idāni pāḷiyā sambandhaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘itī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Desanākusalo</span>ti ‘‘imissā aṭṭhuppattiyā ayaṃ desanā sambhavatī’’ti desanāya kusalo, etena pakaraṇānuguṇaṃ bhagavato thomanamakāsi. Esā hi saṃvaṇṇanakānaṃ pakati, yadidaṃ tattha tattha pakaraṇādhigataguṇena bhagavato thomanā. <span class="bld">Vā</span>-saddo cettha upamānasamuccayasaṃsayavacanavossaggapadapūraṇasadisavikappādīsu <a name="V1.0192"></a> bahūsvatthesu dissati. Tathā hesa ‘‘paṇḍitovāpi tena so’’tiādīsu upamāne dissati, sadisabhāveti attho. ‘‘Taṃ vāpi dhīrā muniṃ pavedayantī’’tiādīsu (su. ni.213) samuccaye. ‘‘Ke vā ime kassa vā’’tiādīsu (pārā. 296) saṃsaye. ‘‘Ayaṃ vā (ayañca) (dī. ni. 1.181) imesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ sabbabālo sabbamūḷho’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.181) vacanavossagge. ‘‘Na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 2.154) padapūraṇe. ‘‘Madhuṃ vā maññati bālo, yāva pāpaṃ na paccatī’’tiādīsu (dha. pa. 69) sadise. ‘‘Ye hi keci bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.170; saṃ. ni. 5.1092) vikappe. Idhāpi vikappeyeva. Mama vā dhammassa vā saṅghassa vāti vividhā visuṃ vikappanassa jotakattāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘vā-saddo vikappanattho’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Para</span>-saddo pana attheva aññattho ‘‘ahañceva kho pana dhammaṃ deseyyaṃ, pare ca me na ājāneyyu’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.64; ma. ni. 1.281; 2.337; mahāva. 7, 8) atthi adhikattho ‘‘indriyaparopariyatta’’ntiādīsu (vibha. 814; a. ni. 10.21; ma. ni. 1.148; paṭi. ma. 1.68; 1.111) atthi pacchābhāgattho ‘‘parato āgamissatī’’tiādīsu. Atthi paccanīkattho ‘‘uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.168; saṃ. ni. 5.822; a. ni. 8.70; udā. 51) idhāpi paccanīkatthoti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘paṭiviruddhā sattā’’</span>ti iminā. Sāsanassa paccanīkabhūtā paccatthikā sattāti attho. Ta-saddo pareti vuttamatthaṃ avaṇṇabhāsanakiriyāvisiṭṭhaṃ parāmasatīti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ye avaṇṇaṃ vadanti, tesū’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu <a name="M1.0221"></a> tesaṃ āghāto natthi guṇamahattattā, atha kasmā evaṃ vuttanti codanālesaṃ dassetvā tadapaneti <span class="bld">‘‘kiñcāpī’’</span>tiādinā. Kiñcāpi natthi, atha kho tathāpīti attho. <span class="bld">Īdisesupī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">pi</span>-saddo sambhāvanattho, tena ratanattayanimittampi akusalacittaṃ na uppādetabbaṃ, pageva vaṭṭāmisalokāmisanimittanti sambhāveti. Pariyattidhammoyeva saddhammanayanaṭṭhena nettīti <span class="bld">dhammanetti. Āhanatī</span>ti ābhuso ghaṭṭeti, hiṃsati vā, vibādhati, upatāpeti cāti attho. Katthaci ‘‘etthā’’ti pāṭho dissati, so pacchālikhito porāṇapāṭhānugatāya ṭīkāya virodhattā, atthayuttiyā ca abhāvato. Yadipi domanassādayo ca āhananti, kopeyeva panāyaṃ niruḷhoti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘kopassetaṃ adhivacana’’</span>nti iminā. Avayavatthañhi dassetvā tattha pariyāyena atthaṃ dassento evamāha. <span class="bld">Adhivacana</span>nti ca adhikicca pavattaṃ vacanaṃ, pasiddhaṃ vā vacanaṃ, nāmanti attho. Evamitaresupi. Ettha ca sabhāvadhammato aññassa kattuabhāvajotanatthaṃ ‘‘āhanatī’’ti <a name="V1.0193"></a> kattutthe āghātasaddaṃ dasseti. Āhanati etena, āhananamattaṃ vā <span class="bld">āghāto</span>ti karaṇabhāvatthāpi sambhavantiyeva. <span class="bld">‘‘Appatītā’’</span>ti etassattho <span class="bld">‘‘atuṭṭhā asomanassikā’’</span>ti vutto, idaṃ pana pākaṭapariyāyena apaccayasaddassa nibbacanadassanaṃ, tammukhena pana na pacceti tenāti <span class="bld">appaccayo</span>ti kātabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Abhirādhayatī</span>ti sādhayati. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti etesu tīsu padesu. <span class="bld">Dvīhī</span>ti āghātaanabhiraddhipadehi. <span class="bld">Ekenā</span>ti apaccayapadena. Ettakesu gahitesu taṃsampayuttā aggahitā siyuṃ, na ca sakkā tepi aggahituṃ ekuppādādisabhāvattāti codanaṃ visodhetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tesa’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ, <span class="bld">tesa</span>nti yathāvuttānaṃ saṅkhārakkhandhavedanākkhandhekadesānaṃ. <span class="bld">Sesāna</span>nti saññāviññāṇāvasiṭṭhasaṅkhārakkhandhekadesānaṃ. <span class="bld">Karaṇa</span>nti uppādanaṃ. Āghātādīnañhi pavattiyā paccayasamavāyanaṃ idha ‘‘karaṇa’’nti vuttaṃ, taṃ pana atthato uppādanameva. Tadanuppādanañhi sandhāya pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘na karaṇīyā’’ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Paṭikkhittameva</span> yathārahaṃ ekuppādanirodhārammaṇavatthubhāvato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tasmiṃ manopadose. <span class="bld">‘‘Tesu avaṇṇabhāsakesū’’</span>ti iminā ādhāratthe bhummaṃ dasseti. Nimittatthe, bhāvalakkhaṇe vā etaṃ bhummanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tasmiṃ vā avaṇṇe’’</span>ti. Na hi aguṇo, nindā vā kopadomanassānaṃ ādhāro sambhavati tabbhāsakāyattattā tesaṃ. <span class="bld">Assathā</span>ti <a name="M1.0222"></a> sattamiyā rūpaṃ ce-saddayogena parikappanavisayattāti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘bhaveyyāthā’’</span>ti iminā. ‘‘Bhaveyyātha ce, yadi bhaveyyāthā’ti ca vadanto ‘yathākkamaṃ pubbāparayogino ete saddā’ti ñāpetī’’ti vadanti. <span class="bld">‘‘Kupitā kopena anattamanā domanassenā’’</span>ti iminā ‘‘evaṃ paṭhamena nayenā’’tiādinā vuttavacanaṃ atthantarābhāvadassanena samattheti. <span class="bld">‘‘Tumhāka’’</span>nti iminā samānattho <span class="bld">‘‘tumha’’</span>nti eko saddo ‘‘amhāka’’nti iminā samānattho ‘‘amha’’nti saddo viya yathā ‘‘tasmā hi amhaṃ daharā na mīyare’’ti (jā. 1.93) āha <span class="bld">‘‘tumhākaṃyevā’’</span>ti. Atthavasā liṅgavipariyāyoti katvā <span class="bld">‘‘tāya ca anattamanatāyā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Antarāyo’’ti vutte samaṇadhammavisesānanti atthassa pakaraṇato viññāyamānattā, viññāyamānatthassa ca saddassa payoge kāmacārattā <span class="bld">‘‘paṭhamajjhānādīnaṃ antarāyo’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Ettha ca <span class="bld">‘‘antarāyo’’</span>ti idaṃ manopadosassa akaraṇīyatāya kāraṇavacanaṃ. Yasmā tumhākameva tena kopādinā paṭhamajjhānādīnamantarāyo bhaveyya, tasmā te kopādipariyāyena vuttā āghātādayo na karaṇīyāti adhippāyo, tena ‘‘nāhaṃ sabbaññū’’ti issarabhāvena tumhe tato nivāremi, atha kho imināva kāraṇenāti dasseti. Taṃ pana kāraṇavacanaṃ yasmā ādīnavavibhāvanaṃ hoti, tasmā ‘‘ādīnavaṃ dassento’’ti heṭṭhā vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So <a name="V1.0194"></a> pana manopadoso na kevalaṃ kālantarabhāvinoyeva hitasukhassa antarāyakaro, atha kho taṅkhaṇapavattanārahassapi hitasukhassa antarāyakaroti manopadose ādīnavaṃ daḷhataraṃ katvā dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘api nū’’</span>tiādimāhātipi sambandho vattabbo. <span class="bld">Paresa</span>nti ye attato aññe, tesanti attho, na pana ‘‘pare avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyu’’ntiādīsu viya paṭiviruddhasattānanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yesaṃ kesañcī’’</span>ti. Tadevatthaṃ samattheti <span class="bld">‘‘kupito hī’’</span>tiādinā. Pāḷiyaṃ subhāsitadubbhāsitavacanajānanampi tadatthajānaneneva siddhanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘subhāsitadubbhāsitassa attha’’</span>nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Andhaṃtama</span>nti andhabhāvakaraṃ tamaṃ, ativiya vā tamaṃ. Yaṃ naraṃ sahate abhibhavati, tassa andhatamanti sambandho. <span class="bld">Ya</span>nti vā bhummatthe paccattavacanaṃ, yasmiṃ kāle sahate, tadā andhatamaṃ hotīti attho<a name="M1.0223"></a>, kāraṇaniddeso vā, yena kāraṇena sahate, tena andhatamanti. Evaṃ sati yaṃtaṃ-saddānaṃ niccasambandhattā ‘‘yadā’’ti ajjhāharitabbaṃ. Kiriyāparāmasanaṃ vā etaṃ, ‘‘kodho sahate’’ti yadetaṃ kodhassa abhibhavanaṃ vuttaṃ, etaṃ andhatamanti. Tato ca kuddho atthaṃ na jānāti, kuddho dhammaṃ na passatīti yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Atthaṃ dhamma</span>nti pāḷiatthaṃ, pāḷidhammañca. <span class="bld">Cittappakopano</span>ti cittassa pakatibhāvavijahanena padūsako. <span class="bld">Antarato</span>ti abbhantarato, cittato vā kodhavasena bhayaṃ jātaṃ. Nti tathāsabhāvaṃ kodhaṃ, kodhassa vā anatthajananādippakāraṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sabbatthāpī</span>ti sabbesupi paṭhamadutiyatatiyanayesu. ‘‘Avaṇṇe paṭipajjitabbākāra’’nti adhikāro. Avaṇṇabhāsakānamavisayattā <span class="bld">‘‘tatrā’’</span>ti padassa tasmiṃ avaṇṇeti atthova dassito. <span class="bld">Abhūta</span>nti kattubhūtaṃ vacanaṃ, yaṃ vacanaṃ abhūtaṃ hotīti attho. <span class="bld">Abhūtato</span>ti pana abhūtatākiriyāva bhāvappadhānattā, bhāvalopattā cāti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘abhūtabhāvenevā’’</span>ti iminā. ‘‘Itipeta’’ntiādi nibbeṭhanākāranidassananti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘katha’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Tatrā</span>ti tasmiṃ vacane. <span class="bld">Yojanā</span>ti adhippāyapayojanā. <span class="bld">Tuṇhī</span>ti abhāsanatthe nipāto, bhāvanapuṃsako cesa. ‘‘Itipetaṃ abhūta’’nti vatvā <span class="bld">‘‘yaṃ tumhehī’’</span>tiādinā tadatthaṃ vivarati. <span class="bld">Imināpī</span>ti <span class="bld">pi</span>-saddena anekavidhaṃ kāraṇaṃ sampiṇḍeti. Kāraṇasarūpamāha <span class="bld">‘‘sabbaññuyevā’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Eva</span>-saddo tīsupi padesu yojetabbo, sabbaññubhāvato na asabbaññū, svākkhātattā na durakkhāto, suppaṭipannattā na duppaṭipannoti imināpi kāraṇena nibbeṭhetabbanti vuttaṃ hoti. ‘‘Kasmā pana sabbaññū’’tiādipaṭicodanāyapi taṃkāraṇadassanena nibbeṭhetabbamevāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tatra idañcidañca kāraṇa’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Tatrā</span>ti tesu sabbaññutādīsu. <span class="bld">Idañca idañca kāraṇa</span>nti anekavidhena kāraṇānukāraṇaṃ dassetvā ‘‘na sabbaññū’’tiādivacanaṃ nibbeṭhetabbanti attho. Tatridaṃ kāraṇaṃ <a name="V1.0195"></a> – sabbaññū eva amhākaṃ satthā aviparītadhammadesanattā. Svākkhāto eva dhammo ekantaniyyānikattā. Suppaṭipanno eva saṅgho saṃkilesarahitattāti. Kāraṇānukāraṇadassanampettha asabbaññutādivacana-nibbeṭhanameva tathādassanassa tesampi kāraṇabhāvatoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Kāraṇakāraṇampi hi ‘‘kāraṇa’’ntveva vuccati, patiṭṭhānapatiṭṭhānampi ‘‘patiṭṭhāna’’ntveva yathā ‘‘tiṇehi bhattaṃ <a name="M1.0224"></a> siniddhaṃ, pāsāde dhammamajjhāyatī’’ti. <span class="bld">Dutiyaṃ pada</span>nti ‘‘ataccha’’nti padaṃ. <span class="bld">Paṭhamassa padassā</span>ti ‘‘abhūta’’nti padassa. <span class="bld">Catuttha</span>nti ‘‘na ca panetaṃ amhesu saṃvijjatī’’ti padaṃ. <span class="bld">Tatiyassā</span>ti ‘‘natthi cetaṃ amhesū’’ti padassa. Vividhamekattheyeva pavattaṃ vacanaṃ vivacanaṃ, tadeva <span class="bld">vevacanaṃ, vacana</span>nti vā attho saddena vacanīyattā ‘‘bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, bhagavāti vacanamuttama’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1 ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1; a. ni. 1.rūpādivaggavaṇṇanā; pārā. aṭṭha. 1.1) viya. Nānāsabhāvato vigataṃ vacanaṃ yassāti <span class="bld">vevacanaṃ</span> vuttanayena, pariyāyavacananti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāha – kasmā panettha pariyāyavacanaṃ vuttaṃ, nanu ekekapadavaseneva adhippeto attho siddho, evaṃ siddhe sati kimete tena pariyāyavacanena. Tadetañhi ganthagāravādianekadosakaraṃ, yadi ca taṃ vattabbaṃ siyā, tadeva vuttaṃ assa, na tadaññanti? Vuccate – desanākāle, hi āyatiñca kassaci kathañci tadatthapaṭivedhanatthaṃ pariyāyavacanaṃ vuttaṃ. Desanāpaṭiggāhakesu hi yo tesaṃ pariyāyavacanānaṃ yaṃ pubbe saṅketaṃ karoti ‘‘idamimassatthassa vacana’’nti, tassa teneva tadatthapaṭivedho hoti. Apica tasmiṃ khaṇe vikkhittacittānaṃ aññavihitānaṃ vipariyāyānaṃ aññena pariyāyena tadatthāvabodhanatthampi pariyāyavacanaṃ vuttaṃ. Yañhi ye na suṇanti, tapparihāyanavasena tesaṃ sabbathā paripuṇṇassa yathāvuttassa atthassa anavabodho siyā, pariyāyavacane pana vutte tabbasena paripuṇṇamatthāvabodho hoti. Atha vā mandabuddhīnaṃ punappunaṃ tadatthalakkhaṇena asammohanatthaṃ pariyāyavacanaṃ vuttaṃ. Mandabuddhīnañhi ekeneva padena ekatthassa sallakkhaṇena sammoho hoti, anekena pariyāyena pana ekatthassa sallakkhaṇena tathāsammoho na hoti anekappavattinimittena ekattheyeva pavattasaddena yathādhippetassa atthassa nicchitattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo nayo – ‘‘anekepi atthā samānabyañjanā hontī’’ti yā atthantaraparikappanā siyā, tassā parivajjanatthampi pariyāyavacanaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Anekesampi hi atthānaṃ ekapadavacanīyatāvasena samānabyañjanattā yathāvuttassa padassa ‘‘ayamattho nu kho adhippeto, udāhu ayamatthovā’’ti pavattaṃ sotūnamatthantaraparikappanaṃ vevacanaṃ aññamaññaṃ bhedakavasena parivajjeti. Vuttañca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nekatthavuttiyā <a name="V1.0196"></a><a name="M1.0225"></a> saddo, na visesatthañāpako;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pariyāyena yutto tu, pariyāyo ca bhedako’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo nayo – anaññassāpi pariyāyavacanassa vacane anekāhi tāhi tāhi nāmapaññattīhi tesaṃ tesaṃ atthānaṃ paññāpanatthampi pariyāyavacanaṃ vattabbaṃ hoti. Tathā hi pariyāyavacane vutte ‘‘imassatthassa idamidampi nāma’’nti sotūnaṃ anekadhā nāmapaññattivijānanaṃ. Tato ca taṃtaṃpaññattikosallaṃ hoti seyyathāpi nighaṇṭusatthe paricayataṃ. Apica dhammakathikānaṃ tantiatthupanibandhanaparāvabodhanānaṃ sukhasiddhiyāpi pariyāyavacanaṃ. Tabbacanena hi dhammadesakānaṃ tantiatthassa attano citte upanibandhanena ṭhapanena paresaṃ sotūnamavabodhanaṃ sukhasiddhaṃ hoti. Atha vā sammāsambuddhassa attano dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāsampattiyā vibhāvanatthaṃ, veneyyānañca tattha bījavāpanatthaṃ pariyāyavacanaṃ bhagavā niddisati. Tadasampattikassa hi tathāvacanaṃ na sambhavati. Tena ca pariyāyavacanena yathāsutena tassaṃ dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāsampattiyaṃ tapparicaraṇena, tadaññasucaritasamupabrūhanena ca puññasaṅkhātassa bījassa vapanaṃ sambhavati. Ko hi īdisāya sampattiyā viññāyamānāya tadetaṃ nābhipattheyyāti, kiṃ vā bahunā. Yassā dhammadhātuyā suppaṭividdhattā sammāsambuddho yathā sabbasmiṃ atthe appaṭihatañāṇacāro, tathā sabbasmiṃ saddavohāreti ekampi atthaṃ anekehi pariyāyehi bodheti, natthi tattha dandhāyitattaṃ vitthāritattaṃ, nāpi dhammadesanāya hāni, āveṇiko cāyaṃ buddhadhammo. Sabbaññutaññāṇassa hi suppaṭividitabhāvena paṭisambhidāñāṇehi viya tenapi ñāṇena atthe, dhamme, niruttiyā ca appaṭihatavuttitāya buddhalīḷāya ekampi atthaṃ anekehi pariyāyehi bodheti, na pana tasmiṃ saddavohāre, tathābodhane vā mandabhāvo sammābodhanassa sādhanattā, na ca tena atthassa vitthārabhāvo ekassevatthassa desetabbassa subbijānanakāraṇattā, nāpi tabbacanena dhammadesanāhāni tassa desanāsampattibhāvato. Tasmā sātthakaṃ pariyāyavacanaṃ, na cāpi taṃ ganthagāravādianekadosakaranti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Yaṃ panetaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘yadi ca taṃ vattabbaṃ siyā, tadeva vuttaṃ assa, na tadañña’’nti, tampi na yuttaṃ payojanantarasambhavato. Tadeva hi avatvā tadaññassa vacanena desanākkhaṇe samāhitacittānampi sammadeva paṭiggaṇhantānaṃ taṃtaṃpadantogadhapavattinimittamārabbha <a name="M1.0226"></a> tadatthādhigamo hoti, itarathā tasmiṃyeva pade punappunaṃ vutte tesaṃ tadatthānadhigatatā siyāti. Honti cettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yena kenaci atthassa, bodhāya aññasaddato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vikkhittakamanānampi, pariyāyakathā katā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Mandānañca <a name="V1.0197"></a> amūḷhatthaṃ, atthantaranisedhayā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Taṃtaṃnāmaniruḷhatthaṃ, pariyāyakathā katā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Desakānaṃ sukaratthaṃ, tantiatthāvabodhane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dhammaniruttibodhatthaṃ, pariyāyakathā katā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Veneyyānaṃ tattha bījavāpanatthañca attano;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dhammadhātuyā līḷāya, pariyāyakathā katā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tadeva tu avatvāna, tadaññehi pabodhanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sammāpaṭiggaṇhantānaṃ, atthādhigamāya kata’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ pana nibbeṭhanaṃ īdiseyeva, na sabbattha kātabbanti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘idañcā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">avaṇṇeyevā</span>ti kāraṇapatirūpaṃ vatvā, avatvā vā dosapatiṭṭhāpanavasena nindāya eva. <span class="bld">Na sabbatthā</span>ti na kevalaṃ akkosanakhuṃsanavambhanādīsu sabbattha nibbeṭhanaṃ kātabbanti attho. Tadevatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yadi hī’’</span>tiādinā pākaṭaṃ karoti. ‘‘Sāsaṅkanīyo hotī’’ti vuttaṃ tathānibbeṭhetabbatāya kāraṇameva <span class="bld">‘‘tasmā’’</span>ti paṭiniddisati. <span class="bld">‘‘Oṭṭhosī’’</span>tiādi ‘‘na sabbatthā’’ti etassa vivaraṇaṃ. Jātināmagottakammasippaābādha liṅga kilesa āpatti akkosanasaṅkhātehi <span class="bld">dasahi akkosavatthūhi.</span> Adhivāsanameva khanti, na diṭṭhinijjhānakkhamanādayoti <span class="bld">adhivāsanakhanti.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para6"></a><span class="paranum">6</span>. Evaṃ avaṇṇabhūmiyā saṃvaṇṇanaṃ katvā idāni vaṇṇabhūmiyāpi saṃvaṇṇanaṃ kātumāha <span class="bld">‘‘eva’’</span>ntiādi. Tattha <span class="bld">avaṇṇabhūmiya</span>nti avaṇṇappakāsanaṭṭhāne. <span class="bld">Tādilakkhaṇa</span>nti ettha ‘‘pañcahākārehi tādī iṭṭhāniṭṭhe tādī, cattāvīti tādī, tiṇṇāvīti tādī, muttāvīti tādī, taṃniddesā tādī’’ti (mahāni. 38) niddesanayena pañcasu atthesu idha paṭhamenatthena tādī. Tatrāyaṃ niddeso –</p>
<p class="unindented">Kathaṃ arahā iṭṭhāniṭṭhe tādī, arahā lābhepi tādī, alābhepi tādī, yasepi, ayasepi, pasaṃsāyapi, nindāyapi, sukhepi<a name="M1.0227"></a>, dukkhepi tādī, ekañce bāhaṃ gandhena limpeyyuṃ, ekañce bāhaṃ vāsiyā taccheyyuṃ, amusmiṃ natthi rāgo, amusmiṃ natthi paṭigho<a name="V1.0198"></a>, anunayapaṭighavippahīno ugghāṭinigghāṭivītivatto, anurodhavirodhasamatikkanto, evaṃ arahā iṭṭhāniṭṭhe tādīti (mahāni. 38).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vacanattho pana tamiva dissatīti <span class="bld">tādī,</span> iṭṭhamiva aniṭṭhampi passatīti attho. Tassa lakkhaṇaṃ <span class="bld">tādilakkhaṇaṃ,</span> iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu samapekkhanasabhāvo. Atha vā tamiva dissate <span class="bld">tādī,</span> so eva sabhāvo, tadeva lakkhaṇaṃ <span class="bld">tādilakkhaṇa</span>nti. Vaṇṇabhūmiyaṃ tādilakkhaṇaṃ dassetunti sambandho. <span class="bld">Para</span>-saddo aññattheti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ye kecī’’</span>tiādi. Ānandanti bhusaṃ pamodanti taṃsamaṅgino sattā etenāti ānandasaddassa karaṇatthataṃ dasseti. Sobhanamano <span class="bld">sumano,</span> cittaṃ, sobhanaṃ vā mano yassāti <span class="bld">sumano,</span> taṃsamaṅgīpuggalo. Nanu ca cittavācakabhāve sati cetasikasukhassa bhāvatthatā yuttā, puggalavācakabhāve pana cittameva bhāvattho siyā, na cetasikasukhaṃ, sumanasaddassa dabbanimittaṃ pati pavattattā yathā ‘‘daṇḍittaṃ sikhitta’’ntiādīti? Saccametaṃ dabbe apekkhite, idha pana tadanapekkhitvā tena dabbena yuttaṃ mūlanimittabhūtaṃ cetasikasukhameva apekkhitvā sumanasaddo pavatto, tasmā etthāpi cetasikasukhameva bhāvattho sambhavati, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘cetasikasukhassetaṃ adhivacana’’</span>nti. Etena hi vacanena tadaññacetasikānampi cittapaṭibaddhattā, cittakiriyattā ca yathāsambhavaṃ somanassabhāvo āpajjatīti codanaṃ nāpajjateva ruḷhisaddattā tassa yathā ‘‘paṅkaja’’nti pariharati. Ubbilayatīti ubbilaṃ, bhindati purimāvatthāya visesaṃ āpajjatīti attho. Tadeva <span class="bld">ubbilāvitaṃ</span> paccayantarāgamādivasena. Uddhaṃ palavatīti vā <span class="bld">ubbilāvitaṃ</span> akārānaṃ ikāraṃ, ākārañca katvā, cittameva ‘‘cetaso’’ti vuttattā. Taddhite pana siddhe taṃ abyatirittaṃ tasmiṃ pade vacanīyassa sāmaññabhāvato, tassa vā saddassa nāmapadattā, tasmā kassāti sambandhīvisesānuyoge ‘‘cetaso’’ti vuttanti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kassā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Esa nayo īdisesu. Yāya uppannāya kāyacittaṃ vātapūritabhastā viya uddhumāyanākārappattaṃ hoti tassā gehasitāya odagyapītiyā etaṃ adhivacananti sarūpaṃ dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘uddhaccāvahāyā’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Uddhaccāvahāyā</span>ti uddhatabhāvāvahāya. Uppilāpeti <a name="M1.0228"></a> cittaṃ uppilāvitaṃ karotīti <span class="bld">ubbilāpanā,</span> sā eva pīti, tassā. Khandhavasena dhammavisesattaṃ āha <span class="bld">‘‘idhāpī’’</span>tiādinā. Avaṇṇabhūmimapekkhāya api-saddo ‘‘ayampi pārājiko’’tiādīsu (pārā. 1.89, 91, 167, 171, 195, 197) viya, idha ca kiñcāpi tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ubbilāvitameva natthi, atha kho āyatiṃ kulaputtānaṃ edisesupi ṭhānesu akusaluppattiṃ paṭisedhento dhammanettiṃ ṭhapetīti. <span class="bld">Dvīhi padehi saṅkhārakkhandho, ekena vedanākkhandho vutto</span>ti etthāpi ‘‘tesaṃ vasena sesānaṃ sampayuttadhammānaṃ karaṇaṃ paṭikkhittamevā’’ti ca aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttanayena sakkā viññātunti <a name="V1.0199"></a> na vuttaṃ. ‘‘Pi-saddo sambhāvanattho’’tiādinā vuttanayena cettha attho yathāsambhavaṃ veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tumhaṃyevassa tena antarāyo</span>ti etthāpi <span class="bld">‘‘antarāyo’’</span>ti idaṃ ‘‘ubbilāvitattassa akaraṇīyatākāraṇavacana’’tiādinā heṭṭhā avaṇṇapakkhe amhehi vuttanayānusārena attho daṭṭhabbo. Ettha ca ‘‘ānandino ubbilāvitā’’ti dīpitaṃ pītimeva gahetvā <span class="bld">‘‘tena ubbilāvitattenā’’</span>ti vacanaṃ somanassarahitāya pītiyā abhāvato tabbacaneneva ‘‘sumanā’’ti dīpitaṃ somanassampi siddhamevāti katvā vuttaṃ. Atha vā somanassassa antarāyakaratā pākaṭā, na tathā pītiyāti evaṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Kasmā paneta</span>nti yathāvuttaṃ atthaṃ avibhāgato manasi katvā codeti. Ācariyo <span class="bld">‘‘sacca’’</span>nti tamatthaṃ paṭijānitvā <span class="bld">‘‘taṃ panā’’</span>tiādinā vibhajjabyākaraṇavasena pariharati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">eta</span>nti ānandādīnamakaraṇīyatāvacanaṃ, nanu bhagavatā vaṇṇitanti sambandho. <span class="bld">Buddhoti kittayantassā</span>ti ‘‘buddho’’ti vacanaṃ guṇānussaraṇavasena kathentassa sādhujanassa. <span class="bld">Kasiṇenā</span>ti kasiṇatāya sakalabhāvena. <span class="bld">Jambudīpassā</span>ti cetassa avayavabhāvena sambandhīvacanaṃ. Apare pana <span class="bld">‘‘jambudīpassā</span>ti karaṇavacanatthe sāmivacana’’ti vadanti, tesaṃ matena kasiṇajambudīpasaddānaṃ samānādhikaraṇabhāvo daṭṭhabbo, karaṇavacanañca nissakkatthe. Pageva ekadesato panāti <span class="bld">api</span>-saddo sambhāvane. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena cettha –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Mā soci udāyi, ānando avītarāgo kālaṃ kareyya, tena cittappasādena sattakkhattuṃ devarajjaṃ kāreyya, sattakkhattuṃ <a name="M1.0229"></a> imasmiṃyeva jambudīpe mahārajjaṃ kāreyya, apica udāyi ānando diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyissatī’’tiādisuttaṃ (a. ni. 3.81) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Saṅgahitaṃ. Nti suttantare vuttaṃ pītisomanassaṃ. <span class="bld">Nekkhammassita</span>nti kāmato nikkhamane kusaladhamme nissitaṃ. <span class="bld">Idhā</span>ti imasmiṃ sutte. <span class="bld">Gehassita</span>nti gehavāsīnaṃ samudāciṇṇato gehasaṅkhāte kāmaguṇe nissitaṃ. Kasmā tadevidhādhippetanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘idañhī’’</span>tiādi. ‘‘Āyasmato channassa uppannasadisa’’nti vuttamatthaṃ pākaṭaṃ kātuṃ, samatthetuṃ vā <span class="bld">‘‘tenevā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Visesaṃ nibbattetuṃ nāsakkhi</span> bhagavati, dhamme ca pavattagehassitapematāya. <span class="bld">Parinibbānakāle</span>ti parinibbānāsannakāle bhagavatā paññattena tajjitoti vā sambandho. <span class="bld">Parinibbānakāle</span>ti <a name="V1.0200"></a> vā bhagavato parinibbutakāle saṅghena tajjito nibbattetīti vā sambandho. <span class="bld">Brahmadaṇḍenā</span>ti ‘‘bhikkhūhi itthannāmo neva vattabbo, na ovaditabbo, nānusāsitabbo’’ti (cūḷava. 445) katena brahmadaṇḍena. <span class="bld">Tajjito</span>ti saṃvejito. <span class="bld">Tasmā</span>ti yasmā gehassitapītisomanassaṃ jhānādīnaṃ antarāyakaraṃ, tasmā. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā <span class="bld">sakkapañhasutte</span> ‘‘somanassaṃpāhaṃ devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi asevitabbampī’’ti (dī. ni. 2.359).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Ayañhī’’</span>tiādinā tadevatthaṃ kāraṇato samattheti. Rāgasahitattā hi sā antarāyakarāti. Ettha pana ‘‘idañhi rāgasañhitaṃ pītisomanassa’’nti vattabbaṃ siyā, tathāpi pītiggahaṇena somanassampi gahitameva hoti somanassarahitāya pītiyā abhāvatoti heṭṭhā vuttanayena pītiyeva gahitā. Apica sevitabbāsevitabbavibhāgassa sutte vacanato somanassassa pākaṭo antarāyakarabhāvo, na tathā pītiyāti sāyeva rāgasahitatthena visesetvā vuttā. Avaṇṇabhūmiyā saddhiṃ sambandhitvā pākaṭaṃ kātuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘lobho cā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Kodhasadisovā</span>ti avaṇṇabhūmiyaṃ vuttakodhasadiso eva. <span class="bld">‘‘Luddho’’</span>tiādigāthānaṃ ‘‘kuddho’’tiādigāthāsu vuttanayena attho daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Mamaṃ vā bhikkhave pare vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, dhammassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, saṅghassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, tatra ce tumhe assatha ānandino sumanā ubbilāvitā<a name="M1.0230"></a>, api nu tumhe paresaṃ subhāsitadubbhāsitaṃ ājāneyyāthāti? No hetaṃ bhante’’ti ayaṃ tatiyavāro nāma avaṇṇabhūmiyaṃ vuttanayavasena tatiyavāraṭṭhāne nīharitabbattā, so desanākāle tena vārena bodhetabbapuggalābhāvato desanāya <span class="bld">anāgatopi</span> tadatthasambhavato <span class="bld">atthato āgatoyeva. </span> Yathā taṃ vitthāravasena kathāvatthuppakaraṇanti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tatiyavāro panā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ, etena saṃvaṇṇanākāle tathābujjhanakasattānaṃ vasena so vāro ānetvā saṃvaṇṇetabboti dasseti. <span class="bld">‘‘Yatheva hī’’</span>tiādinā tadevatthasambhavaṃ vibhāveti. Kuddho atthaṃ na jānāti yathevāti sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paṭipajjitabbākāradassanavāre</span>ti yathāvuttaṃ tatiyavāraṃ upādāya vattabbe catutthavāre. ‘‘Tumhākaṃ satthā’’ti vacanato pabhuti yāva ‘‘imināpi kāraṇena taccha’’nti vacanaṃ, tāva yojanā. <span class="bld">‘‘So hi bhagavā’’</span>tiādi tabbivaraṇaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">itipī</span>ti imināpi kāraṇena. Vitthāro visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 123 ādayo) ‘‘anāpatti upasampannassa bhūtaṃ ārocetī’’ti <a name="V1.0201"></a> (pāci. 77) vuttepi sabhāgānameva ārocanaṃ yuttanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sabhāgānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃyeva paṭijānitabba’’</span>nti. Teyeva hi tassa atthakāmā, saddheyyavacanattañca maññanti, tato ca ‘‘sāsanassa amoghatā dīpitā hotī’’ti vuttatthasamatthanaṃ siyā. <span class="bld">‘‘Evañhī’’</span>tiādi kāraṇavacanaṃ. Pāpicchatā ceva parivajjitā, kattubhūtā vā sā, hotīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Amoghatā</span>ti niyyānikabhāvena atucchatā. <span class="bld">Vuttanayenā</span>ti ‘‘tatra tumhehīti tasmiṃ vaṇṇe tumhehī’’tiādinā ceva ‘‘dutiyaṃ padaṃ paṭhamassa padassa, catutthañca tatiyassa vevacana’’ntiādinā ca vuttanayena.</p>
<p class="subhead">Cūḷasīlavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para7"></a><span class="paranum">7</span>. <span class="bld">Ko anusandhī</span>ti pucchā ‘‘nanu ettakeneva yathāvuttehi avaṇṇavaṇṇehi sambandhā desanāmatthakaṃ pattā’’ti anuyogasambhavato katā. <span class="bld">Vaṇṇena ca avaṇṇena cā</span>ti tadubhayapadena. Atthaniddeso viya hi saddaniddesopīti akkharacintakā. Atha vā tathābhāsanassa kāraṇattā, koṭṭhāsattā ca <span class="bld">‘‘padehī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Avaṇṇena ca vaṇṇena cā</span>ti pana aguṇaguṇavasena, nindāpasaṃsāvasena ca sarūpadassanaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Nivatto</span> amūlakatāya <a name="M1.0231"></a> vissajjetabbatābhāvato’’ti (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.7) <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> vuttaṃ. Taṃ vitthāretvā desanāya bodhetabbapuggalābhāvato ettakāva sā yuttarūpāti bhagavato ajjhāsayeneva adesanābhāvena <span class="bld">nivatto,</span> yathā taṃ vaṇṇabhūmiyaṃ tatiyavārotipi daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tathā bodhetabbapuggalasambhavena vissajjetabbatāya adhigatabhāvato <span class="bld">anuvattatiyeva. Itipetaṃ bhūta</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">iti</span>-saddo ādiattho taduparipi anuvattakattā, tena vakkhati <span class="bld">‘‘idha panā’’</span>tiādi. Ettāvatā ayaṃ vaṇṇānusandhīti dassetvā duvidhesu pana tesu vaṇṇesu brahmadattassa vaṇṇānusandhīti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘so panā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Upari suññatāpakāsane anusandhiṃ dassessati</span> ‘‘atthi bhikkhave’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.28).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ pucchāvissajjanāmukhena samudāyatthataṃ vatvā idāni avayavatthataṃ dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘tatthā’’</span>tiādinā. Appameva parito samantato khaṇḍitattā <span class="bld">parittaṃ</span> nāmāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘appamattakanti parittassa nāma’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Mattā vuccati pamāṇaṃ</span> mīyate parimīyateti katvā. Samāsantakakārena <span class="bld">appamattakaṃ</span> yathā ‘‘bahuputtako’’ti, evaṃ <span class="bld">oramattake</span>pi. Eteneva ‘‘appā mattā <span class="bld">appamattā,</span> sā etassāti <span class="bld">appamattaka’’</span>ntiādinā kapaccayassa sātthakatampi dasseti atthato abhinnattā. Mattakasaddassa anatthakabhāvato <span class="bld">sīlameva sīlamattakaṃ. Anatthakabhāvo</span>ti ca sakatthatā <a name="V1.0202"></a> purimapadattheyeva pavattanato. Na hi saddā kevalaṃ anatthakā bhavantīti akkharacintakā. Nanu ca bhagavato pāramitānubhāvena niratthakamekakkharampi mukhavaraṃ nārohati, sakalañca pariyattisāsanaṃ pade pade catusaccappakāsananti vuttaṃ, kathaṃ tassa anatthakatā sambhavatīti? Saccaṃ, tampi padantarābhihitassa atthassa visesanavasena tadabhihitaṃ atthaṃ vadati eva, so pana attho vināpi tena padantareneva sakkā viññātunti anatthakamicceva vuttanti. Nanu avocumha ‘‘anatthakabhāvo…pe… pavattanato’’ti. Apica vineyyajjhāsayānurūpavasena bhagavato desanā pavattati, vineyyā ca anādimatisaṃsāre lokiyesuyeva saddesu paribhāvitacittā, loke ca asatipi atthantarāvabodhe vācāsiliṭṭhatādivasena saddapayogo dissati ‘‘labbhati palabbhati, khañjati nikhañjati, āgacchati paccāgacchatī’’tiādinā. Tathāparicitānañca tathāvidheneva saddapayogena atthāvagamo <a name="M1.0232"></a> sukho hotīti anatthakasaddapayogo vuttoti. Evaṃ sabbattha. Hoti cettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Padantaravacanīya-ssatthassa visesanāya;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bodhanāya vineyyānaṃ, tathānatthapadaṃ vade’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā <span class="bld">sīlamattaka</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">matta</span>-saddo visesanivattiattho ‘‘avitakkavicāramattā dhammā (dha. sa. tikamātikā) manomattā dhātu manodhātū’’ti (dha. sa. mūlaṭī. 499) ca ādīsu viya. ‘‘Appamattakaṃ oramattaka’’nti padadvayena sāmaññato vuttoyeva hi attho ‘‘sīlamattaka’’nti padena visesato vutto, tena ca sīlaṃ eva sīlamattaṃ, tadeva sīlamattakanti nibbacanaṃ kātabbanti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sīlameva sīlamattaka’’</span>nti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana aṭṭhakathāmuttako nayo – <span class="bld">oramattaka</span>nti ettha oranti apārabhāgo ‘‘orato bhogaṃ (mahāva. 66) oraṃ pāra’’ntiādīsu viya. Atha vā heṭṭhāattho orasaddo oraṃ āgamanāya ye paccayā, te orambhāgiyāni saṃyojanānītiādīsu viya. Sīlañhi samādhipaññāyo apekkhitvā apārabhāge, heṭṭhābhāge ca hoti, ubhayatthāpi ‘‘ore pavattaṃ mattaṃ yassā’’tiādinā viggaho. <span class="bld">Sīlamattaka</span>nti etthāpi <span class="bld">matta</span>saddo amahatthavācako ‘‘bhesajjamattā’’tiādīsu viya. Atha vā sīlepi tadekadesasseva saṅgahaṇatthaṃ amahatthavācako ettha mattasaddo vutto. Tathā hi indriyasaṃvarapaccayasannissitasīlāni idha desanaṃ anāruḷhāni. Kasmāti ce? Yasmā tāni pātimokkhasaṃvaraājīvapārisuddhisīlāni viya na sabbaputhujjanesu <a name="V1.0203"></a> pākaṭānīti. <span class="bld">Matta</span>nti cettha visesanivattiatthe napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ. Pamāṇappakatthesu pana ‘‘matta’’nti vā ‘‘mattā’’ti vā napuṃsakitthiliṅgaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Idaṃ vuttaṃ hotī’’</span>tiādinā saha yojanāya piṇḍatthaṃ dasseti. Yena sīlena vadeyya, etaṃ sīlamattakaṃ nāmāti sambandho. <span class="bld">‘‘Vaṇṇaṃ vadāmīti ussāhaṃ katvāpī’’</span>ti idaṃ ‘‘vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno’’ti etassa vivaraṇaṃ. Etena hi ‘‘ekapuggalo bhikkhave, loke uppajjamāno uppajjatī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 1.170) viya mānasaddassa sāmatthiyatthataṃ dasseti. ‘‘Ussāhaṃ kurumāno’’ti <a name="M1.0233"></a> avatvā ‘‘katvā’’ti ca vacanaṃ tvādipaccayantapadānamiva mānantapaccayantapadānampi parakiriyāpekkhamevāti dassanatthaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Tattha siyā’’</span>tiādinā sandhāyabhāsitamatthaṃ ajānitvā nītatthameva gahetvā suttantaravirodhitaṃ maññamānassa kassaci īdisī codanā siyāti dasseti. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tasmiṃ ‘‘appamattakaṃ kho paneta’’ntiādivacane (dī. ni. 1.7). Kammaṭṭhānabhāvane yuñjati sīlenāti <span class="bld">yogī,</span> tassa.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Alaṅkaraṇaṃ vibhūsanaṃ <span class="bld">alaṅkāro,</span> pasādhanakiriyā. Alaṃ karoti etenevāti vā <span class="bld">alaṅkāro,</span> kuṇḍalādipasādhanaṃ. Maṇḍīyate <span class="bld">maṇḍanaṃ,</span> ūnaṭṭhānapūraṇaṃ. Maṇḍīyati etenāti vā <span class="bld">maṇḍanaṃ,</span> mukhacuṇṇādiūnapūraṇopakaraṇaṃ. Idha pana sadisavohārena, taddhitavasena vā sīlameva tathā vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Maṇḍane</span>ti maṇḍanahetu, maṇḍanakiriyānimittaṃ gatoti attho. Atha vā maṇḍati sīlenāti <span class="bld">maṇḍano,</span> maṇḍanajātiko puriso. Bahumhi cetaṃ jātyāpekkhāya ekavacanaṃ. Ubbāhanatthepi hi ekavacanamicchanti keci, tadayuttameva saddasatthe anāgatattā, atthayuttiyā ca abhāvato. Kathañhi ekavacananiddiṭṭhato ubbāhanakaraṇaṃ yuttaṃ siyā ekasmiṃ yevatthe ubbāhitabbassa aññassatthassa abhāvato. Tasmā vipallāsavasena bahvatthe idaṃ ekavacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, maṇḍanasīlesūti attho. <span class="bld">Ācariyadhammapālattherenapi</span> hi ayamevidha vinicchayo (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.7) vutto. <span class="bld">Aggata</span>nti uttamabhāvaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Assaṃ</span> bhavissāmīti ākaṅkheyyāti sambandho. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti bhaveyya. <span class="bld">Paripūrakārī</span>ti cettha <span class="bld">iti</span>-saddo ādiattho, pakārattho vā, tena sakalampi sīlathomanasuttaṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kikīva aṇḍa</span>nti etthāpi tadatthena <span class="bld">iti</span>-saddena –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kikīva <a name="V1.0204"></a> aṇḍaṃ camarīva vāladhiṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Piyaṃva puttaṃ nayanaṃva ekakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Tatheva sīlaṃ anurakkhamānā,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Supesalā hotha sadā sagāravā’’ti. (visuddhi. 1.19); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Gāthaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. ‘‘Pupphagandho’’ti vatvā tadekadesena dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘na candana’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ. Candanaṃ tagaraṃ mallikāti hi taṃsahacaraṇato tesaṃ <a name="M1.0234"></a> gandhova vutto. <span class="bld">Pupphagandho</span>ti ca pupphañca tadavaseso gandho cāti attho. Tagaramallikāhi vā avasiṭṭho ‘‘pupphagandho’’ti vutto. <span class="bld">Satañca gandho</span>ti ettha sīlameva sadisavohārena vā taddhitavasena vā gandho. Sīlanibandhano vā thutighoso vuttanayena ‘‘gandho’’ti adhippeto. Sīlañhi kittiyā nimittaṃ. Yathāha ‘‘sīlavato kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchatī’’ti (dī. ni. 2.150; 3.316; a. ni. 5.213; mahāva. 785; udā. 76). <span class="bld">Sappuriso pavāyati</span> pakārehi gandhati tassa gandhūpagarukkhapaṭibhāgattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vassikī</span>ti sumanapupphaṃ, <span class="bld">‘‘vassika’’</span>ntipi pāṭho, tadatthova. Gandhā eva <span class="bld">gandhajātā,</span> gandhappakārā vā. <span class="bld">Yvāya</span>nti yadidaṃ, uttamo gandho vātīti sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sammadaññā vimuttāna</span>nti sammā aññāya jānitvā, aggamaggena vā vimuttānaṃ. <span class="bld">Maggaṃ na vindatī</span>ti kāraṇaṃ na labhati, na jānāti vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Sīle patiṭṭhāyā’’</span>ti gāthāya paṭisandhipaññāya <span class="bld">sapañño ātāpī</span> vīriyavā pārihārikapaññāya <span class="bld">nipako </span>narasaṅkhāto <span class="bld">bhikkhu</span> sīle patiṭṭhāya <span class="bld">cittaṃ</span> tappadhānena vuttaṃ samādhiṃ bhāvayaṃ bhāvayanto bhāvanāhetu tathā <span class="bld">paññaṃ</span> vipassanañca <span class="bld">imaṃ</span> antojaṭābahijaṭāsaṅkhātaṃ <span class="bld">jaṭaṃ vijaṭaye</span> vijaṭeyya vijaṭituṃ samattheyyāti saṅkhepattho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pathaviṃ nissāyā</span>ti pathaviṃ rasaggahaṇavasena nissāya, sīlasmiṃ pana paripūraṇavasena nissāya patiṭṭhānaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Appakamahantatāya pārāpārādi viya upanidhāpaññattibhāvato aññamaññaṃ upanidhāya āhāti vissajjetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘upari guṇe upanidhāyā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Sīlañhī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">hi</span>-saddo kāraṇattho, tenidaṃ <a name="V1.0205"></a> kāraṇaṃ dasseti ‘‘yasmā sīlaṃ kiñcāpi patiṭṭhābhāvena samādhissa bahūpakāraṃ, pabhāvādiguṇavisese panassa upanidhāya kalampi bhāgaṃ na upeti, tathā samādhi ca paññāyā’’ti. Tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘tasmā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Na pāpuṇātī</span>ti guṇasamabhāvena na sampāpuṇāti, na sametīti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Uparima</span>nti samādhipaññaṃ. <span class="bld">Upanidhāyā</span>ti upatthambhaṃ katvā. Tañhi tādisāya paññattiyā upatthambhanaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Heṭṭhima</span>nti sīlasamādhidvayaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Katha’’</span>ntiādi <a name="M1.0235"></a> vitthāravacanaṃ. Kaṇḍambamūlikapāṭihāriyakathanañcettha yathākathañcipi sīlassa samādhimapāpuṇatāsiddhiyevidhādhippetāti pākaṭatarapāṭihāriyabhāvena, nidassananayena cāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Abhi…pe… titthiyamaddana’’</span>nti idaṃ pana tassa yamakapāṭihāriyassa supākaṭabhāvadassanatthaṃ, aññehi bodhimūle ñātisamāgamādīsu ca katapāṭihāriyehi visesadassanatthañca vuttaṃ. Sambodhito hi aṭṭhamepi divase devatānaṃ ‘‘buddho vā no vā’’ti uppannakaṅkhāvidhamanatthaṃ ākāse ratanacaṅkamaṃ māpetvā caṅkamanto pāṭihāriyaṃ akāsi, tato dutiyasaṃvacchare kulanagaragato kapilavatthupure nigrodhārāme ñātīnaṃ samāgamepi tesaṃ mānamadappahānatthaṃ yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ akāsi. Tattha <span class="bld">abhisambodhito</span>ti abhisambujjhanakālato. <span class="bld">Sāvatthinagaradvāre</span>ti sāvatthinagarassa dakkhiṇadvāre. <span class="bld">Kaṇḍambarukkhamūle</span>ti kaṇḍena nāma pasenadirañño uyyānapālena ropitattā kaṇḍambanāmakassa rukkhassa mūle. Yamakapāṭihāriyakaraṇatthāya bhagavato citte uppanne ‘‘tadanucchavikaṃ ṭhānaṃ icchitabba’’nti ratanamaṇḍapādi sakkena devaraññā āṇattena vissakammunā katanti vadanti keci. Bhagavatā nimmitanti apare. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhakathāsu</span> pana anekāsu ‘‘sakkena devānamindena āṇāpitena vissakammadevaputtena maṇḍapo kato, caṅkamo pana bhagavatā nimmito’’ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Dibbasetacchatte</span> devatāhi <span class="bld">dhāriyamāne</span>ti attho viññāyati aññesamasambhavato. <span class="bld">‘‘Dvādasayojanāya parisāyā’’</span>ti idaṃ catūsu disāsu paccekaṃ dvādasayojanaṃ manussaparisaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tadā kira dasasahassilokadhātuto cakkavāḷagabbhaṃ paripūretvā devabrahmānopi sannipatiṃsu. Yo koci evarūpaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ kātuṃ samattho ce, so āgacchatūti codanāsadisattā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘attādānaparidīpana’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Attādāna</span>ñhi anuyogo paṭipakkhassa attassa ādānaṃ gahaṇanti katvā. <span class="bld"> Titthiyamaddana</span>nti ‘‘pāṭihāriyaṃ karissāmā’’ti kuhāyanavasena pubbe uṭṭhitānaṃ titthiyānaṃ maddanaṃ, tañca tathā kātuṃ asamatthatāsampādanameva. Tadetaṃ padadvayaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yamakapāṭihāriya’’</span>nti etena sambandhitabbaṃ. Rājagahaseṭṭhino candanaghaṭikuppattito paṭṭhāya sabbameva cettha vattabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Uparimakāyato</span>tiādi <a name="V1.0206"></a><a name="M1.0236"></a> paṭisambhidāmagge (paṭi. ma. 1.116) āgatanayadassanaṃ, tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘itiādinayappavatta’’</span>nti, <span class="bld">‘‘sabbaṃ vitthāretabba’’</span>nti ca. Tatthāyaṃ pāḷiseso –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Heṭṭhimakāyato aggikkhandho pavattati, uparimakāyato udakadhārā pavattati. Puratthimakāyato aggi, pacchimakāyato udakaṃ. Pacchimakāyato aggi, puratthimakāyato udakaṃ. Dakkhiṇaakkhito aggi, vāmaakkhito udakaṃ. Vāmaakkhito aggi, dakkhiṇaakkhito udakaṃ. Dakkhiṇakaṇṇasotato aggi, vāmakaṇṇasotato udakaṃ. Vāmakaṇṇasotato aggi, dakkhiṇakaṇṇasotato udakaṃ. Dakkhiṇanāsikāsotato aggi, vāmanāsikāsotato udakaṃ. Vāmanāsikāsotato aggi, dakkhiṇanāsikāsotato udakaṃ. Dakkhiṇaaṃsakūṭato aggi, vāmaaṃsakūṭato udakaṃ. Vāmaaṃsakūṭato aggi, dakkhiṇaaṃsakūṭato udakaṃ. Dakkhiṇahatthato aggi, vāmahatthato udakaṃ. Vāmahatthato aggi, dakkhiṇahatthato udakaṃ. Dakkhiṇapassato aggi, vāmapassato udakaṃ. Vāmapassato aggi, dakkhiṇapassato udakaṃ. Dakkhiṇapādato aggi, vāmapādato udakaṃ. Vāmapādato aggi, dakkhiṇapādato udakaṃ. Aṅgulaṅgulehi aggi, aṅgulantarikāhi udakaṃ. Aṅgulantarikāhi aggi, aṅgulaṅgulehi udakaṃ. Ekekalomato aggi, ekekalomato udakaṃ. Lomakūpato lomakūpato aggikkhandho pavattati, lomakūpato lomakūpato udakadhārā pavattatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana ‘‘ekekalomakūpato’’ icceva (paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 2.1.116) āgataṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Channaṃ vaṇṇāna</span>nti etthāpi nīlānaṃ pītakānaṃ lohitakānaṃ odātānaṃ mañjiṭṭhānaṃ pabhassarānanti ayaṃ sabbopi pāḷiseso peyyālanayena, ādi-saddena ca dassito. Ettha ca channaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ ubbāhanabhūtānaṃ yamakā yamakā vaṇṇā pavattantīti pāṭhasesena sambandho, tena vakkhati ‘‘dutiyā dutiyā rasmiyo’’tiādi. Tattha hi tāsaṃ yamakaṃ <a name="M1.0237"></a> yamakaṃ pavattanākārena saha āvajjanaparikammādhiṭṭhānānaṃ visuṃ pavatti dassitā. Keci pana ‘‘channaṃ vaṇṇāna’’nti etassa ‘‘aggikkhandho udakadhārā’’ti purimehi padehi sambandhaṃ vadanti, tadayuttameva aggikkhandhaudakadhārānaṃ atthāya tejokasiṇavāyokasiṇānaṃ samāpajjanassa vakkhamānattā. <span class="bld">Channaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ</span> chabbaṇṇā pavattantīti kattuvasena vā sambandho yathā ‘‘ekassa cepi bhikkhuno na paṭibhāseyya taṃ bhikkhuniṃ apasādetu’’nti (pāci. 558). Kattukammesu hi bahulā sāmivacanaṃ ākhyātapayogepi icchanti neruttikā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="V1.0207"></a> pāḷinayena yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ dassetvā idāni taṃ aṭṭhakathānayena vivaranto paccāsattinayena ‘‘channaṃ vaṇṇāna’’nti padameva paṭhamaṃ vivarituṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tassā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">tassā</span>ti bhagavato. <span class="bld">‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇā rasmiyo’’</span>ti idaṃ tāsaṃ pītābhānaṃ yebhuyyatāya vuttaṃ, chabbaṇṇāhi rasmīhi alaṅkaraṇakālo viyāti attho. Tāpi hi cakkavāḷagabbhato uggantvā brahmalokamāhacca paṭinivattitvā cakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭimeva gaṇhiṃsu. Ekacakkavāḷagabbhaṃ vaṅkagopānasikaṃ viya bodhigharaṃ ahosi ekālokaṃ. <span class="bld">Dutiyā dutiyā rasmiyo</span>ti purimapurimato pacchā pacchā nikkhantā rasmiyo. Kasmā sadisākāravasena ‘‘viyā’’ti vacanaṃ vuttanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘dvinnañcā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Dvinnañca cittānaṃ ekakkhaṇe pavatti nāma natthi,</span> yehi tā evaṃ siyuṃ, tathāpi iminā kāraṇadvayena evameva khāyantīti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Bhavaṅgaparivāsassā</span>ti bhavaṅgavasena parivasanassa, bhavaṅgasaṅkhātassa parivasanassa vā, bhavaṅgapatanassāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Āciṇṇavasitāyā</span>ti āvajjanasamāpajjanādīhi pañcahākārehi samāciṇṇaparicayatāya. Nanu ca ekassāpi cittassa pavattiyā dve kisso rasmiyopi sambhaveyyunti anuyogamapaneti <span class="bld">‘‘tassā tassā pana rasmiyā’’</span>tiādinā. Cittavāranānattā <span class="bld">āvajjanaparikamma</span>cittāni, kasiṇanānattā <span class="bld">adhiṭṭhāna</span>cittavārānipi <span class="bld">visuṃ visuṃyeva pavattanti</span>. Āvajjanāvasāne tikkhattuṃ pavattajavanāni parikammanāmeneva idha vuttāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘nīlarasmiatthāya hī’’</span>tiādi. ‘‘Mañjiṭṭharasmiatthāya lohitakasiṇaṃ, pabhassararasmiatthāya pītakasiṇa’’nti idaṃ lohitapītarasmīnaṃ kāraṇeyeva vutte siddhanti na vuttaṃ. Tāsameva hi mañjiṭṭhapabhassararasmiyo <a name="M1.0238"></a> visesapabhedabhūtāti. <span class="bld">‘‘Aggikkhandhatthāyā’’</span>tiādinā <span class="bld">‘‘uparimakāyato’’</span>tiādīnaṃ vivaraṇaṃ. Aggikkhandhaudakakkhandhāpi aññamaññaasammissā yāva brahmalokā uggantvā cakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ patiṃsu, taṃ divasaṃ pana satthā yo yo yasmiṃ yasmiṃ dhamme ca pāṭihāriye ca pasanno, tassa tassa ajjhāsayavasena taṃ taṃ dhammañca kathesi, pāṭihāriyañca dassesi, evaṃ dhamme bhāsiyamāne, pāṭihāriye ca kariyamāne mahājano dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Tasmiñca samāgame attano manaṃ gahetvā pañhaṃ pucchituṃ samatthaṃ adisvā nimmitaṃ buddhaṃ māpesi, tena pucchitaṃ pañhaṃ satthā vissajjesi. Satthārā pucchitaṃ pañhaṃ so vissajjesi, satthu caṅkamanakāle nimmito ṭhānādīsu aññataraṃ kappesi, tassa caṅkamanakāle satthā ṭhānādīsu aññataraṃ kappesīti etamatthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘satthā caṅkamatī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Sabbaṃ vitthāretabba’’</span>nti etena ‘‘satthā tiṭṭhati, nimmito caṅkamati vā nisīdati vā seyyaṃ vā kappetī’’tiādinā (paṭi. ma. 1.116) catūsu iriyāpathesu ekekamūlakā satthupakkhe cattāro<a name="V1.0208"></a>, nimmitapakkhe cattāroti sabbe aṭṭha vārā vitthāretvā vattabbāti dasseti. Yasmā sīlaṃ samādhissa patiṭṭhāmattameva hutvā nivattati, samādhiyeva tattha patiṭṭhāya yathāvuttaṃ sabbaṃ pāṭihāriyakiccaṃ pavatteti, tasmā tadetaṃ samādhikiccamevāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ettha ekampī’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Yaṃ panā’’</span>tiādinā samādhissa paññamapāpuṇatā vibhāvitā, yaṃ pana <span class="bld">paṭivijjhi, idaṃ</span> paṭivijjhanaṃ <span class="bld">paññākicca</span>nti attho. Taṃ anukkamato dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘bhagavā’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">‘‘Kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyānī’’</span>ti idaṃ dīpaṅkarapādamūle katapaṭhamābhinīhārato paṭṭhāya vuttaṃ, tato pubbepi yattakena tasmiṃ bhave icchanto sāvakabodhiṃ pattuṃ sakkuṇeyya, tattakaṃ puññasambhāraṃ samupacinīti veditabbaṃ. Tatoyeva hi ‘‘manussattaṃ liṅgasampatti, hetu satthāradassana’’ntiādinā (bu. vaṃ. 59) vuttesu aṭṭhadhammesu hetusampannatā ahosi. Keci pana manopaṇidhānavacīpaṇidhānavasena anekadhā asaṅkhyeyyaparicchedaṃ katvā pubbasambhāraṃ vadanti, tadayuttameva saṅgahāruḷhāsu aṭṭhakathāsu tathā avuttattā. Tāsu hi yathāvuttanayena paṭhamābhinīhārato pubbe hetusampannatāyeva dassitā. Ekūnatiṃsavassakāle nikkhamma pabbajitvāti sambandho. Cakkaratanārahapuññavantatāya <a name="M1.0239"></a> bodhisatto cakkavattisirisampannoti tassa nivāsabhavanaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘cakkavattisirinivāsabhūta’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Bhavanā</span>ti rammasurammasubhasaṅkhātā niketanā. <span class="bld">Padhānayoga</span>nti dukkaracariyāya uttamavīriyānuyogaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Uruvelāyaṃ kira senānigame kuṭumbikassa dhītā sujātā nāma dārikā vayappattā nerañjarāya tīre nigrodhamūle patthanamakāsi ‘‘sacāhaṃ samajātikaṃ kulagharaṃ gantvā paṭhamagabbhe puttaṃ labhissāmi, khīrapāyāsena balikammaṃ karissāmī’’ti, (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.284; jā. aṭṭha. 1.avidūre nidānakathā) tassā sā patthanā samijjhi. Sā satta dhenuyo laṭṭhivane khādāpetvā tāsampi dhītaro gāviyo laddhā tatheva khādāpetvā puna tāsampi dhītaro tathevāti sattaputtinattipanattiparamparāgatāhi dhenūhi khīraṃ gahetvā khīrapāyāsaṃ pacitumārabhi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe mahābrahmā tiyojanikaṃ setacchattaṃ upari dhāresi, sakko devarājā aggiṃ ujjālesi, sakalaloke vijjamānarasaṃ devatā pakkhipiṃsu, pāyāsaṃ dakkhiṇāvaṭṭaṃ hutvā pacati, taṃ sā suvaṇṇapātiyā satasahassagghanikāya saheva bodhisattassa datvā pakkāmi. Atha bodhisatto taṃ gahetvā nerañjarāya tīre suppatiṭṭhite nāma titthe ekatālaṭṭhippamāṇe ekūnapaññāsapiṇḍe karonto paribhuñji, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘visākhāpuṇṇamāyaṃ uruvelagāme sujātāya dvinnaṃ pakkhittadibbojaṃ madhupāyāsaṃ paribhuñjitvā’’</span>ti. Tattha <span class="bld">sujātāyā</span>ti āyasmato yasattherassa mātubhūtāya pacchā saraṇagamanaṭṭhāne etadaggappattāya sujātāya nāma seṭṭhibhariyāya. Aṅgamaṅgānusārino <a name="V1.0209"></a> rasassa sāro upatthambhabalakaro bhūtanissito eko viseso <span class="bld">ojā</span> nāma, sā divi bhavā pakkhittā etthāti <span class="bld">pakkhittadibbojo,</span> taṃ. Pātabbo ca so asitabbo cāti <span class="bld">pāyāso,</span> rasaṃ katvā pivituṃ, ālopaṃ katvā ca bhuñjituṃ yutto bhojanaviseso, madhunā sitto pāyāso <span class="bld">madhupāyāso,</span> taṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato nerañjarāya tīre mahāsālavane nānāsamāpattīhi divāvihārassa katattā <span class="bld">‘‘sāyanhasamaye’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Vitthāro tattha tattha gahetabbo. <span class="bld">Dakkhiṇuttarenā</span>ti divāvihārato bodhiyā pavisanamaggaṃ sandhāyāha, ujukaṃ dakkhiṇuttaragatena devatāhi alaṅkatena maggenāti attho<a name="M1.0240"></a>. Evampi vadanti <span class="bld">‘‘dakkhiṇuttarenā</span>ti dakkhiṇapacchimuttarena ādiavasānagahaṇena majjhimassāpi gahitattā, tathā luttapayogassa ca dassanato. Evañhi sati ‘dakkhiṇapacchimuttaradisābhāgena bodhimaṇḍaṃ pavisitvā tiṭṭhatī’ti (jā. aṭṭha. 1.avidūrenidānakathā) <span class="bld">jātakanidāne</span> vuttavacanena sametī’’ti. Dakkhiṇadisato gantabbo uttaradisābhāgo <span class="bld">dakkhiṇuttaro,</span> tena pavisitvāti apare. Keci pana ‘‘uttarasaddo cettha maggavācako. Yadi hi disāvācako bhaveyya, ‘dakkhiṇuttarāyā’ti vadeyyā’’ti, taṃ na ‘‘uttarena nadī sīdā, gambhīrā duratikkamā’’tiādinā disāvācakassāpi enayogassa dassanato, uttarasaddassa ca maggavācakassa anāgatattā. Apica disābhāgaṃ sandhāya evaṃ vuttaṃ. Disābhāgopi hi disā evāti. Atha antarāmagge sotthiyena nāma tiṇahārakabrāhmaṇena dinnā aṭṭha kusatiṇamuṭṭhiyo gahetvā asitañcanagirisaṅkāsaṃ sabbabodhisattānamassāsajananaṭṭhāne samāviruḷhaṃ bodhiyā maṇḍanabhūtaṃ bodhimaṇḍamupagantvā tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā dakkhiṇadisābhāge aṭṭhāsi, so pana padeso paduminipatte udakabindu viya pakampittha, tato pacchimadisābhāgaṃ, uttaradisābhāgañca gantvā tiṭṭhantepi mahāpurise tatheva te akampiṃsu, tato ‘‘nāyaṃ sabbopi padeso mama guṇaṃ sandhāretuṃ samattho’’ti puratthimadisābhāgamagamāsi, tattha pallaṅkappamāṇaṃ niccalamahosi, tasseva ca nippariyāyena bodhimaṇḍasamaññā, mahāpuriso ‘‘idaṃ kilesaviddhaṃsanaṭṭhāna’’nti sanniṭṭhānaṃ katvā pubbuttaradisābhāge ṭhito tattha akampanappadese tāni tiṇāni agge gahetvā sañcālesi, tāvadeva cuddasahattho pallaṅko ahosi, tānipi tiṇāni vicittākārena tūlikāya lekhā gahitāni viya ahesuṃ. So tattha tisandhipallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā caturaṅgasamannāgataṃ mettākammaṭṭhānaṃ pubbaṅgamaṃ katvā caturaṅgikaṃ vīriyaṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā nisīdi, tamatthaṃ saṅkhipitvā dassento <span class="bld">‘‘bodhimaṇḍaṃ pavisitvā’’</span>tiādimāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">bodhi</span> vuccati arahattamaggañāṇaṃ, sabbaññutaññāṇañca, sā maṇḍati thāmagatatāya pasīdati <a name="V1.0210"></a> etthāti <span class="bld">bodhimaṇḍo,</span> nippariyāyena yathāvuttappadeso, pariyāyena pana idha dumarājā. Tathā hi <span class="bld">ācariyānandattherena</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘bodhimaṇḍasaddopaṭhamābhisambuddhaṭṭhāne eva daṭṭhabbo, na yattha katthaci bodhirukkhassa patiṭṭhitaṭṭhāne’’ti, taṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Māravijayasabbaññutaññāṇapaṭilābhādīhi <a name="M1.0241"></a> bhagavantaṃ assāsetīti <span class="bld">assattho.</span> Āpubbañhi sāsasaddaṃ anusiṭṭhitosanesu icchanti, yaṃ tu loke ‘‘caladalo, kuñjarāsano’’ tipi vadanti. Accuggatabhāvena, ajeyyabhūmisīsagatabhāvena, sakalasabbaññuguṇapaṭilābhaṭṭhānaviruḷhabhāvena ca dumānaṃ rājāti <span class="bld">dumarājā,</span> assattho ca so dumarājā cāti <span class="bld">assatthadumarājā</span> taṃ. Dvinnaṃ ūrujāṇusandhīnaṃ, ūrumūlakaṭisandhissa ca vasena tayo sandhayo, saṇṭhānavasena vā tayo koṇā yassāti<span class="bld"> tisandhi,</span> sveva pallaṅko ūrubaddhāsanaṃ parisamantato aṅkanaṃ āsananti atthena ra-kārassa la-kāraṃ, dvibhāvañca katvā, tīhi vā sandhīhi lakkhito pallaṅko <span class="bld"> tisandhipallaṅko,</span> taṃ. <span class="bld">Ābhujitvā</span>ti ābandhitvā, ubho pāde samañchite katvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Vitthāro <span class="bld">sāmaññaphalasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ</span> (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.216) āgamissati. Attā, mitto, majjhatto, verīti catūsupi samappavattanavasena <span class="bld">caturaṅgasamannāgataṃ mettākammaṭṭhānaṃ.</span> ‘‘Caturaṅgasamannāgata’’nti idaṃ pana ‘‘vīriyādhiṭṭhāna’’nti etenāpi yojetabbaṃ. Tampi hi –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kāmaṃ taco ca nhāru ca aṭṭhi ca avasissatu, upasussatu sarīre maṃsalohitaṃ, yaṃ taṃ purisathāmena purisavīriyena purisaparakkamena pattabbaṃ, na taṃ apāpuṇitvā vīriyassa saṇṭhānaṃ bhavissatī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.184; saṃ. ni. 1.266; a. ni. 3.51; a. ni. 8.13; mahāni. 17, 196) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Vuttanayena caturaṅgasamannāgatameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Cuddasa hatthā vitthatappamāṇabhāvena yassāti <span class="bld">cuddasahattho.</span> Parisamantato aṅkīyate lakkhīyate paricchedavasenāti <span class="bld">pallaṅko</span> ra-kārassa la-kāraṃ, tassa ca dvittaṃ katvā. Apica ‘‘idaṃ kilesaviddhaṃsanaṭṭhāna’’nti aṭṭhakathāsu vacanato pallaṃ kilesaviddhaṃsanaṃ karoti etthāti <span class="bld">pallaṅko</span> niggahitāgamavasena, aluttasamāsavasena vā, cuddasahattho ca so pallaṅko ca, sveva uttamaṭṭhena patthanīyaṭṭhena ca varoti <span class="bld">cuddasahatthapallaṅkavaro,</span> tattha gato pavatto nisinno tathā. Cuddasahatthatā cettha vitthāravasena gahetabbā. Tāniyeva <a name="M1.0242"></a> hi tiṇāni aparimitapuññānubhāvato cuddasahatthavitthatapallaṅkabhāvena pavattāni, na ca tāni aṭṭhamuṭṭhippamāṇāni cuddasahatthaaccuggatāni sambhavanti<a name="V1.0211"></a>. Tatoyeva ca idha ‘‘tiṇasantharaṃ santharitvā’’ti vuttaṃ, <span class="bld">dhammapadaṭṭhakathādīsu</span> ca ‘‘tiṇāni santharitvā…pe… puratthimābhimukho nisīditvā’’ti (dha. sa. aṭṭha. 1.sāriputtheravaṇṇanā; dha. sa. aṭṭha. 1.nidānakathā). Aññattha ca ‘‘tiṇāsane cuddasahatthasammate’’ti. Keci pana ‘‘accuggatabhāveneva cuddasahattho’’ti yathā tathā parikappanāvasena vadanti, taṃ na gahetabbaṃ yathāvuttena kāraṇena, sādhakena ca viruddhattā. Kāmañca manorathapūraṇiyā <span class="bld">caturaṅguttaravaṇṇanāya</span> ‘‘tikkhattuṃ bodhiṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā bodhimaṇḍaṃ āruyha cuddasahatthubbedhe ṭhāne tiṇasantharaṃ santharitvā caturaṅgavīriyaṃ adhiṭṭhāya nisinnakālato’’ti (a. ni. aṭṭha. 2.4.33) pāṭho dissati, tathāpi tattha ubbedhasaddo vitthāravācakoti veditabbo, yathā ‘‘tiriyaṃ soḷasubbedho, uddhamāhu sahassadhā’’ti (jā. 1.3.40) <span class="bld">mahāpanādajātake.</span> Tathā hi tadaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘tiriyaṃ soḷasubbedhoti vitthārato soḷasakaṇḍapātavitthāro ahosī’’ti (jātaka aṭṭha. 2-302 piṭṭhe). Aññathā hi ākāseyeva ukkhipitvā tiṇasantharaṇaṃ kataṃ, na acalapadeseti attho āpajjeyya santharaṇakiriyādhārabhāvato tassa, so cattho anadhippeto aññattha anāgatattāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Rajatakkhandhaṃ piṭṭhito katvā viyāti sambandho. <span class="bld">Attha</span>nti pacchimapabbataṃ. <span class="bld">Mārabala</span>nti māraṃ, mārabalañca, mārassa vā sāmatthiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Pubbenivāsa</span>nti pubbe nivutthakkhandhaṃ. <span class="bld">Dibbacakkhu</span>nti dibbacakkhuñāṇaṃ. ‘‘Kicchaṃ vatāyaṃ loko āpanno’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 2.57; saṃ. ni. 2.4) jarāmaraṇamukhena <span class="bld">paccayākāre ñāṇaṃ otāretvā. Ānāpānacatutthajjhāna</span>nti etthāpi ‘‘sabbabuddhānaṃ āciṇṇa’’nti vibhattivipariṇāmaṃ katvā yojetabbaṃ. Tampi hi buddhānamāciṇṇamevāti vadanti. <span class="bld">Pādakaṃ katvā</span>ti kāraṇaṃ, patiṭṭhānaṃ vā katvā. <span class="bld">‘‘Vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā</span>ti chattiṃsakoṭisatasahassamukhena āsavakkhayañāṇasaṅkhātamahāvajirañāṇagabbhaṃ gaṇhāpanavasena vipassanaṃ bhāvetvā. Sabbaññutaññāṇādhigamāya anupadadhammavipassanāvasena anekākāravokāre saṅkhāre sammasato chattiṃsakoṭisatasahassamukhena pavattaṃ vipassanāñāṇampi hi ‘‘mahāvajirañāṇa’’nti <a name="M1.0243"></a> vuccati, catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassasaṅkhyāya devasikaṃ vaḷañjanakasamāpattīnaṃ purecarānucarañāṇampi. Idha pana maggañāṇameva, visesato ca aggamaggañāṇaṃ, tasmā tasseva vipassanāgabbhabhāvo veditabboti. <span class="bld">Sabbabuddhaguṇe</span>ti sabbaññutādiniravasesabuddhaguṇe. Tassā pādakaṃ katvā samādhi nivattoti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘idamassa paññākicca’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti bhagavato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Tattha yathā hatthe’’</span>tiādinā upamāya pākaṭīkaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Hatthe</span>ti hatthapasate, karapuṭe vā. <span class="bld">Pātiya</span>nti <a name="V1.0212"></a> sarāvake. <span class="bld">Ghaṭe</span>ti udakaharaṇaghaṭe. Dvattiṃsadoṇagaṇhanappamāṇaṃ kuṇḍaṃ <span class="bld">kolambo.</span> Tato mahatarā <span class="bld">cāṭi.</span> Tatopi mahatī <span class="bld">mahākumbhī.</span> Soṇḍī <span class="bld">kusobbho.</span> Nadībhāgo <span class="bld">kandaro. </span> Cakkavāḷapādesu samuddo <span class="bld">cakkavāḷamahāsamuddo.</span> <span class="bld">Sinerupādake mahāsamudde</span>ti sīdantarasamuddaṃ sandhāyāha. <span class="bld">‘‘Pātiya’’</span>ntiādināpi tadevatthaṃ pakārantarena vibhāveti. Parittaṃ hoti yathāti sambandho. Yassā pāḷiyā atthavibhāvanatthāya yā saṃvaṇṇanā vuttā, tadeva tassā guṇabhāvena dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tenāhā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Evaṃ sabbattha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Duve puthujjanā’’</span>tiādi puthujjanesu labbhamānavibhāgadassanatthameva vuttaṃ, na pana <span class="bld">mūlapariyāyasaṃvaṇṇanādīsu</span> (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.2) viya puthujjanavisesaniddhāraṇatthaṃ niravasesaputhujjanasseva idha adhippetattā. Sabbopi hi puthujjano bhagavato upariguṇe vibhāvetuṃ na sakkoti, tiṭṭhatu tāva puthujjano, ariyasāvakapaccekabuddhānampi avisayā eva buddhaguṇā. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘sotāpanno’’tiādi (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.7). Gottasambandhatāya ādiccassa sūriyadevaputtassa bandhūti <span class="bld">ādiccabandhu,</span> tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">niddese</span> –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ādicco vuccati sūriyo. Sūriyo gotamo gottena, bhagavāpi gotamo gottena, bhagavā sūriyassa gottañātako gottabandhu, tasmā buddho ādiccabandhū’’ti (mahāni. 150; cūḷani. 99).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Saddavidū pana ‘‘buddhassādiccabandhunā’’ti pāṭhamicchanti. Ādiccassa bandhunā gottena samāno gottasaṅkhāto bandhu yassa, buddho ca so ādiccabandhu cāti katvā. Yasmā pana khandhakathādikosallenāpi upakkilesānupakkilesānaṃ jānanahetubhūtaṃ bāhusaccaṃ hoti, yathāha –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Kittāvatā <a name="M1.0244"></a> nu kho bhante bahussuto hotīti? Yato kho bhikkhu khandhakusalo hoti. Dhātu…pe… āyatana…pe… paṭiccasamuppādakusalo hoti, ettāvatā kho bhikkhu bahussuto hotī’’ti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘yassa khandhadhātuāyatanādīsū’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena cettha yāva paṭiccasamuppādā saṅgaṇhāti. Tattha vācuggatakaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">uggaho.</span> Atthassa paripucchanaṃ <span class="bld">paripucchā.</span> Aṭṭhakathāvasena atthassa sotadvārapaṭibaddhatākaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">savanaṃ.</span> Byañjanatthānaṃ sunikkhepasunayanena dhammassa pariharaṇaṃ <span class="bld">dhāraṇaṃ.</span> Evaṃ sutadhātaparicitānaṃ vitakkanaṃ manasānupekkhanaṃ <span class="bld">paccavekkhaṇaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="V1.0213"></a> pabhedaṃ dassetvā vacanatthampi dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘duvidho’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Puthūna</span>nti anekavidhānaṃ kilesādīnaṃ. <span class="bld">Puthujjanantogadhattā</span>ti bahūnaṃ janānaṃ abbhantare samavarodhabhāvato puthujjanoti sambandho. <span class="bld">Puthucāyaṃ jano</span>ti puthu eva visuṃyeva ayaṃ saṅkhyaṃ gato. <span class="bld">Itī</span>ti tasmā puthujjanoti sambandho. Evaṃ gāthābandhena saṅkhepato dassitamatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘so hī’’</span>tiādinā vivarati. <span class="bld">‘‘Nānappakārāna’’</span>nti iminā <span class="bld">puthu</span>-saddo idha bahvatthoti dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ādi-saddena saṅgahitamatthaṃ, tadatthassa ca sādhakaṃ ambasecanagarusinānanayena niddesapāḷiyā dassento <span class="bld">‘‘yathāhā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Avihatā</span> sakkāyadiṭṭhiyo, puthu bahukā tā etesanti <span class="bld">puthuavihatasakkāyadiṭṭhikā,</span> etena avihatattā puthu sakkāyadiṭṭhiyo janenti, puthūhi vā sakkāyadiṭṭhīhi janitāti atthaṃ dasseti. Avihatatthameva vā janasaddo vadati, tasmā puthu sakkāyadiṭṭhiyo janenti na vihananti, janā vā avihatā puthu sakkāyadiṭṭhiyo etesanti atthaṃ dassetītipi vaṭṭati, visesanaparanipātanañcettha daṭṭhabbaṃ yathā ‘‘agyāhito’’ti. <span class="bld">‘‘Puthu satthārānaṃ mukhullokikā’’</span>ti etena puthu bahavo janā satthāro etesanti nibbacanaṃ dassitaṃ. <span class="bld">Puthu sabbagatīhi avuṭṭhitā</span>ti ettha pana kammakilesehi janetabbā, jāyanti vā sattā etthāti <span class="bld">janā,</span> gatiyo, puthu sabbā eva janā gatiyo etesanti vacanattho. <span class="bld">‘‘Puthu nānābhisaṅkhāre</span> <a name="M1.0245"></a> <span class="bld">abhisaṅkharontī’’</span>ti etena ca jāyanti etehi sattāti <span class="bld">janā,</span> puññābhisaṅkhārādayo, puthu nānāvidhā janā saṅkhārā etesaṃ vijjanti, puthu vā nānābhisaṅkhāre janenti abhisaṅkharontīti atthamāha. Tato paraṃ pana <span class="bld">‘‘puthu nānāoghehi vuyhantī’’</span>tiādiatthattayaṃ janenti etehi sattāti <span class="bld">janā,</span> kāmoghādayo, rāgasantāpādayo, rāgapariḷāhādayo ca, sabbepi vā kilesapariḷāhā. Puthu nānappakārā te etesaṃ vijjanti, tehi vā janenti vuyhanti, santāpenti, pariḍahanti cāti nibbacanaṃ dassetuṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Rattā giddhā’’</span>tiādi pariyāyavacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Api ca <span class="bld">rattā</span>ti vatthaṃ viya raṅgajātena cittassa vipariṇāmakarena chandarāgena rattā. <span class="bld">Giddhā</span>ti abhikaṅkhanasabhāvena abhigijjhanena giddhā. <span class="bld">Gathitā</span>ti ganthitā viya dummocanīyabhāvena tattha paṭibaddhā. <span class="bld">Mucchitā</span>ti kilesāvisanavasena visaññībhūtā viya anaññakiccamohaṃ samāpannā. <span class="bld">Ajjhosannā</span>ti anaññāsādhāraṇe viya katvā gilitvā pariniṭṭhapetvā ṭhitā. <span class="bld">Laggā</span>ti gāvo kaṇṭake viya āsattā, mahāpalipe vā patanena nāsikaggapalipannapuriso viya uddharitumasakkuṇeyyabhāvena nimuggā. <span class="bld">Laggitā</span>ti makkaṭālepena viya makkaṭo pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ vasena āsaṅgitā, <span class="bld">palibuddhā</span>ti sambaddhā, upaddutā vāti ayamattho <a name="V1.0214"></a> <span class="bld">aṅguttaraṭīkāyaṃ</span> (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.51) vutto. Etena jāyatīti <span class="bld">jano,</span> ‘‘rāgo gedho’’ti evamādiko, puthu nānāvidho jano rāgādiko etesaṃ, puthūsu vā pañcasu kāmaguṇesu janā rattā giddhā…pe… palibuddhāti atthaṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Āvutā’’</span>tiādipi pariyāyavacanameva. Apica <span class="bld">‘‘āvutā</span>ti āvaritā. <span class="bld">Nivutā</span>ti nivāritā. <span class="bld">Ophutā</span>ti paliguṇṭhitā, pariyonaddhā vā. <span class="bld">Pihitā</span>ti pidahitā. <span class="bld">Paṭicchannā</span>ti chāditā. <span class="bld">Paṭikujjitā</span>ti heṭṭhāmukhajātā’’ti tattheva (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.51) vuttaṃ. Ettha ca janenti etehīti <span class="bld">janā,</span> nīvaraṇā, puthu nānāvidhā janā nīvaraṇā etesaṃ, puthūhi vā nīvaraṇehi janā āvutā…pe… paṭikujjitāti nibbacanaṃ dasseti. Puthūsu nīcadhammasamācāresu jāyati, puthūnaṃ vā abbhantare jano antogadho, puthu vā bahuko janoti atthaṃ dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘puthūna’’</span>ntiādinā, etena ca tatiyapādaṃ vivarati, samattheti vā. <span class="bld">‘‘Puthuvā’’</span>tiādinā pana catutthapādaṃ. Puthu visaṃsaṭṭho eva jano puthujjanoti ayañhettha vacanattho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yehi <a name="M1.0246"></a> guṇavisesehi nimittabhūtehi bhagavati ‘‘tathāgato’’ti ayaṃ samaññā pavattā, taṃ dassanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā tathāgato’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Ekopi hi saddo anekapavattinimittamadhikicca anekadhā atthappakāsako, bhagavato ca sabbepi nāmasaddā anekaguṇanemittikāyeva. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Asaṅkhyeyyāni nāmāni, saguṇena mahesino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Guṇena nāmamuddheyyaṃ, api nāmasahassato’’ti. (dha. sa. 1313; udā. aṭṭha. 57; paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 1.76; dī. ni. ṭī. 1.413);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kāni pana tānīti anuyoge sati paṭhamaṃ tassarūpaṃ saṅkhepato uddisitvā <span class="bld">‘‘katha’’</span>ntiādinā niddisati. <span class="bld">Tathā āgato</span>ti ettha ākāraniyamanavasena opammasampaṭipādanattho <span class="bld">tathā</span>-saddo. Sāmaññajotanāya visesāvaṭṭhānato, visesatthinā ca sāmaññasaddassāpi visesattheyeva anupayujjitabbato paṭipadāgamanattho <span class="bld">āgata</span> saddo daṭṭhabbo, na ñāṇagamanattho tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgato’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.7; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.12; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 2.3.78; a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.170; theragā. aṭṭha. 1.43; itivu. aṭṭha. 38; paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 1.37; bu. vaṃ. aṭṭha. 2; mahāni. aṭṭha. 14) viya<a name="V1.0215"></a>, nāpi kāyagamanādi attho ‘‘āgato kho mahāsamaṇo, māgadhānaṃ giribbaja’’ntiādīsu (mahāva. 53) viya. Tattha yassa ākārassa niyamanavasena opammasampaṭipādanattho tathā-saddo, tadākāraṃ karuṇāpadhānattā tassa mahākaruṇāmukhena purimabuddhānaṃ āgamanapaṭipadāya udāharaṇavasena sāmaññato dassento <span class="bld">‘‘yathā sabbaloke’’</span>tiādimāha. Yaṃtaṃ-saddānaṃ ekantasambandhabhāvato cettha tathā-saddassatthadassane yathā-saddena attho vibhāvito. Tadeva vitthāreti <span class="bld">‘‘yathā vipassī bhagavā’’</span>tiādinā, vipassīādīnañcettha channaṃ sammāsambuddhānaṃ mahāpadānasuttādīsu (dī. ni. 2.4) sampahulaniddesena (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.sambahulaparicchedavaṇṇanā) supākaṭattā, āsannattā ca tesaṃ vasena taṃ paṭipadaṃ dassetīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Āgato yathā, tathā āgatoti sabbatra sambandho. <span class="bld">‘‘Kiṃ vuttaṃ hotī’’</span>tiādināpi tadeva paṭiniddisati. Tattha <span class="bld">yena abhinīhārenā</span>ti manussattaliṅgasampattihetusatthāradassanapabbajjāguṇasampattiadhikārachandānaṃ vasena aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatena mahāpaṇidhānena<a name="M1.0247"></a>. Sabbesañhi buddhānaṃ paṭhamapaṇidhānaṃ imināva nīhārena samijjhati. Abhinīhāroti cettha mūlapaṇidhānassetaṃ adhivacananti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ mahābhinīhāravasena ‘‘tathāgato’’ti padassa atthaṃ dassetvā idāni pāramīpūraṇavasenapi dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘atha vā’’</span>tiādimāha. ‘‘Ettha ca suttantikānaṃ mahābodhiyānapaṭipadāya kosallajananatthaṃ pāramīsu ayaṃ vitthārakathā’’tiādinā <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.7) yā pāramīsu vinicchayakathā vuttā, kiñcāpi sā amhehi idha vuccamānā ganthavitthārakarā viya bhavissati, yasmā panāyaṃ saṃvaṇṇanā etissaṃ pacchā pamādalekhavisodhanavasena, tadavasesatthapariyādānavasena ca pavattā, tasmā sāpi pāramīkathā idha vattabbāyevāti tato ceva cariyāpiṭakaṭṭhakathāto ca āharitvā yathārahaṃ gāthābandhehi samalaṅkaritvā atthamadhippāyañca visodhayamānā bhavissati. Kathaṃ?</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kā panetā pāramiyo, kenaṭṭhena katīvidhā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ko ca tāsaṃ kamo kāni, lakkhaṇādīni sabbathā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ko paccayo, saṃkileso, vodānaṃ paṭipakkhako;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paṭipattivibhāgo ca, saṅgaho sampadā tathā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kittakena <a name="V1.0216"></a> sampādanaṃ, ānisaṃso ca kiṃ phalaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pañhametaṃ vissajjitvā, bhavissati vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="unindented">Tatridaṃ vissajjanaṃ –</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kā panetā pāramiyo</span>ti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Taṇhāmānādimaññatra, upāyakusalena yā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ñāṇena pariggahitā, pāramī sā vibhāvitā.</p>
<p class="unindented">Taṇhāmānādinā hi anupahatā karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahitā dānādayo guṇasaṅkhātā etā kiriyā ‘‘pāramī’’ti vibhāvitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kenaṭṭhena pāramiyo</span>ti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Paramo uttamaṭṭhena, tassāyaṃ pāramī tathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kammaṃ bhāvoti dānādi, taddhitato tidhā matā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pūreti <a name="M1.0248"></a> mavati pare, paraṃ majjati mayati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Munāti minoti tathā, minātīti vā paramo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pāre majjati sodheti, mavati mayatīti vā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Māyeti taṃ vā munāti, minoti mināti tathā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pāramīti mahāsatto, vuttānusārato pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Taddhitatthattayeneva, pāramīti ayaṃ matā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dānasīlādiguṇavisesayogena hi sattuttamatāya mahābodhisatto <span class="bld">paramo,</span> tassa ayaṃ, bhāvo, kammanti vā <span class="bld">pāramī,</span> dānādikiriyā. Atha vā parati pūretīti <span class="bld">paramo</span> niruttinayena, dānādiguṇānaṃ pūrako, pālako ca bodhisatto, paramassa ayaṃ, bhāvo, kammaṃ vā <span class="bld">pāramī.</span> Apica <a name="V1.0217"></a> pare satte mavati attani bandhati guṇavisesayogena, paraṃ vā atirekaṃ majjati saṃkilesamalato, paraṃ vā seṭṭhaṃ nibbānaṃ visesena mayati gacchati, paraṃ vā lokaṃ pamāṇabhūtena ñāṇavisesena idhalokamiva munāti paricchindati, paraṃ vā ativiya sīlādiguṇagaṇaṃ attano santāne minoti pakkhipati, paraṃ vā attabhūtato dhammakāyato aññaṃ, paṭipakkhaṃ vā tadanatthakaraṃ kilesacoragaṇaṃ mināti hiṃsatīti <span class="bld">paramo,</span> mahāsatto, ‘‘paramassa aya’’ntiādinā vuttanayena <span class="bld">pāramī.</span> Pāre vā nibbāne majjati sujjhati, satte ca sodheti, tattha vā satte mavati bandhati yojeti, taṃ vā mayati gacchati, satte ca māyeti gameti, taṃ vā yāthāvato munāti paricchindati, tattha vā satte minoti pakkhipati, tattha vā sattānaṃ kilesāriṃ mināti hiṃsatīti <span class="bld">pāramī,</span> mahāsatto, ‘‘tassa aya’’ntiādinā dānādikiriyāva <span class="bld">pāramī</span>ti. Iminā nayena pāramīnaṃ vacanattho veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Katividhā</span>ti saṅkhepato dasavidhā, tā pana <span class="bld">buddhavaṃsapāḷiyaṃ</span> (bu. vaṃ. 1.76) sarūpato āgatāyeva. Yathāha ‘‘vicinanto tadādakkhiṃ, paṭhamaṃ dānapārami’’ntiādi (bu. vaṃ. 2.116). Yathā cāha –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Kati nu kho bhante buddhakārakā dhammāti? Dasa kho sāriputta buddhakārakā dhammā, katame dasa? Dānaṃ kho sāriputta buddhakārako dhammo, sīlaṃ nekkhammaṃ paññā vīriyaṃ khanti saccaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ <a name="M1.0249"></a> mettā upekkhā buddhakārako dhammo, ime kho sāriputta dasa buddhakārakā dhammāti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘Dānaṃ sīlañca nekkhammaṃ, paññāvīriyena pañcamaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Khantisaccamadhiṭṭhānaṃ, mettupekkhāti te dasā’ti’’. (bu. vaṃ. 1.76);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci pana ‘‘chabbidhā’’ti vadanti, taṃ etāsaṃ saṅgahavasena vuttaṃ. So pana saṅgaho parato āvi bhavissati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ko ca tāsaṃ kamo</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">kamo</span> nāma desanākkamo, so ca paṭhamasamādānahetuko, samādānaṃ pavicayahetukaṃ, iti yathā ādimhi paṭhamābhinīhārakāle pavicitā, samādinnā ca, tathā <a name="V1.0218"></a> desitā. Yathāha ‘‘vicinanto tadādakkhiṃ, paṭhamaṃ dānapārami’’ntiādi (bu. vaṃ. 2.116) tenetaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Paṭhamaṃ samādānatā-vasenāyaṃ kamo ruto;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atha vā aññamaññassa, bahūpakāratopi cā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha hi dānaṃ sīlassa bahūpakāraṃ, sukarañcāti taṃ ādimhi vuttaṃ. Dānaṃ pana sīlapariggahitaṃ mahapphalaṃ hoti mahānisaṃsanti dānānantaraṃ sīlaṃ vuttaṃ. Sīlaṃ nekkhammapariggahitaṃ…pe… nekkhammaṃ paññāpariggahitaṃ…pe… paññā vīriyapariggahitā…pe… vīriyaṃ khantipariggahitaṃ…pe… khanti saccapariggahitā…pe… saccaṃ adhiṭṭhānapariggahitaṃ…pe… adhiṭṭhānaṃ mettāpariggahitaṃ…pe… mettā upekkhāpariggahitā mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṃsāti mettānantaraṃ upekkhā vuttā. Upekkhā pana karuṇāpariggahitā, karuṇā ca upekkhāpariggahitāti veditabbā. Kathaṃ pana mahākāruṇikā bodhisattā sattesu upekkhakā hontīti? Upekkhitabbayuttakesu kañci kālaṃ upekkhakā honti, na pana sabbattha, sabbadā cāti keci. Apare pana na ca sattesu upekkhakā, sattakatesu pana vippakāresu upekkhakā hontīti, idamevettha yuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo nayo –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sabbasādhāraṇatādi-kāraṇehipi īritaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dānaṃ ādimhi sesā tu, purimepi apekkhakā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pacurajanesupi <a name="M1.0250"></a> hi pavattiyā sabbasattasādhāraṇattā, appaphalattā, sukarattā ca <span class="bld">dānaṃ</span> ādimhi vuttaṃ. Sīlena dāyakapaṭiggāhakasuddhito parānuggahaṃ vatvā parapīḷānivattivacanato, kiriyadhammaṃ vatvā akiriyadhammavacanato, bhogasampattihetuṃ vatvā bhavasampattihetuvacanato ca dānassānantaraṃ <span class="bld">sīlaṃ</span> vuttaṃ. Nekkhammena sīlasampattisiddhito, kāyavacīsucaritaṃ vatvā manosucaritavacanato, visuddhasīlassa sukheneva jhānasamijjhanato, kammāparādhappahānena payogasuddhiṃ vatvā kilesāparādhappahānena āsayasuddhivacanato, vītikkamappahāne ṭhitassa pariyuṭṭhānappahānavacanato ca sīlassānantaraṃ <span class="bld">nekkhammaṃ</span> vuttaṃ. Paññāya nekkhammassa siddhiparisuddhito, jhānābhāve paññābhāvavacanato. Samādhipadaṭṭhānā hi paññā, paññāpaccupaṭṭhāno <a name="V1.0219"></a> ca samādhi. Samathanimittaṃ vatvā upekkhānimittavacanato, parahitajjhānena parahitakaraṇūpāyakosallavacanato ca nekkhammassānantaraṃ <span class="bld">paññā</span> vuttā. Vīriyārambhena paññākiccasiddhito, sattasuññatādhammanijjhānakkhantiṃ vatvā sattahitāya ārambhassa acchariyatāvacanato, upekkhānimittaṃ vatvā paggahanimittavacanato, nisammakāritaṃ vatvā uṭṭhānavacanato ca. Nisammakārino hi uṭṭhānaṃ phalavisesamāvahatīti paññāyānantaraṃ <span class="bld">vīriyaṃ</span> vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vīriyena titikkhāsiddhito. Vīriyavā hi āraddhavīriyattā sattasaṅkhārehi upanītaṃ dukkhaṃ abhibhuyya viharati. Vīriyassa titikkhālaṅkārabhāvato. Vīriyavato hi titikkhā sobhati. Paggahanimittaṃ vatvā samathanimittavacanato, accārambhena uddhaccadosappahānavacanato. Dhammanijjhānakkhantiyā hi uddhaccadoso pahīyati. Vīriyavato sātaccakaraṇavacanato. Khantibahulo hi anuddhato sātaccakārī hoti. Appamādavato parahitakiriyārambhe paccupakārataṇhābhāvavacanato. Yāthāvato dhammanijjhāne hi sati taṇhā na hoti. Parahitārambhe paramepi parakatadukkhasahanatāvacanato ca vīriyassānantaraṃ <span class="bld">khanti</span> vuttā. Saccena khantiyā cirādhiṭṭhānato, apakārino apakārakhantiṃ vatvā tadupakārakaraṇe avisaṃvādavacanato, khantiyā apavādavācāvikampanena bhūtavāditāya avijahanavacanato, sattasuññatādhamma-nijjhānakkhantiṃ vatvā tadupabrūhitañāṇasaccassa vacanato ca khantiyānantaraṃ <span class="bld">saccaṃ</span> vuttaṃ. Adhiṭṭhānena saccasiddhito. Acalādhiṭṭhānassa hi virati sijjhati. Avisaṃvāditaṃ vatvā <a name="M1.0251"></a> tattha acalabhāvavacanato. Saccasandho hi dānādīsu paṭiññānurūpaṃ niccalo pavattati. Ñāṇasaccaṃ vatvā sambhāresu pavattiniṭṭhāpanavacanato. Yathābhūtañāṇavā hi bodhisambhāresu adhiṭṭhāti, te ca niṭṭhāpeti. Paṭipakkhehi akampiyabhāvato ca saccassānantaraṃ <span class="bld">adhiṭṭhānaṃ</span> vuttaṃ. Mettāya parahitakaraṇasamādānādhiṭṭhānasiddhito, adhiṭṭhānaṃ vatvā hitūpasaṃhāravacanato. Bodhisambhāre hi adhitiṭṭhamāno mettāvihārī hoti. Acalādhiṭṭhānassa samādānāvikopanena samādānasambhavato ca adhiṭṭhānassānantaraṃ <span class="bld">mettā</span> vuttā. Upekkhāya mettāvisuddhito, sattesu hitūpasaṃhāraṃ vatvā tadaparādhesu udāsīnatāvacanato, mettābhāvanaṃ vatvā tannissandabhāvanāvacanato, ‘‘hitakāmasattepi upekkhako’’ti acchariyaguṇatāvacanato ca mettāyānantaraṃ <span class="bld">upekkhā</span> vuttāti evametāsaṃ kamo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kāni lakkhaṇādīni sabbathā</span>ti ettha pana avisesena –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Paresamanuggahaṇaṃ<a name="V1.0220"></a>, <span class="bld">lakkhaṇa</span>nti pavuccati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Upakāro akampo ca, <span class="bld">raso</span> hitesitāpi ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Buddhattaṃ <span class="bld">paccupaṭṭhānaṃ,</span> dayā ñāṇaṃ pavuccati;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Padaṭṭhāna</span>nti tāsantu, paccekaṃ tāni bhedato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbāpi hi pāramiyo parānuggahalakkhaṇā, paresaṃ upakārakaraṇarasā, avikampanarasā vā, hitesitāpaccupaṭṭhānā, buddhattapaccupaṭṭhānā vā, mahākaruṇāpadaṭṭhānā, karuṇūpāyakosallapadaṭṭhānā vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Visesena pana yasmā karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahitā attupakaraṇapariccāgacetanā <span class="bld">dānapāramī.</span> Karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahitaṃ kāyavacīsucaritaṃ atthato akattabbavirati, kattabbakaraṇacetanādayo ca <span class="bld">sīlapāramī.</span> Karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahito ādīnavadassanapubbaṅgamo kāmabhavehi nikkhamanacittuppādo <span class="bld">nekkhammapāramī.</span> Karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahito dhammānaṃ sāmaññavisesalakkhaṇāvabodho <span class="bld">paññāpāramī.</span> Karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahito kāyacittehi parahitārambho <span class="bld">vīriyapāramī.</span> Karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahito sattasaṅkhārāparādhasahanasaṅkhāto adosappadhāno tadākārappavatto cittuppādo <span class="bld">khantipāramī.</span> Karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahitaṃ viraticetanādibhedaṃ avisaṃvādanaṃ <span class="bld">saccapāramī</span><a name="M1.0252"></a>. Karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahito acalasamādānādhiṭṭhānasaṅkhāto tadākārappavatto cittuppādo <span class="bld">adhiṭṭhānapāramī.</span> Karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahito lokassa hitasukhūpasaṃhāro atthato abyāpādo <span class="bld">mettāpāramī.</span> Karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahitā anunayapaṭighaviddhaṃsanasaṅkhātā iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu sattasaṅkhāresu samappavatti <span class="bld">upekkhāpāramī.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmā pariccāgalakkhaṇaṃ <span class="bld">dānaṃ,</span> deyyadhamme lobhaviddhaṃsanarasaṃ, anāsattipaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, bhavavibhavasampattipaccupaṭṭhānaṃ vā, pariccajitabbavatthupadaṭṭhānaṃ. Sīlanalakkhaṇaṃ <span class="bld">sīlaṃ,</span> samādhānalakkhaṇaṃ, patiṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ vāti vuttaṃ hoti. Dussīlyaviddhaṃsanarasaṃ, anavajjarasaṃ vā, soceyyapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, hirottappapadaṭṭhānaṃ. Kāmato, bhavato ca nikkhamanalakkhaṇaṃ <span class="bld">nekkhammaṃ,</span> tadādīnavavibhāvanarasaṃ, tatoyeva vimukhabhāvapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, saṃvegapadaṭṭhānaṃ. Yathāsabhāvapaṭivedhalakkhaṇā <span class="bld">paññā,</span> akkhalitapaṭivedhalakkhaṇā vā kusalissāsakhittausupaṭivedho viya, visayobhāsanarasā padīpo viya, asammohapaccupaṭṭhānā araññagatasudesako viya, samādhipadaṭṭhānā<a name="V1.0221"></a>, catusaccapadaṭṭhānā vā. Ussāhalakkhaṇaṃ <span class="bld">vīriyaṃ,</span> upatthambhanarasaṃ, asaṃsīdanapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, vīriyārambhavatthupadaṭṭhānaṃ, saṃvegapadaṭṭhānaṃ vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Khamanalakkhaṇā <span class="bld">khanti,</span> iṭṭhāniṭṭhasahanarasā, adhivāsanapaccupaṭṭhānā, avirodhapaccupaṭṭhānā vā, yathābhūtadassanapadaṭṭhānā. Avisaṃvādanalakkhaṇaṃ <span class="bld">saccaṃ,</span> yāthāvavibhāvanarasaṃ, sādhutāpaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, soraccapadaṭṭhānaṃ. Bodhisambhāresu adhiṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ <span class="bld">adhiṭṭhānaṃ,</span> tesaṃ paṭipakkhābhibhavanarasaṃ, tattha acalatāpaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, bodhisambhārapadaṭṭhānaṃ. Hitākārappavattilakkhaṇā <span class="bld">mettā,</span> hitūpasaṃhārarasā, āghātavinayanarasā vā, sommabhāvapaccupaṭṭhānā, sattānaṃ manāpabhāvadassanapadaṭṭhānā. Majjhattākārappavattilakkhaṇā <span class="bld">upekkhā,</span> samabhāvadassanarasā, paṭighānunayavūpasamapaccupaṭṭhānā, kammassakatāpaccavekkhaṇapadaṭṭhānā. Ettha ca karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahitatā dānādīnaṃ pariccāgādilakkhaṇassa visesanabhāvena vattabbā, yato tāni pāramīsaṅkhyaṃ labhanti. Na hi sammāsambodhiyādipatthanamaññatra akaruṇūpāyakosallapariggahitāni vaṭṭagāmīni dānādīni pāramīsaṅkhyaṃ labhantīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ko</span> <a name="M1.0253"></a> <span class="bld">paccayo</span>ti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Abhinīhāro ca tāsaṃ, dayā ñāṇañca paccayo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ussāhummaṅgavatthānaṃ, hitācārādayo tathā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Abhinīhāro tāva pāramīnaṃ sabbāsampi paccayo. Yo hi ayaṃ ‘‘manussattaṃ liṅgasampattī’’tiādi (bu. vaṃ. 2.59) aṭṭhadhammasamodhānasampādito ‘‘tiṇṇo tāreyyaṃ mutto moceyyaṃ, buddho bodheyyaṃ suddho sodheyyaṃ, danto dameyyaṃ, santo sameyyaṃ, assattho assāseyyaṃ, parinibbuto parinibbāpeyya’’ntiādinā pavatto <span class="bld">abhinīhāro,</span> so avisesena sabbapāramīnaṃ paccayo. Tappavattiyā hi uddhaṃ pāramīnaṃ pavicayupaṭṭhānasamādānādhiṭṭhānanipphattiyo mahāpurisānaṃ sambhavanti, abhinīhāro ca nāmesa atthato bhesamaṭṭhaṅgānaṃ samodhānena tathāpavatto cittuppādo, ‘‘aho vatāhaṃ anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjheyyaṃ, sabbasattānaṃ hitasukhaṃ nipphādeyya’’ntiādipatthanāsaṅkhāto acinteyyaṃ buddhabhūmiṃ, aparimāṇaṃ lokahitañca ārabbha pavattiyā sabbabuddhakārakadhammamūlabhūto paramabhaddako paramakalyāṇo aparimeyyappabhāvo puññavisesoti daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassa <a name="V1.0222"></a> ca uppattiyā saheva mahāpuriso mahābodhiyānapaṭipattiṃ otiṇṇo nāma hoti, niyatabhāvasamadhigamanato, tato ca anivattanasabhāvato ‘‘bodhisatto’’ti samaññaṃ labhati, sabbabhāgena sammāsambodhiyaṃ sammāsattamānasatā, bodhisambhāre sikkhāsamatthatā cassa santiṭṭhati. Yathāvuttābhinīhārasamijjhanena hi mahāpurisā sabbaññutaññāṇādhigamanapubbaliṅgena sayambhuñāṇena sammadeva sabbapāramiyo vicinitvā samādāya anukkamena paripūrenti, yathā taṃ katamahābhinīhāro sumedhapaṇḍito. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Handa buddhakare dhamme, vicināmi ito cito;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Uddhaṃ adho dasa disā, yāvatā dhammadhātuyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, paṭhamaṃ dānapārami’’nti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.115, 116); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Vitthāro. Lakkhaṇādito panesa sammadeva sammāsambodhipaṇidhānalakkhaṇo, ‘‘aho vatāhaṃ anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjheyyaṃ, sabbasattānaṃ <a name="M1.0254"></a> hitasukhaṃ nipphādeyya’’ntiādipatthanāraso, bodhisambhārahetubhāvapaccupaṭṭhāno, mahākaruṇāpadaṭṭhāno, upanissayasampattipadaṭṭhāno vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassa pana abhinīhārassa cattāro paccayā, cattāro hetū, cattāri ca balāni veditabbāni. Tattha katame <span class="bld">cattāro paccayā</span> mahābhinīhārāya? Idha mahāpuriso passati tathāgataṃ mahatā buddhānubhāvena acchariyabbhutaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ karontaṃ, tassa taṃ nissāya taṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā mahābodhiyaṃ cittaṃ santiṭṭhati ‘‘mahānubhāvā vatāyaṃ dhammadhātu, yassā suppaṭividdhattā bhagavā evaṃ acchariyabbhutadhammo, acinteyyānubhāvo cā’’ti, so tameva mahānubhāvadassanaṃ nissāya taṃ paccayaṃ katvā sambodhiyaṃ adhimuccanto tattha cittaṃ ṭhapeti, ayaṃ <span class="bld">paṭhamo paccayo</span> mahābhinīhārāya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Na heva kho passati tathāgatassa yathāvuttaṃ mahānubhāvataṃ, apica kho suṇāti ‘‘ediso ca ediso ca bhagavā’’ti, so taṃ nissāya taṃ paccayaṃ katvā sambodhiyaṃ adhimuccanto tattha cittaṃ ṭhapeti, ayaṃ <span class="bld">dutiyo paccayo</span> mahābhinīhārāya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Na heva kho passati tathāgatassa yathāvuttaṃ mahānubhāvataṃ, nāpi taṃ parato suṇāti, apica kho tathāgatassa dhammaṃ desentassa ‘‘dasabalasamannāgato bhikkhave, tathāgato’’tiādinā (saṃ. ni. 2.21) buddhānubhāvapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ <a name="V1.0223"></a> dhammaṃ suṇāti, so taṃ nissāya…pe… ayaṃ <span class="bld">tatiyo paccayo</span> mahābhinīhārāya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Na heva kho passati tathāgatassa yathāvuttaṃ mahānubhāvataṃ, nāpi taṃ parato suṇāti, nāpi tathāgatassa dhammaṃ suṇāti, apica kho uḷārajjhāsayo kalyāṇādhimuttiko ‘‘ahametaṃ buddhavaṃsaṃ buddhatantiṃ buddhapaveṇiṃ buddadhammataṃ paripālessāmī’’ti yāvadeva dhammaññeva sakkaronto garuṃ karonto mānento pūjento dhammaṃ apacayamāno taṃ nissāya…pe… ṭhapeti, ayaṃ <span class="bld">catuttho paccayo</span> mahābhinīhārāyāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Katame <a name="M1.0255"></a> <span class="bld">cattāro hetū</span> mahābhinīhārāya? Idha mahāpuriso pakatiyā upanissayasampanno hoti purimakesu buddhesu katādhikāro, ayaṃ <span class="bld">paṭhamo hetu</span> mahābhinīhārāya. Puna caparaṃ mahāpuriso pakatiyāpi karuṇājjhāsayo hoti karuṇādhimutto sattānaṃ dukkhaṃ apanetukāmo, apica attano kāyañca jīvitañca pariccaji, ayaṃ <span class="bld">dutiyo hetu</span> mahābhinīhārāya. Puna caparaṃ mahāpuriso sakalatopi vaṭṭadukkhato sattahitāya dukkaracariyato sucirampi kālaṃ ghaṭento vāyamanto anibbinno hoti anutrāsī, yāva icchitatthanipphatti, ayaṃ <span class="bld">tatiyo hetu</span> mahābhinīhārāya. Puna caparaṃ mahāpuriso kalyāṇamittasannissito hoti, yo ahitato naṃ nivāreti, hite patiṭṭhāpeti, ayaṃ <span class="bld">catuttho hetu</span> mahābhinīhārāya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyaṃ mahāpurisassa upanissayasampadā – ekantenevassa yathā ajjhāsayo sambodhininno hoti sambodhipoṇo sambodhipabbhāro, tathā sattānaṃ hitacariyāya, yato anena purimabuddhānaṃ santike sambodhiyā paṇidhānaṃ kataṃ hoti manasā, vācāya ca ‘‘ahampi ediso sammāsambuddho hutvā sammadeva sattānaṃ hitasukhaṃ nipphādeyya’’nti. Evaṃ sampannūpanissayassa panassa imāni upanissayasampattiyā liṅgāni sambhavanti, yehi samannāgatassa sāvakabodhisattehi, paccekabodhisattehi ca mahāviseso mahantaṃ nānākaraṇaṃ paññāyati indriyato, paṭipattito, kosallato ca. Idha hi upanissayasampanno mahāpuriso yathā visadindriyo hoti visadañāṇo, na tathā itare. Parahitāya paṭipanno hoti, no attahitāya. Tathā hi so yathā bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ paṭipajji, na tathā itare, tattha ca kosallaṃ āvahati ṭhānuppattikapaṭibhānena, ṭhānāṭhānakusalatāya ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā <a name="V1.0224"></a> mahāpuriso pakatiyā dānajjhāsayo hoti dānābhirato, sati deyyadhamme detiyeva, na dānato saṅkocaṃ āpajjati, satataṃ samitaṃ saṃvibhāgasīlo hoti, pamuditova deti ādarajāto, na udāsīnacitto, mahantampi dānaṃ datvā neva <a name="M1.0256"></a> dānena santuṭṭho hoti, pageva appaṃ. Paresañca ussāhaṃ janento dāne vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dānapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ dhammakathaṃ karoti, aññe ca paresaṃ dente disvā attamano hoti, bhayaṭṭhānesu ca paresaṃ abhayaṃ detīti evamādīni dānajjhāsayassa mahāpurisassa dānapāramiyā liṅgāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā pāṇātipātādīhi pāpadhammehi hirīyati ottappati, sattānaṃ aviheṭhanajātiko hoti, sorato sukhasīlo asaṭho amāyāvī ujujātiko subbaco sovacassakaraṇīyehi dhammehi samannāgato mudujātiko athaddho anatimānī, parasantakaṃ nādiyati antamaso tiṇasalākamupādāya, attano hatthe nikkhittaṃ iṇaṃ vā gahetvā paraṃ na visaṃvādeti, parasmiṃ vā attano santake byāmūḷhe, vissarite vā taṃ saññāpetvā paṭipādeti yathā taṃ na parahatthagataṃ hoti, aloluppo hoti, parapariggahitesu pāpakaṃ cittampi na uppādeti, itthibyasanādīni dūrato parivajjeti, saccavādī saccasandho bhinnānaṃ sandhātā sahitānaṃ anuppadātā piyavādī mihitapubbaṅgamo pubbabhāsī atthavādī dhammavādī anabhijjhālu abyāpannacitto aviparītadassano kammassakatāñāṇena, saccānulomikañāṇena ca, kataññū katavedī vuḍḍhāpacāyī suvisuddhājīvo dhammakāmo, paresampi dhamme samādapetā sabbena sabbaṃ akiccato satte nivāretā kiccesu patiṭṭhapetā attanā ca tattha kicce yogaṃ āpajjitā, katvā vā pana sayaṃ akattabbaṃ sīghaññeva tato paṭivirato hotīti evamādīni sīlajjhāsayassa mahāpurisassa sīlapāramiyā liṅgāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā mandakileso hoti mandanīvaraṇo pavivekajjhāsayo avikkhepabahulo, na tassa pāpakā vitakkā cittamanvāssavanti, vivekagatassa cassa appakasireneva cittaṃ samādhiyati, amittapakkhepi tuvaṭaṃ mettacittatā santiṭṭhati, pageva itarasmiṃ, satimā ca hoti cirakatampi cirabhāsitampi susaritā anussaritā, medhāvī ca hoti dhammojapaññāya samannāgato, nipako ca hoti tāsu tāsu itikattabbatāsu, āraddhavīriyo ca hoti sattānaṃ hitakiriyāsu, khantibalasamannāgato ca hoti sabbasaho, acalādhiṭṭhāno ca hoti daḷhasamādāno, ajjhupekkhako ca hoti upekkhāṭhānīyesu dhammesūti evamādīni mahāpurisassa nekkhammajjhāsayādīnaṃ vasena nekkhammapāramiyādīnaṃ liṅgāni veditabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evametehi <a name="V1.0225"></a><a name="M1.0257"></a> bodhisambhāraliṅgehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa yaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘mahābhinīhārāya kalyāṇamittasannissayo hetū’’ti, tatridaṃ saṅkhepato kalyāṇamittalakkhaṇaṃ – idha kalyāṇamitto saddhāsampanno hoti sīlasampanno sutasampanno cāgavīriyasatisamādhipaññāsampanno. Tattha saddhāsampattiyā saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ kammaṃ, kammaphalañca, tena sammāsambodhiyā hetubhūtaṃ sattesu hitesitaṃ na pariccajati. Sīlasampattiyā sattānaṃ piyo hoti manāpo garu bhāvanīyo codako pāpagarahiko vattā vacanakkhamo. Sutasampattiyā sattānaṃ hitasukhāvahaṃ gambhīraṃ dhammakathaṃ kattā hoti. Cāgasampattiyā appiccho hoti samāhito santuṭṭho pavivitto asaṃsaṭṭho. Vīriyasampattiyā āraddhavīriyo hoti sattānaṃ hitapaṭipattiyā. Satisampattiyā upaṭṭhitassatī hoti anavajjesu dhammesu. Samādhisampattiyā avikkhitto hoti samāhitacitto. Paññāsampattiyā aviparītaṃ pajānāti. So satiyā kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ gatiyo samanvesamāno paññāya sattānaṃ hitāhitaṃ yathābhūtaṃ jānitvā samādhinā tattha ekaggacitto hutvā vīriyena ahitā satte nisedhetvā hite niyojeti. Tenāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Piyo garu bhāvanīyo, vattā ca vacanakkhamo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Gambhīrañca kathaṃ kattā, no caṭṭhāne niyojako’’ti. (a. ni. 7.37; netti. 113);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ guṇasamannāgataṃva kalyāṇamittaṃ upanissāya mahāpuriso attano upanissayasampattiṃ sammadeva pariyodapeti. Suvisuddhāsayapayogova hutvā catūhi balehi samannāgato nacireneva aṭṭhaṅge samodhānetvā mahābhinīhāraṃ karonto bodhisattabhāve patiṭṭhahati anivattidhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassimāni <span class="bld">cattāri balāni ajjhattikabalaṃ</span> yā sammāsambodhiyaṃ attasannissayā dhammagāravena abhiruci ekantaninnajjhāsayatā, yāya mahāpuriso attādhipatilajjāsannissayo, abhinīhārasampanno ca hutvā pāramiyo pūretvā sammāsambodhiṃ pāpuṇāti. <span class="bld">Bāhirabalaṃ</span> yā sammāsambodhiyaṃ parasannissayā abhiruci ekantaninnajjhāsayatā, yāya mahāpuriso lokādhipatiottappanasannissayo, abhinīhārasampanno ca hutvā pāramiyo <a name="M1.0258"></a> pūretvā sammāsambodhiṃ pāpuṇāti. <span class="bld">Upanissayabalaṃ</span> yā sammāsambodhiyaṃ upanissayasampattiyā abhiruci ekantaninnajjhāsayatā, yāya mahāpuriso tikkhindriyo, visadadhātuko, satisannissayo, abhinīhārasampanno ca hutvā pāramiyo pūretvā sammāsambodhiṃ pāpuṇāti. <span class="bld">Payogabalaṃ</span> yā sammāsambodhiyā <a name="V1.0226"></a> tajjā payogasampadā sakkaccakāritā sātaccakāritā, yāya mahāpuriso visuddhapayogo, nirantarakārī, abhinīhārasampanno ca hutvā pāramiyo pūretvā sammāsambodhiṃ pāpuṇāti. Evamayaṃ catūhi paccayehi, catūhi hetūhi, catūhi ca balehi sampannasamudāgamo aṭṭhaṅgasamodhānasampādito abhinīhāro pāramīnaṃ paccayo hoti mūlakāraṇabhāvato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yassa ca pavattiyā mahāpurise <span class="bld">cattāro acchariyā abbhutā dhammā</span> patiṭṭhahanti, sabbaṃ sattanikāyaṃ attano orasaputtaṃ viya piyacittena pariggaṇhāti, na cassa cittaṃ puna saṃkilesavasena saṃkilissati, sattānaṃ hitasukhāvaho cassa ajjhāsayo, payogo ca hoti, attano ca buddhakārakadhammā uparūpari vaḍḍhanti, paripaccanti ca, yato mahāpuriso uḷāratarena puññābhisandena kusalābhisandena pavaḍḍhiyā [pavattiyā (cariyā. aṭṭha. pakiṇṇakakathā)] paccayena sukhassāhārena samannāgato sattānaṃ dakkhiṇeyyo uttamaṃ gāravaṭṭhānaṃ, asadisaṃ puññakkhettañca hoti. Evamanekaguṇo anekānisaṃso mahābhinīhāro pāramīnaṃ paccayoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā ca mahābhinīhāro, evaṃ mahākaruṇā, upāyakosallañca. Tattha <span class="bld">upāyakosallaṃ</span> nāma dānādīnaṃ bodhisambhārabhāvassa nimittabhūtā paññā, yāhi mahākaruṇūpāyakosallatāhi mahāpurisānaṃ attasukhanirapekkhatā, nirantaraṃ parasukhakaraṇapasutatā, sudukkarehi mahābodhisattacaritehi visādābhāvo, pasādasaṃvuddhidassanasavanānussaraṇāvatthāsupi sattānaṃ hitasukhapaṭilābhahetubhāvo ca sampajjati. Tathā hi tassa paññāya buddhabhāvasiddhi, karuṇāya buddhakammasiddhi. Paññāya sayaṃ tarati, karuṇāya pare tāreti. Paññāya paradukkhaṃ parijānāti, karuṇāya paradukkhapaṭikāraṃ ārabhati. Paññāya dukkhaṃ nibbindati, karuṇāya dukkhaṃ sampaṭicchati. Paññāya nibbānābhimukho hoti, karuṇāya <a name="M1.0259"></a> taṃ na pāpuṇāti. Tathā karuṇāya saṃsārābhimukho hoti, paññāya tatra nābhiramati. Paññāya sabbattha virajjati, karuṇānugatattā na ca na sabbesamanuggahāya pavatto, karuṇāya sabbepi anukampati, paññānugatattā na ca na sabbattha virattacitto. Paññāya ahaṃkāramamaṃkārābhāvo, karuṇāya ālasiyadīnatābhāvo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā paññākaruṇāhi yathākkamaṃ attanāthaparanāthatā, dhīravīrabhāvo, anattantapāparantapatā, attahitaparahitanipphatti, nibbhayābhīsanakabhāvo, dhammādhipatilokādhipatitā, kataññupubbakāribhāvo, mohataṇhāvigamo, vijjācaraṇasiddhi, balavesārajjanipphattīti sabbassāpi <a name="V1.0227"></a> pāramitāphalassa visesena upāyabhāvato paññā karuṇā pāramīnaṃ paccayo. Idaṃ pana dvayaṃ pāramīnaṃ viya paṇidhānassāpi paccayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā ussāhaummaṅgaavatthānahitacariyā ca pāramīnaṃ paccayoti veditabbo. Yā ca buddhabhāvassa uppattiṭṭhānatāya <span class="bld">‘‘buddhabhūmiyo’’</span>ti vuccanti. Tattha <span class="bld">ussāho</span> nāma bodhisambhārānaṃ abbhussāhanavīriyaṃ. Ummaṅgo nāma bodhisambhāresu upāyakosallabhūtā paññā. <span class="bld">Avatthānaṃ</span> nāma adhiṭṭhānaṃ, acalādhiṭṭhānatā. <span class="bld">Hitacariyā</span> nāma mettābhāvanā, karuṇābhāvanā ca. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Kati pana bhante, buddhabhūmiyoti? Catasso kho sāriputta, buddhabhūmiyo. Katamā catasso? Ussāho ca hoti vīriyaṃ, ummaṅgo ca hoti paññābhāvanā, avatthānañca hoti adhiṭṭhānaṃ, hitacariyā ca hoti mettābhāvanā. Imā kho sāriputta, catasso buddhabhūmiyo’’ti (su. ni. aṭṭha. 1.34).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā nekkhammapavivekaalobhādosāmohanissaraṇappabhedā ca <span class="bld">cha ajjhāsayā.</span> Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Nekkhammajjhāsayā ca bodhisattā kāmesu, gharāvāse ca dosadassāvino, pavivekajjhāsayā ca bodhisattā saṅgaṇikāya dosadassāvino. Alobha…pe… lobhe…pe… adosa…pe… dose…pe… amoha…pe… mohe…pe… nissaraṇa…pe… sabbabhavesu dosadassāvino’’ti (su. ni. aṭṭha. 1.34; visuddhi. 1.49).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmā <a name="M1.0260"></a> ete ca cha ajjhāsayāpi pāramīnaṃ paccayāti veditabbā. Na hi lobhādīsu ādīnavadassanena, alobhādīnaṃ adhikabhāvena ca vinā dānādipāramiyo sambhavanti. Alobhādīnañhi adhikabhāvena pariccāgādininnacittatā, alobhajjhāsayāditā cāti, yathā cete, evaṃ dānajjhāsayatādayopi. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Kati pana bhante bodhāya carantānaṃ bodhisattānaṃ ajjhāsayāti? Dasa kho sāriputta, bodhāya carantānaṃ bodhisattānaṃ ajjhāsayā. Katame dasa? Dānajjhāsayā sāriputta, bodhisattā macchere dosadassāvino. Sīla…pe… asaṃvare…pe… nekkhamma…pe… kāmesu…pe… yathābhūtañāṇa…pe… vicikicchāya.…Pe… vīriya <a name="V1.0228"></a> …pe… kosajje…pe… khanti…pe… akkhantiyaṃ…pe… sacca…pe… visaṃvādane…pe… adhiṭṭhāna…pe… anadhiṭṭhāne…pe… mettā…pe… byāpāde…pe… upekkhā…pe… sukhadukkhesu ādīnavadassāvino’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etesu hi maccheraasaṃvarakāmavicikicchākosajjaakkhantivisaṃvādanaanadhiṭṭhāna- byāpādasukhadukkhasaṅkhātesu ādīnavadassanapubbaṅgamā dānādininnacittatāsaṅkhātā dānajjhāsayatādayo dānādipāramīnaṃ nibbattiyā paccayo. Tathā apariccāgapariccāgādīsu yathākkamaṃ ādīnavānisaṃsapaccavekkhaṇampi dānādipāramīnaṃ paccayo hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyaṃ paccavekkhaṇāvidhi – khettavatthuhiraññasuvaṇṇagomahiṃ sadāsīdāsaputtadārādipariggahabyāsattacittānaṃ sattānaṃ khettādīnaṃ vatthukāmabhāvena bahupatthanīyabhāvato, rājacorādisādhāraṇabhāvato, vivādādhiṭṭhānato, sapattakaraṇato, nissārato, paṭilābhaparipālanesu paraviheṭhanahetubhāvato, vināsanimittañcasokādianekavihitabyasanāvahato tadāsattinidānañca maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitacittānaṃ apāyūpapattihetubhāvatoti evaṃ vividhavipulānatthāvahāni pariggahitavatthūni nāma, tesaṃ pariccāgoyeveko sotthibhāvoti pariccāge appamādo karaṇīyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica ‘‘yācako yācamāno attano guyhassa ācikkhanato mayhaṃ vissāsiko’’ti ca ‘‘pahāya gamanīyaṃ attano santakaṃ gahetvā paralokaṃ yāhītiupadisanato mayhaṃ upadesako’’ti ca ‘‘āditte viya <a name="M1.0261"></a> agāre maraṇagginā āditte loke tato mayhaṃ santakassa apaharaṇato apavāhakasahāyo’’ti ca ‘‘apavāhitassa cassa ajjhāpananikkhepaṭṭhānabhūto’’ti ca ‘‘dānasaṅkhāte kalyāṇakammasmiṃ sahāyabhāvato, sabbasampattīnaṃ aggabhūtāya paramadullabhāya buddhabhūmiyā sampattihetubhāvato ca paramo kalyāṇamitto’’ti ca paccavekkhitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā ‘‘uḷāre kammani anenāhaṃ sambhāvito, tasmā sā sambhāvanā avitathā kātabbā’’ti ca ‘‘ekantabheditāya jīvitassa āyācitenāpi mayā dātabbaṃ, pageva yācitenā’’ti ca ‘‘uḷārajjhāsayehi gavesitvāpi dātabbo, [dātabbato (cariyā. aṭṭha. pakiṇṇakakathāvaṇṇanā)] sayamevāgato mama puññenā’’ti ca ‘‘yācakassa dānāpadesena mayhamevāyamanuggaho’’ti ca ‘‘ahaṃ viya ayaṃ sabbopi loko mayā anuggahetabbo’’ti ca ‘‘asati yācake kathaṃ mayhaṃ dānapāramī pūreyyā’’ti ca ‘‘yācakānamevatthāya mayā sabbopi pariggahetabbo’’ti ca ‘‘ayācitvāpi maṃ mama santakaṃ yācakā kadā sayameva gaṇheyyu’’nti ca <a name="V1.0229"></a> ‘‘kathamahaṃ yācakānaṃ piyo cassaṃ manāpo’’ti ca ‘‘kathaṃ vā te mayhaṃ piyā cassu manāpā’’ti ca ‘‘kathaṃ vāhaṃ dadamāno datvāpi ca attamano assaṃ pamudito pītisomanassajāto’’ti ca ‘‘kathaṃ vā me yācakā bhaveyyuṃ, uḷāro ca dānajjhāsayo’’ti ca ‘‘kathaṃ vāhamayācito eva yācakānaṃ hadayamaññāya dadeyya’’nti ‘‘sati dhane, yācake ca apariccāgo mahatī mayhaṃ vañcanā’’ti ca ‘‘kathamahaṃ attano aṅgāni, jīvitañcāpi pariccajeyya’’nti ca cāganinnatā upaṭṭhapetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica ‘‘attho nāmāyaṃ nirapekkhaṃ dāyakamanugacchati yathā taṃ nirapekkhaṃ khepakaṃ kiṭako’’ti atthe nirapekkhatāya cittaṃ uppādetabbaṃ. Yācamāno pana yadi piyapuggalo hoti ‘‘piyo maṃ yācatī’’ti somanassaṃ uppādetabbaṃ. Atha udāsīnapuggalo hoti ‘‘ayaṃ maṃ yācamāno addhā iminā pariccāgena mitto hotī’’ti somanassaṃ uppādetabbaṃ. Dadanto hi yācakānaṃ piyo hotīti. Atha pana verīpuggalo yācati, ‘‘paccatthiko maṃ yācati, ayaṃ maṃ yācamāno addhā iminā pariccāgena verīpi piyo mitto hotī’’ti visesato somanassaṃ uppādetabbaṃ. Evaṃ <a name="M1.0262"></a> piyapuggale viya majjhattaverīpuggalesupi mettāpubbaṅgamaṃ karuṇaṃ upaṭṭhapetvāva dātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sace panassa cirakālaṃ paribhāvitattā lobhassa deyyadhammavisayā lobhadhammā uppajjeyyuṃ, tena bodhisattapaṭiññena iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ ‘‘nanu tayā sappurisa sambodhāya abhinīhāraṃ karontena sabbasattānamupakārāya ayaṃ kāyo nissaṭṭho, tappariccāgamayañca puññaṃ, tattha nāma te bāhirepi vatthusmiṃ abhisaṅgappavatti hatthisinānasadisī hoti, tasmā tayā na katthaci abhisaṅgo uppādetabbo. Seyyathāpi nāma mahato bhesajjarukkhassa tiṭṭhato mūlaṃ mūlatthikā haranti, papaṭikaṃ, tacaṃ, khandhaṃ, viṭapaṃ, sākhaṃ, palāsaṃ, pupphaṃ, phalaṃ phalatthikā haranti, na tassa rukkhassa ‘mayhaṃ santakaṃ ete harantī’ti vitakkasamudācāro hoti, evameva sabbalokahitāya ussukkamāpajjantena mayā mahādukkhe akataññuke niccāsucimhi kāye paresaṃ upakārāya viniyujjamāne aṇumattopi micchāvitakko na uppādetabbo. Ko vā ettha viseso ajjhattikabāhiresu mahābhūtesu ekantabhedanavikiraṇaviddhaṃsanadhammesu. Kevalaṃ pana sammohavijambhitametaṃ, yadidaṃ ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti abhiniveso, tasmā bāhiresu mahābhūtesu viya ajjhattikesupi karacaraṇanayanādīsu, maṃsādīsu ca anapekkhena hutvā ‘taṃ tadatthikā harantū’ti nissaṭṭhacittena bhavitabba’’nti. Evaṃ paṭisañcikkhato cassa sambodhāya pahitattassa kāyajīvitesu nirapekkhassa appakasireneva kāyavacīmanokammāni <a name="V1.0230"></a> suvisuddhāni honti, so visuddhakāyavacīmanokammanto visuddhājīvo ñāyapaṭipattiyaṃ ṭhito āyāpāyupāyakosallasamannāgamena bhiyyoso mattāya deyyadhammapariccāgena, abhayadānasaddhammadānehi ca sabbasatte anuggaṇhituṃ samattho hoti, ayaṃ tāva <span class="bld">dānapāramiyaṃ</span> paccavekkhaṇānayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sīlapāramiyaṃ</span> pana evaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ – ‘‘idañhi sīlaṃ nāma gaṅgodakādīhi visodhetuṃ asakkuṇeyyassa dosamalassa vikkhālanajalaṃ, haricandanādīhi vinetuṃ asakkuṇeyyassa rāgādipariḷāhassa vinayanaṃ, muttāhāramakuṭakuṇḍalādīhi pacurajanālaṅkārehi asādhāraṇo sādhūnamalaṅkāraviseso, sabbadisāvāyanako atikittimo [sabbadisāvāyanato akittimo (cariyā. aṭṭha. pakiṇṇakakathāvaṇṇanā; dī. ni. ṭī. 1.7)] sabbakālānurūpo <a name="M1.0263"></a> ca surabhigandho, khattiyamahāsālādīhi, devatāhi ca vandanīyādibhāvāvahanato paramo vasīkaraṇamanto, cātumahārājikādidevalokārohaṇasopānapanti, jhānābhiññānaṃ adhigamūpāyo, nibbānamahānagarassa sampāpakamaggo, sāvakabodhipaccekabodhisammāsambodhīnaṃ patiṭṭhānabhūmi, yaṃ yaṃ vā panicchitaṃ patthitaṃ, tassa tassa samijjhanūpāyabhāvato cintāmaṇikapparukkhādike ca atiseti. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘ijjhati bhikkhave, sīlavato cetopaṇidhi visuddhattā’’ti (dī. ni. 3.337; saṃ. ni. 4.352; a. ni. 8.35). Aparampi vuttaṃ ‘‘ākaṅkheyya ce bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīnaṃ piyo ca assaṃ manāpo ca garu ca bhāvanīyo cāti, sīlesvevassa paripūrakārī’’tiādi (ma. ni. 1.65). Tathā ‘‘avippaṭisāratthāni kho ānanda kusalāni sīlānī’’ti, (a. ni. 10.1; 11.1) ‘‘pañcime gahapatayo, ānisaṃsā sīlavato sīlasampadāyā’’tiādisuttānañca (dī. ni. 2.150; a. ni. 5.213; udā. 76; mahāva. 385) vasena sīlaguṇā paccavekkhitabbā. Tathā aggikkhandhopamasuttādīnaṃ (a. ni. 7.72) vasena sīlavirahe ādīnavā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica pītisomanassanimittato, attānuvādaparānuvādadaṇḍaduggatibhayābhāvato, viññūhi pāsaṃsabhāvato, avippaṭisārahetuto, paramasotthiṭṭhānato, kulasāpateyyādhipateyyajīvitarūpaṭṭhānabandhumittasampattīnaṃ atisayanato ca sīlaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ. Sīlavato hi attano sīlasampadāhetu mahantaṃ pītisomanassaṃ uppajjati ‘‘kataṃ vata mayā kusalaṃ, kataṃ kalyāṇaṃ, kataṃ bhīruttāṇa’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā <a name="V1.0231"></a> sīlavato attā na upavadati, na ca pare viññū, daṇḍaduggatibhayānañca sambhavoyeva natthi, ‘‘sīlavā purisapuggalo kalyāṇadhammo’’ti viññūnaṃ pāsaṃso ca hoti. Tathā sīlavato yvāyaṃ ‘‘kataṃ vata mayā pāpaṃ, kataṃ luddaṃ, kataṃ kibbisa’’nti dussīlassa vippaṭisāro uppajjati, so na hoti. Sīlañca nāmetaṃ appamādādhiṭṭhānato, bhogabyasanādiparihāramukhena mahato atthassa sādhanato, maṅgalabhāvato, paramaṃ sotthiṭṭhānaṃ. Nihīnajaccopi sīlavā khattiyamahāsālādīnaṃ pūjanīyo hotīti kulasampattiṃ atiseti sīlasampadā, ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi <a name="M1.0264"></a> mahārāja, idha te assa dāso kammakaro’’tiādi (dī. ni. 1.183) vakkhamānasāmaññasuttavacanañcettha sādhakaṃ, corādīhi asādhāraṇato, paralokānugamanato, mahapphalabhāvato, samathādiguṇādhiṭṭhānato ca bāhiradhanaṃ sāpateyyaṃ atiseti sīlaṃ. Paramassa cittissariyassa adhiṭṭhānabhāvato khattiyādīnamissariyaṃ atiseti sīlaṃ. Sīlanimittañhi taṃtaṃsattanikāyesu sattānamissariyaṃ, vassasatādidīghappamāṇato ca jīvitato ekāhampi sīlavato jīvitassa visiṭṭhatāvacanato, satipi jīvite sikkhānikkhipanassa maraṇatāvacanato ca sīlaṃ jīvitato visiṭṭhataraṃ. Verīnampi manuññabhāvāvahanato, jarārogavipattīhi anabhibhavanīyato ca rūpasampattiṃ atiseti sīlaṃ. Pāsādahammiyādiṭṭhānappabhede rājayuvarājasenāpatiādiṭhānavisese ca sukhavisesādhiṭṭhānabhāvato atiseti sīlaṃ. Sabhāvasiniddhe santikāvacarepi bandhujane, mittajane ca ekantahitasampādanato, paralokānugamanato ca atiseti sīlaṃ. ‘‘Na taṃ mātā pitā kayirā’’tiādi (dha. pa. 43) vacanañcettha sādhakaṃ. Tathā hatthiassarathapattibalakāyehi, mantāgadasotthānapayogehi ca durārakkhānamanāthānaṃ attādhīnato, anaparādhīnato, mahāvisayato ca ārakkhabhāvena sīlameva visiṭṭhataraṃ. Tenevāha ‘‘dhammo have rakkhati dhammacāri’’ntiādi (theragā. 303; jā. 1.10.102). Evamanekaguṇasamannāgataṃ sīlanti paccavekkhantassa aparipuṇṇā ceva sīlasampadā pāripūriṃ gacchati, aparisuddhā ca pārisuddhiṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sace panassa dīgharattaṃ paricayena sīlapaṭipakkhadhammā dosādayo antarantarā uppajjeyyuṃ, tena bodhisattapaṭiññena evaṃ paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ ‘‘nanu tayā bodhāya paṇidhānaṃ kataṃ, sīlavekallena ca na sakkā na ca sukarā lokiyāpi sampattiyo pāpuṇituṃ, pageva lokuttarā’’ti. Sabbasampattīnamaggabhūtāya sammāsambodhiyā adhiṭṭhānabhūtena sīlena paramukkaṃsagatena bhavitabbaṃ, tasmā ‘‘kikīva aṇḍa’’ntiādinā (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.7; visuddhi. 1.19) vuttanayena sammadeva sīlaṃ rakkhantena suṭṭhu tayā pesalena bhavitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica <a name="V1.0232"></a><a name="M1.0265"></a> tayā dhammadesanāya yānattaye sattānamavatāraṇaparipācanāni kātabbāni, sīlavekallassa ca vacanaṃ na paccetabbaṃ hoti, asappāyāhāravicārassa viya vejjassa tikicchanaṃ, tasmā ‘‘kathāhaṃ saddheyyo hutvā sattānamavatāraṇaparipācanāni kareyya’’nti sabhāvaparisuddhasīlena bhavitabbaṃ. Kiñca jhānādiguṇavisesayogena me sattānamupakārakaraṇasamatthatā, paññāpāramīādiparipūraṇañca jhānādayo guṇā ca sīlapārisuddhiṃ vinā na sambhavantīti sammadeva sīlaṃ sodhetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā ‘‘sambādho gharāvāso rajopatho’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.111; ma. ni. 1.291, 371; 2.10; 3.13, 218; saṃ. ni. 2.154; 5.1002; a. ni. 10.99; netti. 94) gharāvāse, ‘‘aṭṭhikaṅkalūpamā kāmā’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 1.234; 2.42; pāci. 417; cūḷani. 147) ‘‘mātāpi puttena vivadatī’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 1.168) ca kāmesu, ‘‘seyyathāpi puriso iṇaṃ ādāya kammante payojeyyā’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 1.426) kāmacchandādīsu ādīnavadassanapubbaṅgamā, vuttavipariyāyena ‘‘abbhokāso pabbajjā’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.191, 398; ma. ni. 1.291, 371; 2.10; 3.13, 218; saṃ. ni. 1.291; saṃ. ni. 5.1002; a. ni. 10.99; netti. 98) pabbajjādīsu ānisaṃsāpaṭisaṅkhāvasena <span class="bld">nekkhammapāramiyaṃ</span> paccavekkhaṇā kātabbā. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro pana dukkhakkhandhaāsivisopamasuttādi (ma. ni. 1.163, 175; saṃ. ni. 4.238) vasena veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā ‘‘paññāya vinā dānādayo dhammā na visujjhanti, yathāsakaṃ byāpārasamatthā ca na hontī’’ti paññāya guṇā manasi kātabbā. Yatheva hi jīvitena vinā sarīrayantaṃ na sobhati, na ca attano kiriyāsu paṭipattisamatthaṃ hoti. Yathā ca cakkhādīni indriyāni viññāṇena vinā yathāsakaṃ visayesu kiccaṃ kātuṃ nappahonti, evaṃ saddhādīni indriyāni paññāya vinā sakakiccapaṭipattiyamasamatthānīti pariccāgādipaṭipattiyaṃ paññā padhānakāraṇaṃ. Ummīlitapaññācakkhukā hi mahāsattā bodhisattā attano aṅgapaccaṅgānipi datvā anattukkaṃsakā, aparavambhakā ca honti, bhesajjarukkhā viya vikapparahitā kālattayepi somanassajātā. Paññāvasena hi upāyakosallayogato pariccāgo parahitapavattiyā dānapāramibhāvaṃ upeti. Attatthañhi dānaṃ muddhasadisaṃ [vuddhisadisaṃ (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.7)] hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā <a name="V1.0233"></a><a name="M1.0266"></a> paññāya abhāvena taṇhādisaṃkilesāviyogato sīlassa visuddhiyeva na sambhavati, kuto sabbaññuguṇādhiṭṭhānabhāvo. Paññavā eva ca gharāvāse kāmaguṇesu saṃsāre ca ādīnavaṃ, pabbajjāya jhānasamāpattiyaṃ nibbāne ca ānisaṃsaṃ suṭṭhu sallakkhento pabbajitvā jhānasamāpattiyo nibbattetvā nibbānaninno, pare ca tattha patiṭṭhapeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vīriyañca paññārahitaṃ yathicchitamatthaṃ na sādheti durārambhabhāvato. Anārambhoyeva hi durārambhato seyyo, paññāsahitena pana vīriyena na kiñci duradhigamaṃ upāyapaṭipattito. Tathā paññavā eva parāpakārādīnamadhivāsakajātiyo hoti, na duppañño. Paññāvirahitassa ca parehi upanītā apakārā khantiyā paṭipakkhameva anubrūhenti. Paññavato pana te khantisampattiyā anubrūhanavasena assā thirabhāvāya saṃvattanti. Paññavā eva tīṇipi saccāni tesaṃ kāraṇāni paṭipakkhe ca yathābhūtaṃ jānitvā paresaṃ avisaṃvādako hoti. Tathā paññābalena attānamupatthambhetvā dhitisampadāya sabbapāramīsu acalasamādānādhiṭṭhāno hoti. Paññavā eva ca piyamajjhattaverivibhāgamakatvā sabbattha hitūpasaṃhārakusalo hoti. Tathā paññāvasena lābhālābhādilokadhammasannipāte nibbikāratāya majjhatto hoti. Evaṃ sabbāsaṃ pāramīnaṃ paññāva pārisuddhihetūti <span class="bld">paññāguṇā</span> paccavekkhitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica paññāya vinā na dassanasampatti, antarena ca diṭṭhisampadaṃ na sīlasampadā, sīladiṭṭhisampadārahitassa ca na samādhisampadā, asamāhitena ca na sakkā attahitamattampi sādhetuṃ, pageva ukkaṃsagataṃ parahitanti. ‘‘Nanu tayā parahitāya paṭipannena sakkaccaṃ paññāpārisuddhiyā āyogo karaṇīyo’’ti bodhisattena attā ovaditabbo. Paññānubhāvena hi mahāsatto caturadhiṭṭhānādhiṭṭhito catūhi saṅgahavatthūhi lokaṃ anuggaṇhanto satte niyyānamagge avatāreti, indriyāni ca nesaṃ paripāceti. Tathā paññābalena khandhāyatanādīsu pavicayabahulo pavattinivattiyo yāthāvato parijānanto dānādayo guṇavisese nibbedhabhāgiyabhāvaṃ nayanto bodhisattasikkhāya paripūrakārī hotīti evamādinā anekākāravokāre paññāguṇe vavatthapetvā paññāpāramī anubrūhetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā <a name="M1.0267"></a> dissamānapārānipi lokiyāni kammāni nihīnavīriyena pāpuṇitumasakkuṇeyyāni, agaṇitakhedena pana āraddhavīriyena duradhigamaṃ nāma natthi. Nihīnavīriyo hi ‘‘saṃsāramahoghato sabbasatte santāressāmī’’ti ārabhitumeva na sakkuṇoti. Majjhimo pana ārabhitvāna <a name="V1.0234"></a> antarāvosānamāpajjati. Ukkaṭṭhavīriyo pana attasukhanirapekkho ārabhitvā pāramadhigacchatīti vīriyasampatti paccavekkhitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica ‘‘yassa attano eva saṃsārapaṅkato samuddharaṇatthamārambho, tassāpi vīriyassa sithilabhāvena manorathānaṃ matthakappatti na sakkā sambhāvetuṃ, pageva sadevakassa lokassa samuddharaṇatthaṃ katābhinīhārenā’’ti ca ‘‘rāgādīnaṃ dosagaṇānaṃ mattamahānāgānamiva dunnivāraṇabhāvato, tannidānānañca kammasamādānānaṃ ukkhittāsikavadhakasadisabhāvato, tannimittānañca duggatīnaṃ sabbadā vivaṭamukhabhāvato, tattha niyojakānañca pāpamittānaṃ sadā sannihitabhāvato, tadovādakāritāya ca vasalassa puthujjanabhāvassa sati sambhave yuttaṃ sayameva saṃsāradukkhato nissaritu’’nti ca ‘‘micchāvitakkā vīriyānubhāvena dūrī bhavantī’’ti ca ‘‘yadi pana sambodhiṃ attādhīnena vīriyena sakkā samadhigantuṃ, kimettha dukkara’’nti ca evamādinā nayena <span class="bld">vīriyaguṇā</span> paccavekkhitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā ‘‘khanti nāmāyaṃ niravasesaguṇapaṭipakkhassa kodhassa vidhamanato guṇasampādane sādhūnaṃ appaṭihatamāyudhaṃ, parābhibhavane samatthānamalaṅkāro, samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ balasampadā, kodhaggivinayanā udakadhārā, kalyāṇakittisaddassa sañjātideso, pāpapuggalānaṃ vacīvisavūpasamakaro mantāgado, saṃvare ṭhitānaṃ paramā dhīrapakati, gambhīrāsayatāya sāgaro, dosamahāsāgarassa velā, apāyadvārassa pidhānakavāṭaṃ devabrahmalokānaṃ ārohaṇasopānaṃ, sabbaguṇānamadhivāsabhūmi, uttamā kāyavacīmanovisuddhī’’ti manasi kātabbaṃ. Apica ‘‘ete sattā khantisampattiyā abhāvato idhaloke tapanti, paraloke ca tapanīyadhammānuyogato’’ti ca ‘‘yadipi parāpakāranimittaṃ dukkhaṃ uppajjati, tassa pana dukkhassa khettabhūto attabhāvo, bījabhūtañca kammaṃ mayāva abhisaṅkhata’’nti ca ‘‘tassa ca dukkhassa āṇaṇyakaraṇameta’’nti ca ‘‘apakārake asati kathaṃ mayhaṃ khantisampadā sambhavatī’’ti ca ‘‘yadipāyaṃ etarahi apakārako<a name="M1.0268"></a>, ayaṃ nāma pubbe anena mayhaṃ upakāro kato’’ti ca ‘‘apakāro eva vā khantinimittatāya upakāro’’ti ca ‘‘sabbepime sattā mayhaṃ puttasadisā, puttakatāparādhesu ca ko kujjhissatī’’ti ca ‘‘yena kodhabhūtāvesena ayaṃ mayhaṃ aparajjhati, svāyaṃ kodhabhūtāveso mayā vinetabbo’’ti ca ‘‘yena apakārena idaṃ mayhaṃ dukkhaṃ uppannaṃ, tassa ahampi nimitta’’nti ca ‘‘yehi dhammehi apakāro kato, yattha ca kato, sabbepi te tasmiṃyeva khaṇe niruddhā, kassidāni kena kopo kātabbo’’ti ca ‘‘anattatāya sabbadhammānaṃ ko kassa aparajjhatī’’ti ca paccavekkhantena khantisampadā brūhetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi <a name="V1.0235"></a> panassa dīgharattaṃ paricayena parāpakāranimittako kodho cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭheyya, tena iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ ‘‘khanti nāmesā parāpakārassa paṭipakkhapaṭipattīnaṃ paccupakārakāraṇa’’nti ca ‘‘apakāro ca mayhaṃ dukkhuppādanena dukkhupanisāya saddhāya, sabbaloke anabhiratisaññāya ca paccayo’’ti ca ‘‘indriyapakatiresā, yadidaṃ iṭṭhāniṭṭhavisayasamāyogo, tattha aniṭṭhavisayasamāyogo mayhaṃ na siyāti taṃ kutettha labbhā’’ti ca ‘‘kodhavasiko satto kodhena ummatto vikkhittacitto, tattha kiṃ paccapakārenā’’ti ca ‘‘sabbepime sattā sammāsambuddhena orasaputtā viya paripālitā, tasmā na tattha mayā cittakopo kātabbo’’ti ca ‘‘aparādhake ca sati guṇe guṇavati mayā kopo na kātabbo’’ti ca ‘‘asati guṇe kassacipi guṇassābhāvato visesena karuṇāyitabbo’’ti ca ‘‘kopena mayhaṃ guṇayasā nihīyantī’’ti ca ‘‘kujjhanena mayhaṃ dubbaṇṇadukkhaseyyādayo sapattakantā āgacchantī’’ti ca ‘‘kodho ca nāmāyaṃ sabbadukkhāhitakārako sabbasukhahitavināsako balavā paccatthiko’’ti ca ‘‘sati ca khantiyā na koci paccatthiko’’ti ca ‘‘aparādhakena aparādhanimittaṃ yaṃ dukkhaṃ āyatiṃ laddhabbaṃ, sati ca khantiyā mayhaṃ tadabhāvo’’ti ca ‘‘cintentena, kujjhantena ca mayā paccatthikoyeva anuvattito’’ti ca ‘‘kodhe ca mayā khantiyā abhibhūte tassa dāsabhūto paccatthiko sammadeva abhibhūto’’ti ca ‘‘kodhanimittaṃ khantiguṇapariccāgo mayhaṃ na yutto’’ti ca ‘‘sati ca kodhe guṇavirodhapaccanīkadhamme kathaṃ me sīlādidhammā pāripūriṃ gaccheyyuṃ, asati ca tesu kathāhaṃ sattānaṃ upakārabahulo <a name="M1.0269"></a> paṭiññānurūpaṃ uttamaṃ sampattiṃ pāpuṇissāmī’’ti ca ‘‘khantiyā ca sati bahiddhā vikkhepābhāvato samāhitassa sabbe saṅkhārā aniccato dukkhato sabbe dhammā anattato nibbānaṃ asaṅkhatāmatasantapaṇītatādibhāvato nijjhānaṃ khamanti, ‘buddhadhammā ca acinteyyāparimeyyappabhavā’ti’’, tato ca ‘‘anulomikakhantiyaṃ ṭhito ‘kevalā ime attattaniyabhāvarahitā dhammamattā yathāsakaṃ paccayehi uppajjanti vinassanti, na kutoci āgacchanti, na kuhiñci gacchanti, na ca katthaci patiṭṭhitā, na cettha koci kassaci byāpāro’ti ahaṃkāramamaṃkārānadhiṭṭhānatā nijjhānaṃ khamati, yena bodhisatto bodhiyā niyato anāvattidhammo hotī’’ti evamādinā <span class="bld">khantipāramiyā</span> paccavekkhaṇā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā ‘‘saccena vinā sīlādīnamasambhavato, paṭiññānurūpapaṭipattiyā abhāvato, saccadhammātikkame ca sabbapāpadhammānaṃ samosaraṇabhāvato, asaccasandhassa appaccayikabhāvato, āyatiñca anādeyyavacanatāvahanato, sampannasaccassa sabbaguṇādhiṭṭhānabhāvato, saccādhiṭṭhānena sabbasambodhisambhārānaṃ pārisuddhipāripūrisamanvāyato, sabhāvadhammāvisaṃvādanena sabbabodhisambhārakiccakaraṇato<a name="V1.0236"></a>, bodhisattapaṭipattiyā ca parinipphattito’’tiādinā <span class="bld">saccapāramiyā</span> sampattiyo paccavekkhitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā ‘‘dānādīsu daḷhasamādānaṃ, tappaṭipakkhasannipāte ca nesaṃ acalādhiṭṭhānaṃ, tattha ca dhīravīrabhāvaṃ vinā na dānādisambhārā sambodhinimittā sambhavantī’’tiādinā <span class="bld">adhiṭṭhānaguṇā</span> paccavekkhitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā ‘‘attahitamatte avatiṭṭhantenāpi sattesu hitacittataṃ vinā na sakkā idhalokaparalokasampattiyo pāpuṇituṃ, pageva sabbasatte nibbānasampattiyaṃ patiṭṭhāpetukāmenā’’ti ca ‘‘pacchā sabbasattānaṃ lokuttarasampattimākaṅkhantena idāni lokiyasampattimākaṅkhā yuttarūpā’’ti ca ‘‘idāni āsayamattena paresaṃ hitasukhūpasaṃhāraṃ kātumasakkonto kadā payogena taṃ sādhayissāmī’’ti ca ‘‘idāni mayā hitasukhūpasaṃhārena saṃvaddhitā pacchā dhammasaṃvibhāgasahāyā mayhaṃ bhavissantī’’ti ca ‘‘etehi vinā na mayhaṃ bodhisambhārā sambhavanti, tasmā sabbabuddhaguṇavibhūtinipphattikāraṇattā mayhaṃ ete paramaṃ puññakkhettaṃ anuttaraṃ kusalāyatanaṃ uttamaṃ <a name="M1.0270"></a> gāravaṭṭhāna’’nti ca ‘‘savisesaṃ sabbesupi sattesu hitajjhāsayatā paccupaṭṭhapetabbā, kiñca karuṇādhiṭṭhānatopi sabbasattesu mettā anubrūhetabbā. Vimariyādīkatena hi cetasā sattesu hitasukhūpasaṃhāraniratassa tesaṃ ahitadukkhāpanayanakāmatā balavatī uppajjati daḷhamūlā, karuṇā ca sabbesaṃ buddhakārakadhammānaṃ ādi caraṇaṃ patiṭṭhā mūlaṃ mukhaṃ pamukha’’nti evamādinā <span class="bld">mettāguṇā</span> paccavekkhitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā ‘‘upekkhāya abhāve sattehi katā vippakārā cittassa vikāraṃ uppādeyyuṃ, sati ca cittavikāre dānādisambhārānaṃ sambhavo eva natthī’’ti ca ‘‘mettāsinehena sinehite citte upekkhāya vinā sambhārānaṃ pārisuddhi na hotī’’ti ca ‘‘anupekkhako saṅkhāresu puññasambhāraṃ, tabbipākañca sattahitatthaṃ pariṇāmetuṃ na sakkotī’’ti ca upekkhāya abhāve deyyadhammapaṭiggāhakānaṃ vibhāgamakatvā pariccajituṃ na sakkotī’’ti ca ‘‘upekkhārahitena jīvitaparikkhārānaṃ, jīvitassa vā antarāyaṃ amanasikaritvā sīlavisodhanaṃ kātuṃ na sakkā’’ti ca tathā ‘‘upekkhāvasena aratiratisahasseva nekkhammabalasiddhito, upapattito ikkhanavaseneva sabbasambhārakiccanipphattito, accāraddhavīriyassa anupekkhane padhānakiccākaraṇato, upekkhato eva titikkhānijjhānasambhavato, upekkhāvasena sattasaṅkhārānaṃ avisaṃvādanato, lokadhammānaṃ ajjhupekkhanena samādinnadhammesu acalādhiṭṭhānasiddhito, parāpakārādīsu <a name="V1.0237"></a> anābhogavaseneva mettāvihāranipphattitoti sabbasambodhisambhārānaṃ samādānādhiṭṭhānapāripūrinipphattiyo upekkhānubhāvena sampajjantī’’ti evamādinā nayena <span class="bld">upekkhāpāramī</span> paccavekkhitabbā. Evaṃ apariccāgapariccāgādīsu yathākkamaṃ ādīnavānisaṃsapaccavekkhaṇā dānādipāramīnaṃ paccayoti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā saparikkhārā pañcadasa caraṇadhammā pañca ca abhiññāyo. Tattha <span class="bld">caraṇadhammā</span> nāma sīlasaṃvaro, indriyesu guttadvāratā, bhojane mattaññutā jāgariyānuyogo, satta saddhammā, cattāri jhānāni ca. Tesu <span class="bld">sīlādīnaṃ</span> catunnaṃ terasapi dhutaṅgadhammā, appicchatādayo ca parikkhārā. Saddhammesu <span class="bld">saddhāya</span> buddhadhammasaṅghasīlacāgadevatupasamānussati lūkhapuggalaparivajjanā, siniddhapuggalasevanā, sampasādanīyadhammapaccavekkhaṇā, tadadhimuttatā ca parikkhārā. Hirottappānaṃ akusalādīnavapaccavekkhaṇā, apāyādīnavapaccavekkhaṇā<a name="M1.0271"></a>, kusaladhammūpatthambhabhāvapaccavekkhaṇā, hirottapparahitapuggalaparivajjanā, hirottappasampannapuggalasevanā, tadadhimuttatā ca. <span class="bld">Bāhusaccassa</span> pubbayogo, paripucchakabhāvo, saddhammābhiyogo, anavajjavijjāṭṭhānādiparicayo, paripakkindriyatā, kilesadūrībhāvo, appassutapuggalaparivajjanā bahussutapuggalasevanā, tadadhimuttatā ca. <span class="bld">Vīriyassa</span> apāyabhayapaccavekkhaṇā, gamanavīthipaccavekkhaṇā, dhammamahattapaccavekkhaṇā, thinamiddhavinodanā, kusītapuggalaparivajjanā, āraddhavīriyapuggalasevanā, sammappadhānapaccavekkhaṇā, tadadhimuttatā ca. <span class="bld">Satiyā</span> satisampajaññaṃ, muṭṭhassatipuggalaparivajjanā upaṭṭhitassatipuggalasevanā, tadadhimuttatā ca. Paññāya paripucchakabhāvo, vatthuvisadakiriyā, indriyasamattapaṭipādanā, duppaññapuggalaparivajjanā, paññavantapuggalasevanā, gambhīrañāṇacariyasuttantapaccavekkhaṇā, dhammamahattapaccavekkhaṇā, tadadhimuttatā ca. <span class="bld">Catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ</span> sīlādicatukkaṃ, aṭṭhatiṃsāya ārammaṇesu pubbabhāgabhāvanā, āvajjanādivasībhāvakaraṇañca parikkhārā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha sīlādīhi payogasuddhiyā sattānaṃ abhayadāne, āsayasuddhiyā āmisadāne, ubhayasuddhiyā dhammadāne samatthohotītiādinā caraṇādīnaṃ dānādisambhārapaccayatā yathārahaṃ niddhāretabbā. Ativitthārabhayena pana mayaṃ na vitthārayimha. Tathā sampatticakkādayopi dānādīnaṃ paccayoti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ko saṃkileso</span>ti ettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Taṇhādīhi <a name="V1.0238"></a> parāmaṭṭha-bhāvo tāsaṃ kilissanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sāmaññato visesena, yathārahaṃ vikappatā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Avisesena hi taṇhādīhi parāmaṭṭhabhāvo pāramīnaṃ saṃkileso. Visesena pana deyyadhammapaṭiggāhakavikappā dānapāramiyā saṃkileso. Sattakālavikappā sīlapāramiyā. Kāmabhavatadupasamesu abhiratianabhirativikappā nekkhammapāramiyā. ‘‘Ahaṃ mamā’’ti vikappā paññāpāramiyā. Līnuddhaccavikappā vīriyapāramiyā. Attaparavikappā khantipāramiyā. Adiṭṭhādīsu diṭṭhādivikappā saccapāramiyā. Bodhisambhāratabbipakkhesu dosaguṇavikappā adhiṭṭhānapāramiyā. Hitāhitavikappā mettāpāramiyā. Iṭṭhāniṭṭhavikappā upekkhāpāramiyā saṃkilesoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kiṃ</span> <a name="M1.0272"></a> <span class="bld">vodāna</span>nti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Taṇhādīhi aghātatā, rahitatā vikappānaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vodānanti vijāniyā, sabbāsameva tāsampi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Anupaghātā hi taṇhā māna diṭṭhi kodhu panāha makkha palāsa issāmacchariya māyā sāṭheyya thambha sārambha mada pamādādīhi kilesehi deyyapaṭiggāhakavikappādirahitā ca dānādipāramiyo parisuddhā pabhassarā bhavantīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ko paṭipakkho</span>ti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Akusalā kilesā ca, paṭipakkhā abhedato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhedato pana pubbepi, vuttā macchariyādayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Avisesena hi sabbepi akusalā dhammā, sabbepi kilesā ca etāsaṃ paṭipakkhā. Visesena pana pubbe vuttā macchariyādayoti veditabbā. Apica deyyapaṭiggāhakadānaphalesu alobhādosāmohaguṇayogato lobhadosamohapaṭipakkhaṃ dānaṃ, kāyādidosattayavaṅkāpagamato lobhādipaṭipakkhaṃ sīlaṃ, kāmasukhaparūpaghātaattakilamathaparivajjanato dosattayapaṭipakkhaṃ nekkhammaṃ, lobhādīnaṃ andhīkaraṇato, ñāṇassa ca anandhīkaraṇato lobhādipaṭipakkhā paññā, alīnānuddhatañāyārambhavasena <a name="V1.0239"></a> lobhādipaṭipakkhaṃ vīriyaṃ, iṭṭhāniṭṭhasuññatānaṃ khamanato lobhādipaṭipakkhā khanti, satipi paresaṃ upakāre, apakāre ca yathābhūtappavattiyā lobhādipaṭipakkhaṃ saccaṃ, lokadhamme abhibhuyya yathāsamādinnesu sambhāresu acalanato lobhādipaṭipakkhaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ, nīvaraṇavivekato lobhādipaṭipakkhā mettā, iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu anunayapaṭighaviddhaṃsanato, samappavattito ca lobhādipaṭipakkhā upekkhāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kā paṭipattī</span>ti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dānākārādayo eva, uppāditā anekadhā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paṭipattīti viññeyyā, pāramīpūraṇakkame.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dānapāramiyā hi tāva sukhūpakaraṇasarīrajīvitapariccāgena, bhayāpanayanena, dhammopadesena ca bahudhā sattānaṃ anuggahakaraṇaṃ paṭipatti. Tattha <a name="M1.0273"></a> āmisadānaṃ abhayadānaṃ dhammadānanti dātabbavatthuvasena tividhaṃ dānaṃ. Tesu bodhisattassa dātabbavatthu ajjhattikaṃ, bāhiranti duvidhaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">bāhiraṃ</span> annaṃ pānaṃ vatthaṃ yānaṃ mālā gandhaṃ vilepanaṃ seyyā āvasathaṃ padīpeyyanti dasavidhaṃ. Annādīnaṃ khādanīyabhojanīyādivibhāgena anekavidhañca. Tathā rūpārammaṇaṃ yāva dhammārammaṇanti ārammaṇato chabbidhaṃ. Rūpārammaṇādīnañca nīlādivibhāgena anekavidhaṃ. Tathā maṇikanakarajatamuttāpavāḷādikhettavatthuārāmādi dāsīdāsagomahiṃsādinānāvidhavatthūpakaraṇavasena anekavidhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha mahāpuriso bāhiraṃ vatthuṃ dento ‘‘yo yena atthiko, taṃ tasseva deti. Dento ca tassa atthiko’’ti sayameva jānanto ayācitopi deti, pageva yācito. Muttacāgo deti, no amuttacāgo. Pariyattaṃ deti, no apariyattaṃ. Sati deyyadhamme paccupakārasannissito na deti, asati deyyadhamme, pariyatte ca saṃvibhāgārahaṃ vibhajati. Na ca deti parūpaghātāvahaṃ satthavisamajjādikaṃ, nāpi kīḷanakaṃ, yaṃ anatthupasaṃhitaṃ, pamādāvahañca, na ca gilānassa yācakassa pānabhojanādiasappāyaṃ, pamāṇarahitaṃ vā deti, pamāṇayuttaṃ pana sappāyameva deti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā yācito gahaṭṭhānaṃ gahaṭṭhānucchavikaṃ deti, pabbajitānaṃ pabbajitānucchavikaṃ deti. Mātāpitaro ñātisālohitā mittāmaccā puttadāradāsakammakarāti etesu kassaci pīḷaṃ ajanento deti, na ca uḷāraṃ deyyadhammaṃ paṭijānitvā lūkhaṃ deti, na ca lābhasakkārasilokasannissito <a name="V1.0240"></a> deti, na ca paccupakārasannissito deti, na ca phalapāṭikaṅkhī deti aññatra sammāsambodhiyā, na ca yācito, deyyadhammaṃ vā jigucchanto deti, na ca asaññatānaṃ yācakānaṃ akkosakaparibhāsakānampi apaviddhā dānaṃ deti, aññadatthu pasannacitto anukampanto sakkaccameva deti, na ca kotūhalamaṅgaliko hutvā deti, kammaphalameva pana saddahanto deti, nāpi yācake payirupāsanādīhi saṃkilametvā deti, aparikilamento eva pana deti, na ca paresaṃ vañcanādhippāyo, bhedādhippāyo vā dānaṃ deti, asaṃkiliṭṭhacittova deti, nāpi pharusavāco bhākuṭikamukho dānaṃ deti, piyavādī ca pana pubbabhāsī mihitasitavacano hutvā deti, yasmiṃ ce deyyadhamme uḷāramanuññatāya vā ciraparicayena <a name="M1.0274"></a> vā gedhasabhāvatāya vā lobhadhammo adhimatto hoti, jānanto bodhisatto taṃ khippameva paṭivinodayitvā yācake pariyesetvāpi deti, yañca deyyavatthu parittaṃ, yācakopi paccupaṭṭhito, taṃ acintetvā api attānaṃ dhāvitvā dento yācakaṃ sammāneti yathā taṃ akittipaṇḍito, na ca mahāpuriso attano puttadāradāsakammakaraporise yācito te asaññāpite domanassappatte yācakānaṃ deti, sammadeva pana saññāpite somanassappatte deti, dento ca yakkharakkhasapisācādīnaṃ vā manussānaṃ vā kurūrakammantānaṃ jānanto na deti, tathā rajjampi tādisānaṃ na deti, ye lokassa ahitāya dukkhāya anatthāya paṭipajjanti, ye pana dhammikā dhammena lokaṃ pālenti, tesaṃ rajjadānaṃ deti. Evaṃ tāva bāhiradāne paṭipatti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ajjhattikadāna</span>mpi dvīhākārehi veditabbaṃ. Kathaṃ? Yathā nāma koci puriso ghāsacchādanahetu attānaṃ parassa nissajjati, vidheyyabhāvaṃ upagacchati dāsabyaṃ, evameva mahāpuriso sambodhihetu nirāmisacitto sattānaṃ anuttaraṃ hitasukhaṃ icchanto attano dānapāramiṃ paripūretukāmo attānaṃ parassa nissajjati, vidheyyabhāvaṃ upagacchati yathākāmakaraṇīyataṃ, karacaraṇanayanādiaṅgapaccaṅgaṃ tena tena atthikānaṃ akampito alīno anuppadeti, na tattha sajjati, na saṅkocaṃ āpajjati yathā taṃ bāhiravatthusmiṃ. Tathā hi mahāpuriso dvīhākārehi bāhiravatthuṃ pariccajati yathāsukhaṃ paribhogāya vā yācakānaṃ, tesaṃ manorathaṃ pūrento attano vasībhāvāya vā. Tattha sabbena sabbaṃ muttacāgo evamāha ‘‘nissaṅgabhāvenāhaṃ sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissāmī’’ti, evaṃ ajjhattikavatthusmimpi veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yaṃ ajjhattikavatthu diyyamānaṃ yācakassa ekanteneva hitāya saṃvattati, taṃ deti, na itaraṃ. Na ca mahāpuriso mārassa, mārakāyikānaṃ vā devatānaṃ vihiṃsādhippāyānaṃ attano attabhāvaṃ<a name="V1.0241"></a>, aṅgapaccaṅgāni vā jānamāno deti ‘‘mā tesaṃ anattho ahosī’’ti. Yathā ca mārakāyikānaṃ, evaṃ tehi anvāviṭṭhānampi na deti, nāpi ummattakānaṃ, itaresaṃ pana yāciyamāno samanantarameva deti tādisāya yācanāya dullabhabhāvato, tādisassa ca dānassa dukkarabhāvato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Abhayadānaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0275"></a> pana rājato corato aggito udakato verīpuggalato sīhabyagghādivāḷamigato nāgayakkharakkhasapisācādito sattānaṃ bhaye paccupaṭṭhite tato parittāṇabhāvena dātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhammadānaṃ</span> pana asaṃkiliṭṭhacittassa aviparītadhammadesanā. Opāyiko hi tassa upadeso diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthavasena, yena sāsane anotiṇṇānaṃ avatāraṇaṃ otiṇṇānaṃ paripācanaṃ. Tatthāyaṃ nayo – saṅkhepato tāva dānakathā sīlakathā saggakathā kāmānaṃ ādīnavo saṃkileso okāro ca nekkhamme ānisaṃso. Vitthārato pana sāvakabodhiyaṃ adhimuttacittānaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ, sīlasaṃvaro, indriyesu guttadvāratā, bhojane mattaññutā, jāgariyānuyogo, satta saddhammā, aṭṭhatiṃsāya ārammaṇesu kammakaraṇavasena samathānuyogo, rūpamukhādīsu vipassanābhinivesesu yathārahaṃ abhinivesanamukhena vipassanānuyogo, tathā visuddhipaṭipadāya sammattagahaṇaṃ, tisso vijjā, cha abhiññā, catasso paṭisambhidā, sāvakabodhīti etesaṃ guṇasaṃkittanavasena yathārahaṃ tattha tattha patiṭṭhāpanā, pariyodapanā ca. Tathā paccekabodhiyaṃ, sammāsambodhiyañca adhimuttacittānaṃ yathārahaṃ dānādipāramīnaṃ sabhāvasarasalakkhaṇādisaṃkittanamukhena tīsupi avatthābhedesu tesaṃ buddhānaṃ mahānubhāvatāvibhāvanena yānadvaye patiṭṭhāpanā, pariyodapanā ca. Evaṃ mahāpuriso sattānaṃ dhammadānaṃ deti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā mahāpuriso āmisadānaṃ dento ‘‘imināhaṃ dānena sattānaṃ āyuvaṇṇasukhabalapaṭibhānādisampattiñca ramaṇīyaṃ aggaphalasampattiñca nipphādeyya’’nti <span class="bld">annaṃ</span> deti, tathā sattānaṃ kāmakilesapipāsavūpasamāya <span class="bld">pānaṃ</span> deti, tathā suvaṇṇavaṇṇatāya, hirottappālaṅkārassa ca nipphattiyā <span class="bld">vatthāni</span> deti, tathā iddhividhassa ceva nibbānasukhassa ca nipphattiyā <span class="bld">yānaṃ</span> deti, tathā sīlagandhanipphattiyā <span class="bld">gandhaṃ</span> deti, tathā buddhaguṇasobhānipphattiyā <span class="bld">mālāvilepanaṃ</span> deti, tathā bodhimaṇḍāsananipphattiyā <span class="bld">āsanaṃ</span> deti, tathāgataseyyanipphattiyā <span class="bld">seyyaṃ</span> deti, saraṇabhāvanipphattiyā <span class="bld">āvasathaṃ</span> deti, pañcacakkhupaṭilābhāya <span class="bld">padīpeyyaṃ</span> deti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Byāmappabhānipphattiyā <a name="V1.0242"></a> <span class="bld">rūpadānaṃ</span> deti, brahmassaranipphattiyā <span class="bld">saddadānaṃ</span> deti, sabbalokassa piyabhāvāya <span class="bld">rasadānaṃ</span> deti, buddhasukhumālabhāvāya <span class="bld">phoṭṭhabbadānaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0276"></a> deti, ajarāmaraṇabhāvāya bhesajjadānaṃ deti, kilesadāsabyavimocanatthaṃ dāsānaṃ bhujissatādānaṃ deti, saddhammābhiratiyā anavajjakhiḍḍāratihetudānaṃ deti, sabbepi satte ariyāya jātiyā attano puttabhāvūpanayanāya puttadānaṃ deti, sakalassāpi lokassa patibhāvūpagamanāya dāradānaṃ deti, subhalakkhaṇasampattiyā suvaṇṇamaṇimuttāpavāḷādidānaṃ, anubyañjanasampattiyā nānāvidhavibhūsanadānaṃ, saddhammakosādhigamāya vittakosadānaṃ, dhammarājabhāvāya rajjadānaṃ, dānādisampattiyā ārāmuyyānādivanadānaṃ, cakkaṅkitehi pādehi bodhimaṇḍūpasaṅkamanāya caraṇadānaṃ, caturoghanittharaṇe sattānaṃ saddhammahatthadānatthaṃ hatthadānaṃ, saddhindriyādipaṭilābhāya kaṇṇanāsādidānaṃ, samantacakkhupaṭilābhāya cakkhudānaṃ, ‘‘dassanasavanānussaraṇapāricariyādīsu sabbakālaṃ sabbasattānaṃ hitasukhāvaho sabbalokena ca upajīvitabbo me kāyo bhaveyyā’’ti maṃsalohitādidānaṃ. ‘‘Sabbalokuttamo bhaveyya’’nti uttamaṅgadānaṃ deti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ dadanto ca na anesanāya deti, na paropaghātena, na bhayena, na lajjāya, na dakkhiṇeyyarosanena, na paṇīte sati lūkhaṃ, na attukkaṃsanena, na paravambhanena, na phalābhikaṅkhāya, na yācakajigucchāya, na acittīkārena, atha kho sakkaccaṃ deti, sahatthena deti, kālena deti, cittiṃ katvā deti, avibhāgena deti, tīsu kālesu somanassiko deti, tato eva ca datvā na pacchānutāpī hoti, na paṭiggāhakavasena mānāvamānaṃ karoti, paṭiggāhakānaṃ piyasamudācāro hoti vadaññū yācayogo saparivāradāyako. Annadānañhi dento ‘‘taṃ saparivāraṃ katvā dassāmī’’ti vatthādīhi saddhiṃ deti, tathā vatthadānaṃ dento ‘‘taṃ saparivāraṃ katvā dassāmī’’ti annādīhi saddhiṃ deti. Pānadānādīsupi eseva nayo, tathā rūpadānaṃ dento itarārammaṇānipi tassa parivāraṃ katvā deti, evaṃ sesesupi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha rūpadānaṃ nāma nīlapītalohitodātādivaṇṇādīsu pupphavatthadhātūsu aññataraṃ labhitvā rūpavasena ābhujitvā ‘‘rūpadānaṃ dassāmi, rūpadānaṃ mayha’’nti cintetvā tādise dakkhiṇeyye dānaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti, etaṃ <span class="bld">rūpadānaṃ</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Saddadānaṃ <a name="M1.0277"></a> pana bherīsaddādivasena veditabbaṃ. Tattha saddaṃ kandamūlāni viya uppāṭetvā, nīluppalahatthakaṃ viya ca hatthe ṭhapetvā dātuṃ na sakkoti, savatthukaṃ pana katvā dadanto saddadānaṃ deti nāma, tasmā yadā ‘‘saddadānaṃ dassāmī’’ti bherīmudiṅgādīsu aññatarena tūriyena tiṇṇaṃ <a name="V1.0243"></a> ratanānaṃ upahāraṃ karoti, kāreti ca, ‘‘saddadānaṃ dassāmi, saddadānaṃ me’’ti bherīādīni ṭhapāpeti, dhammakathikānaṃ pana saddabhesajjaṃ, telaphāṇitādīni ca deti, dhammassavanaṃ ghoseti, sarabhaññaṃ bhaṇati, dhammakathaṃ katheti, upanisinnakathaṃ, anumodanakathañca karoti, kāreti ca, tadā <span class="bld">saddadānaṃ</span> nāma hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā mūlagandhādīsu aññataraṃ rajanīyaṃ gandhavatthuṃ, pisitameva vā gandhaṃ yaṃ kiñci labhitvā gandhavasena ābhujitvā ‘‘gandhadānaṃ dassāmi, gandhadānaṃ mayha’’nti buddharatanādīnaṃ pūjaṃ karoti, kāreti ca, gandhapūjanatthāya agarucandanādike gandhavatthuke pariccajati, idaṃ <span class="bld">gandhadānaṃ.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā mūlarasādīsu yaṃ kiñci rajanīyaṃ rasavatthuṃ labhitvā rasavasena ābhujitvā ‘‘rasadānaṃ dassāmi, rasadānaṃ mayha’’nti dakkhiṇeyyānaṃ deti, rasavatthumeva vā aññaṃ gavādikaṃ pariccajati, idaṃ <span class="bld">rasadānaṃ.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā phoṭṭhabbadānaṃ mañcapīṭhādivasena, attharaṇapāvuraṇādivasena ca veditabbaṃ. Yadā hi mañcapīṭhabhisibibbohanādikaṃ, nivāsanapārupanādikaṃ vā sukhasamphassaṃ rajanīyaṃ anavajjaṃ phoṭṭhabbavatthuṃ labhitvā phoṭṭhabbavasena ābhujitvā ‘‘phoṭṭhabbadānaṃ dassāmi, phoṭṭhabbadānaṃ mayha’’nti dakkhiṇeyyānaṃ deti. Yathāvuttaṃ phoṭṭhabbavatthuṃ labhitvā pariccajati, etaṃ <span class="bld">phoṭṭhabbadānaṃ.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Dhammadānaṃ pana dhammārammaṇassa adhippetattā ojāpānajīvitavasena veditabbaṃ. Ojādīsu hi aññataraṃ rajanīyaṃ dhammavatthuṃ labhitvā dhammārammaṇavasena ābhujitvā ‘‘dhammadānaṃ dassāmi, dhammadānaṃ mayha’’nti sappinavanītādi <span class="bld">ojadānaṃ</span> deti, ambapānādiaṭṭhavidhaṃ <span class="bld">pānadānaṃ</span> deti, <span class="bld">jīvitadāna</span>nti ābhujitvā salākabhattapakkhikabhattādīni deti. Aphāsukabhāvena abhibhūtānaṃ byādhikānaṃ vejjaṃ paṭṭhapeti, jālaṃ phālāpeti, kumīnaṃ viddhaṃsāpeti, sakuṇapañjaraṃ viddhaṃsāpeti, bandhanena baddhānaṃ sattānaṃ bandhanamokkhaṃ kāreti, māghātabheriṃ carāpeti, aññānipi sattānaṃ jīvitaparittāṇatthaṃ evarūpāni kammāni karoti, kārāpeti ca, idaṃ <span class="bld">dhammadānaṃ</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbampetaṃ <a name="M1.0278"></a> yathāvuttadānasampadaṃ sakalalokahitasukhāya pariṇāmeti attano ca akuppāya vimuttiyā aparikkhayassa chandassa aparikkhayassa vīriyassa aparikkhayassa samādhissa aparikkhayassa paṭibhānassa aparikkhayassa jhānassa aparikkhayāya sammāsambodhiyā pariṇāmeti<a name="V1.0244"></a>, imañca dānapāramiṃ paṭipajjantena mahāsattena jīvite aniccasaññā paccupaṭṭhapetabbā. Tathā bhogesu, bahusādhāraṇatā ca nesaṃ manasi kātabbā, sattesu ca mahākaruṇā satataṃ samitaṃ paccupaṭṭhapetabbā. Evañhi bhogehi gahetabbasāraṃ gaṇhanto ādittato viya agārato sabbaṃ sāpateyyaṃ, attānañca bahi nīharanto na kiñci seseti, na katthaci vibhāgaṃ karoti, aññadatthu nirapekkho nissajjati eva. Ayaṃ tāva <span class="bld">dānapāramiyā</span> paṭipattikkamo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sīlapāramiyā</span> pana ayaṃ paṭipattikkamo – yasmā sabbaññusīlālaṅkārehi satte alaṅkaritukāmena mahāpurisena ādito attano eva tāva sīlaṃ visodhetabbaṃ. Tattha catūhākārehi sīlaṃ visujjhati ajjhāsayavisuddhito, samādānato, avītikkamanato, sati vītikkame puna pākaṭīkaraṇato ca. Visuddhāsayatāya hi ekacco attādhipati hutvā pāpajigucchanasabhāvo ajjhattaṃ hiridhammaṃ paccupaṭṭhapetvā suparisuddhasamācāro hoti, tathā parato samādāne sati ekacco lokādhipati hutvā pāpato uttasanto ottappadhammaṃ paccupaṭṭhapetvā suparisuddhasamācāro hoti, iti ubhayathāpi ete avītikkamanato sīle patiṭṭhahanti. Atha ca pana kadāci satisammosena sīlassa khaṇḍādibhāvo siyā, tāyayeva yathāvuttāya hirottappasampattiyā khippameva naṃ vuṭṭhānādinā paṭipākatikaṃ karontīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tayidaṃ sīlaṃ vārittaṃ cārittanti duvidhaṃ. Tatthāyaṃ bodhisattassa vārittasīle paṭipattikkamo – tena sabbasattesu tathā dayāpannacittena bhavitabbaṃ, yathā supinantenapi na āghāto uppajjeyya, parūpakaraṇaviratatāya parasantako alagaddo viya na parāmasitabbo. Sace pabbajito hoti, abrahmacariyatopi ārācārī hoti sattavidhamethunasaṃyogavirato, pageva paradāragamanato. Gahaṭṭho samāno paresaṃ dāresu sadā pāpakaṃ cittampi na uppādeti. Kathento saccaṃ hitaṃ piyaṃ parimitameva ca kālena dhammiṃ kathaṃ bhāsitā hoti. Sabbattha anabhijjhālu<a name="M1.0279"></a>, abyāpannacitto, aviparītadassano kammassakatāñāṇena ca samannāgato. Samaggatesu sammāpaṭipannesu niviṭṭhasaddho hoti niviṭṭhapemoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iti caturāpāyavaṭṭadukkhānaṃ pathabhūtehi akusalakammapathehi, akusaladhammehi ca oramitvā saggamokkhānaṃ pathabhūtesu kusalakammapathesu, kusaladhammesu ca patiṭṭhitassa mahāpurisassa parisuddhāsayapayogato yathābhipatthitā sattānaṃ hitasukhūpasañhitā manorathā sīghaṃ sīghaṃ abhinipphajjanti, pāramiyo paripūrenti. Evaṃbhūto hi ayaṃ. Tattha hiṃsānivattiyā sabbasattānaṃ <a name="V1.0245"></a> abhayadānaṃ deti, appakasireneva mettābhāvanaṃ sampādeti, ekādasa mettānisaṃse adhigacchati, appābādho hoti appātaṅko, dīghāyuko sukhabahulo, lakkhaṇavisese pāpuṇāti, dosavāsanañca samucchindati. Tathā adinnādānanivattiyā corādīhi asādhāraṇe bhoge adhigacchati, parehi anāsaṅkanīyo, piyo, manāpo, vissāsanīyo, bhavasampattīsu alaggacitto pariccāgasīlo, lobhavāsanañca samucchindati. Abrahmacariyanivattiyā alobho hoti santakāyacitto, sattānaṃ piyo hoti manāpo aparisaṅkanīyo, kalyāṇo cassa kittisaddo abbhuggacchati, alaggacitto hoti mātugāmesu aluddhāsayo, nekkhammabahulo, lakkhaṇavisese adhigacchati, lobhavāsanañca samucchindati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Musāvādanivattiyā sattānaṃ pamāṇabhūto hoti paccayiko theto ādeyyavacano devatānaṃ piyo manāpo surabhigandhamukho asaddhammārakkhitakāyavacīsamācāro, lakkhaṇavisese adhigacchati, kilesavāsanañca samucchindati. Pesuññanivattiyā parūpakkamehi abhejjakāyo hoti abhejjaparivāro, saddhamme ca abhejjanakasaddho, daḷhamitto bhavantaraparicitānampi sattānaṃ ekantapiyo, asaṃkilesabahulo. Pharusavācānivattiyā sattānaṃ piyo hoti manāpo sukhasīlo madhuravacano sambhāvanīyo, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato cassa saro nibbattati. Samphappalāpanivattiyā sattānaṃ piyo hoti manāpo, garubhāvanīyo ca, ādeyyavacano parimitālāpo, mahesakkho ca hoti <a name="M1.0280"></a> mahānubhāvo, ṭhānuppattikena paṭibhānena pañhābyākaraṇakusalo, buddhabhūmiyañca ekāya eva vācāya anekabhāsānaṃ sattānaṃ anekesaṃ pañhānaṃ byākaraṇasamattho hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Anabhijjhālutāya akicchalābhī hoti, uḷāresu ca bhogesu ruciṃ paṭilabhati, khattiyamahāsālādīnaṃ sammato hoti, paccatthikehi anabhibhavanīyo, indriyavekallaṃ na pāpuṇāti, appaṭipuggalo ca hoti. Abyāpādena piyadassano hoti sattānaṃ sambhāvanīyo, parahitābhinanditāya ca satte appakasireneva pasādeti, alūkhasabhāvo ca hoti mettāvihārī, mahesakkho ca hoti mahānubhāvo. Micchādassanābhāvena kalyāṇe sahāye paṭilabhati, sīsacchedaṃ pāpuṇantopi pāpakammaṃ na karoti, kammassakatādassanato akotūhalamaṅgaliko ca hoti, saddhamme cassa saddhā patiṭṭhitā hoti mūlajātā, saddahati ca tathāgatānaṃ bodhiṃ, samayantaresu nābhiramati ukkāraṭṭhāne rājahaṃso viya, lakkhaṇattayavijānane kusalo hoti, ante ca anāvaraṇañāṇalābhī, yāva ca bodhiṃ na pāpuṇāti, tāva tasmiṃ tasmiṃ sattanikāye ukkaṭṭhukkaṭṭho hoti, uḷāruḷārasampattiyo pāpuṇāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Iti <a name="V1.0246"></a> hidaṃ sīlaṃ nāma sabbasampattīnaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ, sabbabuddhaguṇānaṃ pabhavabhūmi, sabbabuddhakārakadhammānaṃ ādi caraṇaṃ kāraṇaṃ mukhaṃ pamukha’’nti bahumānaṃ uppādetvā kāyavacīsaṃyame, indriyadamane, ājīvapārisuddhiyaṃ, paccayaparibhoge ca satisampajaññabalena appamatto hoti, lābhasakkārasilokaṃ ukkhittāsikapaccatthikaṃ viya sallakkhetvā ‘‘kikīva aṇḍa’’ntiādinā (visuddhi. 1.7; dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.7) vuttanayena sakkaccaṃ sīlaṃ sampādetabbaṃ. Ayaṃ tāva <span class="bld">vārittasīle</span> paṭipattikkamo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cārittasīle</span> pana paṭipatti evaṃ veditabbā – idha bodhisatto kalyāṇamittānaṃ garuṭṭhāniyānaṃ abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ kālena kālaṃ kattā hoti, tathā tesaṃ kālena kālaṃ upaṭṭhānaṃ kattā hoti, gilānānaṃ kāyaveyyāvaṭikaṃ, vācāya pucchanañca kattā hoti, subhāsitapadāni sutvā sādhukāraṃ kattā <a name="M1.0281"></a> hoti, guṇavantānaṃ guṇe vaṇṇetā, paresaṃ apakāre khantā, upakāre anussaritā, puññāni anumoditā, attano puññāni sammāsambodhiyā pariṇāmetā, sabbakālaṃ appamādavihārī kusalesu dhammesu, sati accaye accayato disvā tādisānaṃ sahadhammikānaṃ yathābhūtaṃ āvi kattā, uttariñca sammāpaṭipattiṃ sammadeva paripūretā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā attano anurūpāsu atthūpasaṃhitāsu sattānaṃ itikattabbatāpurekkhāro analaso sahāyabhāvaṃ upagacchati. Uppannesu ca sattānaṃ byādhiādidukkhesu yathārahaṃ patikāravidhāyako, ñātibhogādibyasanapatitesu sokapanodano, ullumpanasabhāvāvaṭṭhito hutvā niggahārahānaṃ dhammeneva niggaṇhanako yāvadeva akusalā vuṭṭhāpetvā kusale patiṭṭhāpanāya, paggahārahānaṃ dhammeneva paggaṇhanako. Yāni purimakānaṃ mahābodhisattānaṃ uḷāratamāni paramadukkarāni acinteyyānubhāvāni sattānaṃ ekantahitasukhāvahāni caritāni, yehi nesaṃ bodhisambhārā sammadeva paripākaṃ agamiṃsu, tāni sutvā anubbiggo anutrāso ‘‘tepi mahāpurisā manussā eva, anukkamena pana sikkhāpāripūriyā bhāvitattā tādisāya uḷāratamāya ānubhāvasampattiyā bodhisambhāresu ukkaṃsapāramippattā ahesuṃ, tasmā mayāpi sīlādisikkhāsu sammadeva tathā paṭipajjitabbaṃ, yāya paṭipattiyā ahampi anukkamena sikkhaṃ paripūretvā ekantato padaṃ anupāpuṇissāmī’’ti saddhāpurecārikaṃ vīriyaṃ avissajjanto sammadeva sīlesu paripūrakārī hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā paṭicchannakalyāṇo hoti vivaṭāparādho, appiccho santuṭṭho pavivitto asaṃsaṭṭho dukkhasaho <a name="V1.0247"></a> aviparītadassanajātiko anuddhato anunnaḷo acapalo amukharo avikiṇṇavāco saṃvutindriyo santamānaso kuhanādimicchājīvavirahito ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu, āraddhavīriyo pahitatto kāye ca jīvite ca nirapekkho, appamattakampi kāye, jīvite vā apekkhaṃ nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti, pageva adhimattaṃ. Sabbepi dussīlyahetubhūte kodhupanāhādike kilesupakkilese pajahati vinodeti, appamattakena visesādhigamena aparituṭṭho hoti, na saṅkocaṃ āpajjati, uparūparivisesādhigamāya vāyamati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yena <a name="M1.0282"></a> yathāladdhā sampatti hānabhāgiyā vā ṭhitibhāgiyā vā na hoti, tathā mahāpuriso andhānaṃ pariṇāyako hoti, maggaṃ ācikkhati, badhirānaṃ hatthamuddāya saññaṃ deti, atthamanuggāheti, tathā mūgānaṃ. Pīṭhasappikānaṃ pīṭhaṃ deti, vāheti vā. Assaddhānaṃ saddhāpaṭilābhāya vāyamati, kusītānaṃ ussāhajananāya, muṭṭhassatīnaṃ satisamāyogāya. Vibbhantattānaṃ samādhisampadāya, duppaññānaṃ paññādhigamāya vāyamati. Kāmacchandapariyuṭṭhitānaṃ kāmacchandapaṭivinodanāya vāyamati. Byāpādathinamiddhauddhaccakukkuccavicikicchāpariyuṭṭhitānaṃ vicikicchāvinodanāya vāyamati. Kāmavitakkādipakatānaṃ kāmavitakkādimicchāvitakkavinodanāya vāyamati. Pubbakārīnaṃ sattānaṃ kataññutaṃ nissāya pubbabhāsī piyavādī saṅgāhako sadisena, adhikena vā paccupakāre sammānetā hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āpadāsu sahāyakiccaṃ anutiṭṭhati, tesaṃ tesañca sattānaṃ pakatiṃ, sabhāvañca parijānitvā yehi yathā saṃvasitabbaṃ hoti, tehi tathā saṃvasati. Yesu ca yathā paṭipajjitabbaṃ hoti, tesu tathā paṭipajjati. Tañca kho akusalato vuṭṭhāpetvā kusale patiṭṭhāpanavasena, na aññathā. Paracittānurakkhaṇā hi bodhisattānaṃ yāvadeva kusalābhivaḍḍhiyā. Tathā hitajjhāsayenāpi paro na sāhasitabbo, na bhaṇḍitabbo, na maṅkubhāvamāpādetabbo, na parassa kukkuccaṃ uppādetabbaṃ, na niggahaṭṭhāne codetabbo, na nīcataraṃ paṭipannassa attā uccatare ṭhapetabbo, na ca paresu sabbena sabbaṃ asevinā bhavitabbaṃ, na atisevinā, na akālasevinā bhavitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yutte pana satte desakālānurūpaṃ sevati, na ca paresaṃ purato piyepi garahati, appiye vā pasaṃsati, na adhiṭṭhāya vissāsī hoti, na dhammikaṃ upanimantanaṃ paṭikkhipati, na paññattiṃ upagacchati, nādhikaṃ paṭiggaṇhāti, saddhāsampanne saddhānisaṃsakathāya sampahaṃseti, sīlasutacāgapaññāsampanne <a name="V1.0248"></a> paññānisaṃsakathāya sampahaṃseti. Sace pana bodhisatto abhiññābalappatto hoti, pamādāpanne satte abhiññābalena yathārahaṃ nirayādike dassento saṃvejetvā assaddhādike saddhādīsu patiṭṭhāpeti, sāsane otāreti, saddhādiguṇasampanne paripāceti. Evamassa mahāpurisassa cārittabhūto aparimāṇo puññābhisando kusalābhisando uparūpari abhivaḍḍhatīti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica <a name="M1.0283"></a> yā sā ‘‘kiṃ sīlaṃ, kenaṭṭhena sīla’’ntiādinā pucchaṃ katvā ‘‘pāṇātipātādīhi viramantassa, vattapaṭipattiṃ vā pūrentassa cetanādayo dhammā sīla’’ntiādinā nayena nānappakārato sīlassa vitthārakathā <span class="bld">visuddhimagge</span> (visuddhi. 1.6) vuttā, sā sabbāpi idha āharitvā vattabbā. Kevalañhi tattha sāvakabodhisattavasena sīlakathā āgatā, idha mahābodhisattavasena karuṇūpāyakosallapubbaṅgamaṃ katvā vattabbāti ayameva viseso. Yato idaṃ sīlaṃ mahāpuriso yathā na attano duggatiyaṃ parikilesavimuttiyā, sugatiyampi na rajjasampattiyā, na cakkavattī, na deva, na sakka, na māra, na brahmasampattiyā pariṇāmeti, tathā na attano tevijjatāya, na chaḷabhiññatāya, na catupaṭisambhidādhigamāya, na sāvakabodhiyā, na paccekabodhiyā pariṇāmeti, atha kho sabbaññubhāvena sabbasattānaṃ anuttarasīlālaṅkārasampādanatthameva pariṇāmetīti ayaṃ <span class="bld">sīlapāramiyā</span> paṭipattikkamo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā yasmā karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahitā ādīnavadassanapubbaṅgamā kāmehi ca bhavehi ca nikkhamanavasena pavattā kusalacittuppatti nekkhammapāramī, tasmā sakalasaṃkilesanivāsanaṭṭhānatāya, puttadārādīhi mahāsambādhatāya, kasivāṇijjādinānāvikammantādhiṭṭhānabyākulatāya ca gharāvāsassa nekkhammasukhādīnaṃ anokāsataṃ, kāmānañca ‘‘satthadhārālaggamadhubindu viya ca kadalī viya ca avaleyhamānaparittassādavipulānatthānubandhā’’ti ca vijjulatobhāsena gahetabbaṃ naccaṃ viya parittakālūpalabbhā, ummattakālaṅkāro viya viparītasaññāya anubhavitabbā, karīsāvacchādanamukhaṃ viya paṭikārabhūtā, udake temitaṅguliyā nisārudakapānaṃ viya atittikarā, chātajjhattabhojanaṃ viya sābādhā, balisāmisaṃ viya byāsanupanipātakāraṇā (byasanasannipātakāraṇā – dī. ni. ṭī. 1.7), aggisantāpo viya kālattayepi dukkhuppattihetubhūtā, makkaṭālepo viya bandhananimittā, ghātakāvacchādanakimālayo viya anatthacchādanā, sapattagāmavāso viya bhayaṭṭhānabhūtā, paccatthikaposako viya kilesamārādīnaṃ āmisabhūtā, chaṇasampattiyo viya vipariṇāmadukkhā, koṭaraggi <a name="V1.0249"></a> viya antodāhakā, purāṇakūpāvalambabīraṇamadhupiṇḍaṃ viya anekādīnavā, loṇūdakapānaṃ viya pipāsāhetubhūtā, surāmerayaṃ viya nīcajanasevitā<a name="M1.0284"></a>, appassādatāya aṭṭhikaṅkalūpamā’’tiādinā ca nayena ādīnavaṃ sallakkhetvā tabbipariyāyena nekkhamme ānisaṃsaṃ passantena nekkhammapavivekaupasamasukhādīsu ninnapoṇapabbhāracittena nekkhammapāramiyaṃ paṭipajjitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā pana nekkhammaṃ pabbajjāmūlakaṃ, tasmā pabbajjā tāva anuṭṭhātabbā. Pabbajjamanutiṭṭhantena mahāsattena asati buddhuppāde kammavādīnaṃ kiriyavādīnaṃ tāpasaparibbājakānaṃ pabbajjā anuṭṭhātabbā. Uppannesu pana sammāsambuddhesu tesaṃ sāsane eva pabbajitabbaṃ. Pabbajitvā ca yathāvutte sīle patiṭṭhitena tassā eva sīlapāramiyā vodāpanatthaṃ dhutaguṇā samādātabbā. Samādinnadhutadhammā hi mahāpurisā sammadeva te pariharantā appicchāsantuṭṭhasallekhapavivekaasaṃsaggavīriyārambhasubharatādiguṇasalilavikkhālitakilesamalatāya anavajjasīlavataguṇaparisuddhasamācārā porāṇe ariyavaṃsattaye patiṭṭhitā catutthaṃ bhāvanārāmatāsaṅkhātaṃ ariyavaṃsaṃ gantuṃ cattārīsāya ārammaṇesu yathārahaṃ upacārappanābhedaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharanti. Evañhissa sammadeva nekkhammapāramī pāripūritā hoti. Imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne terasahi dhutadhammehi saddhiṃ dasa kasiṇāni dasāsubhāni dasānussatiyo cattāro brahmavihārā cattāro āruppā ekā saññā ekaṃ vavatthānanti cattārīsa samādhibhāvanākammaṭṭhānāni, bhāvanāvidhānañca vitthārato vattabbāni, taṃ panetaṃ sabbaṃ yasmā <span class="bld">visuddhimagge</span> (visuddhi. 1.22, 47) sabbākārato vitthāretvā vuttaṃ, tasmā tattha vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Kevalañhi tattha sāvakabodhisattassa vasena vuttaṃ, idha mahābodhisattassa vasena karuṇūpāyakosallapubbaṅgamaṃ katvā vattabbanti ayameva viseso. Evamettha <span class="bld">nekkhammapāramiyā</span> paṭipattikkamo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā paññāpāramiṃ sampādetukāmena yasmā paññā āloko viya andhakārena mohena saha na vattati, tasmā mohakāraṇāni tāva bodhisattena parivajjetabbāni. Tatthimāni mohakāraṇāni-arati tandī vijambhitā ālasiyaṃ gaṇasaṅgaṇikārāmatā niddāsīlatā anicchayasīlatā ñāṇasmiṃ akutūhalatā micchādhimāno aparipucchakatā kāyassa nasammāparihāro asamāhitacittatā duppaññānaṃ <a name="M1.0285"></a> puggalānaṃ sevanā paññavantānaṃ apayirupāsanā attaparibhavo micchāvikappo viparītābhiniveso kāyadaḷhībahulatā asaṃvegasīlatā pañca nīvaraṇāni, saṅkhepato yevāpanadhamme āsevato anuppannā paññā nuppajjati, uppannā parihāyati<a name="V1.0250"></a>, iti imāni mohakāraṇāni, tāni parivajjantena bāhusacce, jhānādīsu ca yogo karaṇīyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatthāyaṃ bāhusaccassa visayavibhāgo – pañcakkhandhā dvādasāyatanāni aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo cattāri saccāni bāvīsatindriyāni dvādasapadiko paṭiccasamuppādo, tathā satipaṭṭhānādayo kusalādidhammappabhedā ca, yāni ca loke anavajjāni vijjāṭṭhānāni, yo ca sattānaṃ hitasukhavidhānanayo byākaraṇaviseso. Iti evaṃ pakāraṃ sakalameva sutavisayaṃ upāyakosallapubbaṅgamāya paññāya, satiyā, vīriyena ca sādhukaṃ uggahaṇasavanadhāraṇaparicayaparipucchāhi ogāhetvā tattha ca paresaṃ patiṭṭhāpanena sutamayā paññā nibbattetabbā, tathā sattānaṃ itikattabbatāsu ṭhānuppattikā paṭibhānabhūtā, āyāpāyaupāyakosallabhūtā ca paññā hitesitaṃ nissāya tattha tattha yathārahaṃ pavattetabbā, tathā khandhādīnaṃ sabhāvadhammānaṃ ākāraparitakkanamukhena ceva nijjhānaṃ khamāpentena ca cintāmayā paññā nibbattetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Khandhādīnaṃyeva pana salakkhaṇasāmaññalakkhaṇapariggahaṇavasena lokiyapariññaṃ nibbattentena pubbabhāgabhāvanāpaññā sampādetabbā. Evañhi ‘‘nāmarūpamattamidaṃ, yathārahaṃ paccayehi uppajjati ceva nirujjhati ca, na ettha koci kattā vā kāretā vā, hutvā abhāvaṭṭhena aniccaṃ, udayabbayapaṭipīḷanaṭṭhena dukkhaṃ, avasavattanaṭṭhena anattā’’ti ajjhattikadhamme, bāhirakadhamme ca nibbisesaṃ parijānanto tattha āsaṅgaṃ pajahanto, pare ca tattha taṃ pajahāpento kevalaṃ karuṇāvaseneva yāva na buddhaguṇā hatthatalaṃ āgacchanti, tāva yānattaye satte avatāraṇaparipācanehi patiṭṭhāpento, jhānavimokkhasamādhisamāpattiyo, abhiññāyo ca lokiyavasībhāvaṃ pāpento paññāya matthakaṃ pāpuṇāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yācimā iddhividhañāṇaṃ dibbasotadhātuñāṇaṃ cetopariyañāṇaṃ pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇaṃ dibbacakkhuñāṇaṃ yathākammūpagañāṇaṃ anāgataṃsañāṇanti saparibhaṇḍā pañcalokiyābhiññāsaṅkhātā bhāvanāpaññā, yā ca <a name="M1.0286"></a> khandhāyatanadhātuindriyasaccapaṭiccasamuppādādibhedesu catubhūmakesu dhammesu uggahaparipucchāvasena ñāṇaparicayaṃ katvā sīlavisuddhi cittavisuddhīti mūlabhūtāsu imāsu dvīsu visuddhīsu patiṭṭhāya diṭṭhivisuddhi kaṅkhāvitaraṇavisuddhi maggāmaggañāṇadassanavisuddhi paṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhi ñāṇadassanavisuddhīti sarīrabhūtā imā pañca visuddhiyo sampādentena bhāvetabbā lokiyalokuttarabhedā <a name="V1.0251"></a> bhāvanāpaññā, tāsaṃ sampādanavidhānaṃ yasmā ‘‘tattha ‘ekopi hutvā bahudhā hotī’tiādikaṃ iddhivikubbanaṃ kātukāmena ādikammikena yoginā’’tiādinā, (visuddhi. 2.365) ‘‘khandhāti pañcha khandhā rūpakkhandho vedanākkhandho saññākkhandho saṅkhārakkhandho viññāṇakkhandho’’tiādinā (visuddhi. 2.431) ca visayavisayivibhāgena (visayavibhāgena – cariyā. aṭṭha. pakiṇṇakakathā) saddhiṃ visuddhimagge sabbākārato vitthāretvā vuttaṃ, tasmā tattha vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Kevalañhi tattha sāvakabodhisattassa vasena paññā āgatā, idha mahābodhisattassa vasena karuṇūpāyakosallapubbaṅgamaṃ katvā vattabbā. Ñāṇadassanavisuddhiṃ apāpetvā paṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhiyaṃyeva vipassanā ṭhapetabbāti ayameva visesoti. Evamettha <span class="bld">paññāpāramiyā</span> paṭipattikkamo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā yasmā sammāsambodhiyā katābhinīhārena mahāsattena pāramīparipūraṇatthaṃ sabbakālaṃ yuttappayuttena bhavitabbaṃ ābaddhaparikaraṇena, tasmā kālena kālaṃ ‘‘ko nu kho ajja mayā puññasambhāro, ñāṇasambhāro vā upacito, kiṃ vā mayā parahitaṃ kata’’nti divase divase paccavekkhantena sattahitatthaṃ ussāho karaṇīyo, sabbesampi sattānaṃ upakārāya attano pariggahabhūtaṃ vatthuṃ, kāyaṃ, jīvitañca nirapekkhanacittena ossajjitabbaṃ, yaṃ kiñci kammaṃ karoti kāyena, vācāya vā, taṃ sabbaṃ sambodhiyaṃ ninnacitteneva kātabbaṃ, bodhiyā pariṇāmetabbaṃ, uḷārehi, ittarehi ca kāmehi vinivattacitteneva bhavitabbaṃ, sabbāsu ca itikattabbatāsu upāyakosallaṃ paccupaṭṭhapetvā paṭipajjitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmiṃ tasmiñca sattahite āraddhavīriyena bhavitabbaṃ iṭṭhāniṭṭhādisabbasahena avisaṃvādinā. Sabbepi sattā anodhiso mettāya, karuṇāya ca pharitabbā. Yā kāci sattānaṃ dukkhuppatti, sabbā sā attani pāṭikaṅkhitabbā. Sabbesañca sattānaṃ puññaṃ abbhanumoditabbaṃ, buddhānaṃ mahantatā mahānubhāvatā <a name="M1.0287"></a> abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbā, yañca kiñci kammaṃ karoti kāyena, vācāya vā, taṃ sabbaṃ bodhicittapubbaṅgamaṃ kātabbaṃ. Iminā hi upāyena dānādīsu yuttappayuttassa thāmavato daḷhaparakkamassa mahāsattassa bodhisattassa aparimeyyo puññasambhāro, ñāṇasambhāro ca divase divase upacīyati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica sattānaṃ paribhogatthaṃ, paripālanatthañca attano sarīraṃ, jīvitañca pariccajitvā khuppipāsasītuṇhavātātapādidukkhapatikāro pariyesitabbo ca uppādetabbo ca, yañca yathāvuttadukkhapatikārajaṃ sukhaṃ attanā paṭilabhati, tathā ramaṇīyesu ārāmuyyānapāsādataḷākādīsu<a name="V1.0252"></a>, araññāyatanesu ca kāyacittasantāpābhāvena abhinibbutattā attanā sukhaṃ paṭilabhati, yañca suṇāti ‘‘buddhānubuddhapaccekabuddhā, mahābodhisattā ca nekkhammapaṭipattiyaṃ ṭhitā’’ti ca ‘‘diṭṭhadhammikasukhavihārabhūtaṃ īdisaṃ nāma jhānasamāpattisukhamanubhavantī’’ti ca, taṃ sabbaṃ sattesu anodhiso upasaṃharati. Ayaṃ tāva nayo asamāhitabhūmiyaṃ patiṭṭhitassa.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Samāhitabhūmiyaṃ pana patiṭṭhito attanā yathānubhūtaṃ visesādhigamanibbattaṃ pītiṃ, passaddhiṃ, sukhaṃ, samādhiṃ, yathābhūtañāṇañca sattesu adhimuccanto upasaṃharati pariṇāmeti, tathā mahati saṃsāradukkhe, tassa ca nimittabhūte kilesābhisaṅkhāradukkhe nimuggaṃ sattanikāyaṃ disvā tatrāpi khādanachedanabhedanasedanapisanahiṃsanaaggisantāpādijanitā dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā nirantaraṃ cirakālaṃ vedayante narake, aññamaññaṃ kujjhanasantāsanavisodhanahiṃsanaparādhīnatādīhi mahādukkhaṃ anubhavante tiracchānagate, jotimālākulasarīre khuppipāsavātātapādīhi ḍayhamāne, visussamāne ca vantakheḷādiāhāre, uddhabāhu viravante nijjhāmataṇhikādike mahādukkhaṃ vedayamāne pete ca pariyeṭṭhimūlakaṃ mahantaṃ anayabyasanaṃ pāpuṇante hatthacchedādikaraṇayogena dubbaṇṇaduddasikadaliddādibhāvena khuppipāsādiābādhayogena balavantehi abhibhavanīyato, paresaṃ vahanato, parādhīnato ca narake, pete, tiracchānagate ca atisayante apāyadukkhanibbisesaṃ dukkhamanubhavante manusse ca tathā visayaparibhogavikkhittacittatāya rāgādipariḷāhena ḍayhamāne vātavegasamuṭṭhitajālāsamiddhasukkhakaṭṭhasannipāte aggikkhandhe viya anupasantapariḷāhavuttike anupasantanihataparādhīne <a name="M1.0288"></a> (anihataparādhīne dī. ni. ṭī. 1.7) kāmāvacaradeve ca mahatā vāyāmena vidūramākāsaṃ vigāhitasakuntā viya, balavatā dūre pāṇinā khittasarā viya ca ‘‘satipi cirappavattiyaṃ anaccantikatāya pātapariyosānā anatikkantajātijarāmaraṇā evā’’ti rūpāvacarārūpāvacaradeve ca passantena mahantaṃ saṃvegaṃ paccupaṭṭhāpetvā mettāya, karuṇāya ca anodhiso sattā pharitabbā. Evaṃ kāyena, vācāya, manasā ca bodhisambhāre nirantaraṃ upacinantena yathā pāramiyo paripūrenti, evaṃ sakkaccakārinā sātaccakārinā anolīnavuttinā ussāho pavattetabbo, vīriyapāramī paripūretabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica ‘‘acinteyyāparimeyyavipuloḷāravimalanirupamanirupakkilesaguṇagaṇanicayanidānabhūtassa buddhabhāvassa ussakkitvā sampahaṃsanayoggaṃ vīriyaṃ nāma acinteyyānubhāvameva, yaṃ na pacurajanā sotumpi sakkuṇanti, pageva paṭipajjituṃ. Tathā hi tividhā abhinīhāracittuppatti, catasso buddhabhūmiyo, (su. ni. aṭṭha. 1.34) cattāri saṅgahavatthūni<a name="V1.0253"></a>, (dī. ni. 3.210; a. ni. 4.32) karuṇekarasatā, buddhadhammesu sacchikaraṇena visesappaccayo, nijjhānakkhanti, sabbadhammesu nirupalepo, sabbasattesu piyaputtasaññā, saṃsāradukkhehi aparikhedo, sabbadeyyadhammapariccāgo, tena ca niratimānatā, adhisīlādiadhiṭṭhānaṃ, tattha ca acañcalatā, kusalakiriyāsu pītipāmojjatā, vivekaninnacittatā, jhānānuyogo, anavajjadhammesu atittiyatā, yathāsutassa dhammassa paresaṃ hitajjhāsayena desanāya ārambhadaḷhatā, dhīravīrabhāvo, parāpavādaparāpakāresu vikārābhāvo, saccādhiṭṭhānaṃ, samāpattīsu vasībhāvo, abhiññāsu balappatti, lakkhaṇattayāvabodho, satipaṭṭhānādīsu abhiyogena lokuttaramaggasambhārasambharaṇaṃ, navalokuttarāvakkantī’’ti evamādikā sabbāpi bodhisambhārapaṭipatti vīriyānubhāveneva samijjhatīti abhinīhārato yāva mahābodhi anossajjantena sakkaccaṃ nirantaraṃ vīriyaṃ yathā uparūpari visesāvahaṃ hoti, evaṃ sampādetabbaṃ. Sampajjamāne ca yathāvutte vīriye, khantisaccādhiṭṭhānādayo ca dānasīlādayo ca sabbepi bodhisambhārā tadadhīnavuttitāya sampannā eva hontītikhantiādīsupi imināva nayena paṭipatti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iti <a name="M1.0289"></a> sattānaṃ sukhūpakaraṇapariccāgena bahudhānuggahakaraṇaṃ dānena paṭipatti, sīlena tesaṃ jīvitasāpateyyadārarakkhābhedapiyahitavacanāvihiṃsādikaraṇāni, nekkhammena tesaṃ āmisapaṭiggahaṇadhammadānādinā anekavidhā hitacariyā, paññāya tesaṃ hitakaraṇūpāyakosallaṃ, vīriyena tattha ussāhārambhaasaṃhīrakaraṇāni, khantiyā tadaparādhasahanaṃ, saccena nesaṃ avañcanatadupakārakiriyāsamādānāvisaṃvādanādi, adhiṭṭhānena tadupakaraṇe anatthasampātepi acalanaṃ, mettāya nesaṃ hitasukhānucintanaṃ, upekkhāya nesaṃ upakārāpakāresu vikārānāpattīti evaṃ aparimāṇe satte ārabbha anukampitasabbasattassa bodhisattassa puthujjanehi asādhāraṇo aparimāṇo puññañāṇasambhārupacayo ettha paṭipattīti veditabbaṃ. Yo cetāsaṃ paccayo vutto, tattha ca sakkaccaṃ sampādanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ko vibhāgo</span>ti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sāmaññabhedato etā, dasavidhā vibhāgato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tidhā hutvāna paccekaṃ, samatiṃsavidhā samaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dasa pāramiyo dasa upapāramiyo dasa paramatthapāramiyoti hi samatiṃsa pāramiyo. Tattha ‘‘katābhinīhārassa <a name="V1.0254"></a> bodhisattassa parahitakaraṇābhininnāsayapayogassa kaṇhadhammavokiṇṇā sukkā dhammā pāramiyo, tehi avokiṇṇā sukkā dhammā upapāramiyo, akaṇhā asukkā dhammā paramatthapāramiyo’’ti <span class="bld">keci.</span> ‘‘Samudāgamanakālesu pūriyamānā pāramiyo, bodhisattabhūmiyaṃ puṇṇā upapāramiyo, buddhabhūmiyaṃ sabbākāraparipuṇṇā paramatthapāramiyo. Bodhisattabhūmiyaṃ vā parahitakaraṇato pāramiyo, attahitakaraṇato upapāramiyo, buddhabhūmiyaṃ balavesārajjasamadhigamena ubhayahitaparipūraṇato paramatthapāramiyoti evaṃ ādimajjhapariyosānesu paṇidhānārambhapariniṭṭhānesu tesaṃ vibhāgo’’ti <span class="bld">apare.</span> ‘‘Dosupasamakaruṇāpakatikānaṃ bhavasukhavimuttisukhaparamasukhappattānaṃ puññūpacayabhedato tabbibhāgo’’ti <span class="bld">aññe.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Lajjāsatimānāpassayānaṃ lokuttaradhammādhipatīnaṃ sīlasamādhipaññāgarukānaṃ tāritataritatārayitūnaṃ anubuddhapaccekabuddhasammāsambuddhānaṃ pāramīupapāramīparamatthapāramīhi bodhittayappattito yathāvuttavibhāgo’’ti <span class="bld">keci.</span> ‘‘Cittapaṇidhito yāva vacīpaṇidhi, tāva pavattā sambhārā pāramiyo<a name="M1.0290"></a>, vacīpaṇidhito yāva kāyapaṇidhi, tāva pavattā upapāramiyo, kāyapaṇidhito pabhuti paramatthapāramiyo’’ti <span class="bld">apare. Aññe</span> pana ‘‘parapuññānumodanavasena pavattā sambhārā pāramiyo, paresaṃ kārāpanavasena pavattā upapāramiyo, sayaṃ karaṇavasena pavattā paramatthapāramiyo’’ti vadanti. Tathā ‘‘bhavasukhāvaho puññañāṇasambhāro pāramī, attano nibbānasukhāvaho upapāramī, paresaṃ tadubhayasukhāvaho paramatthapāramī’’ti <span class="bld">eke.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Puttadāradhanādiupakaraṇapariccāgo pana dānapāramī, attano aṅgapariccāgo dānaupapāramī, attano jīvitapariccāgo dānaparamatthapāramī. Tathā puttadārādikassa tividhassāpi hetu avītikkamanavasena tisso sīlapāramiyo, tesu eva tividhesu vatthūsu ālayaṃ upacchinditvā nikkhamanavasena tisso nekkhammapāramiyo, upakaraṇaaṅgajīvitataṇhaṃ samūhanitvā sattānaṃ hitāhitavinicchayakaraṇavasena tisso paññāpāramiyo, yathāvuttabhedānaṃ pariccāgādīnaṃ vāyamanavasena tisso vīriyapāramiyo, upakaraṇaaṅgajīvitantarāyakarānaṃ khamanavasena tisso khantipāramiyo, upakaraṇaaṅgajīvitahetu saccāpariccāgavasena tisso saccapāramiyo, dānādipāramiyo akuppādhiṭṭhānavaseneva samijjhantīti upakaraṇādivināsepi acalādhiṭṭhānavasena tisso adhiṭṭhānapāramiyo, upakaraṇādivighātakesupi sattesu mettāya avijahanavasena tisso mettāpāramiyo, yathāvuttavatthuttayassa upakārāpakāresu sattasaṅkhāresu majjhattatāpaṭilābhavasena tisso upekkhāpāramiyoti evamādinā etāsaṃ vibhāgo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ko</span> <a name="V1.0255"></a> <span class="bld">saṅgahoti</span> ettha pana –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yathā vibhāgato tiṃsa-vidhā saṅgahato dasa;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Chappakārāva etāsu, yugaḷādīhi sādhaye.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā hi esā vibhāgato tiṃsavidhāpi dānapāramiādibhāvato dasavidhā, evaṃ dānasīlakhantivīriyajhānapaññāsabhāvena chabbidhā. Etāsu hi nekkhammapāramī sīlapāramiyā saṅgahitā tassā pabbajjābhāve. Nīvaraṇavivekabhāve pana jhānapāramiyā, kusaladhammabhāve chahipi saṅgahitā, saccapāramī sīlapāramiyā ekadesā eva vacīsaccaviratisaccapakkhe. Ñāṇasaccapakkhe <a name="M1.0291"></a> pana paññāpāramiyā saṅgahitā, mettāpāramī jhānapāramiyā eva, upekkhāpāramī jhānapaññāpāramīhi, adhiṭṭhānapāramī sabbāhipi saṅgahitāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etesañca dānādīnaṃ channaṃ guṇānaṃ aññamaññasambandhānaṃ pañcadasa yugaḷādīni pañcadasa yugaḷādisādhakāni honti. Seyyathidaṃ? Dānasīlayugaḷena parahitāhitānaṃ karaṇākaraṇayugaḷasiddhi, dānakhantiyugaḷena alobhādosayugaḷasiddhi, dānavīriyayugaḷena cāgasutayugaḷasiddhi, dānajhānayugaḷena kāmadosappahānayugaḷasiddhi, dānapaññāyugaḷena ariyayānadhurayugaḷasiddhi, sīlakhantidvayena payogāsayasuddhadvayasiddhi, sīlavīriyadvayena bhāvanādvayasiddhi, sīlajhānadvayena dussīlyapariyuṭṭhānappahānadvayasiddhi, sīlapaññādvayena dānadvayasiddhi, khantivīriyadvayena khamātejadvayasiddhi, khantijhānadukena virodhānurodhappahānadukasiddhi, khantipaññādukena suññatākhantipaṭivedhadukasiddhi, vīriyajhānadukena paggahāvikkhepadukasiddhi, vīriyapaññādukena saraṇadukasiddhi, jhānapaññādukena yānadukasiddhi. Dānasīlakhantitikena lobhadosamohappahānatikasiddhi, dānasīlavīriyatikena bhogajīvitakāyasārādānatikasiddhi, dānasīlajhānatikena puññakiriyavatthutikasiddhi, dānasīlapaññātikena āmisābhayadhammadānatikasiddhīti evaṃ itarehipi tikehi, catukkādīhi ca yathāsambhavaṃ tikāni, catukkādīni ca yojetabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ chabbidhānampi pana imāsaṃ pāramīnaṃ catūhi adhiṭṭhānehi saṅgaho veditabbo. Sabbapāramīnaṃ samūhasaṅgahato hi cattāri adhiṭṭhānāni. Seyyathidaṃ? Saccādhiṭṭhānaṃ, cāgādhiṭṭhānaṃ, upasamādhiṭṭhānaṃ, paññādhiṭṭhānanti. Tattha adhitiṭṭhati etena, ettha vā adhitiṭṭhati, adhiṭṭhānamattameva vā tanti <span class="bld">adhiṭṭhānaṃ,</span> saccañca taṃ adhiṭṭhānañca, saccassa vā adhiṭṭhānaṃ, saccaṃ <a name="V1.0256"></a> vā adhiṭṭhānametassāti <span class="bld">saccādhiṭṭhānaṃ.</span> Evaṃ sesesupi. Tattha avisesato tāva katābhinīhārassa anukampitasabbasattassa mahāsattassa paṭiññānurūpaṃ sabbapāramīpariggahato <span class="bld">saccādhiṭṭhānaṃ,</span> tesaṃ paṭipakkhapariccāgato <span class="bld">cāgādhiṭṭhānaṃ,</span> sabbapāramitāguṇehi upasamanato <span class="bld">upasamādhiṭṭhānaṃ. </span> Tehi eva parahitesu upāyakosallato <span class="bld">paññādhiṭṭhānaṃ.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Visesato pana ‘‘yācakānaṃ janānaṃ avisaṃvādetvā dassāmī’’ti paṭijānanato, paṭiññaṃ avisaṃvādetvā dānato, dānaṃ avisaṃvādetvā anumodanato<a name="M1.0292"></a>, macchariyādipaṭipakkhapariccāgato, deyyapaṭiggāhakadānadeyyadhammakkhayesu lobhadosamohabhayavūpasamanato, yathārahaṃ yathākālaṃ yathāvidhānañca dānato, paññuttarato ca kusaladhammānaṃ caturadhiṭṭhānapadaṭṭhānaṃ dānaṃ. Tathā saṃvarasamādānassa avītikkamanato, dussīlyapariccāgato, duccaritavūpasamanato, paññuttarato ca caturadhiṭṭhānapadaṭṭhānaṃ sīlaṃ. Yathāpaṭiññaṃ khamanato, katāparādhavikappapariccāgato, kodhapariyuṭṭhānavūpasamanato, paññuttarato ca caturadhiṭṭhānapadaṭṭhānākhanti. Paṭiññānurūpaṃ parahitakaraṇato, visayapariccāgato, akusalavūpasamanato, paññuttarato ca caturadhiṭṭhānapadaṭṭhānaṃ vīriyaṃ. Paṭiññānurūpaṃ lokahitānucintanato, nīvaraṇapariccāgato, cittavūpasamanato, paññuttarato ca caturadhiṭṭhānapadaṭṭhānaṃ jhānaṃ. Yathāpaṭiññaṃ parahitūpāyakosallato, anupāyakiriyapariccāgato, mohajapariḷāhavūpasamanato, sabbaññutāpaṭilābhato ca caturadhiṭṭhānapadaṭṭhānā paññā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha ñeyyapaṭiññānuvidhānehi saccādhiṭṭhānaṃ, vatthukāmakilesakāmapariccāgehi cāgādhiṭṭhānaṃ, dosadukkhavūpasamehi upasamādhiṭṭhānaṃ, anubodhapaṭivedhehi paññādhiṭṭhānaṃ. Tividhasaccapariggahitaṃ dosattayavirodhi saccādhiṭṭhānaṃ, tividhacāgapariggahitaṃ dosattayavirodhi cāgādhiṭṭhānaṃ, tividhavūpasamapariggahitaṃ dosattayavirodhi upasamādhiṭṭhānaṃ, tividhañāṇapariggahitaṃ dosattayavirodhi paññādhiṭṭhānaṃ. Saccādhiṭṭhānapariggahitāni cāgūpasamapaññādhiṭṭhānāni avisaṃvādanato, paṭiññānuvidhānato ca. Cāgādhiṭṭhānapariggahitāni saccūpasamapaññādhiṭṭhānāni paṭipakkhapariccāgato, sabbapariccāgaphalattā ca. Upasamādhiṭṭhānapariggahitāni saccacāgapaññādhiṭṭhānāni kilesapariḷāhūpasamanato, kammapariḷāhūpasamanato ca. Paññādhiṭṭhānapariggahitāni saccacāgūpasamādhiṭṭhānāni ñāṇapubbaṅgamato, ñāṇānuparivattanato cāti evaṃ sabbāpi pāramiyo saccappabhāvitā cāgaparibyañjitā upasamopabrūhitā paññāparisuddhā. Saccañhi etāsaṃ janakahetu, cāgo paṭiggāhakahetu, upasamo paribuddhihetu paññā pārisuddhihetu. Tathā ādimhi saccādhiṭṭhānaṃ saccapaṭiññattā, majjhe cāgādhiṭṭhānaṃ katapaṇidhānassa <a name="V1.0257"></a> parahitāya attapariccāgato, ante upasamādhiṭṭhānaṃ sabbūpasamapariyosānattā. Ādimajjhapariyosānesu paññādhiṭṭhānaṃ tasmiṃ sati sambhavato, asati asambhavato, yathāpaṭiññañca sambhavato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M1.0293"></a> mahāpurisā satataṃ attahitaparahitakarehi garupiyabhāvakarehi saccacāgādhiṭṭhānehi gihibhūtā āmisadānena pare anuggaṇhanti. Tathā attahitaparahitakarehi, garupiyabhāvakarehi, upasamapaññādhiṭṭhānehi ca pabbajitabhūtā dhammadānena pare anuggaṇhanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha antimabhave bodhisattassa caturadhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇaṃ. Paripuṇṇacaturadhiṭṭhānassa hi carimakabhavūpapattīti eke. Tatrāpi hi gabbhāvakkantiabhinikkhamanesu paññādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena sato sampajāno saccādhiṭṭhānapāripūriyā sampatijāto uttarābhimukho sattapadavītihārena gantvā sabbā disā oloketvā saccānuparivattinā vacasā ‘‘aggohamasmi lokassa, jeṭṭhohamasmi lokassa, seṭṭhohamasmi lokassā’’ti (dī. ni. 2.31; ma. ni. 3.207) tikkhattuṃ sīhanādaṃ nadi, upasamādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena jiṇṇāturamatapabbajitadassāvino catudhammappadesakovidassa yobbanārogyajīvitasampattimadānaṃ upasamo, cāgādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena mahato ñātiparivaṭṭassa, hatthagatassa ca cakkavattirajjassa anapekkhapariccāgoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dutiye ṭhāne abhisambodhiyaṃ caturadhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇanti keci. Tattha hi yathāpaṭiññaṃ saccādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ abhisamayo. Tato hi saccādhiṭṭhānaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ. Cāgādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena sabbakilesupakkilesapariccāgo. Tato hi cāgādhiṭṭhānaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ. Upasamādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena paramūpasamasampatti. Tato hi upasamādhiṭṭhānaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ. Paññādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena anāvaraṇañāṇapaṭilābho. Tato hi paññādhiṭṭhānaṃ paripuṇṇanti, taṃ asiddhaṃ abhisambodhiyāpi paramatthabhāvato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatiye ṭhāne dhammacakkappavattane caturadhiṭṭhānaṃ paripuṇṇanti aññe. Tattha hi saccādhiṭṭhānasamudāgatassa dvādasahi ākārehi ariyasaccadesanāya saccādhiṭṭhānaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ, cāgādhiṭṭhānasamudāgatassa saddhammamahāyāgakaraṇena cāgādhiṭṭhānaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ, upasamādhiṭṭhānasamudāgatassa sayaṃ upasantassa paresaṃ upasamanena upasamādhiṭṭhānaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ, paññādhiṭṭhānasamudāgatassa <a name="V1.0258"></a> vineyyānaṃ āsayādiparijānanena paññādhiṭṭhānaṃ paripuṇṇanti, tadapi asiddhaṃ apariyositattā buddhakiccassa.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Catutthe <a name="M1.0294"></a> ṭhāne parinibbāne caturadhiṭṭhānaṃ paripuṇṇanti apare. Tatra hi parinibbutattā paramatthasaccasampattiyā saccādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇaṃ, sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggena cāgādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇaṃ, sabbasaṅkhārūpasamena upasamādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇaṃ, paññāpayojanaparinibbānena paññādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra mahāpurisassa visesena mettākhette abhijātiyaṃ saccādhiṭṭhānasamudāgatassa saccādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇamabhibyattaṃ, visesena karuṇākhette abhisambodhiyaṃ paññādhiṭṭhānasamudāgatassa paññādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇamabhibyattaṃ, visesena muditākhette dhammacakkappavattane cāgādhiṭṭhānasamudāgatassa cāgādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇamabhibyattaṃ, visesena upekkhākhette parinibbāne upasamādhiṭṭhānasamudāgatassa upasamādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇamabhibyattanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāpi saccādhiṭṭhānasamudāgatassa saṃvāsena sīlaṃ veditabbaṃ, cāgādhiṭṭhānasamudāgatassa saṃvohārena soceyyaṃ veditabbaṃ, upasamādhiṭṭhānasamudāgatassa āpadāsu thāmo veditabbo, paññādhiṭṭhānasamudāgatassa sākacchāya paññā veditabbā. Evaṃ sīlājīvacittadiṭṭhivisuddhiyo veditabbā. Tathā saccādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena dosāgatiṃ na gacchati avisaṃvādanato, cāgādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena chandāgatiṃ na gacchati anabhisaṅgato, upasamādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena bhayāgatiṃ na gacchati anuparodhato, paññādhiṭṭhānasamudāgamena mohāgatiṃ na gacchati yathābhūtāvabodhato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā paṭhamena aduṭṭho adhivāseti, dutiyena aluddho paṭisevati, tatiyena abhīto parivajjeti, catutthena asaṃmūḷho vinodeti. Paṭhamena nekkhammasukhuppatti, itarehi pavivekaupasamasambodhisukhuppattiyo honti. Tathā vivekajapītisukhasamādhijapītisukhaapītijakāyasukha satipārisuddhijaupekkhāsukhuppattiyo etehi catūhi yathākkamaṃ hontīti. Evamanekaguṇānubandhehi catūhi adhiṭṭhānehi sabbapāramisamūhasaṅgaho veditabbo. Yathā ca catūhi adhiṭṭhānehi sabbapāramisaṅgaho, evaṃ karuṇāpaññāhipīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sabbopi hi bodhisambhāro karuṇāpaññāhi saṅgahito. Karuṇāpaññāpariggahitā hi dānādiguṇā mahābodhisambhārā bhavanti buddhattasiddhipariyosānāti. Evametāsaṃ saṅgaho veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ko</span> <a name="V1.0259"></a><a name="M1.0295"></a> <span class="bld">sampādanūpāyo</span>ti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sabbāsaṃ pana tāsampi, upāyoti sampādane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Avekallādayo atta-niyyātanādayo matā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sakalassāpi hi puññādisambhārassa sammāsambodhiṃ uddissa <span class="bld">anavasesasambharaṇaṃ</span> avekallakāritāyogena, tattha ca <span class="bld">sakkaccakāritā</span> ādarabahumānayogena, <span class="bld">sātaccakāritā</span> nirantarapayogena, <span class="bld">cirakālādiyogo</span> ca antarā avosānāpajjanenāti. Taṃ panassa kālaparimāṇaṃ parato āvi bhavissati. Iti caturaṅgayogo etāsaṃ pāramīnaṃ sampādanūpāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā mahāsattena bodhāya paṭipajjantena sammāsambodhāya buddhānaṃ puretarameva attā niyyātetabbo ‘‘imāhaṃ attabhāvaṃ buddhānaṃ niyyātemī’’ti. Taṃ taṃ pariggahavatthuñca paṭilābhato puretarameva dānamukhe nissajjitabbaṃ ‘‘yaṃ kiñci mayhaṃ uppajjanakaṃ jīvitaparikkhārajātaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ sati yācake dassāmi, tesaṃ pana dinnāvasesaṃ eva mayā paribhuñjitabba’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evañhissa sammadeva pariccāgāya kate cittābhisaṅkhāre yaṃ uppajjati pariggahavatthu aviññāṇakaṃ, saviññāṇakaṃ vā, tattha ye ime pubbe dāne akataparicayo, pariggahavatthussa parittabhāvo, uḷāramanuññatā, parikkhayacintāti <span class="bld">cattāro dānavinibandhā.</span> Tesu yadā mahābodhisattassa saṃvijjamānesu deyyadhammesu, paccupaṭṭhite ca yācakajane dāne cittaṃ na pakkhandati na kamati, tena niṭṭhamettha gantabbaṃ ‘‘addhāhaṃ dāne pubbe akataparicayo, tena me etarahi dātukamyatā citte na saṇṭhātī’’ti. So ‘‘evaṃ me ito paraṃ dānābhirataṃ cittaṃ bhavissati, handāhaṃ ito paṭṭhāya dānaṃ dassāmi, nanu mayā paṭikacceva pariggahavatthuṃ yācakānaṃ pariccatta’’nti dānaṃ deti muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato. Evaṃ mahāsattassa <span class="bld">paṭhamo dānavinibandho</span> hato hoti vihato samucchinno.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā mahāsatto deyyadhammassa parittabhāve sati paccayavekalle iti paṭisañcikkhati ‘‘ahaṃ kho pubbe adānasīlatāya etarahi evaṃ paccayavekallo jāto, tasmā idāni mayā parittena vā hīnena vā yathāladdhena <a name="M1.0296"></a> deyyadhammena attānaṃ pīḷetvāpi dānameva dātabbaṃ, yenāhaṃ āyatimpi dānapāramiṃ matthakaṃ pāpessāmī’’ti so itarītarena dānaṃ deti muttacāgo payatapāṇi <a name="V1.0260"></a> vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato. Evaṃ mahāsattassa <span class="bld">dutiyo dānavinibandho</span> hato hoti vihato samucchinno.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā mahāsatto deyyadhammassa uḷāramanuññatāya adātukamyatācitte uppajjamāne iti paṭisañcikkhati ‘‘nanu tayā sappurisa uḷāratamā sabbaseṭṭhā sammāsambodhi abhipatthitā, tasmā tadatthaṃ tayā uḷāramanuññe eva deyyadhamme dātuṃ yuttarūpa’’nti. So uḷāraṃ, manuññañca dānaṃ deti muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato. Evaṃ mahāpurisassa <span class="bld">tatiyo dānavinibandho</span> hato hoti vihato samucchinno.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā mahāsatto dānaṃ dento yadā deyyadhammassa parikkhayaṃ passati, so iti paṭisañcikkhati ‘‘ayaṃ kho bhogānaṃ sabhāvo, yadidaṃ khayadhammatā vayadhammatā, apica me pubbe tādisassa dānassa akatattā evaṃ bhogānaṃ parikkhayo dissati, handāhaṃ yathāladdhena deyyadhammena parittena vā, vipulena vā dānameva dadeyyaṃ, yenāhaṃ āyatiṃ dānapāramiyā matthakaṃ pāpuṇissāmī’ti. So yathāladdhena dānaṃ deti muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato. Evaṃ mahāsattassa <span class="bld">catuttho dānavinibandho</span> hato hoti vihato samucchinno. Evaṃ ye ye dānapāramiyā vinibandhabhūtā anatthā, tesaṃ tesaṃ yathārahaṃ paccavekkhitvā paṭivinodanaṃ upāyo. Yathā ca dānapāramiyā, evaṃ sīlapāramiādīsupi daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica yaṃ mahāsattassa buddhānaṃ attasanniyyātanaṃ, taṃ sammadeva sabbapāramīnaṃ sampādanūpāyo, buddhānañca attānaṃ niyyātetvā ṭhito mahāpuriso tattha tattha bodhisambhārapāripūriyā ghaṭento vāyamanto sarīrassa, sukhūpakaraṇānañca upacchedakesu dussahesupi kiccesu (kicchesu cariyā. aṭṭha. pakiṇṇakakathā) durabhisambhavesupi sattasaṅkhārasamupanītesu anatthesu tibbesu pāṇaharesu ‘‘ayaṃ mayā attabhāvo buddhānaṃ pariccatto, yaṃ vā taṃ vā ettha hotū’’ti <a name="M1.0297"></a> tannimittaṃ na kampati na vedhati īsakampi aññathattaṃ na gacchati, kusalārambhe aññadatthu acalādhiṭṭhāno ca hoti, evaṃ <span class="bld">attasanniyyātanampi</span> etāsaṃ sampādanūpāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica samāsato katābhinīhārassa attani sinehassa pariyādānaṃ, (parisosanaṃ cariyā. aṭṭha. pakiṇṇakakathā) paresu ca sinehassa parivaḍḍhanaṃ etāsaṃ sampādanūpāyo. Sammāsambodhisamadhigamāya hi katamahāpaṇidhānassa mahāsattassa yāthāvato parijānanena sabbesu dhammesu <a name="V1.0261"></a> anupalittassa attani sineho parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gacchati, mahākaruṇāsamāyogavasena (samāsevanena cariyā. aṭṭha. pakiṇṇakakathā) pana piyaputte viya sabbasatte sampassamānassa tesu mettākaruṇāsineho parivaḍḍhati, tato ca taṃ tadāvatthānurūpaṃ attaparasantānesu lobhadosamohavigamena vidūrīkatamacchariyādibodhisambhārapaṭipakkho mahāpuriso dānapiyavacanaatthacariyā samānattatāsaṅkhātehi catūhi saṅgahavatthūhi (dī. ni. 3.313; a. ni. 4.32) caturadhiṭṭhānānugatehi accantaṃ janassa saṅgahakaraṇena upari yānattaye avatāraṇaṃ, paripācanañca karoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mahāsattānañhi mahākaruṇā, mahāpaññā ca dānena alaṅkatā, dānaṃ piyavacanena, piyavacanaṃ atthacariyāya, atthacariyā samānattatāya alaṅkatā, saṅgahitā ca. Tesañhi sabbepi satte attanā nibbisese katvā bodhisambhāresu paṭipajjantānaṃ sabbattha samānasukhadukkhatāya samānattatāsiddhi. Buddhabhūtānampi ca teheva catūhi saṅgahavatthūhi caturadhiṭṭhānena paripūritābhibuddhehi janassa accantikasaṅgahakaraṇena abhivinayanaṃ sijjhati. Dānañhi sammāsambuddhānaṃ cāgādhiṭṭhānena paripūritābhibuddhaṃ. Piyavacanaṃ saccādhiṭṭhānena, atthacariyā paññādhiṭṭhānena, samānattatā upasamādhiṭṭhānena paripūritābhibuddhā. Tathāgatānañhi sabbasāvakapaccekabuddhehi samānattatā parinibbāne. Tatra hi nesaṃ avisesato ekībhāvo. Tenevāha ‘‘natthi vimuttiyā nānatta’’ti. Honti cettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sacco cāgī upasanto, paññavā anukampako;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sambhatasabbasambhāro, kaṃ nāmatthaṃ na sādhaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Mahākāruṇiko <a name="M1.0298"></a> satthā, hitesī ca upekkhako;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nirapekkho ca sabbattha, aho acchariyo jino.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Viratto sabbadhammesu, sattesu ca upekkhako;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sadā sattahite yutto, aho acchariyo jino.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sabbadā sabbasattānaṃ, hitāya ca sukhāya ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Uyyutto akilāsū ca, aho acchariyo jino’’ti. (cariyā. aṭṭha. pakiṇṇakakathā);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kittakena</span> <a name="V1.0262"></a> <span class="bld">kālena sampādana</span>nti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Paññādhikādibhedena, ugghāṭitaññuādinā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tiṇṇampi bodhisattānaṃ, vasā kālo tidhā mato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Heṭṭhimena hi tāva paricchedena cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni, mahākappānaṃ satasahassañca, majjhimena aṭṭha asaṅkhyeyyāni, mahākappānaṃ satasahassañca, uparimena pana soḷasa asaṅkhyeyyāni, mahākappānaṃ satasahassañca. Ete ca bhedā yathākkamaṃ paññādhikasaddhādhikavīriyādhikavasena veditabbā. Paññādhikānañhi saddhā mandā hoti, paññā tikkhā. Saddhādhikānaṃ paññā majjhimā hoti. Vīriyādhikānaṃ paññā mandā. Paññānubhāvena ca sammāsambodhi abhigantabbāti (su. ni. aṭṭha. 1.34 atthato samānaṃ) <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apare pana ‘‘vīriyassa tikkhamajjhimamudubhāvena bodhisattānaṃ ayaṃ kālavibhāgo’’ti vadanti, avisesena pana vimuttiparipācanīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ tikkhamajjhimamudubhāvena yathāvuttakālabhedena bodhisambhārā tesaṃ pāripūriṃ gacchantīti tayopete kālabhedā yuttātipi vadanti. Evaṃ tividhā hi bodhisattā abhinīhārakkhaṇe bhavanti eko ugghaṭitaññū, eko vipañcitaññū, eko neyyoti. Tesu yo ugghaṭitaññū, so sammāsambuddhassa sammukhā catuppadagāthaṃ suṇanto gāthāya tatiyapade apariyosite eva chahi abhiññāhi saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ adhigantuṃ samatthupanissayo hoti, sace sāvakabodhiyaṃ adhimutto siyā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dutiyo bhagavato sammukhā catuppadagāthaṃ suṇanto apariyosite eva gāthāya catutthapade chahi abhiññāhi arahattaṃ adhigantuṃ samatthupanissayo hoti, yadi sāvakabodhiyaṃ adhimutto siyā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Itaro <a name="M1.0299"></a> pana bhagavato sammukhā catuppadagāthaṃ sutvā pariyositāya gāthāya chahi abhiññāhi arahattaṃ adhigantuṃ samatthupanissayo hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tayopete vinā kālabhedena katābhinīhārā, buddhānaṃ santike laddhabyākaraṇā ca anukkamena <a name="V1.0263"></a> pāramiyo pūrentā yathākkamaṃ yathāvuttabhedena kālena sammāsambodhiṃ pāpuṇanti. Tesu tesu pana kālabhedesu aparipuṇṇesu te te mahāsattā divase divase vessantaradānasadisaṃ mahādānaṃ dentāpi tadanurūpe sīlādisabbapāramidhamme ācinantāpi pañca mahāpariccāge pariccajantāpi ñātatthacariyaṃ lokatthacariyaṃ buddhatthacariyaṃ paramakoṭiṃ pāpentāpi antarāva sammāsambuddhā bhavissantīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Kasmā? Ñāṇassa aparipaccanato, buddhakārakadhammānañca apariniṭṭhānato. Paricchinnakālanipphāditaṃ viya hi sassaṃ yathāvuttakālaparicchedena parinipphāditā sammāsambodhi tadantarā pana sabbussāhena vāyamantenāpi na sakkā adhigantunti pāramipāripūri yathāvuttakālavisesena sampajjatīti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ko ānisaṃso</span>ti –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ye te katābhinīhārānaṃ bodhisattānaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Evaṃ sabbaṅgasampannā, bodhiyā niyatā narā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saṃsaraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ, kappakoṭisatehipi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Avīcimhi nuppajjanti, tathā lokantaresu ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nijjhāmataṇhā khuppipāsā, na honti kālakañcikā. (kālakañcikā cariyā. aṭṭha. pakiṇṇakakathā);</p>
<p class="gatha1">Na honti khuddakā pāṇā, upapajjantāpi duggatiṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Jāyamānā manussesu, jaccandhā na bhavanti te.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sotavekallatā natthi, na bhavanti mūgapakkhikā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Itthibhāvaṃ na gacchanti, ubhatobyañjanapaṇḍakā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Na bhavanti pariyāpannā, bodhiyā niyatā narā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Muttā ānantarikehi, sabbattha suddhagocarā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Micchādiṭṭhiṃ <a name="V1.0264"></a><a name="M1.0300"></a> na sevanti, kammakiriyadassanā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vasamānāpi saggesu, asaññaṃ nupapajjare.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Suddhāvāsesu devesu, hetu nāma na vijjati;</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nekkhammaninnā sappurisā, visaṃyuttā bhavābhave;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Caranti lokatthacariyāyo, pūrenti sabbapāramī’’ti. (aṭṭhasā. nidānakathā; cariyā. pakiṇṇakakathā; apa. aṭṭha. 1.dūrenidānakathā; jā. aṭṭha. 1.dūrenidānakathā; bu. vaṃ. aṭṭha. 27.dūrenidānakathā); –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ saṃvaṇṇitā ānisaṃsā, ye ca ‘‘sato sampajāno ānanda bodhisatto tusitā kāyā cavitvā mātukucchiṃ okkamatī’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 3.204) soḷasa acchariyabbhutadhammappakārā, ye ca ‘‘sītaṃ byapagataṃ hoti, uṇhañca vūpasamatī’’tiādinā, (khu. ni. 4-313 piṭṭhe) ‘‘jāyamāne kho sāriputta, bodhisatte ayaṃ dasasahassilokadhātu saṅkampati sampakampati sampavedhatī’’tiādinā ca dvattiṃsa pubbanimittappakārā, ye vā panaññepi bodhisattānaṃ adhippāyasamijjhanaṃ, kammādīsu ca vasibhāvoti evamādayo tattha tattha jātakabuddhavaṃsādīsu dassitappakārā ānisaṃsā, te sabbepi etāsaṃ ānisaṃsā, tathā yathānidassitabhedā alobhādosādiguṇayugaḷādayo cāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica yasmā bodhisatto abhinīhārato paṭṭhāya sabbasattānaṃ pitusamo hoti hitesitāya, dakkhiṇeyyako garu bhāvanīyo paramañca puññakkhettaṃ hoti guṇavisesayogena, yebhuyyena ca manussānaṃ piyo hoti, amanussānaṃ piyo hoti, devatāhi anupālīyati, mettākaruṇāparibhāvitasantānatāya vāḷamigādīhi ca anabhibhavanīyo hoti, yasmiṃ yasmiñca sattanikāye paccājāyati, tasmiṃ tasmiṃ uḷārena vaṇṇena uḷārena yasena uḷārena sukhena uḷārena balena uḷārena ādhipateyyena aññe satte abhibhavati puññavisesayogato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Appābādho hoti appātaṅko, suvisuddhā cassa saddhā hoti suvisadā, suvisuddhaṃ vīriyaṃ, sati samādhi paññā suvisadā, mandakileso hoti mandadaratho mandapariḷāho, kilesānaṃ mandabhāveneva subbaco hoti padakkhiṇaggāhī, khamo hoti sorato, sakhilo hoti paṭisandhārakusalo<a name="M1.0301"></a>, akodhano hoti anupanāhī, amakkhī hoti apaḷāsī, anissukī hoti amaccharī, asaṭho hoti amāyāvī, athaddho hoti anatimānī, asāraddho hoti appamatto<a name="V1.0265"></a>, parato upatāpasaho hoti paresaṃ anupatāpī, yasmiñca gāmakhette paṭivasati, tattha sattānaṃ bhayādayo upaddavā yebhuyyena anuppannā nuppajjanti, uppannā ca vūpasamanti, yesu ca apāyesu uppajjati, na tattha pacurajano viya dukkhena adhimattaṃ pīḷīyati, bhiyyoso mattāya saṃvegabhayamāpajjati. Tasmā mahāpurisassa yathārahaṃ tasmiṃ tasmiṃ bhave labbhamānā ete sattānaṃ pitusamatādakkhiṇeyyatādayo guṇavisesā ānisaṃsāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā āyusampadā rūpasampadā kulasampadā issariyasampadā ādeyyavacanatā mahānubhāvatāti etepi mahāpurisassa pāramīnaṃ ānisaṃsāti veditabbā. Tattha <span class="bld">āyusampadā</span> nāma tassaṃ tassaṃ upapattiyaṃ dīghāyukatā ciraṭṭhitikatā, tāya yathāraddhāni kusalasamādānāni pariyosāpeti, bahuñca kusalaṃ upacinoti. <span class="bld">Rūpasampadā</span> nāma abhirūpatā dassanīyatā pāsādikatā, tāya rūpappamāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ pasādāvaho hoti sambhāvanīyo. <span class="bld">Kulasampadā</span> nāma uḷāresu kulesu abhinibbatti, tāya [jātimadādimadasattānampi (madamattānampi cariyā. aṭṭha. pakiṇṇakakathā)] upasaṅkamanīyo hoti payirupāsanīyo, tena te nibbisevane karonti. <span class="bld">Issariyasampadā</span> nāma mahāvibhavatā, mahesakkhatā, mahāparivāratā ca, tāhi saṅgahitabbe catūhi saṅgahavatthūhi (dī. ni. 3.313; a. ni. 1.256) saṅgahituṃ, niggahetabbe dhammena niggahetuñca samattho hoti. <span class="bld">Ādeyyavacanatā</span> nāma saddheyyatā paccayikatā, tāya sattānaṃ pamāṇabhūto hoti, alaṅghanīyā cassa āṇā hoti. <span class="bld">Mahānubhāvatā</span> nāma pabhāvamahantatā, tāya parehi na abhibhuyyati, sayameva pana pare aññadatthu abhibhavati dhammena, samena, yathābhūtaguṇehi ca, evametesaṃ āyusampadādayo mahāpurisassa pāramīnaṃ ānisaṃsā, sayañca aparimāṇassa puññasambhārassa parivuddhihetubhūtā yānattaye sattānaṃ avatāraṇassa paripācanassa kāraṇabhūtāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kiṃ</span> <a name="M1.0302"></a> <span class="bld">phala</span>nti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sammāsambuddhatā tāsaṃ, jaññā phalaṃ samāsato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vitthārato anantāpa-meyyā guṇagaṇā matā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Samāsato hi tāva sammāsambuddhabhāvo etāsaṃ phalaṃ. Vitthārato pana bāttiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇa (dī. ni. 2.33 ādayo; 3.198; ma. ni. 2.386) asītānubyañjana, byāmappabhādianekaguṇagaṇasamujjalarūpakāyasampattiadhiṭṭhānā dasabala- (ma. ni. 4.8; a. ni. 10.21) catuvesārajja- <a name="V1.0266"></a> (a. ni. 4.8) chaasādhāraṇañāṇaaṭṭhārasāveṇikabuddhadhamma- (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 3.305;) pabhutianantāparimāṇaguṇasamudayopasobhinī dhammakāyasirī, yāvatā pana buddhaguṇā ye anekehipi kappehi sammāsambuddhenāpi vācāya pariyosāpetuṃ na sakkā, idameva tāsaṃ phalaṃ. Vuttañcetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Buddhopi buddhassa bhaṇeyya vaṇṇaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Kappampi ce aññamabhāsamāno;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Khīyetha kappo ciradīghamantare,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vaṇṇo na khīyetha tathāgatassā’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.304; 3.141; udā. aṭṭha. 53; cariyā. aṭṭha. nidānakathā, pakiṇṇakakathā) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evamettha pāramīsu pakiṇṇakakathā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ yathāvuttāya paṭipadāya yathāvuttavibhāgānaṃ pāramīnaṃ pūritabhāvaṃ sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘samatiṃsa pāramiyo pūretvā’’</span>ti. Satipi mahāpariccāgānaṃ dānapāramibhāve pariccāgavisesabhāvadassanatthaṃ, visesasambhāratādassanatthaṃ, sudukkarabhāvadassanatthañca tesaṃ visuṃ gahaṇaṃ, tatoyeva ca aṅgapariccāgato nayanapariccāgassa, pariggahapariccāgabhāvasāmaññepi dhanarajjapariccāgato puttadārapariccāgassa visuṃ gahaṇaṃ kataṃ, tathāyeva <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.7) vuttaṃ. Ācariyasāriputtattherenapi <span class="bld">aṅguttaraṭīkāyaṃ,</span> (a. ni. ṭī. 1.ekapuggalavaggassa paṭhame) katthaci pana puttadārapariccāge visuṃ katvā nayanapariccāgamaññatra jīvitapariccāgaṃ vā pakkhipitvā rajjapariccāgamaññatra pañca mahāpariccāge vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gatapaccāgatikavattasaṅkhātāya <a name="M1.0303"></a> (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.9; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.10.9; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 3.5.368; vibha. aṭṭha. 523; su. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.35) pubbabhāgapaṭipadāya saddhiṃ abhiññāsamāpattinipphādanaṃ <span class="bld">pubbayogo.</span> Dānādīsuyeva sātisayapaṭipattinipphādanaṃ <span class="bld">pubbacariyā.</span> Yā vā cariyāpiṭakasaṅgahitā, sā <span class="bld">pubbacariyā.</span> Keci pana ‘‘abhinīhāro <span class="bld">pubbayogo.</span> Dānādipaṭipatti vā kāyavivekavasena ekacariyā vā <span class="bld">pubbacariyā’’</span>ti vadanti. Dānādīnañceva appicchatādīnañca saṃsāranibbānesu ādīnavānisaṃsānañca <a name="V1.0267"></a> vibhāvanavasena, sattānaṃ bodhittaye patiṭṭhāpanaparipācanavasena ca pavattā kathā <span class="bld">dhammakkhānaṃ.</span> Ñātīnamatthassa cariyā <span class="bld">ñātatthacariyā,</span> sāpi karuṇāyanavaseneva. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena <span class="bld">lokatthacariyā</span>dayo saṅgaṇhāti. Kammassakatāñāṇavasena, anavajjakammāyatanasippāyatanavijjāṭṭhānaparicayavasena, khandhāyatanādiparicayavasena, lakkhaṇattayatīraṇavasena ca ñāṇacāro <span class="bld">buddhicariyā,</span> sā panatthato paññāpāramīyeva, ñāṇasambhāradassanatthaṃ pana visuṃ gahaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Koṭi</span>nti pariyantaṃ ukkaṃsaṃ. <span class="bld">Tathā amhākampi bhagavā āgato</span>ti etthāpi ‘‘dānapāramiṃ pūretvā’’tiādinā sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ pāramipūraṇavasena <span class="bld">‘‘tathā āgato’’</span>ti padassatthaṃ dassetvā idāni bodhipakkhiyadhammavasenapi dassento <span class="bld">‘‘cattāro satipaṭṭhāne’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha satipaṭṭhānādiggahaṇena āgamanapaṭipadaṃ matthakaṃ pāpetvā dasseti maggaphalapakkhikānaññeva gahetabbattā, vipassanāsaṅgahitā eva vā satipaṭṭhānādayo daṭṭhabbā pubbabhāgapaṭipadāya gahaṇato. <span class="bld">Bhāvetvā</span>ti uppādetvā. <span class="bld">Brūhetvā</span>ti vaḍḍhetvā. Ettha ca ‘‘yena abhinīhārenā’’tiādinā āgamanapaṭipadāyaādiṃ dasseti, ‘‘dānapāramiṃ pūretvā’’tiādinā majjhe, ‘‘cattāro satipaṭṭhāne’’tiādinā pariyosānaṃ. Tasmā ‘‘āgato’’ti vuttassa āgamanassa kāraṇabhūtapaṭipadāvisesadassanaṃyeva tiṇṇaṃ nayānaṃ visesoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Idāni yathāvuttena atthayojanattayena siddhaṃ paṭhamakāraṇameva gāthābandhavasena dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yathevā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha idhalokamhi vipassiādayo munayo sabbaññubhāvaṃ yathāvuttena kāraṇattayena āgatā yatheva, tathā pañcahi cakkhūhi cakkhumā ayaṃ sakyamunipi yena kāraṇena āgato, tenesa tathāgato nāma vuccatīti yojanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sampatijāto</span>ti <a name="M1.0304"></a> manussānaṃ hatthato muccitvā muhuttajāto, na pana mātukucchito nikkhantamatto mātukucchito nikkhantamattañhi mahāsattaṃ paṭhamaṃ brahmāno suvaṇṇajālena paṭiggaṇhiṃsu, tesaṃ hatthato cattāro mahārājāno ajinappaveṇiyā, tesaṃ hatthato manussā dukūlacumbaṭakena paṭiggaṇhiṃsu, ‘‘manussānaṃ hatthato muccitvā pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhito’’ti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.31) vakkhati. <span class="bld">‘‘Kathañcā’’</span>tiādi vitthāradassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Yathāha</span> bhagavā mahāpadānadesanāyaṃ. <span class="bld">Setamhi chatte</span>ti dibbasetacchatte. <span class="bld">Anuhīramāne</span>ti dhāriyamāne. <span class="bld">‘‘Anudhāriyamāne’’</span>tipi idāni pāṭho. ‘‘Ettha ca chattaggahaṇeneva khaggadīni pañca kakudhabhaṇḍānipi gahitānevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Khaggatālavaṇṭamorahatthakavālabījanīuṇhīsapaṭṭāpi hi chattena saha tadā upaṭṭhitā ahesuṃ. Chattādīniyeva ca tadā paññāyiṃsu, na chattādigāhakā’’ti <a name="V1.0268"></a> (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.7) <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> vuttaṃ, ācariyasāriputtattherenāpi <span class="bld">aṅguttaraṭīkāyaṃ</span> (a. ni. ṭī. 1.ekapuggalavaggassa paṭhame) evaṃ sati tālavaṇṭādīnampi kakudhabhaṇḍasamaññā. Apica khaggādīni kakudhabhaṇḍāni, tadaññānipi tālavaṇṭādīni tadā upaṭṭhitānīti adhippāyena tathā vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sabbā ca disā</span>ti dasa disā. <span class="bld">Anuviloketī</span>ti puññānubhāvena lokavivaraṇapāṭihāriye jāte paññāyamānaṃ dasasahassilokadhātuṃ maṃsacakkhunāva oloketīti attho. Nayidaṃ sabbadisānuvilokanaṃ sattapadavītihāruttarakālaṃ paṭhamamevānuvilokanato. Mahāsatto hi manussānaṃ hatthato muccitvā puratthimaṃ disaṃ olokesi. Tattha devamanussā gandhamālādīhi pūjayamānā ‘‘mahāpurisa idha tumhehi sadisopi natthi, kuto tayā uttaritaro’’ti āhaṃsu. Evaṃ catasso disā catasso anudisā heṭṭhā uparīti sabbā disāanuviloketvā sabbattha attanā sadisamadisvā ‘‘ayaṃ uttarā disā’’ti sattapadavītihārena agamāsīti <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.7) <span class="bld">ācariyasāriputtattherena</span> (a. ni. ṭī. 1.ekapuggalavaggassa paṭhame) ca vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Mahāpadānasuttaṭṭhakathāya</span>mpi (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.31) evameva vaṇṇitaṃ. Tasmā sattapadavītihārato paṭhamaṃ sabbadisānuvilokanaṃ katvā sattapadavītihārena gantvā tadupari āsabhiṃ vācaṃ bhāsatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Idha, pana aññāsu ca aṭṭhakathāsu samehi <a name="M1.0305"></a> pādehi patiṭṭhahanato paṭṭhāya yāva āsabhīvācābhāsanaṃ tāva yathākkamaṃ eva pubbanimittabhāvaṃ vibhāvento ‘‘sattamapadūpari ṭhatvā sabbadisānuvilokanaṃ sabbaññutānāvaraṇañāṇapaṭilābhassā’’tiādīni vadati, evampi yathā na virujjhati, tathā eva attho gahetabbo. ‘‘Sattamapadūpari ṭhatvā’’ti ca pāṭho pacchā pamādalekhavasena edisena vacanakkamena mahāpadānaṭṭhakathāyamadissamānattāti. <span class="bld">Āsabhi</span>nti uttamaṃ, akampanikaṃ vā, nibbhayanti attho. Usabhassa idanti hi <span class="bld">āsabhaṃ,</span> sūrabhāvo, tena yuttattā panāyaṃ vācā ‘‘āsabhī’’ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Aggo</span>ti sabbapaṭhamo. <span class="bld">Jeṭṭho, seṭṭho</span>ti ca tasseva vevacanaṃ. Saddatthamattato pana <span class="bld">aggo</span>ti guṇehi sabbapadhāno. <span class="bld">Jeṭṭho</span>ti guṇavaseneva sabbesaṃ vuddhatamo, guṇehi mahallakatamoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Seṭṭho</span>ti guṇavaseneva sabbesaṃ pasaṭṭhatamo. <span class="bld">Lokassā</span>ti vibhattāvadhibhūte nissakkatthe sāmivacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Ayamantimā jāti, natthi dāni punabbhavo</span>ti imasmiṃ attabhāve pattabbaṃ arahattaṃ byākāsi tabbaseneva punabbhavābhāvato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni tathāgamanaṃ sambhāvento <span class="bld">‘‘tañcassā’’</span>tiādimāha. Pubbanimittabhāvena tathaṃ avitathanti sambandho. <span class="bld">Visesādhigamāna</span>nti guṇavisesādhigamānaṃ. Tadevatthaṃ vitthārato dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘yañhī’’</span>tiādinā<a name="V1.0269"></a>. Tattha <span class="bld">ya</span>nti kiriyāparāmasanaṃ, tena ‘‘patiṭṭhahī’’ti ettha pakatiyatthaṃpatiṭṭhānakiriyaṃ parāmasati. <span class="bld">Idamassā</span>ti idaṃ patiṭṭhahanaṃ assa bhagavato. Paṭilābhasadde sāminiddeso cesa, kattuniddeso vā. <span class="bld">Pubbanimitta</span>nti tappaṭilābhasaṅkhātassa āyatiṃ uppajjamānakassa hitassa paṭhamaṃ pavattaṃ sañjānanakāraṇaṃ. Bhagavato hi acchariyabbhutaguṇavisesādhigamane pañca mahāsupinādayo viya etāni sañjānananimittāni pātubhavanti, yathā taṃ loke puññavantānaṃ puññaphalavisesādhigamaneti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sabbalokuttarabhāvassā</span>ti sabbalokānamuttamabhāvassa, sabbalokātikkamanabhāvassa vā. Satta padāni <span class="bld">sattapadaṃ,</span> tassa vītihāro visesena atiharaṇaṃ <span class="bld">sattapadavītihāro,</span> sattapadanikkhepoti attho. So pana samagamane dvinnaṃ padānamantare muṭṭhiratanamattanti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Anekasākhañca <a name="M1.0306"></a> sahassamaṇḍalaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Chattaṃ marū dhārayumantalikkhe;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Suvaṇṇadaṇḍā vītipatanti cāmarā,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na dissare cāmarachattagāhakā’’ti. (su. ni. 693); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Suttanipāte nāḷakasutte āyasmatā ānandattherena vuttaṃ nidānagāthāpadaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘suvaṇṇadaṇḍā vītipatanti cāmarāti etthā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti hi etasmiṃ gāthāpadeti attho. Mahāpadānasutte anāgatattā pana cāmarukkhepassa tathā vacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tattha āgatānusārena hi idha pubbanimittabhāvaṃ vadati, <span class="bld">camaro</span> nāma migaviseso. Yassa vālena rājakakudhabhūtaṃ vālabījaniṃ karonti, tassa ayanti <span class="bld">cāmarī.</span> Tassā ukkhepo tathā, vutto soti <span class="bld">vuttacāmarukkhepo. Arahattavimuttivaravimalasetacchattapaṭilābhassā</span>ti arahattaphalasamāpattisaṅkhātavaravimalasetacchattapaṭilābhassa. <span class="bld">Sattamapadūparī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">pada</span>-saddo padavaḷañjanavācako, tasmā sattamassa padavaḷañjanassa uparīti attho. Sabbaññutaññāṇameva sabbattha appaṭihatacāratāya anāvaraṇanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sabbaññutānāvaraṇañāṇapaṭilābhassā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Tathā ayaṃ bhagavā…pe… pubbanimittabhāvanā</span>ti ettha ‘‘yañhī’’tiādi adhikārattā, gamyamānattā ca na vuttaṃ, etena ca abhijātiyaṃ dhammatāvasena uppajjanakavisesā sabbabodhisattānaṃ sādhāraṇāti dasseti. Pāramitānissandā hi te.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Porāṇā</span>ti aṭṭhakathācariyā. Gavampati usabho samehi pādehi vasūnaṃ ratanānaṃ dhāraṇato vasundarasaṅkhātaṃ <a name="V1.0270"></a> bhūmiṃ phusī yathā, tathā manussānaṃ hatthato muccitvā muhuttajāto so gotamo samehi pādehi vasundharaṃ phusīti attho. <span class="bld">Vikkamī</span>ti agamāsi. <span class="bld">Satta padānī</span>ti sattapadavaḷañjanaṭṭhānāni. Accantasaṃyoge cetaṃ upayogavacanaṃ, sattapadavārehīti vā karaṇattho uttarapadalopavasena daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Marū</span>ti devā yathāmariyādaṃ maraṇasabhāvato. <span class="bld">Samā</span>ti vilokanasamatāya samā sadisiyo. Mahāpuriso hi yathā ekaṃ disaṃ vilokesi, evaṃ sesadisāpi, na katthaci vilokane vinibandho tassa ahosi, samāti vā viloketuṃ yuttāti attho. Na hi tadā bodhisattassa virūpabībhacchavisamarūpāni viloketumayuttāni disāsu upaṭṭhahanti<a name="M1.0307"></a>, vissaṭṭhamañjūviññeyyādivasena aṭṭhaṅgupetaṃ giraṃ abbhudīrayi pabbatamuddhaniṭṭhito sīho yathā abhinadīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ kāyagamanatthena gatasaddena tathāgatasaddaṃ niddisitvā idāni ñāṇagamanatthena niddisituṃ <span class="bld">‘‘atha vā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha ‘‘yathā vipassī bhagavā’’tiādīsupi ‘‘nekkhammena kāmacchandaṃ pahāyā’’tiādinā yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Nekkhammenā</span>ti alobhapadhānena kusalacittuppādena. Kusalā hi dhammā idha nekkhammaṃ tesaṃ sabbesampi kāmacchandapaṭipakkhattā, na pabbajjādayo eva. ‘‘Paṭhamajjhānenā’’tipi vadanti keci, tadayuttameva paṭhamajjhānassa pubbabhāgapaṭipadāya eva idha icchitattā. <span class="bld">Pahāyā</span>ti pajahitvā. <span class="bld">Gato</span>ti uttarivisesaṃ ñāṇagamanena paṭipanno. <span class="bld">Pahāyā</span>ti vā pahānahetu, pahāne vā sati. Hetulakkhaṇatthesu hi ayaṃ tvā-saddo ‘‘sakko hutvā nibbattī’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.355) viya. Kāmacchandādippahānahetukañca ‘‘gato’’ti ettha vuttaṃ avabodhasaṅkhātaṃ, paṭipattisaṅkhātaṃ vā gamanaṃ kāmacchandādippahānena ca taṃ lakkhīyati, esa nayo <span class="bld">‘‘padāletvā’’</span>tiādīsupi. <span class="bld">Abyāpādenā</span>ti mettāya. <span class="bld">Ālokasaññāyā</span>ti vibhūtaṃ katvā manasikārena upaṭṭhitālokasañjānanena. <span class="bld">Avikkhepenā</span>ti samādhinā. <span class="bld">Dhammavavatthānenā</span>ti kusalādidhammānaṃ yāthāvanicchayena, sappaccayanāmarūpavavatthānenātipi vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ kāmacchandādinīvaraṇappahānena ‘‘abhijjhaṃ loke pahāyā’’tiādinā vuttāya paṭhamajjhānassa pubbabhāgapaṭipadāya bhagavato ñāṇagamanavisiṭṭhaṃ tathāgatabhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni saha upāyena aṭṭhahi samāpattīhi, aṭṭhārasahi ca mahāvipassanāhi taṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ñāṇenā’’</span>tiādimāha. Nāmarūpapariggahakaṅkhāvitaraṇānañhi vinibandhabhūtassa mohassa dūrīkaraṇena ñātapariññāyaṃ ṭhitassa aniccasaññādayo sijjhanti, tasmā avijjāpadālanaṃ vipassanāya upāyo. Tathā jhānasamāpattīsu abhiratinimittena pāmojjena, tattha anabhiratiyā vinoditāya jhānādīnaṃ samadhigamoti samāpattiyā arativinodanaṃ upāyo. Samāpattivipassanānukkamena <a name="V1.0271"></a> pana upari vakkhamānanayena niddisitabbepi nīvaraṇasabhāvāya avijjāya heṭṭhā kāmacchandādivasena dassitanīvaraṇesupi saṅgahadassanatthaṃ uppaṭipāṭiniddeso daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Samāpattivihārapavesananibandhanena <a name="M1.0308"></a> nīvaraṇāni kavāṭasadisānīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘nīvaraṇakavāṭaṃ ugghāṭetvā’’</span>ti. ‘‘Rattiṃ anuvitakketvā anuvicāretvā divā kammante payojetī’’ti majjhimāgamavare mūlapaṇṇāsake <span class="bld">vammikasutte</span> (ma. ni. 1.249) vuttaṭṭhāne viya vitakkavicārā vūpasamā [dhūmāyanā (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.7)] adhippetāti sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘vitakkavicāradhūmaṃ vūpasametvā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, vitakkavicārasaṅkhātaṃ dhūmaṃ vūpasametvāti attho. ‘‘Vitakkavicāra’’micceva adhunā pāṭho, so na porāṇo ācariyadhammapālattherena, ācariyasāriputtattherena ca yathāvuttapāṭhasseva uddhatattā. <span class="bld">Virājetvā</span>ti jigucchitvā, samatikkamitvā vā. Tadubhayattho hesa ‘‘pītiyā ca virāgā’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.7; ma. ni. 3.155; pārā. 11; vibha. 625) viya. Kāmaṃ paṭhamajjhānūpacāre eva dukkhaṃ, catutthajjhānūpacāre eva ca sukhaṃ pahīyati, atisayappahānaṃ pana sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘catutthajjhānena sukhadukkhaṃ pahāyā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Rūpasaññā</span>ti saññāsīsena rūpāvacarajjhānāni ceva tadārammaṇāni ca vuttāni. Rūpāvacarajjhānampi hi ‘‘rūpa’’nti vuccati uttarapadalopena ‘‘rūpī rūpāni passatī’’tiādīsu (dha. sa. 248) tassa ārammaṇampi kasiṇarūpaṃ purimapadalopena ‘‘bahiddhā rūpāni passati suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇānī’’tiādīsu (dha. sa. 223 ādayo) tasmā idha rūpe rūpajjhāne taṃsahagatā saññā rūpasaññāti evaṃ saññāsīsena rūpāvacarajjhānāni vuttāni, rūpaṃ saññā assāti <span class="bld">rūpasaññaṃ,</span> rūpasaññāsamannāgatanti vuttaṃ hoti. Evaṃ pathavīkasiṇādibhedassa tadārammaṇassa cetaṃ adhivacananti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Paṭighasaññā</span>ti cakkhādīnaṃ vatthūnaṃ, rūpādīnaṃ ārammaṇānañca paṭighātena paṭihananena visayivisayasamodhānena samuppannā dvipañcaviññāṇasahagatā saññā. <span class="bld">Nānattasaññā</span>ti aṭṭha kāmāvacarakusalasaññā, dvādasa akusalasaññā, ekādasa kāmāvacarakusalavipākasaññā, dve akusalavipākasaññā, ekādasa kāmāvacarakiriyasaññāti etāsaṃ catucattālīsasaññānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Etā hi yasmā rūpasaddādibhede nānatte nānāsabhāve gocare pavattanti, yasmā ca nānattā nānāsabhāvā aññamaññaṃ asadisā, tasmā ‘‘nānattasaññā’’ti vuccanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aniccassa<a name="V1.0272"></a>, aniccanti vā anupassanā <span class="bld">aniccānupassanā,</span> tebhūmakadhammānaṃ aniccataṃ gahetvā pavattāya vipassanāyetaṃ nāmaṃ. <span class="bld">Niccasañña</span>nti saṅkhatadhamme ‘‘niccā <a name="M1.0309"></a> sassatā’’ti pavattamicchāsaññaṃ, saññāsīsena cettha diṭṭhicittānampi gahaṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Esa nayo ito paresupi. <span class="bld">Nibbidānupassanāyā</span>ti saṅkhāresu nibbindanākārena pavattāya anupassanāya. <span class="bld">Nandi</span>nti sappītikataṇhaṃ. <span class="bld">Virāgānupassanāyā</span>ti saṅkhāresu virajjanākārena pavattāya anupassanāya. <span class="bld">Nirodhānupassanāyā</span>ti saṅkhārānaṃ nirodhassa anupassanāya, ‘‘te saṅkhārā nirujjhantiyeva, āyatiṃ samudayavasena na uppajjantī’’ti evaṃ vā anupassanā <span class="bld">nirodhānupassanā.</span> Tenevāha ‘‘nirodhānupassanāya nirodheti, no samudetī’’ti. Muñcitukamyatā hi ayaṃ balappattāti. Paṭinissajjanākārena pavattā anupassanā <span class="bld">paṭinissaggānupassanā. </span> Paṭisaṅkhāsantiṭṭhanā hi ayaṃ. <span class="bld">Ādāna</span>nti niccādivasena gahaṇaṃ. Santatisamūhakiccārammaṇānaṃ vasena ekattaggahaṇaṃ <span class="bld">ghanasaññā.</span> <span class="bld">Āyūhanaṃ</span> abhisaṅkharaṇaṃ. Avatthāvisesāpatti <span class="bld">vipariṇāmo.</span> <span class="bld">Dhuvasañña</span>nti thirabhāvaggahaṇasaññaṃ. <span class="bld">Nimitta</span>nti samūhādighanavasena sakiccaparicchedatāya saṅkhārānaṃ saviggahataṃ. <span class="bld">Paṇidhi</span>nti rāgādipaṇidhiṃ. Sā panatthato taṇhāvasena saṅkhāresu ninnatā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Abhinivesa</span>nti attānudiṭṭhiṃ. Aniccādivasena sabbadhammatīraṇaṃ <span class="bld">adhipaññādhammavipassanā. Sārādānābhinivise</span>nti asāre sāraggahaṇavipallāsaṃ. Issarakuttādivasena loko samuppannoti abhiniveso <span class="bld">sammohābhiniveso</span> nāma. Keci pana ‘‘ahosiṃ nu kho ahamatītamaddhāna’ntiādinā pavattasaṃsayāpatti <span class="bld">sammohābhiniveso’’</span>ti vadanti. Saṅkhāresu leṇatāṇabhāvaggahaṇaṃ <span class="bld">ālayābhiniveso.</span> ‘‘Ālayaratā ālayasamuditā’’ti (dī. ni. 2.64; ma. ni. 1.281; 2.337; mahāva. 7, 8) vacanato <span class="bld">ālayo</span> vuccati taṇhā, sāyeva cakkhādīsu, rūpādīsu ca abhinivesavasena pavattiyā <span class="bld">ālayābhiniveso</span>ti keci. ‘‘Evaṃvidhā saṅkhārā paṭinissajjīyantī’ti pavattañāṇaṃ <span class="bld">paṭisaṅkhānupassanā.</span> Vaṭṭato vigatattā vivaṭṭaṃ, nibbānaṃ, tattha ārammaṇakaraṇasaṅkhātena anupassanena pavattiyā <span class="bld">vivaṭṭānupassanā,</span> gotrabhu. <span class="bld">Saṃyogābhinivesa</span>nti saṃyujjanavasena saṅkhāresu abhinivisanaṃ. <span class="bld">Diṭṭhekaṭṭhe</span>ti diṭṭhiyā sahajātekaṭṭhe, pahānekaṭṭhe ca. <span class="bld">Oḷārike</span>ti uparimaggavajjhe kilese apekkhitvā vuttaṃ, aññathā dassanapahātabbā ca dutiyamaggavajjhehipi oḷārikāti tesampi tabbacanīyatā siyā. <span class="bld">Aṇusahagate</span>ti aṇubhūte. Tabbhāvavuttiko hi ettha <span class="bld">sahagata</span>saddo. Idaṃ pana heṭṭhimamaggavajjhe apekkhitvā vuttaṃ<a name="M1.0310"></a>. <span class="bld">Sabbakilese</span>ti avasiṭṭhasabbakilese. Na hi paṭhamādimaggehi pahīnā kilesā puna pahīyanti. <span class="bld">Sabba</span>saddo cettha sappadesavisayo ‘‘sabbe tasanti daṇḍassā’’tiādīsu viya (dha. pa. 129).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kakkhaḷattaṃ</span> <a name="V1.0273"></a> kaṭhinabhāvo. <span class="bld">Paggharaṇaṃ</span> dravabhāvo. Lokiyavāyunā bhastassa viya yena taṃtaṃkalāpassa uddhumāyanaṃ, thambhabhāvo vā, taṃ <span class="bld">vitthambhanaṃ.</span> Vijjamānepi kalāpantarabhūtānaṃ kalāpantarabhūtehi phuṭṭhabhāve taṃtaṃbhūtavivittatā rūpapariyanto ākāsoti yesaṃ yo paricchedo, tehi so asamphuṭṭhova, aññathā bhūtānaṃ paricchedabhāvo na siyā byāpitabhāvāpattito. Yasmiṃ kalāpe bhūtānaṃ paricchedo, tehi tattha asamphuṭṭhabhāvo <span class="bld">asamphuṭṭhalakkhaṇaṃ,</span> tenāha bhagavā <span class="bld">ākāsadhātuniddese</span> ‘‘asamphuṭṭho catūhi mahābhūtehī’’ti (dha. sa. 637).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Virodhipaccayasannipāte visadisuppatti <span class="bld">ruppanaṃ.</span> Cetanāpadhānattā saṅkhārakkhandhadhammānaṃ cetanāvasenetaṃ vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘saṅkhārānaṃ abhisaṅkharaṇalakkhaṇa’’</span>nti. Tathā hi suttantabhājaniye <span class="bld">saṅkhārakkhandhavibhaṅge</span> ‘‘cakkhusamphassajā cetanā’’tiādinā (vibha. 12) cetanāva vibhattā. Abhisaṅkhāralakkhaṇā ca cetanā. Yathāha ‘‘tattha katamo puññābhisaṅkhāro, kusalā cetanā’’tiādi (vibha. 226) sampayuttadhammānaṃ ārammaṇe ṭhapanaṃ <span class="bld">abhiniropanaṃ.</span> Ārammaṇānamanubandhanaṃ <span class="bld">anumajjanaṃ.</span> Savipphārikatā <span class="bld">pharaṇaṃ. </span> Adhimuccanaṃ saddahanaṃ <span class="bld">adhimokkho. Assaddhiye</span>ti assaddhiyahetu. Nimittatthe cetaṃ bhummaṃ. Esa nayo <span class="bld">kosajjā</span>dīsupi. Kāyacittapariḷāhūpasamo <span class="bld">vūpasamalakkhaṇaṃ. </span> Līnuddhaccarahite adhicitte vattamāne paggahaniggahasampahaṃsanesu abyāvaṭatāya ajjhupekkhanaṃ <span class="bld">paṭisaṅkhānaṃ</span> pakkhapātupacchedato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Musāvādādīnaṃ visaṃvādanādikiccatāya lūkhānaṃ apariggāhakānaṃ paṭipakkhabhāvato pariggāhakasabhāvā sammāvācā siniddhabhāvato sampayuttadhamme, sammāvācāpaccayasubhāsitaṃ sotārañca puggalaṃ pariggaṇhātīti sā <span class="bld">pariggahalakkhaṇā.</span> Kāyikakiriyā kiñci kattabbaṃ samuṭṭhāpeti, sayañca samuṭṭhānaṃ ghaṭanaṃ hotīti sammākammantasaṅkhātā virati <span class="bld">samuṭṭhānalakkhaṇā</span>ti daṭṭhabbā, sampayuttadhammānaṃ vā ukkhipanaṃ <span class="bld">samuṭṭhānaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0311"></a> kāyikakiriyāya bhārukkhipanaṃ viya. Jīvamānassa sattassa, sampayuttadhammānaṃ vā jīvitindriyavuttiyā, ājīvasseva vā suddhi <span class="bld">vodānaṃ.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Saṅkhārā’’ti idha cetanā adhippetā, na pana ‘‘saṅkhārā saṅkhārakkhandho’’tiādīsu (dha. sa. 583, 985; vibha. 1, 20, 52) viya samapaññāsacetasikāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘saṅkhārānaṃ cetanālakkhaṇa’’</span>nti. Avijjāpaccayā hi puññābhisaṅkhārādikāva cetanā. Ārammaṇābhimukhabhāvo <span class="bld">namanaṃ. Āyatanaṃ</span> pavattanaṃ. Saḷāyatanavasena hi cittacetasikānaṃ pavatti. <span class="bld">Taṇhāya hetulakkhaṇa</span>ti ettha vaṭṭassa janakahetubhāvo taṇhāya hetulakkhaṇaṃ, maggassa pana <a name="V1.0274"></a> vakkhamānassa nibbānasampāpakattanti ayametesaṃ viseso. Ārammaṇassa <span class="bld">gahaṇalakkhaṇaṃ.</span> Puna uppattiyā <span class="bld">āyūhanalakkhaṇaṃ.</span> Sattajīvato <span class="bld">suññatālakkhaṇaṃ. Padahanaṃ</span> ussāhanaṃ. <span class="bld">Ijjhanaṃ</span> sampatti. Vaṭṭato nissaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">niyyānaṃ. </span> Aviparītabhāvo <span class="bld">tathalakkhaṇaṃ.</span> Aññamaññānativattanaṃ <span class="bld">ekaraso,</span> anūnādhikabhāvova. <span class="bld">Yuganaddhā</span> nāma samathavipassanā aññamaññopakāratāya yugaḷavasena bandhitabbato. ‘‘Saddhāpaññā paggahāvikkhepā’’tipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Cittavisuddhi</span> nāma samādhi. <span class="bld">Diṭṭhivisuddhi</span> nāma paññā. <span class="bld">Khayo</span>ti kilesakkhayo maggo, tasmiṃ pavattassa sammādiṭṭhisaṅkhātassa <span class="bld">ñāṇassa samucchedanalakkhaṇaṃ.</span> Kilesānamanuppādapariyosānatāya <span class="bld">anuppādo,</span> phalaṃ. Kilesavūpasamo <span class="bld">passaddhi. Chandassā</span>ti kattukāmatāchandassa. Patiṭṭhābhāvo <span class="bld">mūlalakkhaṇaṃ.</span> Ārammaṇapaṭipādakatāya sampayutta-dhammānamuppattihetutā <span class="bld">samuṭṭhāpanalakkhaṇaṃ.</span> Visayādisannipātena gahetabbākāro <span class="bld">samodhānaṃ.</span> Yā ‘‘saṅgatī’’ti vuccati ‘‘tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso’’tiādīsu. Samaṃ, sammā vā odahanti sampiṇḍitā bhavanti sampayuttadhammā anenātipi <span class="bld">samodhānaṃ,</span> phasso, tabbhāvo <span class="bld">samodhānalakkhaṇaṃ.</span> Samosaranti sannipatanti etthāti <span class="bld">samosaraṇaṃ,</span> vedanā. Tāya hi vinā appavattamānā sampayuttadhammā vedanānubhavananimittaṃ samosaṭā viya hontīti evaṃ vuttaṃ, tabbhāvo <span class="bld">samosaraṇalakkhaṇaṃ.</span> Pāsādādīsu gopānasīnaṃ kūṭaṃ viya sampayuttadhammānaṃ pāmokkhabhāvo <span class="bld">pamukhalakkhaṇaṃ.</span> Satiyā sabbatthakattā sampayuttānaṃ adhipatibhāvo <span class="bld">ādhipateyyalakkhaṇaṃ.</span> Tato sampayuttadhammato, tesaṃ vā sampayuttadhammānaṃ uttari padhānaṃ <span class="bld">tatuttari,</span> tabbhāvo <span class="bld">tatuttariyalakkhaṇaṃ.</span> Paññuttarā hi kusalā dhammā. <span class="bld">Vimuttī</span>ti phalaṃ kilesehi vimuccitthāti katvā. Taṃ <a name="M1.0312"></a> pana sīlādiguṇasārassa paramukkaṃsabhāvena <span class="bld">sāraṃ.</span> Tato uttari dhammassābhāvato <span class="bld">pariyosānaṃ.</span> Ayañca lakkhaṇavibhāgo chadhātupañcajhānaṅgādivasena taṃtaṃsuttapadānusārena porāṇaṭṭhakathāyamāgatanayena vuttoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tathā hi pubbe vuttopi koci dhammo pariyāyantarappakāsanatthaṃ puna dassito. Tato eva ca ‘‘chandamūlakā dhammā manasikārasamuṭṭhānā phassasamodhānā vedanāsamosaraṇā’’ti ‘‘paññuttarā kusalā dhammā’’ti, ‘‘vimuttisāramidaṃ brahmacariya’’nti, ‘‘nibbānogadhañhi āvuso brahmacariyaṃ nibbānapariyosāna’’nti [saṃ. ni. 3.512 (atthato samānaṃ)] ca suttapadānaṃ vasena chandassa mūlalakkhaṇa’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Tesaṃ tesaṃ dhammānaṃ tathaṃ avitathaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti atthaṃ dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘eva’’</span>ntiādinā. Taṃ pana gamanaṃ idha ñāṇagamanamevāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ñāṇagatiyā’’</span>ti. Satipi gatasaddassa avabodhanatthabhāve ñāṇagamanattheneveso siddhoti na vutto. Ā-saddassa cettha gatasaddānuvattimattameva. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘patto anuppatto’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aviparītasabhāvattā <span class="bld">‘‘tathadhammā nāma cattāri ariyasaccānī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Aviparītasabhāvato <a name="V1.0275"></a> <span class="bld">tathāni.</span> Amusāsabhāvato <span class="bld">avitathāni.</span> Aññākārarahitato <span class="bld">anaññathāni.</span> Saccasaṃyuttādīsu āgataṃ paripuṇṇasaccacatukkakathaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘iti vitthāro’’</span>ti āha. <span class="bld">‘‘Tasmā’’</span>ti vatvā tadaparāmasitabbameva dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘tathānaṃ abhisambuddhattā’’</span>ti iminā. Esa nayo īdisesu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ saccavasena catutthakāraṇaṃ dassetvā idāni paccayapaccayuppannabhāvena aviparītasabhāvattā tathabhūtānaṃ paṭiccasamuppādaṅgānaṃ vasenāpi dassento <span class="bld">‘‘apicā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">jātipaccayasambhūtasamudāgataṭṭho</span>ti jātipaccayā sambhūtaṃ hutvā sahitassa attano paccayānurūpassa uddhaṃ uddhaṃ āgatasabhāvo, anupavattaṭṭhoti <span class="bld">attho.</span> Atha vā sambhūtaṭṭho ca samudāgataṭṭho ca <span class="bld">sambhūtasamudāgataṭṭho</span> pubbapade uttarapadalopavasena. Samāhāradvandepi hi pulliṅgamicchanti neruttikā. Na cettha jātito jarāmaraṇaṃ na hoti, na ca jātiṃ vinā aññato hotīti <span class="bld">jātipaccayasambhūtaṭṭho. </span> Itthameva jātito samudāgacchatīti jāti <span class="bld">paccayasamudāgataṭṭho. </span> Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yā yā jāti yathā yathā paccayo <a name="M1.0313"></a> hoti, tadanurūpaṃ pātubhūtasabhāvoti. Paccayapakkhe pana <span class="bld">avijjāya saṅkhārānaṃ paccayaṭṭho</span>ti ettha na avijjā saṅkhārānaṃ paccayo na hoti, na ca avijjaṃ vinā saṅkhārā uppajjanti. Yā yā avijjā yesaṃ yesaṃ saṅkhārānaṃ yathā yathā paccayo hoti, ayaṃ avijjā saṅkhārānaṃ paccayaṭṭho paccayasabhāvoti attho. <span class="bld">Tathānaṃ dhammāna</span>nti paccayākāradhammānaṃ. ‘‘Sugato’’tiādīsu (pārā. 1) viya gamusaddassa buddhiyatthataṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘abhisambuddhattā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, na ñāṇagamanatthaṃ. Gatibuddhiyatthā hi saddā aññamaññapariyāyā. Tasmā ‘‘abhisambuddhattho hettha gatasaddo’’ti adhikāro, gamyamānattā vā na payutto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ nāma atthi, taṃ bhagavā jānāti passatīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Sadevake…pe… pajāyā</span>ti ādhāro ‘‘atthī’’ti padeti puna <span class="bld">aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsa</span>ūti taṃnivāsasattāpekkhāya, āpāthagamanāpekkhāya vā vuttaṃ. Tena bhagavatā vibhajjamānaṃ taṃ rūpāyatanaṃ tathameva hotīti yojetabbaṃ. Tathāvitathabhāve kāraṇamāha <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ jānatā passatā’’</span>ti. Sabbākārato ñātattā passitattāti hi hetvantogadhametaṃ padadvayaṃ. <span class="bld">Iṭṭhāniṭṭhādivasenā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena majjhattaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Tathā atītānāgatapaccuppannaparittaajjhattabahiddhātadubhayādibhedampi. <span class="bld">Labbhamānakapadavasenā</span>ti ‘‘rūpāyatanaṃ diṭṭhaṃ saddāyatanaṃ sutaṃ gandhāyatanaṃ rasāyatanaṃ phoṭṭhabbāyatanaṃ mutaṃ sabbaṃ rūpaṃ manasā viññāta’’nti (dha. sa. 966) vacanato diṭṭhapadañca viññātapadañca rūpārammaṇe labbhati. Rūpārammaṇaṃ iṭṭhaṃ aniṭṭhaṃ majjhattaṃ parittaṃ atītaṃ anāgataṃ <a name="V1.0276"></a> paccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ bahiddhā diṭṭhaṃ viññātaṃ rūpaṃ rūpāyatanaṃ rūpadhātu vaṇṇanibhā sanidassanaṃ sappaṭighaṃ nīlaṃ pītakanti evamādīhi <span class="bld">anekehi nāmehi.</span> ‘‘Iṭṭhāniṭṭhādivasenā’’tiādinā hi anekanāmabhāvaṃ sarūpato nidasseti. <span class="bld">Terasahi vārehī</span>ti dhammasaṅgaṇiyaṃ rūpakaṇḍe (dha. sa. 615) āgate terasa niddesavāre sandhāyāha. Ekekasmiṃ vāre cettha catunnaṃ catunnaṃ vavatthāpananayānaṃ vasena <span class="bld">‘‘dvipaññāsāya nayehī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Tathamevā</span>ti yathāvuttena jānanena appaṭivattiyadesanatāya, yathāvuttena ca passanena aviparītadassitāya saccameva. Tamatthaṃ caturaṅguttare <span class="bld">kāḷakārāmasuttena</span> (a. ni. 4.24) sādhento <span class="bld">‘‘vuttañceta’’</span>ntiādimāha. <span class="bld">Ca</span>-saddo cettha daḷhīkaraṇajotako, tena <a name="M1.0314"></a> yathāvuttassatthassa daḷhīkaraṇaṃ joteti, sampiṇḍanattho vā aṭṭhānapayutto, na kevalaṃ mayā eva, atha kho bhagavatāpīti. <span class="bld">Anuvicarita</span>nti paricaritaṃ. <span class="bld">Jānāmi abbhaññāsi</span>nti paccuppannātītakālesu ñāṇappavattidassanena anāgatepi ñāṇappavatti dassitāyeva nayato dassitattā. <span class="bld">Vidita</span>-saddo pana anāmaṭṭhakālaviseso kālattayasādhāraṇattā ‘‘diṭṭhaṃ suttaṃ muta’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 3.187; ma. ni. 1.7; saṃ. ni. 2.208; a. ni. 4.23; paṭi. ma. 1.121) viya, pākaṭaṃ katvā ñātanti attho, iminā cetaṃ dasseti ‘‘aññe jānantiyeva, mayā pana pākaṭaṃ katvā vidita’’nti. Bhagavatā hi imehi padehi sabbaññubhūmi nāma kathitā. <span class="bld">Na upaṭṭhāsī</span>ti taṃ chadvārikamārammaṇaṃ taṇhāya vā diṭṭhiyā vā tathāgato attattaniyavasena na upaṭṭhāsi na upagacchati, iminā pana padena khīṇāsavabhūmi kathitā. Yathā rūpārammaṇādayo dhammā yaṃsabhāvā, yaṃpakārā ca, tathā te dhamme taṃsabhāve taṃpakāre gamati passati jānātīti <span class="bld">tathāgato</span>ti imamatthaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘tathadassīatthe’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Anekatthā hi dhātusaddā. Keci pana niruttinayena, pisodarādigaṇapakkhepena (pārā. aṭṭha. 1; visuddhi. 1.142) vā dassī-saddalopaṃ, āgata-saddassa cāgamaṃ katvā ‘‘tathāgato’’ti padasiddhimettha vaṇṇenti, tadayuttameva vijjamānapadaṃ chaḍḍetvā avijjamānapadassa gahaṇato. Vuttañca <span class="bld">buddhavaṃsaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tathākārena yo dhamme, jānāti anupassati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tathadassīti sambuddho, tasmā vutto tathāgato’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. aṭṭha. ratanacaṅkamanakaṇḍavaṇṇanā);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha <span class="bld">‘‘anupassatī’’</span>ti āgatasaddatthaṃ vatvā tadidaṃ ñāṇapassanamevāti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘jānātī’’</span>ti, saddādhigatamatthaṃ pana vibhāvetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tathadassī’’</span>ti ca vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yaṃ</span> <a name="V1.0277"></a> <span class="bld">ratti</span>nti yassa rattiyaṃ, accantasaṃyoge vā etaṃ upayogavacanaṃ rattekadesabhūtassa abhisambujjhanakkhaṇassa accantasaṃyogattā, sakalāpi vā esā ratti abhisambodhāya padahanakālattā pariyāyena accantasaṃyogabhūtāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Pathavīpukkhalaniruttarabhūmisīsagatattā na parājito aññehi etthāti <span class="bld">aparājito,</span> sveva pallaṅkoti <span class="bld">aparājitapallaṅko,</span> tasmiṃ. <span class="bld"> Tiṇṇaṃmārāna</span>nti kilesābhisaṅkhāradevaputtamārānaṃ, idañca nippariyāyato vuttaṃ, pariyāyato pana heṭṭhā vuttanayena pañcannampi mārānaṃ <a name="M1.0315"></a> maddanaṃ veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Matthaka</span>nti sāmatthiyasaṅkhātaṃ sīsaṃ. <span class="bld">Etthantare</span>ti ubhinnaṃ rattīnamantare. <span class="bld">‘‘Paṭhamabodhiyāpī’’</span>tiādinā pañcacattālīsavassaparimāṇakālameva antogadhabhedena niyametvā viseseti. Tāsu pana vīsativassaparicchinnā paṭhamabodhīti <span class="bld">vinayagaṇṭhipade</span> vuttaṃ, tañca tadaṭṭhakathāyameva ‘‘bhagavato hi paṭhamabodhiyaṃ vīsativassantare nibaddhupaṭṭhāko nāma natthī’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.16) kathitattā paṭhamabodhi nāma vīsativassānīti gahetvā vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> pana ‘‘pañcacattālīsāya vassesu ādito pannarasa vassāni paṭhamabodhī’’ti vuttaṃ, evañca sati majjhe pannarasa vassāni majjhimabodhi, ante pannarasa vassāni pacchimabodhīti tiṇṇaṃ bodhīnaṃ samappamāṇatā siyā, tampi yuttaṃ. Pannarasatikena hi pañcacattālīsavassāni paripūrenti. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana pannarasavassappamāṇāya paṭhamabodhiyā vīsativassesuyeva antogadhattā ‘‘paṭhamabodhiyaṃ vīsativassantare’’ti vuttanti evampi sakkā viññātuṃ. ‘‘Yaṃ sutta’’ntiādinā sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Niddosatāya <span class="bld">anupavajjaṃ</span> anupavadanīyaṃ. Pakkhipitabbābhāvena <span class="bld">anūnaṃ.</span> Apanetabbābhāvena <span class="bld">anadhikaṃ. </span> Atthabyañjanādisampattiyā <span class="bld">sabbākāraparipuṇṇaṃ.</span> Nimmadanahetu <span class="bld">nimmadanaṃ. Vālaggamattampī</span>ti vāladhilomassa koṭippamāṇampi. <span class="bld">Avakkhalita</span>nti virādhitaṃ musā bhaṇitaṃ. <span class="bld">Ekamuddikāyā</span>ti ekarājalañchanena. <span class="bld">Ekanāḷiyā</span>ti ekāḷhakena, ekatumbena vā. <span class="bld">Ekatulāyā</span>ti ekamānena. <span class="bld">‘‘Tathamevā’’</span>ti vuttamevatthaṃ <span class="bld">no aññathā</span>ti byatirekato dasseti, tena yadatthaṃ bhāsitaṃ, ekantena tadatthanipphādanato yathā bhāsitaṃ bhagavatā, tathāyevāti aviparītadesanataṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">‘‘Gadattho’’</span>ti etena tathaṃ gadati bhāsatīti <span class="bld">tathāgato da</span>-kārassa ta-kāraṃ, niruttinayena ca ākārāgamaṃ katvā, dhātusaddānugatena vā ākārenāti nibbacanaṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ ‘‘sugato’’tiādīsu (pārā. 1) viya dhātusaddanipphattiparikappena niruttiṃ dassetvā bāhiratthasamāsenapi dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘apicā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Āgadana</span>nti sabbahitanipphādanato bhusaṃ kathanaṃ vacanaṃ, tabbhāvamatto vā <span class="bld">ā</span>-saddo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā <a name="V1.0278"></a><a name="M1.0316"></a> gatamassāti <span class="bld">tathāgato.</span> Yathā vācāya gataṃ pavatti, tathā kāyassa, yathā vā kāyassa gataṃ pavatti, tathā vācāya assa, tasmā tathāgatoti attho. Tadeva nibbacanaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘bhagavato’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha hi <span class="bld">‘‘gato pavatto, gatā pavattā’’</span>ti ca etena kāyavacīkiriyānaṃ aññamaññānulomanavacanicchāya kāyassa, vācāya ca pavatti idha gata-saddena kathitāti dasseti, <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃbhūtassā’’</span>tiādinā bāhiratthasamāsaṃ, <span class="bld">‘‘yathā tathā’’</span>ti etena yaṃtaṃ-saddānaṃ abyabhicāritasambandhatāya ‘‘tathā’’ti vutte ‘‘yathā’’ti ayamattho upaṭṭhitoyeva hotīti tathāsaddatthaṃ, <span class="bld">‘‘vādī kārī’’</span>ti etena pavattisarūpaṃ, <span class="bld">‘‘bhagavato hī’’</span>ti etena yathāvādītathākāritādikāraṇanti. <span class="bld">‘‘Evaṃbhūtassā’’</span>ti yathāvādītathākāritādinā pakārena pavattassa, imaṃ pakāraṃ vā pattassa. <span class="bld">Itī</span>ti vuttappakāraṃ niddisati. Yasmā panettha gata-saddo vācāya pavattimpi dasseti, tasmā kāmaṃ tathāvāditāya tathāgatoti ayampi attho siddho hoti, so pana pubbe pakārantarena dassitoti pārisesanayena tathākāritāatthameva dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ tathākāritāya tathāgato’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Vuttañca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yathā vācā gatā yassa,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Tathā kāyo gato yato;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Yathā kāyo tathā vācā,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tato satthā tathāgato’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhavaggaṃ pariyantaṃ katvāti sambandho. Yaṃ paneke vadanti ‘‘tiriyaṃ viya upari, adho ca santi aparimāṇā lokadhātuyo’’ti, tesaṃ taṃ paṭisedhetuṃ evaṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Vimuttiyā</span>ti phalena. <span class="bld">Vimuttiñāṇadassanenā</span>ti paccavekkhaṇāñāṇasaṅkhātena dassanena. <span class="bld">Tulo</span>ti sadiso. <span class="bld">Pamāṇa</span>nti minanakāraṇaṃ. Pare abhibhavati guṇena ajjhottharati adhiko bhavatīti <span class="bld">abhibhū.</span> Parehi na abhibhūto ajjhotthaṭoti <span class="bld">anabhibhūto.</span> <span class="bld">Aññadatthū</span>ti ekaṃsavacane nipāto. Dassanavasena <span class="bld">daso,</span> sabbaṃ passatīti attho. Pare attano vasaṃ vattetīti <span class="bld">vasavattī. </span></p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgato’’ti ayaṃ na saddato labbhati, saddato pana evanti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tatreva’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">agado</span>ti dibbāgado agaṃ rogaṃ dāti avakhaṇḍati, natthi vā gado rogo etenāti katvā<a name="M1.0317"></a>, tassadisaṭṭhena idha desanāvilāsassa, puññussayassa ca agadatā labbhatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘agado viyā’’</span>ti. Yāya dhammadhātuyā desanāvijambhanappattā, sā <span class="bld">desanāvilāso. Dhammadhāta</span>ūti ca sabbaññutaññāṇameva. Tena hi dhammānamākārabhedaṃ ñatvā tadanurūpaṃ <a name="V1.0279"></a> desanaṃ niyāmeti. Desanāvilāsoyeva <span class="bld">desanāvilāsamayo</span> yathā ‘‘dānamayaṃ sīlamaya’’nti (dī. ni. 3.305; itivu. 60; netti. 34) adhunā pana potthakesu bahūsupi maya-saddo na dissati. <span class="bld">Puññussayo</span>ti ussanaṃ, atirekaṃ vā ñāṇādisambhārabhūtaṃ puññaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Tenā’’</span>tiādi opammasampādanaṃ. <span class="bld">Tenā</span>ti ca tadubhayena desanāvilāsena ceva puññussayena ca so bhagavā abhibhavatīti sambandho. <span class="bld">‘‘Itī’’</span>tiādinā bāhiratthasamāsaṃ dasseti. Sabbalokābhibhavanena <span class="bld">tatho,</span> na aññathāti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tathāya gato</span>ti purimasaccattayaṃ sandhāyāha, <span class="bld">tathaṃ gato</span>ti pana pacchimasaccaṃ. Catusaccānukkamena cettha gata-saddassa atthacatukkaṃ vuttaṃ. Vācakasaddasannidhāne upasagganipātānaṃ tadatthajotanabhāvena pavattanato gata-saddoyeva anupasaggo avagatatthaṃ, atītatthañca vadatīti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘avagato atīto’’</span>ti iminā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Tatthā’’</span>tiādi tabbivaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Loka</span>nti dukkhasaccabhūtaṃ lokaṃ. Tathāya tīraṇapariññāyāti yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Lokanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipada</span>nti ariyamaggaṃ, na pana abhisambujjhanamattaṃ. Tattha kattabbakiccampi katamevāti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘lokasmā tathāgato visaṃyutto’’</span>tiādinā saccacatukkepi dutiyapakkhaṃ vuttaṃ, abhisambujjhanahetuṃ vā etehi dasseti. Tatoyeva hi tāni abhisambuddhoti. ‘‘Yaṃ bhikkhave, sadevakassa lokassa samārakassa sabrahmakassa sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ pattaṃ pariyesitaṃ anuvicaritaṃ manasā, sabbaṃ taṃ tathāgatena abhisambuddhaṃ, tasmā tathāgatoti vuccatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.23) aṅguttarāgame <span class="bld">catukkanipāte</span> āgataṃ pāḷimimaṃ peyyālamukhena dasseti, tañca atthasambandhatāya eva, na imassatthassa sādhakatāya. Sā hi peyyālaniddiṭṭhā pāḷi tathadassitā atthassa sādhikāti. <span class="bld">‘‘Tassapi evaṃ attho veditabbo’’</span>ti iminā sādhyasādhakasaṃsandanaṃ karoti. <span class="bld">‘‘Idampi cā’’</span>tiādinā tathāgatapadassa mahāvisayataṃ<a name="M1.0318"></a>, aṭṭhavidhassāpi yathāvuttakāraṇassa nidassanamattañca dasseti. Tattha <span class="bld">ida</span>nti atibyāsarūpena vuttaṃ aṭṭhavidhaṃ kāraṇaṃ, <span class="bld">pi</span>-saddo, <span class="bld">api</span>-saddo vā sambhāvane ‘‘itthampi mukhamattameva, pageva aññathā’’ti. <span class="bld">Tathāgatabhāvadīpane</span>ti tathāgatanāmadīpane. Guṇena hi bhagavā tathāgato nāma, nāmena ca bhagavati tathāgata-saddoti. ‘‘Asaṅkhyeyyāni nāmāni, saguṇena mahesino’’tiādi (udā. aṭṭha. 306; paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 1.277) hi vuttaṃ. Appamādapadaṃ viya sakalakusaladhammapaṭipattiyā sabbabuddhaguṇānaṃ tathāgatapadaṃ saṅgāhakanti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sabbākārenā’’</span>tiādimāha<a name="V1.0280"></a>. <span class="bld">Vaṇṇeyyā</span>ti parikappavacanametaṃ ‘‘vaṇṇeyya vā, na vā vaṇṇeyyā’’ti. Vuttañca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Buddhopi buddhassa bhaṇeyya vaṇṇaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Kappampi ce aññamabhāsamāno;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Khīyetha kappo ciradīghamantare,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vaṇṇo na khīyetha tathāgatassā’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.304; 3.141; udā. aṭṭha. 52; apa. aṭṭha. 2.7.20; bu. vaṃ. aṭṭha. koṇḍaññabuddhavaṃsavaṇṇanā; cariyā. pakiṇṇakakathā); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Samatthane vā etaṃ ‘‘so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭa’’ntiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 2.23) viyātipi vadanti keci.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ panettha aṭṭhakathāmuttako nayo – abhinīhārato paṭṭhāya yāva sammāsambodhi, etthantare mahābodhiyānapaṭipattiyā hānaṭṭhānasaṃkilesanivattīnaṃ abhāvato yathāpaṇidhānaṃ tathāgato abhinīhārānurūpaṃ paṭipannoti <span class="bld">tathāgato.</span> Atha vā mahiddhikatāya, paṭisambhidānaṃ ukkaṃsādhigamena anāvaraṇañāṇatāya ca katthacipi paṭighātābhāvato yathāruci, tathā kāyavacīcittānaṃ gatāni gamanāni pavattiyo etassāti <span class="bld">tathāgato.</span> Apica yasmā loke vidhayuttagatapakārasaddā samānatthā dissanti, tasmā yathā vidhā vipassiādayo bhagavanto nikhilasabbaññuguṇasamaṅgitāya, ayampi bhagavā tathā vidhoti <span class="bld">tathāgato,</span> yathā yuttā ca te bhagavanto vuttanayena, ayampi bhagavā tathā yuttoti <span class="bld">tathāgato.</span> Aparo nayo-yasmā saccaṃ tacchaṃ tathanti ñāṇassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ, tasmā tathena ñāṇena āgatoti <span class="bld">tathāgato</span>ti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pahāya <a name="M1.0319"></a> kāmādimale yathā gatā,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Samādhiñāṇehi vipassiādayo;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Mahesino sakyamunī jutindharo,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tathā gato tena <span class="bld">tathāgato</span> mato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tathañca dhātāyatanādilakkhaṇaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sabhāvasāmaññavibhāgabhedato;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Sayambhuñāṇena <a name="V1.0281"></a> jino samāgato,</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Tathāgato</span> vuccati sakyapuṅgavo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tathāni saccāni samantacakkhunā,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Tathā idappaccayatā ca sabbaso;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Anaññaneyyena yato vibhāvitā,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yāthāvato tena jino <span class="bld">tathāgato.</span></p>
<p class="gatha1">Anekabhedāsupi lokadhātūsu,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Jinassa rūpāyatanādigocare;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Vicittabhede tathameva dassanaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Tathāgato</span> tena samantalocano.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yato ca dhammaṃ tathameva bhāsati,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Karoti vācāyanulomamattano;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Guṇehi lokaṃ abhibhuyyirīyati,</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Tathāgato</span> tenapi lokanāyako.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yathābhinīhāramato yathāruci,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Pavattavācātanucittabhāvato;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Yathāvidhā yena purā mahesino,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tathāvidho tena jino <span class="bld">tathāgato.</span></p>
<p class="gatha1">Yathā ca yuttā sugatā purātanā,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Tathāva yutto tathañāṇato ca so;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Samāgato tena samantalocano,</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Tathāgato</span> vuccati sakyapuṅgavo’’ti. (itivu. aṭṭha. 38 thokaṃ visadisaṃ); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Saṅgahagāthā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Katamañca <a name="V1.0282"></a><a name="M1.0320"></a> taṃ bhikkhave’’ti ayaṃ kassa pucchāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yenā’’</span>tiādi. Evaṃ sāmaññato yathāvuttassa sīlamattakassa pucchābhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni pucchāvisesabhāvañāpanatthaṃ <span class="bld">mahāniddese</span> (mahāni. 150) āgatā sabbāva pucchā atthuddhāravasena dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘tattha pucchā nāmā’’</span>tiādinā. Tattha <span class="bld">tatthā</span>ti ‘‘taṃ katamanti pucchatī’’ti ettha yadetaṃ sāmaññato pucchāvacanaṃ vuttaṃ, tasmiṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pakatiyā</span>ti attano dhammatāya, sayamevāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Lakkhaṇa</span>nti yo koci ñātumicchito sabhāvo. <span class="bld">Aññāta</span>nti dassanādivisesayuttena, itarena vā yena kenacipi ñāṇena aññātaṃ. Avatthāvisesāni hi ñāṇadassanatulanatīraṇāni. <span class="bld">Adiṭṭha</span>nti dassanabhūtena ñāṇena paccakkhamiva adiṭṭhaṃ. <span class="bld">Atulita</span>nti ‘‘ettakameta’’nti tulanabhūtena atulitaṃ. <span class="bld">Atīrita</span>nti ‘‘evamevida’’nti tīraṇabhūtena akatañāṇakiriyāsamāpanaṃ. <span class="bld">Avibhūta</span>nti ñāṇassa apākaṭabhūtaṃ. <span class="bld">Avibhāvita</span>nti ñāṇena apākaṭakataṃ. <span class="bld">Tassā</span>ti yathāvuttalakkhaṇassa. Adiṭṭhaṃ jotīyati pakāsīyati etāyāti <span class="bld">adiṭṭhajotanā. Saṃsandanatthāyā</span>ti sākacchāvasena vinicchayakaraṇatthāya. Saṃsandanañhi sākacchāvasena vinicchayakaraṇaṃ. Diṭṭhaṃ saṃsandīyati etāyāti <span class="bld">diṭṭhasaṃsandanā.</span> <span class="bld">‘‘Saṃsayapakkhando’’</span>tiādīsu daḷhataraṃniviṭṭhā vicikicchā <span class="bld">saṃsayo.</span> Nātisaṃsappanamatibhedamattaṃ <span class="bld">vimati.</span> Tatopi appataraṃ ‘‘evaṃ nu kho, na nu kho’’tiādinā dvidhā viya pavattaṃ <span class="bld">dveḷhakaṃ.</span> Dvidhā elati kampati cittametenāti hi <span class="bld">dveḷhakaṃ</span> hapaccayaṃ, sakatthavuttikapaccayañca katvā, tena jāto, taṃ vā jātaṃ yassāti <span class="bld">dveḷhakajāto.</span> Vimati chijjati etāyāti <span class="bld">vimaticchedanā.</span> <span class="bld">Anattalakkhaṇasuttādīsu</span> (saṃ. ni. 3.59) āgataṃ khandhapañcakapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ pucchaṃ sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘sabbaṃ vattabba’’</span>nti. Anumatiyā pucchā <span class="bld">anumatipucchā.</span> <span class="bld">‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave’’</span>tiādipucchāya hi ‘‘kā tumhākaṃ anumatī’’ti anumati pucchitā hoti. <span class="bld">Kathetukamyatā</span>ti kathetukāmatāya. ‘‘Aññāṇatā āpajjatī’’tiādīsu (pārā. 295) viya hi ettha ya-kāralopo, karaṇatthe vā paccattavacanaṃ, kathetukamyatāya vā pucchā <span class="bld">kathetukamyatāpucchā</span>tipi vaṭṭati. Atthato pana sabbāpi tathā pavattavacanaṃ, taduppādako vā cittuppādoti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadatthaṃ <a name="M1.0321"></a> panāyaṃ niddesanayo āharito, tassa pucchāvisesabhāvassa ñāpanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘imāsū’’</span>tiādimāha. Cittābhogo <span class="bld">samannāhāro. </span> Bhusaṃ, samantato ca saṃsappanā kaṅkhā <span class="bld">āsappanā, parisappanā</span> ca. <span class="bld">Sabbā kaṅkhā chinnā</span> sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānena aggamaggena samucchindanato. Paresaṃ anumatiyā, kathetukamyatāya ca dhammadesanāsambhavato, tathā eva tattha tattha <a name="V1.0283"></a> diṭṭhattā ca vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘avasesā pana dve pucchā buddhānaṃ atthī’’</span>ti. Yā panetā ‘‘sattādhiṭṭhānā pucchā dhammādhiṭṭhānā pucchā ekādhiṭṭhānā pucchā anekādhiṭṭhānā pucchā’’tiādinā aparāpi anekadhā pucchāyo niddese āgatā, tā sabbāpi niddhāretvā idha avicayanaṃ ‘‘alaṃ ettāvatāva, atthikehi pana iminā nayena niddhāretvā vicetabbā’’ti nayadānassa sijjhanatoti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para8"></a><span class="paranum">8</span>. Pucchā ca nāmesā vissajjanāya satiyeva yuttarūpāti codanāya <span class="bld">‘‘idānī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Atipātanaṃ <span class="bld">atipāto.</span> <span class="bld">Ati</span>-saddo cettha atirekattho. Sīghabhāvo eva ca atirekatā, tasmā saraseneva patanasabhāvassa antarā eva atirekaṃ pātanaṃ, saṇikaṃ patituṃ adatvā sīghaṃ pātananti attho, abhibhavanattho vā, atikkamma satthādīhi abhibhavitvā pātananti vuttaṃ hoti, vohāravacanametaṃ ‘‘atipāto’’ti. Atthato pana pakaraṇādivasenādhigatattā <span class="bld">pāṇavadho pāṇaghātoti vuttaṃ hotī</span>ti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Vohārato</span>ti paññattito. <span class="bld">Satto</span>ti khandhasantāno. Tattha hi sattapaññatti. Vuttañca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yathā hi aṅgasambhārā, hoti saddo ratho iti;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ khandhesu santesu, hoti sattoti sammutī’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.171);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Jīvitindriya</span>nti rūpārūpajīvitindriyaṃ. Rūpajīvitindriye hi vikopite itarampi taṃsambandhatāya vinassati. Kasmā panettha ‘‘pāṇassa atipāto’’ti, ‘‘pāṇoti cettha vohārato satto’’ti ca ekavacananiddeso kato, nanu niravasesānaṃ pāṇānaṃ atipātato virati idha adhippetā. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampīti sabbe pāṇabhūte’’tiādinā (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.7) bahuvacananiddesanti? Saccametaṃ, pāṇabhāvasāmaññena panettha ekavacananiddeso kato, tattha pana sabbasaddasannidhānena <a name="M1.0322"></a> puthuttaṃ suviññāyamānamevāti sāmaññaniddesamakatvā bhedavacanicchāvasena bahuvacananiddeso kato. Kiñca bhiyyo – sāmaññato saṃvarasamādānaṃ, tabbisesato saṃvarabhedoti imassa visesassa ñāpanatthampi ayaṃ vacanabhedo katoti veditabbo. <span class="bld">‘‘Pāṇassa atipāto’’</span>tiādi hi saṃvarabhedadassanaṃ. ‘‘Sabbe pāṇabhūte’’tiādi pana saṃvarasamādānadassananti. Saddavidū pana ‘‘īdisesu ṭhānesu jātidabbāpekkhavasena vacanabhedamattaṃ, atthato samāna’’nti vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tasmiṃ pana pāṇe</span>ti yathāvutte dubbidhepi pāṇe. <span class="bld">Pāṇasaññino</span>ti pāṇasaññāsamaṅgino puggalassa<a name="V1.0284"></a>. Yāya pana cetanāya pavattamānassa jīvitindriyassa nissayabhūtesu mahābhūtesu upakkamakaraṇahetu taṃmahābhūtapaccayā uppajjanakamahābhūtā nuppajjissanti, sā tādisapayogasamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā pāṇātipātoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘jīvitindriyupacchedakaupakkamasamuṭṭhāpikā’’</span>ti, jīvitindriyupacchedakassa kāyavacīpayogassa tannissayesu mahābhūtesu samuṭṭhāpikāti attho. Laddhupakkamāni hi bhūtāni purimabhūtāni viya na visadāni, tasmā samānajātiyānaṃ bhūtānaṃ kāraṇāni na hontīti tesuyeva upakkame kate tato parānaṃ asati antarāye uppajjamānānaṃ bhūtānaṃ, tannissitassa ca jīvitindriyassa upacchedo hoti. <span class="bld">‘‘Kāyavacīdvārāna’’</span>nti etena vitaṇḍavādimataṃ manodvāre pavattāya vadhakacetanāya pāṇātipātabhāvaṃ paṭikkhipati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Payogavatthumahantatādīhi mahāsāvajjatā tehi paccayehi uppajjamānāya cetanāya balavabhāvato veditabbā. Ekassāpi hi payogassa sahasā nipphādanavasena, kiccasādhikāya bahukkhattuṃ pavattajavanehi laddhāsevanāya ca sanniṭṭhāpakacetanāya vasena payogassa mahantabhāvo. Satipi kadāci khuddake ceva mahante ca pāṇe payogassa samabhāve mahantaṃ hanantassa cetanā tibbatarā uppajjatīti vatthussa mahantabhāvo. Iti ubhayampetaṃ cetanāya balavabhāveneva hoti. Satipi ca payogavatthūnaṃ amahantabhāve hantabbassa guṇamahattenapi tattha pavattaupakāracetanā viya khettavisesanipphattiyā apakāracetanāpi balavatī, tibbatarā ca uppajjatīti tassā mahāsāvajjatā daṭṭhabbā<a name="M1.0323"></a>. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘guṇavantesū’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">‘‘Kilesāna’’</span>ntiādinā pana satipi payogavatthuguṇānaṃ amahantabhāve kilesupakkamānaṃ mudutibbatāya cetanāya dubbalabalavabhāvavasena appasāvajjamahāsāvajjabhāvo veditabboti dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sambharīyanti saharīyanti etehīti <span class="bld">sambhārā,</span> aṅgāni. Tesu pāṇasaññitā, vadhakacittañca pubbabhāgiyānipi honti. <span class="bld">Upakkamo</span> pana vadhakacetanāsamuṭṭhāpito sahajātova. Pañcasambhāravatī pana pāṇātipātacetanāti sā pañcasambhāravinimuttā daṭṭhabbā. Esa nayo adinnādānādīsupi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāha – khaṇe khaṇe nirujjhanasabhāvesu saṅkhāresu ko hanti, ko vā haññati, yadi cittacetasikasantāno, evaṃ so anupatāpanachedanabhedanādivasena na vikopanasamattho, nāpi vikopanīyo, atha rūpasantāno, evampi so acetanatāya kaṭṭhakaliṅgarūpamoti na tattha chedanādinā pāṇātipāto labbhati yathā matasarīre. Payogopi pāṇātipātassa paharaṇappakārādiatītesu <a name="V1.0285"></a> vā saṅkhāresu bhaveyya, anāgatesu vā paccuppannesu vā. Tattha na tāva atītānāgatesu sambhavati tesaṃ abhāvato. Paccuppannesu ca saṅkhārānaṃ khaṇikattā saraseneva nirujjhanasabhāvatāya vināsābhimukhesu nippayojano eva payogo siyā. Vināsassa ca kāraṇarahitattā na paharaṇappakārādipayogahetukaṃ maraṇaṃ, nirīhakatāya ca saṅkhārānaṃ kassa so payogo, khaṇikattā vadhādhippāyasamakālabhijjanakassa kiriyāpariyosānakālānavaṭṭhānato kassa vā pāṇātipātakammabaddhoti?</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vuccate – vadhakacetanāsahito saṅkhārānaṃ puñjo sattasaṅkhāto hanti, tena pavattitavadhappayoganimittāpagatusmāviññāṇajīvitindriyo matavohārappavattinibandhano yathāvuttavadhappayogākaraṇe uppajjanāraho rūpārūpadhammasamūho haññati, kevalo vā cittacetasikasantāno, vadhappayogāvisayabhāvepi tassa pañcavokārabhave rūpasantānādhīnavuttitāya rūpasantāne parena payojitajīvitindriyupacchedakapayogavasena tannibbattivibandhakavisadisarūpuppattiyā vihate vicchedo hotīti na pāṇātipātassa asambhavo, nāpi ahetuko pāṇātipāto, na ca payogo nippayojano paccuppannesu saṅkhāresu katapayogavasena tadanantaraṃ uppajjanārahassa saṅkhārakalāpassa tathāanuppattito, khaṇikānaṃ <a name="M1.0324"></a> saṅkhārānaṃ khaṇikamaraṇassa idha maraṇabhāvena anadhippetattā santatimaraṇassa ca yathāvuttanayena sahetukabhāvato na ahetukaṃ maraṇaṃ, na ca katturahito pāṇātipātappayogo nirīhakesupi saṅkhāresu sannihitatāmattena upakārakesu attano attano anurūpaphaluppādananiyatesu kāraṇesu kattuvohārasiddhito yathā ‘‘padīpo pakāseti, nisākaro candimā’’ti, na ca kevalassa vadhādhippāyasahabhuno cittacetasikakalāpassa pāṇātipāto icchito santānavasena avaṭṭhitasseva paṭijānanato, santānavasena pavattamānānañca padīpādīnaṃ attakiriyāsiddhi dissatīti attheva pāṇātipātena kammabaddhoti. Ayañca vicāro adinnādānādīsupi yathāsambhavaṃ vibhāvetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sāhatthiko</span>ti sayaṃ mārentassa kāyena vā kāyapaṭibaddhena vā paharaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Āṇattiko</span>ti aññaṃ āṇāpentassa ‘‘evaṃ vijjhitvā vā paharitvā vā mārehī’’ti āṇāpanaṃ. <span class="bld">Nissaggiyo</span>ti dūre ṭhitaṃ māretukāmassa kāyena vā kāyapaṭibaddhena vā usuyantapāsāṇādīnaṃ nissajjanaṃ. <span class="bld">Thāvaro</span>ti asañcārimena upakaraṇena māretukāmassa opātāpassenaupanikkhipanaṃ, bhesajjasaṃvidhānañca. <span class="bld">Vijjāmayo</span>ti māraṇatthaṃ mantaparijappanaṃ āthabbaṇikādīnaṃ viya. Āthabbaṇikā hi āthabbaṇaṃ payojenti nagare vā ruddhe saṅgāme vā paccupaṭṭhite paṭisenāya paccatthikesu paccāmittesu ītiṃ uppādenti upaddavaṃ uppādenti rogaṃ uppādenti pajjarakaṃ uppādenti <a name="V1.0286"></a> sūcikaṃ uppādenti visūcikaṃ karonti pakkhandiyaṃ karonti. Vijjādharā ca vijjaṃ parivattetvā nagare vā ruddhe…pe… pakkhandiyaṃ karonti. <span class="bld">Iddhimayo</span>ti kammavipākajiddhimayo dāṭhākoṭanādīni viya. Piturañño kira sīhaḷanarindassa dāṭhākoṭanena cūḷasumanakuṭumbiyassa maraṇaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">‘‘Imasmiṃ panatthe’’</span>tiādinā ganthagāravaṃ pariharitvā tassa anūnabhāvampi karoti <span class="bld">‘‘atthikehī’’</span>tiādinā. Idha avuttopi hi esa attho atidisanena vutto viya anūno paripuṇṇoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dussīlassa bhāvo <span class="bld">dussīlyaṃ,</span> yathāvuttā cetanā. ‘‘Pahāyā’’ti ettha tvā-saddo pubbakāleti āha <span class="bld">‘‘pahīnakālato paṭṭhāyā’’</span>ti, hetuatthataṃ vā sandhāya evaṃ vuttaṃ. Etena hi pahānahetukā idhādhippetā samucchedanikā viratīti dasseti. Kammakkhayañāṇena hi pāṇātipātadussīlyassa <a name="M1.0325"></a> pahīnattā bhagavā accantameva tato paṭiviratoti vuccati samucchedavasena pahānaviratīnamadhippetattā. Kiñcāpi ‘‘pahāya paṭivirato’’ti padehi vuttānaṃ pahānaviramaṇānaṃ purimapacchimakālatā natthi, maggadhammānaṃ pana sammādiṭṭhiādīnaṃ, paccayabhūtānaṃ sammāvācādīnañca paccayuppannabhūtānaṃ paccayapaccayuppannabhāve apekkhite sahajātānampi paccayapaccayuppannabhāvena gahaṇaṃ purimapacchimabhāvena viya hoti. Paccayo hi purimataraṃ paccayasattiyā ṭhito, tato paraṃ paccayuppannaṃ paccayasattiṃ paṭicca pavattati, tasmā gahaṇappavattiākāravasena sahajātādipaccayabhūtesu sammādiṭṭhiādīsu pahāyakadhammesu pahānakiriyāya purimakālavohāro, tappaccayuppannāsu ca viratīsu viramaṇakiriyāya aparakālavohāro sambhavati. Tasmā ‘‘sammādiṭṭhiādīhi pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya sammāvācādīhi pāṇātipātā paṭivirato’’ti pāḷiyaṃ attho daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ panettha aṭṭhakathāmuttako nayo – pahānaṃ samucchedavasena viratipaṭippassaddhivasena yojetabbā, tasmā maggena pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya phalena pāṇātipātā paṭiviratoti attho. Apica pāṇo atipātīyati etenāti pāṇātipāto, pāṇaghātahetubhūto dhammasamūho. Ko paneso? Ahirikānottappadosamohavihiṃsādayo kilesā. Te hi bhagavā ariyamaggena pahāya samugghāṭetvā pāṇātipātadussīlyato accantameva paṭivirato kilesesu pahīnesu tannimittakammassa anuppajjanato, tasmā maggena pāṇātipātaṃ yathāvuttakilesaṃ pahāya teneva pāṇātipātā dussīlyacetanā paṭiviratoti attho. Esa nayo ‘‘adinnādānaṃ pahāyā’’tiādīsupi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Orato</span> <a name="V1.0287"></a> <span class="bld">virato</span>ti pariyāyavacanametaṃ, pati-visaddānaṃ vā paccekaṃ yojetabbato tathā vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Orato</span>ti hi avarato abhimukhaṃ rato, tena ujukaṃ viramaṇavasena sātisayataṃ dasseti. Paṭiratassa cetaṃ atthavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Virato</span>ti visesena rato, tena saha vāsanāya viramaṇabhāvaṃ, ubhayena pana samucchedaviratibhāvaṃ vibhāveti. <span class="bld">Eva</span>-saddo pana tassā viratiyā kālādivasena apariyantataṃ dassetuṃ vutto. So ubhayattha yojetabbo. Yathā hi aññe samādinnaviratikāpi anavaṭṭhitacittatāya lābhajīvitādihetu samādānaṃ bhinnanti, na evaṃ bhagavā, sabbaso <a name="M1.0326"></a> pahīnapāṇātipātattā panesa accantavirato evāti. <span class="bld">‘‘Natthi tassā’’</span>tiādinā <span class="bld">eva</span>-saddena dassitaṃ yathāvuttamatthaṃ nivattetabbatthavasena samattheti. Tattha <span class="bld">vītikkamissāmī</span>ti uppajjanakā dhammāti saha pāṭhasesena sambandho. Te pana anavajjadhammehi vokiṇṇā antarantarā uppajjanakā dubbalā sāvajjā dhammā, yasmā ca ‘‘kāyavacīpayogaṃ upalabhitvā imassa kilesā uppannā’’ti viññunā sakkā ñātuṃ, tasmā te imināva pariyāyena <span class="bld">‘‘cakkhusotaviññeyyā’’</span>ti vuttā, na pana cakkhusotaviññāṇārammaṇattā. Ato sasambhārakathāya cakkhusotehi, tannissitaviññāṇehi vā kāyikavācasikapayogamupalabhitvā manoviññāṇena viññeyyāti attho daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Kāyikā</span>ti kāyena katā pāṇātipātādinipphādakā balavanto akusalā. ‘‘Kāḷakā’’ tipi ṭīkāyaṃ uddhatapāṭho, kaṇhapakkhikā balavanto akusalāti attho. <span class="bld">‘‘Imināvā’’</span>tiādinā nayadānaṃ karoti, tañca kho ‘‘adinnādānaṃ pahāya adinnādānā paṭivirato’’tiādipadesu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pāpe sametīti <span class="bld">samaṇo,</span> gotamasamaññā, tena gottenasambandho gotamoti atthaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘samaṇoti bhagavā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Gottavasena laddhavohāroti sambandho. Brahmadattena bhāsitavaṇṇānusandhiyā imissā desanāya pavattanato, tena ca bhikkhusaṅghavaṇṇassāpi bhāsitattā bhikkhusaṅghavaṇṇopi vuttanayena desitabbo, so na desito. Kiṃ so pāṇātipātā paṭiviratabhāvo bhikkhusaṅghassa na vijjatīti anuyogamapanento <span class="bld">‘‘na kevalañcā’’</span>tiādimāha. Evaṃ sati kasmā na desitoti punānuyogaṃ pariharati <span class="bld">‘‘desanā panā’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Eva</span>nti evameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāyamadhippāyo –‘‘atthi bhikkhave, aññe ca dhammā’’tiādinā anaññasādhāraṇe buddhaguṇe ārabbha upari desanaṃ vaḍḍhetukāmo bhagavā ādito paṭṭhāya ‘‘tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyyā’’tiādinā buddhaguṇavaseneva desanaṃ ārabhi, na bhikkhusaṅghaguṇavasenāpi. Esā hi bhagavato desanāya pakati, yadidaṃ ekaraseneva desanaṃ dassetuṃ labbhamānassāpi kassaci <a name="V1.0288"></a> aggahaṇaṃ. Tathā hi rūpakaṇḍe dukādīsu, tanniddesesu ca hadayavatthu na gahitaṃ. Itaravatthūhi asamānagatikattā desanābhedo hotīti. Yathā hi cakkhuviññāṇādīni <a name="M1.0327"></a> ekantato cakkhādinissayāni, na evaṃ manoviññāṇaṃ ekantena hadayavatthunissayaṃ āruppe tadabhāvato, nissayanissitavasena ca vatthudukādidesanā pavattā ‘‘atthi rūpaṃ cakkhuviññāṇassa vatthu, atthi rūpaṃ na cakkhuviññāṇassa vatthū’’tiādinā. Yampi manoviññāṇaṃ ekantato hadayavatthunissayaṃ, tassa vasena ‘‘atthi rūpaṃ manoviññāṇassa vatthū’’tiādinā dukādīsu vuccamānesupi na tadanurūpā ārammaṇadukādayo sambhavanti. Na hi ‘‘atthi rūpaṃ manoviññāṇassa ārammaṇaṃ, atthi rūpaṃ na manoviññāṇassa ārammaṇa’’nti sakkā vattuṃ tadanārammaṇarūpassābhāvatoti vatthārammaṇadukā bhinnagatikā siyuṃ, tasmā na ekarasā desanā bhaveyyāti na vuttaṃ, tathā nikkhepakaṇḍe cittuppādavibhāgena visuṃ avuccamānattā avitakkaavicārapadavissajjane ‘‘vicāro cā’’ti vattuṃ na sakkāti āvitakkavicāramattapadavissajane labbhamānopi vitakko na uddhato. Aññathā hi ‘‘vitakko cā’’ti vattabbaṃ siyā, evamevidhāpi bhikkhusaṅghaguṇo na desitoti. Kāmaṃ saddato evaṃ na desito, atthato pana brahmadattena bhāsitavaṇṇassa anusandhidassanavasena imissā desanāya āraddhattā dīpetuṃ vaṭṭatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘atthaṃ panā’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatthāyaṃ dīpanā – ‘‘pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato samaṇassa gotamassa sāvakasaṅgho nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho’’ti vitthāretabbaṃ. Nanu dhammassāpi vaṇṇo brahmadattena bhāsitoti? Saccaṃ bhāsito, so pana sammāsambuddhapabhavattā, ariyasaṅghādhārattā ca dhammassa dhammānubhāvasiddhattā ca tesaṃ, tadubhayavaṇṇadīpaneneva dīpitoti visuṃ na uddhato. Saddhammānubhāveneva hi bhagavā, bhikkhusaṅgho ca pāṇātipātādippahānasamattho hoti. Atthāpattivasena paraviheṭhanassa parivajjitabhāvadīpanatthaṃ daṇḍasatthānaṃ nikkhepavacanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘parūpaghātatthāyā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Avattanato</span>ti apavattanato, asañcaraṇato vā. Nikkhitto daṇḍo yenāti <span class="bld">nikkhittadaṇḍo.</span> Tathā <span class="bld">nikkhittasattho.</span> Majjhimassa purisassa catuhatthappamāṇo cettha <span class="bld">daṇḍo.</span> Tadavaseso muggarakhaggādayo <span class="bld">satthaṃ,</span> tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ettha cā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Viheṭhanabhāvato</span>ti vihiṃ sanabhāvato, etena sasati hiṃsati anenāti <span class="bld">sattha</span>nti atthaṃ dasseti. ‘‘Parūpaghātatthāyā’’tiādinā āpannamatthaṃ <a name="M1.0328"></a> vivarituṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yaṃ panā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Kataro</span> jiṇṇo, tassa, tenavā ālambito daṇḍo <span class="bld">kattaradaṇḍo.</span> Dantasodhanaṃ kātuṃ yoggaṃ kaṭṭhaṃ <span class="bld">dantakaṭṭhaṃ,</span> na pana dantasodhanakaṭṭhaṃ. ‘‘Dantakaṭṭhavāsiṃ vā’’tipi pāṭho, dantakaṭṭhacchedanakavāsinti attho. Khuddakaṃ nakhacchedanādikiccanipphādakaṃ <a name="V1.0289"></a> satthaṃ <span class="bld">pipphalikaṃ.</span> Idaṃ pana bhikkhusaṅghādhīnavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Bhikkhusaṅghavasenapi dīpetuṃ vaṭṭatī’’</span>ti vuttatā tassāpi ekadesena dīpanatthaṃ vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Lajjā-saddo hiriatthoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘pāpajigucchanalakkhaṇāyā’’</span>ti. Dhammagarutāya hi buddhānaṃ, dhammassa ca attādhīnattā attādhipatibhūtā lajjāva vuttā, na lokādhipatibhūtaṃ ottappaṃ. Apica ‘‘lajjī’’ti ettha vuttalajjāya ottappampi vuttameva, tasmā <span class="bld">lajjā</span>ti hiriottappānamadhivacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Na hi pāpajigucchanaṃ pāputtāsanarahitaṃ, pāpabhayaṃ vā alajjanaṃ nāma atthīti. ‘‘Dayaṃ mettacittataṃ āpanno’’ti kasmā vuttaṃ, nanu dayā-saddo ‘‘dayāpanno’’tiādīsu karuṇāyapi vattatīti? Saccametaṃ, ayaṃ pana dayāsaddo anurakkhaṇatthaṃ antonītaṃ katvā pavattamāno mettāya, karuṇāya ca pavattatīti idha mettāya pavattamāno vutto karuṇāya, vakkhamānattā. Midati sinehatīti <span class="bld">mettā,</span> sā etassa atthīti <span class="bld">mettaṃ,</span> mettaṃ cittaṃ etassāti <span class="bld">mettacitto,</span> mettāya sampayuttaṃ cittaṃ etassāti vā, tassa bhāvo <span class="bld">mettacittatā</span> mettā eva mūlabhūtena tannimittena puggalasmiṃ buddhiyā, saddassa ca pavattanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Pāṇabhūte</span>ti pāṇajāte’’ti vuttaṃ. Evaṃ sati pāṇo bhūto yesanti pāṇabhūtāti nibbacanaṃ kattabbaṃ. Atha vā jīvitindriyasamaṅgitāya pāṇasaṅkhāte taṃtaṃkammānurūpaṃ pavattanato bhūtanāmake satteti attho. <span class="bld">Anukampako</span>ti karuṇāyanako. Yasmā pana mettā karuṇāya visesapaccayo hoti, tasmā purimapadatthabhūtā mettā eva paccayabhāvena <span class="bld">‘‘tāya eva dayāpannatāyā’’</span>ti vuttā. Iminā hi padena karuṇāya gahitāya yehi dhammehi pāṇātipātā paṭivirati sampajjati, tehi lajjāmettākaruṇāhi samaṅgibhāvo yathākkamaṃ padattayena dassito. Paradukkhāpanayanakāmatāpi hi hitānukampanamevāti avassaṃ ayamattho sampaṭicchitabboti. Imāya pāḷiyā, saṃvaṇṇanāya ca tassā viratiyā sattavasena apariyantataṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Viharatī</span>ti <a name="M1.0329"></a> ettha <span class="bld">vi</span>-saddo vicchindanatthe, <span class="bld">hara</span>-saddo nayanatthe, nayanañca nāmetaṃ idha pavattanaṃ, yāpanaṃ, pālanaṃ vāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘iriyati yapeti yāpeti pāletī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Yapeti yāpetī</span>ti cettha pariyāyavacanaṃ. Tasmā yathāvuttappakāro hutvā ekasmiṃ iriyāpathe uppannaṃ dukkhaṃ aññena iriyāpathena vicchinditvā harati pavatteti, attabhāvaṃ vā yāpeti pāletīti attho veditabbo. <span class="bld">Iti vā hī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">hi</span>-saddo vacanasiliṭṭhatāmatte kassacipi tena jotitatthassa abhāvato. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ vā bhikkhave’’</span>ti. Visuṃ kappanameva attho <span class="bld">vikappattho</span>ti so anekabhinnesuyeva atthesu <a name="V1.0290"></a> labbhati, anekabhedā ca atthā uparivakkhamānā evāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘upari adinnā…pe… apekkhitvā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">‘‘Eva’’</span>ntiādi ganthagāravapariharaṇaṃ, nayadānaṃ vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni sampiṇḍanatthaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘ayaṃ panetthā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">na hanatī</span>ti na hiṃsati. <span class="bld">Na ghātetī</span>ti na vadhati. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti pāṇātipāte. <span class="bld">Samanuñño</span>ti santuṭṭho. <span class="bld">Aho vata re</span>ti bhonto ekaṃsato acchariyāti attho. <span class="bld">Ācārasīlamattaka</span>nti sādhujanācāramattakaṃ, <span class="bld">matta</span>-saddo cettha visesanivattiattho, tena indriyasaṃvarādiguṇehipi lokiyaputhujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vattuṃ na sakkotīti dasseti. Tathā hi indriyasaṃvarapaccayaparibhogasīlāni idha na vibhattāni. <span class="bld">Eva</span>-saddo padapūraṇamattaṃ, matta-saddena vā yathāvuttatthassāvadhāraṇaṃ karoti, eva-saddena ācārasīlameva vattuṃ sakkotīti sanniṭṭhānaṃ. Evamīdisesu. ‘‘Iti vā hi bhikkhave puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyyā’’ti vacanasāmatthiyeneva taduttari guṇaṃ vattuṃ na sakkhissati. ‘‘Taṃ vo upari vakkhāmī’’ti ca atthassāpajjanato tathāpannamatthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘upari asādhāraṇabhāva’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Na kevalañcā’’</span>tiādinā puggalavivecanena pana ‘‘puthujjano’’ti idaṃ nidassanamattanti dassitaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Ito para’’</span>ntiādinā ganthagāravaṃ pariharati. Pubbe vuttaṃ padaṃ <span class="bld">pubbapadaṃ,</span>na pubbapadaṃ tathā, na pubbaṃ vā <span class="bld">apubbaṃ,</span> tameva padaṃ tathā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Saddantarayogena dhātūnamatthavisesavācakattā <span class="bld">‘‘ādāna’’</span>nti etassa gahaṇanti attho daṭṭhabbo, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘haraṇa’’</span>ntiādi. <span class="bld">Parassā</span>ti attasantakato parabhūtassa santakassa, yo vā attato añño, so <a name="M1.0330"></a> puggalo paro nāma, tassa idaṃ <span class="bld">para</span>ntipi yujjati, <span class="bld">‘‘parasaṃharaṇa’’</span>ntipi pāṭho, <span class="bld">saṃ</span>-saddo cettha dhanattho,parasantakaharaṇanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Theno</span> vuccati coro, tassa bhāvo <span class="bld">theyyaṃ,</span> corakammaṃ. <span class="bld">Corikā</span>ti corassa kiriyā. Tadatthaṃ vivarati <span class="bld">‘‘tatthā’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti ‘‘ādinnādāna’’nti pade. Parapariggahitameva ettha <span class="bld">adinnaṃ,</span> na pana dantapoṇasikkhāpade viya appaṭiggahitakaṃ attasantakanti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">‘‘Yattha paro’’</span>tiādi ubhayattha sambandho āvuttiyādinayena. Tasmā ‘‘taṃ parapariggahitaṃ nāma, tasmiṃ parapariggahite’’ti ca yojetabbaṃ. Yathākāmaṃ karotīti <span class="bld">yathākāmakārī,</span> tassa bhāvo <span class="bld">yathākāmakaritā,</span> taṃ. Tathārucikaraṇaṃ āpajjantoti attho. Sasantakattā <span class="bld">adaṇḍāraho</span> dhanadaṇḍarājadaṇḍavasena. <span class="bld">Anupavajjo ca</span> codanāsāraṇādivasena. Taṃ parapariggahitaṃ ādiyati etenāti <span class="bld">tadādāyako,</span> sveva upakkamo, taṃ samuṭṭhāpetīti <span class="bld">tadādāyakaupakkamasamuṭṭhāpikā.</span> Theyyā eva cetanā <span class="bld">theyyacetanā.</span> Khuddakatāappagghatādivasena <span class="bld">hīne. </span> Mahantatāmahagghatādivasena <span class="bld">paṇīte.</span> Kasmā? Vatthuhīnatāyāti gamyamānattā na vuttaṃ, hīne, hīnaguṇānaṃ santake ca cetanā dubbalā, paṇīte, paṇītaguṇānaṃ santake <a name="V1.0291"></a> ca balavatīti heṭṭhā vuttanayena tehi kāraṇehi appasāvajjamahāsāvajjatā veditabbā. Ācariyā pana hīnapaṇītato khuddakamahante visuṃ gahetvā ‘‘idhāpi khuddake parasantake appasāvajjaṃ, mahante mahāsāvajjaṃ. Kasmā? Payogamahantatāya. Vatthuguṇānaṃ pana samabhāve sati kilesānamupakkamānañca mudutāya appasāvajjaṃ, tibbatāya mahāsāvajjanti ayampi nayo yojetabbo’’ti vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sāhatthikādayo</span>ti ettha parasantakassa sahatthā gahaṇaṃ <span class="bld">sāhatthiko.</span> Aññe āṇāpetvā gahaṇaṃ <span class="bld">āṇattiko.</span> Antosuṅkaghāte ṭhitena bahisuṅkaghātaṃ pātetvā gahaṇaṃ <span class="bld">nissaggiyo. </span> ‘‘Asukaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ yadā sakkosi, tadā avaharā’’ti atthasādhakāvahāranipphādakena, āṇāpanena vā, yadā kadāci parasantakavināsakena sappitelakumbhiādīsu dukūlasāṭakacammakhaṇḍādipakkhipanādinā vā gahaṇaṃ <span class="bld">thāvaro.</span> Mantaparijappanena gahaṇaṃ <span class="bld">vijjāmayo.</span> Vinā mantena, kāyavacīpayogehi tādisaiddhiyogena parasantakassa ākaḍḍhanaṃ <span class="bld">iddhimayo.</span> Kāyavacīpayogesu <a name="M1.0331"></a> hi santesuyeva iddhimayo avaharaṇapayogo hoti, no asantesu. Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘anāpatti bhikkhave, iddhimassa iddhivisaye’’ti (pārā. 159), te ca kho payogā yathānurūpaṃ pavattāti sambandho. Tesaṃ pana payogānaṃ sabbesaṃ sabbattha avahāresu asambhavato <span class="bld">‘‘yathānurūpa’’</span>nti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sandhicchedādīni katvā adissamānena vā, kūṭamānakūṭakahāpaṇādīhi vañcanena vā, avaharaṇaṃ <span class="bld">theyyāvahāro.</span> Pasayha balasā abhibhuyya santajjetvā, bhayaṃ dassetvā vā avaharaṇaṃ <span class="bld">pasayhāvahāro.</span> Parabhaṇḍaṃ paṭicchādetvā avaharaṇaṃ <span class="bld">paṭicchannāvahāro.</span> Bhaṇḍokāsaparikappavasena parikappetvā avaharaṇaṃ <span class="bld">parikappāvahāro.</span> Kusaṃ saṅkāmetvā avaharaṇaṃ <span class="bld">kusāvahāro.</span> <span class="bld">Iti</span>-saddena cettha ādiatthena, nidassananayena vā avasesā cattāro pañcakāpi gahitāti veditabbaṃ. Pañcannañhi pañcakānaṃ samodhānabhūtā pañcavīsati avahārā sabbepi adinnādānameva, aviññattiyā vā ariyāya viññattiyā vā dinnamevāti attho. <span class="bld">‘‘Dinnādāyī’’</span>ti idaṃ payogato parisuddhabhāvadassanaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Dinnapāṭikaṅkhī’’</span>ti idaṃ pana āsayatoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘cittenā’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Athenenā</span>ti ettha -saddo na-saddassa kāriyo, a-saddo vā eko nipāto na-saddatthoti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘na thenenā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Pāḷiyaṃ dissamānavākyāvatthikavibhattiyantapaṭirūpakatākaraṇena saddhiṃ samāsadassanametaṃ. Pakaraṇādhigate pana atthe viveciyamāne idha athenatoyeva sucibhūtatā adhigamīyati adinnādānādhikārattāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘athenattāyeva sucibhūtenā’’</span>ti tena hetālaṅkāravacanametanti <a name="V1.0292"></a> dasseti. Āhito ahaṃmāno etthāti <span class="bld">attā,</span> attabhāvo. Bhagavato pana so ruḷhiyā yathā taṃ nicchandarāgesu sattavohāro. Adati vā saṃsāradukkhanti <span class="bld">attā,</span> tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘attabhāvenā’’</span>ti. Padattayepi itthambhūtalakkhaṇe karaṇavacananti ñāpetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘athenaṃ…pe… katvā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Athenena attanā athenattā hutvā sucibhūtena attanā sucibhūtattā hutvā viharatītipi attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sesa</span>nti <a name="M1.0332"></a> ‘‘pahāya paṭivirato’’ti evamādikaṃ. Tañhi pubbe vuttanayaṃ. Kiñcāpi nayidha sikkhāpadavohārena virati vuttā, ito aññesu pana suttapadesesu, vinayābhidhammesu ca pavattavohārena viratiyo, cetanā ca adhisīlasikkhānamadhiṭṭhānabhāvato, tesamaññatarakoṭṭhāsabhāvato ca ‘‘sikkhāpada’’ntveva vattabbāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘paṭhamasikkhāpade’’</span>ti. Kāmañcettha ‘‘lajjī dayāpanno’’ti na vuttaṃ, adhikāravasena, pana atthato ca vuttamevāti veditabbaṃ. Yathā hi lajjādayo pāṇātipātappahānassa visesapaccayo, evaṃ adinnādānappahānassāpīti. Esa nayo ito paresupi. Atha vā <span class="bld">sucibhūtenā</span>ti hirottappādisamannāgamanaṃ, ahirikādīnañca pahānaṃ vuttamevāti ‘‘lajjī dayāpanno’’ti na vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Brahma</span>-saddo idha seṭṭhavācako, abrahmānaṃ nihīnānaṃ, abrahmaṃ vā nihīnaṃ cariyaṃ vutti <span class="bld">abrahmacariyaṃ,</span> methunadhammo. <span class="bld">Brahmaṃ seṭṭhaṃ ācāra</span>nti methunaviratiṃ. Na ācaratīti <span class="bld">anācārī,</span> [ārācārī (dī. ni. 1.8)] tadācāravirahitoti attho, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘abrahmacariyato dūracārī’’</span>ti. Dūro methunasaṅkhāto ācāro, so virahena yassatthīti <span class="bld">dūracārī,</span> methunadhammato vā dūro hutvā tabbiratiṃ ācaratīti <span class="bld">dūracārī</span>tipi vaṭṭati. Mithunānaṃ rāgapariyuṭṭhānena sadisānaṃ ubhinnaṃ ayaṃ <span class="bld">methuno</span>ti atthaṃ dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘rāgapariyuṭṭhānavasenā’’</span>tiādinā. Asataṃ dhammo ācāroti <span class="bld">asaddhammo,</span> tasmā. Abhedavohārena gāmasaddeneva gāmavāsino gahitāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘gāmavāsīna’’</span>nti, gāme vasataṃ dhammotipi yujjati. <span class="bld">‘‘Dūracārī’’</span>ti cettha vacanato, pāḷiyaṃ vā ‘‘methunā’’ tveva avatvā ‘‘gāmadhammā’’tipi vuttattā</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Idha brāhmaṇa, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā sammā brahmacārī paṭijānamāno na heva kho mātugāmena saddhiṃ dvayaṃdvayasamāpattiṃ samāpajjati, apica kho mātugāmassa ucchādanaparimaddananhāpanasambāhanaṃ sādiyati, so taṃ assādeti, taṃ nikāmeti, tena ca vittiṃ āpajjati, idampi kho brāhmaṇa brahmacariyassa khaṇḍampi chiddampi <a name="V1.0293"></a> sabalampi kammāsampi, ayaṃ vuccati brāhmaṇa aparisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati saṃyutto methunena saṃyogena, na parimuccati jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi <a name="M1.0333"></a> paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi, na parimuccati dukkhasmāti vadāmi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Puna caparaṃ…pe… napi mātugāmassa ucchādanaparimandananhāpanasambāhanaṃ sādiyati, apica kho mātugāmena saddhiṃ sañjagghati saṃkīḷati saṃkelāyati…pe… napi mātugāmena saddhiṃ sañjagghati saṃkīḷati saṃkelāyati, apica kho mātugāmassa cakkhunā cakkhuṃ upanijjhāyati pekkhati…pe… napi mātugāmassa cakkhunā cakkhuṃ upanijjhāyati pekkhati, apica kho mātugāmassa saddaṃ suṇāti tirokuṭṭaṃ vā tiropākāraṃ vā hasantiyā vā bhaṇantiyā vā gāyantiyā vā rodantiyā vā…pe… napi mātugāmassa saddaṃ suṇāti tirokuṭṭaṃ vā tiropākāraṃ vā hasantiyā vā bhaṇantiyā vā gāyantiyā vā rodantiyā vā, apica kho yānissa tāni pubbe mātugāmena saddhiṃ hasitalapitakīḷitāni, tāni anussarati…pe… napi yānissa tāni pubbe mātugāmena saddhiṃ hasitalapitakīḷitāni, tāni anussarati, apica kho passati gahapatiṃ vā gahapatiputtaṃ vā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitaṃ samaṅgibhūtaṃ paricārayamānaṃ…pe… napi passati gahapatiṃ vā gahapatiputtaṃ vā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitaṃ samaṅgibhūtaṃ paricārayamānaṃ, apica kho aññataraṃ devanikāyaṃ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṃ carati ‘‘imināhaṃ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’’ti. So taṃ assādeti, taṃ nikāmeti, tena ca vittiṃ āpajjati. Idampi kho brāhmaṇa brahmacariyassa khaṇḍampi chiddampi sabalampi kammāsampi. Ayaṃ vuccati brāhmaṇa, aparisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati saṃyutto methunena saṃyogena, na parimuccati jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi, na parimuccati dukkhasmāti vadāmī’’ti (a. ni. 7.50) –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aṅguttarāgame sattakanipāte jāṇusoṇisutte āgatā sattavidhamethunasaṃyogāpi paṭivirati dassitāti daṭṭhabbā. Idhāpi asaddhammasevanādhippāyena kāyadvārappavattā maggenamaggapaṭipattisamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā abrahmacariyaṃ<a name="M1.0334"></a>. Pañcasikkhāpadakkame micchācāre pana agamanīyaṭṭhānavītikkamacetanā yathāvuttā kāmesu micchācāroti yojetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="V1.0294"></a> agamanīyaṭṭhānaṃ nāma purisānaṃ tāva māturakkhitādayo dasa, dhanakkītādayo dasāti vīsati itthiyo. Itthīsu pana dasannaṃ dhanakkītādīnaṃ, sārakkhasaparidaṇḍānañca vasena dvādasannaṃ aññe purisā. Ye paneke vadanti ‘‘cattāro kāmesu micchācārā akālo, adeso, anaṅgo, adhammo cā’’ti, te vippaṭipattimattaṃ pati parikappetvā vadanti. Na hi sāgamanīyaṭṭhāne pavattā vippaṭipatti micchācāro nāma sambhavati. Sā panesā duvidhāpi vippaṭipatti guṇavirahite appasāvajjā, guṇasampanne mahāsāvajjā. Guṇarahitepi ca abhibhavitvā vippaṭipatti mahāsāvajjā, ubhinnaṃ samānacchandabhāve appasāvajjā, samānacchandabhāvepi kilesānaṃ, upakkamānañca mudutāya appasāvajjā, tibbatāya mahāsāvajjāti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassa pana abrahmacariyassa dve sambhārā sevetukāmatācittaṃ, maggenamaggapaṭipattīti. Micchācārassa pana cattāro sambhārā agamanīyavatthu, tasmiṃ sevanacittaṃ, sevanāpayogo, maggenamaggapaṭipattiadhivāsananti evaṃ aṭṭhakathāsu ‘‘cattāro sambhārā’’ti (dha. sa. akusalakammapathakathā; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.89; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 2.109-111) vuttattā abhibhavitvā vītikkamane maggenamaggapaṭipattiadhivāsane satipi purimuppannasevanābhisandhipayogābhāvato abhibhuyyamānassa micchācāro na hotīti vadanti keci. Sevanacitte sati payogābhāvo na pamāṇaṃ itthiyā sevanapayogassa yebhuyyena abhāvato, purisasseva yebhuyyena sevanapayogo hotīti itthiyā puretaraṃ sevanacittaṃ upaṭṭhapetvā nisinnāya [nipannāya (dha. sa. anuṭī. kammakathāvaṇṇanā)] micchācāro na siyāti āpajjati. Tasmā purisassa vasena ukkaṃsato ‘‘cattāro sambhārā’’ti vuttaṃ. Aññathā hi itthiyā purisakiccakaraṇakāle purisassāpi sevanāpayogābhāvato micchācāro na siyāti vadanti eke.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ panettha sanniṭṭhānaṃ – attano ruciyā pavattitassa sevanāpayogeneva sevanacittatāsiddhito agamanīyavatthu, sevanāpayogo, maggenamaggapaṭipattiadhivāsananti tayo, balakkārena pavattitassa purimuppannasevanābhisandhipayogābhāvato agamanīyavatthu, tasmiṃ sevanacittaṃ<a name="M1.0335"></a>, maggenamaggapaṭipattiadhivāsananti tayo, anavasesaggahaṇena pana vuttanayena cattāroti, tampi keciyeva vadanti, vīmaṃsitvā gahetabbanti <span class="bld">abhidhammānuṭīkāyaṃ</span> (dha. sa. anuṭī. akusalakammapathakathāvaṇṇanā) vuttaṃ. Eko payogo sāhatthikova.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para9"></a><span class="paranum">9</span>. <span class="bld">Musā</span>ti <a name="V1.0295"></a> tatiyanto, dutiyanto vā nipāto micchāpariyāyo, kiriyāpadhānoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘visaṃvādanapurekkhārassā’’</span>tiādi. Pure karaṇaṃ <span class="bld">purekkhāro,</span> visaṃvādanassa purekkhāro yassāti tathā, tassa kammapathappattameva dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘atthabhañjanako’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, parassa hitavināsakoti attho. Musāvādo pana sasantakassa adātukāmatāya, hasādhippāyena ca bhavati. Vacasā katā vāyāmappadhānā kiriyā <span class="bld">vacīpayogo.</span> Tathā kāyena katā <span class="bld">kāyapayogo. Visaṃvādanādhippāyo</span> pubbabhāgakkhaṇe, taṅkhaṇe ca. Vuttañhi ‘‘pubbevassa hoti ‘musā bhaṇissa’nti, bhaṇantassa hoti ‘musā bhaṇāmī’ti’’ (pārā. 200; pāci. 4) etadeva hi dvayaṃ aṅgabhūtaṃ. Itaraṃ ‘‘bhaṇitassa hoti ‘musā mayā bhaṇita’nti’’ (pārā. 200; pāci. 4) vuttaṃ pana hotu vā, mā vā, akāraṇametaṃ. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti visaṃvādakassa. ‘‘Cetanā’’ti etena sambandho. Visaṃ vādeti etenāti <span class="bld">visaṃvādanaṃ,</span> tadeva kāyavacīpayogo, taṃ samuṭṭhāpetīti tathā, iminā musāsaṅkhātena kāyavacīpayogena, musāsaṅkhātaṃ vā kāyavacīpayogaṃ vadati viññāpeti, samuṭṭhāpeti vā etenāti <span class="bld">musāvādo</span>ti atthamāha. ‘‘Vādo’’ti vutte visaṃvādanacittaṃ, tajjo vāyāmo, parassa tadatthavijānananti lakkhaṇattayaṃ vibhāvitameva hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Atathaṃ vatthu’’nti lakkhaṇaṃ pana avibhāvitameva musā-saddassa payogasaṅkhātakiriyāvācakattā. Tasmā idha naye lakkhaṇassa abyāpitatāya, musā-saddassa ca visaṃvāditabbatthavācakatāsambhavato paripuṇṇaṃ katvā musāvādalakkhaṇaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘aparo nayo’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Lakkhaṇato</span>ti sabhāvato. <span class="bld">Tathā</span>ti tena tathākārena. Kāyavacīviññattiyo samuṭṭhāpetīti <span class="bld">viññattisamuṭṭhāpikā.</span> Imasmiṃ pana naye musā vatthu vadīyati vuccati etenāti <span class="bld">musāvādo</span>ti nibbacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘So yamattha’’</span>ntiādinā kammapathappattassa vatthuvasena appasāvajjamahāsāvajjabhāvamāha. Yassa atthaṃ bhañjati, tassa appaguṇatāya appasāvajjo<a name="M1.0336"></a>, mahāguṇatāya mahāsāvajjoti adinnādāne viya guṇavasenāpi yojetabbaṃ. Kilesānaṃ mudutibbatāvasenāpi appasāvajjamahāsāvajjatā labbhatiyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Apicā’’</span>tiādinā musāvādasāmaññassāpi appasāvajjamahāsāvajjabhāvaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Attano santakaṃ adātukāmatāyā</span>ti, hi <span class="bld">hasādhippāyenā</span>ti ca musāvādasāmaññato vuttaṃ. Ubhayatthāpi ca visaṃvādanapurekkhāreneva musāvādo, na pana vacanamattena. Tattha pana cetanā balavatī na hotīti appasāvajjatā vuttā. <span class="bld">Nadī maññe</span>ti nadī viya. Appatāya ūnassa atthassa pūraṇavasena pavattā kathā <span class="bld">pūraṇakathā,</span> bahutarabhāvena vuttakathāti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tenākārena <a name="V1.0296"></a> jāto <span class="bld">tajjo,</span> tassa visaṃvādanassa anurūpoti attho. <span class="bld">Vāyāmo</span>ti vāyāmasīsena payogamāha. Vīriyappadhānā hi kāyikavācasikakiriyā idha adhippetā, na vāyāmamattaṃ. Visaṃvādanādhippāyena payoge katepi aparena tasmiṃ atthe aviññāte visaṃvādanassa asijjhanato parassa tadatthavijānanampi ekasambhārabhāvena vuttaṃ. Keci pana ‘‘abhūtavacanaṃ, visaṃvādanacittaṃ, parassa tadatthavijānana’’nti tayo sambhāre vadanti. Kāyikova sāhatthikoti koci maññeyyāti taṃ nivāraṇatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘so kāyena vā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tāya ce kiriyāya paro tamatthaṃ jānātīti taṅkhaṇe vā dandhatāya vicāretvā pacchā vā jānanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Aya</span>nti visaṃvādako. <span class="bld">Kiriyasamuṭṭhāpikacetanākkhaṇeyevā</span>ti kāyikavācasikakiriyasamuṭṭhāpikāya cetanāya pavattakkhaṇe eva. <span class="bld">Musāvādakammunā bajjhatī</span>ti visaṃvādanacetanāsaṅkhātena musāvādakammunā sambandhīyati, allīyatīti vā attho. Sacepi dandhatāya vicāretvā pacchā cirenāpi paro tadatthaṃ jānāti, sanniṭṭhāpakacetanāya nibbattattā taṅkhaṇeyeva bajjhatīti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Eko payogo sāhatthikovā’’</span>ti idaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathāsu āgatanayena vuttanti idha saṅgahaṭṭhakathāya saṅgahakārassa attano matibhedaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yasmā panā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">‘‘yathā…pe… tathā’’</span>ti etena sāhatthiko viya āṇattikādayopi gahetabbā, aggahaṇe kāraṇaṃ natthi parassa visaṃvādanabhāvena tassadisattāti dasseti<a name="M1.0337"></a>, <span class="bld">‘‘idamassa…pe… āṇāpentopī’’</span>ti āṇattikassa gahaṇe kāraṇaṃ, <span class="bld">‘‘paṇṇaṃ…pe… nissajjantopī’’</span>ti nissaggiyassa, <span class="bld">‘‘ayamattho…pe… ṭhapentopī’’</span>ti thāvarassa. Yasmā visaṃvādetīti sabbattha sambandho. <span class="bld">Paṇṇaṃ likhitvā</span>ti tālādīnaṃ paṇṇaṃ akkharena likhitvā, <span class="bld">paṇṇa</span>nti vā bhummatthe upayogavacanaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘tirokuṭṭādīsū’’ti [kuḍḍādīsu (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.8)] paṇṇe akkharaṃ lekhaniyā likhitvāti attho. <span class="bld">Vīmaṃsitvā gahetabbā</span>ti attanomatiyā sabbadubbalattā anattukkaṃsanena vuttaṃ. Kiñhettha vicāretabbakāraṇaṃ atthi sayameva vicāritattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sacca</span>nti vacīsaccaṃ, <span class="bld">saccena sacca</span>nti purimena vacīsaccena pacchimaṃ vacīsaccaṃ. Paccayavasena dhātupadantalopaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘sandahatī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Saddavidū pana –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vipubbo dhā karotyatthe, abhipubbo tu bhāsane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nyāsaṃpubbo yathāyogaṃ, nyāsāropanasandhisū’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented"><span class="bld">Dhā</span>-saddameva <a name="V1.0297"></a> ghaṭanatthe paṭhanti. Tasmā pariyāyavasena <span class="bld">‘‘sandahatī’’</span>ti vuttantipi daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tadadhippāyaṃ dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘na antarantarā’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">‘‘Yo hī’’</span>tiādi tabbivaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Antaritattā</span>ti antarā paricchinnattā. <span class="bld">Na tādiso</span>ti na evaṃvadanasabhāvo. <span class="bld">Jīvitahetupi,</span> pageva aññahetūti <span class="bld">api</span>-saddo sambhāvanattho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Saccato thetato’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.19) viya <span class="bld">theta</span>-saddo thirapariyāyo, thirabhāvo ca saccavāditādhikārattā kathāvasena veditabboti āha <span class="bld">‘‘thirakathoti attho’’</span>ti. Thitassa bhāvoti hi <span class="bld">theto,</span> thirabhāvo, tena yuttattā puggalo idha <span class="bld">theto</span> nāma. <span class="bld">Haliddī</span>ti suvaṇṇavaṇṇakandanipphattako gacchaviseso. <span class="bld">Thuso</span> nāma dhaññattaco, dhaññapalāso ca. <span class="bld">Kumbhaṇḍa</span>nti mahāphalo sūpasampādako latāviseso. <span class="bld">Indakhīlo</span> nāma gambhīranemo esikāthambho. Yathā haliddirāgādayo anavaṭṭhitasabhāvatāya na ṭhitā, evaṃ na ṭhitā kathā etassāti <span class="bld">naṭhitakatho</span> [nathirakatho (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.8)] yathā pāsāṇalekhādayo avaṭṭhitasabhāvatāya ṭhitā, evaṃ ṭhitā kathā etassāti <span class="bld">ṭhitakatho</span>ti <a name="M1.0338"></a> [thirakatho (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.8)] haliddirāgādayo yathā kathāya upamāyo honti, evaṃ yojetabbaṃ. Kathāya hi etā upamāyoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pattisaṅkhātā saddhā ayati pavattati etthāti <span class="bld">paccayiko</span>ti āha <span class="bld">‘‘pattiyāyitabbako’’</span>ti. Pattiyā ayitabbā pavattetabbāti <span class="bld">pattiyāyitabbā</span> ya-kārāgamena, vācā. Sā etassāti <span class="bld">pattiyāyitabbako,</span> tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘saddhāyitabbako’’</span>ti. Tadevatthaṃ byatirekena, anvayena ca dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ekacco hī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Vattabbataṃ āpajjati</span> visaṃvādanato. Itarapakkhe ca avisaṃvādanatoti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">‘‘Loka’’</span>nti etena <span class="bld">‘‘lokassā’’</span>ti ettha kammatthe chaṭṭhīti dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Satipi paccekaṃ pāṭhakkame aññāsu <span class="bld">abhidhammaṭṭhakathā</span> dīsu (dha. sa. aṭṭha. akusalakammapathakathā; ma. ni. 1.89) saṃvaṇṇanākkamena tiṇṇampi padānaṃ ekatthasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ kātuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yāya vācāyā’’</span>tiādimāha, yāya vācāya karotīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Parassā</span>ti yaṃ bhindituṃ taṃ vācaṃ bhāsati, tassa. <span class="bld">Ca</span>-saddo aṭṭhānapayutto, so dvandagabbhabhāvaṃ jotetuṃ kammadvaye payujjitabbo. <span class="bld">Suññabhāva</span>nti piyavirahitatāya rittabhāvaṃ. <span class="bld">Sā</span>ti yathāvuttā saddasabhāvā <span class="bld">vācā,</span> etena piyañca suññañca piyasuññaṃ, taṃ karoti etāyāti <span class="bld">pisuṇā</span> niruttinayenāti vacanatthaṃ dasseti, pisatīti vā <span class="bld">pisuṇā,</span> samagge satte avayavabhūte vaggabhinne karotīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pharusa</span>nti <a name="V1.0298"></a> sinehābhāvena lūkhaṃ. <span class="bld">Sayampi pharusā</span>ti domanassasamuṭṭhitattā sabhāvena sayampi kakkasā. Pharusasabhāvato <span class="bld">neva kaṇṇasukhā.</span> Atthavipannatāya <span class="bld">na hadayaṅgamā.</span> Ettha pana paṭhamanaye pharusaṃ karotīti vacanatthena vā phalūpacārena vā vācāya pharusasaddappavatti veditabbā. Dutiyanaye mammacchedavasena pavattiyā ekantaniṭṭhuratāya ruḷhisaddavasena sabhāvena, kāraṇūpacārena vā vācāya pharusasaddappavatti daṭṭhabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yenā</span>ti palāpasaṅkhātena niratthakavacanena. <span class="bld">Sampha</span>nti <span class="bld">‘‘sa’’</span>nti vuttaṃ sukhaṃ, hitañca phalati paharati vināsetīti atthena ‘‘sampha’’nti laddhanāmaṃ attano, paresañca anupakārakaṃ yaṃ kiñci atthaṃ, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘niratthaka’’</span>nti, iminā samphaṃ palapati etenāti <span class="bld">samphappalāpo</span>ti vacanatthaṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Tesa’’</span>ntiādinā <a name="M1.0339"></a> cetanāya phalavohārena pisuṇādisaddappavatti vuttā. <span class="bld">‘‘Sā evā’’</span>tiādinā pana cetanāya pavattiparikappanāya hetuṃ vibhāveti. Tattha ‘‘pahāyā’’tiādivacanasannidhānato tassāyeva ca pahātabbatā yuttito adhippetāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tāsu pisuṇavācādīsu. <span class="bld">Saṃkiliṭṭhacittassā</span>ti lobhena, dosena vā vibādhitacittassa, upatāpitacittassa vā, dūsitacittassāti vuttaṃ hoti, ‘‘cetanā’’ti etena sambandho. Yena saha paresaṃ bhedāya vadati, tassa attano piyakamyatāyāti attho. <span class="bld">Cetanā pisuṇavācā</span> nāma pisuṇaṃ vadanti etāyāti katvā. Samāsavisaye hi mukhyavasena attho gahetabbo, byāsavisaye upacāravasenāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Yassa yato bhedaṃ karoti, tesu abhinnesu appasāvajjaṃ, bhinnesu mahāsāvajjaṃ. Tathā kilesānaṃ mudutibbatāvisesesupi yojetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati, so bhijjatu vā, mā vā, tassa tadatthaviññāpanameva pamāṇanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tassa tadatthavijānana’’</span>nti. Bhedapurekkhāratāpiyakamyatānamekekapakkhipanena cattāro. Kammapathappatti pana bhinne eva. <span class="bld">Imesa</span>nti aniyamatāya parammukhāpavattānampi attano buddhiyaṃ parivattamāne sandhāya vuttanti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yesa’’</span>ntiādimāha. <span class="bld">Ito</span>ti idha padese, vuttānaṃ yesaṃ santike sutanti yojetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Dvinna’’</span>nti nidassanavacanaṃ bahūnampi sandhānato. <span class="bld">‘‘Mittāna’’</span>ntiādi <span class="bld">‘‘sandhāna’’</span>nti ettha kammaṃ, tena pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘bhinnāna’’nti etassa kammabhāvaṃ dasseti. Sandhānakaraṇañca nāma tesamanurūpakaraṇamevāti <a name="V1.0299"></a> vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘anukattā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Anuppadātā</span>ti anubalappadātā, anuvattanavasena vā padātā. Kassa pana anubalappadānaṃ, anuvattanañcāti? ‘‘Sahitāna’’nti vuttattā sandhānassāti viññāyatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sandhānānuppadātā’’</span>ti. Yasmā pana anubalavasena, anuvattanavasena ca sandhānassa padānaṃ ādānaṃ, rakkhaṇaṃ vā daḷhīkaraṇaṃ hoti, tasmā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘daḷhīkammaṃ kattā’’</span>ti. Āramanti etthāti <span class="bld">ārāmo.</span> Ramitabbaṭṭhānaṃ samaggoti hi tadadhiṭṭhānānaṃ vasena tabbisesanatā vuttā. ‘‘Samagge’’tipi paṭhanti, tadayuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yatthā’’</span>tiādivacanena viruddhattā. Yasmā pana ākārena vināpi ayamattho labbhati, tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘ayamevettha attho’’</span>ti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">samaggesū</span>ti samaggabhūtesu janakāyesu, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘te pahāyā’’</span>tiādi. Tappakatiyatthopi kattuatthovāti dasseti <a name="M1.0340"></a> <span class="bld">‘‘nandatī’’</span>ti iminā. Tappakatiyatthena hi ‘‘disvāpi sutvāpī’’ti vacanaṃ supapannaṃ hoti. Samagge karoti etāyāti <span class="bld">samaggakaraṇī.</span> Sāyeva vācā, taṃ bhāsitāti atthamāha <span class="bld">‘‘yā vācā’’</span>tiādinā. Tāya vācāya samaggakaraṇaṃ nāma. ‘‘Sukhā saṅghassa sāmaggī, samaggānaṃ tapo sukho’’tiādinā (dha. pa. 194) samaggānisaṃsadassanamevāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sāmaggiguṇaparidīpikamevā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Itara</span>nti tabbiparītaṃ bhedanikaṃ vācaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mammānī</span>ti duṭṭhārūni, tassadisatāya pana idha akkosavatthūni ‘‘mammānī’’ti vuccanti. Yathā hi duṭṭhārūsu yena kenaci vatthunā ghaṭitesu cittaṃ adhimattaṃ dukkhappattaṃ hoti, tathā tesu dasasujātiādīsu akkosavatthūsu pharusavācāya phusitamattesūti. Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘mammāni viya mammāni, yesu pharusavācāya chupitamattesu duṭṭhārūsu viya ghaṭṭitesu cittaṃ adhimattaṃ dukkhappattaṃ hoti, kāni pana tāni? Jātiādīni akkosavatthūnī’’ti (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.9) ‘‘yassa sarīrappadesassa satthādipaṭihanena bhusaṃ rujjanaṃ, so mammaṃ nāma. Idha pana yassa cittassa pharusavācāvasena domanassasaṅkhātaṃ bhusaṃ rujjanaṃ, taṃ mammaṃ viyāti mamma’’nti apare. Tāni mammāni chijjanti bhijjanti yenāti <span class="bld">mammacchedako,</span> sveva kāyavacīpayogo, tāni samuṭṭhāpetīti tathā. <span class="bld">Ekantapharusacetanā pharusā vācā</span> pharusaṃ vadanti etāyāti katvā. ‘‘Pharusacetanā’’ icceva avatvā <span class="bld">‘‘ekantapharusacetanā’’</span>ti vacanaṃ duṭṭhacittatāya eva pharusacetanā adhippetā, na pana savanapharusatāmattenāti ñāpanatthaṃ. <span class="bld">Tassā</span>ti ekantapharusacetanāya eva. <span class="bld">Āvibhāvattha</span>nti pharusavācābhāvassa pākaṭakaraṇatthaṃ. <span class="bld">Tassā</span>ti vā ekantapharusacetanāya eva, pharusavācābhāvassāti attho. <span class="bld">Tathevā</span>ti mātuvuttākāreneva, <span class="bld">uṭṭhāsi</span> anubandhitunti attho. <span class="bld">Saccakiriya</span>nti yaṃ ‘‘caṇḍā taṃ mahiṃsī anubandhatū’’ti vacanaṃ mukhena kathesi, taṃ mātucitte natthi, tasmā ‘‘taṃ mā hotu, yaṃ pana uppalapattampi mayhaṃ upari na patatū’’ti <a name="V1.0300"></a> kāraṇaṃ cittena cintesi, tadeva mātucitte atthi, tasmā ‘‘tameva hotū’’ti saccakaraṇaṃ, kattabbasaccaṃ vā. <span class="bld">Tatthevā</span>ti uṭṭhānaṭṭhāneyeva. <span class="bld">Baddhā viyā</span>ti yottādinā paribandhi viya. <span class="bld">Evaṃ mammacchedako</span>ti ettha savanapharusatāmattena mammacchedakatā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Payogo</span>ti <a name="M1.0341"></a> vacīpayogo. <span class="bld">Cittasaṇhatāyā</span>ti ekantapharusacetanāya abhāvamāha. Tatoyeva hi pharusavācā na hoti kammapathappattā, kammabhāvaṃ pana na sakkā vāretunti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Mātāpitaro hī’’</span>tiādināpi tadevatthaṃ samattheti. Evaṃ byatirekavasena cetanāpharusatāya pharusavācābhāvaṃ sādhetvā idāni tameva anvayavasena sādhetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yathā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Apharusā vācā na hoti</span> pharusā vācā hotiyevāti attho <span class="bld">sā</span>ti pharusavācā. <span class="bld">Ya</span>nti puggalaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāpi kammapathabhāvaṃ appattā appasāvajjā, itarā mahāsāvajjā. Tathā kilesānaṃ mudutibbatābhedepi yojetabbaṃ. Keci pana ‘‘yaṃ uddissa pharusavācā payujjati, tassa sammukhāyeva sīsaṃ etī’’ti vadanti, eke pana ‘‘parammukhāpi pharusavācā hotiyevā’’ti. Tatthāyamadhippāyo yutto siyā, sammukhā payoge agāravādīnaṃ balavabhāvato siyā cetanā balavatī, parassa ca tadatthavijānanaṃ, na tathā parammukhā. Yathā pana akkosite mate āḷahane katā khamanā upavādantarāyaṃ nivatteti, evaṃ parammukhā payuttāpi pharusavācā hotiyevāti sakkā ñātunti, tasmā ubhayatthāpi pharusavācā sambhavatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tathā hi parassa tadatthavijānanamaññatra tayova tassā sambhārā <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāsu</span> vuttāti. <span class="bld">Kupitacitta</span>nti akkosanādhippāyeneva vuttaṃ, na pana maraṇādhippāyena. Maraṇādhippāyena hi sati cittakope atthasiddhiyā, tadabhāve ca yathārahaṃ pāṇātipātabyāpādāva honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Elaṃ vuccati doso</span> ilati cittaṃ, puggalo vā kampati etenāti katvā. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nelaṅgo setapacchādo, ekāro vattatī ratho;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Anīghaṃ passa āyantaṃ, chinnasotaṃ abandhana’’nti. (saṃ. ni. 4.347; udā. 65; peṭako. 25); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Imissā udānagāthāya. Sīlañhettha niddosatāya ‘‘nela’’nti vuttaṃ. Tenevāha citto gahapati āyasmatā kāmabhūtherena puṭṭho saṃyuttāgamavare saḷāyatanavagge ‘‘nelaṅga’’nti kho bhante sīlānametaṃ adhivacana’’nti (saṃ. ni. 4.347) vācā nāma saddasabhāvā taṃtadatthanibandhanāti <a name="V1.0301"></a> sādurasasadisattā madhurameva byañjanaṃ, attho ca tabbhāvatoti atthameva sandhāya <span class="bld">byañjanamadhuratāya</span><a name="M1.0342"></a>, <span class="bld">atthamadhuratāyā’’</span>ti ca vuttaṃ. Visesanaparanipātopi hi loke dissati ‘‘agyāhito’’tiādīsu. Apica avayavāpekkhane sati ‘‘madhuraṃ byañjanaṃ yassā’’tiādinā vattabbo. <span class="bld">Sukhā</span>ti sukhakaraṇī, sukhahetūti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Kaṇṇasūla</span>nti kaṇṇasaṅkuṃ. Kaṇṇasaddena cettha sotaviññāṇapaṭibaddhatadanuvattakā viññāṇavīthiyo gahitā. Vohārakathā hesā suttantadesanā, tassā vaṇṇanā ca, tathā ceva vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sakalasarīre kopaṃ, pema’’</span>nti ca. Na hi hadayavatthunissito kopo, pemo ca sakalasarīre vattati. Esa nayo īdisesu. <span class="bld">Sukhena cittaṃ pavisati</span> yathāvuttakāraṇadvayenāti attho, aluttasamāso cesa yathā ‘‘amataṅgato’’ti. <span class="bld">Pure</span>ti guṇapāripure, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘guṇaparipuṇṇatāyā’’</span>ti. Pure saṃvaḍḍhā <span class="bld">porī,</span> tādisā nārī viyāti vācāpi <span class="bld">porī</span>ti atthamāha <span class="bld">‘‘pure’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Sukumārā</span>ti sutaruṇā. Upameyyapakkhe pana apharusatāya mudukabhāvo eva sukumāratā. <span class="bld">Purassā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">pura</span>-saddo tannivāsīvācako sahacaraṇavasena ‘‘gāmo āgato’’tiādīsu viya, tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘nagaravāsīna’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Esā</span>ti taṃsambandhīniddesā vācā. <span class="bld">Evarūpī kathā</span>ti atthattayena pakāsitā kathā. <span class="bld">Kantā</span>ti kāmitā tuṭṭhā yathā ‘‘pakkanto’’ti, māna-saddassa vā antabyappadeso, kāmiyamānāti attho. Yathā ‘‘anāpatti asamanubhāsantassā’’ti (pārā. 416, 430, 441) <span class="bld">manaṃ</span> appeti vaḍḍhetīti <span class="bld">manāpā,</span> tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘cittavuḍḍhikarā’’</span>ti. Tathākārinīti attho. Ato <span class="bld">bahuno janassā</span>ti idha sambandhe sāmivacanaṃ, na tu purimasmiṃ viya kattari.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kāmaṃ tehi vattumicchito attho sambhavati, so pana aphalattā bhāsitatthapariyāyena atthoyeva nāma na hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘anatthaviññāpikā’’</span>ti. Apica payojanatthābhāvato <span class="bld">anatthā,</span> vācā, taṃ viññāpikātipi vaṭṭati. <span class="bld">Akusalacetanā samphappalāpo</span> samphaṃ palapanti etāyāti katvā. <span class="bld">Āsevanaṃ</span> bhāvanaṃ bahulīkaraṇaṃ. Yaṃ janaṃ gāhāpayituṃ pavattito, tena aggahite appasāvajjo, gahite mahāsāvajjo. Kilesānaṃ mudutibbatāvasenāpi appasāvajjamahāsāvajjatā yojetabbā. <span class="bld">Bhārata</span>nāmakānaṃ dvebhātukarājūnaṃ <span class="bld">yuddhakathā,</span> dasagiriyakkhena <span class="bld">sītā</span>ya nāma deviyā <span class="bld">āharaṇakathā,</span> rāmaraññā paccāharaṇakathā<a name="M1.0343"></a>, yathā taṃ adhunā bāhirakehi paricayitā sakkaṭabhāsāya gaṇṭhitā rāmapurāṇabhāratapurāṇādikathāti, evamādikā niratthakakathā samphappalāpoti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘bhārata…pe… purekkhāratā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Kālavādī’’</span>tiādi samphappalāpā paṭiviratassa paṭipattisandassanaṃ yathā ‘‘pāṇātipātā paṭivirato’’tiādi (dī. ni. 1.8, 194) pāṇātipātappahānassa paṭipattidassanaṃ. ‘‘Pāṇātipātaṃ <a name="V1.0302"></a> pahāya viharatī’’ti hi vutte kathaṃ pāṇātipātappahānaṃ hotīti apekkhāsambhavato ‘‘pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hotī’’ti vuttaṃ. Sā pana virati kathanti āha ‘‘nihitadaṇḍo nihita sattho’’ti. Tañca daṇḍasatthanidhānaṃ kathanti vuttaṃ ‘‘lajjī’’tiādi. Evaṃ uttaruttaraṃ purimassa purimassa upāyasandassanaṃ. Tathā adinnādānādīsupi yathāsambhavaṃ yojetabbaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘kālavādītiādi samphappalāpā paṭiviratassa paṭipattisandassana’’nti. Atthasaṃhitāpi hi vācā ayuttakālapayogena atthāvahā na siyāti anatthaviññāpanabhāvaṃ anulometi, tasmā samphappalāpaṃ pajahantena akālavāditā parivajjetabbāti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kālavādī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Kāle vadantenāpi ubhayattha asādhanato abhūtaṃ parivajjetabbanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘bhūtavādī’’</span>ti. Bhūtañca vadantena yaṃ idhalokaparalokahitasampādanakaṃ, tadeva vattabbanti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘atthavādī’’</span>ti. Atthaṃ vadantenāpi na lokiyadhammanissitameva vattabbaṃ, atha kho lokuttaradhammanissitampīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘dhammavādī’’</span>ti. Yathā ca attho lokuttaradhammanissito hoti, tathā dassanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘vinayavādī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pātimokkhasaṃvaro, satiñāṇakhantivīriyasaṃvaroti hi pañcannaṃ saṃvaravinayānaṃ tadaṅgappahānaṃ, vikkhambhanasamucchedapaṭippassaddhinissaraṇappahānanti pañcannaṃ pahānavinayānañca vasena vuccamāno attho nibbānādhigamahetubhāvato lokuttaradhammasannissito hoti. Evaṃ guṇavisesayutto ca attho vuccamāno desanākosalle sati sobhati, kiccakaro ca hoti, nāññathāti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘nidhānavatiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Idāni tameva desanākosallaṃ vibhāvetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kālenā’’</span>tiādimāha. Ajjhāsayaṭṭhuppattīnaṃ, pucchāya ca vasena otiṇṇe desanāvisaye ekaṃsādibyākaraṇavibhāgaṃ sallakkhetvā ṭhapanāhetudāharaṇasaṃsandanāni taṃtaṃkālānurūpaṃ <a name="M1.0344"></a> vibhāventiyā parimitaparicchinnarūpāya gambhīrudānapahūtatthavitthārasaṅgāhikāya desanāya pare yathājjhāsayaṃ paramatthasiddhiyaṃ patiṭṭhāpento ‘‘desanākusalo’’ti vuccatīti evametthāpi atthayojanā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vattabbayuttakāla</span>nti vattabbavacanassa anurūpakālaṃ, tattha vā payujjitabbakālaṃ. Sabhāvavaseneva bhūtatāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sabhāvamevā’’</span>ti. Atthaṃ vadatīti <span class="bld">atthavādī.</span> Atthavadanañca tannissitavācākathanamevāti adhippāyena vuttaṃ ‘‘diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikatthasannissitameva katvā’’ti. <span class="bld">Dhammavādī’’</span>tiādīsupi eseva nayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nidheti sannidhānaṃ karoti etthāti <span class="bld">nidhānaṃ. Ṭhapanokāso. </span> ‘‘Ṭhānavatī’’ti vutte tasmiṃ ṭhāne <a name="V1.0303"></a> ṭhapetuṃ yuttātipi attho sambhavatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘hadaye’’</span>tiādi. Nidhānavatīpi vācā kālayuttāva atthāvahā, tasmā ‘‘kālenā’’ti idaṃ ‘‘nidhānavatiṃ’’ vācaṃ bhāsitā’’ti etassāpekkhavacananti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘evarūpi’’</span>ntiādinā. Icchitatthanibbattanatthaṃ apadisitabbo, apadisīyati vā icchitattho anenāti <span class="bld">apadeso,</span> upamā, hetudāharaṇādikāraṇaṃ vā, tena saha vattatīti <span class="bld">sāpadesā,</span> vācā, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘saupamaṃ sakāraṇanti attho’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Paricchedaṃ dassetvā</span>ti yāvatā pariyosānaṃ sambhavati, tāvatā mariyādaṃ dassetvā, tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yathā…pe… bhāsatī’’</span>ti. Sikhamappattā hi kathā atthāvahā nāma na hoti. <span class="bld">Atthasaṃhita</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">attha</span>-saddo bhāsitatthapariyāyoti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘anekehipī’’</span>tiādi. Bhāsitattho ca nāma saddānusārena adhigato sabbopi pakatyatthapaccayatthabhāvatthādiko, tatoyeva bhagavato vacanaṃ ekagāthāpadampi saṅkhepavitthārādiekattādinandiyāvattādinayehi anekehipi niddhāraṇakkhamatāya pariyādātumasakkuṇeyyaṃ atthamāvahatīti. Evaṃ atthasāmaññato saṃvaṇṇetvā icchitatthavisesatopi saṃvaṇṇetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yaṃ vā’’</span>tiādimāha. Atthavādinā vattumicchitatthoyeva hi idha gahito. Nanu sabbesampi vacanaṃ attanā icchitatthasahitaṃyeva, kimettha vattabbaṃ atthīti antolīnacodanaṃ parisodheti <span class="bld">‘‘na añña’’</span>ntiādinā. Aññamatthaṃ paṭhamaṃ nikkhipitvā ananusandhivasena pacchā aññamatthaṃ na bhāsati. Yathānikkhittānusandhivaseneva pariyosāpetvā kathetīti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para10"></a><span class="paranum">10</span>. Evaṃ <a name="M1.0345"></a> paṭipāṭiyā sattamūlasikkhāpadāni vibhajitvā satipi abhijjhādippahānassa saṃvarasīlasaṅgahe upariguṇasaṅgahato, lokiyaputhujjanāvisayato ca uttaridesanāya saṅgahituṃ taṃ pariharitvā pacurajanapākaṭaṃ ācārasīlameva vibhajanto bhagavā ‘‘bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhā’’tiādimāhāti pāḷiyaṃ sambandho vattabbo. Tattha vijāyanti viruhanti etehīti <span class="bld">bījāni.</span> Paccayantarasamavāye sadisaphaluppattiyā visesakāraṇabhāvato viruhanasamatthānaṃ sāraphalādīnametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Bhavanti, ahuvunti cāti <span class="bld">bhūtā,</span> jāyanti vaḍḍhanti jātā, vaḍḍhitā cāti attho. Vaḍḍhamānakānaṃ vaḍḍhitvā, ṭhitānañca rukkhagacchādīnaṃ yathākkamamadhivacanaṃ. Viruḷhamūlā hi nīlabhāvaṃ āpajjantā taruṇarukkhagacchā jāyanti vaḍḍhantīti vuccanti. Vaḍḍhitvā ṭhitā mahantā rukkhagacchā jātā vaḍḍhitāti. <span class="bld">Gāmo</span>ti samūho, so ca suddhaṭṭhakadhammarāsi, bījānaṃ, bhūtānañca tathāladdhasamaññānaṃ aṭṭhadhammānaṃ gāmo, teyeva vā gāmoti tathā. Avayavavinimuttassa hi samudāyassa abhāvato duvidhenāpi atthena teyeva tiṇarukkhalatādayo gayhanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica bhūmiyaṃ patiṭṭhahitvā haritabhāvamāpannā rukkhagacchādayo devatā pariggayhanti, tasmā <a name="V1.0304"></a> bhūtānaṃ nivāsanaṭṭhānatāya gāmoti bhūtagāmotipi vadanti, te sarūpato dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘mūlabīja’’</span>ntiādimāha. Mūlameva bījaṃ <span class="bld">mūlabījaṃ.</span> Sesesupi ayaṃ nayo. <span class="bld">Phaḷubīja</span>nti pabbabījaṃ. Paccayantarasamavāye sadisaphaluppattiyā visesakāraṇabhāvato viruhanasamatthe sāraphale niruḷho bīja-saddo tadatthasiddhiyā mūlādīsupi kesuci pavattatīti mūlādito nivattanatthaṃ ekena bīja-saddena visesetvā <span class="bld">‘‘bījabīja’’</span>nti vuttaṃ yathā ‘‘rūpaṃrūpaṃ, dukkhadukkha’’nti ca. <span class="bld">Nīlatiṇarukkhādikassā</span>ti allatiṇassa ceva allarukkhādikassa ca. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena osadhigacchalatādayo veditabbā. <span class="bld">Samārambho</span> idha vikopanaṃ, tañca chedanādiyevāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘chedanabhedanapacanādibhāvenā’’</span>ti. Nanu ca rukkhādayo cittarahitatāya na jīvā, cittarahitatā ca paripphandanābhāvato, chinne viruhanato, visadisajātikabhāvato, catuyoniapariyāpannato ca veditabbā. Vuḍḍhi pana pavāḷasilālavaṇādīnampi vijjatīti na tesaṃ jīvatābhāve kāraṇaṃ. Visayaggahaṇañca nesaṃ parikappanāmattaṃ supanaṃ viya ciñcādīnaṃ, tathā kaṭukambilāsādinā dohaḷādayo. Tattha kasmā bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhā <a name="M1.0346"></a> paṭivirati icchitāti? Samaṇasāruppato, tannissitasattānukampanato ca. Tenevāha āḷavakānaṃ rukkhacchedanādivatthūsu ‘‘jīvasaññino hi moghapurisā manussā rukkhasmi’’ntiādi (pārā. 89).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekaṃ bhattaṃ <span class="bld">ekabhattaṃ,</span> tamassa atthi ekasmiṃ divase ekavārameva bhuñjanatoti <span class="bld">ekabhattiko.</span> Tayidaṃ ekabhattaṃ kadā bhuñjitabbanti sandhāya vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘pātarāsabhatta’’</span>ntiādi, dvīsu bhattesu pātarāsabhattaṃ sandhāyāhāti adhippāyo. Pāto asitabbanti <span class="bld">pātarāsaṃ.</span> Sāyaṃ asitabbanti <span class="bld">sāyamāsaṃ,</span> tadeva bhattaṃ tathā. Eka-saddo cettha majjhanhikakālaparicchedabhāvena payutto, na tadantogadhavārabhāvenāti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘tasmā’’</span>tiādinā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Rattiyā bhojanaṃ</span> uttarapadalopato rattisaddena vuttaṃ, taddhitavasena vā tathāyevādhippāyasambhavato, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘rattiyā’’</span>tiādi. Aruṇuggamanato paṭṭhāya yāva majjhanhikā ayaṃ buddhādīnaṃ ariyānaṃ āciṇṇasamāciṇṇo bhojanassa kālo nāma, tadañño vikālo. Tattha dutiyapadena rattibhojanassa paṭikkhittattā aparanhova idha vikāloti pārisesanayena tatiyapadassa atthaṃ dīpetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘atikkante majjhanhike’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Bhāvasādhano cettha bhojana-saddo ajjhoharaṇatthavācakoti dīpeti <span class="bld">‘‘yāva sūriyatthaṅgamanā bhojana’’</span>nti iminā. Kassa pana tadajjhoharaṇanti? Yāmakālikādīnamanuññātattā, vikālabhojanasaddassa ca yāvakālikajjhoharaṇeyeva niruḷhattā ‘‘yāvakālikassā’’ti viññāyati. Ayaṃ panettha aṭṭhakathāvaseso ācariyānaṃ nayo – bhuñjitabbaṭṭhena <span class="bld">bhojanaṃ,</span> yāgubhattādi sabbaṃ yāvakālikavatthu<a name="V1.0305"></a>. Yathā ca ‘‘rattūparato’’ti ettha rattibhojanaṃ rattisaddena vuccati, evamettha bhojanajjhoharaṇaṃ bhojanasaddena. Vikāle bhojanaṃ <span class="bld">vikālabhojanaṃ,</span> tato <span class="bld">vikālabhojanā.</span> Vikāle yāvakālikavatthussa ajjhoharaṇāti atthoti. Īdisā guṇavibhūti na buddhakāleyevāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘anomānadītīre’’</span>tiādi. Ayaṃ pana pāḷiyaṃ anusandhikkamo – ekasmiṃ divase ekavārameva bhuñjanato ‘‘ekabhattiko’’ti vutte rattibhojanopi siyāti <a name="M1.0347"></a> tannivāraṇatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘rattūparato’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Evaṃ sati sāyanhabhojīpi ekabhattiko siyāti tadāsaṅkānivattanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘virato vikālabhojanā’’</span>ti vuttanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Saṅkhepato ‘‘sabbapāpassa akaraṇa’’ntiādi (dī. ni. 2.90; dha. pa. 183; netti. 30, 50, 116, 124) nayappavattaṃ bhagavato sāsanaṃ sachandarāgappavattito naccādīnaṃ dassanaṃ nānulometīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sāsanassa ananulomattā’’</span>ti. Visucati sāsanaṃ vijjhati ananulomikabhāvenāti <span class="bld">visūkaṃ,</span> paṭiviruddhanti vuttaṃ hoti. Tatra upamaṃ dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘paṭāṇībhūta’’</span>nti iminā, paṭāṇīsaṅkhātaṃ kīlaṃ viya bhūtanti attho. ‘‘Visūka’’nti etassa <span class="bld">paṭāṇībhūta</span>nti atthamāhātipi vadanti. Attanā payojiyamānaṃ, parehi payojāpiyamānañca naccaṃ naccabhāvasāmaññato pāḷiyaṃ ekeneva naccasaddena sāmaññaniddesanayena gahitaṃ, ekasesanayena vā. Tathā gītavāditasaddehi gāyanagāyāpanavādanavādāpanānīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘naccananaccāpanādivasenā’’</span>ti. Suddhahetutājotanavasena hi dvādhippāyikā ete saddā. Naccañca gītañca vāditañca visūkadassanañca <span class="bld">naccagītavāditavisūkadassanaṃ,</span> samāhāravasenettha ekattaṃ. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> pana yathāpāṭhaṃ vākyāvatthikantavacanena saha samuccayasamāsadassanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘naccā cā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Evaṃ sabbattha īdisesu. (Dassanavisaye mayūranaccādipaṭikkhipanena naccāpanavisayepi paṭikkhipanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ) <span class="bld">‘‘naccādīni hī’’</span>tiādinā yathāvuttatthasamatthanaṃ. Dassanena cettha savanampi saṅgahitaṃ virūpekasesanayena, yathāsakaṃ vā visayassa ālocanasabhāvatāya pañcannaṃ viññāṇānaṃ savanakiriyāyapi dassanasaṅkhepasambhavato <span class="bld">‘‘dassanā’’</span> icceva vuttaṃ. Tenevāha ‘‘pañcahi viññāṇehi na kiñci dhammaṃ paṭijānāti aññatra atinipātamattā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Visūkabhūtā dassanā cā’’</span>ti etena avisūkabhūtassa pana gītassa savanaṃ kadāci vaṭṭatīti dasseti. Tathā hi vuttaṃ paramatthajotikāya <span class="bld">khuddakapāṭhaṭṭhakathāya</span> ‘‘dhammūpasaṃhitampi cettha gītaṃ na vaṭṭati, gītūpasaṃhito pana dhammo vaṭṭatī’’ti (khu. pā. aṭṭha. pacchimapañcasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā) katthaci pana na-kāravipariyāyena pāṭho dissati. Ubhayatthāpi ca <a name="V1.0306"></a> gīto ce dhammānulomatthapaṭisaṃyuttopi na vaṭṭati, dhammo ce gītasaddapaṭisaṃyuttopi vaṭṭatīti adhippāyo veditabbo. ‘‘Na bhikkhave, gītassarena <a name="M1.0348"></a> dhammo gāyitabbo, yo gāyeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti (cūḷava. 149) hi desanāya eva paṭikkhepo, na savanāya. Imassa ca sikkhāpadassa visuṃ paññāpanato viññāyati ‘‘gītassarena desitopi dhammo na gīto’’ti. Yañca <span class="bld">sakkapañhasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ</span> sevitabbāsevitabbasaddaṃ niddharantena ‘‘yaṃ pana atthanissitaṃ dhammanissitaṃ kumbhadāsigītampi suṇantassa pasādo vā uppajjati, nibbidā vā saṇṭhāti, evarūpo saddo sevitabbo’’ti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.365) vuttaṃ, taṃ asamādānasikkhāpadassa sevitabbatāmattapariyāyena vuttaṃ. Samādānasikkhāpadassa hi evarūpaṃ suṇantassa sikkhāpadasaṃvaraṃ bhijjati gītasaddabhāvatoti veditabbaṃ. Tathā hi <span class="bld">vinayaṭṭhakathāsu</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘gītanti naṭādīnaṃ vā gītaṃ hotu, ariyānaṃ parinibbānakāle ratanattayaguṇūpasaṃhitaṃ sādhukīḷanagītaṃ vā, asaṃyatabhikkhūnaṃ dhammabhāṇakagītaṃ vā, antamaso dantagītampi, yaṃ ‘‘gāyissāmā’’ti pubbabhāge okūjitaṃ karonti, sabbametaṃ gītaṃ nāmā’’ti (pāci. aṭṭha. 835; vi. saṅga. aṭṭha. 34.25).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiñcāpi <span class="bld">mālā</span>-saddo loke baddhapupphavācako, sāsane pana ruḷhiyā abaddhapupphesupi vaṭṭati, tasmā yaṃ kiñci pupphaṃ baddhamabaddhaṃ vā, taṃ sabbaṃ ‘‘mālā’’ tveva daṭṭhabbanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yaṃ kiñci puppha’’</span>nti. ‘‘Yaṃ kiñci gandha’’nti cettha vāsacuṇṇadhūpādikaṃ vilepanato aññaṃ <span class="bld">yaṃ kiñci gandhajātaṃ.</span> Vuttatthaṃ viya hi vuccamānatthamantarenāpi saddo atthavisesavācako. <span class="bld">Chavirāgakaraṇa</span>nti vilepanena chaviyā rañjanatthaṃ pisitvā paṭiyattaṃ yaṃ kiñci gandhacuṇṇaṃ. Piḷandhanaṃ <span class="bld">dhāraṇaṃ.</span> Ūnaṭṭhānapūraṇaṃ <span class="bld">maṇḍanaṃ.</span> Gandhavasena, chavirāgavasena ca sādiyanaṃ <span class="bld">vibhūsanaṃ.</span> Tadevatthaṃ puggalādhiṭṭhānena dīpeti <span class="bld">‘‘tattha piḷandhanto’’</span>tiādinā. Tathā ceva <span class="bld">majjhimaṭṭhakathāyampi</span> (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 3.147) vuttaṃ, paramatthajotikāyaṃ pana <span class="bld">khuddakapāṭhaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> ‘‘mālādīsu dhāraṇādīni yathāsaṅkhyaṃ yojetabbānī’’ti (khu. pā. aṭṭha. pacchimapañcasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā) ettakameva vuttaṃ. Tatthāpi yojentena yathāvuttanayeneva yojetabbāni. Kiṃ panetaṃ kāraṇanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yāyā’’</span>tiādi. Yāya dussīlyacetanāya karoti, sā idha <span class="bld">kāraṇaṃ.</span> ‘‘Tato paṭivirato’’ti hi ubhayattha sambandhitabbaṃ, eteneva ‘‘mālā…pe… vibhūsanānaṃ ṭhānaṃ, mālā…pe… vibhūsanāneva vā ṭhāna’’nti samāsampi dasseti. Tadākārappavatto <a name="M1.0349"></a> cetanādidhammoyeva hi dhāraṇādikiriyā. Tattha ca cetanāsampayuttadhammānaṃ kāraṇaṃ sahajātādopakārakato, padhānato ca. ‘‘Cetayitvā kammaṃ karoti kāyena vācāya manasā’’ti (a. ni. 6.63) hi <a name="V1.0307"></a> vuttaṃ. Dhāraṇādibhūtā eva ca cetanā ṭhānanti. Ṭhāna-saddo paccekaṃ yojetabbo dvandapadato suyyamānattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Uccā</span>ti uccasaddena akārantena samānatthaṃ ākārantaṃ ekaṃ saddantaraṃ accuggatavācakanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘pamāṇātikkanta’’</span>nti. Seti etthāti <span class="bld">sayanaṃ,</span> mañcādi. Samaṇasārupparahitattā, gahaṭṭhehi ca seṭṭhasammatattā akappiyapaccattharaṇaṃ ‘‘mahāsayana’’nti idhādhippetanti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘akappiyattharaṇa’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Nisīdanaṃ panettha sayaneneva saṅgahitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Yasmā pana ādhāre paṭikkhitte tadādhārakiriyāpi paṭikkhittāva hoti, tasmā ‘‘uccāsayanamahāsayanā’’ icceva vuttaṃ. Atthato pana tadupabhogabhūtanisajjānipajjanehi virati dassitāti veditabbaṃ. Atha vā ‘‘uccāsayanamahāsayanā’’ti esa niddeso ekasesanayena yathā ‘‘nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatana’’nti (ma. ni. 3.126; saṃ. ni. 2.1; udā. 1) etasmimpi vikappe āsanapubbakattā sayanakiriyāya sayanaggahaṇeneva āsanampi gahitanti veditabbaṃ. Kiriyāvācakaāsanasayanasaddalopato uttarapadalopaniddesotipi <span class="bld">vinayaṭīkāyaṃ</span> (vi. vi. ṭī. 2.106) vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Jātameva rūpamassa na vippakāranti <span class="bld">jātarūpaṃ,</span> satthuvaṇṇaṃ. Rañjīyati setavaṇṇatāya, rañjanti vā ettha sattāti <span class="bld">rajataṃ</span> yathā ‘‘nesaṃ padakkanta’’nti. ‘‘Cattāro vīhayo guñjā, dve guñjā māsako bhave’’ti vuttalakkhaṇena vīsatimāsako nīlakahāpaṇo vā dudradāmakādiko vā taṃtaṃdesavohārānurūpaṃ kato <span class="bld">kahāpaṇo.</span> Lohādīhi kato <span class="bld">lohamāsakā</span>diko. <span class="bld">Ye vohāraṃ gacchantī</span>ti pariyādānavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Vohāra</span>nti ca kayavikkayavasena sabbohāraṃ. Aññehi gāhāpane, upanikkhittasādiyane ca paṭiggahaṇattho labbhatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘na uggaṇhāpeti na upanikkhittaṃ sādiyatī’’</span>ti. Atha vā tividhaṃ paṭiggahaṇaṃ kāyena vācāya manasā. Tattha kāyena paṭiggahaṇaṃ uggahaṇaṃ. Vācāya paṭiggahaṇaṃ uggahāpanaṃ. Manasā paṭiggahaṇaṃ sādiyanaṃ. Tividhampetaṃ paṭiggahaṇaṃ sāmaññaniddesena, ekasesanayena vā gahetvā paṭiggahaṇāti vuttanti āha <a name="M1.0350"></a> <span class="bld">‘‘neva naṃ uggaṇhātī’’</span>tiādi. Esa nayo <span class="bld">āmakadhaññapaṭiggahaṇā</span>tiādīsupi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nīvārādiupadhaññassa sāliyādimūladhaññantogadhattā <span class="bld">‘‘sattavidhassāpī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Saṭṭhidinaparipāko sukadhaññaviseso <span class="bld">sāli</span> nāma salīyate sīlāghateti katvā. <span class="bld">Dabbaguṇapakāse</span> pana –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Atha <a name="V1.0308"></a> dhaññaṃ tidhā sāli-saṭṭhikavīhibhedato;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sālayo hemantā tatra, saṭṭhikā gimhajā api;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vīhayo tvāsaḷhākhyātā, vassakālasamubbha vā’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Vuttaṃ. Vahati, brūheti vā sattānaṃ jīvitanti <span class="bld">vīhi,</span> sassaṃ. Yuvitabbo missitabboti <span class="bld">yavo.</span> So hi atilūkhatāya aññena missetvā paribhuñjīyati. Gudhati parivedhati palibuddhatīti <span class="bld">godhūmo,</span> yaṃ ‘‘milakkhabhojana’’ntipi vadanti. Sobhanattā kamanīyabhāvaṃ gacchatīti <span class="bld">kaṅgu,</span> atisukhumadhaññaviseso. Varīyati atilūkhatāya nivārīyati, khuddāpaṭivinayanato vā bhajīyatīti <span class="bld">varako.</span> Koraṃ rudhiraṃ dūsatīti <span class="bld">kudrūsako,</span> vaṇṇasaṅkamanena yo ‘‘govaḍḍhano’’tipi vuccati. Tāni sattapi sappabhedā nidhāne posane sādhuttena ‘‘dhaññānī’’ti vuccanti. <span class="bld">‘‘Na kevalañcā’’</span>tiādinā sampaṭicchanaṃ, parāmasanañca idha paṭiggahaṇasaddena vuttanti dasseti. Evamīdisesu. ‘‘Anujānāmi bhikkhave, vasāni bhesajjāni acchavasaṃ macchavasaṃ susukāvasaṃ sūkaravasaṃ gadrabhavasa’’nti (mahāva. 262) vuttattā idaṃ pañcavidhampi bhesajjaṃ odissa anuññātaṃ nāma. Tassa pana ‘‘kāle paṭiggahita’’nti vuttattā paṭiggahaṇaṃ vaṭṭatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘aññatra odissa anuññātā’’</span>ti. Maṃsa-saddena macchānampi maṃsaṃ gahitaṃ evāti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘āmakamaṃsamacchāna’’</span>nti vuttaṃ, tikoṭiparisuddhaṃ macchamaṃsaṃ anuññātaṃ adiṭṭhaṃ, asutaṃ, aparisaṅkitanti vā payogassa dassanato virūpekasesanayo dassito anenāti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kāmaṃ lokiyā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Aṭṭhavassā bhave gorī, dasavassā tu kaññakā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sampatte dvādasavasse, kumārītibhidhīyate’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Vadanti<a name="M1.0351"></a>. Idha pana purisantaragatāgatavasena itthikumārikābhedoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘itthīti purisantaragatā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Dāsidāsavasenevā</span>ti dāsidāsavohāravaseneva. <span class="bld">Evaṃ vutte</span>ti tādisena kappiyavacanena vutte. Vinayaṭṭhakathāsu āgatavinicchayaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘vinayavasenā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. So <span class="bld">kuṭikārasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā</span>dīsu (pārā. aṭṭha. 364) gahetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bījaṃ khipanti ettha, khittaṃ vā bījaṃ tāyatīti <span class="bld">khettaṃ,</span> kedāroti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yasmiṃ pubbaṇṇaṃ ruhatī’’</span>ti. Aparaṇṇassa pubbe pavattamannaṃ <span class="bld">pubbaṇṇaṃ na</span>-kārassa ṇa-kāraṃ katvā, sāliādi<a name="V1.0309"></a>. Vasanti patiṭṭhahanti aparaṇṇāni etthāti <span class="bld">vatthū</span>ti atthaṃ dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘vatthu nāmā’’</span>tiādinā. Pubbaṇṇassa aparaṃ pavattamannaṃ <span class="bld">aparaṇṇaṃ</span> vuttanayena. Evaṃ aṭṭhakathānayānurūpaṃ atthaṃ dassetvā idāni ‘‘khettaṃ nāma yattha pubbaṇṇaṃ vā aparaṇṇaṃ vā jāyatī’’ti (pārā. 104) vuttavinayapāḷinayānurūpampi atthaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘yattha vā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Tadatthāyā</span>ti khettatthāya. <span class="bld">Akatabhūmibhāgo</span>ti aparisaṅkhato taduddesiko bhūmibhāgo. <span class="bld">‘‘Khettavatthu sīsenā’’</span>tiādinā nidassanamattametanti dasseti. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena pokkharaṇīkūpādayo saṅgahitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dūtassa idaṃ, dūtena vā kātumarahatīti <span class="bld">dūteyyaṃ. Paṇṇa</span>nti lekhasāsanaṃ. <span class="bld">Sāsana</span>nti mukhasāsanaṃ. <span class="bld">Gharā ghara</span>nti aññasmā gharā aññaṃ gharaṃ. <span class="bld">Khuddakagamana</span>nti dūteyyagamanato appataragamanaṃ, anaddhānagamanaṃ rassagamananti attho. Tadubhayesaṃ anuyuñjanaṃ anuyogoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tadubhayakaraṇa’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Tasmā</span>ti tadubhayakaraṇasseva anuyogabhāvato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kayanaṃ <span class="bld">kayo,</span> paramparā gahetvā attano dhanassa dānaṃ. Kī-saddañhi dabbavinimaye paṭhanti vikkayanaṃ <span class="bld">vikkayo,</span> paṭhamameva attano dhanassa paresaṃ dānanti vadanti. <span class="bld">Sāratthadīpaniyā</span>dīsu pana <span class="bld">‘‘kaya’’</span>nti parabhaṇḍassa gahaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Vikkaya</span>nti attano bhaṇḍassa dāna’’nti (sārattha. ṭī. 2.594) vuttaṃ. Tadeva ‘‘kayitañca hoti parabhaṇḍaṃ attano hatthagataṃ karontena, vikkītañca attano bhaṇḍaṃ parahatthagataṃ karontenā’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. 515) vinayaṭṭhakathāvacanena sameti. <span class="bld">Vañcanaṃ</span> māyākaraṇaṃ, paṭibhānakaraṇavasena upāyakusalatāya parasantakaggahaṇanti vuttaṃ hoti. Tulā nāma yāya tulīyati pamīyati, tāya <a name="M1.0352"></a> kūṭaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tulākūṭa’’</span>nti vuccati. Taṃ pana karonto tulāya rūpaaṅgagahaṇākārapaṭicchannasaṇṭhānavasena karotīti catubbidhatā vuttā. Attanā gahetabbaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ pacchābhāge, paresaṃ dātabbaṃ pubbabhāge katvā minentīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘gaṇhanto pacchābhāge’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Akkamati</span> nippīḷati, pubbabhāge akkamatīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Mūle rajju</span>nti tulāya mūle yojitaṃ rajjuṃ. Tathā <span class="bld">agge. Ta</span>nti ayacuṇṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kanati dibbatīti <span class="bld">kaṃso,</span> suvaṇṇarajatādimayā bhojanapānapattā. Idha pana sovaṇṇamaye pānapatteti āha <span class="bld">‘‘suvaṇṇapātī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Tāya vañcana</span>nti nikativasena vañcanaṃ. ‘‘Patirūpakaṃ dassetvā parasantakagahaṇañhi nikati, paṭibhānakaraṇavasena pana upāyakusalatāya vañcana’’nti nikativañcanaṃ bhedato <span class="bld">kaṇhajātakaṭṭhakathā</span>dīsu (jā. aṭṭha. 4.10.19; dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.10; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.149; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 3.5.1165; a. ni. aṭṭha. 2.4.198 atthato samānaṃ) vuttaṃ<a name="V1.0310"></a>, idha pana tadubhayampi ‘‘vañcana’’micceva. <span class="bld">‘‘Katha’’</span>ntiādinā hi patirūpakaṃ dassetvā parasantakagahaṇameva vibhāveti. <span class="bld">Samagghatara</span>nti tāsaṃ pātīnaṃ aññamaññaṃ samakaṃ agghavisesaṃ. <span class="bld">Pāsāṇe</span>ti bhūtābhūtabhāvasañjānanake pāsāṇe. Ghaṃsaneneva suvaṇṇabhāvasaññāpanaṃ siddhanti <span class="bld">‘‘ghaṃsitvā’’</span>tveva vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Hadaya</span>nti nāḷiādiminanabhājanānaṃ abbhantaraṃ, tasmiṃ bhedo chiddakaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">hadayabhedo.</span> Tilādīnaṃ nāḷiādīhi minanakāle ussāpitā sikhāyeva sikhā, tassā bhedo hāpanaṃ <span class="bld">sikhābhedo.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Rajjuyā bhedo visamakaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">rajjubhedo. Tānī</span>ti sappitelādīni. <span class="bld">Antobhājane</span>ti paṭhamaṃ nikkhittabhājane. <span class="bld">Ussāpetvā</span>ti uggamāpetvā, uddhaṃ rāsiṃ katvāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Chindanto</span>ti apanento.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kattabbakammato uddhaṃ koṭanaṃ paṭihananaṃ <span class="bld">ukkoṭanaṃ.</span> Abhūtakārīnaṃ <span class="bld">lañjaggahaṇaṃ,</span> na pana puna kammāya ukkoṭanamattanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘assāmike…pe… ggahaṇa’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Upāyehī</span>ti kāraṇapatirūpakehi. <span class="bld">Tatrā</span>ti tasmiṃ vañcane. ‘‘Vatthu’’nti avatvā <span class="bld">‘‘ekaṃ vatthu’’</span>nti vadanto aññānipi atthi bahūnīti dasseti. Aññānipi hi sasavatthuādīni tattha tattha vuttāni. <span class="bld">Miga</span>nti mahantaṃ migaṃ. <span class="bld">Tena hī</span>ti migaggahaṇe uyyojanaṃ, yena vā kāraṇena ‘‘migaṃ me dehī’’ti āha, tena kāraṇenāti attho. <span class="bld">Hi</span>-saddo <a name="M1.0353"></a> nipātamattaṃ. <span class="bld">Yogavasenā</span>ti vijjājappanādipayogavasena. <span class="bld">Māyāvasenā</span>ti mantajappanaṃ vinā abhūtassāpi bhūtākārasaññāpanāya cakkhumohanamāyāya vasena. Yāya hi amaṇiādayopi maṇiādiākārena dissanti. <span class="bld">Pāmaṅgo</span> nāma kulācārayutto ābharaṇaviseso, yaṃ loke ‘‘yaññopavitta’’nti vadanti. <span class="bld">Vakkalittherāpadāne</span>pi vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Passathetaṃ māṇavakaṃ, pītamaṭṭhanivāsanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Hemayaññopavittaṅgaṃ, jananettamanohara’’nti. (apa. 2.54.40);</p>
<p class="unindented"><span class="bld">Tadaṭṭhakathāya</span>mpi <span class="bld">‘‘pītamaṭṭhanivāsana</span>nti siliṭṭhasuvaṇṇavaṇṇavatthe nivatthanti attho. <span class="bld">Hemayaññopavittaṅga</span>nti suvaṇṇapāmaṅgalaggitagattanti attho’’ti (apa. aṭṭha. 2.54.40) savanaṃ saṭhanaṃ <span class="bld">sāvi,</span> anujukatā, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘kuṭilayogo’’</span>ti, jimhatāyogoti attho. <span class="bld">‘‘Etesaṃyevā’’</span>tiādinā <a name="V1.0311"></a> tulyādhikaraṇataṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">‘‘Tasmā’’</span>tiādi laddhaguṇadassanaṃ. Ye pana catunnampi padānaṃ bhinnādhikaraṇataṃ vadanti, tesaṃ vādamāha <span class="bld">‘‘kecī’’</span>tiādinā. Tattha <span class="bld">‘‘kecī’’</span>ti sārasamāsakārakā ācariyā, uttaravihāravāsino ca, tesaṃ taṃ na yuttaṃ vañcanena saṅgahitasseva puna gahitattāti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘taṃ panā’’</span>tiādinā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Māraṇa</span>nti muṭṭhipahārakasātāḷanādīhi hiṃsanaṃ viheṭhanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, na tu pāṇātipātaṃ. Viheṭhanatthepi hi <span class="bld">vadha</span>-saddo dissati ‘‘attānaṃ vadhitvā vadhitvā rodeyyā’’tiādīsu (pāci. 880) <span class="bld">māraṇa</span>-saddopi idha viheṭhaneyeva vattatīti daṭṭhabbo. Keci pana ‘‘pubbe pāṇātipātaṃ pahāyā’tiādīsu sayaṃkāro, idha paraṃkāro’’ti vadanti, taṃ na sakkā tathā vattuṃ ‘‘kāyavacīpayogasamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā, cha payogā’’ti ca vuttattā. Yathā hi appaṭiggāhabhāvasāmaññepi sati pabbajitehi appaṭiggahitabbavatthuvisesabhāvasandassanatthaṃ itthikumāridāsidāsādayo vibhāgena vuttā. Yathā ca parasantakassa haraṇabhāvato adinnādānabhāvasāmaññepi sati tulākūṭādayo adinnādānavisesabhāvasandassanatthaṃ vibhāgena vuttā, na evaṃ pāṇātipātapariyāyassa vadhassa puna gahaṇe payojanaṃ atthi tathāvibhajitabbassābhāvato, tasmā yathāvuttoyevattho sundarataroti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Viparāmoso</span>ti <a name="M1.0354"></a> visesena samantato bhusaṃ mosāpanaṃ muyhanakaraṇaṃ, thenanaṃ vā. Theyyaṃ corikā mosoti hi pariyāyo. So kāraṇavasena duvidhoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘himaviparāmoso’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Musantī</span>ti corenti, mosenti vā muyhanaṃ karonti, mosetvā tesaṃ santakaṃ gaṇhantīti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Ya</span>nti ca tassā kiriyāya parāmasanaṃ. <span class="bld">Maggappaṭipannaṃ jana</span>nti parapakkhepi adhikāro. Ālopanaṃ vilumpanaṃ <span class="bld">ālopo.</span> Sahasā karaṇaṃ <span class="bld">sahasākāro.</span> Sahasā pavattitā <span class="bld">sāhasikā,</span> sāva kiriyā tathā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ettāvatā</span>ti ‘‘pāṇātipātaṃ pahāyā’’tiādinā ‘‘sahasākārā paṭivirato’’ti pariyosānena etapparimāṇena pāṭhena. Antarabhedaṃ aggahetvā pāḷiyaṃ yathārutamāgatavaseneva chabbīsatisikkhāpadasaṅgahametaṃ sīlaṃ yebhuyyena sikkhāpadānamavibhattattā <span class="bld">cūḷasīlaṃ</span> nāmāti attho. Desanāvasena hi idha cūḷamajjhimādibhāvo veditabbo, na dhammavasena. Tathā hi idhasaṅkhittena uddiṭṭhānaṃ sikkhāpadānaṃ avibhattānaṃ vibhajanavasena majjhimasīladesanā pavattā, tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘majjhimasīlaṃ vitthārento’’</span>ti.Cūḷasīlavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Majjhimasīlavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para11"></a><span class="paranum">11</span>. ‘‘Yathā <a name="V1.0312"></a> vā paneke bhonto’’tiādidesanāya sambandhamāha <span class="bld">‘‘idānī’’</span>tiādinā. Tatthāyamaṭṭhakathāmuttako nayo – <span class="bld">yathā</span>ti opammatthe nipāto. <span class="bld">Vā</span>ti vikappanatthe, tena imamatthaṃ vikappeti ‘‘ussāhaṃ katvā mama vaṇṇaṃ vadamānopi puthujjano pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato’’tiādinā parānuddesikanayena vā sabbathāpi ācārasīlamattameva vadeyya, na taduttariṃ. ‘‘Yathāpaneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇabhāvaṃ paṭijānamānā, parehi ca tathā sambhāviyamānā tadanurūpapaṭipattiṃ ajānanato, asamatthanato ca na abhisambhuṇanti, na evamayaṃ. Ayaṃ pana samaṇo gotamo sabbathāpi samaṇasāruppapaṭipattiṃ pūresiyevā’’ti evaṃ aññuddesikanayena vā sabbathāpi ācārasīlamattameva vadeyya, na taduttarinti. <span class="bld">Panā</span>ti <a name="M1.0355"></a> vacanālaṅkāre vikappanattheneva upanyāsādiatthassa sijjhanato. <span class="bld">Eke</span>ti aññe. ‘‘Ekacce’’tipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Bhonto</span>ti sādhūnaṃ piyasamudāhāro. Sādhavo hi pare ‘‘bhonto’’ti vā ‘‘devānaṃ piyā’’ti vā ‘‘āyasmanto’’ti vā samālapanti. <span class="bld">Samaṇabrāhmaṇā</span>ti yaṃ kiñci pabbajjaṃ upagatatāya <span class="bld">samaṇā</span>. Jātimattena ca <span class="bld">brāhmaṇā</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Saddhā</span> nāma idha catubbidhesu ṭhānesūti āha <span class="bld">‘‘kammañcā’’</span>tiādi. Kammakammaphalasambandheneva idhalokaparalokasaddahanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ ‘‘ettha kammaṃ vipaccati, kammaphalañca anubhavitabba’’nti. Tadatthaṃ byatirekato ñāpeti <span class="bld">‘‘ayaṃ me’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Paṭikarissatī</span>ti paccupakāraṃ karissati. Tadeva samatthetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃdinnāni hī’’</span>tiādimāha. Desanāsīsamattaṃ padhānaṃ katvā nidassanato. Tena catubbidhampi paccayaṃ nidassetīti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘atthato panā’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Seyyathida’’</span>nti ayaṃ saddo ‘‘so katamo’’ti atthe eko <span class="bld">nipāto,</span> nipātasamudāyo vā, tena ca bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhapade saddakkamena appadhānabhūtopi bījagāmabhūtagāmo vibhajjitabbaṭṭhāne padhānabhūto viya paṭiniddisīyati. Añño hi saddakkamo añño atthakkamoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘katamo so bījagāmabhūtagāmo’’</span>ti. Tasmiñhi vibhatte tabbisayasamārambhopi vibhattova hoti. Imamatthañhi dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yassa samārambhaṃ anuyuttā viharantī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Teneva ca pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘mūlabīja’’ntiādinā so niddiṭṭhoti. Mūlameva bījaṃ <span class="bld">mūlabījaṃ,</span> mūlaṃ bījaṃ etassātipi <span class="bld">mūlabīja</span>nti idha dvidhā attho. Sesapadesupi eseva nayo. Ato na codetabbametaṃ ‘‘kasmā panettha bījagāmabhūtagāmaṃ pucchitvā bījagāmo eva vibhatto’’ti. Tattha hi paṭhamena atthena bījagāmo niddiṭṭho, dutiyena bhūtagāmo, duvidhopesa sāmaññaniddesena <a name="V1.0313"></a> vā mūlabījañca mūlabījañca mūlabījanti ekasesanayena vā niddiṭṭhoti veditabbo, teneva vakkhati <span class="bld">‘‘sabbañheta’’</span>ntiādiṃ. Atīva visati bhesajjapayogesūti <span class="bld">ativisaṃ, ativisā</span> vā, yā ‘‘mahosadha’’ntipi vuccati <span class="bld">kacchako</span>ti kāḷakacchako, yaṃ ‘‘pilakkho’’tipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Kapitthano</span>ti ambilaṅkuraphalo setarukkho. So hi kampati calatīti <span class="bld">kapithano</span> thanapaccayena, <span class="bld">kapī</span>ti vā makkaṭo, tassa <a name="M1.0356"></a> thanasadisaṃ phalaṃ yassāti <span class="bld">kapitthano. ‘‘Kapitthano</span>ti pippalirukkho’’ti (visuddhi. ṭī. 1.108) hi <span class="bld">visuddhimaggaṭīkāyaṃ</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Phaḷubījaṃ</span> nāma pabbabījaṃ. <span class="bld">Ajjaka</span>nti setapaṇṇāsaṃ. <span class="bld">Phaṇijjaka</span>nti samīraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Hirivera</span>nti vāraṃ. Paccayantarasamavāye sadisaphaluppattiyā visesakāraṇabhāvato viruhanasamatthe sāraphale niruḷho bījasaddoti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘viruhanasamatthamevā’’</span>ti iminā. Itarañhi abījasaṅkhyaṃ gataṃ, tañca kho rukkhato viyojitameva. Aviyojitaṃ pana tathā vā hotu, aññathā vā <span class="bld">‘‘bhūtagāmo’’</span>tveva vuccati yathāvuttena dutiyaṭṭhena. Vinayā (pāci. 91) nurūpato tesaṃ visesaṃ dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘tatthā’’</span>tiādinā. Yamettha vattabbaṃ, taṃ heṭṭhā vuttameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para12"></a><span class="paranum">12</span>. Sannidhānaṃ <span class="bld">sannidhi,</span> tāya karīyateti <span class="bld">sannidhikāro,</span> annapānādi. Evaṃ kāra-saddassa kammatthataṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘sannidhikāraparibhoga’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Ayamaparo nayo – yathā ‘‘ācayaṃ gāmino’’ti vattabbe anunāsikalopena ‘‘ācayagāmino’’ti (dha. sa. 10) niddeso kato, evamidhāpi ‘‘sannidhikāraṃ paribhoga’’nti vattabbe anunāsikalopena ‘‘sannidhikāraparibhoga’’nti vuttaṃ, sannidhiṃ katvā paribhoganti attho. <span class="bld">Vinayavasenā</span>ti vinayāgatācāravasena. Vinayāgatācāro hi uttaralopena ‘‘vinayo’’ti vutto, kāyavācānaṃ vā vinayanaṃ vinayo. Suttantanayapaṭipattiyā visuṃ gahitattā vinayācāroyeva idha labbhati. Sammā kilese likhatīti <span class="bld">sallekho</span>ti ca vinayācārassa visuṃ gahitattā suttantanayapaṭipatti eva. <span class="bld">Paṭiggahita</span>nti kāyena vā kāyapaṭibaddhena vā paṭiggahitaṃ. <span class="bld">Aparajjūti</span> aparasmiṃ divase. <span class="bld">Datvā</span>ti parivattanavasena datvā. <span class="bld">Ṭhapāpetvā</span>ti ca attano santakakaraṇena ṭhapāpetvā. Tesampi santakaṃ vissāsaggāhādivasena paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati. Suttantanayavasena sallekho eva na hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yāni ca tesaṃ anulomānī</span>ti ettha sānulomadhaññarasaṃ, madhukapuppharasaṃ, pakkaḍākarasañca ṭhapetvā avasesā sabbepi phalapupphapattarasā anulomapānānīti daṭṭhabbaṃ, yathāparicchedakālaṃ anadhiṭṭhitaṃ avikappitanti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sannidhīyateti <a name="M1.0357"></a> <span class="bld">sannidhi,</span> vatthameva. Pariyāyati kappīyatīti <span class="bld">pariyāyo,</span> kappiyavācānusārena <a name="V1.0314"></a> paṭipatti, tassa kathāti <span class="bld">pariyāyakathā.</span> Tabbiparīto <span class="bld">nippariyāyo,</span> kappiyampi anupaggamma santuṭṭhivasena paṭipatti, <span class="bld">pariyāya</span>-saddo vā kāraṇe, tasmā kappiyakāraṇavasena vuttā kathā <span class="bld">pariyāyakathā. </span> Tadapi avatvā santuṭṭhivasena vuttā <span class="bld">nippariyāyo.</span> <span class="bld">‘‘Sace’’</span>tiādi aññassa dānākāradassanaṃ. Pāḷiyā uddisanaṃ <span class="bld">uddeso.</span> Atthassa pucchā <span class="bld">paripucchanaṃ. ‘‘Adātuṃ na vaṭṭatī’’</span>ti iminā adāne sallekhakopanaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Appahonte</span>ti kātuṃ appahonake sati. <span class="bld">Paccāsāyā</span>ti cīvarapaṭilābhāsāya. <span class="bld">Anuññātakāle</span>ti anatthate kathine eko pacchimakattikamāso, atthate kathine pacchimakattikamāsena saha hemantikā cattāro māsā, piṭṭhisamaye yo koci eko māsoti evaṃ tatiyakathinasikkhāpadādīsu anuññātasamaye. <span class="bld">Sutta</span>nti cīvarasibbanasuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Vinayakammaṃ katvā</span>ti mūlacīvaraṃ parikkhāracoḷaṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā paccāsācīvarameva mūlacīvaraṃ katvā ṭhapetabbaṃ, taṃ puna māsaparihāraṃ labhati, etena upāyena yāva icchati, tāva aññamaññaṃ mūlacīvaraṃ katvā ṭhapetuṃ labbhatīti vuttanayena, vikappanāvasena vā vinayakammaṃ katvā. Kasmā na vaṭṭatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sannidhi ca hoti sallekhañca kopetī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Upari maṇḍapasadisaṃ padaracchannaṃ, sabbapaliguṇṭhimaṃ vā chādetvā kataṃ <span class="bld">vayhaṃ.</span> Ubhosu passesu suvaṇṇarajatādimayā gopānasiyo datvā garuḷapakkhakanayena katā <span class="bld">sandamānitā.</span> Phalakādinā kataṃ pīṭhakayānaṃ <span class="bld">sivikā.</span> Antolikāsaṅkhātā paṭapoṭalikā <span class="bld">pāṭaṅkī. ‘‘Ekabhikkhussa hī’’</span>tiādi tadatthassa samatthanaṃ. <span class="bld">Araññatthāyā</span>ti araññagamanatthāya. <span class="bld">Dhotapādakatthāyā</span>ti dhovitapādānamanurakkhaṇatthāya. Saṃhanitabbā bandhitabbāti <span class="bld">saṅghāṭā,</span> upāhanāyeva saṅghāṭā tathā, yugaḷabhūtā upāhanāti attho. <span class="bld">Aññassa dātabbā</span>ti ettha vuttanayena dānaṃ veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mañco</span>ti nidassanamattaṃ. Sabbepi hi pīṭhabhisādayo nisīdanasayanayoggā gahetabbā tesupi tathāpaṭipajjitabbato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ābādhapaccayā eva attanā paribhuñjitabbā gandhā vaṭṭantīti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘kaṇḍukacchuchavidosādiābādhe satī’’</span>ti iminā. ‘‘Lakkhaṇe hi sati hetutthopi katthaci sambhavatī’’ti heṭṭhā vuttoyeva. Tattha <span class="bld">kaṇḍū</span>ti <a name="M1.0358"></a> khajju. <span class="bld">Kacchū</span>ti vitacchikā. <span class="bld">Chavidoso</span>ti kilāsādi. <span class="bld">Āharāpetvā</span>ti ñātipavāritato bhikkhācāravattena vā na yena kenaci vā ākārena harāpetvā. Bhesajjapaccayehi gilānassa viññattipi vaṭṭati. ‘‘Anujānāmi bhikkhave<a name="V1.0315"></a>, gandhaṃ gahetvā kavāṭe pañcaṅgulikaṃ dātuṃ, pupphaṃ gahetvā vihāre ekamantaṃ nikkhipitu’’nti (cūḷava. 264) vacanato <span class="bld">‘‘dvāre’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Gharadhūpanaṃ</span> vihāravāsanā, cetiyagharavāsanā vā. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena cetiyapaṭimāpūjādīni saṅgaṇhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kilesehi āmasitabbato <span class="bld">āmisaṃ,</span> yaṃ kiñci upabhogārahaṃ vatthu, tasmā yathāvuttānampi pasaṅgaṃ nivāretuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘vuttāvasesaṃ daṭṭhabba’’</span>nti āha, pārisesanayato gahitattā vuttāvasesaṃ daṭṭhabbanti adhippāyo. Kiṃ panetanti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘seyyathida’’</span>ntiādi. <span class="bld">Tathārūpe kāleti</span> gāmaṃ pavisituṃ dukkarādikāle. <span class="bld">Vallūro</span>ti sukkhamaṃsaṃ. <span class="bld">Bhājana</span>-saddo sappitelaguḷasaddehi yojetabbo tadavinābhāvittā. <span class="bld">Kālassevā</span>ti pageva. <span class="bld">Udakakaddame</span>ti udake ca kaddame ca. Nimitte cetaṃ bhummaṃ, bhāvalakkhaṇe vā. <span class="bld">Acchathā</span>ti nisīdatha. <span class="bld">Bhuñjantassevā</span>ti bhuñjato eva bhikkhuno, sampadānavacanaṃ, anādaratthe vā sāmivacanaṃ. Kiriyantarāvacchedanayogena hettha anādaratā. <span class="bld">Gīvāyāmaka</span>nti bhāvanapuṃsakavacanaṃ, gīvaṃ āyametvā āyataṃ katvāti attho, yathā vā bhutte atibhuttatāya gīvā āyamitabbā hoti, tathātipi vaṭṭati. <span class="bld">Catumāsampī</span>ti vassānassa cattāro māsepi. <span class="bld">Kuṭumbaṃ</span> vuccati dhanaṃ, tadassatthīti <span class="bld">kuṭumbiko,</span> muṇḍo ca so kuṭumbiko cāti <span class="bld">muṇḍakuṭumbiko,</span> tassa jīvikaṃ tathā, taṃ katvā jīvatīti attho. Nayadassanamattañcetaṃ āmisapadena dassitānaṃ sannidhivatthūnanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tabbirahitaṃ samaṇapaṭipattiṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘bhikkhuno panā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha ‘‘guḷapiṇḍo tālapakkappamāṇa’’nti <span class="bld">sāratthadīpaniyaṃ</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Catubhāgamatta</span>nti kuṭumbamattanti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Ekā taṇḍulanāḷī’’</span>ti vuttattā pana tassā catubhāgo ekapatthoti vadanti. Vuttañca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kuḍuvo pasato eko, pattho te caturo siyuṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Āḷhako caturo patthā, doṇaṃ vā caturāḷhaka’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmāti <a name="M1.0359"></a> vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘te hī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Āharāpetvāpi ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati,</span> pageva yathāladdhaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Aphāsukakāle’’</span>tiādinā suddhacittena ṭhapitassa paribhogo sallekhaṃ na kopetīti dasseti. Sammutikuṭikādayo catasso, avāsāgārabhūtena vā uposathāgārādinā saha pañcakuṭiyo sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘kappiyakuṭiya’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Sannidhi nāma natthi</span> tattha antovutthaantopakkassa anuññātattā. <span class="bld">‘‘Tathāgatassā’’</span>tiādinā adhikārānurūpaṃ atthaṃ payojeti. <span class="bld">Pilotikakhaṇḍa</span>nti jiṇṇacoḷakhaṇḍaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para13"></a><span class="paranum">13</span>. <span class="bld">‘‘Gīvaṃ</span> <a name="V1.0316"></a> <span class="bld">pasāretvā’’</span>ti etena sayameva āpāthagamane doso natthīti dasseti. <span class="bld">Ettakampī</span>ti vinicchayavicāraṇā vatthukittanampi. <span class="bld">Payojanamattamevā</span>ti padatthayojanamattameva. Yassa pana padassa vitthārakathaṃ vinā na sakkā attho viññātuṃ, tattha vitthārakathāpi padatthasaṅgahameva gacchati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kutūhalavasena pekkhitabbato <span class="bld">pekkhaṃ,</span> naṭasatthavidhinā payogo. Naṭasamūhena pana janasamūhe kattabbavasena <span class="bld">‘‘naṭasammajja’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Janānaṃ sammadde samūhe katanti hi <span class="bld">sammajjaṃ. Sārasamāse</span> pana ‘‘pekkhāmaha’’ntipi vadanti, ‘‘sammajjadassanussava’’nti tesaṃ mate attho. Bhāratanāmakānaṃ dvebhātukarājūnaṃ, rāmarañño ca yujjhanādikaṃ tappasutehi ācikkhitabbato <span class="bld">akkhānaṃ. Gantumpi na vaṭṭati,</span> pageva taṃ sotuṃ. Pāṇinā tāḷitabbaṃ saraṃ <span class="bld">pāṇissara</span>nti āha <span class="bld">‘‘kaṃsatāḷa’’</span>nti, lohamayo tūriyajātiviseso kaṃso, lohamayapatto vā, tassa tāḷanasaddanti attho. Pāṇīnaṃ tāḷanasaranti atthaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">pāṇitāḷantipi vadanti.</span> Ghanasaṅkhātānaṃ tūriyavisesānaṃ tāḷanaṃ <span class="bld">ghanatāḷaṃ</span> nāma, daṇḍamayasammatāḷaṃ silātalākatāḷaṃ vā. <span class="bld">Mantenā</span>ti bhūtāvisanamantena. <span class="bld">Eke</span>ti sārasamāsācariyā, uttaravihāravāsino ca, yathā cettha, evamito paresupi ‘‘eke’’ti āgataṭṭhānesu. Te kira dīghanikāyassatthavisesavādino. <span class="bld">Caturassaambaṇakatāḷaṃ</span> nāma rukkhasāradaṇḍādīsu yena kenaci caturassaambaṇaṃ katvā catūsu passesu dhammena onaddhitvā vāditabhaṇḍassa tāḷanaṃ. Tañhi ekādasadoṇappamāṇamānavisesasaṇṭhānattā <span class="bld">‘‘ambaṇaka’’</span>nti vuccati, bimbisakantipi tasseva nāmaṃ. Tathā kumbhasaṇṭhānatāya <span class="bld">kumbho,</span> ghaṭoyeva vā, tassa dhunananti khuddakabhāṇakā. <span class="bld">Abbhokkiraṇaṃ</span> raṅgabalikaraṇaṃ. Te hi naccaṭṭhāne devatānaṃ balikaraṇaṃ nāma katvā kīḷanti, yaṃ ‘‘nandī’’tipi vuccati<a name="M1.0360"></a>. Itthipurisasaṃyogādikilesajanakaṃ paṭibhānacittaṃ sobhanakaraṇato <span class="bld">sobhanakaraṃ</span> nāma. ‘‘Sobhanagharaka’’nti <span class="bld">sārasamāse</span> vuttaṃ. Caṇḍāya alanti <span class="bld">caṇḍālaṃ, ayoguḷakīḷā. Caṇḍālā</span> nāma hīnajātikā sunakhamaṃsabhojino, tesaṃ idanti <span class="bld">caṇḍālaṃ</span>. Sāṇe udakena temetvā aññamaññaṃ ākoṭanakīḷā <span class="bld">sāṇadhovanakīḷā</span>. Vaṃsena kataṃ kīḷanaṃ <span class="bld">vaṃsa</span>nti āha <span class="bld">‘‘veḷuṃ ussāpetvā kīḷana’’</span>nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nikhaṇitvā</span>ti bhūmiyaṃ nikhātaṃ katvā. <span class="bld">Nakkhattakāle</span>ti nakkhattayogachaṇakāle. Tamatthaṃ aṅguttarāgame dasakanipātapāḷiyā (a. ni. 10.106) sādhento <span class="bld">‘‘vuttampiceta’’</span>ntiādimāha. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tasmiṃ aṭṭhidhovane. <span class="bld">Indajālenā</span>ti aṭṭhidhovanamantaṃ parijappetvā yathā pare aṭṭhīniyeva passanti, na maṃsādīni, evaṃ maṃsādīnamantaradhāpanamāyāya. Indassa <a name="V1.0317"></a> jālamiva hi paṭicchādituṃ samatthanato ‘‘indajāla’’nti māyā vuccati indacāpādayo viya. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhidhovana</span>nti aṭṭhidhovanakīḷā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Hatthiādīhi saddhiṃ yujjhitu</span>nti hatthiādīsu abhiruhitvā aññehi saddhiṃ yujjhanaṃ, hatthiādīhi ca saddhiṃ sayameva yujjhanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, hatthiādīhi saddhiṃ aññehi yujjhituṃ, sayaṃ vā yujjhitunti hi attho. <span class="bld">Te</span>ti hatthiādayo. Aññamaññaṃ mathenti vilothentīti <span class="bld">mallā,</span> bāhuyuddhakārakā, tesaṃ yuddhaṃ. <span class="bld">Sampahāro</span>ti saṅgāmo. Balassa senāya aggaṃ gaṇanakoṭṭhāsaṃ karonti etthāti <span class="bld">balaggaṃ,</span> ‘‘ettakā hatthī, ettakā assā’’tiādinā <span class="bld">balagaṇanaṭṭhānaṃ.</span> Senaṃ viyūhanti ettha vibhajitvā ṭhapenti, senāya vā ettha byūhanaṃ vinyāsoti <span class="bld">senābyūho,</span> ‘‘ito hatthī hontu, ito assā hontū’’tiādinā yuddhatthaṃ caturaṅgabalāya senāya desavisesesu vicāraṇaṭṭhānaṃ, taṃ pana bhedato <span class="bld">sakaṭabyūhādivasena. Ādi</span>-saddena cakkapadumabyūhānaṃ daṇḍabhogamaṇḍalāsaṃhatabyūhānañca gahaṇaṃ, ‘‘tayo hatthī pacchimaṃ hatthānīkaṃ, tayo assā pacchimaṃ assānīkaṃ, tayo rathā pacchimaṃ rathānīkaṃ, cattāro purisā sarahatthā pattī pacchimaṃ pattānīka’’nti (pāci. 324 uyyodhikasikkhāpade) kaṇḍaviddhasikkhāpadassa padabhājanaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘tayo…pe…ādinā nayena vuttassā’’</span>ti āha. Tañca kho ‘‘dvādasapuriso hatthī, tipuriso asso, catupuriso <a name="M1.0361"></a> ratho, cattāro purisā sarahatthā pattī’’ti (pāci. 314 uyyuttasenāsikkhāpade) vuttalakkhaṇato hatthiādigaṇanenāti daṭṭhabbaṃ, etena ca ‘‘cha hatthiniyo, eko ca hatthī idameka’’nti (mahāva. aṭṭha. 245) <span class="bld">cammakkhandhakavaṇṇanāyaṃ</span> vuttamanīkaṃ paṭikkhipati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para14"></a><span class="paranum">14</span>. Kāraṇaṃ nāma phalassa ṭhānanti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘pamādo…pe… ṭhāna’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Padānī</span>ti sārīādīnaṃ patiṭṭhānāni. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhāpada</span>nti saññāya dīghatā. <span class="bld">‘‘Aṭṭhapada’’</span>ntipi paṭhanti. <span class="bld">Dasapadaṃ</span> nāma dvīhi pantīti vīsatiyā padehi kīḷanajūtaṃ. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhapadadasapadesū</span>ti aṭṭhapadadasapadaphalakesu. <span class="bld">Ākāseyeva kīḷana</span>nti ‘‘ayaṃ sārī asukapadaṃ mayā nītā, ayaṃ asukapada’’nti kevalaṃ mukheneva vadantānaṃ ākāseyeva jūtassa kīḷanaṃ. <span class="bld">Nānāpathamaṇḍala</span>nti anekavihitasārīmaggaparivaṭṭaṃ. <span class="bld">Pariharitabba</span>nti sāriyo pariharituṃ yuttakaṃ. Ito cito ca saranti parivattantīti <span class="bld">sāriyo,</span> yena kenaci katāni akkhabījāni. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tāsu sārīsu, tasmiṃ vā apanayanupanayane. <span class="bld">Jūtakhalike</span>ti jūtamaṇḍale. ‘‘Jūtaphalake’’tipi adhunā pāṭho. <span class="bld">Pāsakaṃ</span> vuccati chasu passesu ekekaṃ yāva chakkaṃ dassetvā katakīḷanakaṃ, taṃ vaḍḍhetvā yathāladdhaṃ <a name="V1.0318"></a> ekakādivasena sāriyo apanento, upanento ca kīḷanti, pasati aṭṭhapadādīsu bādhati, phusati cāti hi <span class="bld">pāsako,</span> catubbīsatividho akkho. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Aṭṭhakaṃ mālikaṃ vuttaṃ, sāvaṭṭañca chakaṃ mataṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Catukkaṃ bahulaṃ ñeyyaṃ, dvi bindusantibhadrakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Catuvīsati āyā ca, munindena pakāsitā’’ti.</p>
<p class="unindented">Tena kīḷanamidha <span class="bld">pāsakakīḷanaṃ. Ghaṭanaṃ</span> paharaṇaṃ, tena kīḷā <span class="bld">ghaṭikā</span>ti āha <span class="bld">‘‘dīghadaṇḍakenā’’</span>tiādi. Ghaṭena kumbhena kīḷā <span class="bld">ghaṭikā</span>ti eke. <span class="bld">Mañjiṭṭhikāya vā</span>ti mañjiṭṭhisaṅkhātassa yojanavallirukkhassa sāraṃ gahetvā pakkakasāvaṃ sandhāya vadati. <span class="bld">Sitthodakena vā</span>ti [piṭṭhodakena vā (aṭṭhakathāyaṃ)] ca pakkamadhusitthodakaṃ. <span class="bld">Salākahattha</span>nti tālahīrādīnaṃ kalāpassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Bahūsu salākāsu visesarahitaṃ ekaṃ salākaṃ gahetvā tāsu pakkhipitvā puna taññeva uddharantā salākahatthena kīḷantīti keci. <span class="bld">Guḷakīḷā</span>ti guḷaphalakīḷā, yena kenaci vā kataguḷakīḷā. Paṇṇena vaṃsākārena katā nāḷikā <span class="bld">paṇṇanāḷikā,</span> tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘taṃdhamantā’’</span>ti. Khuddake ka-paccayoti <a name="M1.0362"></a> dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘khuddakanaṅgala’’</span>nti iminā. Hatthapādānaṃ mokkhena mocanena cayati parivattati etāyāti <span class="bld">mokkhacikā,</span> tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘ākāse vā’’</span>tiādi. Paribbhamanattāyeva taṃ cakkaṃ nāmāti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘paribbhamanacakka’’</span>nti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paṇṇena katā nāḷi <span class="bld">paṇṇanāḷi,</span> iminā pattāḷhakapadadvayassa yathākkamaṃ pariyāyaṃ dasseti. Tena katā pana kīḷā <span class="bld">pattāḷhakā</span>ti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tāyā’’</span>tiādi. Khuddako ratho <span class="bld">rathako ka</span>-saddassa khuddakatthavacanato. Esa nayo sesapadesupi. Ākāse vā yaṃ ñāpeti, tassa piṭṭhiyaṃ vā yathā vā tathā vā akkharaṃ likhitvā ‘‘evamida’’nti jānanena kīḷā <span class="bld">akkharikā,</span> pucchantassa mukhāgataṃ akkharaṃ gahetvā naṭṭhamuttilābhādijānanakīḷātipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Vajja</span>-saddo aparādhatthoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yathāvajjaṃ nāmā’’</span>tiādi. Vāditānurūpaṃ naccanaṃ, gāyanaṃ vā yathāvajjantipi vadanti. ‘‘Evaṃ kate jayo bhavissati, evaṃ kate parājayo’’ti jayaparājayaṃ purakkhatvā payogakaraṇavasena parihārapathādīnampi jūtappamādaṭṭhānabhāvo veditabbo, paṅgacīrādīhi ca vaṃsādīhi kattabbā kiccasiddhi, asiddhi cāti jayaparājayāvaho payogo vutto, yathāvajjanti ca kāṇādīhi sadisākāradassanehi jayaparājayavasena jūtakīḷikabhāvena vuttaṃ. Sabbepi <a name="V1.0319"></a> hete jotenti pakāsenti etehi tappayogikā jayaparājayavasena, javanti ca gacchanti jayaparājayaṃ etehīti vā atthena jūtasaddavacanīyataṃ nātivattanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para15"></a><span class="paranum">15</span>. <span class="bld">Pamāṇātikkantāsana</span>nti ‘‘aṭṭhaṅgulapādakaṃ kāretabbaṃ sugataṅgulenā’’ti vuttappamāṇato atikkantāsanaṃ. Kammavasena payojanato <span class="bld">‘‘anuyuttā viharantīti padaṃ apekkhitvā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Vāḷarūpānī</span>ti āharimāni sīhabyagghādivāḷarūpāni. Vuttañhi bhikkhunivibhaṅge ‘‘pallaṅko nāma āharimehi vāḷehi kato’’ti (pāci. 984) ‘‘akappiyarūpākulo akappiyamañco pallaṅko’’ti <span class="bld">sārasamāse</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Dīghalomako mahākojavo</span>ti caturaṅgulādhikalomo kāḷavaṇṇo mahākojavo. <span class="bld">Ku</span>vuccati pathavī, tassaṃ javati sobhanavitthaṭavasenāti <span class="bld">kojavo. ‘‘Caturaṅgulādhikāni kira tassa lomānī’’</span>ti vacanato caturaṅgulato heṭṭhā <a name="M1.0363"></a> vaṭṭatīti vadanti. <span class="bld">Uddalomī ekantalomī</span>ti visesadassanametaṃ, tasmā yadi tāsu na pavisati, vaṭṭatīti gahetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Vānavicitta</span>nti bhitticchadādiākārena vānena sibbanena vicitraṃ. <span class="bld">Uṇṇāmayattharaṇa</span>nti migalomapakatamattharaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Setattharaṇo</span>ti dhavalattharaṇo. Sītatthikehi sevitabbattā <span class="bld">setattharaṇo,</span> ‘‘bahumudulomako’’tipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Ghanapupphako</span>ti sabbathā pupphākārasampanno. <span class="bld">‘‘Uṇṇāmayattharaṇo</span>ti uṇṇāmayo lohitattharaṇo’’ti (sārattha. ṭī. 258) <span class="bld">sāratthadīpaniyaṃ</span> vuttaṃ. Āmalakapattākārāhi pupphapantīhi yebhuyyato katattā <span class="bld">āmalakapattotipi vuccati.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tiṇṇaṃ tūlāna</span>nti rukkhatūlalatātūlapoṭakītūlasaṅkhātānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ tūlānaṃ. Uditaṃ dvīsu lomaṃ dasā yassāti <span class="bld">uddalomī</span> i-kārassa akāraṃ, ta-kārassa lopaṃ, dvibhāvañca katvā. Ekasmiṃ ante lomaṃ dasā yassāti <span class="bld">ekantalomī.</span> Ubhayattha <span class="bld">kecī</span>ti sārasamāsācariyā, uttaravihāravāsino ca. Tesaṃ vāde pana uditamekato uggataṃ lomamayaṃ pupphaṃ yassāti <span class="bld">uddalomī</span> vuttanayena. Ubhato antato ekaṃ sadisaṃ lomamayaṃ pupphaṃ yassāti <span class="bld">ekantalomī</span>ti vacanattho. <span class="bld">Vinayaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> pana ‘‘uddalomīti ekato uggatalomaṃ uṇṇāmayattharaṇaṃ. ‘Uddhalomī’tipi pāṭho. Ekantalomīti ubhato uggatalomaṃ uṇṇāmayattharaṇa’’nti (mahāva. aṭṭha. 254) vuttaṃ, nāmamattamesa viseso. Atthato pana aggahitāvaseso aṭṭhakathādvayepi natthīti daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Koseyyañca kaṭṭissañca <span class="bld">kaṭṭissāni</span> virūpekasesavasena. Tehi pakatamattharaṇaṃ <span class="bld">kaṭṭissaṃ.</span> Etadevatthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘koseyyakaṭṭissamayapaccattharaṇa’’</span>nti vuttaṃ, koseyyasuttānamantarantaraṃ suvaṇṇamayasuttāni pavesetvā vītamattharaṇanti vuttaṃ hoti. Suvaṇṇasuttaṃ kira ‘‘kaṭṭissaṃ, kassaṭa’’nti <a name="V1.0320"></a> ca vadanti. Teneva ‘‘koseyyakassaṭamaya’’nti <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.15) vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Kaṭṭissaṃ</span> nāma vākavisesotipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Ratanaparisibbita</span>nti ratanehi saṃsibbitaṃ, suvaṇṇalittanti keci. <span class="bld">Suddhakoseyya</span>nti ratanaparisibbanarahitaṃ. <span class="bld">Vinaye</span>ti vinayaṭṭhakathaṃ, vinayapariyāyaṃ vā sandhāya vuttaṃ. Idha hi suttantikapariyāye ‘‘ṭhapetvā tūlikaṃ sabbāneva gonakādīni ratanaparisibbitāni vaṭṭantī’’ti vuttaṃ. Vinayapariyāyaṃ pana patvā garuke <a name="M1.0364"></a> ṭhātabbattā suddhakoseyyameva vaṭṭati, netarānīti vinicchayo veditabbo, suttantikapariyāye pana ratanaparisibbanarahitāpi tūlikā na vaṭṭati, itarāni vaṭṭanti, sacepi tāni ratanaparisibbitāni, bhūmattharaṇavasena yathānurūpaṃ mañcapīṭhādīsu ca upanetuṃ vaṭṭantīti. Suttantadesanāya gahaṭṭhānampi vasena vuttattā tesaṃ saṅgaṇhanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ṭhapetvā…pe… na vaṭṭantīti vutta’’</span>nti apare. <span class="bld">Dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāya</span>nti katthaci pāṭho, porāṇadīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyanti attho. <span class="bld">Naccayogga</span>nti naccituṃ pahonakaṃ. Karonti ettha naccanti <span class="bld">kuttakaṃ,</span> taṃ pana uddalomīekantalomīvisesameva. Vuttañca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dvidasekadasānyudda-lomīekantalomino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tadeva soḷasitthīnaṃ, naccayoggañhi kuttaka’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Hatthino piṭṭhiyaṃ attharaṃ <span class="bld">hatthattharaṃ.</span> Evaṃ sesapadesupi. <span class="bld">Ajinacammehī</span>ti ajinamigacammehi, tāni kira cammāni sukhumatarāni, tasmā dupaṭṭatipaṭṭāni katvā sibbanti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ajinappaveṇī’’ti, uparūpari ṭhapetvā sibbanavasena hi santatibhūtā ‘‘paveṇī’’ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Kadalīmigo</span>ti mañjārākāramigo, tassa dhammena kataṃ pavarapaccattharaṇaṃ tathā. <span class="bld">‘‘Taṃ kirā’’</span>tiādi tadākāradassanaṃ, tasmā suddhameva kadalīmigacammaṃ vaṭṭatīti vadanti. Uttaraṃ uparibhāgaṃ chādetīti <span class="bld">uttaracchado,</span> vitānaṃ. Tampi lohitameva idhādhippetanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘rattavitānenā’’</span>ti. ‘‘Yaṃ vattati, taṃ sauttaraccheda’’nti ettha seso, saṃsibbitabhāvena saddhiṃ vattatīti attho. Rattavitānesu ca kāsāvaṃ vaṭṭati, kusumbhādirattameva na vaṭṭati, tañca kho sabbarattameva. Yaṃ pana nānāvaṇṇaṃ vānacittaṃ vā lepacittaṃ vā, taṃ vaṭṭati. Paccattharaṇasseva padhānattā tappaṭibaddhaṃ setavitānampi na vaṭṭatīti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ubhato</span>ti ubhayattha mañcassa sīsabhāge, pādabhāge cāti attho. Etthāpi sauttaracchade viya vinicchayo. <span class="bld">Padumavaṇṇaṃ vā</span>ti nātirattaṃ sandhāyāha. <span class="bld">Vicitraṃ vā</span>ti pana sabbathā kappiyattā vuttaṃ, na pana ubhato upadhānesu akappiyattā. Na hi <span class="bld">lohitaka</span>-saddo citte vaṭṭati. Paṭalikaggahaṇeneva cittakassāpi attharaṇassa saṅgahetabbappasaṅgato. <span class="bld">Sace pamāṇayutta</span>nti vuttamevatthaṃ byatirekato samatthetuṃ <a name="V1.0321"></a> āha <span class="bld">‘‘mahāupadhānaṃ pana paṭikkhitta’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Mahāupadhāna</span>nti ca pamāṇātikkantaṃ upadhānaṃ. Sīsappamāṇameva hi tassa pamāṇaṃ. Vuttañca ‘‘anujānāmi bhikkhave, sīsappamāṇaṃ <a name="M1.0365"></a> bibbohanaṃ kātu’’nti (cūḷava. 297) <span class="bld">sīsappamāṇa</span>ñca nāma yassa vitthārato tīsu kaṇṇesu dvinnaṃ kaṇṇānaṃ antaraṃ miniyamānaṃ vidatthi ceva caturaṅgulañca hoti. Bibbohanassa majjhaṭṭhānaṃ tiriyato muṭṭhiratanaṃ hoti, dīghato pana diyaḍḍharatanaṃ vā dviratanaṃ vā. Taṃ pana akappiyattāyeva paṭikkhittaṃ, na tu uccāsayanamahāsayanapariyāpannattā. <span class="bld">Dvepī</span>ti sīsūpadhānaṃ, pādūpadhānañca. <span class="bld">Paccattharaṇaṃ datvā</span>ti paccattharaṇaṃ katvā attharitvāti attho, idañca gilānameva sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tenāha <span class="bld">senāsanakkhandhakavaṇṇanāyaṃ</span> ‘‘agilānassāpi sīsūpadhānañca pādūpadhānañcāti dvayameva vaṭṭati. Gilānassa bibbohanāni santharitvā upari paccattharaṇaṃ katvā nipajjitumpi vaṭṭatī’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 297) <span class="bld">vuttanayenevā</span>ti vinaye bhagavatā vuttanayeneva. Kathaṃ pana vuttanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘vuttañheta’’</span>ntiādi. Yathā aṭṭhaṅgulapādakaṃ hoti, evaṃ āsandiyā pādacchindanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Pallaṅkassa pana āharimāni vāḷarūpāni āharitvā puna appaṭibaddhatākāraṇampi bhedanameva. <span class="bld">Vijaṭetvā</span>ti jaṭaṃ nibbedhetvā. <span class="bld">Bibbohanaṃ kātu</span>nti tāni vijaṭitatūlāni anto pakkhipitvā bibbohanaṃ kātuṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para16"></a><span class="paranum">16</span>. <span class="bld">‘‘Mātukucchito nikkhantadārakāna’’</span>nti etena aṇḍajajalābujānameva gahaṇaṃ, mātukucchito nikkhantattāti ca kāraṇaṃ dasseti, tenevāyamattho sijjhati ‘‘anekadivasāni antosayanahetu esa gandho’’ti. <span class="bld">Ucchādenti</span> ubbaṭṭenti. <span class="bld">Saṇṭhānasampādanattha</span>nti susaṇṭhānatāsampādanatthaṃ. <span class="bld">Parimaddantī</span>ti samantato maddanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tesaṃyeva dārakāna</span>nti puññavantānameva dārakānaṃ. Tesameva hi pakaraṇānurūpatāya gahaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Mahāmallāna</span>nti mahataṃ bāhuyuddhakārakānaṃ. <span class="bld">Ādāso</span> nāma maṇḍanakapakatikānaṃ manussānaṃ attano mukhachāyāpassanatthaṃ kaṃsalohādīhi kato bhaṇḍaviseso. Tādisaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘yaṃ kiñci…pe… na vaṭṭatī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Alaṅkārañjanameva</span> na bhesajjañjanaṃ. Maṇḍanānuyogassa hi adhippetattā tamidhānadhippetaṃ. Loke <span class="bld">mālā</span>-saddo baddhamālāyameva ‘‘mālā mālyaṃ pupphadāme’’ti vacanato. Sāsane pana suddhapupphesupi niruḷhoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘abaddhamālā vā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Kāḷapīḷakādīna</span>nti kāḷavaṇṇapīḷakādīnaṃ. <span class="bld">Mattikakakka</span>nti osadhehi abhisaṅkhataṃ yogamattikācuṇṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Dentī</span>ti vilepenti. <span class="bld">Calite</span>ti vikārāpajjanavasena calanaṃ patte<a name="M1.0366"></a>, kupiteti attho. <span class="bld">Tenā</span>ti sāsapakakkena. <span class="bld">Dose</span>ti kāḷapīḷakādīnaṃ hetubhūte lohitadose. <span class="bld">Khādite</span>ti apanayanavasena khādite. <span class="bld">Sannisinne</span>ti tādise duṭṭhalohite parikkhīṇe. <span class="bld">Mukhacuṇṇakenā</span>ti mukhavilepanena<a name="V1.0322"></a>. <span class="bld">Cuṇṇentī</span>ti vilimpenti. <span class="bld">Taṃ sabba</span>nti mattikākakkasāsapatilahaliddikakkadānasaṅkhātaṃ mukhacuṇṇaṃ, mukhavilepanañca na vaṭṭati. Atthānukkamasambhavato hi ayaṃ padadvayassa vaṇṇanā. Mukhacuṇṇasaṅkhātaṃ mukhavilepananti vā padadvayassa tulyādhikaraṇavasena atthavibhāvanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Hatthabandha</span>nti hatthe bandhitabbamābharaṇaṃ, taṃ pana saṅkhakapālādayoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘hatthe’’</span>tiādi. Saṅkho eva kapālaṃ tathā. <span class="bld">‘‘Apare’’</span>tiādinā yathākkamaṃ ‘‘sikhābandha’’ntiādi padānamatthaṃ saṃvaṇṇeti. Tattha <span class="bld">sikha</span>nti cūḷaṃ. Cīrakaṃ nāma yena cūḷāya thirakaraṇatthaṃ, sobhanatthañca vijjhati. Muttāya, muttā eva vā latā <span class="bld">muttālatā,</span> muttāvaḷi. <span class="bld">Daṇḍo</span> nāma catuhatthoti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘catuhatthadaṇḍaṃ vā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Alaṅkatadaṇḍaka</span>nti pana tato omakaṃ rathayaṭṭhiādikaṃ sandhāyāha. <span class="bld">Bhesajjanāḷika</span>nti bhesajjatumbaṃ. Pattādiolambanaṃ vāmaṃseyeva aciṇṇanti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘vāmapasse olaggita’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Kaṇṇikā</span> nāma kūṭaṃ, tāya ca ratanena ca parikkhitto koso yassa tathā. <span class="bld">Pañcavaṇṇasuttasibbita</span>nti nīlapītalohitodātamañjiṭṭhavasena pañcavaṇṇehi suttehi sibbitaṃ tividhampi chattaṃ. <span class="bld">Ratanamattāyāmaṃ caturaṅgulavitthata</span>nti tesaṃ paricayaniyāmena vā nalāṭe bandhituṃ pahonakappamāṇena vā vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Kesantaparicchedaṃ dassetvā’’</span>ti etena tadanajjhottharaṇavasena bandhanākāraṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Meghamukhe</span>ti abbhantare. <span class="bld">‘‘Maṇi’’</span>nti idaṃ siromaṇiṃ sandhāya vuttanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘cūḷāmaṇi’’</span>nti, cūḷāyaṃ maṇinti attho. Camarassa ayaṃ cāmaro, sveva vālo, tena katā bījanī <span class="bld">cāmaravālabījanī. </span> Aññāsaṃ pana makasabījanīvākamayabījanīusīramayabījanīmorapiñchamayabījanīnaṃ, vidhūpanatālavaṇṭānañca kappiyattā tassāyeva gahaṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para17"></a><span class="paranum">17</span>. Duggatito, saṃsārato ca niyyāti etenāti <span class="bld">niyyānaṃ,</span> saggamaggo, mokkhamaggo ca. Taṃ niyyānamarahati, tasmiṃ vā niyyāne niyuttā, taṃ vā niyyānaṃ phalabhūtaṃ etissāti <span class="bld">niyyānikā,</span> vacīduccaritakilesato niyyātīti vā <span class="bld">niyyānikā</span> ī-kārassa rassattaṃ, ya-kārassa ca ka-kāraṃ <a name="M1.0367"></a> katvā. Anīya-saddo hi bahulā katvatthābhidhāyako. Cetanāya saddhiṃ samphappalāpavirati idha adhippetā. Tappaṭipakkhato <span class="bld">aniyyānikā,</span> samphappalāpo, tassā bhāvo <span class="bld">aniyyānikattaṃ,</span> tasmā <span class="bld">aniyyānikattā.</span> <span class="bld">Tiracchānabhūtā</span>ti tirokaraṇabhūtā vibandhanabhūtā. <span class="bld">Sopi nāmā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">nāma</span>-saddo garahāyaṃ. <span class="bld">Kammaṭṭhānabhāve</span>ti aniccatāpaṭisaṃyuttattā catusaccakammaṭṭhānabhāve. <span class="bld">Kāmassādavasenā</span>ti kāmasaṅkhātaassādavasena. Saha atthenāti <span class="bld">sātthakaṃ,</span> hitapaṭisaṃyuttanti attho. <span class="bld">Upāhanā</span>ti yānakathāsambandhaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Suṭṭhu nivesitabboti <span class="bld">suniviṭṭho. </span> Tathā <span class="bld">dunniviṭṭho. Gāma</span>-saddena gāmavāsī janopi gahitoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘asukagāmavāsino’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sūrakathā</span>ti <a name="V1.0323"></a> ettha <span class="bld">sūra</span>-saddo vīravācakoti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘sūro ahosī’’</span>ti iminā. <span class="bld">Visikhā</span> nāma maggasanniveso, idha pana visikhāgahaṇena tannivāsinopi gahitā ‘‘sabbo gāmo āgato’’tiādīsu viya, tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘saddhā pasannā’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kumbhassa ṭhānaṃ nāma udakaṭṭhānanti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘udakaṭṭhānakathā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Udakatitthakathātipi vuccati</span> tattheva samavarodhato. Apica kumbhassa karaṇaṭṭhānaṃ <span class="bld">kumbhaṭṭhānaṃ.</span> Tadapadesena pana kumbhadāsiyo vuttāti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘kumbhadāsikathā vā’’</span>ti iminā. Pubbe petā kālaṅkatāti <span class="bld">pubbapetā.</span> ‘‘Peto pareto kālaṅkato’’ti hi pariyāyavacanaṃ. Heṭṭhā vuttanayamatidisituṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tatthā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Purimapacchimakathāhi vimuttā</span>ti idhāgatāhi purimāhi, pacchimāhi ca kathāhi vimuttā. <span class="bld">Nānāsabhāvā</span>ti atta-saddassa sabhāvapariyāyabhāvamāha. <span class="bld">Asukena nāmā</span>ti pajāpatinā brahmunā, issarena vā. Uppattiṭhitisambhārādivasena lokaṃ akkhāyati etāyāti <span class="bld">lokakkhāyikā,</span> sā pana lokāyatasamaññe vitaṇḍasatthe nissitā sallāpakathāti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘lokāyatavitaṇḍasallāpakathā’’</span>ti iminā. Lokā bālajanā āyatanti ettha ussahanti vādassādenāti <span class="bld">lokāyataṃ,</span> loko vā hitaṃ na yatati na īhati tenāti <span class="bld">lokāyataṃ.</span> Tañhi ganthaṃ nissāya sattā puññakiriyāya cittampi na uppādenti<a name="M1.0368"></a>. Aññamaññaviruddhaṃ, saggamokkhaviruddhaṃ vā kathaṃ tanonti etthāti <span class="bld">vitaṇḍo,</span> viruddhena vā vādadaṇḍena tāḷenti ettha vādinoti <span class="bld">vitaṇḍo,</span> sabbattha niruttinayena padasiddhi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sāgaradevena khato</span>ti ettha sāgararañño puttehi khatotipi vadanti. Vijjati pavedanahetubhūtā muddhā yassāti <span class="bld">samuddo</span> dha-kārassa da-kāraṃ katvā, <span class="bld">saha</span>-saddo cettha vijjamānatthavācako ‘‘salomakosapakkhako’’tiādīsu viya. <span class="bld">Bhavo</span>ti vuddhi bhavati vaḍḍhatīti katvā. <span class="bld">Vibhavo</span>ti hāni tabbirahato. Dvandato pubbe suyyamāno itisaddo paccekaṃ yojetabboti āha <span class="bld">‘‘iti bhavo iti abhavo’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Yaṃ vā taṃ vā</span>ti yaṃ kiñci, atha taṃ aniyamanti attho. Abhūtañhi aniyamatthaṃ saha vikappena yaṃtaṃ-saddehi dīpenti ācariyā. Apica <span class="bld">bhavo</span>ti sassato. <span class="bld">Abhavo</span>ti ucchedo. <span class="bld">Bhavo</span>ti vā kāmasukhaṃ. <span class="bld">Abhavo</span>ti attakilamatho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iti imāya chabbidhāya itibhavābhavakathāya saddhiṃ bāttiṃsa tiracchānakathā nāma honti. Atha <a name="V1.0324"></a> vā pāḷiyaṃ sarūpato anāgatāpi araññapabbatanadīdīpakathā <span class="bld">iti</span>-saddena saṅgahetvā battiṃsa tiracchānakathāti vuccanti. Pāḷiyañhi <span class="bld">‘‘iti vā’’</span>ti <span class="bld">ettha iti</span>-saddo pakārattho, <span class="bld">vā</span>-saddo vikappanattho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti ‘‘evaṃpakāraṃ, ito aññaṃ vā tādisaṃ niratthakakathaṃ anuyuttā viharantī’’ti, ādiattho vā <span class="bld">iti</span>-saddo iti vā iti evarūpā ‘‘naccagītavāditavisūkadassanā paṭivirato’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.10, 164; ma. ni. 1.293, 411; 2.11, 418; 3.14, 102; a. ni. 10.99) viya, iti evamādiṃ aññampi tādisaṃ kathamanuyuttā viharantīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para18"></a><span class="paranum">18</span>. Viruddhassa gahaṇaṃ <span class="bld">viggaho,</span> so yesanti <span class="bld">viggāhikā,</span> tesaṃ tathā, viruddhaṃ vā gaṇhāti etāyāti <span class="bld">viggāhikā,</span> sāyeva kathā tathā. <span class="bld">Sārambhakathā</span>ti upārambhakathā. <span class="bld">Sahita</span>nti pubbāparāviruddhaṃ. Tatoyeva <span class="bld">siliṭṭhaṃ</span>. Taṃ pana atthakāraṇayuttatāyāti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘atthayuttaṃ kāraṇayuttanti attho’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Nti vacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Parivattitvā ṭhitaṃ</span> sapattagato asamattho yodho viya na kiñci jānāsi, kintu sayameva parājesīti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Vādo doso</span>ti pariyāyavacanaṃ. Tathā <span class="bld">cara</span> <a name="M1.0369"></a> <span class="bld">vicarā</span>ti. <span class="bld">Tattha tatthā</span>ti tasmiṃ tasmiṃ ācariyakule. <span class="bld">Nibbedhehī</span>ti mayā ropitaṃ vādaṃ vissajjehi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para19"></a><span class="paranum">19</span>. Dūtassa kammaṃ <span class="bld">dūteyyaṃ,</span> tassa kathā tathā, tassaṃ. <span class="bld">Idha, amutrā</span>ti upayogatthe bhummavacanaṃ, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘asukaṃ nāma ṭhāna’’</span>nti. Vitthārato vinicchayo vinayaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (pārā. aṭṭha. 436-437) vuttoti saṅkhepato idha dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘saṅkhepato panā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Gihisāsana</span>nti yathāvuttaviparītaṃ sāsanaṃ. <span class="bld">Aññesa</span>nti gihīnaññeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para20"></a><span class="paranum">20</span>. <span class="bld">Tividhenā</span>ti sāmantajappanairiyāpathasannissitapaccayapaṭisevanabhedato tividhena. <span class="bld">Vimhāpayantī</span>ti ‘‘ayamacchariyapuriso’’ti attani paresaṃ vimhayaṃ sampahaṃsanaṃ acchariyaṃ uppādenti. Vipubbañhi mhi-saddaṃ sampahaṃsane vadanti saddavidū. Sampahaṃsanākāro ca acchariyaṃ. <span class="bld">Lapantī</span>ti attānaṃ vā dāyakaṃ vā ukkhipitvā yathā so kiñci dadāti, evaṃ ukkācetvā ukkhipanavasena dīpetvā kathenti. <span class="bld">Nimittaṃ sīlametesanti nemittikā</span>ti taddhitavasena tassīlattho yathā ‘‘paṃsukūliko’’ti (mahāni. 52) apica nimittena vadanti, nimittaṃ vā karontīti <span class="bld">nemittikā. Nimitta</span>nti ca paresaṃ paccayadānasaññuppādakaṃ kāyavacīkammaṃ vuccati. <span class="bld">Nippeso</span> nippisanaṃ cuṇṇaṃ viya karaṇaṃ. Nippisantīti vā <span class="bld">nippesā,</span> nippesāyeva <span class="bld">nippesikā,</span> nippisanaṃ vā <span class="bld">nippeso,</span> taṃ karontītipi <span class="bld">nippesikā. Nippeso</span> ca nāma <a name="V1.0325"></a> bhaṭapuriso viya lābhasakkāratthaṃ akkosanakhuṃsanuppaṇḍanaparapiṭṭhimaṃsikatā. <span class="bld">Lābhena lābha</span>nti ito lābhena amutra lābhaṃ. <span class="bld">Nijigīsanti magganti pariyesantī</span>ti pariyāyavacanaṃ. Kuhakādayo saddā kuhānādīni nimittaṃ katvā taṃsamaṅgipuggalesu pavattāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘kuhanā…pe… adhivacana’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhakathañcā</span>ti taṃtaṃpāḷisaṃvaṇṇanābhūtaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathañca.</p>
<p class="centered">Majjhimasīlavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Mahāsīlavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para21"></a><span class="paranum">21</span>. Aṅgāni <a name="M1.0370"></a> ārabbha pavattattā aṅgasahacaritaṃ satthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘aṅga’’</span>nti vuttaṃ uttarapadalopena vā. <span class="bld">Nimitta</span>nti etthāpi eseva nayo, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘hatthapādādīsū’’</span>tiādi. Keci pana ‘‘aṅganti aṅgavikāraṃ paresaṃ aṅgavikāradassanenāpi lābhālābhādivijānana’’nti vadanti. <span class="bld">Nimittasattha</span>nti nimittena sañjānanappakāradīpakaṃ satthaṃ, taṃ vatthunā vibhāvetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘paṇḍurājā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Paṇḍurājā</span>ti ca ‘‘dakkhiṇārāmādhipati’’ icceva vuttaṃ. Sīhaḷadīpe dakkhiṇārāmanāmakassa saṅghārāmassa kārakoti vadanti. ‘‘Dakkhiṇamadhurādhipatī’’ti ca katthaci likhitaṃ, dakkhiṇamadhuranagarassa adhipatīti attho. <span class="bld">Muttāyo</span>ti muttikā. <span class="bld">Muṭṭhiyā</span>ti hatthamuddāya. <span class="bld">Gharagolikāyā</span>ti sarabunā. So <span class="bld">‘‘muttā’’</span>ti saññānimittenāha, saṅkhyānimittena pana <span class="bld">‘‘tisso’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Mahantāna’’</span>nti etena appakaṃ nimittameva, mahantaṃ pana uppādoti nimittuppādānaṃ visesaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Uppatita</span>nti uppatanaṃ. Subhāsubhaphalaṃ pakāsento uppajjati gacchatīti <span class="bld">uppādo, uppātopi,</span> subhāsubhasūcikā bhūtavikati. So hi dhūmo viya aggissa kammaphalassa pakāsanamattameva karoti, na tu tamuppādetīti. <span class="bld">Ida</span>nti idaṃ nāma phalaṃ. <span class="bld">Eva</span>nti iminā nāma ākārena. <span class="bld">Ādisantī</span>ti niddisanti. <span class="bld">Pubbaṇhasamaye</span>ti kālavasena. <span class="bld">Idaṃ nāmā</span>ti vatthuvasena vadati. Yo vasabhaṃ, kuñjaraṃ, pāsādaṃ, pabbataṃ vā āruḷhamattānaṃ supine passati, tassa ‘‘idaṃ nāma phala’’ntiādinā hi vatthukittanaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Supinaka</span>nti supinasatthaṃ. Aṅgasampattivipattidassanamattena pubbe ‘‘aṅga’’nti vuttaṃ, idha pana mahānubhāvatādinipphādakalakkhaṇavisesadassanena ‘‘lakkhaṇa’’nti ayametesaṃ viseso, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘iminā</span> <a name="V1.0326"></a> <span class="bld">lakkhaṇenā’’</span>tiādi. Lakkhaṇanti hi aṅgapaccaṅgesu dissamānākāravisesaṃ sattisirivacchagadāpāsādādikamadhippetaṃ taṃ taṃ phalaṃ lakkhīyati anenāti katvā, satthaṃ pana tappakāsanato <span class="bld">lakkhaṇaṃ. Āhate</span>ti purāṇe. <span class="bld">Anāhate</span>ti nave. <span class="bld">Ahate</span>ti pana pāṭhe vuttavipariyāyena attho. <span class="bld">Ito paṭṭhāyā</span>ti devarakkhasamanussādibhedena yathāphalaṃ parikappitena vividhavatthabhāge ito vā etto vā sañchinne idaṃ nāma bhogādiphalaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Evarūpena dārunā</span>ti palāsasiriphalādidārunā, tathā dabbiyā. Yadi dabbihomādīnipi aggihomāneva<a name="M1.0371"></a>, atha kasmā visuṃ vuttānīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘evarūpāyā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Dabbihomā</span>dīni homopakaraṇādivisesehi phalavisesadassanavasena vuttāni, <span class="bld">aggihomaṃ</span> pana vuttāvasesasādhanavasena vuttanti adhippāyo. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘dabbihomādīnī’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kuṇḍako</span>ti taṇḍulakhaṇḍaṃ, tilassa idanti <span class="bld">telaṃ,</span> samāsataddhitapadāni pasiddhesu sāmaññabhūtānīti visesakaraṇatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tilatelādika’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Pakkhipana</span>nti pakkhipanatthaṃ. ‘‘Pakkhipanavijja’’ntipi pāṭho, pakkhipanahetubhūtaṃ vijjanti attho. <span class="bld">Dakkhiṇakkhakajaṇṇulohitādīhī</span>ti dakkhiṇakkhakalohitadakkhiṇajaṇṇulohitādīhi. <span class="bld">‘‘Pubbe’’</span>tiādinā aṅgaaṅgavijjānaṃ visesadassanena punaruttabhāvamapaneti. <span class="bld">Aṅgulaṭṭhiṃ disvā</span>ti aṅgulibhūtaṃ, aṅguliyā vā jātaṃ aṭṭhiṃ passitvā, aṅgulicchavimattaṃ apassitvā tadaṭṭhivipassanavaseneva byākarontīti vuttaṃ hoti. ‘‘Aṅgalaṭṭhinti sarīra’’nti (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.21) pana <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> vuttaṃ, evaṃ sati aṅgapaccaṅgānaṃ viruhanabhāvena laṭṭhisadisattā sarīrameva aṅgalaṭṭhīti viññāyati. <span class="bld">Kulaputto</span>ti jātikulaputto, ācārakulaputto ca. <span class="bld">Disvāpī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">api</span>-saddo adisvāpīti sampiṇḍanattho. Abbhino satthaṃ <span class="bld">abbheyyaṃ</span>. Māsurakkhena kato gantho <span class="bld">māsurakkho</span>. Rājūhi paribhūttaṃ satthaṃ <span class="bld">rājasatthaṃ.</span> Sabbānipetāni khattavijjāpakaraṇāni. <span class="bld">Siva</span>-saddo santiatthoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘santikaraṇavijjā’’</span>ti, upasaggūpasamanavijjāti attho. Sivā-saddameva rassaṃ katvā evamahāti sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘siṅgālarutavijjā’’</span>ti vadanti, siṅgālānaṃ rute subhāsubhasañjānanavijjāti attho. <span class="bld">‘‘Bhūtavejjamanto</span>ti bhūtavasīkaraṇamanto. <span class="bld">Bhūrighare</span>ti antopathaviyaṃ kataghare, mattikāmayaghare vā. ‘‘Bhūrivijjā sassabuddhikaraṇavijjā’’ti <span class="bld">sārasamāse. Sappāvhāyanavijjā</span>ti sappāgamanavijjā. <span class="bld">Visavantameva vā</span>ti visavamānameva vā. Bhāvaniddesassa hi māna-saddassa antabyappadeso. Yāya karonti, sā visavijjāti yojanā. ‘‘Visatantrameva vā’’tipi pāṭho. Evaṃ sati sarūpadassanaṃ hoti, visavicāraṇaganthoyevāti attho. Tantranti hi ganthassa parasamaññā. <span class="bld">Sapakkhakaapakkhakadvipadacatuppadāna</span>nti piṅgalamakkhikādisapakkhakagharagolikādiapakkhakadevamanussacaṅgorādidvipada- kaṇṭasasajambukādicatuppadānaṃ<a name="V1.0327"></a>. <span class="bld">Rutaṃ</span> vassitaṃ. <span class="bld">Gataṃ</span> gamanaṃ, etena <span class="bld">‘‘sakuṇavijjā’’</span>ti idha migasaddassa <a name="M1.0372"></a> lopaṃ, nidassanamattaṃ vā dasseti. <span class="bld">Sakuṇañāṇa</span>nti sakuṇavasena subhāsubhaphalassa jānanaṃ. Nanu sakuṇavijjāya eva vāyasavijjāpaviṭṭhāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘taṃ visuññeva sattha’’</span>nti. Taṃtaṃpakāsakasatthānurūpavasena hi idha tassa tassa vacananti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paripakkagatabhāvo attabhāvassa, jīvitakālassa ca vasena gahetabboti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘idānī’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Ādiṭṭhañāna</span>nti ādisitabbassa ñāṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Sararakkhaṇa</span>nti sarato attānaṃ, attato vā sarassa rakkhaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Sabbasaṅgāhika’’</span>nti iminā miga-saddassa sabbasakuṇacatuppadesu pavattiṃ dasseti, ekasesaniddeso vā esa catuppadesveva miga-saddassa niruḷhattā. Sabbesampi sakuṇacatuppadānaṃ rutajānanasatthassa migacakkasamaññā, yathā taṃ subhāsubhajānanappakāre sabbato bhadraṃ cakkādisamaññāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sabba…pe… vutta’’</span>nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para22"></a><span class="paranum">22</span>. <span class="bld">‘‘Sāmino’’</span>tiādi pasaṭṭhāpasaṭṭhakāraṇavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Lakkhaṇa</span>nti tesaṃ lakkhaṇappakāsakasatthaṃ. Pārisesanayena avasesaṃ <span class="bld">āvudhaṃ. ‘‘Yamhi kule’’</span>tiādinā imasmiṃ ṭhāne tathājānanahetu eva sesaṃ lakkhaṇanti dasseti. <span class="bld">Ayaṃ viseso</span>ti ‘‘lakkhaṇa’’nti heṭṭhā vuttā lakkhaṇato viseso. Tadatthāvikaraṇatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘idañcettha vatthū’’</span>ti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">aggiṃ dhamamāna</span>nti aggiṃ mukhavātena jālentaṃ. <span class="bld">Makkhesī</span>ti vināseti. <span class="bld">Piḷandhanakaṇṇikāyā</span>ti kaṇṇālaṅkārassa. <span class="bld">Gehakaṇṇikāyā</span>ti gehakūṭassa, etena ekasesanayaṃ, sāmaññaniddesaṃ vā upetaṃ. <span class="bld">Kacchapalakkhaṇa</span>nti kummalakkhaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Sabbacatuppadāna</span>nti miga-saddassa catuppadavācakattamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para23"></a><span class="paranum">23</span>. <span class="bld">Asukadivase</span>ti dutiyātatiyāditithivasena vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Asukanakkhattenā</span>ti assayujabharaṇīkattikārohaṇīādinakkhattayogavasena. <span class="bld">Vippavutthāna</span>nti vippavasitānaṃ sadesato nikkhantānaṃ. Upasaṅkamanaṃ <span class="bld">upayānaṃ. Apayānaṃ</span> paṭikkamanaṃ. <span class="bld">Dutiyapadepī</span>ti ‘‘bāhirānaṃ raññaṃ…pe… bhavissatī’’ti vutte dutiyavākyepi. ‘‘Abbhantarānaṃ raññaṃ jayo’’tiādīhi dvīhi vākyehi vuttā <span class="bld">jayaparājayā pākaṭāyeva.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para24"></a><span class="paranum">24</span>. <span class="bld">Rāhū</span>ti rāhu nāma asurissaro asurarājā. Tathā hi <span class="bld">mahāsamayasutte</span> asuranikāye vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Satañca <a name="V1.0328"></a><a name="M1.0373"></a> baliputtānaṃ, sabbe verocanāmakā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sannayhitvā balisenaṃ, rāhubhaddamupāgamu’’nti. (dī. ni. 2.339);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassa candimasūriyānaṃ gahaṇaṃ saṃyuttanikāye <span class="bld">candimasuttasūriyasuttehi</span> dīpetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Iti</span>-saddo cettha ādiattho ‘‘candaggāhādayo’’ti vuttattā, tena sūriyaggāhanakkhattaggāhā saṅgayhanti. Tasmā candimasūriyānamiva nakkhattānampi rāhunā gahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tato eva hi <span class="bld">‘‘api cā’’</span>tiādinā nakkhattagāhe dutiyanayo vutto. <span class="bld">Aṅgārakādigāhasamāyogopī</span>ti aggahitaggahaṇena aṅgārakasasiputtasūragarusukkaravisutaketusaṅkhātānaṃ gāhānaṃ samāyogo api nakkhattagāhoyeva saha payogena gahaṇato. Sahapayogopi hi vedasamayena gahaṇanti vuccati. <span class="bld">Ukkānaṃ patana</span>nti ukkobhāsānaṃ patanaṃ. Vātasaṅghātesu hi vegena aññamaññaṃ saṅghaṭṭentesu dīpikobhāso viya obhāso uppajjitvā ākāsato patati, tatrāyaṃ ukkāpātavohāro. <span class="bld">Jotisatthe</span>pi vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Mahāsikhā ca sukkhaggā-rattānilasikhojjalā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Porisī ca pamāṇena, ukkā nānāvidhā matā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Disākālusiya</span>nti disāsu khobhanaṃ, <span class="bld">taṃ</span> sarūpato dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘aggisikhadhūmasikhādīhi ākulabhāvo viyā’’</span>ti iminā, aggisikhadhūmasikhādīnaṃ bahudhā pātubhāvo eva <span class="bld">disādāho</span> nāmāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tadeva ‘‘dhūmaketū’’ti lokiyā vadanti. Vuttañca <span class="bld">jotisatthe</span> –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ketu viya sikhāvatī, joti uppātarūpinī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sukkhavalāhakagajjana</span>nti vuṭṭhimantarena vāyuvegacalitassa valāhakassa nadanaṃ. Yaṃ lokiyā ‘‘nighāto’’ti vadanti. Vuttañca <span class="bld">jotisatthe</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yadāntalikkhe balavā, māruto mārutāhato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Patatyadho sa nīghāto, jāyate vāyusambhavo’’ti.</p>
<p class="unindented"><span class="bld">Udayana</span>nti lagganamāyūhanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Yadodeti tadā laganaṃ, rāsīnamanvayaṃ kamā’’ti –</p>
<p class="unindented">Hi <a name="V1.0329"></a><a name="M1.0374"></a> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Atthaṅgamana</span>mpi tato sattamarāsippamāṇavasena veditabbaṃ. Abbhā dhūmo rajo rāhūti imehi catūhi kāraṇehi <span class="bld">avisuddhatā.</span> Tabbinimuttatā <span class="bld">vodānaṃ.</span> Vuttañca ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave, candimasūriyānaṃ upakkilesā, yehi upakkilesehi upakkiliṭṭhā candimasūriyā na tapanti na bhāsanti na virocanti. Katame cattāro? Abbhā bhikkhave, candimasūriyānaṃ upakkilesā, yena…pe… dhūmo…pe… rajo…pe… rāhu bhikkhave…pe… ime kho…pe… na virocantī’’ti (a. ni. 4.50).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para25"></a><span class="paranum">25</span>. <span class="bld">Devassā</span>ti meghassa. <span class="bld">Dhārānuppavecchanaṃ</span> vassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Avaggāho</span>ti dhārāya avaggahaṇaṃ duggahaṇaṃ, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘vassavibandho’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Hatthamuddā</span>ti hatthena adhippetaviññāpanaṃ, taṃ pana aṅgulisaṅkocanena gaṇanāyevāti <span class="bld">ācariyadhammapālattherena</span> (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.21) vuttaṃ. Ācariyasāriputtattherena pana ‘‘hatthamuddā nāma aṅgulipabbesu saññaṃ ṭhapetvā gaṇanā’’ti dassitā. <span class="bld">Gaṇanā vuccati acchiddakagaṇanā</span> parisesañāyena, sā pana pādasikamilakkhakādayo viya ‘‘ekaṃ dve’’tiādinā navantavidhinā nirantaragaṇanāti veditabbā. Samūhanaṃ <span class="bld">saṅkalanaṃ</span> visuṃ uppādanaṃ apanayanaṃ <span class="bld">paṭuppādanaṃ</span> [saṭuppādanaṃ (aṭṭhakathāyaṃ)] ‘‘saduppādana’’ntipi paṭhanti, sammā uppādananti attho. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena vokalanabhāgahārādike saṅgaṇhāti. Tattha <span class="bld">vokalanaṃ</span> visuṃ samūhakaraṇaṃ, vomissananti attho. Bhāgakaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">bhāgo.</span> Bhuñjanaṃ vibhajanaṃ <span class="bld">hāro. Sā</span>ti yathāvuttā piṇḍagaṇanā <span class="bld">disvāti</span> ettha diṭṭhamattena gaṇetvāti attho gahetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paṭibhānakavī</span>ti ettha aṅguttarāgame (a. ni. 4.231) vuttānanti seso, kavīnaṃ kabyakaraṇanti sambandho, etena kavīhi kataṃ, kavīnaṃ vā idaṃ <span class="bld">kāveyya</span>nti atthaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">‘‘Attano cintāvasenā’’</span>tiādi tesaṃ sabhāvadassanaṃ. Tathā hi vatthuṃ, anusandhiñca sayameva cirena cintetvā karaṇavasena <span class="bld">cintākavi</span> veditabbo. Kiñci sutvā sutena asutaṃ anusandhetvā karaṇavasena <span class="bld">sutakavi,</span> kiñci atthaṃ upadhāretvā tassa saṅkhipanavitthāraṇādivasena <span class="bld">atthakavi,</span> yaṃ kiñci parena kataṃ kabbaṃ vā nāṭakaṃ vā disvā taṃsadisameva aññaṃ attano ṭhānuppattikapaṭibhānena karaṇavasena <span class="bld">paṭibhānakavī</span>ti. Nti tamatthaṃ. <span class="bld">Tappaṭibhāga</span>nti <a name="M1.0375"></a> tena diṭṭhena sadisaṃ. ‘‘Kattabba’’nti ettha visesanaṃ, ‘‘karissāmī’’ti ettha vā bhāvanapuṃsakaṃ. <span class="bld">Ṭhānuppattikapaṭibhānavasenā</span>ti kāraṇānurūpaṃ pavattanakañāṇavasena. <span class="bld">Jīvikatthāyā</span>ti pakaraṇādhigatavaseneva vuttaṃ. Kavīnaṃ idanti <span class="bld">kabyaṃ,</span> yaṃ ‘‘gīta’’nti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para26"></a><span class="paranum">26</span>. Pariggahabhāvena dārikāya gaṇhanaṃ <span class="bld">āvāhanaṃ. </span> Tathā dānaṃ <span class="bld">vivāhanaṃ.</span> Idha pana tathākaraṇassa <a name="V1.0330"></a> uttarapadalopena niddeso, hetugabbhavasena vā, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘imassa dārakassā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Itī</span>ti evaṃhontesu, evaṃbhāvato vā. <span class="bld">Uṭṭhāna</span>nti khettādito uppannamāyaṃ. <span class="bld">Iṇa</span>nti dhanavaḍḍhanatthaṃ parassa dinnaṃ pariyudañcanaṃ. Pubbe paricchinnakāle asampattepi uddharitamiṇaṃ <span class="bld">uṭṭhānaṃ,</span> yathāparicchinnakāle pana sampatte <span class="bld">iṇa</span>nti keci, tadayuttameva iṇagahaṇeneva sijjhanato. Paresaṃ dinnaṃ iṇaṃ vā dhananti sambandho. <span class="bld">Thāvara</span>nti ciraṭṭhitikaṃ. Desantare diguṇatiguṇādigahaṇavasena bhaṇḍappayojanaṃ <span class="bld">payogo.</span> Tattha vā aññattha vā yathākālaparicchedaṃ vaḍḍhigahaṇavasena payojanaṃ <span class="bld">uddhāro.</span> ‘‘Bhaṇḍamūlarahitānaṃ vāṇijaṃ katvā ettakena udayena saha mūlaṃ dethā’ti dhanadānaṃ <span class="bld">payogo,</span> tāvakālikadānaṃ <span class="bld">uddhāro’’</span>tipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Ajja payojitaṃ diguṇaṃ catuguṇaṃ hotī</span>ti yadi ajja payojitaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ, evaṃ aparajja diguṇaṃ, ajja catuguṇaṃ hotīti attho. Subhassa, subhena vā gamanaṃ pavattanaṃ <span class="bld">subhago,</span> tassa karaṇaṃ <span class="bld">subhagakaraṇaṃ,</span> taṃ pana piyamanāpassa, sassirīkassa vā karaṇamevāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘piyamanāpakaraṇa’’</span>ntiādi. <span class="bld">Sassirīkakaraṇa</span>nti sarīrasobhaggakaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Vilīnassā</span>ti patiṭṭhahitvāpi paripakkamapāpuṇitvā vilopassa. Tathā paripakkabhāvena <span class="bld">aṭṭhitassa. </span> Pariyāyavacanametaṃ padacatukkaṃ. <span class="bld">Bhesajjadāna</span>nti gabbhasaṇṭhāpanabhesajjassa dānaṃ. <span class="bld">Tīhi kāraṇehī</span>ti ettha vātena, pāṇakehi vā gabbhe vinassante na purimakammunā okāso kato, tappaccayā eva kammaṃ vipaccati, sayameva pana kammunā okāse kate na ekantena vātā, pāṇakā vā apekkhitabbāti kammassa visuṃ kāraṇabhāvo vuttoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Vinayaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> (vi. aṭṭha. 2.185) pana vātena pāṇakehi vā gabbho vinassanto kammaṃ vinā na vinassatīti adhippāyena tamaññātra dvīhi kāraṇehīti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Nibbāpanīya</span>nti upasamakaraṃ. <span class="bld">Paṭikamma</span>nti yathā te na khādanti, tathā paṭikaraṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bandhakaraṇa</span>nti <a name="M1.0376"></a> yathā jiṃ cāletuṃ na sakkoti, evaṃ anāloḷitakaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Parivattanattha</span>nti āvudhādinā saha ukkhittahatthānaṃ aññattha parivattanatthaṃ, attanā gopitaṭṭhāne akhipetvā parattha khipanatthanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Khipatī</span>ti ca aññattha khipatīti attho. <span class="bld">Vinicchayaṭṭhāne</span>ti aḍḍavinicchayaṭṭhāne. Icchitatthassa devatāya kaṇṇe kathanavasena jappanaṃ <span class="bld">kaṇṇajappana</span>nti ca vadanti. <span class="bld">Devataṃ otāretvā</span>ti ettha mantajappanena devatāya otāraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Jīvikatthāyā</span>ti yathā pāricariyaṃ katvā jīvitavutti hoti, tathā jīvitavuttikaraṇatthāya. <span class="bld">Ādiccapāricariyā</span>ti karamālāhi pūjaṃ katvā sakaladivasaṃ ādiccābhimukhāvaṭṭhānena ādiccassa paricaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Tathevā’’</span>ti iminā ‘‘jīvikatthāyā’’ti padamākaḍḍhati. <span class="bld">Sirivhāyana</span>nti ī-kārato a-kāralopena sandhiniddeso, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘siriyā avhāyana’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">‘‘Sirenā’’</span>ti pana ṭhānavasena avhāyanākāraṃ <a name="V1.0331"></a> dasseti. Ye tu a-kārato <span class="bld">a</span>-kārassa lopaṃ katvā ‘‘siravhāyana’’nti paṭhanti, tesaṃ pāṭhe ayamattho ‘‘mantaṃ jappetvā sirasā icchitassa atthassa avhāyana’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para27"></a><span class="paranum">27</span>. <span class="bld">Devaṭṭhāna</span>nti devāyatanaṃ. <span class="bld">Upahāra</span>nti pūjaṃ. <span class="bld">Samiddhikāle</span>ti āyācitassa atthassa siddhakāle. <span class="bld">Santipaṭissavakamma</span>nti devatāyācanāya yā santi paṭikattabbā, tassā paṭissavakaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Santī</span>ti cettha mantajappanena pūjākaraṇaṃ, tāya santiyā āyācanappayogoti attho. <span class="bld">Tasmi</span>nti yaṃ ‘‘sace me idaṃ nāma samijjhissatī’’ti vuttaṃ, tasmiṃ paṭissavaphalabhūte yathābhipatthitakammasmiṃ. <span class="bld">Tassā</span>ti yo ‘‘paṇidhī’’ti ca vutto, tassa paṭissavassa. Yathāpaṭissavañhi upahāre kate paṇidhiāyācanā katā niyyātitā hotīti. <span class="bld">Gahitamantassā</span>ti uggahitamantassa. <span class="bld">Payogakaraṇa</span>nti upacārakammakaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Itī</span>ti kāraṇatthe nipāto, tena vassavossa-saddānaṃ purisapaṇḍakesu pavattiṃ kāraṇabhāvena dasseti, paṇḍakato visesena asati bhavatīti <span class="bld">vasso.</span> Purisaliṅgato virahena avaasati hīḷito hutvā bhavatīti <span class="bld">vosso.</span> Viseso rāgassavo yassāti <span class="bld">vasso.</span> Vigato rāgassavo yassāti <span class="bld">vosso</span>ti niruttinayena padasiddhītipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Vassakaraṇaṃ</span> tadanurūpabhesajjena. <span class="bld">Vossakaraṇaṃ</span> pana uddhatabījatādināpi, teneva <span class="bld">jātakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> ‘‘vossavarāti uddhatabījā orodhapālakā’’ti vuttaṃ<a name="M1.0377"></a>. <span class="bld">Acchandikabhāvamatta</span>nti itthiyā akāmabhāvamattaṃ. <span class="bld">Liṅga</span>nti purisanimittaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vatthubalikammakaraṇa</span>nti gharavatthusmiṃ balikammassa karaṇaṃ, taṃ pana upaddavapaṭibāhanatthaṃ, vaḍḍhanatthañca karonti, mantajappanena attano, aññesañca <span class="bld">mukhasuddhikaraṇaṃ.</span> <span class="bld">Tesa</span>nti aññesaṃ. <span class="bld">Yoga</span>nti bhesajjapayogaṃ. <span class="bld">Vamana</span>nti pacchindanaṃ. <span class="bld">Uddhaṃvirecana</span>nti vamanabhedameva ‘‘uddhaṃ dosānaṃ nīharaṇa’’nti vuttattā. <span class="bld">Virecana</span>nti pakativirecanameva. <span class="bld">Adhovirecana</span>nti suddhavatthikasāvavatthiādivatthikiriyā ‘‘adho dosānaṃ nīharaṇa’’nti vuttattā. Atho vamanaṃ uggiraṇameva, uddhaṃvirecanaṃ dosanīharaṇaṃ. Tathā virecanaṃ virekova, adhovirecanaṃ dosanīharaṇanti ayametesaṃ viseso pākaṭo hoti. <span class="bld">Dosāna</span>nti ca pittādidosānanti attho. Semhanīharaṇādi <span class="bld">sirovirecanaṃ.</span> <span class="bld">Kaṇṇabandhanattha</span>nti chinnakaṇṇānaṃ saṅghaṭanatthaṃ. <span class="bld">Vaṇaharaṇattha</span>nti arupanayanatthaṃ. <span class="bld">Akkhitappanatela</span>nti akkhīsu usumassa nīharaṇatelaṃ. Yena akkhimhi añjite uṇhaṃ usumaṃ nikkhamati. Yaṃ nāsikāya gaṇhīyati, taṃ <span class="bld">natthu.</span> <span class="bld">Paṭalānī</span>ti akkhipaṭalāni. <span class="bld">Nīharaṇasamattha</span>nti apanayanasamatthaṃ. <span class="bld">Khārañjana</span>nti khārakamañjanaṃ. Sītameva saccaṃ niruttinayena, tassa kāraṇaṃ añjanaṃ <span class="bld">saccañjana</span>nti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sītalabhesajjañjana’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Salākavejjakamma</span>nti akkhirogavejjakammaṃ. Salākasadisattā salākasaṅkhātassa akkhirogassa vejjakammanti <a name="V1.0332"></a> hi <span class="bld">sālākiyaṃ.</span> Idaṃ pana vuttāvasesassa akkhirogapaṭikammassa saṅgahaṇatthaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘tappanādayopi hi sālākiyānevā’’ti. Paṭividdhassa salākassa nikkhamanatthaṃ vejjakammaṃ salākavejjakammanti keci, taṃ pana sallakattiyapadeneva saṅgahitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sallassa paṭividdhassa kattanaṃ ubbāhanaṃ <span class="bld">sallakattaṃ,</span> tadatthāya vejjakammaṃ <span class="bld">sallakattavejjakammaṃ.</span> Kumāraṃ bharatīti <span class="bld">kumārabhato,</span> tassa bhāvo <span class="bld">komārabhaccaṃ,</span> kumāro eva vā <span class="bld">komāro,</span> bhatanaṃ <span class="bld">bhaccaṃ,</span> tassa bhaccaṃ tathā, tadabhinipphādakaṃ vejjakammanti attho. Mūlāni padhānāni rogūpasamane samatthāni bhesajjāni <span class="bld">mūlabhesajjāni,</span> mūlānaṃ vā byādhīnaṃ bhesajjāni tathā. Mūlānubandhavasena hi duvidho byādhi. Tatra mūlabyādhimhi tikicchite yebhuyyena itaraṃ vūpasamati, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘kāyatikicchataṃ</span> <span class="bld">dassetī’’</span>tiādi<a name="M1.0378"></a>. Tattha <span class="bld">kāyatikicchata</span>nti mūlabhāvato sarīrabhūtehi bhesajjehi, sarīrabhūtānaṃ vā rogānaṃ tikicchakabhāvaṃ. <span class="bld">Khārādīnī</span>ti khārodakādīni. <span class="bld">Tadanurūpe vaṇe</span>ti vūpasamitassa mūlabyādhino anucchavike arumhi. <span class="bld">Tesa</span>nti mūlabhesajjānaṃ. <span class="bld">Apanayanaṃ</span> apaharaṇaṃ, tehi atikicchananti vuttaṃ hoti. Idañca komārabhaccasallakattasālākiyādivisesabhūtānaṃ tantīnaṃ pubbe vuttattā pārisesavasena vuttaṃ, tasmā tadavasesāya tantiyā idha saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo, sabbāni cetāni ājīvahetukāniyeva idhādhippetāni ‘‘micchājīvena jīvikaṃ kappentī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.21) vuttattā. Yaṃ pana tattha tattha pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘iti vā’’ti vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">itī</span>-ti pakāratthe nipāto, <span class="bld">vā</span>-ti vikappanatthe. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – iminā pakārena, ito aññena vāti. Tena yāni ito bāhirakapabbajitā sippāyatanavijjāṭṭhānādīni jīvikopāyabhūtāni ājīvikapakatā upajīvanti, tesaṃ pariggaho katoti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="centered">Mahāsīlavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pubbantakappikasassatavādavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para28"></a><span class="paranum">28</span>. Idāni suññatāpakāsanavārassatthaṃ vaṇṇento anusandhiṃ pakāsetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘eva’’</span>ntiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">vuttavaṇṇassā</span>ti sahatthe chaṭṭhivacanaṃ, sāmiatthe vā anusandhi-saddassa bhāvakammavasena kiriyādesanāsu pavattanato. <span class="bld">Bhikkhusaṅghena vuttavaṇṇassā</span>ti ‘‘yāvañcidaṃ tena bhagavatā’’tiādinā <a name="V1.0333"></a> vuttavaṇṇassa. Tatra pāḷiyaṃ ayaṃ sambandho – na bhikkhave, ettakā eva buddhaguṇā ye tumhākaṃ pākaṭā, apākaṭā pana ‘‘atthi bhikkhave, aññe dhammā’’ti vitthāro. ‘‘Ime diṭṭhiṭṭhānā evaṃ gahitā’’tiādinā sassatādidiṭṭhiṭṭhānānaṃ yathāgahitākārassa suññabhāvappakāsanato, ‘‘tañca pajānanaṃ na parāmasatī’’ti sīlādīnañca aparāmasanīyabhāvadīpanena niccasārādivirahappakāsanato, yāsu vedanāsu avītarāgatāya bāhirānaṃ etāni diṭṭhivibandhakāni sambhavanti, tāsaṃ paccayabhūtānañca sammohādīnaṃ vedakakārakasabhāvābhāvadassanamukhena sabbadhammānaṃ attattaniyatāvirahadīpanato, anupādāparinibbānadīpanato ca ayaṃ desanā <a name="M1.0379"></a> suññatāvibhāvanappadhānāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘suññatāpakāsanaṃ ārabhī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pariyattī</span>ti vinayādibhedabhinnā manasā vavatthāpitā tanti. <span class="bld">Desanā</span>ti tassā tantiyā manasā vavatthāpitāya vibhāvanā, yathādhammaṃ dhammābhilāpabhūtā vā paññāpanā, anulomādivasena vā kathananti pariyattidesanānaṃ viseso pubbeyeva vavatthāpitoti imamatthaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘desanāya, pariyattiya’’</span>nti ca vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Evamādīsū</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena saccasabhāvasamādhipaññāpakatipuññāpattiñeyyādayo saṅgayhanti. Tathā hi ayaṃ <span class="bld">dhamma</span>-saddo ‘‘catunnaṃ bhikkhave, dhammānaṃ ananubodhā’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 4.1) sacce pavattati, ‘‘kusalā dhammā akusalā dhammā’’tiādīsu (dha. sa. tikamātikā 1) sabhāve, ‘‘evaṃdhammā te bhagavanto ahesu’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.13, 94, 145; 3.142; ma. ni. 3.167; saṃ. ni. 5.378) samādhimhi, ‘‘saccaṃ dhammo dhiti cāgo, sa ve pecca na socati’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.246; su. ni. 190) paññāyaṃ, ‘‘jātidhammānaṃ bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjatī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.131; 3.373; paṭi. ma. 1.33) pakatiyaṃ, ‘‘dhammo suciṇṇo sukhamāvahātī’’tiādīsu (su. ni. 184; theragā. 303; jā. 1.10.102; 15.385) puññe, ‘‘cattāro pārājikā dhammā’’tiādīsu (pārā. 233) āpattiyaṃ, ‘‘sabbe dhammā sabbākārena buddhassa bhagavato ñāṇamukhe āpāthamāgacchantī’’tiādīsu (mahāni. 156; cūḷani. 85; paṭi. ma. 3.5) ñeyye pavattati. <span class="bld">Dhammā hontī</span>ti sattajīvato suññā dhammamattā hontīti attho. Kimatthiyaṃ guṇe pavattananti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tasmā’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Makasatuṇḍasūciyā</span>ti sūcimukhamakkhikāya tuṇḍasaṅkhātāya sūciyā. Alabbhaneyyapatiṭṭho viyāti sambandho. <span class="bld">Aññatra tathāgatā</span>ti ṭhapetvā tathāgataṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Duddasā’’</span>ti padeneva tesaṃ dhammānaṃ dukkhogāhatā <a name="V1.0334"></a> pakāsitāti <span class="bld">‘‘alabbhaneyyapatiṭṭhā’’</span> icceva vuttaṃ. Labhitabbāti <span class="bld">labbhanīyā,</span> sā eva <span class="bld">labbhaneyyā,</span> labhīyate vā <span class="bld">labbhanaṃ,</span> tamarahatīti <span class="bld">labbhaneyyā,</span> na labbhaneyyā <span class="bld">alabbhaneyyā,</span> patiṭṭhahanti etthāti <span class="bld">patiṭṭhā,</span> patiṭṭhahanaṃ vā <span class="bld">patiṭṭhā,</span> alabbhaneyyā patiṭṭhā etthāti <span class="bld">alabbhaneyyapatiṭṭhā</span>. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – sace koci attano pamāṇaṃ ajānanto ñāṇena <a name="M1.0380"></a> te dhamme ogāhituṃ ussāhaṃ kareyya, tassa taṃ ñāṇaṃ appatiṭṭhameva makasatuṇḍasūci viya mahāsamuddeti. Ogāhitumasakkuṇeyyatāya ‘‘ettakā ete īdisā vā’’ti te passituṃ na sakkāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘gambhīrattā eva duddasā’’</span>ti. Ye pana daṭṭhumeva na sakkā, tesaṃ ogāhitvā anu anu bujjhane kathā eva natthīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘duddasattā eva duranubodhā</span>ti. Sabbakilesapariḷāhapaṭippassaddhisaṅkhātaaggaphalamatthake samuppannatā, purecarānucaravasena nibbutasabbakilesapariḷāhasamāpattisamokiṇṇattā ca <span class="bld">nibbutasabbapariḷāhā.</span> Tabbhāvato <span class="bld">santā</span>ti attho. <span class="bld">Santārammaṇāni</span> maggaphalanibbānāni anupasantasabhāvānaṃ kilesānaṃ, saṅkhārānañca abhāvato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā kasiṇugghāṭimākāsatabbisayaviññāṇānaṃ anantabhāvo viya susamūhatavikkhepatāya niccasamāhitassa manasikārassa vasena tadārammaṇadhammānaṃ santabhāvo veditabbo. Avirajjhitvā nimittapaṭivedho viya issāsānaṃ avirajjhitvā dhammānaṃ yathābhūtasabhāvāvabodho sāduraso mahārasova hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘atittikaraṇaṭṭhenā’’</span>ti, atappanakaraṇasabhāvenāti attho. Sohiccaṃ titti tappananti hi pariyāyo. <span class="bld">Atittikaraṇaṭṭhenā</span>ti patthetvā sādurasakaraṇaṭṭhenātipi atthaṃ vadanti. Paṭivedhappattānaṃ tesu ca buddhānameva sabbākārena visayabhāvūpagamanato na takkabuddhiyā gocarāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘uttamañāṇavisayattā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Nipuṇā</span>ti ñeyyesu tikkhappavattiyā chekā. Yasmā pana so chekabhāvo ārammaṇe appaṭihatavuttitāya, sukhumañeyyaggahaṇasamatthatāya ca supākaṭo hoti, tasmā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘saṇhasukhumasabhāvattā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Paṇḍitehiyevā</span>ti avadhāraṇaṃ samatthetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘bālānaṃ avisayattā’’</span>ti āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ aṭṭhakathānayato aparo nayo – vinayapaṇṇattiādigambhīraneyyavibhāvanato <span class="bld">gambhīrā.</span> Kadāciyeva asaṅkhyeyye mahākappe atikkamitvāpi dullabhadassanatāya <span class="bld">duddasā. </span> Dassanañcettha paññācakkhuvaseneva veditabbaṃ. Dhammanvayasaṅkhātassa anubodhassa kassacideva sambhavato <span class="bld">duranubodhā.</span> Santasabhāvato, veneyyānañca sabbaguṇasampadānaṃ pariyosānattā <span class="bld">santā.</span> Attano paccayehi padhānabhāvaṃ nītatāya <span class="bld">paṇītā.</span> Samadhigatasaccalakkhaṇatāya atakkehi puggalehi, atakkena <a name="M1.0381"></a> vā ñāṇena avacaritabbato <span class="bld">atakkāvacarā.</span> Nipuṇaṃ, nipuṇe vā atthe saccapaccayākārādivasena <a name="V1.0335"></a> vibhāvanato <span class="bld">nipuṇā.</span> Loke aggapaṇḍitena sammāsambuddhena veditabbato pakāsitabbato <span class="bld">paṇḍitavedanīyā.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Anāvaraṇañāṇapaṭilābhato hi bhagavā ‘‘sabbavidūhamasmi, (ma. ni. 1.178; 2.342; dha. pa. 353; mahāva. 11) dasabalasamannāgato bhikkhave, tathāgato’’tiādinā (saṃ. ni. 2.21; 2.22) attano sabbaññutādiguṇe pakāsesi, tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedetī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Sayaṃ</span>-saddena, niddhāritāvadhāraṇena vā nivattetabbamatthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘anaññaneyyo hutvā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, aññehi abodhito hutvāti attho. <span class="bld">Abhiññā</span>ti ya-kāralopo ‘‘aññāṇatā āpajjatī’’tiādīsu (pari. 296) viyāti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘abhivisiṭṭhena ñāṇenā’’</span>ti iminā. Apica <span class="bld">‘‘sayaṃ abhiññā’’</span>ti padassa <span class="bld">anaññaneyyo hutvā</span>ti atthavacanaṃ, <span class="bld">‘‘sacchikatvā’’</span>ti padassa pana <span class="bld">sayameva…pe… katvā</span>ti. Sayaṃ-saddā hi sacchikatvāti etthāpi sambajjhitabbo. <span class="bld">Abhivisiṭṭhena ñāṇenā</span>ti ca tassa hetuvacanaṃ, karaṇavacanaṃ vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha kiñcāpi sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ phalanibbānāni viya sacchikātabbasabhāvaṃ na hoti, āsavakkhayañāṇe pana adhigate adhigatameva hoti, tasmā tassa paccakkhakaraṇaṃ sacchikiriyāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘abhivisiṭṭhena ñāṇena paccakkhaṃ katvā’’</span>ti. Hetuatthe cetaṃ karaṇavacanaṃ, aggamaggañāṇasaṅkhātassa abhivisiṭṭhañāṇassādhigamahetūti attho. Abhivisiṭṭhañāṇanti vā paccavekkhaṇāñāṇe adhippete karaṇatthe karaṇavacanampi yujjateva. Pavedanañcettha aññāvisayānaṃ saccādīnaṃ desanākiccasādhanato, ‘‘ekomhi sammāsambuddho’’tiādinā (mahāva. 11; kathā. 405) paṭijānanato ca veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Guṇadhammehī</span>ti guṇasaṅkhātehi dhammehi. Yathābhūtameva <span class="bld">yathābhuccaṃ</span> sakatthe ṇyapaccayavasena.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vadamānā</span>ti ettha sattiattho mānasaddo yathā ‘‘ekapuggalo bhikkhave, loke uppajjamāno uppajjatī’’ti, (a. ni. 1.170; kathā. 405) tasmā vattuṃ ussāhaṃ karontoti attho. Evaṃbhūtā hi vattukāmā nāma honti, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘tathāgatassā’’</span>tiādi<a name="M1.0382"></a>. Sāvasesaṃ vadantāpi viparītavadantā viya sammā vadantīti na vattabbāti yathā sammā vadanti, tathā dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ahāpetvā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tena hi anavasesavadanameva sammā vadananti dasseti. <span class="bld">‘‘Vattuṃ sakkuṇeyyu’’</span>nti iminā ca ‘‘vadeyyu’’nti etassa samatthanatthabhāvamāha yathā ‘‘so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭa’’nti (saṃ. ni. 1.23; peṭako. 22; mi. pa. 1.1.9) ye evaṃ bhagavatā thomitā, te dhammā katameti yojanā. ‘‘Atthi bhikkhave, aññeva dhammā’’tiādipāḷiyā <a name="V1.0336"></a> ‘‘sabbaññutaññāṇa’’nti vuttavacanassa virodhibhāvaṃ codento <span class="bld">‘‘yadi eva’’</span>ntiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">yadi eva</span>nti evaṃ ‘‘sabbaññutaññāṇa’’nti vuttavacanaṃ yadi siyāti attho. <span class="bld">Bahuvacananiddeso</span>ti ‘‘atthi bhikkhave’’tiādīni sandhāya vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Atthi</span>-saddopi hi idha bahuvacanoyeva ‘‘atthi khīrā, atthi gāvo’’tiādīsu viya nipātabhāvasseva icchitattā. Yadipi tadidaṃ ñāṇaṃ ekameva sabhāvato, tathāpi sampayogato, ārammaṇato ca puthuvacanappayogamarahatīti vissajjeti <span class="bld">‘‘puthucitta…pe… rammaṇato’’</span>ti iminā. <span class="bld">Puthucittasamāyogato</span>ti puthūhi cittehi sampayogato. Puthūni ārammaṇāni etassāti <span class="bld">puthuārammaṇaṃ,</span> tabbhāvato sabbārammaṇattāti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica puthu ārammaṇaṃ ārammaṇametassāti puthuārammaṇārammaṇanti etasmiṃ atthe ‘‘oṭṭhamukho, kāmāvacara’’ntiādīsu viya ekassa ārammaṇasaddassa lopaṃ katvā <span class="bld">‘‘puthuārammaṇato’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, tenassa puthuñāṇakiccasādhakattaṃ dasseti. Tathā hetaṃ ñāṇaṃ tīsu kālesu appaṭihatañāṇaṃ, catuyoniparicchedakañāṇaṃ, pañcagatiparicchedakañāṇaṃ, chasu asādhāraṇañāṇesu sesāsādhāraṇañāṇāni, sattāriyapuggalavibhāvanakañāṇaṃ, aṭṭhasu parisāsu akampanañāṇaṃ, navasattāvāsaparijānanañāṇaṃ, dasabalañāṇanti evamādīnaṃ anekasatasahassabhedānaṃ ñāṇānaṃ yathāsambhavaṃ kiccaṃ sādheti, tesaṃ ārammaṇabhūtānaṃ anekesampi dhammānaṃ tadārammaṇabhāvatoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Tañhī’’</span>tiādi yathākkamaṃ tabbivaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Yathāhā’’</span>tiādinā paṭisambhidāmaggapāḷiṃ sādhakabhāvena dasseti. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti atītadhamme. Ekavāravasena puthuārammaṇabhāvaṃ nivattetvā anekavāravasena kamappavattiyā taṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘punappunaṃ uppattivasenā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Kamenāpi hi sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ visayesu pavattati, na tathā sakiṃyeva<a name="M1.0383"></a>. Yathā bāhirakā vadanti ‘‘sakiṃyeva sabbaññū sabbaṃ jānāti, na kamenā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi evaṃ acinteyyāparimeyyappabhedassa ñeyyassa paricchedavatā ekena ñāṇena niravasesato kathaṃ paṭivedhoti, ko vā evamāha ‘‘paricchedavantaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇa’’nti. Aparicchedañhi taṃ ñāṇaṃ ñeyyamiva. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘yāvatakaṃ ñāṇaṃ, tāvatakaṃ ñeyyaṃ. Yāvatakaṃ ñeyyaṃ, tāvatakaṃ ñāṇa’’nti (mahāni. 69, 156; cūḷani. 85; paṭi. ma. 3.5 adhippāyatthameva gahitaṃ viya dissati) evampi jātibhūmisabhāvādivasena, disādesakālādivasena ca anekabhedabhinne ñeyye kamena gayhamāne anavasesapaṭivedho na sambhavatiyevāti? Nayidamevaṃ. Yañhi kiñci bhagavatā ñātumicchitaṃ sakalamekadeso vā, tattha appaṭihatacāritāya paccakkhato ñāṇaṃ pavattati. Vikkhepābhāvato ca bhagavā sabbakālaṃ samāhitoti <a name="V1.0337"></a> ñātumicchitassa paccakkhabhāvo na sakkā nivāretuṃ. Vuttañhi ‘‘ākaṅkhāpaṭibaddhaṃ buddhassa bhagavato ñāṇa’’ntiādi, (mahāni. 69, 156; cūḷani. 85; paṭi. ma. 3.5) nanu cettha dūrato cittapaṭaṃ passantānaṃ viya, ‘‘sabbe dhammā anattā’’ti vipassantānaṃ viya ca anekadhammāvabodhakāle anirūpitarūpena bhagavato ñāṇaṃ pavattatīti gahetabbanti? Gahetabbaṃ acinteyyānubhāvatāya buddhañāṇassa. Tenevāha ‘‘buddhavisayo acinteyyo’’ti, (a. ni. 4.77) idaṃ panettha sanniṭṭhānaṃ – sabbākārena sabbadhammāvabodhanasamatthassa ākaṅkhāpaṭibaddhavuttino anāvaraṇañāṇassa paṭilābhena bhagavā santānena sabbadhammapaṭivedhasamattho ahosi sabbaneyyāvaraṇassa pahānato, tasmā sabbaññū, na sakiṃyeva sabbadhammāvabodhato yathāsantānena sabbassa indhanassa dahanasamatthatāya pāvako ‘‘sabbabhū’’ti vuccatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kāmañcāyamattho pubbe vitthāritoyeva, pakārantarena pana sotujanānuggahakāmatāya, imissā ca porāṇasaṃvaṇṇanāvisodhanavasena pavattattā puna vibhāvitoti na cettha punaruttidoso pariyesitabbo, evamīdisesu. Ettha ca kiñcāpi bhagavato dasabalādiñāṇānipi anaññasādhāraṇāni, sabbadesavisayattā pana tesaṃ ñāṇānaṃ na tehi buddhaguṇā ahāpetvā gahitā nāma honti. Sabbaññutaññāṇassa pana nippadesavisayattā <a name="M1.0384"></a> tasmiṃ gahite sabbepi buddhaguṇā gahitā eva nāma honti, tasmā pāḷiatthānusārena tadeva ñāṇaṃ gahitanti veditabbaṃ. Pāḷiyampi hi ‘‘yehi tathāgatassa yathābhuccaṃ vaṇṇaṃ sammā vadamānā vadeyyu’’nti tameva pakāsitaṃ tamantarena aññassa nippadesavisayassa abhāvato, nippadesavisayeneva ca yathābhuccaṃ sammā vadanasambhavatoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aññevā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">eva</span>-saddo sanniṭṭhāpanatthoti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘aññevāti idaṃ panettha vavatthāpanavacana’’</span>nti vuttaṃ, <span class="bld">vavatthāpanavacana</span>nti ca sanniṭṭhāpanavacananti attho, <span class="bld">sanniṭṭhāpana</span>ñca avadhāraṇameva. Kathanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘aññevā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">‘‘Na pāṇātipātā veramaṇiādayo’’</span>ti iminā avadhāraṇena nivattitaṃ dasseti. Ayañca <span class="bld">eva</span>-saddo aniyatadesatāya ca-saddo viya yattha vutto, tato aññatthāpi vacanicchāvasena upatiṭṭhatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘gambhīrāvā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Iti</span>-saddena ca ādiatthena duddasāva na sudasā, duranubodhāva na suranubodhā, santāva na darathā, paṇītāva na hīnā, atakkāvacarāva na takkāvacarā, nipuṇāva na lūkhā, paṇḍitavedanīyāva na bālavedanīyāti nivattitaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Sabbapadehī</span>ti yāva ‘‘paṇḍitavedanīyā’’ti idaṃ padaṃ, tāva sabbapadehi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="V1.0338"></a> nivattetabbataṃ yuttiyā daḷhīkaronto <span class="bld">‘‘sāvakapāramiñāṇa’’</span>ntiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">sāvakapāramiñāṇa</span>nti sāvakānaṃ dānādipāramipāripūriyā nipphannaṃ vijjattayachaḷabhiññācatupaṭisambhidābhedaṃ ñāṇaṃ, tathā paccekabuddhānaṃ <span class="bld">paccekabodhiñāṇaṃ. Tato</span>ti sāvakapāramiñāṇato. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti sāvakapāramiñāṇe. <span class="bld">Tatopī</span>ti anantaraniddiṭṭhato paccekabodhiñāṇatopi. <span class="bld">Api</span>-saddena, <span class="bld">pi</span>-saddena vā ko pana vādo sāvakapāramiñāṇatoti sambhāveti. <span class="bld">Tatthāpī</span>ti paccekabodhiñāṇepi. <span class="bld">Ito panā</span>ti sabbaññutaññāṇato pana, tasmā ettha sabbaññutaññāṇe vavatthānaṃ labbhatīti adhippāyo. Gambhīresu visesā, gambhīrānaṃ vā visesena <span class="bld">gambhīrā.</span> Ayañca gambhīro ayañca gambhīro ime imesaṃ visesena gambhīrāti vā <span class="bld">gambhīratarā.</span> Tarasaddenevettha byavacchedanaṃ siddhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāyaṃ yojanā – kiñcāpi sāvakapāramiñāṇaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ sekkhañāṇaṃ puthujjanañāṇañca upādāya gambhīraṃ, paccekabodhiñāṇaṃ pana upādāya na tathā gambhīranti ‘‘gambhīramevā’’ti na sakkā byavacchijjituṃ, tathā paccekabodhiñāṇampi <a name="M1.0385"></a> yathāvuttaṃ ñāṇamupādāya gambhīraṃ, sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ pana upādāya na evaṃ gambhīranti ‘‘gambhīramevā’’ti na sakkā byavacchijjituṃ, tasmā tattha vavatthānaṃ na labbhati. Sabbaññutaññāṇadhammā pana sāvakapāramiñāṇādīnamiva kiñci upādāya gambhīrābhāvābhāvato ‘‘gambhīrā evā’’ti vavatthānaṃ labbhatīti. Yathā cettha vavatthānaṃ dassitaṃ, evaṃ sāvakapāramiñāṇaṃ duddasaṃ. ‘‘Paccekabodhiñāṇaṃ pana tato duddasataranti tattha vavatthānaṃ natthī’’tiādinā vavatthānasambhavo netabbo, tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘tathā duddasāva…pe… veditabba’’</span>nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pucchāvissajjana</span>ntipi pāṭho, tassā pucchāya vissajjananti attho. <span class="bld">Eta</span>nti yathāvuttaṃ vissajjanavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Eva</span>nti iminā diṭṭhīnaṃ vibhajanākārena. Etthāyamadhippāyo – bhavatu tāva niravasesabuddhaguṇavibhāvanupāyabhāvato sabbaññutaññāṇameva ekampi puthunissayārammaṇañāṇakiccasiddhiyā ‘‘atthi bhikkhave, aññeva dhammā’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.18) bahuvacanena uddiṭṭhaṃ, tassa pana vissajjanaṃ saccapaccayākārādivisayavisesavasena anaññasādhāraṇena vibhajananayena anārabhitvā sanissayānaṃ diṭṭhigatānaṃ vibhajananayena kasmā āraddhanti? Tattha yathā saccapaccayākārādīnaṃ vibhajanaṃ anaññasādhāraṇaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇasseva visayo, evaṃ niravasesadiṭṭhigatavibhajanampīti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘buddhānañhī’’</span>tiādi āraddhaṃ, tattha <span class="bld">ṭhānānī</span>ti kāraṇāni. <span class="bld">Gajjitaṃ mahantaṃ hotī</span>ti desetabbassa atthassa anekavidhatāya, dubbiññeyyatāya ca nānānayehi pavattamānaṃ desanāgajjitaṃ mahantaṃ vipulaṃ, bahuppabhedañca hoti<a name="V1.0339"></a>. <span class="bld">Ñāṇaṃ anupavisatī</span>ti tato eva ca desanāñāṇaṃ desetabbadhamme vibhāgaso kurumānaṃ anupavisati, te anupavisitvā ṭhitaṃ viya hotīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Buddhañāṇassa mahantabhāvo paññāyatī</span>ti evaṃvidhassa nāma dhammassa desakaṃ, paṭivedhakañcāti buddhānaṃ desanāñāṇassa, paṭivedhañāṇassa ca uḷārabhāvo pākaṭo hoti. <span class="bld">Desanā gambhīrā hotī</span>ti sabhāvena gambhīrānaṃ tesaṃ catubbidhānampi desanā desetabbavasena gambhīrāva hoti, sā pana buddhānaṃ desanā sabbattha, sabbadā ca yānattayamukhenevāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tilakkhaṇāhatā suññatāpaṭisaṃyuttā’’</span>ti, tīhi lakkhaṇehi āhatā, attattaniyato suññabhāvapaṭisaññuttā cāti attho. Ettha ca kiñcāpi <a name="M1.0386"></a> ‘‘sabbaṃ vacīkammaṃ buddhassa bhagavato ñāṇapubbaṅgamaṃ ñāṇānuparivattī’’ti (mahāni. 69, 156; cūḷani. 85; paṭi. ma. 3.5; netti. 15) vacanato sabbāpi bhagavato desanā ñāṇarahitā nāma natthi, samasamaparakkamanavasena sīhasamānavuttitāya ca sabbattha samānussāhappavatti, desetabbadhammavasena pana desanā visesato ñāṇena anupaviṭṭhā, gambhīratarā ca hotīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ pana vinayapaṇṇattiṃ patvā desanā tilakkhaṇāhatā, suññatāpaṭisaññuttā ca hoti, nanu tattha vinayapaṇṇattimattamevāti? Na tattha vinayapaṇṇattimattameva. Tatthāpi hi sannisinnaparisāya ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ pavattamānā desanā saṅkhārānaṃ aniccatādivibhāvinī sabbadhammānaṃ attattaniyatā, suññabhāvappakāsinī ca hoti, tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘anekapariyāyena dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Vinayapaññatti</span>nti vinayassa paññāpanaṃ. Ñña-kārassa pana ṇṇa-kāre kate vinayapaṇṇattintipi pāṭho. <span class="bld">Bhūmantara</span>nti dhammānaṃ avatthāvisesañca ṭhānavisesañca. Bhavanti dhammā etthāti <span class="bld">bhūmī</span>ti hi avatthāviseso, ṭhānañca vuccati. Tattha <span class="bld">avatthāviseso</span> satiādidhammānaṃ satipaṭṭhānindriyabalabojjhaṅgamaggaṅgādibhedo ‘‘vaccho, dammo, balībaddo’’ti ādayo viya. <span class="bld">Ṭhānaviseso</span> kāmāvacarādibhedo. <span class="bld">Paccayākāra</span>-saddassa attho heṭṭhā vuttoyeva. <span class="bld">Samayantara</span>nti diṭṭhivisesaṃ, nānāvihitā diṭṭhiyoti attho, aññasamayaṃ vā, bāhirakasamayanti vuttaṃ hoti. Vinayapaññattiṃ patvā mahantaṃ gajjitaṃ hotītiādinā sambandho. <span class="bld">Tasmā</span>ti yasmā gajjitaṃ mahantaṃ…pe… paṭisaṃyuttā, tasmā. <span class="bld">Chejjagāminī</span>ti atekicchagāminī.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Evaṃ otiṇṇe vatthusmi</span>nti yathāvuttanayena lahukagarukādivasena tadanurūpe vatthumhi otarante. Yaṃ sikkhāpadapaññāpanaṃ nāma atthi, tatthāti sambandho. <span class="bld">Thāmo</span>ti ñāṇasāmatthiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Bala</span>nti akampanasaṅkhāto vīrabhāvo. <span class="bld">Thāmo bala</span>nti vā sāmatthiyavacanameva paccavekkhaṇādesanāñāṇavasena <a name="V1.0340"></a> yojetabbaṃ. Paccavekkhaṇāñāṇapubbaṅgamañhi desanāñāṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Esā</span>ti sikkhāpadapaññāpanameva vuccamānapadamapekkhitvā pulliṅgena niddisati, eso sikkhāpadapaññāpanasaṅkhāto visayo aññesaṃ avisayoti attho. <span class="bld">Itī</span>ti tathāvisayāvisayabhāvassa hetubhāvena paṭiniddesavacanaṃ<a name="M1.0387"></a>, nidassanattho vā <span class="bld">iti</span>-saddo, tena ‘‘idaṃ lahukaṃ, idaṃ garuka’’ntiādinayaṃ niddisati. Evamaparatthāpi yathāsambhavaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadipi kāyānupassanādivasena satipaṭṭhānādayo suttantapiṭake (dī. ni. 2.374; ma. ni. 1.107) vibhattā, tathāpi suttantabhājanīyādivasena abhidhammeyeva te visesato vibhattāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ime cattāro satipaṭṭhānā…pe… abhidhammapiṭakaṃ vibhajitvā’’</span>ti. Tattha <span class="bld">satta phassā</span>ti sattaviññāṇadhātusampayogavasena vuttaṃ. Tathā <span class="bld">‘‘satta vedanā’’</span>tiādipi. <span class="bld">Lokuttarā dhammā nāmā</span>ti <span class="bld">ettha iti</span>-saddo ādiattho, pakārattho vā, tena vuttāvasesaṃ abhidhamme āgataṃ dhammānaṃ vibhajitabbākāraṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Catuvīsatisamantapaṭṭhānāni etthāti <span class="bld">catuvīsatisamantapaṭṭhāna</span>nti bāhiratthasamāso. <span class="bld">‘‘Abhidhammapiṭaka’’</span>nti etassa hi idaṃ visesanaṃ. Ettha ca paccayanayaṃ aggahetvā dhammavaseneva samantapaṭṭhānassa catuvīsatividhatā vuttā. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tikañca paṭṭhānavaraṃ dukuttamaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Dukatikañceva tikadukañca;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Tikatikañceva dukadukañca,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Cha anulomamhi nayā sugambhīrā…pe…</p>
<p class="gatha3">Cha paccanīyamhi…pe… anulomapaccanīyamhi…pe…</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paccanīyānulomamhi nayā sugambhīrā’’ti. [paṭṭhā. 1.1.41(ka), 44(kha), 48(ga), 52(gha)];</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ dhammavasena catuvīsatibhedesu tikapaṭṭhānādīsu ekekaṃ paccayanayena anulomādivasena catubbidhaṃ hotīti channavutisamantapaṭṭhānāni. Tattha pana dhammānulome tikapaṭṭhāne kusalattike paṭiccavāre paccayānulome hetumūlake hetupaccayavasena ekūnapaññāsa pucchānayā satta vissajjananayātiādinā dassiyamānā anantabhedā nayāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘anantanaya’’</span>nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Navahākārehī</span>ti uppādādīhi navahi paccayākārehi. Taṃ sarūpato dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘uppādo hutvā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha uppajjati etasmā phalanti <span class="bld">uppādo,</span> phaluppattiyā kāraṇabhāvo. Sati <a name="V1.0341"></a> ca avijjāya saṅkhārā uppajjanti, nāsati. Tasmā avijjā saṅkhārānaṃ uppādo hutvā paccayo hoti, tathā pavattati dharati etasmiṃ phalanti <span class="bld">pavattaṃ.</span> Nimīyati phalametasminti <span class="bld">nimittaṃ.</span> <a name="M1.0388"></a> (Nidadāti phalaṃ attano paccayuppannaṃ etenāti nidānaṃ.) (Etthantare aṭṭhakathāya na sameti) āyūhati phalaṃ attano paccayuppannuppattiyā ghaṭeti etenāti <span class="bld">āyūhanaṃ.</span> Saṃyujjati phalaṃ attano paccayuppannena etasminti <span class="bld">saṃyogo.</span> Yattha sayaṃ uppajjati, taṃ palibuddhati phalametenāti <span class="bld">palibodho.</span> Paccayantarasamavāye sati phalamudayati etenāti <span class="bld">samudayo.</span> Hinoti kāraṇabhāvaṃ gacchatīti <span class="bld">hetu.</span> Avijjāya hi sati saṅkhārā pavattanti, dharanti ca, te avijjāya sati attano phalaṃ (nidadanti) (paṭi. ma. 1.45; dī. ni. ṭī. 1.28 passitabbaṃ) bhavādīsu khipanti, āyūhanti attano phaluppattiyā ghaṭenti, attano phalena saṃyujjanti, yasmiṃ santāne sayaṃ uppannā taṃ palibuddhanti, paccayantarasamavāye udayanti uppajjanti, hinoti ca saṅkhārānaṃ kāraṇabhāvaṃ gacchati, tasmā avijjā saṅkhārānaṃ pavattaṃ hutvā…pe… paccayo hutvā paccayo hoti. Evaṃ avijjāya saṅkhārānaṃ kāraṇabhāvūpagamanavisesā uppādādayo veditabbā. Saṅkhārādīnaṃ viññāṇādīsupi eseva nayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tamatthaṃ paṭisambhidāmaggapāḷiyā sādhentena <span class="bld">‘‘yathāhā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha tiṭṭhati etenāti <span class="bld">ṭhiti,</span> paccayo, uppādo eva ṭhiti <span class="bld">uppādaṭṭhiti.</span> Evaṃ sesesupi. Yasmā pana ‘‘āsavasamudayā avijjāsamudayo’’ti (ma. ni. 1.103) vuttattā āsavāva avijjāya paccayo, tasmā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ubhopete dhammā ‘‘paccayasamuppannā’’</span>ti, avijjā ca saṅkhārā ca ubhopete dhammā paccayato eva samuppannā, na vinā paccayenāti attho. <span class="bld">Paccayapariggahe paññā</span>ti saṅkhārānaṃ, avijjāya ca uppādādike paccayākāre paricchinditvā gahaṇavasena pavattā paññā. <span class="bld">Dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇa</span>nti paccayuppannadhammānaṃ paccayabhāvato dhammaṭṭhitisaṅkhāte paṭiccasamuppāde ñāṇaṃ. ‘‘Dvādasa paṭiccasamuppādā’’ti vacanato hi dvādasa paccayā eva paṭiccasamuppādo. Ayañca nayo na paccuppanne eva, atha kho atītānāgatesupi, na ca avijjāya eva saṅkhāresu, atha kho saṅkhārādīnaṃ viññāṇādīsupi labbhatīti paripuṇṇaṃ katvā paccayākārassa vibhattabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘atītampi addhāna’’</span>ntiādi pāḷimāhari. <span class="bld">Paṭṭhāne</span> (paṭṭhā. 1.1) pana dassitā hetādipaccayāevettha uppādādipaccayākārehi gahitāti tepi yathāsambhavaṃ nīharitvā yojetabbā. Ativitthārabhayena pana na yojayimha, atthikehi ca visuddhimaggādito (visuddhi. 2.594) gahetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tassa</span> <a name="M1.0389"></a> <span class="bld">tassa dhammassā</span>ti saṅkhārādipaccayuppannadhammassa. <span class="bld">Tathā tathā paccayabhāvenā</span>ti uppādādihetādipaccayasattiyā<a name="V1.0342"></a>. Kammakilesavipākavasena tīṇi vaṭṭāni yassāti <span class="bld">tivaṭṭaṃ.</span> Atītapaccuppannānāgatavasena tayo addhā kālā etassāti <span class="bld">tiyaddhaṃ. </span> Hetuphalaphalahetuhetuphalavasena tayo sandhayo etassāti <span class="bld">tisandhi.</span> Saṅkhippanti ettha avijjādayo, viññāṇādayo cāti <span class="bld">saṅkhepā,</span> hetu, vipāko ca. Atha vā hetu vipākoti saṅkhippantīti <span class="bld">saṅkhepā.</span> Avijjādayo, viññāṇādayo ca koṭṭhāsapariyāyo vā <span class="bld">saṅkhepa</span>saddo. Atītahetusaṅkhepādivasena cattāro saṅkhepā yassāti <span class="bld">catusaṅkhepaṃ.</span> Sarūpato avuttāpi tasmiṃ tasmiṃ saṅkhepe ākirīyanti avijjāsaṅkhārādiggahaṇehi pakāsīyantīti <span class="bld">ākārā,</span> atītahetuādīnaṃ pakārā. Te saṅkhepe pañca pañca katvā vīsati ākārā etassāti <span class="bld">vīsatākāraṃ.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Khattiyādibhedena anekabhedabhinnāpi sassatavādino jātisatasahassānussaraṇādikassa abhinivesahetuno vasena cattārova honti, na tato uddhaṃ, adho vāti sassatavādīnaṃ parimāṇaparicchedassa anaññavisayataṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘cattāro janā’’</span>tiādimāha. Esa nayo itaresupi. Tattha <span class="bld">cattāro janā</span>ti cattāro janasamūhāti attho gahetabbo tesu ekekassāpi anekappabhedato. <span class="bld">Te</span>ti dvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhigatavādino. <span class="bld">Idaṃ nissāyā</span>ti idappaccayatāya sammā aggahaṇaṃ. Tatthāpi ca hetuphalabhāvena sambandhānaṃ dhammānaṃ santatighanassa abheditattā paramatthato vijjamānampi bhedanibandhanaṃ nānattanayaṃ anupadhāretvā gahitaṃ ekattaggahaṇaṃ nissāya. <span class="bld">Idaṃ gaṇhantī</span>ti idaṃ sassataggahaṇaṃ abhinivissa voharanti, iminā nayena ekaccasassatavādādayopi yathāsambhavaṃ yojetvā vattabbā. <span class="bld">Bhinditvā</span>ti ‘‘ātappamanvāyā’’tiādinā vibhajitvā, ‘‘tayidaṃ bhikkhave tathāgato pajānātī’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.36) vā vidhamitvā. <span class="bld">Nijjaṭa</span>nti anonaddhaṃ. <span class="bld">Nigumba</span>nti anāvuṭaṃ. Apica veḷuādīnaṃ heṭṭhupariyasaṃsibbanaṭṭhena <span class="bld">jaṭā.</span> Kusādīnaṃ ovaraṇaṭṭhena <span class="bld">gumbo.</span> Tassadisatāya diṭṭhigatānaṃ byākulā pākaṭatā ‘‘jaṭā, gumbo’’ti ca vuccati, diṭṭhijaṭāvijaṭanena, diṭṭhigumbavivaraṇena ca nijjaṭaṃ nigumbaṃ katvāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Tasmā’’</span>tiādinā <a name="M1.0390"></a> buddhaguṇe ārabbha desanāya samuṭṭhitattā sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ uddisitvā desanākusalo bhagavā samayantaraṃ viggahaṇavasena sabbaññutaññāṇameva vissajjetīti dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para29"></a><span class="paranum">29</span>. Atthi pariyāyo <span class="bld">santi</span>-saddo, so ca saṃvijjantipariyāyo, saṃvijjamānatā ca ñāṇena upalabbhamānatāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘santī’’</span>tiādi. Saṃvijjamānaparidīpanena pana <span class="bld">‘‘santī’’</span>ti iminā padena tesaṃ diṭṭhigatikānaṃ vijjamānatāya avicchinnataṃ, tato ca nesaṃ micchāgāhato sithilakaraṇavivecanehi <a name="V1.0343"></a> attano desanāya kiccakāritaṃ, avitathatañca dīpeti dhammarājā. <span class="bld">Atthī</span>ti ca santipadena samānattho puthuvacanavisayo eko nipāto ‘‘atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.377; ma. ni. 1.110; 3.154; saṃ. ni. 4.127) viya. <span class="bld">Ālapanavacana</span>nti buddhālapanavacanaṃ. Bhagavāyeva hi ‘‘bhikkhave, bhikkhavo’’ti ca ālapati, na sāvakā. Sāvakā pana ‘‘āvuso, āyasmā’’tiādisambandhaneneva. ‘‘Eke’’ti vutte <span class="bld">ekacce</span>ti attho eva saṅkhyāvācakassa eka-saddassa niyatekavacanattā, na samitabahitapāpatāya samaṇabrāhmaṇāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘pabbajjūpagatabhāvenā’’</span>tiādi. Tathā vā hontu, aññathā vā, sammutimatteneva idhādhippetāti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘lokenā’’</span>tiādinā. Sassatādivasena pubbantaṃ kappentīti <span class="bld">pubbantakappikā.</span> Yasmā pana tesaṃ <span class="bld">pubbantaṃ</span> purimasiddhehi taṇhādiṭṭhikappehi <span class="bld">kappetvā</span> āsevanabalavatāya, vicitravuttitāya ca <span class="bld">vikappetvā</span> aparabhāgasiddhehi abhinivesabhūtehi taṇhādiṭṭhigāhehi <span class="bld">gaṇhanti</span> abhinivisanti parāmasanti, tasmā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘pubbantaṃ kappetvā vikappetvā gaṇhantī’’</span>ti. Purimabhāgapacchimabhāgasiddhānaṃ vā taṇhāupādānānaṃ vasena yathākkamaṃ kappanagahaṇāni veditabbāni. Taṇhāpaccayā hi upādānaṃ sambhavati. Pahutapasaṃsānindātisayasaṃsagganiccayogādivisayesu idha niccayogavasena vijjamānattho sambhavatīti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘pubbanta kappo vā’’</span>tiādi vuttañca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pahute ca pasaṃsāyaṃ, nindāyañcātisayane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Niccayoge ca saṃsagge, hontime mantuādayo’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Koṭṭhāsesū</span>ti <a name="M1.0391"></a> ettha koṭṭhāsādīsūti attho veditabbo ādi-saddalopena, nidassananayena ca vuttattā. Padapūraṇasamīpaummaggādīsupi hi <span class="bld">anta</span>-saddo dissati. Tathā hi ‘‘iṅgha tāva suttante vā gāthāyo vā abhidhammaṃ vā pariyāpuṇassu (pāci. 442), suttante okāsaṃ kārāpetvā’’tiādīsu (pāci. 1221) ca padapūraṇe anta-saddo vattati, ‘‘gāmantasenāsana’’ntiādīsu (visuddhi. 1.31) samīpe, ‘‘kāmasukhallikānuyogo eko anto, atthīti kho kaccāna ayameko anto’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.258; saṃ. ni. 2.110) ca ummaggeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Antapūro</span>ti mahāantaantaguṇehi pūro. ‘‘Sā haritantaṃ vā panthantaṃ vā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.304) majjhimanikāye mahāhatthipadopamasuttantapāḷi. Tattha <span class="bld">sā</span>ti tejodhātu. <span class="bld">Haritanta</span>nti haritatiṇarukkhamariyādaṃ<a name="V1.0344"></a>. <span class="bld">Panthanta</span>nti maggamariyādaṃ. Āgamma anāhārā nibbāyatīti seso. ‘‘Antamidaṃ bhikkhave, jīvikānaṃ yadidaṃ piṇḍolya’’nti (saṃ. ni. 3.80; itivu. 91) piṇḍiyālopasuttantapāḷi. Tattha piṇḍaṃ ulati gavesatīti <span class="bld">piṇḍolo,</span> piṇḍācāriko, tassa bhāvo <span class="bld">piṇḍolyaṃ,</span> piṇḍacaraṇena jīvikatāti attho. <span class="bld">Esevā</span>ti sabbapaccayasaṅkhayabhūto nibbānadhammo eva, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘sabba…pe… vuccatī’’</span>ti. Etena sabbapaccayasaṅkhayanato asaṅkhataṃ nibbānaṃ saṅkhatabhūtassa vaṭṭadukkhassa parabhāgaṃ pariyosānabhūtaṃ, tasmā ettha parabhāgova attho yuttoti dasseti. <span class="bld">Sakkāyo</span>ti sakkāyagāho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kappo</span>ti leso. <span class="bld">Kappakatenā</span>ti tiṇṇaṃ dubbaṇṇakaraṇānaṃ aññataradubbaṇṇakatena. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena cettha kappa-saddo mahākappasamantabhāvakilesakāmavitakkakālapaññattisadisabhāvādīsupi vattatīti dasseti. Tathā hesa ‘‘cattārimāni bhikkhave, kappassa asaṅkhyeyyānī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 4.156) mahākappe vattati, ‘‘kevalakappaṃ veḷuvanaṃ obhāsetvā’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.94) samantabhāve, ‘‘saṅkappo kāmo rāgo kāmo saṅkapparāgo kāmo’’tiādīsu (mahāni. 1; cūḷani. 8) kilesakāme, ‘‘takko vitakko saṅkappo’’tiādīsu vitakke, ‘‘yena sudaṃ niccakappaṃ viharāmī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.387) kāle<a name="M1.0392"></a>, ‘‘iccāyasmā kappo’’tiādīsu (su. ni. 1018) paññattiyaṃ, ‘‘satthukappena vata kira bho sāvakena saddhiṃ mantayamānā na jānimhā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.260) sadisabhāveti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Taṇhādiṭṭhīsu pavattiṃ <span class="bld">mahāniddesapāḷiyā</span> (mahāni. 28) sādhento <span class="bld">‘‘vuttampi ceta’’</span>ntiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">uddānato</span>ti saṅkhepato. <span class="bld">‘‘Tasmā’’</span>tiādi yathāvuttāya atthavaṇṇanāya guṇavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Taṇhādiṭṭhivasenā</span>ti upanissayasahajātabhūtāya abhinandanasaṅkhātāya taṇhāya ceva sassatādiākārena abhinivisantassa micchāgāhassa ca vasena. Pubbe nivutthadhammavisayāya kappanāya idha adhippetattā atītakālavācakoyeva pubba-saddo, na pana ‘‘manopubbaṅgamā dhammā’’tiādīsu viya padhānādivācako, rūpādikhandhavinimuttassa kappanavatthuno abhāvā anta-saddo ca koṭṭhāsavācako, na pana abbhantarādivācakoti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘atītaṃ khandhakoṭṭhāsa’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Kappetvā</span>ti ca tasmiṃ pubbante taṇhāyanābhinivesanānaṃ samatthanaṃ pariniṭṭhāpanamāha. <span class="bld">Ṭhitā</span>ti tassā laddhiyā avijahanaṃ, pubbantameva anugatā diṭṭhi tesamatthīti yojanā. Atthitā, anugatatā ca nāma punappunaṃ pavattiyāti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘punappunaṃ uppajjanavasenā’’</span>ti iminā. <span class="bld">‘‘Te eva’’</span>ntiādinā <span class="bld">‘‘pubbantaṃ ārabbhā’’</span>tiādipāḷiyā atthaṃ saṃvaṇṇeti. Tattha <span class="bld">ārabbhā</span>ti ālambitvā. Visayo hi tassā diṭṭhiyā pubbanto. Visayabhāvato hesa tassā āgamanaṭṭhānaṃ<a name="V1.0345"></a>, ārammaṇapaccayo cāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘āgamma paṭiccā’’</span>ti. Tadetaṃ aññesaṃ patiṭṭhāpanadassananti āha <span class="bld">‘‘aññampi janaṃ diṭṭhigatitaṃ karontā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Adhivacanapathānī</span>ti [adhivacanapaadāni (aṭṭhakathāyaṃ)] ruḷhimattena paññattipathāni. Dāsādīsu hi sirivaḍḍhakādisaddā viya vacanamattameva adhikāraṃ katvā pavattiyā tathā paṇṇattiyeva <span class="bld">adhivacanaṃ,</span> sā ca vohārassa pathoti. Atha vā <span class="bld">adhi</span>-saddo uparibhāge, vuccatīti <span class="bld">vacanaṃ.</span> Adhi uparibhāge vacanaṃ <span class="bld">adhivacanaṃ.</span> Upādāniyabhūtānaṃ rūpādīnaṃ [upādābhūtarūpādīnaṃ (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.29)] upari paññāpiyamānā upādāpaññatti, tasmā paññattidīpakapathānīti attho daṭṭhabbo. Paññattimattañhetaṃ vuccati, yadidaṃ ‘‘attā, loko’’ti ca, na rūpavedanādayo viya <a name="M1.0393"></a> paramatthoti. <span class="bld">Adhimutti</span>-saddo cettha adhivacana-saddena samānattho ‘‘niruttipatho’’tiādīsu (dha. sa. 107 dukamātikā) viya uttisaddassa vacanapariyāyattā. <span class="bld">‘‘Bhūtaṃ attha’’</span>ntiādinā pana bhūtasabhāvato atirekaṃ. Tamatidhāvitvā vā muccantīti <span class="bld">adhimuttiyo,</span> tāsaṃ pathāni taddīpakattāti atthaṃ dasseti, adhikaṃ vā sassatādikaṃ muccantīti <span class="bld">adhimuttiyo.</span> Adhikañhi sassatādiṃ, pakatiādiṃ, dabbādiṃ, jīvādiṃ, kāyādiñca abhūtaṃ atthaṃ sabhāvadhammesu ajjhāropetvā diṭṭhiyo pavattanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para30"></a><span class="paranum">30</span>. <span class="bld">Abhivadantī</span>ti ‘‘idameva saccaṃ, moghamañña’’nti abhinivisitvā vadanti. ‘‘Ayameva dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo’’tiādinā abhibhavitvāpi vadanti. Abhivadanakiriyāya ajjāpi avicchedabhāvadassanatthaṃ vattamānavacanaṃ katanti ayamettha pāḷivaṇṇanā. Kathetukamyatāya hetubhūtāya pucchitvāti sambandho. Micchā passatīti <span class="bld">diṭṭhi,</span> diṭṭhi eva <span class="bld">diṭṭhigataṃ</span> ‘‘muttagataṃ, (a. ni. 9.11) saṅkhāragata’’ntiādīsu (mahāni. 41) viya gata-saddassa tabbhāvavuttito, gantabbābhāvato vā diṭṭhiyā gatamattanti <span class="bld">diṭṭhigataṃ.</span> Diṭṭhiyā gahaṇamattameva, natthaññaṃ avagantabbanti attho, diṭṭhipakāro vā <span class="bld">diṭṭhigataṃ.</span> Lokiyā hi vidhayuttagatapakārasadde samānatthe icchanti. Ekasmiṃyeva khandhe ‘‘attā’’ti ca ‘‘loko’’ti ca gahaṇavisesaṃ upādāya paññāpanaṃ hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘rūpādīsu aññataraṃ attāti ca lokoti ca gahetvā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Amaraṃ niccaṃ dhuva</span>nti sassatavevacanāni, maraṇābhāvena vā <span class="bld">amaraṃ.</span> Uppādābhāvena sabbadāpi atthitāya <span class="bld">niccaṃ.</span> Thiraṭṭhena vikārābhāvena <span class="bld">dhuvaṃ.</span> <span class="bld">‘‘Yathāhā’’</span>tiādinā mahāniddesa paṭisambhidāmaggapāḷīhi yathāvuttamatthaṃ vibhāveti. Tattha ‘‘rūpaṃ gahetvā’’ti pāṭhasesena sambandho. Ayaṃ panattho – ‘‘rūpaṃ attato samanupassati. Vedanaṃ, saññaṃ, saṅkhāre, viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassatī’’ti imissā pañcavidhāya sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā vasena vutto, ‘‘rūpavantaṃ attāna’’ntiādikāya pana pañcadasavidhāyapi <a name="V1.0346"></a> tadavasesāya sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā vasena cattāro khandhe ‘‘attā’’ti gahetvā tadañño ‘‘loko’’ti paññapentīti ayampi attho labbhateva. Tathā ekaṃ khandhaṃ ‘‘attā’’ti gahetvā añño attano upabhogabhūto ‘‘loko’’ti ca. Sasantatipatite khandhe ‘‘attā’’ti gahetvā tadañño parasantatipatito ‘‘loko’’ti ca paññapetīti evampettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Etthāha <a name="M1.0394"></a> – ‘‘sassato vādo etesa’’nti kasmā heṭṭhā vuttaṃ, nanu tesaṃ attā ca loko ca sassatoti adhippeto, na vādoti? Saccametaṃ, sassatasahacaritatāya pana vādopi sassatoti vutto yathā ‘‘kuntā pacarantī’’ti, sassato iti vādo etesanti vā tattha iti-saddalopo daṭṭhabbo. Sassataṃ vadanti ‘‘idameva saccaṃ, moghamañña’’nti abhinivissa voharantīti <span class="bld">sassatavādā</span> tipi yujjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para31"></a><span class="paranum">31</span>. <span class="bld">Ātāpanabhāvenā</span>ti vibādhanassa bhāvena, vibādhanaṭṭhena vā. Pahānañcettha vibādhanaṃ. <span class="bld">Padahanavasenā</span>ti samādahanavasena. <span class="bld">Samādahanaṃ</span> pana kosajjapakkhe patitumadatvā cittassa ussāhanaṃ. Yathā samādhi visesabhāgiyataṃ pāpuṇāti, evaṃ vīriyassa bahulīkaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">anuyogo.</span> Iti padattayena vīriyameva vuttanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ tippabhedaṃ vīriya’’</span>nti. Yathākkamañhiha tīhi padehi upacārappanācittaparidamanavīriyāni dasseti. Na pamajjati etenāti <span class="bld">appamādo,</span> satiyā avippavāso. So pana satipaṭṭhānā cattāro khandhā eva. Sammā upāyena manasi karoti kammaṭṭhānametenāti <span class="bld">sammāmanasikāro,</span> so pana ñāṇameva, na ārammaṇavīthijavanapaṭipādakā, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘atthato ñāṇa’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Pathamanasikāro</span>ti kāraṇamanasikāro. Tadevatthaṃ samattheti <span class="bld">‘‘yasmiñhī’’</span>tiādinā. Tattha <span class="bld">yasmiṃ manasikāre</span>ti kammaṭṭhānamanasikaraṇūpāyabhūte ñāṇasaṅkhāte manasikāre. <span class="bld">‘‘Imasmiṃ ṭhāne’’</span>ti iminā saddantarasampayogādinā viya pakaraṇavasenāpi saddo visesavisayoti dīpeti. <span class="bld">Vīriyañcā</span>ti yathāvuttehi tīhi padehi vuttaṃ tippabhedaṃ vīriyañca. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti ‘‘ātappa…pe… manasikāramanvāyā’’ti imasmiṃ pāṭhe, sīlavisuddhiyā saddhiṃ catunnaṃ rūpāvacarajjhānānaṃ adhigamanapaṭipadā idha vattabbā, sā pana <span class="bld">visuddhimagge</span> (visuddhi. 2.401) vitthārato vuttāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘saṅkhepattho’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Tathājātika</span>nti tathāsabhāvaṃ, etena cuddasavidhehi cittaparidamanehi rūpāvacaracatutthajjhānassa paguṇatāpādanena damitataṃ dasseti. Cetaso samādhi <span class="bld">cetosamādhi,</span> so pana aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatarūpāvacaracatutthajjhānasseva samādhi. <span class="bld">Yathā</span>-saddo <span class="bld">‘‘yenā’’</span>ti atthe nipātoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yena samādhinā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vijambhanabhūtehi <a name="M1.0395"></a> lokiyābhiññāsaṅkhātehi jhānānubhāvehi sampannoti <span class="bld">jhānānubhāvasampanno. So</span> <a name="V1.0347"></a> <span class="bld">diṭṭhigatiko evaṃ vadatī</span>ti vattamānavacanaṃ, tathāvadanassa avicchedabhāvena sabbakālikatādassanatthanti veditabbaṃ. Aniyamite hi kālavisese vippakatakālavacananti. Vanati yācati puttanti <span class="bld">vañjhā jha</span>-paccayaṃ, na-kārassa ca niggahitaṃ katvā, vadhati puttaṃ, phalaṃ vā hanatītipi <span class="bld">vañjhā</span> sapaccayaghya-kārassa jha-kāraṃ, niggahitāgamañca katvā. Sā viya kassaci phalassa ajanenāti <span class="bld">vañjho,</span> tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘vañjhapasū’’</span>tiādi. Evaṃ padatthavatā iminā kīdisaṃ sāmatthiyatthaṃ dassetīti antolīnacodanaṃ pariharituṃ <span class="bld">‘‘etenā’’</span>tiādimāha. Jhānalābhissa visesena jhānadhammā āpāthamāgacchanti, tammukhena pana sesadhammāpīti imamatthaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘jhānādīna’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Rūpādijanakabhāva</span>nti rūpādīnaṃ janakasāmatthiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Paṭikkhipatī</span>ti ‘‘nayime kiñci janentī’’ti paṭikkhipati. Kasmāti ce? Sati hi janakabhāve rūpādidhammānaṃ viya, sukhādidhammānaṃ viya ca paccayāyattavuttitāya uppādavantatā viññāyati, uppāde ca sati avassaṃbhāvī nirodhoti anavakāsāva niccatā siyā, tasmā taṃ paṭikkhipatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ṭhito</span>ti niccalaṃ patiṭṭhito, <span class="bld">kūṭaṭṭha</span>-saddoyeva vā loke accantaṃ nicce niruḷho daṭṭhabbo. Tiṭṭhatīti <span class="bld">ṭhāyī,</span> esikā ca sā ṭhāyī cāti <span class="bld">esikaṭṭhāyī,</span> visesanaparanipāto cesa, tasmā gambhīranemo niccalaṭṭhitiko indakhīlo viyāti attho, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘yathā’’</span>tiādi. ‘‘Kūṭaṭṭho’’ti iminā cettha aniccatābhāvamāha. ‘‘Esikaṭṭhāyī ṭhito’’ti iminā pana yathā esikā vātappahārādīhi na calati, evaṃ na kenaci vikāramāpajjatīti vikārābhāvaṃ, vikāropi atthato vināsoyevāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ubhayenāpi lokassa vināsābhāvaṃ dassetī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamaṭṭhakathāvādaṃ dassetvā idāni kecivādaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘keci panā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Muñjato</span>ti [muñje (aṭṭhakathāyaṃ)] muñjatiṇato. <span class="bld">Īsikā</span>ti kaḷīro. <span class="bld">Yadidaṃ</span> attasaṅkhātaṃ dhammajātaṃ <span class="bld">jāyatīti vuccati,</span> taṃ sattirūpavasena pubbe <span class="bld">vijjamānameva</span> byattirūpavasena <span class="bld">nikkhamati,</span> abhibyattiṃ gacchatīti attho. ‘‘Vijjamānamevā’’ti hi etena kāraṇe phalassa atthibhāvadassanena byattirūpavasena <a name="M1.0396"></a> abhibyattivādaṃ dasseti. Sāligabbhe saṃvijjamānaṃ sālisīsaṃ viya hi sattirūpaṃ, tadabhinikkhantaṃ viya byattirūpanti. Kathaṃ pana sattirūpavasena vijjamānoyeva pubbe anabhibyatto byattirūpavasena abhibyattiṃ gacchatīti? Yathā andhakārena paṭicchanno ghaṭo ālokena abhibyattiṃ gacchati, evamayampīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idamettha vicāretabbaṃ – kiṃ karonto āloko ghaṭaṃ pakāsetīti vuccati, yadi ghaṭavisayaṃ <a name="V1.0348"></a> buddhiṃ karonto pakāseti, anuppannāya eva buddhiyā uppattidīpanato abhibyattivādo hāyati. Atha ghaṭavisayāya buddhiyā āvaraṇabhūtaṃ andhakāraṃ vidhamanto pakāseti, evampi abhibyattivādo hāyateva. Sati hi ghaṭavisayāya buddhiyā kathaṃ andhakāro tassā āvaraṇaṃ hotīti. Yathā ca ghaṭassa abhibyatti na yujjati, evaṃ diṭṭhigatikaparikappitassa attanopi abhibyatti na yujjatiyeva. Tatthāpi hi yadi indriyavisayādisannipātena anuppannā eva buddhi uppannā, uppattivacaneneva abhibyattivādo hāyati abhibyattimattamatikkamma anuppannāya eva buddhiyā uppattidīpanato. Tathā sassatavādopi teneva kāraṇena. Atha buddhippavattiyā āvaraṇabhūtassa andhakāraṭṭhāniyassa mohassa vidhamanena buddhi uppannā. Evampi sati atthavisayāya buddhiyā kathaṃ moho tassā āvaraṇaṃ hotīti, hāyateva abhibyattivādo, kiñca bhiyyo – bhedasabbhāvatopi abhibyattivādo hāyati. Na hi abhibyañjanakānaṃ candimasūriyamaṇipadīpādīnaṃ bhedena abhibyañjitabbānaṃ ghaṭādīnaṃ bhedo hoti, hoti ca visayabhedena buddhibhedo yathāvisayaṃ buddhiyā sambhavatoti bhiyyopi abhibyatti na yujjatiyeva, na cettha vijjamānatābhibyattivasena vuttikappanā yuttā vijjamānatābhibyattikiriyāsaṅkhātāya vuttiyā vuttimato ca anaññathānujānanato. Anaññāyeva hi tathā vuttisaṅkhātā kiriyā tabbantavatthuto, yathā phassādīhi phusanādibhāvo, tasmā vuttimato anaññāya eva vijjamānatābhibyattisaṅkhātāya vuttiyā parikappito kesañci abhibyattivādo na yutto evāti. Ye pana ‘‘īsikaṭṭhāyī ṭhito’’ti paṭhitvā yathāvuttamatthamicchanti, te tadidaṃ kāraṇabhāvena gahetvā ‘‘te ca sattā sandhāvanti saṃsaranti cavanti upapajjantī’’ti padehi atthasambandhampi karonti, na aṭṭhakathāyamiva asambandhanti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘yasmā cā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Te ca sattā sandhāvantī</span>ti ettha ye <a name="M1.0397"></a> idha manussabhāvena avaṭṭhitā, teyeva devabhāvādiupagamanena ito aññattha gacchantīti attho. Aññathā katassa kammassa vināso, akatassa ca abbhāgamo āpajjeyyāti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aparāpara</span>nti aparasmā bhavā aparaṃ bhavaṃ, aparamaparaṃ vā, punappunanti attho. <span class="bld">‘‘Cavantī’’</span>ti padamulliṅgetvā <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ saṅkhyaṃ gacchantī’’</span>ti atthaṃ vivarati, attano tathāgahitassa niccasabhāvattā na cutūpapattiyo. Sabbabyāpitāya nāpi sandhāvanasaṃsaraṇāni, dhammānaṃyeva pana pavattivisesena evaṃ saṅkhyaṃ gacchanti evaṃ voharīyantīti adhippāyo. Etena ‘‘avaṭṭhitasabhāvassa attano, dhammino ca dhammamattaṃ uppajjati ceva vinassati cā’’ti imaṃ vipariṇāmavādaṃ dasseti. Yaṃ panettha vattabbaṃ, taṃ imissaṃ sassatavādavicāraṇāyameva ‘‘evaṃgatikā’’ti <a name="V1.0349"></a> padatthavibhāvane vakkhāma. Idāni aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ asambandhamattaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘aṭṭhakathāyaṃ panā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Sandhāvantītiādinā vacanena attano vādaṃ bhindati</span> vināseti sandhāvanādivacanasiddhāya aniccatāya pubbe attanā paṭiññātassa sassatavādassa viruddhabhāvatoti attho. <span class="bld">‘‘Diṭṭhigatikassā’’</span>tiādi tadatthasamatthanaṃ. <span class="bld">Na nibaddha</span>nti na thiraṃ. ‘‘Sandhāvantī’’tiādivacanaṃ, sassatavādañca sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘sundarampi asundarampi hotiyevā’’ti vuttaṃ.</span> Sabbadā saranti pavattantīti <span class="bld">sassatiyo</span> ra-kārassa sa-kāraṃ, dvibhāvañca katvā, pathavīsinerucandimasūriyā, sassatīhi samaṃ sadisaṃ tathā, bhāvanapuṃsakavacanañcetaṃ. ‘‘Attā ca loko cā’’ti hi kattuadhikāro. <span class="bld">Sassatisama</span>nti vā liṅgabyattayena kattuniddeso. Sassatisamo attā ca loko ca atthi evāti attho, <span class="bld">iti</span>-saddo cettha padapūraṇamattaṃ. Eva-saddassa hi e-kāre pare iti-sadde i-kārassa va-kāramicchanti saddavidū. <span class="bld">Sassatisama</span>nti sassataṃ thāvaraṃ niccakālantipi attho, sassatisama-saddassa sassatapadena samānatthataṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">ṭīkāyaṃ</span> (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.31) vutto.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Hetuṃ dassento</span>ti yesaṃ ‘‘sassato’’ti attānañca lokañca paññapeti, tesaṃ hetuṃ dassento ayaṃ diṭṭhigatiko āhāti sambandho. Na hi attano diṭṭhiyā paccakkhakatamatthaṃ attanoyeva sādheti, attano pana paccakkhakatena atthena attano appaccakkhabhūtampi atthaṃ sādheti, attanā ca yathānicchitaṃ atthaṃ parepi viññāpeti, na anicchitaṃ<a name="M1.0398"></a>, idaṃ pana hetudassanaṃ etesu anekesu jātisatasahassesu ekovāyaṃ me attā ca loko ca anussaraṇasambhavato. Yo hi yamatthaṃ anubhavati, so eva taṃ anussarati, na añño. Na hi aññena anubhūtamatthaṃ añño anussarituṃ sakkoti yathā taṃ buddharakkhitena anubhūtaṃ dhammarakkhito. Yathā cetāsu, evaṃ ito purimatarāsupi jātīsu, tasmā ‘‘sassato me attā ca loko ca, yathā ca me, evaṃ aññesampi sattānaṃ sassato attā ca loko cā’’ti sassatavasena diṭṭhigahaṇaṃ pakkhandanto diṭṭhigatiko parepi tattha patiṭṭhapeti. Pāḷiyaṃ pana ‘‘anekavihitāni adhimuttipathāni abhivadanti, so evamāhā’’ti vacanato parānugāhāpanavasena idha hetudassanaṃ adhippetanti viññāyati. <span class="bld">Eta</span>nti attano ca lokassa ca sassatabhāvaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Na kevala’’</span>ntiādi atthato āpannadassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Ṭhāna</span>-saddo kāraṇe, tañca kho idha pubbenivāsānussatiyevāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ida’’</span>ntiādi. Kāraṇañca nāmetaṃ tividhaṃ sampāpakaṃ nibbattakaṃ ñāpakanti. Tattha ariyamaggo nibbānassa sampāpakakāraṇaṃ, bījaṃ aṅkurassa nibbattakakāraṇaṃ, paccayuppannatādayo aniccatādīnaṃ ñāpakakāraṇaṃ, idhāpi ñāpakakāraṇameva adhippetaṃ. Ñāpako hi attho ñāpetabbatthavisayassa ñāṇassa hetubhāvato kāraṇaṃ. Tadāyattavuttitāya <a name="V1.0350"></a> taṃ ñāṇaṃ tiṭṭhati etthāti <span class="bld">ṭhānaṃ,</span> vasati taṃ ñāṇamettha tiṭṭhatīti <span class="bld">‘‘vatthū’’</span>ti ca vuccati. Tathā hi bhagavatā vatthu-saddena uddisitvāpi ṭhāna-saddena niddiṭṭhanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para32-33"></a><span class="paranum">32-33</span>. Dutiyatatiyavārānaṃ paṭhamavārato viseso natthi ṭhapetvā kālabhedanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘upari vāradvayepi eseva nayo’’</span>ti. Tadetaṃ kālabhedaṃ yathāpāḷiṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kevalañhī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Itarena dutiyatatiyavārā yāva dasasaṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappā, yāva cattālīsasaṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappā ca anussaraṇavasena vuttāti adhippāyo. Yadevaṃ kasmā sassatavādo catudhā vibhatto, nanu tidhā kālabhedamakatvā adhiccasamuppattikavādo viya duvidheneva vibhajitabbo siyāti codanaṃ sodhetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘mandapañño hī’’</span>tiādimāha. Mandapaññādīnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇalābhīnaṃ vasena tidhā kālabhedaṃ katvā takkanena saha catudhā vibhattoti adhippāyo. Nanu ca anussavādivasena takkikānaṃ viya mandapaññādīnampi visesalābhīnaṃ hīnādivasena anekabhedasambhavato <a name="M1.0399"></a> bahudhā bhedo siyā, atha kasmā sabbepi visesalābhino tayo eva rāsī katvā vuttāti? Ukkaṭṭhaparicchedena dassetukāmattā. Tīsu hi rāsīsu ye hīnamajjhimapaññā, te vuttaparicchedato ūnakameva anussaranti. Ye pana ukkaṭṭhapaññā, te vuttaparicchedaṃ atikkamitvā nānussarantīti tattha tattha ukkaṭṭhaparicchedena dassetukāmato anekajātisatasahassadasacattārīsasaṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭānussaraṇavasena tayo eva rāsī katvā vuttāti. <span class="bld">Na tato uddha</span>nti yathāvuttakālattayato, cattārīsasaṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappato vā uddhaṃ nānussarati, kasmā? Dubbalapaññattā. Tesañhi nāmarūpaparicchedavirahato dubbalā paññā hotīti aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para34"></a><span class="paranum">34</span>. Tappakatiyattopi kattutthoyevāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘takkayatī’’</span>ti. Tappakatiyattattā eva hi dutiyanayopi upapanno hoti. Tattha <span class="bld">takkayatī</span>ti ūhayati, sassatādiākārena tasmiṃ tasmiṃ ārammaṇe cittaṃ abhiniropayatīti attho. <span class="bld">Takko</span>ti ākoṭanalakkhaṇo, vinicchayalakkhaṇo vā diṭṭhiṭṭhānabhūto vitakko. Tena tena pariyāyena takkanaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘takketvā vitakketvā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">vīmaṃsāya samannāgato</span>ti atthavacanamattaṃ. Nibbacanaṃ pana takkipade viya dvidhā vattabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Vīmaṃsā</span> nāma vicāraṇā, sā ca duvidhā paññā ceva paññāpatirūpikā ca. Idha pana paññāpatirūpikāva, sā catthato lobhasahagatacittuppādo, micchābhinivesasaṅkhāto vā ayonisomanasikāro. Pubbabhāge vā micchādassanabhūtaṃ diṭṭhivipphanditaṃ, tadetamatthattayaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tulanā ruccanā khamanā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Tulayitvā’’</span>tiādīsupi yathākkamaṃ ‘‘lobhasahagatacittuppādenā’’tiādinā yojetabbaṃ. Samantato, punappunaṃ vā āhananaṃ <span class="bld">pariyāhataṃ,</span> taṃ <a name="V1.0351"></a> pana vitakkassa ārammaṇaṃ ūhanameva, bhāvanapuṃsakañcetaṃ padanti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘tena tena pariyāyena takketvā’’</span>ti iminā. <span class="bld">Pariyāyenā</span>ti ca kāraṇenāti attho. <span class="bld">Vuttappakārāyā</span>ti tidhā vuttappabhedāya. <span class="bld">Anuvicarita</span>nti anupavattitaṃ, vīmaṃsānugatena vā vicārena anumajjitaṃ. Tadanugatadhammakiccampi hi padhānadhamme āropetvā tathā vuccati. Paṭibhāti dissatīti <span class="bld">paṭibhānaṃ,</span> yathāsamāhitākāravisesavibhāvako diṭṭhigatasampayuttacittuppādo, tato jātanti <span class="bld">paṭibhānaṃ,</span> tathā paññāyanaṃ, sayaṃ attano paṭibhānaṃ <span class="bld">sayaṃpaṭibhānaṃ</span><a name="M1.0400"></a>, tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘attano paṭibhānamattasañjāta’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Matta</span>-saddena cettha visesādhigamādayo nivatteti. Anāmaṭṭhakālavacane vattamānavaseneva atthaniddeso upapannoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ vadatī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘takkī hoti vīmaṃsī’’ti sāmaññaniddesena, ekasesena vā vuttaṃ takkībhedaṃ vibhajanto <span class="bld">‘‘tattha catubbidho’’</span>tiādimāha. Parehi puna savanaṃ <span class="bld">anussuti,</span> sā yassāyaṃ <span class="bld">anussutiko.</span> Purimaṃ anubhūtapubbaṃ jātiṃ saratīti <span class="bld">jātissaro.</span> Labbhateti <span class="bld">lābho,</span> yaṃ kiñci attanā paṭiladdhaṃ rūpādi, sukhādi ca, na pana jhānādiviseso, tenevāha pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘so takkapariyāhataṃ vīmaṃsānuvicaritaṃ sayaṃpaṭibhānaṃ evamāhā’’ti. Aṭṭhakathāyampi vuttaṃ ‘‘attano paṭibhānamattasañjāta’’nti. <span class="bld">Ācariyadhammapālattheropi</span> vadati ‘‘matta-saddena visesādhigamādayo nivattetī’’ti (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.34) so etassāti <span class="bld">lābhī.</span> Suddhena purimehi asammissena, suddhaṃ vā takkanaṃ <span class="bld">suddhatakko,</span> so yassāyaṃ <span class="bld">suddhatakkiko. Tena hī</span>ti uyyojanatthe nipāto, tena tathā vessantararaññova bhagavati samāneti diṭṭhiggāhaṃ uyyojeti. <span class="bld">Lābhitāyā</span>ti rūpādisukhādilābhībhāvato. <span class="bld">‘‘Anāgatepi evaṃ bhavissatī’’</span>ti idaṃ lābhītakkino evampi sambhavatīti sambhavadassanavasena idhādhippetaṃ takkanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Anāgataṃsatakkaneneva hi sassataggāhī bhavati. <span class="bld">‘‘Atītepi evaṃ ahosī’’</span>ti idaṃ pana anāgataṃsatakkanassa upanissayanidassanamattaṃ. So hi ‘‘yathā me idāni attā sukhī hoti, evaṃ atītepīti paṭhamaṃ atītaṃsānutakkanaṃ upanissāya anāgatepi evaṃ bhavissatī’’ti takkayanto diṭṭhiṃ gaṇhāti. <span class="bld">‘‘Evaṃ sati idaṃ hotī’’</span>ti iminā aniccesu bhāvesu añño karoti, añño paṭisaṃvedetīti doso āpajjati, tathā ca sati katassa vināso akatassa ca ajjhāgamo siyā. Niccesu pana bhāvesu añño karoti, añño paṭisaṃvedetīti doso nāpajjati. Evañca sati katassa avināso, akatassa ca anajjhāgamo siyāti takkikassa yuttigavesanākāraṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Takkamattenevā</span>ti suddhatakkaneneva. <span class="bld">Matta</span>-saddena hi āgamādīnaṃ, anussavādīnañca abhāvaṃ <a name="V1.0352"></a> dasseti. ‘‘Nanu ca visesalābhinopi sassatavādino <a name="M1.0401"></a> visesādhigamahetu anekesu jātisatasahassesu, dasasu saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭesu, cattālīsāya ca saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭesu yathānubhūtaṃ attano santānaṃ, tappaṭibaddhañca dhammajātaṃ ‘‘attā, loko’’ti ca anussaritvā tato purimatarāsupi jātīsu tathābhūtassa atthitānuvitakkanamukhena anāgatepi evaṃ bhavissatīti attano bhavissamānānutakkanaṃ, sabbesampi sattānaṃ tathābhāvānutakkanañca katvā sassatābhinivesino jātā, evañca sati sabbopi sassatavādī anussutikajātissaralābhītakkikā viya attano upaladdhavatthunimittena takkanena pavattavādattā takkīpakkheyeva tiṭṭheyya, tathā ca sati visesabhedarahitattā ekovāyaṃ sassatavādo vavatthito bhaveyya, avassañca vuttappakāraṃ takkanamicchitabbaṃ, aññathā visesalābhī sassatavādī ekaccasassatikapakkhaṃ, adhiccasamuppannikapakkhaṃ vā bhajeyyāti? Na kho panetaṃ evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Visesalābhīnañhi khandhasantānassa dīghadīghataraṃ dīghatamakālānussaraṇaṃ sassataggāhassa asādhāraṇakāraṇaṃ. Tathā hi ‘‘anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Imināmahaṃ etaṃ jānāmī’’ti anussaraṇameva padhānakāraṇabhāvena dassitaṃ. Yaṃ pana tassa ‘‘imināmahaṃ etaṃ jānāmī’’ti pavattaṃ takkanaṃ, na taṃ idha padhānaṃ anussaraṇaṃ paṭicca tassa apadhānabhāvato, padhānakāraṇena ca asādhāraṇena niddeso sāsane, lokepi ca niruḷho yathā ‘‘cakkhuviññāṇaṃ yavaṅkuro’’tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ panāyaṃ desanā padhānakāraṇavibhāvinī, tasmā satipi anussavādivasena, takkikānaṃ hīnādivasena ca mandapaññādīnaṃ visesalābhīnaṃ bahudhā bhede aññatarabhedasaṅgahavasena bhagavatā cattāriṭṭhānāni vibhajitvā vavatthitā sassatavādānaṃ catubbidhatā. Na hi, idha sāvasesaṃ dhammaṃ deseti dhammarājāti. Yadevaṃ anussutikādīsupi anussavādīnaṃ padhānabhāvo āpajjatīti? Na tesaṃ aññāya sacchikiriyāya abhāvena takkapadhānattā, ‘‘padhānakāraṇena ca asādhāraṇena niddeso sāsane, lokepi ca niruḷho’’ti vuttovāyamatthoti. Atha vā visesādhigamanimittarahitassa takkanassa sassataggāhe visuṃ kāraṇabhāvadassanatthaṃ visesādhigamo visuṃ sassataggāhakāraṇabhāvena vattabbo, so ca mandamajjhimatikkhapaññāvasena tividhoti tidhā vibhajitvā, sabbatakkino <a name="M1.0402"></a> ca takkībhāvasāmaññato ekajjhaṃ gahetvā catudhā eva vavatthāpito sassatavādo bhagavatāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para35"></a><span class="paranum">35</span>. ‘‘Aññatarenā’’ti etassa atthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ekenā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Aṭṭhānapayuttassa pana <span class="bld">vā</span>-saddassa aniyamatthataṃ sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘dvīhi vā tīhi vā’’</span>ti, tena catūsu vatthūsu yathārahamekaccaṃ ekaccassa paññāpane sahakārīkāraṇanti dasseti. ‘‘Bahiddhā’’ti bāhyatthavācako <a name="V1.0353"></a> kattuniddiṭṭho nipātoti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘bahī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Etthāha – kiṃ panetāni vatthūni attano abhinivesassa hetu, udāhu paresaṃ patiṭṭhāpanassāti. Kiñcettha, yadi tāva attano abhinivesassa hetu, atha kasmā anussaraṇatakkanāniyeva gahitāni, na saññāvipallāsādayo. Tathā hi viparītasaññāayonisomanasikāraasappurisūpanissayaasaddhammassavanādīnipi diṭṭhiyā pavattanaṭṭhena diṭṭhiṭṭhānāni. Atha pana paresaṃ patiṭṭhāpanassa hetu, anussaraṇahetubhūto adhigamo viya, takkanapariyeṭṭhibhūtā yutti viya ca āgamopi vatthubhāvena vattabbo, ubhayathāpi ca yathāvuttassa avasesakāraṇassa sambhavato ‘‘natthi ito bahiddhā’’ti vacanaṃ na yujjatevāti? No na yujjati, kasmā? Abhinivesapakkhe tāva ayaṃ diṭṭhigatiko asappurisūpanissayaasaddhammassavanehi ayoniso ummujjitvā vipallāsasañño rūpādidhammānaṃ khaṇe khaṇe bhijjanasabhāvassa anavabodhato dhammayuttiṃ atidhāvanto ekattanayaṃ micchā gahetvā yathāvuttānussaraṇatakkanehi khandhesu ‘‘sassato attā ca loko cā’’ti (dī. ni. 31) abhinivesaṃ upanesi, iti āsannakāraṇattā, padhānakāraṇattā ca taggahaṇeneva ca itaresampi gahitattā anussaraṇatakkanāniyeva idha gahitāni. Patiṭṭhāpanapakkhe pana āgamopi yuttiyameva ṭhito visesena nirāgamānaṃ bāhirakānaṃ takkaggāhibhāvato, tasmā anussaraṇatakkanāniyeva sassataggāhassa vatthubhāvena gahitāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiñca bhiyyo – duvidhaṃ paramatthadhammānaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ sabhāvalakkhaṇaṃ, sāmaññalakkhaṇañca. Tattha sabhāvalakkhaṇāvabodho paccakkhañāṇaṃ, sāmaññalakkhaṇāvabodho anumānañāṇaṃ. Āgamo ca sutamayāya paññāya sādhanato <a name="M1.0403"></a> anumānañāṇameva āvahati, sutānaṃ pana dhammānaṃ ākāraparivitakkanena nijjhānakkhantiyaṃ ṭhito cintāmayapaññaṃ nibbattetvā anukkamena bhāvanāya paccakkhañāṇaṃ adhigacchatīti evaṃ āgamopi takkanavisayaṃ nātikkamati, tasmā cesa takkaggahaṇena gahitovāti veditabbo. So aṭṭhakathāyaṃ anussutitakkaggahaṇena vibhāvito, evaṃ anussaraṇatakkanehi asaṅgahitassa avasiṭṭhassa kāraṇassa asambhavato yuttamevidaṃ ‘‘natthi ito bahiddhā’’ti vacananti veditabbaṃ. ‘‘Anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadantī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.29), ‘‘sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapentī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.30) ca vacanato pana patiṭṭhāpanavatthūniyeva idha desitāni taṃdesanāya eva abhinivesassāpi sijjhanato. Anekabhedesu hi desitesu yasmiṃ desite tadaññepi desitā siddhā honti, tameva desetīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Abhinivesapatiṭṭhāpanesu ca abhinivese desitepi patiṭṭhāpanaṃ na sijjhati abhinivesassa patiṭṭhāpane aniyamato. Abhinivesinopi hi keci patiṭṭhāpenti<a name="V1.0354"></a>, keci na patiṭṭhāpenti. Patiṭṭhāpane pana desite abhinivesopi sijjhati patiṭṭhāpanassa abhinivese niyamato. Yo hi yattha pare patiṭṭhāpeti, sopi tamabhinivisatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para36"></a><span class="paranum">36</span>. <span class="bld">Tayida</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">ta</span>-saddena ‘‘sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapentī’’ti etassa parāmasananti āha <span class="bld">‘‘taṃ idaṃ catubbidhampi diṭṭhigata’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Tato</span>ti tasmā pakārato jānanattā. Paramavajjatāya anekavihitānaṃ anatthānaṃ kāraṇabhāvato diṭṭhiyo eva ṭhānā <span class="bld">diṭṭhiṭṭhānā.</span> Yathāha ‘‘micchādiṭṭhiparamāhaṃ bhikkhave, vajjaṃ vadāmī’’ti tadevatthaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘diṭṭhiyova diṭṭhiṭṭhānā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Diṭṭhīnaṃ kāraṇampi diṭṭhiṭṭhānameva</span> diṭṭhīnaṃ uppādāya samuṭṭhānaṭṭhena. <span class="bld">‘‘Yathāhā’’</span>tiādi paṭisambhidāpāḷiyā (paṭi. ma. 1.124) sādhanaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">khandhāpi diṭṭhiṭṭhānaṃ</span> ārammaṇaṭṭhena. Vuttañhi ‘‘rūpaṃ attato samanupassatī’’tiādi, (saṃ. ni. 3.81) <span class="bld">avijjāpi</span> upanissayādibhāvena. Yathāha ‘‘assutavā bhikkhave, puthujjano ariyānaṃ adassāvī ariyadhammassa akovido’’tiādi (ma. ni. 1.2; paṭi. ma. 1.131) <span class="bld">phassopi</span> phusitvā gahaṇūpāyaṭṭhena. Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘tadapi phassapaccayā <a name="M1.0404"></a> (dī. ni. 1.118) phussa phussa paṭisaṃvedentī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.144) <span class="bld">saññāpi</span> ākāramattaggahaṇaṭṭhena. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘saññānidānā hi papañcasaṅkhā’’ti (su. ni. 880; mahā. ni. 109) pathaviṃ pathavito saññatvā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.2) ca ādi. <span class="bld">Vitakkopi</span> ākāraparivitakkanaṭṭhena. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘takkañca diṭṭhīsu pakappayitvā, saccaṃ musāti dvayadhammamāhū’’ti, (su. ni. 892; mahāni. 121) ‘‘takkī hoti vīmaṃsī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.34) ca ādi. <span class="bld">Ayoniso manasikāropi</span> akusalānaṃ sādhāraṇakāraṇaṭṭhena. Tenāha ‘‘tassa evaṃ ayoniso manasi karoto channaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ aññatarā diṭṭhi uppajjati. Atthi me attā’ti vā assa saccato thetato diṭṭhiuppajjatī’’tiādi (ma. ni. 1.19) <span class="bld">pāpamittopi</span> diṭṭhānugati āpajjanaṭṭhena. Vuttampi ca ‘‘bāhiraṃ bhikkhave, aṅganti karitvā nāññaṃ ekaṅgampi samanupasssāmi, yaṃ evaṃ mahato anatthāya saṃvattati, yathayidaṃ bhikkhave, pāpamittatā’’tiādi (a. ni. 1.110) <span class="bld">paratoghosopi</span> durakkhātadhammassavanaṭṭhena. Tathā ceva vuttaṃ ‘‘dveme bhikkhave, paccayā micchādiṭṭhiyā uppādāya. Katame dve? Parato ca ghoso, ayoniso ca manasikāro’’tiādi (a. ni. 2.126) parehi sutā, desitā vā desanā <span class="bld">paratoghoso.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Khandhā hetū’’</span>tiādipāḷi tadatthavibhāvinī. Tattha janakaṭṭhena <span class="bld">hetu,</span> upatthambhakaṭṭhena <span class="bld">paccayo. Upādāyā</span>ti upādiyitvā, paṭiccāti attho. <span class="bld">‘‘Uppādāyā’’</span>tipi pāṭho, uppajjanāyāti <a name="V1.0355"></a> attho. Samuṭṭhāti etenāti <span class="bld">samuṭṭhānaṃ,</span> khandhādayo eva. Idha pana samuṭṭhānabhāvoyeva samuṭṭhāna-saddena vutto bhāvalopattā, bhāvappadhānattā ca. <span class="bld">Ādinnā</span> sakasantāne. <span class="bld">Pavattitā</span> saparasantānesu. <span class="bld">Para</span>-saddo abhiṇhatthoti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘punappuna’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Pariniṭṭhāpitā</span>ti ‘‘idameva dassanaṃ saccaṃ, aññaṃ pana moghaṃ tucchaṃ musā’’ti abhinivesassa pariyosānaṃ matthakaṃ pāpitāti attho. <span class="bld">Ārammaṇavasenā</span>ti aṭṭhasu diṭṭhiṭṭhānesu khandhe sandhāyāha. <span class="bld">Pavattanavasenā</span>ti avijjāphassasaññāvitakkāyonisomanasikāre. <span class="bld">Āsevanavasenā</span>ti pāpamittaparatoghose. Yadipi sarūpatthavasena vevacanaṃ, saṅketatthavasena pana evaṃ vattabboti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃvidhaparalokā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Yena kenaci hi visesaneneva vevacanaṃ sātthakaṃ siyā. Paraloko <a name="M1.0405"></a> ca kammavasena abhimukho sampareti gacchati pavattati etthāti <span class="bld">abhisamparāyo</span>ti vuccati. ‘‘Iti kho ānanda, kusalāni sīlāni anupubbena aggāya parentī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 10.2) viya hi curādigaṇavasena <span class="bld">para</span>-saddaṃ gatiyamicchanti saddavidū, ayamettha aṭṭhakathāto aparo nayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Evaṃgatikā</span>ti evaṃgamanā evaṃniṭṭhā, evamanuyuñjanena bhijjananassanapariyosānāti attho. <span class="bld">Gati</span>-saddo cettha ‘‘yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveva gatiyo bhavantī’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.258; 2.33, 35; 3.199, 200; ma. ni. 2.384, 397) viya niṭṭhānattho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – ime diṭṭhisaṅkhātā diṭṭhiṭṭhānā evaṃ paramatthato asantaṃ attānaṃ, sassatabhāvañca tasmiṃ ajjhāropetvā gahitā, parāmaṭṭhā ca samānā bālalapanāyeva hutvā yāva paṇḍitā na samanuyuñjanti, tāva gacchanti, pātubhavanti ca, paṇḍitehi samanuyuñjiyamānā pana anavaṭṭhitavatthukā avimaddakkhamā sūriyuggamane ussāvabindū viya, khajjopanakā viya ca bhijjanti, vinassanti cāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatthāyaṃ anuyuñjane saṅkhepakathā – yadi hi parehi kappito attā loko vā sassato siyā, tassa nibbikāratāya purimarūpāvijahanato kassaci visesādhānassa kātumasakkuṇeyyatāya ahitato nivattanatthaṃ, hite ca paṭipajjanatthaṃ upadeso eva sassatavādino nippayojano siyā, kathaṃ vā tena so upadeso pavattīyati vikārābhāvato. Evañca sati parikappitassa attano ajaṭākāsassa viya dānādikiriyā, hiṃsādikiriyā ca na sambhavati, tathā sukhassa, dukkhassa ca anubhavananibandho eva sassatavādino na yujjati kammabaddhābhāvato. Jātiādīnañca asambhavato vimokkho na bhaveyya, atha pana dhammamattaṃ tassa uppajjati ceva vinassati ca, yassa vasenāyaṃ kiriyādivohāroti vadeyya, evampi <a name="V1.0356"></a> purimarūpāvijahanena avaṭṭhitassa attano dhammamattanti na sakkā sambhāvetuṃ, te vā panassa dhammā avatthābhūtā, tasmā tassa uppannā aññe vā siyuṃ anaññe vā, yadi aññe, na tāhi avatthāhi tassa uppannāhipi koci viseso atthi, yāhi karoti paṭisaṃvedeti cavati uppajjati cāti icchitaṃ, evañca dhammakappanāpi <a name="M1.0406"></a> niratthakā siyā, tasmā tadavattho eva yathāvuttadoso, athānaññe, uppādavināsavantīhi avatthāhi anaññassa attano tāsaṃ viya uppādavināsasabbhāvato kuto bhaveyya niccatāvakāso, tāsampi vā attano viya niccatāpavatti, tasmā bandhavimokkhānaṃ asambhavo evāti na yujjatiyeva sassatavādo, na cettha koci vādī dhammānaṃ sassatabhāve parisuddaṃ yuttiṃ vattuṃ samattho bhaveyya, yuttirahitañca vacanaṃ na paṇḍitānaṃ cittaṃ ārādheti, tenāvocumha ‘‘yāva paṇḍitā na samanuyuñjanti, tāva gacchanti, pātubhavanti cā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sakāraṇaṃ sagatika</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">saha</span>-saddo vijjamānattho ‘‘salomako sapakkhako’’tiādīsu viya, na pana samavāyattho <span class="bld">ca</span>-saddena ‘‘tayidaṃ bhikkhave, tathāgato pajānātī’’ti vuttassa diṭṭhigatassa samuccinitattā, ‘‘tañca tathāgato pajānātī’’ti iminā ca kāraṇagatīnameva pajānanabhāvena vuttattā. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – tayidaṃ bhikkhave, kāraṇavantaṃ gativantaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ tathāgato pajānāti, na kevalañca tadeva, atha kho tassa kāraṇagatisaṅkhātaṃ tañca sabbanti. <span class="bld">‘‘Tato…pe… pajānātī’’</span>ti vuttavākyassa atthaṃ vuttanayena saṃvaṇṇeti <span class="bld">‘‘tato cā’’</span>tiādinā. Sabbaññutaññāṇassevidha vibhajananti pakaraṇānurūpamatthaṃ āha <span class="bld">‘‘sabbaññutaññāṇañcā’’</span>ti, tasmiṃ vā vutte tadadhiṭṭhānato āsavakkhayañāṇaṃ, tadavinābhāvato vā sabbampi dasabalādiñāṇaṃ gahitamevātipi tadeva vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Evaṃvidha</span>nti ‘‘sīlañcā’’tiādinā evaṃvuttappakāraṃ. <span class="bld">Pajānantopī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">pi</span>-saddena, <span class="bld">api</span>-saddena vā ‘‘tañcā’’ti vutta ca-saddassa sambhāvanatthabhāvaṃ dasseti, tena tato diṭṭigatato uttaritaraṃ sārabhūtaṃ sīlādiguṇavisesampi tathāgato nābhinivisati, ko pana vādo vaṭṭāmiseti sambhāveti. <span class="bld">‘‘Aha’’</span>nti diṭṭimānavasena parāmasanākāradassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Pajānāmī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">iti</span>-saddena pakāratthena, nidassanatthena vā. <span class="bld">‘‘Mama’’</span>nti taṇhāvasena parāmasanākāraṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Taṇhādiṭṭhimānaparāmāsavasenā</span>ti taṇhādiṭṭhimānasaṅkhātaparāmāsavasena. Dhammasabhāvamatikkamitvā ‘‘ahaṃ mama’’nti parato abhūtato āmasanaṃ <span class="bld">parāmāso,</span> taṇhādayo eva. Na hi taṃ atthi, yaṃ khandhesu ‘‘aha’’nti vā ‘‘mama’’nti vā gahetabbaṃ siyā, aparāmasato <a name="M1.0407"></a> aparāmasantassa assa tathāgatassa nibbuti viditāti sambandho. <span class="bld">‘‘Aparāmasato’’</span>ti cedaṃ nibbutipavedanāya (nibbutivedanassa dī. ni. ṭī. 1.36) hetugabbhavisesanaṃ<a name="V1.0357"></a>. ‘‘Viditā’’ti padamapekkhitvā kattari sāmivacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Aparāmasato</span> parāmāsarahitapaṭipattihetu assa tathāgatassa kattubhūtassa nibbuti asaṅkhatadhātu viditā, adhigatāti vā attho. ‘‘Aparāmasato’’ti hedaṃ hetumhi nissakkavacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Aparāmāsapaccayā’’</span>ti paccattaññeva pavedanāya kāraṇadassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti kattāraṃ vatvāpi paccattaññevāti visesadassanatthaṃ puna kattuvacananti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sayameva attanāyevā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Sayaṃ, attanā</span>ti vā bhāvanapuṃsakaṃ. Nipātapadañhetaṃ. ‘‘Aparāmasato’’ti vacanato parāmāsānameva nibbuti idha desitā, taṃdesanāya eva tadaññesampi nibbutiyā sijjhanatoti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘tesaṃ parāmāsakilesāna’’</span>nti iminā, parāmāsasaṅkhātānaṃ kilesānanti attho. Apica kāmaṃ ‘‘aparāmasato’’ti vacanato parāmāsānameva nibbuti idha desitāti viññāyati, taṃdesanāya pana tadavasesānampi kilesānaṃ nibbuti desitā nāma bhavati pahānekaṭṭhatādibhāvato, tasmā tesampi nibbuti niddhāretvā dassetabbāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tesaṃ parāmāsakilesāna’’</span>nti, taṇhādiṭṭhimānasaṅkhātānaṃ parāmāsānaṃ, tadaññesañca kilesānanti attho. Gobalībaddanayo hesa. <span class="bld">Nibbutī</span>ti ca nibbāyanabhūtā asaṅkhatadhātu, tañca bhagavā bodhimūleyeva patto, tasmā sā paccattaññeva viditāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yathāpaṭipannenā</span>ti yena paṭipannena. Tappaṭipattiṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tāsaṃyeva…pe… ādimāhā’’</span>ti anusandhidassanaṃ. Kasmā pana vedanānaññeva kammaṭṭhānamācikkhatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yāsū’’</span>tiādi, iminā desanāvilāsaṃ dasseti. Desanāvilāsappatto hi bhagavā desanākusalo khandhāyatanādivasena anekavidhāsu catusaccadesanāsu sambhavantīsupi diṭṭhigatikā vedanāsu micchāpaṭipattiyā diṭṭhigahanaṃ pakkhandāti dassanatthaṃ tathāpakkhandanamūlabhūtā vedanāyeva pariññābhūmibhāvena uddharatīti. <span class="bld">Idhā</span>ti imasmiṃ vāde. Evaṃ <span class="bld">etthā</span>tipi. <span class="bld">Kammaṭṭhāna</span>nti catusaccakammaṭṭhānaṃ. Ettha hi <a name="M1.0408"></a> vedanāgahaṇena gahitā pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhasaccaṃ. Vedanānaṃ samudayaggahaṇena gahito avijjāsamudayo samudayasaccaṃ, atthaṅgamanissaraṇapariyāyehi nirodhasaccaṃ, ‘‘yathābhūtaṃ viditvā’’ti etena maggasaccanti evaṃ cattāri saccāni veditabbāni. ‘‘Yathābhūtaṃ viditvā’’ti idaṃ vibhajjabyākaraṇatthapadanti tadatthaṃ vibhajja dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tatthā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Visesato hi ‘‘avijjāsamudayā vedanāsamudayo’’tiādilakkhaṇānaṃ vasena samudayādīsu attho yathārahaṃ vibhajja dassetabbo. Avisesato pana vedanāya samudayādīni vipassanāpaññāya ārammaṇapaṭivedhavasena, maggapaññāya asammohapaṭivedhavasena jānitvā <a name="V1.0358"></a> paṭivijjhitvāti attho. <span class="bld">Paccayasamudayaṭṭhenā</span>ti ‘‘imasmiṃ sati idaṃ hoti, imassuppādā idaṃ uppajjatī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.404; saṃ. ni. 2.21; udā. 1) vuttalakkhaṇena avijjādīnaṃ paccayānaṃ uppādena ceva maggena asamugghāṭena ca. Yāva hi maggena na samugghāṭīyati, tāva paccayoti vuccati. <span class="bld">Nibbattilakkhaṇa</span>nti uppādalakkhaṇaṃ, jātinti attho. <span class="bld">Pañcannaṃ lakkhaṇāna</span>nti ettha ca catunnampi paccayānaṃ uppādalakkhaṇameva aggahetvā paccayalakkhaṇampi gahetabbaṃ samudayaṃ paṭicca tesaṃ yathārahaṃ upakārakattā. Tathā ceva saṃvaṇṇitaṃ ‘‘maggena asamugghāṭena cā’’ti. <span class="bld">Paccayanirodhaṭṭhenā</span>ti ‘‘imasmiṃ niruddhe idaṃ niruddhaṃ hoti, imassa nirodhā idaṃ nirujjhatī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.406; udā. 3; saṃ. ni. 2.41) vuttalakkhaṇena avijjādīnaṃ paccayānaṃ nirodhena ceva maggena samugghāṭena ca. <span class="bld">Vipariṇāmalakkhaṇa</span>nti nirodhalakkhaṇaṃ, bhaṅganti attho. <span class="bld">Vaya</span>nti nirodhaṃ. <span class="bld">Ya</span>nti yasmā paccayabhāvasaṅkhātahetuto. <span class="bld">Vedanaṃ paṭiccā</span>ti purimuppannaṃ ārammaṇādipaccayabhūtaṃ vedanaṃ labhitvā. <span class="bld">Sukhaṃ somanassa</span>nti sukhañceva somanassañca. <span class="bld">Aya</span>nti purimavedanāya yathārahaṃ pacchimuppannānaṃ sukhasomanassānaṃ paccayabhāvo. <span class="bld">Assādo</span> nāma assāditabboti katvā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo nayo – <span class="bld">ya</span>nti sukhaṃ, somanassañca. <span class="bld">Aya</span>nti ca napuṃsakaliṅgena niddiṭṭhaṃ sukhasomanassameva assādapadamapekkhitvā pulliṅgena niddisīyati, imasmiṃ pana vikappe sukhasomanassānaṃ uppādoyeva tehi uppādavantehi niddiṭṭho, sattiyā, sattimato ca abhinnattā. Na hi sukhasomanassamantarena tesaṃ uppādo labbhati. Iti purimavedanaṃ paṭicca sukhasomanassuppādopi purimavedanāya <span class="bld">assādo</span> nāma assādīyateti katvā<a name="M1.0409"></a>. Ayañhettha saṅkhepattho – purimamuppannaṃ vedanaṃ ārabbha somanassuppattiyaṃ yo purimavedanāya paccayabhāvasaṅkhāto assādetabbākāro, somanassassa vā uppādasaṅkhāto tadassādanākāro, ayaṃ purimavedanāya assādoti. Kathaṃ pana vedanaṃ ārabbha sukhaṃ uppajjati, nanu phoṭṭhabbārammaṇanti? Cetasikasukhasseva ārabbha pavattiyamadhippetattā nāyaṃ doso. Ārabbha pavattiyañhi visesanameva somanassaggahaṇaṃ somanassaṃ sukhanti yathā ‘‘rukkho sīsapā’’ti aññapaccayavasena uppattiyaṃ pana kāyikasukhampi assādoyeva, yathālābhakathā vā esāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Yā vedanā aniccā’’</span>tiādinā sattimatā satti nidassitā. Tatrāyamattho – yā vedanā hutvā abhāvaṭṭhena aniccā, udayabbayapaṭipīḷanaṭṭhena dukkhā, jarāya, maraṇena cāti dvidhā vipariṇāmetabbaṭṭhena vipariṇāmadhammā. Tassā evaṃbhūtāya ayaṃ aniccadukkhavipariṇāmabhāvo <a name="V1.0359"></a> vedanāya sabbāyapiādīnavoti. Ādīnaṃ paramakāruññaṃ vāti pavattati etasmāti hi ādīnavo. Apicaādīnaṃ ativiya kapaṇaṃ pavattanaṭṭhena kapaṇamanusso <span class="bld">ādīnavo,</span> ayampi evaṃsabhāvoti tathā vuccati. Sattimatā hi satti abhinnā tadavinābhāvato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca <span class="bld">‘‘aniccā’’</span>ti iminā saṅkhāradukkhatāvasena upekkhāvedanāya, sabbāsu vā vedanāsuādīnavamāha, <span class="bld">‘‘dukkhā’’</span>ti iminā dukkhadukkhatāvasenadukkhavedanāya, <span class="bld">‘‘vipariṇāmadhammā’’</span>ti iminā vipariṇāmadukkhatāvasena sukhavedanāya. Avisesena vā tīṇipi padāni tissannampi vedanānaṃ vasena yojetabbāni. <span class="bld">Chandarāgavinayo</span>ti chandasaṅkhātarāgavinayanaṃ vināso. ‘‘Atthavasā liṅgavibhattivipariṇāmo’’ti vacanato yaṃ chandarāgappahānanti yojetabbaṃ. Pariyāyavacanamevidaṃ padadvayaṃ. <span class="bld">Yathābhūtaṃ viditvā</span>ti maggassa vuttattā magganibbānavasena vā yathākkamaṃ yojanāpi vaṭṭati. <span class="bld">Vedanāyā</span>ti nissakkavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Nissaraṇa</span>nti nekkhammaṃ. Yāva hi vedanāpaṭibaddhaṃ chandarāgaṃ nappajahati, tāvāyaṃ puriso vedanāya allīnoyeva hoti. Yadā pana taṃ chandarāgaṃ pajahati, tadāyaṃ puriso vedanāya nissaṭo visaṃyutto hoti, tasmā chandarāgappahānaṃ vedanāya nissaraṇaṃ vuttaṃ. Tabbacanena <a name="M1.0410"></a> pana vedanāsahajātanissayārammaṇabhūtā rūpārūpadhammā gahitā eva hontītipi pañcahi upādānakkhandhehi nissaraṇavacanaṃ siddhameva. Vedanāsīsena hi desanā āgatā, tattha pana kāraṇaṃ heṭṭhā vuttameva. Lakkhaṇahāravasenāpi ayamattho vibhāvetabbo. Vuttañhi āyasmatā <span class="bld">mahākaccānattherena</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vuttamhi ekadhamme, ye dhammā ekalakkhaṇā keci;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vuttā bhavanti sabbo, so hāro lakkhaṇo nāmā’’ti. (netti. 485);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kāmupādānamūlakattā sesupādānānaṃ pahīne ca kāmupādāne upādānasesābhāvato <span class="bld">‘‘vigatachandarāgatāya anupādāno’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, etena <span class="bld">‘‘anupādāvimutto’’</span>ti etassatthaṃ saṅkhepena dasseti. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – vigatachandarāgatāya anupādāno, anupādānattā ca anupādāvimuttoti. Tamatthaṃ vitthāretuṃ, samatthetuṃ vā <span class="bld">‘‘yasmi’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">yasmiṃ upādāne</span>ti sesupādānamūlabhūte kāmupādāne. <span class="bld">Tassā</span>ti kāmupādānassa. <span class="bld">Anupādiyitvā</span>ti chandarāgavasena anādiyitvā, etena ‘‘anupādāvimutto’’ti padassa ya-kāralopena samāsabhāvaṃ, byāsabhāvaṃ vā dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para37"></a><span class="paranum">37</span>. <span class="bld">‘‘Ime</span> <a name="V1.0360"></a> <span class="bld">kho’’</span>tiādi yathāpuṭṭhassa dhammassa vissajjitabhāvena nigamanavacanaṃ, ‘‘pajānātī’’ti vuttapajānanameva ca ima-saddena niddiṭṭhanti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ye te’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Ye te</span> sabbaññutaññāṇadhamme…pe… apucchiṃ, yehi sabbaññutaññāṇadhammehi…pe… vadeyyuṃ, tañca…pe… pajānātīti evaṃ niddiṭṭhā ime sabbaññutaññāṇadhammā gambhīrā…pe… paṇḍitavedanīyā cāti veditabbāti yojanā. <span class="bld">‘‘Eva’’</span>ntiādi piṇḍatthadassanaṃ. Tattha kiñcāpi ‘‘anupādāvimutto bhikkhave, tathāgato’’ti iminā aggamaggaphaluppattiṃ dasseti, ‘‘vedanānaṃ, samudayañcā’’tiādinā ca catusaccakammaṭṭhānaṃ. Tathāpi yassā dhammadhātuyā suppaṭividdhattā imaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ sakāraṇaṃ sagatikaṃ pabhedato vibhajituṃ samattho hoti, tassā padaṭṭhānena ceva saddhiṃ pubbabhāgapaṭipadāya uppattibhūmiyā ca tadeva pākaṭataraṃ kattukāmo dhammarājā evaṃ dassetīti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tadeva niyyātita’’</span>nti, nigamitaṃ niṭṭhāpitanti attho<a name="M1.0411"></a>. <span class="bld">Antarā</span>ti pucchitavissajjitadhammadassanavacanānamantarā diṭṭhiyo vibhattā tassa pajānanākāradassanavasenāti attho.</p>
<p class="centered">Paṭhamabhāṇavāravaṇṇanāya līnatthappakāsanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Ekaccasassatavādavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para38"></a><span class="paranum">38</span>. ‘‘Ekaccasassatikā’’ti taddhitapadaṃ samāsapadena vibhāvetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ekaccasassatavādā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Sattesu, saṅkhāresu ca ekaccaṃ sassatametassāti <span class="bld">ekaccasassato,</span> vādo, so etesanti <span class="bld">ekaccasassatikā</span> taddhitavasena, samāsavasena pana ekaccasassato vādo etesanti <span class="bld">ekaccasassatavādā</span>. Esa nayo <span class="bld">ekaccaasassatika</span>padepi. Nanu ca ‘‘ekaccasassatikā’’ti vutte tadaññesaṃ ekaccaasassatikabhāvasanniṭṭhānaṃ siddhamevāti? Saccaṃ atthato, saddato pana asiddhameva tasmā saddato pākaṭataraṃ katvā dassetuṃ tathā vuttaṃ. Na hi idha sāvasesaṃ katvā dhammaṃ deseti dhammassāmī. ‘‘Issaro nicco, aññe sattā aniccā’’ti evaṃpavattavādā <span class="bld">sattekaccasassatikā</span> seyyathāpi issaravādā. Tathā ‘‘nicco brahmā, aññe aniccā’’ti evaṃpavattavādāpi. ‘‘Paramāṇavo niccā, dviaṇukādayo aniccā’’ti (visisikadassane sattamaparicchede paṭhamakaṇḍe passitabbaṃ) evaṃpavattavādā <span class="bld">saṅkhārekaccasassatikā</span> seyyathāpi kāṇādā. Tathā ‘‘cakkhādayo aniccā, viññāṇaṃ nicca’’nti (nyāyadassane, visesikadassane ca passitabbaṃ) evaṃpavattavādāpi<a name="V1.0361"></a>. <span class="bld">Idhā</span>ti ‘‘ekaccasassatikā’’ti imasmiṃ pade, imissā vā desanāya. <span class="bld">Gahitā</span>ti vuttā, desitabbabhāvena vā desanāñāṇena samādinnā tathā ceva desitattā. Tathā hi idha purimakā tayo vādā sattavasena, catuttho saṅkhāravasena desito. <span class="bld">‘‘Saṅkhārekaccasassatikā’’</span>ti idaṃ pana tehi sassatabhāvena gayhamānānaṃ dhammānaṃ yāthāvasabhāvadassanavasena vuttaṃ, na pana ekaccasassatikamatadassanavasena. Tassa hi sassatābhimataṃ asaṅkhatamevāti laddhi. Tenevāha pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘cittanti vā…pe… ṭhassatī’’ti. Na hi yassa sabhāvassa paccayehi abhisaṅkhatabhāvaṃ paṭijānāti, tasseva niccadhuvādibhāvo anummattakena sakkā paṭijānituṃ, etena ca ‘‘uppādavayadhuvatāyuttā sabhāvā siyā niccā, siyā aniccā, siyā <a name="M1.0412"></a> na vattabbā’’tiādinā (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.38) pavattasattabhaṅgavādassa ayuttatā vibhāvitā hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyaṃ ayuttatāvibhāvanā – yadi hi ‘‘yena sabhāvena yo dhammo atthīti vuccati, teneva sabhāvena so dhammo natthī’’ti vucceyya, siyā anekantavādo. Atha aññena, na siyā anekantavādo. Na cettha desantarādisambandhabhāvo yutto vattuṃ tassa sabbalokasiddhattā, vivādābhāvato ca. Ye pana vadanti ‘‘yathā suvaṇṇaghaṭena makuṭe kate ghaṭabhāvo nassati, makuṭabhāvo uppajjati, suvaṇṇabhāvo tiṭṭhatiyeva, evaṃ sabbasabhāvānaṃ koci dhammo nassati, koci dhammo uppajjati, sabhāvo eva tiṭṭhatī’’ti. Te vattabbā ‘‘kiṃ taṃ suvaṇṇaṃ, yaṃ ghaṭe, makuṭe ca avaṭṭhitaṃ, yadi rūpādi, so saddo viya anicco. Atha rūpādisamūho sammutimattaṃ, na tassa atthitā vā natthitā vā niccatā vā labbhatī’’ti, tasmā anekantavādo na siyā. Dhammānañca dhammino aññathānaññathā ca pavattiyaṃ doso vuttoyeva sassatavādavicāraṇāyaṃ. Tasmā so tattha vuttanayena veditabbo. Apica na niccāniccanavattabbarūpo attā, loko ca paramatthato vijjamānatāparijānanato yathā niccādīnaṃ aññataraṃ rūpaṃ, yathā vā dīpādayo. Na hi rūpādīnaṃ udayabbayasabhāvānaṃ niccāniccanavattabbasabhāvatā sakkā viññātuṃ, jīvassa ca niccādīsu aññataraṃ rūpaṃ siyāti, evaṃ sattabhaṅgo viya sesabhaṅgānampi asambhavoyevāti sattabhaṅgavādassa ayuttatā veditabbā (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.38).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca ‘‘ekacce dhammā sassatā, ekacce asassatā’’ti etasmiṃ vāde cakkhādīnaṃ asassatabhāvasanniṭṭhānaṃ yathāsabhāvāvabodho eva, atha evaṃvādīnaṃ kathaṃ micchādassanaṃ siyāti, ko vā evamāha ‘‘cakkhādīnaṃ asassatabhāvasanniṭṭhānaṃ micchādassana’’nti? Asassatesuyeva pana <a name="V1.0362"></a> kesañci dhammānaṃ sassatabhāvasanniṭṭhānaṃ idha micchādassananti gahetabbaṃ, tena pana ekavāde pavattamānena cakkhādīnaṃ asassatabhāvāvabodho vidūsito saṃsaṭṭhabhāvato visasaṃsaṭṭho viya sappipiṇḍo, tato ca tassa sakiccakaraṇāsamatthatāya sammādassanapakkhe ṭhapetabbataṃ nārahatīti. Asassatabhāvena nicchitāpi vā cakkhuādayo <a name="M1.0413"></a> samāropitajīvasabhāvā eva diṭṭhigatikehi gayhantīti tadavabodhassa micchādassanabhāvo na sakkā nivāretuṃ. Tenevāha pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘cakkhuṃ itipi…pe… kāyo itipi ayaṃ attā’’tiādi. Evañca katvā asaṅkhatāya, saṅkhatāya ca dhātuyā vasena yathākkamaṃ ‘‘ekacce dhammā sassatā, ekacce asassatā’’ti evaṃpavatto vibhajjavādopi ekaccasassatavādoyeva bhaveyyāti evampakārā codanā anavakāsā hoti aviparītadhammasabhāvapaṭipattibhāvato. Aviparītadhammasabhāvapaṭipattiyeva hesa vuttanayena asaṃsaṭṭhattā, anāropitajīvasabhāvattā ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāha – purimasmimpisassatavāde asassatānaṃ dhammānaṃ ‘‘sassatā’’ti gahaṇaṃ visesato micchādassanaṃ bhavati. Sassatānaṃ pana ‘‘sassatā’’ti gāho na micchādassanaṃ yathāsabhāvaggāhabhāvato. Evañca sati imassa vādassa vādantaratā na vattabbā, idha viya purimepi ekaccesveva dhammesu sassataggāhasambhavatoti, vattabbāyeva asassatesveva ‘‘kecideva dhammā sassatā, keci asassatā’’ti parikappanāvasena gahetabbadhammesu vibhāgappavattiyā imassa vādassa dassitattā. Nanu ca ekadesassa samudāyantogadhattā ayaṃ sappadesasassataggāho purimasmiṃ nippadesasassataggāhe samodhānaṃ gaccheyyātī? Tathāpi na sakkā vattuṃ vādī tabbisayavisesavasena vādadvayassa pavattattā. Aññe eva hi diṭṭhigatikā ‘‘sabbe dhammā sassatā’’ti abhiniviṭṭhā, aññe ‘‘ekacceva sassatā, ekacce asassatā’’ti. Saṅkhārānaṃ anavasesapariyādānaṃ, ekadesapariggaho ca vādadvayassa paribyattoyeva. Kiñca bhiyyo – anekavidhasamussaye, ekavidhasamussaye ca khandhapabandhena abhinivesabhāvato tathā na sakkā vattuṃ. Catubbidhopi hi sassatavādī jātivisesavasena nānāvidharūpakāyasannissaye eva arūpadhammapuñje sassatābhinivesī jāto abhiññāṇena, anussavādīhi ca rūpakāyabhedagahaṇato. Tathā ca vuttaṃ ‘‘tato cuto amutra udapādi’’nti, (dī. ni. 1.244; ma. ni. 1.148; pārā. 12) ‘‘cavanti upapajjantī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.255; ma. ni. 1.148; pārā. 12) ca ādi. Visesalābhī pana ekaccasassatiko anupadhāritabhedasamussaye dhammapabandhe sassatākāragahaṇena abhinivesaṃ janesi ekabhavapariyāpannakhandhasantānavisayattā tadabhinivesassa. Tathā hi tīsupi vādesu ‘‘taṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati<a name="M1.0414"></a>, tato paraṃ nānussaratī’’ti ettakameva vuttaṃ. Takkīnaṃ pana ubhinnampi <a name="V1.0363"></a> sassatekaccasassatavādīnaṃ sassatābhinivesaviseso rūpārūpadhammavisayatāya supākaṭoyevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para39"></a><span class="paranum">39</span>. Saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyīvivaṭṭavivaṭṭaṭṭhāyīsaṅkhātānaṃ tiṇṇampi asaṅkhyeyyakappānamatikkamena puna saṃvaṭṭanato, addhā-saddassa ca kālapariyāyattā evaṃ vuttanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘dīghassā’’</span>tiādi. Atikkamma ayanaṃ pavattanaṃ <span class="bld">accayo.</span> Anekatthattā dhātūnaṃ, upasaggavasena ca atthavisesavācakattā <span class="bld">saṃ</span>-saddena yutto <span class="bld">vaṭṭa</span>-saddo vināsavācīti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘vinassatī’’</span>ti, <span class="bld">vatu</span>-saddo vā gatiyameva. Saṅkhayatthajotakena pana <span class="bld">saṃ</span>-saddena yuttattā tadatthasambandhanena vināsattho labbhatīti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘vinassatī’’</span>ti iminā. Saṅkhayavasena vattatīti hi saddato attho, ta-kārassa cettha ṭa-kārādeso. Vipattikaramahāmeghasamuppattitto hi paṭṭhāya yāva aṇusahagatopi saṅkhāro na hoti, tāva loko saṃvaṭṭatīti vuccati. Pāḷiyaṃ <span class="bld">loko</span>ti pathavīādibhājanaloko adhippeto tadavasesassa bāhullato, tadeva sandhāya ‘‘yebhuyyenā’’ti vuttanti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘ye’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Uparibrahmalokesū</span>ti ābhassarabhūmito uparibhūmīsu. Agginā kappavuṭṭhānañhi idhādhippetaṃ, tenevāha pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘ābhassarasaṃvattanikā hontī’’ti. Kasmā tadeva vuttanti ce? Tasseva bahulaṃ pavattanato. Ayañhi vāraniyamo –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sattasattagginā vārā, aṭṭhame aṭṭhame dakā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Catusaṭṭhi yadā puṇṇā, eko vāyuvaro siyā’’ti. (abhidhammatthavibhāvanīṭīkāya pañcamaparicchedavaṇṇanāyampi);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Āruppesu vā</span>ti ettha vikappanatthena <span class="bld">vā</span>-saddena saṃvaṭṭamānalokadhātūhi aññalokadhātūsu vāti vikappeti. Na hi sabbe apāyasattā tadā rūpārūpabhavesu uppajjantīti sakkā viññātuṃ apāyesu dīghatarāyukānaṃ manussalokūpapattiyā asambhavato, manussalokūpapattiñca vinā tadā tesaṃ tatrūpapattiyā anupapattito. Niyatamicchādiṭṭhikopi hi saṃvaṭṭhamāne kappe nirayato na muccati, piṭṭhicakkavāḷeyeva nibbattatīti <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāsu</span> (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.311) vuttaṃ. Satipi sabbasattānaṃ puññāpuññābhisaṅkhāramanasā nibbattabhāve bāhirapaccayehi vinā manasāva nibbattattā <a name="M1.0415"></a> rūpāvacarasattā eva ‘‘manomayā’’ti vuccanti, na pana bāhirapaccayapaṭiyattā tadaññeti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘manena nibbattattā manomayā’’</span>ti āha. Yadevaṃ kāmāvacarasattānampi opapātikānaṃ manomayabhāvo āpajjatīti? Nāpajjati, adhicittabhūtena atisayamanasā nibbattasattesuyeva manomayavohāratoti dassentena jhāna-saddena visesetvā <a name="V1.0364"></a> <span class="bld">‘‘jhānamanenā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Evampi arūpāvacarasattānaṃ manomayabhāvo āpajjatīti? Na tattha bāhirapaccayehi nibbattetabbatāsaṅkāya abhāvena manasā eva nibbattāti avadhāraṇāsambhavato. Niruḷhovāyaṃ loke manomayavohāro rūpāvacarasattesu. Tathā hi annamayo pānamayo manomayo ānandamayo viññāṇamayoti pañcadhā attānaṃ vedavādino parikappenti. Ucchedavādepi vakkhati ‘‘dibbo rūpī manomayo’’ti, (dī. ni. 1.87) te pana jhānānubhāvato pītibhakkhā sayaṃpabhā antalikkhacarāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘pīti tesa’’</span>ntiādi, tesaṃ attanova pabhā atthīti attho. Sobhanā vā ṭhāyī sabhā etesanti <span class="bld">subhaṭṭhāyino</span>tipi yujjati. <span class="bld">Ukkaṃsenā</span>ti ābhassare sandhāya vuttaṃ. Parittābhāppamāṇābhā pana dve, cattāro ca kappe tiṭṭhanti. <span class="bld">Aṭṭha kappe</span>ti catunnamasaṅkhyeyyakappānaṃ samudāyabhūte aṭṭha mahākappe.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para40"></a><span class="paranum">40</span>. Vināsavācīyeva <span class="bld">vaṭṭa</span>-saddo paṭisedhajotakena upasaggena yuttattā saṇṭhāhanatthañāpakoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘saṇṭhātī’’</span>ti, anekatthattā vā dhātūnaṃ nibbattati, vaḍḍhatīti vā attho. Sampattimahāmeghasamuppattito hi paṭṭhāya pathavīsandhārakudakataṃsandhārakavāyuādīnaṃ samuppattivasena yāva candimasūriyānaṃ pātubhāvo, tāva loko vivaṭṭatīti vuccati. <span class="bld">Pakatiyā</span>ti sabhāvena, tassa ‘‘suñña’’nti iminā sambandho. Tathāsuññatāya kāraṇamāha <span class="bld">‘‘nibbattasattānaṃ natthitāyā’’</span>ti. Purimataraṃ aññesaṃ sattānamanuppannattāti bhāvo, tena yathā ekaccāni vimānāni tattha nibbattasattānaṃ chaḍḍitattā suññāni, na evamidanti dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo nayo – sakakammassa paṭhamaṃ karaṇaṃ <span class="bld">pakati,</span> tāya nibbattasattānanti sambandho, tena yathā etassa attano kammabalena paṭhamaṃ nibbatti, na evaṃ aññesaṃ tassa purimataraṃ, samānakāle vā nibbatti atthi, tathā <a name="M1.0416"></a> nibbattasattānaṃ natthitāya suññamidanti dasseti. Brahmapārisajjabrahmapurohitamahābrahmāno idha <span class="bld">brahmakāyikā,</span> tesaṃ nivāsatāya bhūmipi <span class="bld">‘‘brahmakāyikā’’</span>ti vuttā, <span class="bld">brahmakāyikabhūmī</span>ti pana pāṭhebrahmakāyikānaṃ sambandhinī bhūmīti attho. <span class="bld">Kattā</span> sayaṃ kārako. <span class="bld">Kāretā</span> paresaṃ āṇāpako. <span class="bld">Visuddhimagge</span> pubbenivāsañāṇakathāyaṃ (visuddhi. 2.408) <span class="bld">vuttanayena,</span> etena nibbattakkamaṃ kammapaccayautusamuṭṭhānabhāve ca kāraṇaṃ dasseti. Kammaṃ upanissayabhāvena paccayo etissāti <span class="bld">kammapaccayā.</span> Atha vā tattha nibbattasattānaṃ vipaccanakakammassa sahakārīkārakabhāvato kammassa paccayāti <span class="bld">kammapaccayā.</span> Utu samuṭṭhānametissāti <span class="bld">utusamuṭṭhānā.</span> ‘‘Kammapaccayautusamuṭṭhānā’’tipi samāsavasena pāṭho kammasahāyo paccayo, vuttanayena vā kammassa sahāyabhūto paccayoti <span class="bld">kammapaccayo,</span> so eva utu tathā, sova samuṭṭhānametissāti <span class="bld">kammapaccayautusamuānā. Ratanabhūmī</span>ti ukkaṃsagatapuññakammānubhāvato <a name="V1.0365"></a> ratanabhūtā bhūmi, na kevalaṃ bhūmiyeva, atha kho tapparivārāpīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘pakatī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Pakatinibbattaṭṭhāne</span>ti purimakappesu purimakānaṃ nibbattaṭṭhāne. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti ‘‘brahmavimāna’’nti vuttāya brahmakāyikabhūmiyā. Sāmaññavisesavasena cetaṃ ādhāradvayaṃ. Kathaṃ paṇītāya dutiyajjhānabhūmiyā ṭhitānaṃ hīnāya paṭhamajjhānabhūmiyā upapatti hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘atha sattāna’’</span>ntiādi, nikantivasena paṭhamajjhānaṃ bhāvetvāti vuttaṃ hoti, pakatiyā sabhāvena nikanti taṇhā uppajjatīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Vasitaṭṭhāne</span>ti vutthapubbaṭṭhāne. <span class="bld">Tato otarantī</span>ti upapattivasena dutiyajjhānabhūmito paṭhamajjhānabhūmiṃ apasakkanti, gacchantīti attho. <span class="bld">Appāyuke</span>ti yaṃ uḷārapuññakammaṃ kataṃ, tassa upajjanārahavipākapabandhato appaparimāṇāyuke. <span class="bld">Tassa devalokassā</span>ti tasmiṃ devaloke, nissayavasena vā sambandhaniddeso. <span class="bld">Āyuppamāṇenevā</span>ti paramāyuppamāṇeneva. <span class="bld">Paritta</span>nti appakaṃ. <span class="bld">Antarāva cavantī</span>ti rājakoṭṭhāgāre pakkhittataṇḍulanāḷi viya puññakkhayā hutvā sakakammappamāṇena tassa devalokassa paramāyuantarā eva cavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiṃ panetaṃ paramāyu nāma, kathaṃ vā taṃ paricchinnappamāṇanti? Vuccate – yo tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tasmiṃ tasmiṃ bhavavisese vipākappabandhassa ṭhitikālaniyamo <a name="M1.0417"></a> purimasiddhabhavapatthanūpanissayavasena sarīrāvayavavaṇṇasaṇṭhānappamāṇādivisesā viya taṃtaṃgatinikāyādīsu yebhuyyena niyataparicchedo hoti, gabbhaseyyakakāmāvacaradevarūpāvacarasattānaṃ sukkasoṇitādiutubhojanādiutuādipaccayuppannapaccayūpatthambhito ca, so āyuhetukattā kāraṇūpacārena āyu, ukkaṃsaparicchedavasena paramāyūti ca vuccati. Yathāsakaṃ khaṇamattāvaṭṭhāyīnampi hi attanā sahajātānaṃ rūpārūpadhammānaṃ ṭhapanākāravuttitāya pavattakāni rūpārūpajīvitindriyāni na kevalaṃ nesaṃ khaṇaṭṭhitiyā eva kāraṇabhāvena anupālakāni, atha kho yāva bhaṅgupacchedā [bhavaṅgupacchedā (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.40)] anupabandhassa avicchedahetubhāvenāpi. Tasmā cesa āyuhetukoyeva, taṃ pana devānaṃ, nerayikānañca yebhuyyena niyataparicchedaṃ, uttarakurukānaṃ pana ekantaniyataparicchedameva. Avasiṭṭhamanussapetatiracchānagatānaṃ pana ciraṭṭhitisaṃvattanikakammabahule kāle taṃkammasahitasantānajanitasukkasoṇitapaccayānaṃ, tammūlakānañca candimasūriyasamavisamaparivattanādijanitautuāhārādisamavisamapaccayānaṃ vasena cirācirakālatāya aniyataparicchedaṃ, tassa ca yathā purimasiddhabhavapatthanāvasena taṃtaṃgatinikāyādīsu vaṇṇasaṇṭhānādivisesaniyamo siddho, dassanānussavādīhi tathāyeva ādito gahaṇasiddhiyā, evaṃ tāsu tāsu upapattīsu nibbattasattānaṃ <a name="V1.0366"></a> yebhuyyena samappamāṇaṃ ṭhitikālaṃ dassanānussavehi labhitvā taṃ paramataṃ ajjhosāya pavattitabhavapatthanāvasena ādito paricchedaniyamo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā pana kammaṃ tāsu tāsu upapattīsu yathā taṃtaṃupapattinissitavaṇṇādinibbattane samatthaṃ, evaṃ niyatāyuparicchedāsu upapattīsu paricchedātikkamena vipākanibbattane samatthaṃ na hoti, tasmā vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘āyuppamāṇeneva cavantī’’</span>ti. Yasmā pana upatthambhakapaccayasahāyehi anupālakapaccayehi upādinnakakkhandhānaṃ pavattetabbākāro atthato paramāyukassa hoti yathāvuttaparicchedānatikkamanato, tasmā satipi kammāvasese ṭhānaṃ na sambhavati, tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘attano puññabalena ṭhātuṃ na sakkontī’’</span>ti. ‘‘Āyukkhayā vā puññakkhayā vā ābhassarakāyā cavitvā’’ti vacanato panettha kāmāvacaradevānaṃ viya <a name="M1.0418"></a> brahmakāyikānampi yebhuyyeneva niyatāyuparicchedabhāvo veditabbo. Tathā hi devalokato devaputtā āyukkhayena puññakkhayena āhārakkhayena kopenāti catūhi kāraṇehi cavantīti <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāsu</span> (dha. pa. aṭṭha. 1.appamādavagge) vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Kappaṃ vā upaḍḍhakappaṃ vā</span>ti ettha asaṅkhyeyyakappo adhippeto, so ca tathārūpo kāloyeva, <span class="bld">vā</span>-saddo pana kappassa tatiyabhāgaṃ vā tato ūnamadhikaṃ vāti vikappanattho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para41"></a><span class="paranum">41</span>. <span class="bld">Anabhiratī</span>ti ekakavihārena anabhiramaṇasaṅkhātā aññehi samāgamicchāyeva. Tattha ‘‘ekakassa dīgharattaṃ nivasitattā’’ti pāḷiyaṃ vacanatoti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘aparassāpī’’</span>tiādi. Evamanvayamatthaṃ dassetvā nanu ukkaṇṭhitāpi siyāti codanāsodhanavasena byatirekaṃ dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘yā panā’’</span>tiādinā. Piyavatthuvirahena, piyavatthualābhena vā cittavigghāto <span class="bld">ukkaṇṭhitā,</span> sā panatthato domanassacittuppādova, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘paṭighasampayuttā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Sā brahmaloke natthi</span> jhānānubhāvapahīnattā. Taṇhādiṭṭhisaṅkhātā cittassa purimāvatthāya ubbijjanā phandanā eva idha <span class="bld">paritassanā. </span> Sā hi dīgharattaṃ jhānaratiyā ṭhitassa yathāvuttānabhiratinimittaṃ uppannā ‘‘ahaṃ mama’’nti gahaṇassa ca kāraṇabhūtā. Tena vakkhati ‘‘taṇhātassa nāpi diṭṭhitassanāpi vaṭṭatī’’ti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.41) nanu vuttaṃ atthuddhāre imaṃyeva pāḷiṃ nīharitvā ‘‘aho vata aññepi sattā itthattaṃ āgaccheyyunti ayaṃ taṇhātassanā nāmā’’ti? Saccaṃ, taṃ pana diṭṭhitassanāya visuṃ udāharaṇaṃ dassentena taṇhātassanameva tato niddhāretvā vuttaṃ, na pana ettha diṭṭhitassanāya alabbhamānattāti na doso. Idāni samānasaddavacanīyānaṃ atthānamuddharaṇaṃ katvā idhādhippetaṃ vibhāvetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sā panesā’’</span>tiādimāha. Paṭighasaṅkhāto cittutrāso eva <span class="bld">tāsatassanā.</span> Evamaññatthāpi yathārahaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Jātiṃ paṭiccā’’</span>tiādi vibhaṅgapāḷi, (vibha. 921) tatrāyamatthakathā <a name="V1.0367"></a> – <span class="bld">jātiṃ paṭicca bhaya</span>nti jātipaccayā uppannabhayaṃ. <span class="bld">Bhayānaka</span>nti ākāraniddeso. <span class="bld">Chambhitatta</span>nti bhayavasena gattakampo, visesato hadayamaṃsacalanaṃ. <span class="bld">Lomahaṃso</span>ti lomānaṃ haṃsanaṃ, bhittiyaṃ nāgadantānamiva uddhaggabhāvo, iminā padadvayena kiccato bhayaṃ dassetvā puna <span class="bld">cetaso utrāso</span>ti sabhāvato dassitanti. <span class="bld">Ṭīkāyaṃ pana</span> ‘‘bhayānakanti bheravārammaṇanimittaṃ balavabhayaṃ, tena sarīrassa thaddhabhāvo chambhitatta’’nti <a name="M1.0419"></a> (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.41) vuttaṃ, aneneva bhayanti ettha khuddakabhayaṃ dassitaṃ, <span class="bld">iti</span> ettha payoge <span class="bld">ayaṃ</span> tassanāti evaṃ sabbattha attho. <span class="bld">Paritassitavipphanditamevā</span>ti ettha ‘‘diṭṭhisaṅkhātena ceva taṇhāsaṅkhātena ca paritassitena vipphanditameva calitameva kampitamevā’’ti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.105-117) aṭṭhakathāyamatthaṃ vakkhati. Tena viññāyati labbhamānampi taṇhātassanamantarena diṭṭhitassanāyeva nihaṭāti. <span class="bld">‘‘Tepī’’</span>tiādi sīhopamasuttantapāḷi (a. ni. 4.33) tattha <span class="bld">tepī</span>ti dīghāyukā devāpi. <span class="bld">Bhaya</span>nti bhaṅgānupassanāpariciṇṇante sabbasaṅkhārato bhāyanavasena uppannaṃ bhayañāṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Saṃvega</span>nti sahottappañāṇaṃ, ottappameva vā. <span class="bld">Santāsa</span>nti ādīnavanibbidānupassanāhi saṅkhārehi santāsanañāṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Upapattivasenā</span>ti paṭisandhivaseneva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sahabyata</span>nti sahāyabhāvamiccheva saddato attho sahabya-saddassa sahāyatthe pavattanato. So hi saha byāyati pavattati, dosaṃ vā paṭicchādetīti <span class="bld">sahabyo</span>ti vuccati, tassa bhāvo <span class="bld">sahabyatā.</span> Sahāyabhāvo pana sahabhāvoyeva nāmāti adhippāyato atthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sahabhāva’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Sasādhanasamavāyattho vā <span class="bld">saha</span>-saddo adhikiccapade adhisaddo viya, tasmā saha ekato vattamānassa bhāvo <span class="bld">sahabyaṃ</span> yathā ‘‘dāsabya’’nti tadeva sahabyatā, sakatthavuttivasena imamevatthaṃ sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘sahabhāva’’</span>nti. Apica saha vāti pavattatīti <span class="bld">sahavo,</span> tassa bhāvo <span class="bld">sahabyaṃ</span> yathā ‘‘vīrassa bhāvo vīriya’’nti, tadeva <span class="bld">sahabyatā</span>ti evaṃ vimānaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (vi. va. aṭṭha. 172) vuttaṃ, tasmā tadatthaṃ dassetuṃ evaṃ vuttantipi daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para42"></a><span class="paranum">42</span>. Ime satte abhibhavitvāti seso. Abhibhavanā cettha pāpasabhāvena jeṭṭhabhāvena ‘‘te satte abhibhavitvā ṭhito’’ti attano maññanāyevāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘jeṭṭhakohamasmī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Aññadatthū</span>ti dassane antarāyābhāvavacanena, <span class="bld">daso</span>ti ettha dassaneyyavisesapariggahābhāvena ca anāvaraṇadassāvitaṃ paṭijānātīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sabbaṃ passāmīti attho’’</span>ti. Dassaneyyavisesassa hi padesabhūtassa aggahaṇe sati gahetabbassa nippadesatā viññāyati yathā ‘‘dikkhito na <a name="M1.0420"></a> dadātī’’ti, deyyadhammavisesassa cettha padesabhūtassa aggahaṇato pabbajito sabbampi na dadātīti gahetabbassa deyyadhammassa nippadesatā viññāyati. Evamīdisesu. Vase vattemīti <span class="bld">vasavattī.</span> <a name="V1.0368"></a> Ahaṃ-saddayogato hi sabbattha amhayogena vacanattho. Sattabhājanabhūtassa lokassa nimmātā cāti sambandho. <span class="bld">‘‘Pathavī’’</span>tiādi cettha bhājanalokavasena adhippāyakathanaṃ. <span class="bld">Sajitā</span>ti racitā, vibhajitā vā, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘tvaṃ khattiyo nāmā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Ciṇṇavasitāyā</span>ti samāciṇṇapañcavidhavasibhāvato. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti bhūtabhabyesu. <span class="bld">Antovatthimhī</span>ti antogabbhāsaye. <span class="bld">Paṭhamacittakkhaṇe</span>ti paṭisandhicittakkhaṇe. <span class="bld">Dutiyato</span>ti paṭhamabhavaṅgacittakkhaṇato. <span class="bld">Paṭhamairiyāpathe</span>ti yena paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhāti, tasmiṃ iriyāpathe. Iti atītavasena, bhūta-saddassa vattamānavasena ca bhabya-saddassa attho dassito. <span class="bld">Ṭīkāyaṃ</span> (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.42) pana bhabya-saddattho anāgatavasenāpi vutto. Ahesunti hi bhūtā. Bhavanti, bhavissanti cāti bhabyā tabbānīyā viya ṇyapaccayassa kattaripi pavattanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Issaro kattā nimmātā’’ti vatvāpi puna ‘‘mayā ime sattā nimmitā’’ti vacanaṃ kimatthiyanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘idāni kāraṇavasenā’’</span>tiādi [kāraṇato (aṭṭhakathāyaṃ)] kāraṇavasena sādhetukāmatāya paṭiññākaraṇatthanti vuttaṃ hoti. Nanu cesa brahmā anavaṭṭhitadassanattā puthujjanassa purimatarajātiparicitampi kammassakatāñāṇaṃ vissajjetvā vikubbaniddhivasena cittuppādamattapaṭibaddhena sattanimmānena vipallaṭṭho ‘‘mayā ime sattā nimmitā’’tiādinā issarakuttadassanaṃ pakkhandamāno abhinivisanavasena patiṭṭhito, na pana patiṭṭhāpanavasena. Atha kasmā kāraṇavasena sādhetukāmo paṭiññaṃ karotīti vuttanti? Na cevaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tesampi hi ‘‘evaṃ hotī’’tiādinā pacchā uppajjantānampi tathāabhinivesassa vakkhamānattā paresaṃ patiṭṭhāpanakkameneva tassa so abhiniveso jāto, na tu abhinivisanamattena, tasmā evaṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tenevāha ‘‘taṃ kissa hetū’’tiādi. Pāḷiyaṃ <span class="bld">manaso paṇidhī</span>ti manaso patthanā, tathā cittuppattimattamevāti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Itthabhāva</span>nti idappakārabhāvaṃ. Yasmā pana so pakāro brahmattabhāvoyevidhādhippeto, tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘brahmabhāva’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Ayaṃ pakāro <span class="bld">itthaṃ,</span> tassa <a name="M1.0421"></a> bhāvo <span class="bld">itthatta</span>nti hi nibbacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Kevala</span>nti kammassakatāñāṇena asammissaṃ suddhaṃ. <span class="bld">Maññanāmattenevā</span>ti diṭṭhimaññanāmatteneva, na adhimānavasena. <span class="bld">Vaṅkachiddena vaṅkaāṇī viya onamitvā</span> vaṅkaladdhikena vaṅkaladdhikā onamitvā <span class="bld">tasseva</span> brahmuno <span class="bld">pādamūlaṃ gacchanti,</span> taṃpakkhakā bhavantīti attho. Nanu ca devānaṃ upapattisamanantaraṃ ‘‘imāya nāma gatiyā cavitvā iminā nāma kammunā idhūpapannā’’ti paccavekkhaṇā hoti, atha kasmā tesaṃ evaṃ maññanā siyāti? Purimajātīsu kammassakatāñāṇe sammadeva niviṭṭhajjhāsayānameva tathāpaccavekkhaṇāya pavattito. Tādisānameva hi tathāpaccavekkhaṇā <a name="V1.0369"></a> sambhavati, sā ca kho yebhuyyavasena, ime pana purimāsupi jātīsu issarakuttadiṭṭhivasena nibaddhābhinivesā evameva maññamānā ahesunti. Tathā hi pāḷiyaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘iminā maya’’ntiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para43"></a><span class="paranum">43</span>. Īsati abhibhavatīti <span class="bld">īso,</span> mahanto īso <span class="bld">maheso,</span> suppatiṭṭhitamahesatāya parehi ‘‘maheso’’ iti akkhāyatīti <span class="bld">mahesakkho,</span> mahesakkhānaṃ atisayena mahesakkhoti <span class="bld">mahesakkhataro</span>ti vacanattho. So pana mahesakkhatarabhāvo ādhipateyyaparivārasampattiyā kāraṇabhūtāya viññāyatīti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘issariyaparivāravasena mahāyasataro’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para44"></a><span class="paranum">44</span>. Kiṃ panetaṃ kāraṇanti anuyogenāha <span class="bld">‘‘so tato’’</span>tiādi, tena ‘‘itthattaṃ āgacchatī’’ti vuttaṃ idhāgamanameva kāraṇanti dasseti. <span class="bld">Idheva āgacchatī</span>ti imasmiṃ manussaloke eva paṭisandhivasena āgacchati. <span class="bld">Eta</span>nti ‘‘ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ bhikkhave, vijjatī’’ti vacanaṃ. Pāḷiyaṃ <span class="bld">yaṃ aññataro satto</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">ya</span>nti nipātamattaṃ, kāraṇatthe vā esa nipāto, hetumhi vā paccattaniddeso, yena ṭhānenāti attho, kiriyāparāmasanaṃ vā etaṃ. ‘‘Itthattaṃ āgacchatī’’ti ettha yadetaṃ itthattassa āgamanasaṅkhātaṃ ṭhānaṃ, tadetaṃ vijjatīti attho. Esa na so <span class="bld">pabbajati, cetosamādhiṃ phusati, pubbenivāsaṃ anussatī</span>ti etesupi padesu. ‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ bhikkhave, vijjati, yaṃ aññataro satto’’ti hi imāni padāni ‘‘pabbajatī’’tiādīhipi padehi paccekaṃ yojetabbāni. Na gacchatīti <span class="bld">agāraṃ,</span> gehaṃ, agārassa hitaṃ <span class="bld">āgāriyaṃ,</span> kasigorakkhādikammaṃ, tamettha natthīti <span class="bld">anāgāriyaṃ,</span> pabbajjā, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘agārasmā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Pa</span>-saddena visiṭṭho <span class="bld">vaja</span>-saddo upasaṅkamaneti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘upagacchatī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Para</span>nti <a name="M1.0422"></a> pacchā, atisayaṃ vā, aññaṃ pubbenivāsantipi attho. ‘‘Na saratī’’ti vutteyeva ayamattho āpajjatīti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘saritu’’</span>ntiādinā. <span class="bld">Apassanto</span>ti pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇena apassanahetu, passituṃ asakkonto hutvātipi vaṭṭati. Māna-saddo viya hi anta-saddo idha sāmatthiyattho. <span class="bld">Sadābhāvato</span>ti sabbadā vijjamānattā. <span class="bld">Jarāvasenāpī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">pi</span>-saddena maraṇavasenāpīti sampiṇḍeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para45"></a><span class="paranum">45</span>. Khiḍḍāpadosinoti kattuvasena padasiddhi, khiḍḍāpadosikāti pana sakatthavuttivasena, saddamanapekkhitvā pana atthameva dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘khiḍḍāyā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. ‘‘Khiḍḍāpadosakā’’ti vā vattabbe i-kārāgamavasena evaṃ vuttaṃ. Padussanaṃ vā <span class="bld">padoso,</span> khiḍḍāya padoso <span class="bld">khiḍḍāpadoso,</span> so etesanti <span class="bld">khiḍḍāpadosikā. ‘‘Padūsikātipi pāḷiṃ likhantī’’</span>ti aññanikāyikānaṃ pamādalekhataṃ dasseti<a name="V1.0370"></a>. Mahāvihāravāsīnikāyikānañhi vācanāmaggavasena ayaṃ saṃvaṇṇanā pavattā. Apica tena potthakāruḷhakāle pamādalekhaṃ dasseti. Tampi hi padatthasodhanāya aṭṭhakathāya sodhitaniyāmeneva gahetabbaṃ, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘sā aṭṭhakathāyaṃ natthī’’</span>ti. Velaṃ atikkantaṃ <span class="bld">ativelaṃ,</span> taṃ. Bhāvanapuṃsakañcetaṃ, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘aticira’’</span>nti, āhārūpabhogakālaṃ atikkamitvāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Ratidhamma</span>-saddo hassakhiḍḍā-saddehi paccekaṃ yojetabbo ‘‘hassakhiḍḍāsu ratidhammo ramaṇasabhāvo’’ti. Hasanaṃ <span class="bld">hasso,</span> keḷihasso. Kheḍanaṃ kīḷanaṃ <span class="bld">khiḍḍā,</span> kāyikavācasikakīḷā. Anuyogavasena taṃsamāpannāti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘hassaratidhammañcevā’’</span>tiādi. Kīḷā yesaṃ te <span class="bld">keḷino,</span> tesaṃ hasso tathā. Kīḷāhassapayogena uppajjanakasukhañcettha <span class="bld">keḷihassasukhaṃ.</span> Tadavasiṭṭhakīḷāpayogena uppajjanakaṃ <span class="bld">kāyikavācasikakīḷāsukhaṃ.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Te kirā’’</span>tiādi vitthāradassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Kira</span>-saddo hettha vitthārajotakoyeva, na tu anussavanāruciyādijotako tathāyeva pāḷiyaṃ, aṭṭhakathāsu ca vuttattā. <span class="bld">Sirivibhavenā</span>ti sarīrasobhaggādisiriyā, parivārādisampattiyā ca. <span class="bld">Nakkhatta</span>nti chaṇaṃ. Yebhuyyena hi nakkhattayogena katattā tathāyogo vā hotu, mā vā, nakkhattamicceva vuccati. <span class="bld">Āhāra</span>nti ettha ko devānamāhāro, kā ca tesamāhāravelāti? Sabbesampi kāmāvacaradevānaṃ sudhāhāro. Dvādasapāpadhammavigghātena <a name="M1.0423"></a> hi sukhassa dhāraṇato devānaṃ bhojanaṃ ‘‘sudhā’’ti vuccati. Sā pana setā saṅkhūpamā atulyadassanā suci sugandhā piyarūpā. Yaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">sudhābhojanajātake</span> vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Saṅkhūpamaṃ seta’matulyadassanaṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Suciṃ sugandhaṃ piyarūpa’mabbhutaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Adiṭṭhapubbaṃ mama jātu cakkhubhi,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kā devatā pāṇisu kiṃ sudho’dahī’’ti. (jā. 2.21.227);</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhuttā ca sā dvādasahanti pāpake,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Khuddaṃ pipāsaṃ aratiṃ daraklamaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Kodhūpanāhañca vivādapesuṇaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sītuṇha tandiñca rasuttamaṃ ida’’nti ca. (jā. 2.21.229);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sā ca heṭṭhimehi heṭṭhimehi uparimānaṃ uparimānaṃ paṇītatamā hoti, taṃ yathāsakaṃ parimitadivasavasena <a name="V1.0371"></a> divase divase bhuñjanti. Keci pana vadanti ‘‘biḷārapadappamāṇaṃ sudhāhāraṃ te bhuñjanti, so jivhāya ṭhapitamatto yāva kesagganakhaggā kāyaṃ pharati, yathāsakaṃ gaṇitadivasavasena satta divase yāpanasamattho hotī’’ti. Kecivāde panettha <span class="bld">biḷārapada</span>-saddo suvaṇṇasaṅkhātassa saṅkhyāvisesassa vācako. Pamāṇato pana udumbaraphalappamāṇaṃ, yaṃ pāṇitalaṃ kabaḷaggahantipi vuccati. Vuttañhi <span class="bld">madhukose</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pāṇirakkho picu cāpi, suvaṇṇakamudumbaraṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Biḷārapadakaṃ pāṇi-talaṃ taṃ kabaḷaggaha’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Nirantaraṃ khādantāpi pivantāpī’’</span>ti idaṃ parikappanāvasena vuttaṃ, na pana evaṃ niyamavasena tathā khādanapivanānamaniyamabhāvato. <span class="bld">Kammajatejassa balavabhāvo</span> uḷārapuññanibbattattā, uḷāragarusiniddhasudhāhārajīraṇato ca. <span class="bld">Karajakāyassa mandabhāvo</span> pana sukhumālabhāvato. Teneva hi bhagavā indasālaguhāyaṃ pakatipathaviyaṃ patiātuṃ asakkontaṃ sakkaṃ devarājānaṃ ‘‘oḷārikaṃ kāyaṃ adhiṭṭhehī’’ti avoca. Manussānaṃ pana kammajatejassa mandabhāvo, karajakāyassa balavabhāvo ca vuttaviparītena veditabbo. <span class="bld">Karajakāyo</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">ko</span> vuccati sarīraṃ, tattha pavatto. Rajo <a name="M1.0424"></a> <span class="bld">karajo,</span> kiṃ taṃ? Sukkasoṇitaṃ. Tañhi ‘‘rāgo rajo na ca pana reṇu vuccatī’’ti (mahāni. 209; cūḷani. 74) evaṃ vuttarāgarajaphalattā sarīravācakena ka-saddena visesetvā kāraṇavohārena ‘‘karajo’’ti vuccati. Tena sukkasoṇitasaṅkhātena karajena sambhūto kāyo karajakāyoti ācariyā. Tathā hi kāyo mātāpettikasambhavoti vutto. <span class="bld">Mahāassapūrasuttantaṭīkāyaṃ</span> pana ‘‘karīyati gabbhāsaye khipīyatīti karo, sambhavo, karato jātoti karajo, mātāpettikasambhavoti attho. Mātuādīnaṃ saṇṭhāpanavasena karato hatthato jātoti karajoti apare. Ubhayathāpi karajakāyanti catusantatirūpamāhā’’ti vuttaṃ. Karoti putte nibbattetīti karo, sukkasoṇitaṃ, tena jāto karajotipi vadanti. Tathā asambhūtopi ca devādīnaṃ kāyo tabbohārena <span class="bld">‘‘karajakāyo’’</span>ti vuccati yathā ‘‘pūtikāyo, jarasiṅgālo’’ti. <span class="bld">Tesa</span>nti manussānaṃ. <span class="bld">Acchayāgu</span> nāma pasannā akasaṭā yāgu. <span class="bld">Vatthu</span>nti karajakāyaṃ. <span class="bld">Ekaṃ āhāravela</span>nti ekadivasamattaṃ, kesañci matena pana sattāhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ anvayato byatirekato ca dassetvā upamāvasenapi tamāvikaronto <span class="bld">‘‘yathā nāmā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Tattapāsāṇe</span>ti accuṇhapāsāṇe. Rattasetapadumato avasiṭṭhaṃ <span class="bld">uppalaṃ. Akathāya</span>nti <a name="V1.0372"></a> mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ. <span class="bld">Avisesenā</span>ti ‘‘devāna’’nti avisesena, devānaṃ kammajatejo balavā hoti, karajaṃ mandanti vā kammajatejakarajakāyānaṃ balavamandatāsaṅkhāta kāraṇasāmaññena. Tadetañhi kāraṇaṃ sabbesampi devānaṃ samānameva, tasmā sabbepi devā gahetabbāti vuttaṃ hoti. Kabaḷīkārabhūtaṃ sudhāhāraṃ upanissāya jīvantīti <span class="bld">kabaḷīkārāhārūpajīvino. Kecī</span>ti abhayagirivāsino. <span class="bld">‘‘Khiḍḍāpadussanamatteneva hete khiḍḍāpadosikāti vuttā’’</span>ti ayaṃ pāṭho <span class="bld">‘‘teyeva cavantīti veditabbā’’</span>ti etassānantare paṭhitabbo tadanusandhikattā. Ayañhetthānusandhi – yadi sabbepi evaṃ karontā kāmāvacaradevā caveyyuṃ, atha kasmā ‘‘khiḍḍāpadosikā’’ti nāmavisesena bhagavatā vuttāti? Vicāraṇāya evamāhāti, etena imamatthaṃ dasseti ‘‘sabbepi devā evaṃ cavantāpi khiḍḍāya padussanasabhāvamattaṃ pati nāmavisesena <a name="M1.0425"></a> tathā vuttā’’ti. Yadeke vadeyyuṃ ‘‘kecivādapatiṭṭhāpakoyaṃ pāṭho’’ti, tadayuttameva iti-saddantarikattā, ante ca tassa avijjamānattā. Atthikehi pana tassa kecivādasamavarodhanaṃ ante itisaddo yojetabboti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para47-48"></a><span class="paranum">47-48</span>. Manopadosinoti kattuvasena padasiddhi, manopadosikāti ca sakatthavuttivasena, atthamattaṃ pana dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘manenā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Manopadosakā’’</span>ti vā vattabbe i-kārāgamavasena evaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Manenā</span>ti issāpakatattā paduṭṭhena manasā. Aparo nayo – usūyanavasena manasā padoso <span class="bld">manopadoso,</span> vināsabhūto so etesamatthīti <span class="bld">manopadosikā</span>ti. ‘‘Te aññamaññamhi paduṭṭhacittā kilantakāyā kilantacittā te devā tamhā kāyā cavantī’’ti vacanato <span class="bld">‘‘ete cātumahārājikā’’</span>ti āha. Manena padussanamatteneva hete manopadosikāti vuttā. <span class="bld">‘‘Tesu kirā’’</span>tiādi vitthāro. <span class="bld">Rathena vīthiṃ paṭipajjatī</span>ti upalakkhaṇamattaṃ aññehi aññatthāpi paṭipajjanasambhavato. <span class="bld">Eta</span>nti attano sampattiṃ. <span class="bld">Uddhumāto viyā</span>ti pītiyā karaṇabhūtāya unnato viya. <span class="bld">Bhijjamāno viyā</span>ti tāya bhijjanto viya, pītiyā vā kattubhūtāya bhañjito viya. <span class="bld">Kuddhā nāma suvijānanā honti,</span> tasmā <span class="bld">kuddhabhāvamassa ñatvā</span>ti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Akuddho rakkhatī</span>ti kuddhassa so kodho itarasmiṃ akujjhante anupādāno ceva ekavāramattaṃ uppattiyā anāsevano ca hutvā cāvetuṃ na sakkoti, udakantaṃ patvā aggi viya nibbāyati, tasmā akuddho itaraṃ cavanato rakkhati. Ubhosu pana kuddhesu bhiyyo bhiyyo aññamaññamhi parivaḍḍhanavasena tikhiṇasamudācāro nissayadahanaraso kodho uppajjamāno hadayavatthuṃ nidahanto accantasukhumālakarajakāyaṃ vināseti, tato sakalopi attabhāvo antaradhāyati<a name="V1.0373"></a>, tamatthaṃ dassetumāha <span class="bld">‘‘ubhosu panā’’</span>tiādi. Tathā cāha pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘te aññamaññamhi paduṭṭhacittā kilantakāyā kilantacittā te devā tamhā kāyā cavantī’’ti. <span class="bld">Ekassa kodho itarassa paccayo hoti, tassapi kodho itarassa paccayo hotī</span>ti ettha kodhassa bhiyyo bhiyyo parivaḍḍhanāya eva paccayabhāvo veditabbo, na cavanāya nissayadahanarasena attanoyeva kodhena hadayavatthuṃ nidahantena accantasukhumālassa <a name="M1.0426"></a> karajakāyassa cavanato. <span class="bld">Kandantānaṃyeva orodhāna</span>nti anādaratthe sāmivacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Ayamettha dhammatā</span>ti ayaṃ tesaṃ karajakāyamandatāya, tathāuppajjanakassa ca kodhassa balavatāya ṭhānaso cavanabhāvo etesu devesu rūpārūpadhammānaṃ dhammaniyāmo sabhāvoti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para49-52"></a><span class="paranum">49-52</span>. <span class="bld">Cakkhādīnaṃ bhedaṃ passatī</span>ti virodhipaccayasannipāte vikārāpattidassanato, ante ca adassanūpagamanato vināsaṃ passati oḷārikattā rūpadhammabhedassa. <span class="bld">Paccayaṃ datvā</span>ti anantarapaccayādivasena paccayasattiṃ datvā, paccayo hutvāti vuttaṃ hoti, tasmā na passatīti sambandho, balavatarampi samānaṃ iminā kāraṇena na passatīti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Balavatara</span>nti ca cittassa lahutarabhedaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tathā hi ekasmiṃ rūpe dharanteyeva soḷasa cittāni bhijjanti. <span class="bld">Cittassa bhedaṃ na passatī</span>ti ettha khaṇe khaṇe bhijjantampi cittaṃ parassa anantarapaccayabhāveneva bhijjati, tasmā purimacittassa abhāvaṃ paṭicchādetvā viya pacchimacittassa uppattito bhāvapakkho balavataro pākaṭova hoti, na abhāvapakkhoti idaṃ kāraṇaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘cittaṃ panā’’tiādi vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ayañcattho alābhacakkanidassanena dīpetabbo. Yasmā pana takkīvādī nānattanayassa duravadhānatāya, ekattanayassa ca micchāgahitattā ‘‘yadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ sabbadāpi evarūpena pavattati, ayaṃ me attā nicco’’tiādinā abhinivesaṃ janesi, tasmā tamatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘so taṃ apassanto’’</span>tiādinā saha upamāya vibhāveti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Antānantavādavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para53"></a><span class="paranum">53</span>. Antānantasahacarito vādo <span class="bld">antānanto</span> yathā ‘‘kuntā pacarantī’’ti, antānantasannissayo vā yathā ‘‘mañcā ukkuṭṭhiṃ karontī’’ti, so etesanti <span class="bld">antānantikā</span>ti atthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘antānantavādā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Vuttanayena antānantasahacarito, tannissayo vā, antānantesu vā pavatto vādo etesanti <span class="bld">antānantavādā.</span> Idāni ‘‘antavā ayaṃ loko’’tiādinā vakkhamānapāṭhānurūpaṃ atthaṃ vibhajanto <span class="bld">‘‘antaṃ vā’’</span>tiādimāha. Amati gacchati <a name="V1.0374"></a> bhāvo osānametthāti hi <span class="bld">anto,</span> mariyādā<a name="M1.0427"></a>, tappaṭisedhanena <span class="bld">ananto.</span> Anto ca ananto ca antānanto ca nevantanānanto ca <span class="bld">antānanto</span> tveva vutto sāmaññaniddesena, ekasesenavā ‘‘nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatana’’ntiādīsu (ma. ni. 3.126; saṃ. ni. 2.1; udā. 1) viya. Catutthapadañhettha tatiyapadena samānatthanti antānantapadeneva yathāvuttanayadvayena catudhā attho viññāyati. Kassa panāyaṃ antānantoti? Lokīyati saṃsāranissaraṇatthikehi diṭṭhigatikehi avapassīyati, lokiyanti vā ettha tehi puññāpuññāni, tabbipāko cāti ‘‘loko’’ti saṅkhyaṃ gatassa attano. Tenāha pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘antānantaṃ lokassa paññapentī’’ti. Ko paneso attāti? Jhānavisayabhūtaṃ kasiṇanimittaṃ. Ayañhi diṭṭhigatiko paṭibhāganimittaṃ cakkavāḷapariyantaṃ, apariyantaṃ vā vaḍḍhanavasena, tadanussavādivasena ca tattha lokasaññī viharati, tathā ca aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vakkhati ‘‘taṃ ‘loko’ti gahetvā’’ti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.54-60) keci pana vadanti ‘‘jhānaṃ, taṃsampayuttadhammā ca idha attā, lokoti ca gahitā’’ti, taṃ aṭṭhakathāya na sameti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāha – yuttaṃ tāva purimānaṃ tiṇṇampi vādīnaṃ antānantikattaṃ antañca anantañca antānantañca ārabbha pavattavādattā, pacchimassa pana takkikassa tadubhayapaṭisedhanavasena pavattavādattā kathaṃ antānantikattanti? Tadubhayapaṭisedhanavasena pavattavādattā eva. Antānantapaṭisedhanavādopi hi so antānantavisayoyeva tamārabbha pavattattā. Etadatthameva hi sandhāya aṭṭhakathāyaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘antaṃ vā antantaṃ vā antānantaṃ vā nevantānānantaṃ vā ārabbha pavattavādā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Atha vā yathā tatiyavāde desapabhedavasena ekasseva lokassa antavatā, anantavatā ca sambhavati, evamettha takkīvādepi kālapabhedavasena ekasseva tadubhayasambhavato aññamaññapaṭisedhena tadubhayaññeva vuccati, dvinnampi ca paṭisedhānaṃ pariyudāsatā. Kathaṃ? Antavantapaṭisedhena hi anantavā vuccati, anantavantapaṭisedhena ca antavā. Dvipaṭisedho hi pakatiyatthañāpako. Iti paṭisedhanavasena antānantasaṅkhātassa ubhayassa vuttattā yuttoyeva tabbisayassa pacchimassāpi antānantikabhāvoti. Yadevaṃ so antānantikavādabhāvato tatiyavādasamavarodheyeva siyāti? Na, kālapabhedassa adhippetattā. Desapabhedavasena hi antānantiko tatiyavādī viya pacchimopi <a name="M1.0428"></a> takkiko kālapabhedavasena antānantiko hoti. Kathaṃ? Yasmā ayaṃ lokasaññito attā ananto kadā ci sakkhidiṭṭhoti adhigatavisesehi mahesīhi anusuyyati, tasmā nevantavā. Yasmā panāyaṃ antavā kadāci, sakkhidiṭṭhoti tehiyeva anusuyyati, tasmā nānantavāti. Ayaṃ takkiko avaḍḍhitabhāvapubbakattā paṭibhāganimittānaṃ vaḍḍhitabhāvassa ubhayathā labbhamānassa parikappitassa attano appaccakkhakāritāya <a name="V1.0375"></a> anussavādimatte ṭhatvā vaḍḍhitakālavasena ‘‘nevantavā’’ti paṭikkhipati, avaḍḍhitakālavasena pana ‘‘nānantavā’’ti, na pana antatānantatānaṃ accantamabhāvena yathā taṃ ‘‘nevasaññānāsaññā’’ti. Yathā cānussutikatakkino, evaṃ jātissaratakkiādīnampi vasena yathāsambhavaṃ yojetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci pana yadi panāyaṃ attā antavā, evaṃ sati dūradese upapajjanānussaraṇādikiccanibbatti na siyā. Atha anantavā, evañca idha ṭhitasseva devalokanirayādīsu sukhadukkhānubhavanaṃ siyā. Sace pana antavā ceva anantavā ca, evampi tadubhayadosasamāyogo siyā. Tasmā ‘‘antavā, anantavā’’ti ca abyākaraṇīyo attāti evaṃ takkanavasena catutthavādappavattiṃ vaṇṇenti. Yadi panesa vuttanayena antānantiko bhaveyya, atha kasmā ‘‘ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu ‘antavā ayaṃ loko parivaṭumo’ti, tesaṃ musā’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.57) tassa purimavādattayapaṭikkhepo vuttoti? Purimavādattayassa tena yathādhippetappakāravilakkhaṇabhāvato. Teneva hi kāraṇena tathā paṭikkhepo vutto, na pana tassa antānantikattābhāvena, na ca pariyantarahitadiṭṭhivācāhi paṭikkhepena, avassañcetaṃ evameva ñātabbaṃ. Aññathā hesa amarāvikkhepapakkhaññeva bhajeyya catutthavādo. Na hi antatāanantatātadubhayavinimutto attano pakāro atthi, takkīvādī ca yuttimaggakoyeva. Kālabhedavasena ca ekasmimpi loke tadubhayaṃ no na yujjatīti. Bhavatu tāva pacchimavādīdvayassa antānantikabhāvo yutto antānantānaṃ vasena ubhayavisayattā tesaṃ vādassa. Kathaṃ pana purimavādīdvayassa paccekaṃ antānantikabhāvo yutto siyā <a name="M1.0429"></a> ekekavisayattā tesaṃ vādassāti? Vuccate – samudāye pavattamāna-saddassa avayavepi upacāravuttito. Samuditesu hi antānantavādīsu pavattamāno antānanti ka-saddo tattha niruḷhatāya tadavayavesupi paccekaṃ antānantikavādīsu pavattati yathā ‘‘arūpajjhānesu paccekaṃ aṭṭhavimokkhapariyāyo’’, yathā ca ‘‘loke sattāsayo’’ti. Atha vā abhinivesato purimakāle pavattavitakkavasena ayaṃ tattha vohāro kato. Tesañhi diṭṭhigatikānaṃ tathārūpacetosamādhisamadhigamato pubbakāle ‘‘antavā nu kho ayaṃ loko, udāhu anantavā’’ti ubhayākārāvalambino vitakkassa vasena niruḷho antānantikabhāvo pacchā visesalābhena tesu antānantavādesu ekasseva vādassa saṅgahe uppannepi purimasiddharuḷhiyā vohārīyati yathā ‘‘sabbe sattā maraṇadhammā’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.133) arahati sattapariyāyo, yathā ca bhavantaragatepi maṇḍūkādivohāroti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para54-60"></a><span class="paranum">54-60</span>. Paṭibhāganimittavaḍḍhanāya <a name="V1.0376"></a> heṭṭhā, upari, tiriyañca cakkavāḷapariyantagatāgatavasena antānantabhāvoti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘paṭibhāganimitta’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ. Nti paṭibhāganimittaṃ. <span class="bld">Uddhamadho avaḍḍhetvā tiriyaṃ vaḍḍhetvā</span>ti etthāpi ‘‘cakkavāḷapariyantaṃ katvā’’ti adhikāravasena yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Vuttanayenā</span>ti ‘‘takkayatīti takkī’’tiādinā (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.34) saddato, ‘‘catubbidho takkī’’tiādinā (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.34) atthato ca sassatavāde vuttanayena. <span class="bld">Diṭṭhapubbānusārenā</span>ti dassanabhūtena viññāṇena upaladdhapubbassa antavantādino anussaraṇena, evañca katvā anussutitakkīsuddhatakkīnampi idha saṅgaho siddho hoti. Atha vā diṭṭhaggahaṇeneva ‘‘naccagītavāditavisūkadassanā’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.10, 194) viya sutādīnampi gahitabhāvo veditabbo. ‘‘Antavā’’tiādinā icchitassa attano sabbadābhāvaparāmasanavaseneva imesaṃ vādānaṃ pavattanato sassatadiṭṭhisaṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘satteva ucchedadiṭṭhiyo, sesā sassatadiṭṭhiyo’’ti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.97, 98).</p>
<p class="subhead">Amarāvikkhepavādavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para61"></a><span class="paranum">61</span>. <span class="bld">Na</span> <a name="M1.0430"></a> <span class="bld">maratī</span>ti ‘‘evamevā’’ti sanniṭṭhānābhāvena na upacchijjati, anekantikāyeva hotīti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Pariyantarahitā</span>ti osānavigatā, aniṭṭhaṅgatāti attho. <span class="bld">Vividho</span>ti ‘‘evampi me no’’tiādinā nānappakāro. <span class="bld">Khepo</span>ti sakavādena paravādānaṃ khipanaṃ. Ko paneso amarāvikkhepoti? Tathāpavatto diṭṭhippadhāno tādisāya vācāya samuṭṭhāpako cittuppādoyeva. Amarāya diṭṭhiyā, vācāya ca vikkhipanti, vividhamapanentīti vā <span class="bld">amarāvikkhepino,</span> teyeva ‘‘amarāvikkhepikā’’tipi yujjati. <span class="bld">‘‘Macchajāti’’</span> cceva avatvā <span class="bld">‘‘ekā’’</span>ti vadanto macchajātiviseso esoti dasseti. <span class="bld">Ito cito ca sandhāvati</span> ekasmiṃ sabhāve anavaṭṭhānato. Yathā <span class="bld">gāhaṃ na upagacchati,</span> tathā sandhāvanato, etena amarāya vikkhepo tathā, so viyāti <span class="bld">amarāvikkhepo</span>ti atthamāha ‘‘sā ummujjananimujjanādivasenā’’tiādinā vikkhepapadatthena upamitattā. Ayameva hi attho ācariyasāriputtattherenāpi <span class="bld">sāratthadīpaniyaṃ</span> (sārattha. ṭī. 1.tatiyasaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā) vutto. Amarā viya vikkhepo amarāvikkhepoti keci. Atha vā amarā viya vikkhipantīti <span class="bld">amarāvikkhepino,</span> teyeva <span class="bld">amarāvikkhepikā. </span></p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para62"></a><span class="paranum">62</span>. Vikkhepavādino uttarimanussadhamme, abyākatadhamme ca (akusaladhammepi dī. ni. ṭī. 1.62) sabhāvabhedavasena paṭivijjhituṃ ñāṇaṃ natthīti kusalākusalapadānaṃ kusalākusalakammapathavaseneva <a name="V1.0377"></a> attho vutto. <span class="bld">Vighāto</span> vihesā kāyikadukkhaṃ ‘‘vippaṭisāruppattiyā’’ti domanassassa hetubhāvena vacanato, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘dukkhaṃ bhaveyyā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Musāvāde</span>ti nimitte bhummavacanaṃ, nissakkatthe vā. Musāvādahetu, musāvādato vā ottappena ceva hiriyā cāti attho. Kīdisaṃ amarāvikkhepamāpajjatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘apariyantavikkhepa’’</span>nti, tena amarāsadisavikkhepasaṅkhātaṃ dutiyanayaṃ nivatteti. Yathāvutte hi nayadvaye paṭhamanayavasenāyamattho dassito, dutiyanayavasena pana amarāsadisavikkhepaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘idaṃ kusalanti puṭṭho’’tiādivacanaṃ vakkhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Evantipi me no’’</span>ti yaṃ tayā puṭṭhaṃ, taṃ evantipi me laddhi no hotīti attho. Evaṃ sabbattha yathārahaṃ. <span class="bld">Aniyamitavikkhepo</span>ti sassatādīsu ekasmimpi <a name="M1.0431"></a> pakāre aṭṭhatvā vikkhepakaraṇaṃ, paravādinā yasmiṃ kismiñci pakāre pucchite tassa paṭikkhepavikkhepoti vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā apariyantavikkhepadassanaṃyeva aṭṭhakathāyaṃ kataṃ ‘‘evantipi me noti aniyamitavikkhepo’’tiādinā, ‘‘idaṃ kusalanti vā akusalanti vā puṭṭho’’tiādinā ca. ‘‘Evantipi me no’’tiādinā hi aniyametvā, niyametvā ca sassatekaccasassatucchedatakkīvādānaṃ paṭisedhanena taṃ taṃ vādaṃ paṭikkhipateva apariyantavikkhepavādattā. ‘‘Amarāvikkhepino’’ti dassetvā attanā pana anavaṭṭhitavādattā na kismiñci pakkhe avatiṭṭhatīti imamatthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sayaṃ pana idaṃ…pe… na byākarotī’’</span>ti āha. Idāni kusalādīnaṃ abyākaraṇena tadeva anavaṭṭhānaṃ vibhāveti <span class="bld">‘‘idaṃ kusalanti puṭṭho’’</span>tiādinā. Tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘ekasmimpi pakkhe na tiṭṭhatī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Kiṃ no noti te laddhī</span>ti neva na hotīti tava laddhi hoti kinti attho. <span class="bld">No notipi me no</span>ti neva na hotītipi me laddhi no hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para63"></a><span class="paranum">63</span>. Attano paṇḍitabhāvavisayānaññeva rāgādīnaṃ vasena yojanaṃ kātuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ajānantopī’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Sahasā</span>ti anupadhāretvā vegena. <span class="bld">‘‘Bhadramukhā</span>ti paṇḍitānaṃ samudāciṇṇamālapanaṃ, sundaramukhāti attho. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tasmiṃ byākaraṇe, nimitte cetaṃ bhummaṃ. Chandarāgapadānaṃ samānatthabhāvepi vikappanajotakena <span class="bld">vā</span>-saddena yogyattā gobalībaddādinayena bhinnatthatāva yuttāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘chando dubbalarāgo,</span> <span class="bld">rāgo balavarāgo’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Dosapaṭighesu</span>pi eseva nayo. <span class="bld">Ettakampi nāmā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">api</span>-saddo sampiṇḍane vattati, <span class="bld">nāma</span>-saddo garahāyaṃ. Na kevalaṃ ito uttaritarameva, atha kho ettakampi na jānāmi nāma, pageva taduttarijānaneti attho. Parehi katasakkārasamānavisayānaṃ pana rāgādīnaṃ vasena ayaṃ yojanā – kusalākusalaṃ yathābhūtaṃ <a name="V1.0378"></a> apajānantopi yesamahaṃ samavāyena kusalameva ‘‘kusala’’nti, akusalameva ‘‘akusala’’nti ca byākareyyaṃ, tesu tathā byākaraṇahetu ‘‘aho vata re paṇḍito’’ti sakkārasammānaṃ karontesu mama chando vā rāgo vā assāti. <span class="bld">Dosapaṭighesu</span>pi vuttavipariyāyena yojetabbaṃ. ‘‘Taṃ mamassa upādānaṃ, so mamassa vighāto’’ti idaṃ abhidhammanayena (dha. sa. 1219 ādayo) yathālābhavacanaṃ yathāsambhavaṃ yojetabbanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘chandarāgadvaya’’</span>ntiādi. Taṇhādiṭṭhiyo <a name="M1.0432"></a> eva hi ‘‘upādāna’’nti abhidhamme vuttā (dha. sa. 1219 ādayo) idāni suttantanayena avisesayojanaṃ dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘ubhayampi vā’’</span>tiādinā. Suttante hi dosopi ‘‘upādāna’’nti vutto ‘‘kodhupādānavinibandhā vighātaṃ āpajjantī’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.63) <span class="bld">‘‘ubhayampī’’</span>ti ca atthato vuttaṃ, na saddato catunnampi saddānamatthadvayavācakattā. <span class="bld">Daḷhaggahaṇa</span>nti amuñcanaggahaṇaṃ. Paṭighopi hi ārammaṇaṃ na muñcati upanāhādivasena pavattanato, lobhasseva upādānabhāvena pākaṭattā dosassāpi upādānabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ idaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Vihananaṃ</span> vihiṃsanaṃ vibādhanaṃ. Rāgopi hi pariḷāhavasena sāraddhavuttitāya nissayaṃ vihanati. <span class="bld">‘‘Rāgo hī’’</span>tiādinā rāgadosānaṃ upādānabhāve visesadassanamukhena tadatthasamatthanaṃ. Vināsetukāmatāya ārammaṇaṃ gaṇhātīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Itī</span>ti tasmā gahaṇavihananato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para64"></a><span class="paranum">64</span>. Paḍati sabhāvadhamme jānāti, yathāsabhāvaṃ vā gacchatīti <span class="bld">paṇḍā,</span> sā yesaṃ te paṇḍitāti atthaṃ dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘paṇḍiccenā’’</span>tiādinā. Paṇḍitassa bhāvo <span class="bld">paṇḍiccaṃ,</span> paññā. Yena hi dhammena pavattinimittabhūtena yutto ‘‘paṇḍito’’ti vuccati, soyeva dhammo <span class="bld">paṇḍiccaṃ.</span> Tena sutacintāmayapaññā vuttā tāsameva visayabhāvato. Samāpattilābhino hi bhāvanāmayapaññā. ‘‘Nipuṇā’’ti iminā pana kammanibbattaṃ paṭisandhipaññāsaṅkhātaṃ sābhāvikañāṇaṃ vuttanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘saṇhasukhumabuddhino’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Atthantara</span>nti atthanānattaṃ, atthameva vā. <span class="bld">‘‘Viññātaparappavādā’’</span>ti etena <span class="bld">kata</span>-saddassa kiriyāsāmaññavācakattā ‘‘katavijjo’’tiādīsu viya kata-saddo ñāṇānuyuttataṃ vadatīti dasseti. <span class="bld">‘‘Katavādaparicayā’’</span>ti etena pana ‘‘katasippo’’tiādīsu viya samudāciṇṇavādataṃ. Ubhinnamantarā pana samuccayadvayena sāmaññaniddesaṃ, ekasesaṃ vāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Vālavedhīnaṃ rūpaṃ sabhāvo viya rūpametesanti <span class="bld">vālavedhirūpā</span>ti āha <span class="bld">‘‘vālavedhidhanuggahasadisā’’</span>ti. Satadhā bhinnassa vālaggassa aṃsukoṭivedhakadhanuggahasadisāti attho. Tādisoyeva hi <span class="bld">‘‘vālavedhī’’</span>ti adhippeto. <span class="bld">Maññe</span>-saddo upamājotakoti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘bhindantā viyā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Paññāgatenā</span>ti paññāpabhedena, paññāya eva vā. Samanuyuñjanā laddhiyā pucchā. Samanugāhanā taṃkāraṇassāti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘kiṃ kusala’’</span>ntiādinā. Samanubhāsanāpi <a name="V1.0379"></a> ovādavasena samanuyuñjanāyevāti āha <a name="M1.0433"></a> <span class="bld">‘‘samanuyuñjeyyu’’</span>nti. ‘‘Na sampāyeyya’’nti ettha da-kārassa ya-kārādesataṃ, eyya-saddassa ca sāmatthiyatthataṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘na sampādeyya’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para65-66"></a><span class="paranum">65-66</span>. Mandā atikkhā paññā yassāti <span class="bld">mandapañño,</span> tenāha ‘‘apaññassevetaṃ nāma’’nti. ‘‘Mohamūho’’ti vattabbe ha-kāralopena <span class="bld">‘‘momūho’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, tañca atisayatthadīpakaṃ pariyāyadvayassa atirekatthabhāvatoti yathā ‘‘padaṭṭhāna’’nti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘atisammūḷho’’</span>ti. Siddhe hi sati punārambho niyamāya vā hoti, atthantaraviññāpanāya vā. Yathā pubbe kammunā āgato, tathā idhāpīti <span class="bld">tathāgato,</span> satto. Ettha ca kāmaṃ purimānampi tiṇṇaṃ kusalādidhammasabhāvānavabodhato attheva mandabhāvo, tesaṃ pana attano kusalādidhammānavabodhassa avabodhanato viseso atthīti. Pacchimoyeva tadabhāvato mandamomūhabhāvena vutto. Nanu ca pacchimassāpi attano dhammānavabodhassa avabodho atthiyeva ‘‘atthi paro loko’ti iti ce me assa, ‘atthi paro loko’ti iti te naṃ byākareyyaṃ, evantipi me no’’tiādivacanatoti? Kiñcāpi atthi, na pana tassa purimānaṃ viya apariññātadhammabyākaraṇanimittamusāvādādibhāyanajigucchanākāro atthi, atha kho mahāmūḷhoyevāti tathāvesa vutto. Atha vā ‘‘evantipi me no’’tiādinā pucchāya vikkhepakaraṇatthaṃ ‘‘atthi paro loko’’ti iti ce maṃ pucchasīti pucchāṭhapanameva tena dassīyati, na attano dhammānavabodhāvabodhoti ayameva visesena ‘‘mando momūho’’ti vutto. Teneva hi tathāvādīnaṃ sañcayaṃ belaṭṭhaputtaṃ ārabbha ‘‘ayañca imesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ sabbabālo sabbamūḷho’’ti (dī. ni. 1.181) vuttaṃ. Tattha ‘‘atthi paro loko’’ti sassatadassanavasena, sammādiṭṭhivasena vā pucchā. Yadi hi diṭṭhigatiko sassatadassanavasena puccheyya, yadi ca sammādiṭṭhiko sammādassanavasenāti dvidhāpi attho vaṭṭati. ‘‘Natthi paro loko’’ti natthikadassanavasena, sammādiṭṭhivasena vā, ‘‘atthi ca natthi ca paro loko’’ti ucchedadassanavasena, sammādiṭṭhivasena vā, ‘‘nevatthi na natthi paro loko’’ti vuttapakārattayapaṭikkhepe sati pakārantarassa asambhavato atthitānatthitāhi na vattabbākāro paro lokoti vikkhepaññeva purakkhārena<a name="M1.0434"></a>, sammādiṭṭhivasena vā pucchā. Sesacatukkattayepi vuttanayānusārena attho veditabbo. Puññasaṅkhārattiko viya hi kāyasaṅkhārattikena purimacatukkasaṅgahito eva attho sesacatukkattayena sattaparāmāsapuññādisaphalatācodanānayena (attaparāmāsapuññādiphalatācodanānayena dī. ni. ṭī. 1.65, 66) saṅgahito. Ettha hi tatiyacatukkena <a name="V1.0380"></a> puññādikammasaphalatāya, sesacatukkattayena ca sattaparāmāsatāya codanānayo vuttoti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Amarāvikkhepiko pana sassatādīnaṃ attano aruccanatāya sabbattha ‘‘evantipi me no’’tiādinā vikkhepaññeva karoti. Tattha ‘‘evantipi me no’’tiādi tattha tattha pucchitākārapaṭisedhanavasena vikkhepākāradassanaṃ. Kasmā pana vikkhepavādino paṭikkhepova sabbattha vutto. Nanu vikkhepapakkhassa ‘‘evameva’’nti anujānanampi vikkhepapakkhe avaṭṭhānato yuttarūpaṃ siyāti? Na, tatthāpi tassa sammūḷhattā, paṭikkhepavaseneva ca vikkhepavādassa pavattanato. Tathā hi sañcayo belaṭṭhaputto raññā ajātasattunā sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ puṭṭho paralokatthitādīnaṃ paṭisedhanamukheneva vikkhepaṃ byākāsi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāha – nanu cāyaṃ sabbopi amarāvikkhepiko kusalādayo dhamme, paralokatthitādīni ca yathābhūtaṃ anavabujjhamāno tattha tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭho pucchāya vikkhepanamattaṃ āpajjati, atha tassa kathaṃ diṭṭhigatikabhāvo siyā. Na hi avattukāmassa viya pucchitatthamajānantassa vikkhepakaraṇamattena diṭṭhigatikatā yuttāti? Vuccate – na heva kho pucchāya vikkhepakaraṇamattena tassa diṭṭhigatikatā, atha kho micchābhinivesavasena. Sassatābhinivesavasena hi micchābhiniviṭṭhoyeva puggalo mandabuddhitāya kusalādidhamme, paralokatthitādīni ca yāthāvato appaṭibujjhamāno attanā aviññātassa atthassa paraṃ viññāpetumasakkuṇeyyatāya musāvādabhayena ca vikkhepamāpajjatīti. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘yāsaṃ satteva ucchedadiṭṭhiyo, sesā sassatadiṭṭhiyo’’ti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.97, 98) atha vā puññapāpānaṃ, tabbipākānañca anavabodhena, asaddahanena ca tabbisayāya pucchāya vikkhepakaraṇameva sundaranti khantiṃ ruciṃ uppādetvā abhinivisantassa uppannā visuṃyevesā ekā diṭṭhi sattabhaṅgadiṭṭhi viyāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tathā ca vuttaṃ <a name="M1.0435"></a> ‘‘pariyantarahitā diṭṭhigatikassa diṭṭhi ceva vācā’’ cāti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.61). Yaṃ panetaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘imepi cattāro pubbe pavattadhammānusāreneva diṭṭhiyā gahitattā pubbantakappikesu paviṭṭhā’’ti, tadetassa amarāvikkhepavādassa sassatadiṭṭhisaṅgahavaseneva vuttaṃ. Kathaṃ panassa sassatadiṭṭhisaṅgahoti? Ucchedavasena anabhinivesanato. Natthi hi koci dhammānaṃ yathābhūtavedī vivādabahulattā lokassa. ‘‘Evameva’’nti pana saddantarena dhammanijjhānanā anādikālikā loke, tasmā sassatalesassa ettha labbhanato sassatadiṭṭhiyā etassa saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="subhead">Adhiccasamuppannavādavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para67"></a><span class="paranum">67</span>. Adhicca <a name="V1.0381"></a> yadicchakaṃ yaṃ kiñci kāraṇaṃ kassaci buddhipubbaṃ vinā samuppannoti attalokasaññitānaṃ khandhānaṃ adhiccuppattiākārārammaṇadassanaṃ <span class="bld">adhiccasamuppannaṃ</span> tadākārasannissayeneva pavattito, tadākārasahacaritato ca yathā ‘‘mañcā ghosanti, kuntā pacarantī’’ti, adhiccasamuppannadassanaṃ vā antapadalopena <span class="bld">adhiccasamuppannaṃ</span> yathā ‘‘rūpabhavo rūpa’’nti, imamatthaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘adhiccasamuppanno’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Akāraṇasamuppanna</span>nti kāraṇamantarena yadicchakaṃ samuppannaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para68-73"></a><span class="paranum">68-73</span>. <span class="bld">Asaññasattā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">etaṃ</span> asaññāvacananti attho. <span class="bld">Desanāsīsa</span>nti desanāya jeṭṭhakaṃ padhānabhāvena gahitattā, tena saññaṃ dhuraṃ katvā bhagavatā ayaṃ desanā katā, na pana tattha aññesaṃ arūpadhammānampi atthitāyāti dasseti, tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘acittuppādā’’</span>tiādi. Bhagavā hi yathā lokuttaradhammaṃ desento samādhiṃ, paññaṃ vā dhuraṃ katvā deseti, evaṃ lokiyadhammaṃ desento cittaṃ, saññaṃ vā. Tattha ‘‘yasmiṃ samaye lokuttaraṃ jhānaṃ bhāveti (dha. sa. 277), pañcaṅgiko sammāsamādhi (dī. ni. 3.355) pañcañāṇiko sammāsamādhi, (dī. ni. 3.355; vibha. 804) paññāya cassa disvā āsavā parikkhīṇā hontī’’ti, tathā ‘‘yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, (dha. sa. 1) kiṃ citto tvaṃ bhikkhu (pārā. 146, 180) manopubbaṅgamā dhammā, (dha. pa. 1; netti. 90; peṭako. 83, 84) santi bhikkhave, sattā <a name="M1.0436"></a> nānattakāyā nānattasaññino, (dī. ni. 3.332, 341, 357; a. ni. 7.44; a. ni. 9.24; cūḷani. 83) nevasaññānāsaññāyatana’’nti (dī. ni. 3.358) ca evamādīni suttāni etassatthassa sādhakāni.<span class="bld"> Titthaṃ</span> vuccati micchāladdhi tattheva bāhullena paribbhamanato taranti bālā etthāti katvā, tadeva anappakānamanatthānaṃ titthiyānañca sañjātidesaṭṭhena, nivāsaṭṭhena vā āyatananti<span class="bld"> titthāyatanaṃ,</span> tasmiṃ, aññatitthiyasamayeti attho. Titthiyā hi upapattivisese vimuttisaññino, saññāvirāgāvirāgesu ādīnavānisaṃsadassāvino ca hutvā asaññasamāpattiṃ nibbattetvā akkhaṇabhūmiyaṃ upapajjanti, na sāsanikā, tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ekacco titthāyatane pabbajitvā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Vāyokasiṇe parikammaṃ katvā</span>ti catutthe bhūtakasiṇe paṭhamādīni tīṇi jhānāni nibbattetvā tatiyajjhāne ciṇṇavasī hutvā tato vuṭṭhāya catutthajjhānādhigamāya parikammaṃ katvā, tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘catutthajjhānaṃ nibbattetvā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmā <a name="V1.0382"></a> panettha vāyokasiṇeyeva parikammaṃ vuttanti? Vuccate – yatheva hi rūpapaṭibhāgabhūtesu kasiṇavisesesu rūpavibhāvanena rūpavirāgabhāvanāsaṅkhāto arūpasamāpattiviseso sacchikarīyati, evaṃ aparibyattaviggahatāya arūpapaṭibhāgabhūte kasiṇavisese arūpavibhāvanena arūpavirāgabhāvanāsaṅkhāto rūpasamāpattiviseso adhigamīyati, tasmā ettha ‘‘saññā rogo saññā gaṇḍo’’tiādinā, (ma. ni. 3.24) ‘‘dhi cittaṃ, dhibbate taṃ citta’’ntiādinā (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.68-73) ca nayena arūpapavattiyā ādīnavadassanena, tadabhāve ca santapaṇītabhāvasanniṭṭhānena rūpasamāpattiyā abhisaṅkharaṇaṃ, rūpavirāgabhāvanā pana saddhiṃ upacārena arūpasamāpattiyo visesena paṭhamāruppajjhānaṃ. Yadi evaṃ ‘‘paricchinnākāsakasiṇepī’’ti vattabbaṃ. Tassāpi hi arūpapaṭibhāgatā labbhatīti? Vattabbamevetaṃ kesañci, avacanaṃ pana pubbācariyehi aggahitabhāvena. Yathā hi rūpavirāgabhāvanā virajjanīyadhammabhāvamatte parinibbindā (virajjanīyadhamma bhāvamattena parinipphannā dī. ni. ṭī. 1.6-73) virajjanīyadhammapaṭibhāgabhūte ca visayavisese pātubhavati, evaṃ arūpavirāgabhāvanāpīti vuccamāne na koci virodho. Titthiyeheva pana tassā samāpattiyā paṭipajjitabbatāya, tesañca visayapadesanimittasseva tassa jhānassa paṭipattito taṃ kāraṇaṃ passantehi <a name="M1.0437"></a> pubbācariyehi catuttheyeva bhūtakasiṇe arūpavirāgabhāvanāparikammaṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Kiñca bhiyyo – vaṇṇakasiṇesu viya purimabhūtakasiṇattayepi vaṇṇapaṭicchāyāva paṇṇattiārammaṇaṃ jhānassa lokavohārānurodheneva pavattito, evañca katvā <span class="bld">visuddhimagge</span> (visuddhi. 1.96) pathavīkasiṇassa ādāsacandamaṇḍalūpamāvacanañca samatthitaṃ hoti. Catutthe pana bhūtakasiṇe bhūtapaṭicchāyā eva jhānassa gocarabhāvaṃ gacchatīti tasseva arūpapaṭibhāgatā yuttā, tasmā vāyokasiṇeyeva parikammaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ passatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘citte satī’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Santo</span>ti nibbuto, diṭṭhadhammanibbānametanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Kālaṃ katvā</span>ti maraṇaṃ katvā, yo vā manussaloke jīvanakālo upatthambhakapaccayehi karīyati, taṃ karitvātipi attho. <span class="bld">Asaññasattesu nibbattatī</span>ti asaññasattasaṅkhāte sattanikāye rūpapaṭisandhivaseneva upapajjati, aññesu vā cakkavāḷesu tassā bhūmiyā atthitāya anekavidhabhāvaṃ sandhāya puthuvacananiddesotipi daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Idhevā</span>ti pañcavokārabhaveyeva. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti asaññībhave. Yadi rūpakkhandhamattameva asaññībhave pātubhavati, kathaṃ arūpasannissayena vinā tattha rūpaṃ pavattati, nanu siyā arūpasannissitāyeva rūpakkhandhassa uppatti idheva pañcavokārabhave tathā uppattiyā adassanatoti<a name="V1.0383"></a>? Nāyamanuyogo aññatthāpi appaviṭṭho, kathaṃ pana rūpasannissayena vinā arūpadhātuyā arūpaṃ pavattatīti. Idampi hi tena samānajātiyameva. Kasmā? Idheva adassanato, kathañca kabaḷīkārāhārena vinā rūpadhātuyā rūpaṃ pavattatīti. Idampi ca taṃsabhāvameva, kiṃ kāraṇā? Idha adassanatoyeva. Iti aññatthāpi tathā pavattidassanato, kimetena aññanidassanena idheva anuyogena. Apica yathā yassa cittasantānassa nibbattikāraṇaṃ rūpe avigatataṇhaṃ, tassa saha rūpena sambhavato rūpaṃ nissāya pavatti rūpasāpekkhatāya kāraṇassa. Yassa pana nibbattikāraṇaṃ rūpe vigatataṇhaṃ, tassa vinā rūpena pavatti rūpanirapekkhatāya kāraṇassa, evaṃ yassa rūpappabandhassa nibbattikāraṇaṃ arūpe vigatataṇhaṃ, tassa vinā arūpena pavatti arūpanirapekkhatāya kāraṇassa, evaṃ bhāvanābalābhāvato pañcavokārabhave rūpārūpasambhavo viya, bhāvanābalena catuvokārabhave arūpasseva <a name="M1.0438"></a> sambhavo viya ca. Asaññībhavepi bhāvanābalena rūpasseva sambhavo daṭṭhabboti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ pana tattha kevalo rūpappabandho paccuppannapaccayarahito cirakālaṃ pavattatīti paccetabbaṃ, kittakaṃ vā kālaṃ pavattatīti codanaṃ manasi katvā <span class="bld">‘‘yathā nāmā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tena na kevalaṃ idha ceva aññattha ca vutto āgamoyeva etadatthañāpane, atha kho ayaṃ panettha yuttīti dasseti. <span class="bld">Jiyāvegukkhitto</span>ti dhanujiyāya vegena khipito. <span class="bld">Jhānavego</span> nāma jhānānubhāvo phaladāne samatthatā. <span class="bld">Tattakameva kāla</span>nti ukkaṃsato pañca mahākappasatāni. <span class="bld"> Tiṭṭhantī</span>ti yathānibbattairiyāpathameva cittakammarūpakasadisā hutvā tiṭṭhanti. <span class="bld">Jhānavege</span>ti asaññasamāpattiparikkhitte catutthajjhānakammavege, pañcamajjhānakammavege vā. <span class="bld">Antaradhāyatī</span>ti paccayanirodhena nirujjhati na pavattati. <span class="bld">Idhā</span>ti kāmāvacarabhaveti attho aññattha tesamanuppattito. <span class="bld">Paṭisandhisaññā</span>ti paṭisandhicittuppādoyeva saññāsīsena vutto. Kathaṃ pana anekakappasatamatikkamena ciraniruddhato viññāṇato idha viññāṇamuppajjati. Na hi niruddhe cakkhupasāde cakkhuviññāṇamuppajjamānaṃ diṭṭhanti? Nayidamekantato daṭṭhabbaṃ. Niruddhampi hi cittaṃ samānajātikassa antarā anuppajjanato samanantarapaccayamattaṃ hotiyeva, na bījaṃ. Bījaṃ pana kammameva, tasmā kammato bījabhūtato ārammaṇādīhi paccayehi asaññībhavato cutānaṃ kāmadhātuyā upapattiviññāṇaṃ hotiyeva, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘idha paṭisandhisaññā uppajjatī’’</span>ti. Ettha ca yathā nāma utuniyāmena pupphaggahaṇe niyatakālānaṃ rukkhānaṃ vidāraṇasaṅkhāte vekhe dinne vekhabalena aniyamatā hoti pupphaggahaṇassa, evameva pañcavokārabhave avippayogena vattamānesu rūpārūpadhammesu rūpārūpavirāgabhāvanāsaṅkhāte vekhe dinne tassa samāpattivekhabalassa anurūpato <a name="V1.0384"></a> arūpabhave, asaññabhave ca yathākkamaṃ rūparahitā, arūparahitā ca khandhānaṃ pavatti hotīti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmā panettha puna saññuppādā ca pana ‘‘te devā tamhā kāyā cavantī’’ti saññuppādo tesaṃ cavanassa kāraṇabhāvena vutto, ‘‘saññuppādā’’ti vacanaṃ vā kimatthadassananti codanāya <span class="bld">‘‘yasmā panā’’</span>tiādimāha. Idha paṭisandhisaññuppādena tesaṃ cavanassa paññāyanato ñāpakahetubhāvena vutto, ‘‘saññuppādā’’ti vacanaṃ vā tesaṃ cavanassa <a name="M1.0439"></a> paññāyanabhāvadassananti adhippāyo. ‘‘Saññuppādā’’ti hi etassa saññuppādena hetubhūtena cavanti, saññuppādā vā uppādasaññā te devāti sambandho. <span class="bld">Santabhāvāyā</span>ti nibbānāya. Nanu cettha jātisatasahassadasasaṃvaṭṭādīnamatthake, tadabbhantare vā pavattāya asaññūpapattiyā vasena lābhīadhiccasamuppannikavādopi lābhīsassatavādo viya anekabhedo sambhavatīti? Saccameva, anantarattā pana āsannāya asaññūpapattiyā vasena lābhīadhiccasamuppannikavādo nayadassanavasena ekova dassitoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Atha vā sassatadiṭṭhisaṅgahato adhiccasamuppannikavādassa sassatavāde āgato sabbopi desanānayo yathāsambhavaṃ adhiccasamuppannikavādepi gahetabboti imassa visesassa dassanatthaṃ bhagavatā lābhīadhiccasamuppannikavādo avibhajitvā dassito, avassañcassa sassatadiṭṭhisaṅgaho icchitabbo saṃkilesapakkhe sattānamajjhāsayassa sassatucchedavaseneva duvidhattā, tesu ca ucchedappasaṅgābhāvato. Tathā hi aṭṭhakathāyaṃ āsaya-saddassa atthuddhāravasena vuttaṃ ‘‘sassatucchedadiṭṭhi cā’’ti, tathā ca vakkhati ‘‘yāsaṃ satteva ucchedadiṭṭhiyo, sesā sassatadiṭṭhiyo’’ti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.97, 98).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca adhiccasamuppannikavādassa sassatadiṭṭhisaṅgaho na yutto ‘‘ahañhi pubbe nāhosi’’ntiādivasena pavattanato apubbasattapātubhāvagāhakattā. Sassatadiṭṭhi pana attano, lokassa ca sadābhāvagāhinī ‘‘atthitveva sassatisama’’nti pavattanatoti? No na yutto anāgatakoṭiadassanena sassataggāhasamavarodhattā. Yadipi hi ayaṃ vādo ‘‘somhi etarahi ahutvā santatāya pariṇato’’ti (dī. ni. 1.68) attano, lokassa ca atītakoṭiparāmasanavasena pavatto, tathāpi vattamānakālato paṭṭhāya na tesaṃ katthaci anāgate pariyantaṃ passati, visesena ca paccuppannānāgatakālesu apariyantadassanapabhāvito sassatavādo, yathāha ‘‘sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassatī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.31 atthato samānaṃ) yadevaṃ siyā imassa ca vādassa, sassatavādādīnañca pubbantakappikesu saṅgaho na yuttoyeva anāgatakālaparāmasanavasena <a name="V1.0385"></a> pavattattāti? Yutto eva samudāgamassa atītakoṭṭhāsikattā. Tathā hi nesaṃ samudāgamo <a name="M1.0440"></a> atītaṃsapubbenivāsañāṇehi, tappatirūpakānussavādipabhāvitehi ca takkanehi saṅgahitoti, tathā ceva saṃvaṇṇitaṃ. Atha vā sabbattha appaṭihatañāṇacārena dhammassāminā niravasesato agatiṃ, gatiñca yathābhūtaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditā etā diṭṭhiyo, tasmā yāvatikā diṭṭhiyo bhagavatā desitā, yathā ca desitā, tāvatikā tathā ceva sanniṭṭhānato sampaṭicchitabbā, na cettha yuttivicāraṇā kātabbā buddhavisayattā. Acinteyyo hi buddhānaṃ buddhavisayo, tathā ca vakkhati ‘‘tattha na ekantena kāraṇaṃ pariyesitabba’’nti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.78-82).</p>
<p class="centered">Dutiyabhāṇavāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Aparantakappikavādavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para74"></a><span class="paranum">74</span>. ‘‘Aparanteñāṇaṃ (dha. sa. 1067), aparantānudiṭṭhino’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.74) viya <span class="bld">aparanta</span> – saddānaṃ yathākkamaṃ anāgatakālakoṭṭhāsavācakataṃ sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘anāgatakoṭṭhāsasaṅkhāta’’</span>nti. ‘‘Pubbantaṃ kappetvā’’tiādīsu vuttanayena <span class="bld">‘‘aparantaṃ kappetvā’’</span>tiādīsupi attho veditabbo. Visesamattameva cettha vakkhāma.</p>
<p class="subhead">Saññīvādavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para75"></a><span class="paranum">75</span>. Āghātanā uddhanti <span class="bld">uddhamāghātanaṃ,</span> maraṇato uddhaṃ pavatto attāti attho. ‘‘Uddhamāghātana’’nti pavatto vādo <span class="bld">uddhamāghātano</span> sahacaraṇavasena, taddhitavasena ca, antalopaniddeso vā esa. So etesanti <span class="bld">uddhamāghātanikā.</span> Evaṃ saddato nipphannaṃ atthato eva dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘uddhamāghātanā attānaṃ vadantī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, āghātanā uddhaṃ uparibhūtaṃ attabhāvanti attho. Te hi diṭṭhigatikā ‘‘uddhaṃ maraṇato attā nibbikāro’’ti vadanti. <span class="bld">‘‘So etesa’’</span>ntiādinā assatthiyatthaṃ dasseti yathā ‘‘buddhamassa atthīti buddho’’ti. Ayaṃ aṭṭhakathāto aparo nayo – saññīti pavatto vādo <span class="bld">saññī</span> sahacaraṇādinayena, saññī vādo etesanti <span class="bld">saññīvādā</span> samāsavasena. Saññīvādo eva vādo etesanti hi attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para76-77"></a><span class="paranum">76-77</span>. <span class="bld">Rūpī</span> <a name="V1.0386"></a><a name="M1.0441"></a> <span class="bld">attā</span>ti ettha kasiṇarūpaṃ ‘‘attā’’ti kasmā vuttaṃ, nanu rūpavinimuttena attanā bhavitabbaṃ ‘‘rūpamassa atthī’’ti vutte saññāya viya rūpassāpi attaniyattā. Na hi ‘‘saññī attā’’ti ettha saññā eva attā, atha kho ‘‘saññā assa atthī’’ti atthena attaniyāva, tathā ca vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tattha pavattasaññañcassa ‘saññā’ti gahetvā’’</span>ti? Na kho panetamevaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ ‘‘rūpamassa atthīti rūpī’’ti, atha kho ‘‘ruppanasīlo rūpī’’ti. Ruppanañcettha rūpasarikkhatāya kasiṇarūpassa vaḍḍhitāvaḍḍhitakālavasena visesāpatti. Sā hi ‘‘natthī’’ti na sakkā vattuṃ parittavipulatādivisesasabbhāvato. Yadevaṃ siyā ‘‘ruppanasīlo rūpī’’ti, atha imassa vādassa sassatadiṭṭhisaṅgaho na yujjati ruppanasīlassa bhedasabbhāvatoti? Yujjateva kāyabhedato uddhaṃ parikappitassa attano nibbikāratāya tena adhippetattā. Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘arogo paraṃ maraṇā’’ti. Atha vā ‘‘rūpamassa atthīti rūpī’’ti vuttepi na koci doso kappanāsiddhena bhedena abhedassāpi niddesadassanato yathā ‘‘silāputtakassa sarīra’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica avayavavasena avayavino tathāniddesanidassanato yathā ‘‘kāye kāyānupassī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.390), ruppanaṃ vā rūpaṃ, rūpasabhāvo, tadassa atthīti <span class="bld">rūpī,</span> attā ‘‘rūpino dhammā’’tiādīsu (dha. sa. 11.dukamātikā) viya, evañca katvā attano rūpasabhāvattā ‘‘rūpī attā’’ti vacanaṃ ñāyāgatamevāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kasiṇarūpaṃ attā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">‘‘Gahetvā’’</span>ti etena cetassa sambandho. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti kasiṇarūpe. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti parikappitassa attano, ājīvakādayo takkamattena paññapenti viyāti attho. Ājīvakā hi takkikāyeva, na lābhino. Niyatavāditāya hi kammaphalapaṭikkhepato natthi tesaṃ jhānasamāpattilābho. Tathā hikaṇhābhijātiādīsu kāḷakādirūpaṃ ‘‘attā’’ti ekacce ājīvakā paṭijānanti. Purimanayena cettha lābhīnaṃ dasseti, pacchimanayena pana takkikaṃ. Evamīdisesu. <span class="bld">Roga</span>-saddo bhaṅgapariyāyo bhaṅgassāpi rujjanabhāvato, evañca katvā aroga-saddassa niccapariyāyatā upapannā hoti, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘nicco’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Roga</span>-saddo vā byādhipariyāyo. <span class="bld">Arogo</span>ti pana rogarahitatāsīsena nibbikāratāya niccataṃ diṭṭhigatiko paṭijānātīti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘nicco’’</span>ti vuttaṃ<a name="M1.0442"></a>. Kasiṇugghāṭimākāsapaṭhamāruppaviññāṇanatthibhāvākiñcaññāyatanāni yathārahamarūpasamāpattinimittaṃ nāma. Nimbapaṇṇe tapparimāṇo tittakaraso viya sarīrapparimāṇo arūpī attā sarīre tiṭṭhatīti takkamatteneva nigaṇṭhā ‘‘arūpī attā saññī’’ti paññapentīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘nigaṇṭhādayo viyā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tatiyā</span> <a name="V1.0387"></a> <span class="bld">panā</span>ti ‘‘rūpī ca arūpī ca attā’’ti laddhi. <span class="bld">Missakagāhavasenā</span>ti rūpārūpasamāpattīnaṃ yathāvuttāni nimittāni ekajjhaṃ katvā ekova ‘‘attā’’ti, tattha pavattasaññañcassa ‘‘saññā’’ti gahaṇavasena. Ayañhi diṭṭhigatiko rūpārūpasamāpattilābhī tāsaṃ nimittaṃ rūpabhāvena, arūpabhāvena ca ‘‘attā’’ti gahetvā ‘‘rūpī ca arūpī cā’’ti abhinivesaṃ janesi athetavādino viya, takkamatteneva vā rūpārūpadhammānaṃ missakagahaṇavasena ‘‘rūpī ca arūpī ca attā’’ti abhinivissa aṭṭhāsi. <span class="bld">Catutthā</span>ti ‘‘neva arūpī ca nārūpī ca attā’’ti laddhi. <span class="bld">Takkagāhenevā</span>ti saṅkhārasesasukhumabhāvappattadhammā viya accantasukhumabhāvappattiyā sakiccasādhanāsamatthatāya khambhakucchi [thambhakuṭṭa (dī. ni. ṭī. 176-77)] hatthapādādisaṅghāto viya neva rūpī, rūpasabhāvānativattanato na ca arūpīti evaṃ pavattatakkagāheneva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ aṭṭhakathāmuttako nayo – nevarūpī nārūpīti ettha hi antānantikacatutthavāde viya aññamaññapaṭikkhepavasena attho veditabbo. Satipi ca tatiyavādena imassa samānatthabhāve tattha desakālabhedavasena viya idha kālavatthubhedavasena tatiyacatutthavādānaṃ viseso daṭṭhabbo. Kālabhedavasena hi idha tatiyavādassa pavatti rūpārūpanimittānaṃ sahaanupaṭṭhānato. Catutthavādassa pana vatthubhedavasena pavatti rūpārūpadhammasamūhabhāvatoti. Dutiyacatukkaṃ antānantikavāde vuttanayena veditabbaṃ sabbathā saddatthato samānatthattā. Yaṃ panettha vattabbaṃ, tampi ‘‘amati gacchati bhāvo osānametthā’’tiādinā amhehi vuttameva, kevalaṃ pana tattha pubbantakappanāvasena pavatto, idha aparantakappanāvasenāti ayaṃ viseso pākaṭoyeva. Kāmañca nānattasaññī attāti ayampi vādo samāpannakavasena labbhati. Aṭṭhasamāpattilābhino diṭṭhigatikassa vasena saññābhedasambhavato. Tathāpi samāpattiyaṃ <a name="M1.0443"></a> ekarūpeneva saññāya upaṭṭhānato lābhīvasena ekattasaññitā sātisayaṃ yuttāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘samāpannakavasena ekattasaññī’’</span>ti. Ekasamāpattilābhino eva vā vasena attho veditabbo. Satipi ca samāpattibhedato saññābhedasambhave bahiddhā puthuttārammaṇeyeva saññānānattassa oḷārikassa sambhavato takkīvaseneva nānattasaññitaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘asamāpannakavasena nānattasaññī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Parittakasiṇavasenā</span>ti avaḍḍhitattā appakakasiṇavasena, <span class="bld">kasiṇa</span>ggahaṇañcettha saññāya visayadassanaṃ. Visayavasena hi saññāya parittatā, iminā ca satipi saññāvinimuttadhamme ‘‘saññāyeva attā’’ti vadatīti dasseti. Esa nayo <span class="bld">vipulakasiṇavasenā</span>ti etthāpi. Evañca katvā antānantikavāde ceva idha ca antānantacatukke paṭhamadutiyavādesu saddatthamattato samānesupi sabhāvato tehi dvīhi vādehi imesaṃ dvinnaṃ vādānaṃ viseso siddho hoti, aññathā <a name="V1.0388"></a> vuttappakāresu vādesu satipi pubbantāparantakappanabhedamattena kehici visese kehici avisesoyeva siyāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana aṭṭhakathāmuttako nayo – ‘‘aṅguṭṭhappamāṇo attā, aṇumatto attā’’tiādiladdhivasena paritto ca so saññī cāti <span class="bld">parittasaññī</span> kāpilakāṇādapabhutayo [kapilakaṇādādayo (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.76-77)] viya. Attano sabbagatabhāvapaṭijānanavasena appamāṇo ca so saññī cāti <span class="bld">appamāṇasaññī</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dibbacakkhuparibhaṇḍattā yathākammūpagañāṇassa dibbacakkhupabhāvajanitena yathākammūpagañāṇena dissamānāpi sattānaṃ sukhādisamaṅgitā dibbacakkhunāva diṭṭhā nāmāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘dibbena cakkhunā’’</span>tiādi. Catukkanayaṃ, pañcakanayañca sandhāya <span class="bld">tikacatukkajjhānabhūmiya’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Diṭṭhigatikavisayāsu hi pañcavokārajhānabhūmīsu vehapphalabhūmiṃ ṭhapetvā avasesā yathārahaṃ catukkanaye tikajjhānassa, pañcakanaye ca catukkajjhānassa vipākaṭṭhānattā <span class="bld">tikacatukkajjhānabhūmiyo</span> nāma. Suddhāvāsā pana tesamavisayā. <span class="bld">Nibbattamāna</span>nti uppajjamānaṃ. Nanu ca ‘‘ekantasukhī attā’’tiādinā pavattavādānaṃ aparantadiṭṭhibhāvato ‘‘nibbattamānaṃ disvā’’ti paccuppannavacanaṃ anupapannameva siyā. Anāgatavisayā hi ete vādāti? Upapannameva anāgatassa ekantasukhībhāvādikassa pakappanāya <a name="M1.0444"></a> paccuppannanibbattidassanena adhippetattā. Tenevāha ‘‘nibbattamānaṃ disvā ‘ekantasukhī’ti gaṇhātī’’ti. Ettha ca tassaṃ tassaṃ bhūmiyaṃ bāhullena sukhādisahitadhammappavattidassanaṃ paṭicca tesaṃ ‘‘ekantasukhī’’tiādigahaṇato tadanurūpāyeva bhūmi vuttāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Saddantarābhisambandhavasena viya hi atthapakaraṇādivasenapi atthaviseso labbhati. ‘‘Ekantasukhī’’tiādīsu ca ekantabhāvo bahulaṃ pavattimattaṃ pati payutto. Tathāpavattimattadassanena tesaṃ evaṃ gahaṇato. Atha vā hatthidassakaandhā viya diṭṭhigatikā yaṃ yadeva passanti, taṃ tadeva abhinivissa voharanti. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā <span class="bld">udāne</span> ‘‘aññatitthiyā bhikkhave, paribbājakā andhā acakkhukā’’tiādi, (udā. 55) tasmā alamettha yuttimagganāti. ‘‘Dibbena cakkhunā disvā’’ti vuttamatthaṃ samatthetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘visesato hī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Asaññīnevasaññīnāsaññīvādavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para78-83"></a><span class="paranum">78-83</span>. Atha <a name="V1.0389"></a> na koci viseso atthīti codanaṃ sodheti <span class="bld">‘‘kevalañhī’’</span>tiādinā. ‘‘Asaññī’’ti ca ‘‘nevasaññīnāsaññī’’ti ca gaṇhantānaṃ tā diṭṭhiyoti sambandho. <span class="bld">Kāraṇa</span>nti visesakāraṇaṃ, diṭṭhisamudāgamakāraṇaṃ vā. Satipi kiñci kāraṇapariyesanasambhave diṭṭhigatikavādānaṃ anādariyabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘na ekantena kāraṇaṃ pariyesitabba’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Kasmāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘diṭṭhigatikassā’’</span>tiādi, etena pariyesanakkhamābhāvatoti apariyesitabbakāraṇaṃ dasseti. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – asaññīvāde asaññībhave nibbattasattavasena pavatto paṭhamavādo, ‘‘saññaṃ attato samanupassatī’’ti ettha vuttanayena saññaṃyeva ‘‘attā’’ti gahetvā tassa kiñcanabhāvena ṭhitāya aññāya saññāya abhāvato ‘‘asaññī’’ti pavatto dutiyavādo, tathā saññāya saha rūpadhamme, sabbe eva vā rūpārūpadhamme ‘‘attā’’ti gahetvā pavatto tatiyavādo, takkagāhavaseneva catutthavādo pavatto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dutiyacatukkepi kasiṇarūpassa asañjānanasabhāvatāya asaññīti katvā antānantikavāde vuttanayena cattāro vikappā pavattā. Nevasaññīnāsaññīvāde pana nevasaññīnāsaññībhave nibbattasattasseva cutipaṭisandhīsu<a name="M1.0445"></a>, sabbattha vā paṭusaññākiccaṃ kātuṃ asamatthāya sukhumāya saññāya atthibhāvapaṭijānanavasena paṭhamavādo, asaññīvāde vuttanayena sukhumāya saññāya vasena, sañjānanasabhāvatāpaṭijānanavasena ca dutiyavādādayo pavattāti. Evaṃ kenaci pakārena satipi kāraṇapariyesanasambhave diṭṭhigatikavādānaṃ pariyesanakkhamābhāvato ādaraṃ katvā mahussāhena tesaṃ kāraṇaṃ na pariyesitabbanti. Etesaṃ pana saññīasaññīnevasaññīnāsaññīvādānaṃ sassatadiṭṭhisaṅgaho ‘‘arogo paraṃ maraṇā’’ti vacanato pākaṭoyeva.</p>
<p class="subhead">Ucchedavādavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para84"></a><span class="paranum">84</span>. Avijjamānassa vināsāsambhavato atthibhāvahetuko ucchedoti dassetuṃ vijjamānavācakena santa-saddena <span class="bld">‘‘sato’’</span>ti pāḷiyaṃ vuttanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘vijjamānassā’’</span>ti. Vijjamānatāpayutto cesa diṭṭhigatikavādavisayo sattoyeva idha adhippetoti dassanatthaṃ pāḷiyaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sattassā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, tena imamatthaṃ dasseti – yathā hetuphalabhāvena pavattamānānaṃ sabhāvadhammānaṃ satipi ekasantānapariyāpannānaṃ bhinnasantatipatitehi visese hetuphalabhūtānaṃ paramatthato bhinnasabhāvattā <a name="V1.0390"></a> bhinnasantānapatitānaṃ viya accantaṃ bhedasanniṭṭhānena nānattanayassa micchāgahaṇaṃ ucchedābhinivesassa kāraṇaṃ, evaṃ hetuphalabhūtānaṃ vijjamānepi sabhāvabhede ekasantatipariyāpannatāya ekattanayena accantamabhedagahaṇampi kāraṇamevāti. Santānavasena hi pavattamānesu khandhesu ghanavinibbhogābhāvena tesaṃ idha sattagāho, sattassa ca atthibhāvagāhahetuko ucchedavādo, anupubbanirodhavasena pana nirantaravināso idha ‘‘ucchedo’’ti adhippeto yāvāyaṃ attā ucchijjamāno bhavati, tāvāyaṃ vijjatiyevāti gahaṇatoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘upaccheda’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">U</span>-saddo hi upa-saddapariyāyo, so ca upasaṅkamanattho, upasaṅkamanañcettha anupubbamuppajjitvā aparāparaṃ nirodhavasena nirantaratā. Apica punānuppajjamānavasena nirudayavināsoyeva <span class="bld">ucchedo</span> nāma yathāvuttanayena gahaṇatoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘upaccheda’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">U</span>-saddo, hi upa-saddo ca ettha uparibhāgattho. Niruddhato parabhāgo ca idha uparibhāgoti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nirantaravasena<a name="M1.0446"></a>, nirudayavasena vā visesena nāso <span class="bld">vināso,</span> so pana maṃsacakkhupaññācakkhūnaṃ dassanapathātikkamanato adassanamevāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘adassana’’</span>nti. Adassane hi <span class="bld">nāsa</span>-saddo loke niruḷho ‘‘dve cāpare vaṇṇavikāranāsā’’tiādīsu (kāsikā 6-3-109 suttaṃ passitabbaṃ) viya. <span class="bld">Bhāvavigama</span>nti sabhāvāpagamaṃ. Yathādhammaṃ bhavanaṃ bhāvoti hi atthena idha <span class="bld">bhāva</span>-saddo sabhāvavācako. Yo pana nirantaraṃ nirudayavināsavasena ucchijjati, so attano sabhāvena ṭhātumasakkuṇeyyatāya ‘‘bhāvāpagamo’’ti vuccati. <span class="bld">‘‘Tatthā’’</span>tiādinā ucchedavādassa yathāpāṭhaṃ samudāgamaṃ nidassanamattena dasseti, tena vakkhati ‘‘tathā ca aññathā ca vikappetvāvā’’ti. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti ‘‘sato sattassa ucchedaṃ vināsaṃ vibhavaṃ paññapentī’’ti vacane. <span class="bld">Lābhī</span>ti dibbacakkhuñāṇalābhī. Tadavasesalābhī ceva sabbaso alābhī ca idha aparantakappikaṭṭhāne <span class="bld">‘‘alābhī’’</span> tveva vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cuti</span>nti sekkhaputhujjanānampi cutimeva. Esa nayo <span class="bld">cutimattamevā</span>ti etthāpi. <span class="bld">Upapattiṃ apassanto</span>ti daṭṭhuṃ samatthepi sati anolokanavasena apassanto. <span class="bld">Na upapāta</span>nti pubbayogābhāvena, parikammākaraṇena vā upapattiṃ daṭṭhuṃ na sakkoti, evañca katvā nayadvaye viseso pākaṭo hoti. Ko paralokaṃ jānāti, na jānātiyevāti natthikavādavasena ucchedaṃ gaṇhātīti saha pāṭhasesena sambandho, natthikavādavasena mahāmūḷhabhāveneva ‘‘ito añño paraloko atthī’’ti anavabodhanato imaṃ diṭṭhiṃ gaṇhātīti adhippāyo. ‘‘Ettakoyeva visayo, yvāyaṃ indriyagocaro’’ti attano dhītuyā hatthaggaṇhanakarājā viya kāmasukhābhirattatāyapi gaṇhātīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘kāmasukhagiddhatāya vā’’</span>ti. Vaṇṭato patitapaṇṇānaṃ vaṇṭena apaṭisandhikabhāvaṃ <a name="V1.0391"></a> sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘na puna viruhantī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Evameva sattā</span>ti yathā paṇḍupalāso bandhanā pavutto puna na paṭisandhīyati, evameva sabbepi sattā appaṭisandhikā maraṇapariyosānā aponobbhavikā appaṭisandhikamaraṇameva nigacchantīti attho. Udakapubbuḷakūpamā hi sattā puna anuppajjamānatoti tassa laddhi. <span class="bld">Tathā</span>ti ‘‘lābhī anussaranto’’tiādinā [arahato (aṭṭha)] nidassanavasena vuttappakārena. <span class="bld">Aññathā</span>ti takkanassa anekappakārasambhavato tato aññenapi pakārena. Lābhinopi cutito <a name="M1.0447"></a> uddhaṃ upapātassa adassanamattaṃ pati takkaneneva imā diṭṭhiyo uppajjantīti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘vikappetvāvā’’</span>ti. Tathā ca vikappetvāva uppannā aññathā ca vikappetvāva uppannāti hi sambandho. Tattha ‘‘dve janā’’tiādinā ucchedaggāhakappabhedadassanena imamatthaṃ dasseti. Yathā amarāvikkhepikavādā ekantaalābhīvaseneva desitā, yathā ca uddhamāghātanikasaññīvāde catutthacatukke saññīvādā ekantalābhīvaseneva desitā, nayime. Ime pana sassatekaccasassatavādādayo viya lābhīalābhīvaseneva desitāti. Yadevaṃ kasmā sassatavādādīsu viya lābhīvasena, takkīvasena ca paccekaṃ desanamakatvā sassatavādādidesanāhi aññathā idha desanā katāti? Vuccate – desanāvilāsappattito. Desanāvilāsappattā hi buddhā bhagavanto, te veneyyajjhāsayānurūpaṃ vividhenākārena dhammaṃ desenti, na aññathā. Yadi hi idhāpi ca tathādesanāya nibandhanabhūto veneyyajjhāsayo bhaveyya, tathārūpameva bhagavā vadeyya, kathaṃ? ‘‘Idha bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ātappamanvāya…pe… yathā samāhite citte sattānaṃ cutūpapātañāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmeti, so dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena arahato cuticittaṃ passati, puthūnaṃ vā parasattānaṃ, na heva kho taduddhaṃ upapattiṃ. So evamāha ‘yato kho bho ayaṃ attā rūpī cātumahābhūtiko mātāpettikasambhavo kāyassa bhado ucchijjati vinassati, na hoti paraṃ maraṇā’tiādinā’’ visesalābhino, takkino ca visuṃ katvā. Yasmā pana tathādesanāya nibandhanabhūto veneyyajjhāsayo na idha bhavati, tasmā desanāvilāsena veneyyajjhāsayānurūpaṃ sassatavādādidesanāhi aññathāyevāyaṃ desanā katāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā sassatekaccasassatavādādīsu viya na idha takkīvādato visesalābhīvādo bhinnākāro, atha kho samānappakāratāya samānākāroyevāti imassa visesassa pakāsanatthaṃ ayamucchedavādo bhagavatā purimavādehi visiṭṭhākārabhāvena desito. Sambhavati hi idha takkinopi anussavādivasena adhigamavato viya abhiniveso. Apica na imā diṭṭhiyo bhagavatā anāgate evaṃbhāvīvasena <a name="M1.0448"></a> desitā, nāpi evamete bhaveyyunti parikappanāvasena, atha kho <a name="V1.0392"></a> yathā yathā diṭṭhigatikehi ‘‘idameva saccaṃ, moghamañña’’nti (ma. ni. 2.187, 203, 427; 3.27, 28; udā. 55) maññitā, tathā tathāyeva ime diṭṭhigatā yathābhuccaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇena paricchinditvā pakāsitā, yehi gambhīrādippakārā aputhujjanagocarā buddhadhammā pakāsanti, yesañca parikittanena tathāgatā sammadeva thomitā honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo nayo – yathā ucchedavādīhi diṭṭhigatikehi uttaruttarabhavadassīhi aparabhavadassīnaṃ tesaṃ vādapaṭisedhavasena sakasakavādā patiṭṭhāpitā, tathāyevāyaṃ desanā katāti purimadesanāhi imissā desanāya pavattibhedo na codetabbo, evañca katvā arūpabhavabhedavasena ucchedavādo catudhā vibhajitvā viya kāmarūpabhavabhedavasenāpi anekadhā vibhajitvāyeva vattabbo, evaṃ sati bhagavatā vuttasattakato bahutarabhedo ucchedavādo āpajjatīti, atha vā paccekaṃ kāmarūpabhavabhedavasena viya arūpabhavavasenāpi na vibhajitvā vattabbo, evampi sati bhagavatā vuttasattakato appatarabhedova ucchedavādo āpajjatīti ca evaṃpakārāpi codanā anavakāsā eva hoti. Diṭṭhigatikānañhi yathābhimataṃ desanā pavattāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para85"></a><span class="paranum">85</span>. <span class="bld">Mātāpitūnaṃ eta</span>nti taṃsambandhanato etaṃ mātāpitūnaṃ santakanti attho. <span class="bld">Sukkasoṇita</span>nti pitu sukkaṃ, mātu soṇitañca, ubhinnaṃ vā sukkasaṅkhātaṃ soṇitaṃ. <span class="bld">Mātāpettike</span>ti nimitte cetaṃ bhummaṃ. <span class="bld">Itī</span>ti imehi tīhi padehi. ‘‘Rūpakāyavasenā’’ti avatvā <span class="bld">‘‘rūpakāyasīsenā’’</span>ti vadanto arūpampi tesaṃ ‘‘attā’’ti gahaṇaṃ ñāpeti. Iminā pakārena <span class="bld">ittha</span>nti āha <span class="bld">‘‘evameke’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Evaṃ</span>-saddo hettha idamattho, iminā pakārenāti attho. <span class="bld">Eke</span>ti ekacce, aññe vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para86"></a><span class="paranum">86</span>. Manussānaṃ pubbe gahitattā, aññesañca asambhavato ‘‘kāmāvacaro’’ti ettha <span class="bld">chakāmāvacaradevapariyāpanno</span>ti attho. <span class="bld">Kabaḷīkāro</span> cettha yathāvuttasudhāhāro.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para87"></a><span class="paranum">87</span>. <span class="bld">Jhānamanena</span> <a name="M1.0449"></a> <span class="bld">nibbatto</span>ti ettha yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ heṭṭhā vuttameva. Mahāvayavo <span class="bld">aṅgo,</span> tattha visuṃ pavatto <span class="bld">paccaṅgo,</span> sabbehi aṅgapaccaṅgehi yutto tathā. <span class="bld">Tesa</span>nti cakkhusotindriyānaṃ. <span class="bld">Itaresa</span>nti ghānajivhākāyindriyānaṃ. Tesampi indriyānaṃ saṇṭhānaṃ purisavesavaseneva veditabbaṃ. Tathā hi <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāsu</span> vuttaṃ ‘‘samānepi tattha ubhayaliṅgābhāve purisasaṇṭhānāva tattha brahmāno, na itthisaṇṭhānā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para88-92"></a><span class="paranum">88-92</span>. <span class="bld">Ākāsānañcāyatana</span>-saddo <a name="V1.0393"></a> idha bhaveyevāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ākāsānañcāyatanabhava’’</span>nti. Etthāha – yuttaṃ tāva purimesu tīsu vādesu ‘‘kāyassa bhedā’’ti vattuṃ pañcavokārabhavapariyāpannaṃ attabhāvamārabbha pavattattā tesaṃ vādānaṃ, catuvokārabhavapariyāpannaṃ pana attabhāvaṃ nissāya pavattesu catutthādīsu catūsu vādesu kasmā ‘‘kāyassa bhedā’’ti vuttaṃ. Na hi arūpīnaṃ kāyo vijjati. Yo bhedoti vucceyyāti? Saccametaṃ, rūpattabhāve pana pavattavohāreneva diṭṭhigatiko arūpattabhāvepi kāyavohāraṃ āropetvā evamāha. Lokasmiñhi dissati aññatthabhūtopi vohāro tadaññatthasamāropito yathā taṃ ‘‘sasavisāṇaṃ, khaṃ puppha’’nti. Yathā ca diṭṭhigatikā diṭṭhiyo paññapenti, tathāyeva bhagavāpi desetīti. Apica nāmakāyabhāvato phassādidhammasamūhabhūte arūpattabhāve kāyaniddeso daṭṭhabbo. Samūhaṭṭhenapi hi ‘‘kāyo’’ti vuccati ‘‘hatthikāyo assakāyo’’tiādīsu viya. Ettha ca kāmāvacaradevattabhāvādiniravasesavibhavapatiṭṭhāpakānaṃ dutiyādivādānaṃ aparantakappikabhāvo yutto hotu anāgataddhavisayattā tesaṃ vādānaṃ, kathaṃ pana diṭṭhigatikassa paccakkhabhūtamanussattabhāvāpagamapatiṭṭhāpakassa paṭhamavādassa aparantakappikabhāvo yujjeyya paccuppannaddhavisayattā tassa vādassa. Dutiyavādādīnañhi purimapurimavādasaṅgahitasseva attano anāgate taduttaribhavūpapannassa samucchedabodhanato yujjati aparantakappikatā, tathā ceva vuttaṃ ‘‘no ca kho bho ayaṃ attā ettāvatā sammā samucchinno hotī’’tiādi (dī. ni. 1.85) yaṃ pana tattha vuttaṃ ‘‘atthi kho bho añño attā’’ti, (dī. ni. 1.87) taṃ manussattabhāvādiheṭṭhimattabhāvavisesāpekkhāya vuttaṃ, na sabbathā aññabhāvato. Paṭhamavādassa pana anāgate taduttaribhavūpapannassa attano samucchedabodhanābhāvato<a name="M1.0450"></a>, ‘‘atthi kho bho añño attā’’ti ettha aññabhāvena aggahaṇato ca na yujjateva aparantakappikatāti? No na yujjati idhalokapariyāpannattepi paṭhamavādavisayassa anāgatakālikasseva tena adhippetattā. Paṭhamavādināpi hi idhalokapariyāpannassa attano paraṃ maraṇā ucchedo anāgatakālavaseneva adhippeto, tasmā cassa aparantakappikatāya na koci virodhoti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Diṭṭhadhammanibbānavādavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para93"></a><span class="paranum">93</span>. Ñāṇena daṭṭhabboti <span class="bld">diṭṭho,</span> diṭṭho ca so sabhāvaṭṭhena dhammo cāti <span class="bld">diṭṭhadhammo,</span> dassanabhūtena ñāṇena upaladdhasabhāvoti attho. So pana akkhānamindriyānaṃ abhimukhībhūto visayoyevāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘paccakkhadhammo vuccatī’’</span>ti. Tattha yo anindriyavisayo, sopi supākaṭabhāvena indriyavisayo viya hotīti katvā tathā vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ, tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘tattha tattha</span> <a name="V1.0394"></a> <span class="bld">paṭiladdhattabhāvassetaṃ adhivacana’’</span>nti, tasmiṃ tasmiṃ bhave yathākammaṃ paṭilabhitabbattabhāvassa vācakaṃ padaṃ, nāmanti vā attho. <span class="bld">Nibbāna</span>ñcettha dukkhavūpasamanameva, na aggaphalaṃ, na ca asaṅkhatadhātu tesamavisayattāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘dukkhavūpasamana’’</span>nti. Diṭṭhadhammanibbāne pavatto vādo etesanti <span class="bld">diṭṭhadhammanibbānavādā</span>tipi yujjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para94"></a><span class="paranum">94</span>. Kāmanīyattā kāmā ca te anekāvayavānaṃ samūhabhāvato sattānañca bandhanato guṇā cāti <span class="bld">kāmaguṇā</span>ti atthaṃ sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘manāpiyarūpādīhī’’</span>tiādi. Yāva phoṭṭhabbārammaṇañcettha <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena saṅgaṇhāti. <span class="bld">Suṭṭhu appito</span>ti sammā ṭhapito. Ṭhapanā cettha allīyanāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘allīno’’</span>ti. Parito tattha tattha kāmaguṇesu yathāsakaṃ indriyāni cāreti gocaraṃ gaṇhāpetīti atthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tesū’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘ito cito ca upanetī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Pari</span>-saddavisiṭṭho vā idha <span class="bld">cara</span>-saddo kīḷāyanti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘palaḷatī’’</span>tiādi [laḷati (aṭṭhakathāyaṃ)]. <span class="bld">Palaḷatī</span>ti hi pakārena laḷati, vilāsaṃ karotīti attho. <span class="bld">‘‘Ettha cā’’</span>tiādinā uttamakāmaguṇikānameva diṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ paññapentīti dasseti. Mandhātumahārājavasavattīdevarājakāmaguṇā hi uttamatāya nidassitā, kasmāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘evarūpe’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para95"></a><span class="paranum">95</span>. <span class="bld">Aññathābhāvā</span>ti <a name="M1.0451"></a> kāraṇe nissakkavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Vuttanayenā</span>ti suttapadesu desitanayena, etena sokādīnamuppajjanākāraṃ dasseti. Ñātibhogarogasīladiṭṭhibyasanehi phuṭṭhassa cetaso abbhantaraṃ nijjhāyanaṃ socanaṃ <span class="bld">antonijjhāyanaṃ,</span> tadeva lakkhaṇametassāti <span class="bld">antonijjhāyanalakkhaṇo.</span> Tasmiṃ soke samuṭṭhānahetubhūte nissitaṃ <span class="bld">tannissitaṃ.</span> Bhusaṃ vilapanaṃ <span class="bld">lālappanaṃ,</span> tannissitameva lālappanaṃ, tadeva lakkhaṇamassāti <span class="bld">tannissitalālappanalakkhaṇo.</span> Pasādasaṅkhāte kāye nissitassa dukkhasahagatakāyaviññāṇassa paṭipīḷanaṃ <span class="bld">kāyapaṭipīḷanaṃ,</span> sasambhārakathanaṃ vā etaṃ yathā ‘‘dhanunā vijjhatī’’ti tadupanissayassa vā aniṭṭharūpassa pacchā pavattanato ‘‘rūpakāyassa paṭipīḷana’’ntipi vaṭṭati. Paṭighasampayuttassa manaso vihesanaṃ <span class="bld">manovighātaṃ.</span> Tadeva lakkhaṇamassāti sabbattha yojetabbaṃ. Ñātibyasanādinā phuṭṭhassa paridevanāyapi asakkuṇantassa antogatasokasamuṭṭhito bhuso āyāso <span class="bld">upāyāso.</span> So pana cetaso appasannākāro evāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘visādalakkhaṇo’’</span>ti. Sādanaṃ pasādanaṃ <span class="bld">sādo,</span> pasannatā. Anupasaggopi hi saddo saupasaggo viya yathāvuttassa atthassa bodhako yathā ‘‘gotrabhū’’ti. Evaṃ sabbattha. Tato vigamanaṃ <span class="bld">visādo,</span> appasannabhāvo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para96"></a><span class="paranum">96</span>. Vitakkanaṃ <a name="V1.0395"></a> <span class="bld">vitakkitaṃ,</span> taṃ panatthato vitakkova, tathā <span class="bld">vicārita</span>nti etthāpi, tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘abhiniropanavasena pavatto vitakko’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Etenā</span>ti vitakkavicāre parāmasitvā karaṇaniddeso, hetuniddeso vā. Tenetamatthaṃ dīpeti ‘‘khobhakarasabhāvattā vitakkavicārānaṃ taṃsahitampi jhānaṃ tehi sauppīḷanaṃ viya hotī’’ti, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘sakaṇṭakaṃ</span> [bhakaṇḍakaṃ (aṭṭhakathāyaṃ)] <span class="bld">viya khāyatī’’</span>ti. Oḷārikabhāvo hi vitakkavicārasaṅkhātena kaṇṭakena saha pavattakathā. Kaṇṭakasahitabhāvo ca sauppīḷanatā eva, loke hi sakaṇṭakaṃ pharusakaṃ oḷārikanti vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para97"></a><span class="paranum">97</span>. Pītigataṃ <span class="bld">pītiyeva</span> ‘‘diṭṭhigata’’ntiādīsu (dha. sa. 381; mahāni. 12) viya gata-saddassa tabbhāvavuttito. Ayañhi saṃvaṇṇakānaṃ pakati, yadidaṃ anatthakapadaṃ, tulyādhikaraṇapadañca ṭhapetvā atthavaṇṇanā. Tathā hi tattha tattha dissati. ‘‘Yopanāti <a name="M1.0452"></a> yo yādiso, (pārā. 45) nibbānadhātūti nibbāyanamatta’’nti ca ādi. Yāya nimittabhūtāya ubbilāvanapītiyā uppannāya cittaṃ <span class="bld">ubbilāvitaṃ</span> nāma, sāyeva <span class="bld">ubbilāvitattaṃ</span> bhāvavācakassa nimitte pavattanato. Iti pītiyā uppannāya eva cittassa ubbilāvanato tassa ubbilāvitabhāvo pītiyā kato nāmāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘ubbilabhāvakaraṇa’’</span>nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para98"></a><span class="paranum">98</span>. Ābhujanaṃ manasikaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">ābhogo.</span> Sammā anukkamena, punappunaṃ vā ārammaṇassa āhāro <span class="bld">samannāhāro.</span> Ayaṃ pana <span class="bld">ṭīkāyaṃ</span> (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.98) vuttanayo – cittassa ābhuggabhāvo ārammaṇe abhinatabhāvo <span class="bld">ābhogo.</span> Sukhena hi cittaṃ ārammaṇe abhinataṃ hoti, na dukkhena viya apanataṃ, nāpi adukkhamasukhena viya anabhinataṃ, anapanatañcāti. Ettha ca ‘‘manuññabhojanādīsu khuppipāsādiabhibhūtassa viya kāmehi viveciyamānassa upādārammaṇapatthanāvisesato abhivaḍḍhati, manuññabhojanaṃ bhuttāvino viya pana uḷārakāmarasassa yāvadatthaṃ nicitassa sahitassa bhuttakāmatāya kāmesu pātabyatā na hoti, visayānabhigiddhanato visayehi dummociyehi jalūkā viya sayameva muccatī’’ti ca ayoniso ummujjitvā kāmaguṇasantappitatāya saṃsāradukkhavūpasamaṃ byākāsi paṭhamavādī. Kāmādīnaṃ ādīnavadassitāya, paṭhamādijhānasukhassa santabhāvadassitāya ca paṭhamādijhānasukhatittiyā saṃsāradukkhupacchedaṃ byākaṃsu dutiyādivādino. Idhāpi ucchedavādeva vuttappakāro vicāro yathāsambhavaṃ ānetvā vattabbo. Ayaṃ panettha viseso – ekasmimpi attabhāve pañca vādā labbhanti. Paṭhamavāde yadi kāmaguṇasamappito attā, evaṃ so diṭṭhadhammanibbānappatto. Dutiyādivādesu yadi paṭhamavādasaṅgahito soyeva attā paṭhamajjhānādisamaṅgī<a name="V1.0396"></a>, evaṃ sati diṭṭhadhammanibbānappattoti. Teneva hi ucchedavāde viya idha pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘añño attā’’ti aññaggahaṇaṃ na kataṃ. Kathaṃ pana accantanibbānapaññāpakassa attano diṭṭhadhammanibbānavādassa sassatadiṭṭhiyā saṅgaho, na ucchedadiṭṭhiyāti? Taṃtaṃsukhavisesasamaṅgitāpaṭiladdhena bandhavimokkhena suddhassa attano sakarūpeneva avaṭṭhānadīpanato. Tesañhi tathāpaṭiladdhena kammabandhavimokkhena suddho hutvā diṭṭhadhammanibbānappatto attā sakarūpeneva avaṭṭhāsīti laddhi. Tathā hi <span class="bld">pāḷiyaṃ</span> ‘‘ettāvatā kho bho <a name="M1.0453"></a> ayaṃ attā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ patto hotī’’ti sassatabhāvañāpakacchāyāya eva tesaṃ vādadassanaṃ katanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Ettāvatā’’</span>tiādinā pāḷiyatthasampiṇḍanaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">yāsa</span>nti yathāvuttānaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ aniyamaniddesavacanaṃ. Tassa imā dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhiyo kathitāti niyamanaṃ, niyatānapekkhavacanaṃ vā etaṃ ‘‘yaṃ sandhāya vutta’’nti āgataṭṭhāne viya. <span class="bld">Sesā</span>ti pañcapaññāsa diṭṭhiyo. Tāsu antānantikavādādīnaṃ sassatadiṭṭhisaṅgahabhāvo tattha tattha pakāsitoyeva. Kiṃ panettha kāraṇaṃ, pubbantāparantā eva diṭṭhābhinivesassa visayabhāvena dassitā, na pana tadubhayamekajjhanti? Asambhavo evettha kāraṇaṃ. Na hi pubbantāparantesu viya tadubhayavinimutte majjhante diṭṭhikappanā sambhavati tadubhayantaramattena ittarakālattā. Atha pana paccuppannattabhāvo tadubhayavemajjhaṃ, evaṃ sati diṭṭhikappanākkhamo tassa ubhayasabhāvo pubbantāparantesuyeva antogadhoti kathaṃ tadubhayamekajjhaṃ adassitaṃ siyā. Atha vā pubbantāparantavantatāya ‘‘pubbantāparanto’’ti majjhanto vuccati, sopi ‘‘pubbantakappikā ca aparantakappikā ca pubbantāparantakappikā cā’’ti upari vadantena bhagavatā pubbantāparantehi visuṃ katvā vuttoyevāti daṭṭhabbo. Aṭṭhakathāyampi ‘‘sabbepi te pubbantāparantakappike’’ti etena sāmaññaniddesena, ekasesena vā saṅgahitoti veditabbaṃ. Aññathā hi saṅkaḍḍhitvā vuttavacanassa niravasesasaṅkaḍḍhanābhāvato anatthakatā āpajjeyyāti. Ke pana te pubbantāparantakappikāti? Ye antānantikā hutvā diṭṭhadhammanibbānavādāti evamādinā ubhayasambandhābhinivesino veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para100-104"></a><span class="paranum">100-104</span>. <span class="bld">‘‘Idānī’’</span>tiādinā appanāvacanadvayassa visesaṃ dasseti. Tattha <span class="bld">ekajjha</span>nti rāsikaraṇatthe nipāto. Ekadhā karotīti <span class="bld">ekajjha</span>ntipi neruttikā, bhāvanapuṃsakañcetaṃ. <span class="bld">Iti</span>-saddo idamattho, iminā pakārena pucchitvā vissajjesīti attho. <span class="bld">Ajjhāsaya</span>nti <a name="V1.0397"></a> sassatucchedavasena diṭṭhijjhāsayaṃ. Tadubhayavasena hi sattānaṃ saṃkilesapakkhe duvidho ajjhāsayo. Tathā hi vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sassatucchedadiṭṭhi ca, khanti cevānulomikā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yathābhūtañca yaṃ ñāṇaṃ, etaṃ āsayasaddita’’nti. (visuddhi. ṭī. 1.136; dī. ni. ṭī. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā; sārattha. ṭī. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā, verajjakaṇḍavaṇṇanā; vi. vi. ṭī. 1.verañjakaṇḍavaṇṇanāpi passitabbaṃ);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tañca <a name="M1.0454"></a> bhagavā aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ aparimāṇe eva ñeyyavisese uppajjanavasena anekabhedabhinnampi ‘‘cattāro janā sassatavādā’’tiādinā dvāsaṭṭhiyā pabhedehi saṅgaṇhanavasena sabbaññutaññāṇena paricchinditvā dassento pamāṇabhūtāya tulāya dhārayamāno viya hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tulāya tulayanto viyā’’</span>ti. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘antojālīkatā’’tiādi (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.146) <span class="bld">‘‘sinerupādato vālukaṃ uddharanto viyā’’</span>ti pana etena sabbaññutaññāṇato aññassa ñāṇassa imissā desanāya asakkuṇeyyataṃ dasseti paramagambhīratāvacanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca ‘‘sabbe te imeheva dvāsaṭṭhiyā vatthūhi, etesaṃ vā aññatarena, natthi ito bahiddhā’’ti vacanato, pubbantakappikādittayavinimuttassa ca kassaci diṭṭhigatikassa abhāvato yāni tāni sāmaññaphalādisuttantaresu vuttappakārāni akiriyāhetukanatthikavādādīni, yāni ca issarapakatipajāpatipurisakālasabhāvaniyatiyadicchāvādādippabhedāni diṭṭhigatāni (visuddhi. 1.160-162; vibha. anuṭī. 2.194-195 vākyakhandhesu passitabbaṃ) bahiddhāpi dissamānāni, tesaṃ ettheva saṅgahato antogadhatā veditabbā. Kathaṃ? Akiriyavādo tāva ‘‘vañjho kūṭaṭṭho’’tiādinā kiriyābhāvadīpanato sassatavāde antogadho, tathā ‘‘sattime kāyā’’tiādi (dī. ni. 1.174) nayappavatto pakudhavādo, ‘‘natthi hetu natthi paccayo sattānaṃ saṃkilesāyā’’tiādi (dī. ni. 1.168) nayappavatto ahetukavādo ca adhiccasamuppannavāde. ‘‘Natthi paro loko’’tiādi (dī. ni. 1.171) nayappavatto natthikavādo ucchedavāde. Tathā hi tattha ‘‘kāyassa bhedā ucchijjatī’’tiādi (dī. ni. 1.85) vuttaṃ. Paṭhamena <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena nigaṇṭhavādādayo saṅgahitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadipi <a name="V1.0398"></a> pāḷiyaṃ (dī. ni. 1.177) nāṭaputtavādabhāvena cātuyāmasaṃvaro āgato, tathāpi sattavatātikkamena vikkhepavāditāya nāṭaputtavādopi sañcayavādo viya amarāvikkhepavādesu antogadho. ‘‘Taṃ jīvaṃ taṃ sarīraṃ, aññaṃ jīvaṃ aññaṃ sarīra’’nti (dī. ni. 1.377; ma. ni. 2.122; saṃ. ni. 2.35) evaṃpakārā vādā pana ‘‘rūpī attā hoti arogo <a name="M1.0455"></a> paraṃ maraṇā’’tiādivādesu saṅgahaṃ gacchanti. ‘‘Hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā, atthi sattā opapātikā’’ti evaṃpakārā sassatavāde. ‘‘Na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā, natthi sattā opapātikā’’ti evaṃpakārā ucchedavāde. ‘‘Hoti ca na hoti ca tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā, atthi ca natthi ca sattā opapātikā’’ti evaṃpakārā ekaccasassatavāde. ‘‘Neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā, nevatthi na natthi sattā opapātikā’’ti evaṃpakārā amarāvikkhepavāde. Issarapakatipajāpatipurisakālavādā ekaccasassatavāde. Kaṇādavādo, sabhāvaniyatiyadicchāvādā ca adhiccasamuppannavāde saṅgahaṃ gacchanti. Iminā nayena suttantaresu, bahiddhā ca aññatitthiyasamaye dissamānānaṃ diṭṭhigatānaṃ imāsuyeva dvāsaṭṭhiyā diṭṭhīsu antogadhatā veditabbā. Te pana tattha tatthāgatanayena vuccamānā ganthavitthārakarā, atitthe ca pakkhandanamiva hotīti na vitthārayimha. Idha pāḷiyaṃ atthavicāraṇāya aṭṭhakathāyaṃ anuttānatthapakāsanameva hi amhākaṃ bhāroti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Evamayaṃ yathānusandhivasena desanā āgatā’’ti vacanappasaṅgena suttassānusandhayo vibhajituṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tayo hī’’</span>tiādimāha. Atthantaranisedhanatthañhi visesaniddhāraṇaṃ. Tattha anusandhanaṃ <span class="bld">anusandhi,</span> sambandhamattaṃ, yaṃ desanāya kāraṇaṭṭhena ‘‘samuṭṭhāna’’ntipi vuccati. Pucchādayo hi desanāya bāhirakāraṇaṃ tadanurūpena desanāpavattanato. Taṃsambandhopi tannissitattā kāraṇameva. Abbhantarakāraṇaṃ pana mahākaruṇādesanāñāṇādayo. Ayamattho upari āvi bhavissati. Pucchāya kato anusandhi <span class="bld">pucchānusandhi,</span> pucchaṃ anusandhiṃ katvā desitattā suttassa sambandho pucchāya kato nāma hoti. Pucchāsaṅkhāto anusandhi <span class="bld">pucchānusandhī</span>tipi yujjati. Pucchānissitena hi anusandhinā tannissayabhūtā pucchāpi gahitāti. Atha vā anusandhahatīti <span class="bld">anusandhi,</span> pucchāsaṅkhāto anusandhi etassāti <span class="bld">pucchānusandhi,</span> taṃtaṃsuttapadeso. Pucchāya vā anusandhīyatīti <span class="bld">pucchānusandhi,</span> pucchaṃ vacanasambandhaṃ katvā desito taṃsamuṭṭhāniko taṃtaṃsuttapadesova. <span class="bld">Ajjhāsayānusandhi</span>mhipi eseva nayo. Anusandhīyatīti anusandhi, yo yo anusandhi, anusandhino anurūpaṃ vā <span class="bld">yathānusandhi.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Pucchāya, ajjhāsayena ca ananusandhiko ādimhi desitadhammassa anurūpadhammavasena vā tappaṭipakkhadhammavasena <a name="V1.0399"></a> vā pavatto uparisuttapadeso. Tathā <a name="M1.0456"></a> hi so ‘‘yena pana dhammena…pe… kakacūpamā āgatā’’tiādinā (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.100-104) aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vutto, yathāpāḷimayaṃ vibhāgoti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘tatthā’’</span>tiādinā. Tattha ‘‘evaṃ vutte nando gopālako bhagavantaṃ etadavocā’’ti paṭhanti, taṃ na sundaraṃ sutte tathā abhāvato. ‘‘Evaṃ vutte nandagopālakasutte bhagavantaṃ etadavocā’’ti pana paṭhitabbaṃ tasmiṃ sutte ‘‘aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavocā’’ti atthassa upapattito. Idañhi saṃyuttāgamavare <span class="bld">saḷāyatanavagge</span> saṅgītasuttaṃ. Gaṅgāya vuyhamānaṃ dārukkhandhaṃ upamaṃ katvā saddhāpabbajite kulaputte desite nando gopālako ‘‘ahamimaṃ paṭipattiṃ pūressāmī’’ti bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, upasampadañca gahetvā tathāpaṭipajjamāno nacirasseva arahattaṃ patto. Tasmā ‘‘nandagopālakasutta’’nti paññāyittha. ‘‘Kiṃ nu kho bhante’’tiādīni pana aññataroyeva bhikkhu avoca. Vuttañhi tattha ‘‘evaṃ vutte aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘kiṃ nu kho bhante, orimaṃ tīra’ntiādi’’.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyamattho – <span class="bld">evaṃ vutte</span>ti ‘‘sace kho bhikkhave, dārukkhandho na orimaṃ tīraṃ upagacchatī’’tiādinā gaṅgāya vuyhamānaṃ dārukkhandhaṃ upamaṃ katvā saddhāpabbajite kulaputte desite. <span class="bld">Bhagavantaṃ etadavocā</span>ti anusandhikusalatāya ‘‘kiṃ nu kho bhante’’tiādivacanamavoca. Tathāgato hi ‘‘imissaṃ parisati nisinno anusandhi kusalo atthi, so maṃ pañhaṃ pucchissatī’’ti ettakeneva desanaṃ niṭṭhāpesi. <span class="bld">Orimaṃ tīra</span>nti orimabhūtaṃ tīraṃ. Tathā <span class="bld">pārimaṃ tīra</span>nti. <span class="bld">Majjhe saṃsīdo</span>ti vemajjhe saṃsīdanaṃ nimmujjanaṃ. <span class="bld">Thale ussādo</span>ti jalamajjhe uṭṭhite thalasmiṃ ussārito āruḷho. <span class="bld">Manussaggāho</span>ti manussānaṃ sambandhībhūtānaṃ, manussehi vā gahaṇaṃ. Tathā <span class="bld">amanussaggāho</span>ti <span class="bld">āvaṭṭaggāho</span>ti udakāvaṭṭena gahaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Antopūtī</span>ti vakkahadayādīsu apūtikassāpi guṇānaṃ pūtibhāvena abbhantaraṃpūtīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Atha kho aññatarassa bhikkhuno’’</span>tiādi majjhimāgamavare uparipaṇṇāsake <span class="bld">mahāpuṇṇamasuttaṃ</span> (ma. ni. 3.88-90) tatrāyamattho – <span class="bld">iti kirā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">kira</span>-saddo aruciyaṃ, tena bhagavato yathādesitāya attasuññatāya attano aruciyabhāvaṃ dīpeti. <span class="bld">Bho</span>ti dhammālapanaṃ, ambho sabhāvadhammāti attho. Yadi rūpaṃ anattā…pe… viññāṇaṃ anattā. Evaṃ satīti <a name="M1.0457"></a> sapāṭhasesayojanā. <span class="bld">Anattakatānī</span>ti attanā na katāni, anattabhūtehi vā khandhehi katāni. <span class="bld">Kamattānaṃ phusissantī</span>ti kīdisamattabhāvaṃ phusissanti. Asati attani khandhānañca khaṇikattā tāni kammāni kaṃ nāma attānaṃ attano phalena phusissanti, ko kammaphalaṃ <a name="V1.0400"></a> paṭisaṃvedissatīti vuttaṃ hoti. Tassa bhikkhuno cetoparivitakkaṃ attano cetasā ceto – pariyañāṇasampayuttena sabbaññutaññāṇasampayuttena vā aññāya jānitvāti sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Avidvā</span>ti sutādivirahena ariyadhammassa akovidatāya apaṇḍito. <span class="bld">Vidvā</span>ti hi paṇḍitādhivacanaṃ vidati jānātīti katvā. <span class="bld">Avijjāgato</span>ti avijjāya upagato, ariyadhamme avinītatāya appahīnāvijjoti attho. <span class="bld">Taṇhādhipateyyena cetasā</span>ti ‘‘yadi ahaṃ nāma koci natthi, evaṃ sati mayā katassa kammassa phalaṃ ko paṭisaṃvedeti, sati pana tasmiṃ siyā kammaphalūpabhogo’’ti taṇhādhipatito āgatena attavādupādānasahagatena cetasā. <span class="bld">Atidhāvitabba</span>nti atikkamitvā dhāvitabbaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – khaṇikattepi saṅkhārānaṃ yasmiṃ santāne kammaṃ kataṃ, tattheva phalūpapattito dhammapuñjamattasseva siddhe kammaphalasambandhe ekattanayaṃ micchā gahetvā ekena kārakavedakabhūtena bhavitabbaṃ, aññathā kammakammaphalānamasambandho siyāti attattaniyasuññatāpakāsanaṃ satthusāsanaṃ atikkamitabbaṃ maññeyyāti. Idāni anatidhāvitabbataṃ vibhāvetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññathā’’</span>tiādimāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Upari desanā</span>ti desanāsamuṭṭhānadhammadīpikāya heṭṭhimadesanāya upari pavattitā desanā. Desanāsamuṭṭhānadhammassa anurūpapaṭipakkhadhammappakāsanavasena duvidhesu yathānusandhīsu anurūpadhammappakāsanavasena yathānusandhidassanametaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘upari cha abhiññā āgatā’’</span>ti. Tadavasesaṃ pana sabbampi paṭipakkhadhammappakāsanavasena. Majjhimāgamavare mūlapaṇṇāsakeyeva cetāni suttāni. <span class="bld">Kilesenā</span>ti ‘‘lobho cittassa upakkileso’’tiādinā kilesavasena. <span class="bld">Bhaṇḍanenā</span>ti vivādena. <span class="bld">Akkhantiyā</span>ti kopena. <span class="bld">Kakacūpamā</span>ti kharapantiupamā. <span class="bld">Imasmimpī</span>ti <span class="bld">pi</span>-saddo apekkhāyaṃ ‘‘ayampi pārājiko’’tiādīsu (vi. 1.72-73, 167, 171, 195, 197) viya, sampiṇḍane vā, tena yathā vatthasuttādīsu paṭipakkhadhammappakāsanavasena yathānusandhi<a name="M1.0458"></a>, evaṃ imasmimpi brahmajāleti apekkhanaṃ, sampiṇḍanaṃ vā karoti. Tathā hi niccasārādipaññāpakānaṃ diṭṭhigatānaṃ vasena uṭṭhitāyaṃ desanā niccasārādisuññatāpakāsanena niṭṭhāpitāti. <span class="bld">‘‘Tenā’’</span>tiādinā yathāvuttasaṃvaṇṇanāya guṇaṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Paritassitavipphanditavāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para105-117"></a><span class="paranum">105-117</span>. <span class="bld">Mariyādavibhāgadassanattha</span>nti diṭṭhigatikānaṃ taṇhādiṭṭhiparāmāsassa tathāgatānaṃ jānanapassanena, sassatādimicchādassanassa ca sammādassanena saṅkarābhāva-vibhāgappakāsanatthaṃ. Taṇhādiṭṭhiparāmāsoyeva <a name="V1.0401"></a> tesaṃ, na tu tathāgatānamiva yathābhūtaṃ jānanapassanaṃ. Taṇhādiṭṭhivipphandanamevetaṃ micchādassanavedayitaṃ, na tu sotāpannassa sammādassanavedayitamiva niccalanti ca hi imāya desanāya mariyādavibhāgaṃ dasseti. Tena vakkhati ‘‘yena diṭṭhiassādena…pe… taṃ vedayita’’nti, ‘‘diṭṭhisaṅkhātena ceva…pe… dassetī’’ti ca. ‘‘Tadapī’’ti vuttattā yena somanassajātā paññapentīti attho labbhatīti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yenā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Sāmatthiyato hi avagatatthassevettha ta-saddena parāmasanaṃ. <span class="bld">Diṭṭhiassādenā</span>ti diṭṭhiyā paccayabhūtena assādena. <span class="bld">‘‘Diṭṭhisukhenā’’</span>tiādi tasseva vevacanaṃ. Ajānantānaṃ apassantānaṃ tesaṃ bhavantānaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ tadapi vedayitaṃ taṇhāgatānaṃ vedayitanti sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Yathābhūtadhammānaṃ sabhāva’’</span>nti ca avisesena vuttaṃ. Na hi saṅkhatadhammasabhāvaṃ ajānanamattena micchā abhinivisanti. Sāmaññajotanā ca visese avatiṭṭhati. Tasmāyamettha visesayojanā kātabbā – ‘‘sassato attā ca loko cā’’ti idaṃ diṭṭhiṭṭhānaṃ evaṃgahitaṃ evaṃparāmaṭṭhaṃ evaṃgatikaṃ hoti evaṃabhisamparāyanti yathābhūtamajānantānaṃ apassantānaṃ atha vā yasmiṃ vedayite avītataṇhatāya evaṃdiṭṭhigataṃ upādīyati, taṃ vedayitaṃ samudayaatthaṅgamādito yathābhūtamajānantānaṃ apassantānanti. Evaṃ visesayojanāya hi yathā anāvaraṇañāṇasamantacakkhūhi tathāgatānaṃ yathābhūtamettha jānanaṃ, passanañca hoti, na evaṃ diṭṭhigatikānaṃ, atha kho tesaṃ taṇhādiṭṭhiparāmāsoyevāti imamatthaṃ imāya desanāya dassetīti pākaṭaṃ hoti. Evampi cāyaṃ desanā mariyādavibhāgadassanatthaṃ jātā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vedayita</span>nti <a name="M1.0459"></a> ‘‘sassato attā ca loko cā’’ti (dī. ni. 1.31) diṭṭhipaññāpanavasena pavattaṃ diṭṭhissādasukhapariyāyena vuttaṃ, tadapi anubhavanaṃ. <span class="bld">Taṇhāgatāna</span>nti taṇhāya upagatānaṃ, pavattānaṃ vā tadeva vuttinayena vivarati <span class="bld">‘‘kevalaṃ…pe… vedayita’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Tañca kho paneta</span>nti ca yathāvuttaṃ vedayitameva paccāmasati, tenetaṃ dīpeti – ‘‘tadapi vedayitaṃ taṇhāgatānaṃ vedayitamevā’’ti vacchinditvā ‘‘tadapi vedayitaṃ paritassitavipphanditamevā’’ti puna sambandho kātabboti. Tadapi tāva na sampāpuṇātīti heṭṭhimaparicchedena mariyādavibhāgaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘na sotāpannassa dassanamiva niccala’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Dassana</span>nti ca sammādassanasukhaṃ, maggaphalasukhanti vuttaṃ hoti. Kuto cāyamattho labbhatīti eva-saddasāmatthiyato. ‘‘Paritassitavipphanditamevā’’ti hi vuttena maggaphalasukhaṃ viya avipphanditaṃ hutvā ekarūpe avatiṭṭhati, atha kho taṃ vaṭṭāmisabhūtaṃ diṭṭhitaṇhāsallānuviddhatāya sauppīḷattā vipphanditamevāti <a name="V1.0402"></a> attho āpanno hoti, tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘paritassitenā’’</span>tiādi. Ayamettha aṭṭhakathāmuttako sasambandhanayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ visesakāraṇato dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhigatāni vibhajitvā idāni avisesakāraṇato tāni dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tatra bhikkhave’’</span>tiādikā desanā āraddhā. Sabbesañhi diṭṭhigatānaṃ vedanā, avijjā, taṇhā ca avisiṭṭhakāraṇaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">tadapī</span>ti ‘‘sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapentī’’ti ettha yadetaṃ ‘‘sassato attā ca loko cā’’ti paññāpanahetubhūtaṃ sukhādibhedaṃ tividhampi vedayitaṃ, tadapi yathākkamaṃ dukkhasallāniccato, avisesena samudayatthaṅgamassādādīnavanissaraṇato vā yathābhūtamajānantānaṃ apassantānaṃ hoti, tato eva ca sukhādipatthanāsambhavato, taṇhāya ca upagatattā taṇhāgatānaṃ taṇhāparitassitena diṭṭhivipphanditameva diṭṭhicalanameva. ‘‘Asati attani ko vedanaṃ anubhavatī’’ti kāyavacīdvāresu diṭṭhiyā copanappattimattameva, na pana diṭṭhiyā paññapetabbo koci dhammo sassato atthīti adhippāyoti. Ekaccasassatādīsupi esa nayo.</p>
<p class="subhead">Phassapaccayavāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para118"></a><span class="paranum">118</span>. <span class="bld">Paramparapaccayadassanattha</span>nti yaṃ diṭṭhiyā mūlakāraṇaṃ, tassāpi kāraṇaṃ, puna tassapi kāraṇanti evaṃ paccayaparamparadassanatthaṃ. Yena hi taṇhāparitassitena <a name="M1.0460"></a> etāni diṭṭhigatāni pavattanti, tassa vedayitaṃ paccayo, vedayitassāpi phasso paccayoti evaṃ paccayaparamparavibhāvinī ayaṃ desanā. Kimatthiyaṃ pana paccayaparamparadassananti ce? Atthantaraviññāpanatthaṃ. Tena hi yathā diṭṭhisaṅkhāto paññāpanadhammo, tappaccayadhammā ca yathāsakaṃ paccayavaseneva uppajjanti, na paccayehi vinā, evaṃ paññapetabbadhammāpi rūpavedanādayo, na ettha koci sassato attā vā loko vāti evamatthantaraṃ viññāpitaṃ hoti. Taṇhādiṭṭhipariphanditaṃ tadapi vedayitaṃ diṭṭhikāraṇabhūtāya taṇhāya paccayabhūtaṃ phassapaccayā hotīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para131"></a><span class="paranum">131</span>. <span class="bld">Tassa paccayassā</span>ti tassa phassasaṅkhātassa paccayassa. <span class="bld">Diṭṭhivedayite</span> diṭṭhiyā paccayabhūte vedayite, phassapadhānehi attano paccayehi nipphādetabbe. Sādhetabbe cetaṃ bhummaṃ. <span class="bld">Balavabhāvadassanattha</span>nti balavakāraṇabhāvadassanatthaṃ. Tathā hi vināpi cakkhādivatthūhi, sampayuttadhammehi ca kehici vedanā uppajjati, na pana kadācipi phassena vinā, tasmā phasso <a name="V1.0403"></a> vedanāya balavakāraṇaṃ. Na kevalaṃ vedanāya eva, atha kho sesasampayuttadhammānampi. Sannihitopi hi visayo sace cittuppādo phusanākāravirahito hoti, na tassa ārammaṇapaccayo bhavatīti phasso sabbesampi sampayuttadhammānaṃ visesapaccayo. Tathā hi bhagavatā <span class="bld">dhammasaṅgaṇīpakaraṇe</span> cittuppādaṃ vibhajantena ‘‘phasso hotī’’ti phassasseva paṭhamamuddharaṇaṃ kataṃ, vedanāya pana sātisayamadhiṭṭhānapaccayo eva. ‘‘Paṭisaṃvedissantī’’ti vuttattā ‘‘tadapī’’ti etthādhikāroti āha <span class="bld">‘‘taṃ vedayita’’</span>nti. Gamyamānatthassa vā-saddassa payogaṃ pati kāmacārattā, lopattā, sesattāpi ca esa na payutto. Evamīdisesu. Hoti cettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Gamyamānādhikārato, lopato sesato cāti;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kāraṇehi catūhipi, na katthaci ravo yutto’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Yathā hī’’</span>tiādinā phassassa balavakāraṇatādassanena tadatthaṃ samattheti. Tattha <span class="bld">patato</span>ti patantassa. <span class="bld">Thūṇā</span>ti upatthambhakadārussetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Diṭṭhigatikādhiṭṭhānavaṭṭakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para144"></a><span class="paranum">144</span>. Kiñcāpi <a name="M1.0461"></a> imasmiṃ ṭhāne pāḷiyaṃ vedayitamanāgataṃ, heṭṭhā pana tīsupi vāresu adhikatattā, upari ca ‘‘phussa phussa paṭisaṃvedentī’’ti vakkhamānattā vedayitamevettha padhānanti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sabbadiṭṭhivedayitāni sampiṇḍetī’’</span>ti. ‘‘Yepi te’’ti tattha tattha āgatassa ca pi-saddassa atthaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘sampiṇḍetī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā sassatavādā…pe… sabbepi te chahi phassāyatanehi phussa phussa paṭisaṃvedentīti hi vedayitakiriyāvasena taṃtaṃdiṭṭhigatikānaṃ sampiṇḍitattā vedayitasampiṇḍanameva jātaṃ. Sabbampi hi vākyaṃ kiriyāpadhānanti. <span class="bld">Upari phasse pakkhipanatthāyā</span>ti ‘‘chahi phassāyatanehī’’ti vutte upari phasse pakkhipanatthaṃ, pakkhipanañcettha vedayitassa phassapaccayatādassanameva. ‘‘Chahi phassāyatanehi phussa phussa paṭisaṃvedentī’’ti iminā hi chahi ajjhattikāyatanehi chaḷārammaṇapaṭisaṃvedanaṃ ekantato chaphassahetukamevāti dassitaṃ hoti, tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sabbe te’’</span>tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kambojo</span>ti evaṃnāmakaṃ raṭṭhaṃ. Tathā <span class="bld">dakkhiṇāpatho. </span> <span class="bld">‘‘Sañjātiṭṭhāne’’</span>ti iminā sañjāyanti etthāti adhikaraṇattho <span class="bld">sañjāti</span>-saddoti dasseti. Evaṃ <span class="bld">samosaraṇa</span>-saddo. <span class="bld">Āyatana</span>-saddopi tadubhayatthe. <span class="bld">Āyatane</span>ti samosaraṇabhūte catumahāpathe. <span class="bld">Na</span>nti mahānigrodharukkhaṃ. Idañhi aṅguttarāgame <a name="V1.0404"></a> pañcanipāte saddhānisaṃsasuttapadaṃ. Tattha ca seyyathāpi bhikkhave subhūmiyaṃ catumahāpathe mahānigrodho samantā pakkhīnaṃ paṭisaraṇaṃ hotī’’ti (a. ni. 5.38) tanniddeso vutto. <span class="bld">Sati satiāyatane</span>ti satisaṅkhāte kāraṇe vijjamāne, tatra tatreva sakkhitabbataṃ pāpuṇātīti attho. Āyatanti ettha phalāni tadāyattavuttitāya pavattanti, āyabhūtaṃ vā attano phalaṃ tanoti pavattetīti <span class="bld">āyatanaṃ,</span> kāraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Sammantī</span>ti upasammanti assāsaṃ janenti. <span class="bld">Āyatana</span>-saddo aññesu viya na ettha atthantarāvabodhakoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘paṇṇattimatte’’</span>ti, tathā tathā paññattimatteti attho. Rukkhagacchasamūhe paṇṇattimatte hi araññavohāro, araññameva ca araññāyatananti. <span class="bld">Atthattayepī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">pi</span>-saddena ākaranivāsādhiṭṭhānatthe sampiṇḍeti. ‘‘Hiraññāyatanaṃ suvaṇṇāyatana’’ntiādīsu <a name="M1.0462"></a> hi ākare, ‘‘issarāyatanaṃ vāsudevāyatana’’ntiādīsu nivāse, ‘‘kammāyatanaṃ sippāyatana’’ntiādīsu adhiṭṭhāne pavattati, nissayeti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āyatanti ettha ākaronti, nivasanti, adhiṭṭhahantīti yathākkamaṃ vacanattho. Cakkhādīsu ca phassādayo ākiṇṇā, tāni ca nesaṃ vāso, adhiṭṭhānañca nissayapaccayabhāvato. Tasmā tadetampi atthattayamidha yujjatiyeva. Kathaṃ yujjatīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘cakkhādīsu hī’’</span>tiādi. Phasso vedanā saññā cetanā cittanti ime phassapañcamakā dhammā upalakkhaṇavasena vuttā aññesampi taṃsampayuttadhammānaṃ āyatanabhāvato, padhānavasena vā. Tathā hi cittuppādaṃ vibhajantena bhagavatā teyeva ‘‘phasso hoti, vedanā, saññā, cetanā, cittaṃ hotī’’ti paṭhamaṃ vibhattā. <span class="bld">Sañjāya</span>nti tannissayārammaṇabhāvena tattheva uppattito. <span class="bld">Samosara</span>nti tattha tattha vatthudvārārammaṇabhāvena samosaraṇato. Tāni ca nesaṃ kāraṇaṃ tesamabhāve abhāvato. Ayaṃ pana yathāvutto sañjātidesādiattho ruḷhivaseneva tattha tattha niruḷhatāya eva pavattattāti <span class="bld">ācariyaānandattherena</span> vuttaṃ. Ayaṃ pana padatthavivaraṇamukhena pavatto attho – āyatanato, āyānaṃ tananato, āyatassa ca nayanato <span class="bld">āyatanaṃ.</span> Cakkhādīsu hi taṃtaṃdvārārammaṇā cittacetasikā dhammā sena sena anubhavanādikiccena āyatanti uṭṭhahanti ghaṭenti vāyamanti, āyabhūte ca dhamme etāni tanonti vitthārenti, āyatañca saṃsāradukkhaṃ nayanti pavattentīti. <span class="bld">Iti iminā nayenā</span>ti ettha ādiatthena <span class="bld">iti</span> saddena ‘‘sotaṃ paṭiccā’’tiādipāḷiṃ saṅgaṇhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">tiṇṇa</span>nti cakkhupasādarūpārammaṇacakkhuviññāṇādīnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ visayindriyaviññāṇānaṃ. Tesaṃ samāgamanabhāvena gahetabbato <span class="bld">‘‘phasso saṅgatī’’</span>ti vutto. Tathā hi <a name="V1.0405"></a> so ‘‘sannipātapaccupaṭṭhāno’’ti vuccati. Iminā nayena āropetvāti sambandho. Tena imamatthaṃ dasseti – yathā ‘‘cakkhuṃpaṭicca…pe… phasso’’ti (ma. ni. 1.204; 3.421, 425, 426; saṃ. ni. 2.43, 45; 2.4.61; kathā. 465) etasmiṃ sutte vijjamānesupi saññādīsu sampayuttadhammesu vedanāya padhānakāraṇabhāvadassanatthaṃ phassasīsena desanā katā, evamidhāpi ‘‘phassapaccayā vedanā’’tiādinā phassaṃ ādiṃ katvā <a name="M1.0463"></a> aparantapaṭisandhānena paccayaparamparaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘chahi phassāyatanehī’’ti ca ‘‘phussa phussā’’ti ca phassasīsena desanā katāti. <span class="bld">Phassāyatanādīnī</span>ti <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena ‘‘phussa phussā’’ti vacanaṃ saṅgaṇhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Kiñcāpī’’</span>tiādinā saddamattato codanālesaṃ dassetvā <span class="bld">‘‘tathāpī’’</span>tiādinā atthato taṃ pariharati. Na āyatanāni phusanti rūpānamanārammaṇabhāvato. Phasso arūpadhammo visamāno ekadesena ārammaṇaṃ analliyamānopi phusanākārena pavatto phusanto viya hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘phassova taṃ taṃ ārammaṇaṃ phusatī’’</span>ti. Teneva so ‘‘phusanalakkhaṇo, saṅghaṭṭanaraso’’ti ca vuccati. ‘‘Chahi phassāyatanehi phussa phussā’’ti aphusanakiccānipi nissitavohārena phusanakiccāni katvā dassanameva phasse upanikkhipanaṃ nāma yathā ‘‘mañcā ghosantī’’ti. <span class="bld">Upanikkhipitvā</span>ti hi phusanakiccāropanavasena phassasmiṃ pavesetvāti attho. Phassagatikāni katvā phassupacāraṃ āropetvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Upacāro nāma vohāramattaṃ, na tena atthasiddhi ataṃsabhāvato. Atthasijjhanako pana taṃsabhāvoyeva attho gahetabboti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tasmā’’</span>tiādimāha. Yathāhu –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Atthañhi nātho saraṇaṃ avoca,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na byañjanaṃ lokahito mahesī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Attano paccayabhūtānaṃ channaṃ phassānaṃ vasena cakkhusamphassajā yāva manosamphassajāti saṅkhepato chabbidhaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘chaphassāyatanasambhavā vedanā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Vitthārato pana –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Phassato chabbidhāpetā, upavicārabhedato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tidhā nissitato dvīhi, tidhā kālena vaḍḍhitā’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Aṭṭhasatapariyāye vuttanayena aṭṭhasatappabhedā. Mahāvihāravāsino cettha yathā viññāṇaṃ nāmarūpaṃ saḷāyatanaṃ<a name="V1.0406"></a>, evaṃ phassaṃ, vedanañca paccayapaccayuppannampi sasantatipariyāpannaṃ dīpento vipākameva icchanti, aññe pana yathā tathā vā paccayabhāvo sati na sakkā vajjetunti sabbameva icchanti. <span class="bld">Sā</span>ti yathāvuttappabhedā vedanā. <span class="bld">Rūpataṇhādibhedāyā</span>ti ‘‘seṭṭhiputto <a name="M1.0464"></a> brāhmaṇaputto’’ti pitunāmavasena viya ārammaṇanāmavasena vuttāya rūpataṇhā yāva dhammataṇhāti saṅkhepato chabbidhāya. Vitthārato pana –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Rūpataṇhādikā kāma-taṇhādīhi tidhā puna;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Santānato dvidhā kāla-bhedena guṇitā siyu’’nti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ vuttaaṭṭhasatappabhedāya. <span class="bld">Upanissayakoṭiyā</span>ti upanissayasīsena. Kasmā panettha upanissayapaccayova uddhaṭo, nanu sukhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā ca taṇhāya ārammaṇamattaārammaṇādhipatiārammaṇūpanissayapakatūpanissayavasena catudhā paccayo, dukkhā ca ārammaṇamattapakatūpanissayavasena dvidhāti? Saccametaṃ, upanissaye eva pana taṃ sabbampi antogadhanti evamuddhaṭo. Yuttaṃ tāva ārammaṇūpanissayassa upanissayasāmaññato upanissaye antogadhatā, kathaṃ pana ārammaṇamattaārammaṇādhipatīnaṃ tattha antogadhabhāvo siyāti? Tesampi ārammaṇasāmaññato ārammaṇūpanissayena saṅgahitattā ārammaṇūpanissayavasamodhānabhūteva upanissaye eva antogadhatā hoti. Etadatthameva hi sandhāya ‘‘upanissayenā’’ti avatvā ‘‘upanissayakoṭiyā’’ti vuttaṃ. Siddhe hi satyārambho niyamāya vā hoti atthantaraviññāpanāya vāti. Evamīdisesu.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Catubbidhassā</span>ti kāmupādānaṃ yāva attavādupādānanti catubbidhassa. Nanu ca taṇhāva kāmupādānaṃ, kathaṃ sāyeva tassa paccayo siyāti? Saccaṃ, purimataṇhāya pana upanissayapaccayena pacchimataṇhāya daḷhabhāvato purimāyeva taṇhā pacchimāya paccayo bhavati. Taṇhādaḷhattameva hi ‘‘kāmupādānaṃ upāyāso upakaṭṭhā’’tiādīsu viya <span class="bld">upa</span>-saddassa daḷhatthe pavattanato. Apica dubbalā taṇhā taṇhāyeva, balavatī taṇhā kāmupādānaṃ. Atha vā apattavisayapatthanā taṇhā tamasi corānaṃ hatthapasāraṇaṃ viya, sampattavisayaggahaṇaṃ kāmupādānaṃ corānaṃ hatthagatabhaṇḍaggahaṇaṃ viya. Appicchatāpaṭipakkhā taṇhā. Santuṭṭhitāpaṭipakkhaṃ kāmupādānaṃ. Pariyesanadukkhamūlaṃ taṇhā, ārakkhadukkhamūlaṃ kāmupādānaṃ. Ayampi tesaṃ viseso kecivādavasena ācariyadhammapālattherena (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.144) dassito purimanayasseva visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 1.144) sakavādabhāvena vuttattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Asahajātassa <a name="V1.0407"></a><a name="M1.0465"></a> upādānassa upanissayakoṭiyā, sahajātassa pana sahajātakoṭiyāti yathālābhamattho gahetabbo. Tattha asahajātā anantaraniruddhā anantarasamanantaraanantarūpanissayanatthivigatāsevanapaccayehi chadhā paccayo. Ārammaṇabhūtā pana ārammaṇamattaārammaṇādhipatiārammaṇūpanissayehi tidhā, taṃ sabbampi vuttanayena upanissayeneva saṅgahetvā <span class="bld">‘‘upanissayakoṭiyā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Yasmā ca taṇhāya rūpādīni assādetvā kāmesu pātabyataṃ āpajjati, tasmā taṇhā kāmupādānassa upanissayakoṭiyā paccayo. Tathā rūpādibhede sammūḷho ‘‘natthi dinna’’ntiādinā (dī. ni. 1.171; ma. ni. 1.445; 2.94-95, 225; 3.91, 116, 136; saṃ. ni. 3.210; a. ni. 10.176, 217; dha. sa. 1221; vibha. 907, 925, 971) micchādassanaṃ, saṃsārato muccitukāmo asuddhimagge suddhimaggaparāmasanaṃ, khandhesu attattaniyagāhabhūtaṃ sakkāyadassanañca gaṇhāti. Tasmā itaresampi tiṇṇaṃ taṇhā upanissayakoṭiyā paccayoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sahajātā pana sahajātaaññamaññanissayasampayuttaatthiavigatahetuvasena sattadhā sahajātānaṃ paccayo. Tampi sabbaṃ sahajātapaccayeneva saṅgahetvā <span class="bld">‘‘sahajātakoṭiyā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhavassā</span>ti kammabhavassa ceva upapattibhavassa ca. Tattha cetanādisaṅkhātaṃ sabbaṃ bhavagāmikammaṃ kammabhavo. Kāmabhavādinavavidho upapattibhavo. Tesu upapattibhavassa catubbidhampi upādānaṃ upapattibhavahetubhūtassa kammabhavassa kāraṇabhāvato, tassa ca sahāyabhāvūpagamanato pakatūpanissayavasena paccayo. Kammārammaṇakaraṇakāle pana kammasahajātamupādānaṃ upapattibhavassa ārammaṇavasena paccayo. Kammabhavassa pana sahajātassa sahajātamupādānaṃ sahajātaaññamaññanissayasampayuttaatthiavigatavasena ceva hetumaggavasena ca anekadhā paccayo. Asahajātassa pana anantarassa asahajātamupādānaṃ anantarasamanantaraanantarūpanissayanatthivigatāsevanavasena, itarassa ca nānantarassa pakatūpanissayavasena, sammasanādikālesu ārammaṇādivasena ca paccayo. Tattha anantarādike upanissayapaccaye, sahajātādike ca sahajātapaccaye pakkhipitvā tathāti vuttaṃ, rūpūpahārattho vā hesa anukaḍḍhanattho vā. Tena hi upanissayakoṭiyā ceva sahajātakoṭiyā cāti atthaṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhavo</span> <a name="M1.0466"></a> <span class="bld">jātiyā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">bhavo</span>ti kammabhavo adhippeto. So hi jātiyā paccayo, na upapattibhavo. Jātiyeva hi upapattibhavoti, sā ca paṭhamābhinibbattakhandhā. Tena vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘jātīti panettha savikārā pañcakkhandhā daṭṭhabbā’’</span>ti, tenāyaṃ codanā nivattitā ‘‘nanu jātipi <a name="V1.0408"></a> bhavoyeva, kathaṃ so jātiyā paccayo’’ti, kathaṃ panetaṃ jānitabbaṃ ‘‘kammabhavo jātiyā paccayo’’ti ce? Bāhirapaccayasamattepi kammavaseneva hīnapaṇītādivisesadassanato. Yathāha bhagavā ‘‘kammaṃ satte vibhajati yadidaṃ hīnapaṇītatāyā’’ti (ma. ni. 3.289) <span class="bld">savikārā</span>ti nibbattivikārena savikārā, na aññehi, te ca atthato upapattibhavoyeva, so eva ca tassa kāraṇaṃ bhavitumayutto taṇhāya kāmupādānassa paccayabhāve viya purimapacchimādivisesānamasambhavato, tasmā kammabhavoyeva upapattibhavasaṅkhātāya jātiyā kammapaccayena ceva pakatūpanissayapaccayena ca paccayoti atthaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘kammapaccayaṃ upanissayeneva saṅgahetvā upanissayakoṭiyā paccayo’’ti vuttaṃ. Yasmā pana jātiyā sati jarāmaraṇaṃ, jarāmaraṇādinā phuṭṭhassa ca bālassa sokādayo sambhavanti, nāsati, tasmā jātijarāmaraṇādīnaṃ upanissayavasena paccayoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘jāti…pe… paccayo’’</span>ti vitthārato atthavinicchayassa akatattā, sahajātūpanissayasīseneva paccayavicāraṇāya ca, dassitattā, aṅgādividhānassa ca anāmaṭṭhattā <span class="bld">‘‘ayamettha saṅkhepo’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Mahāvisayattā paṭiccasamuppādavicāraṇāya niravasesā ayaṃ kuto laddhabbāti codanamapaneti <span class="bld">‘‘vitthārato’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">‘‘Idha panassā’’</span>tiādinā pāḷiyampi paṭiccasamuppādakathā ekadeseneva kathitāti dasseti. Tattha <span class="bld">idhā</span>ti imasmiṃ brahmajāle. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti paṭiccasamuppādassa. <span class="bld">Payojanamattamevā</span>ti diṭṭhiyā kāraṇabhūtavedanāvasena ekadesamattaṃ payojanameva. ‘‘Mattamevā’’ti hi avadhāraṇatthe pariyāyavacanaṃ ‘‘appaṃ vassasataṃ āyu, idānetarahi vijjatī’’tiādīsu viya aññamaññatthāvabodhanavasena sapayojanattā, <span class="bld">matta</span>-saddo vā pamāṇe, payojanasaṅkhātaṃ pamāṇameva, na taduttarīti attho. <span class="bld">‘‘Matta</span>-saddo avadhāraṇe <span class="bld">eva</span>-saddo sanniṭṭhāne’’tipi vadanti. Evaṃ sabbattha. Hoti cettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Mattamevāti <a name="M1.0467"></a> ekatthaṃ, mattapadaṃ pamāṇake;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mattāvadhāraṇe vā, sanniṭṭhānamhi cetara’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekadesenevidha pāḷiyaṃ kathitattā paṭiccasamuppādassa tathā kathane saddhiṃ udāharaṇena kāraṇaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘bhagavā hī’’</span>tiādimāha. Tena imamadhippāyaṃ dasseti ‘‘vaṭṭakathaṃ kathento bhagavā avijjā-taṇhā-diṭṭhīnamaññatarasīsena kathesi, tesu idha diṭṭhisīseneva kathento vedanāya diṭṭhiyā balavakāraṇattā vedanāmūlakaṃ ekadesameva paṭiccasamuppādaṃ kathesī’’ti. Etāni ca suttāni aṅguttaranikāye dasanipāte (a. ni. 10.61 vākyakhandhe) tattha <span class="bld">purimakoṭi na paññāyatī</span>ti asukassa nāma sammāsambuddhassa, cakkavattino vā kāle avijjā uppannā, na tato <a name="V1.0409"></a> pubbeti evaṃ avijjāya purimo ādimariyādo appaṭihatassa mama sabbaññutaññāṇassāpi na paññāyati tatā mariyādassa avijjamānattāti attho. <span class="bld">Evañceta</span>nti iminā mariyādābhāvena ayaṃ avijjā kāmaṃ vuccati. <span class="bld">Atha ca panā</span>ti evaṃ kālaniyamena mariyādābhāvena vuccamānāpi. <span class="bld">Idappaccayā</span>ti imasmā pañcanīvaraṇasaṅkhātapaccayā <span class="bld">avijjā</span> sambhavatīti evaṃ dhammaniyāmena avijjāya koṭi <span class="bld">paññāyatī</span>ti attho. ‘‘Ko cāhāro avijjāya, ‘pañca nīvaraṇā’ tissa vacanīya’’nti (a. ni. 10.61) hi tattheva vuttaṃ, ṭīkāyaṃ pana ‘‘āsavapaccayā’’ti (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.144) āha, taṃ udāharaṇasuttena na sameti. Ayaṃ paccayo <span class="bld">idappaccayo</span> ma-kārassa da-kārādesavasena. Saddavidū pana ‘‘īdisassa payogassa dissanato ida-saddoyeva pakatī’’ti vadanti, ayuttamevetaṃ vaṇṇavikārādivasena nānāpayogassa dissamānattā. Yathā hi vaṇṇavikārena ‘‘amū’’ti vuttepi ‘‘asū’’ti dissati, ‘‘imesū’’ti vuttepi ‘‘esū’’ti, evamidhāpi vaṇṇavikāro ca vākye viya samāsepi labbhateva yathā ‘‘jānipati tudampatī’’ti. Kimettha vattabbaṃ, pabhinnapaṭisambhidena āyasmatā mahākaccāyanattherena vuttameva pamāṇanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhavataṇhāyā</span>ti bhavasaññojanabhūtāya taṇhāya. <span class="bld">Idappaccayā</span>ti imasmā avijjāpaccayā. ‘‘Ko cāhāro bhavataṇhāya, ‘avijjā’ tissa vacanīya’’nti hi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Bhavadiṭṭhiyā</span>ti sassatadiṭṭhiyā.<span class="bld"> Idappaccayā</span>ti idha pana <a name="M1.0468"></a> vedanāpaccayātveva attho. Nanu diṭṭhiyo eva kathetabbā, kimatthiyaṃ pana paṭiccasamuppādakathananti anuyogenāha <span class="bld">‘‘tenā’’</span>tiādi. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – anulomena paṭiccasamuppādakathā nāma vaṭṭakathā, taṃ kathaneneva bhagavā ete diṭṭhigatikā yāvidaṃ micchādassanaṃ na paṭinissajjanti, tāva iminā paccayaparamparena vaṭṭeyeva nimujjantīti dassesīti. <span class="bld">Ito</span> bhavādito. <span class="bld">Ettha</span> bhavādīsu. Esa nayo sesapadadvayepi. Iminā apariyantaṃ aparāparuppattiṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Vipannaṭṭhā</span>ti vividhena nāsitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Vivaṭṭakathādivaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para145"></a><span class="paranum">145</span>. <span class="bld">Diṭṭhigatikādhiṭṭhāna</span>nti diṭṭhigatikānaṃ micchāgāhadassanavasena adhiṭṭhānabhūtaṃ, diṭṭhigatikavasena puggalādhiṭṭhānanti vuttaṃ hoti. Puggalādhiṭṭhānadhammadesanā hesā. <span class="bld">Yuttayogabhikkhuadhiṭṭhāna</span>nti yuttayogānaṃ bhikkhūnamadhiṭṭhānabhūtaṃ, bhikkhuvasena puggalādhiṭṭhānanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Vivaṭṭa</span>nti vaṭṭato vigataṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Yehī’’</span>tiādinā diṭṭhigatikānaṃ micchādassanassa kāraṇabhūtāya vedanāya paccayabhūtaṃ heṭṭhā vuttameva phassāyatanamidha gahitaṃ desanākusalena bhagavatāti <a name="V1.0410"></a> dasseti. <span class="bld">Vedanākammaṭṭhāne</span>ti ‘‘vedanānaṃ samudaya’’ntiādikaṃ imaṃ pāḷiṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Kiñcimattameva visesoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yathā panā’’</span>tiādi. Nti ‘‘phassasamudayā, phassanirodhā’’ti vuttaṃ kāraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">‘‘Āhārasamudayā’’</span>tiādīsu kabaḷīkāro āhāro veditabbo. So hi ‘‘kabaḷīkāro āhāro imassa kāyassa āhārapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 429) <span class="bld">paṭṭhāne</span> vacanato kammasamuṭṭhānānampi cakkhādīnaṃ upatthambhakapaccayo hotiyeva. <span class="bld">‘‘Nāmarūpasamudayā’’</span>tiādīsu vedanādikkhandhattayameva nāmaṃ. Nanu ca ‘‘nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatana’’nti vacanato sabbesu chasu phassāyatanesu ‘‘nāmarūpasamudayā nāmarūpanirodhā’’ icceva vattabbaṃ, atha kasmā cakkhāyatanādīsu ‘‘āhārasamudayā āhāranirodhā’’ti vuttanti? Saccametaṃ avisesena, idha pana evampi cakkhādīsu sambhavatīti visesato dassetuṃ tathā vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Uttaritarajānaneneva diṭṭhigatassa jānanampi siddhanti katvā pāḷiyamanāgatepi <span class="bld">‘‘diṭṭhiñca jānātī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Sīlasamādhipaññāyo</span> lokiyalokuttaramissakā, <span class="bld">vimutti</span> pana ida heṭṭhimā phalasamāpattiyo ‘‘yāva arahattā’’ti <a name="M1.0469"></a> aggaphalassa visuṃ vacanato. Paccakkhānumānena cettha pajānanā, tenevāha <span class="bld">‘‘bahussuto ganthadharo bhikkhu jānātī’’</span>tiādi, yathālābhaṃ vā yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Desanā panā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">pana</span>-saddo aruciyattho, tenimaṃ dīpeti – yadipi anāgāmiādayo yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti, tathāpi arahato ukkaṃsagativijānanavasena desanā arahattanikūṭena niṭṭhāpitāti. Suvaṇṇageho viya ratanamayakaṇṇikāya desanā arahattakaṇṇikāya niṭṭhāpitāti attho. Ettha ca ‘‘yato kho…pe… pajānātī’’ti etena dhammassa niyyānikabhāvena saddhiṃ saṅghassa suppaṭipattiṃ dasseti, teneva aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘ko evaṃ jānātīti? Khīṇāsavo jānāti, yāva āraddhavipassako jānātī’’ti paripuṇṇaṃ katvā bhikkhusaṅgho dassito, tena yadetaṃ heṭṭhā vuttaṃ ‘‘bhikkhusaṅghavasenāpi dīpetu’’nti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.8), taṃ yathārutavaseneva dīpitaṃ hotīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para146"></a><span class="paranum">146</span>. <span class="bld">‘‘Desanājālavimutto diṭṭigatiko nāma natthī’’</span>ti dassanaṃ desanāya kevalaparipuṇṇataṃ ñāpetunti veditabbaṃ. Anto jālassāti <span class="bld">antojālaṃ,</span> dabbapavesanavasena antojāle akatāpi tannissitavādappavesanavasena katāti <span class="bld">antojālīkatā,</span> anto jālassa tiṭṭhantīti vā <span class="bld">antojālā,</span> dabbavasena anantojālāpi tannissitavādavasena antojālā katāti <span class="bld">antojālīkatā.</span> Abhūtatabbhāve karāsabhūyoge vikāravācakato īpaccayo, antasarassa vā īkārādesoti saddavidū yathā ‘‘dhavalīkāro, kabaḷīkāro’’ti (saṃ. ni. 1.181), imamatthaṃ <a name="V1.0411"></a> dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘imassā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Nissitā avasitāva hutvā ummujjamānā ummujjantīti attho. <span class="bld">Māna</span>-saddo cettha bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇattho appahīnena ummujjanabhāvena puna ummujjanabhāvassa lakkhitattā, tathā <span class="bld">‘‘osīdantā’’</span>tiādīsupi <span class="bld">anta</span>-saddo. Ummujjaneneva avuttassāpi nimujjanassa gahaṇanti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘osīdantā’’</span>tiādinā. Tattha apāyūpapattivasena adho osīdanaṃ, sampattibhavavasena uddhamuggamanaṃ. Tathā parittabhūmimahaggatabhūmivasena, diṭṭhiyā olīnatātidhāvanavasena, pubbantānudiṭṭhiaparantānudiṭṭhivasena ca yathākkamaṃ yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Pariyāpannā</span>ti antogadhā. Tabbhāvo ca tadābaddhenāti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘etena ābaddhā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">‘‘Na hetthā’’</span>tiādinā yathāvuttapāḷiyā āpannatthaṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="M1.0470"></a> upamāsaṃsandanamāha <span class="bld">‘‘kevaṭṭo viyā’’</span>tiādinā. Ke udake vaṭṭati paricaratīti <span class="bld">kevaṭṭo,</span> macchabandho. Kāmaṃ kevaṭṭantevāsīpi pāḷiyaṃ vutto, so pana tadanugatikovāti tathā vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Dasasahassilokadhātū</span>ti jātikkhettaṃ sandhāyāha tattheva paṭivedhasambhavato, aññesañca taggahaṇeneva gahitattā. Aññatthāpi hi diṭṭhigatikā ettha pariyāpannā antojālīkatāva. <span class="bld">Oḷārikā</span>ti pākaṭabhāvena thūlā. <span class="bld">Tassā</span>ti parittodakassa.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para147"></a><span class="paranum">147</span>. <span class="bld">‘‘Sabbadiṭṭhīnaṃ saṅgahitattā’’</span>ti etena vādasaṅgahaṇena puggalasaṅgahoti dasseti. <span class="bld">Attano…pe… dassento</span>ti desanākusalatāya yathāvuttesu diṭṭhigatikānaṃ ummujjananimujjanaṭṭhānabhūtesu katthacipi bhavādīsu attano anavarodhabhāvaṃ dassento. <span class="bld">Nayantī</span>ti satte icchitaṭṭhānamāvahanti, taṃ pana tathāākaḍḍhanavasenāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘gīvāyā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">‘‘Nettisadisatāyā’’</span>ti iminā sadisavohāraṃ, upamātaddhitaṃ vā dasseti. <span class="bld">‘‘Sā hī’’</span>tiādi sadisatāvibhāvanā. <span class="bld">Gīvāyā</span>ti ettha mahājanānanti sambandhīniddeso <span class="bld">netī</span>ti etthāpi kammabhāvena sambajjhitabbo nī-saddassa dvikammikattā, ākhyātapayoge ca bahulaṃ sāmivacanassa kattukammatthajotakattā. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti anena bhagavatā, sā bhavanetti ucchinnāti sambandho. <span class="bld">Puna appaṭisandhikabhāvā</span>ti sāmatthiyatthamāha. Jīvitapariyādāne vutteyeva hi puna appaṭisandhikabhāvo vutto nāma tasseva adassanassa padhānakāraṇattā. <span class="bld">‘‘Na dakkhantī’’</span>ti ettha anāgatavacanavasena padasiddhi ‘‘yatra hi nāma sāvako evarūpaṃ ñassati vā dakkhati vā sakkhiṃ vā karissatī’’tiādīsu (pārā. 228; saṃ. ni. 2.202) viyāti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘na dakkhissantī’’</span>ti iminā. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘apaṇṇattikabhāvaṃ gamissantī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Apaṇṇattikabhāva</span>nti ca dharamānakapaṇṇattiyā eva apaṇṇattikabhāvaṃ, atītapaṇṇattiyā pana tathāgatapaṇṇatti <a name="V1.0412"></a> yāva sāsanantaradhānā, tato uddhampi aññabuddhuppādesu pavattati eva yathā adhunā vipassiādīnaṃ. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘vohāramattameva bhavissatī’’ti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.147) paññāya cettha paṇṇādesoti neruttikā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kāyo</span>ti attabhāvo, yo rūpārūpadhammasamūho. Evañhissa ambarukkhasadisatā, tadavayavānañca rūpakkhandhacakkhāyatanacakkhudhātādīnaṃ ambapakkasadisatā <a name="M1.0471"></a> yujjati. <span class="bld">Ta</span>nti kāyaṃ. <span class="bld">Pañcapakkadvādasapakkaaṭṭhārasapakkaparimāṇā</span>ti pañcapakkaparimāṇā ekā, dvādasapakkaparimāṇā ekā, aṭṭhārasapakkaparimāṇā ekāti tividhā pakkambaphalapiṇḍī viya. Piṇḍo etassāti <span class="bld">piṇḍī,</span> thavako. <span class="bld">Tadanvayānī</span>ti vaṇṭānugatāni, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘taṃyeva vaṇṭaṃ anugatānī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Maṇḍūkakaṇṭakavisasamphassa</span>nti visavantassa bhekavisesassa kaṇṭakena, tadaññena ca visena samphassaṃ, maṇḍūkakaṇṭake vijjamānassa visassa samphassaṃ vā. Sakaṇṭako jalacārī satto idha maṇḍūko nāma, yo ‘‘pāsāṇakacchapo’’ti voharanti, tassa naṅguṭṭhe aggakoṭiyaṃ ṭhito kaṇṭakotipi vadanti. Ekaṃ visamacchakaṇṭakantipi eke. <span class="bld">Kirā</span>ti anussavanatthe nipāto. Ettha ca vaṇṭacchede vaṇṭūpanibandhānaṃ ambapakkānaṃ ambarukkhato vicchedo viya bhavanetticchede tadupanibandhānaṃ khandhādīnaṃ santānato vicchedoti ettāvatāva pāḷiyamāgataṃ opammaṃ, tadavasesaṃ pana atthato laddhamevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para148"></a><span class="paranum">148</span>. <span class="bld">Buddhabala</span>nti buddhānaṃ ñāṇabalaṃ. <span class="bld">Kathitasuttassa nāmā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">nāma</span>-saddo sambhāvane nipāto, tena ‘‘evampi nāma kathitasuttassā’’ti vuttanayena suttassa guṇaṃ sambhāveti. <span class="bld">Handā</span>ti vossaggatthe. Tena hi adhunāva gaṇhāpessāmi. Na papañcaṃ karissāmīti vossaggaṃ karoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhammapariyāye</span>ti dhammadesanāsaṅkhātāya pāḷiyā. <span class="bld">Idhattho</span>ti diṭṭhadhammahitaṃ. <span class="bld">Parattho</span>ti samparāyahitaṃ, tadubhayattho vā. Bhāsitatthopi yujjati ‘‘dhammajāla’’nti ettha tantidhammassa gahitattā. <span class="bld">Ihāti</span> idha sāsane. <span class="bld">Na</span>nti nipātamattaṃ ‘‘na naṃ suto samaṇo gotamo’’tiādīsu viya. Nti <span class="bld">dhammā</span>ti pāḷidhammā. Sabbena sabbaṃ saṅgaṇhanato atthasaṅkhātaṃ jālametthāti <span class="bld">atthajālaṃ.</span> Tathā <span class="bld">dhammajālaṃ brahmajālaṃ diṭṭhijāla</span>nti etthāpi. Saṅgāmaṃ vijināti etenāti <span class="bld">saṅgāmavijayo,</span> saṅgāmo cettha pañcahi mārehi samāgamanaṃ abhiyujjhananti āha <span class="bld">‘‘devaputtamārampī’’</span>tiādi. Atthasampattiyā hi <span class="bld">atthajālaṃ.</span> Byañjanasampattiyā, sīlādianavajjadhammaniddesato <a name="V1.0413"></a> ca <span class="bld">dhammajālaṃ.</span> Seṭṭhaṭṭhena brahmabhūtānaṃ maggaphalanibbānānaṃ vibhattattā <span class="bld">brahmajālaṃ.</span> Diṭṭivivecanamukhena suññatāpakāsanena sammādiṭṭhiyā vibhattattā <span class="bld">diṭṭhijālaṃ.</span> Titthiyavādanimmaddanupāyattā <span class="bld">anuttaro saṅgāmavijayo</span>ti evampettha atthayojanā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nidānāvasānato</span>ti <a name="M1.0472"></a> ‘‘atha bhagavā anuppatto’’ti vacanasaṅkhātanidānapariyosānato. Mariyādāvadhivacanañhetaṃ. Apica <span class="bld">nidānāvasānato</span>ti nidānapariyosāne vuttattā nidānāvasānabhūtato ‘‘mamaṃ vā bhikkhave, pare avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyu’’ntiādi (dī. ni. 1.5, 6) vacanato. Ābhividhiavadhivacanañhetaṃ. Idañca <span class="bld">‘‘avocā’’</span>ti kiriyāsambandhanena vuttaṃ. ‘‘Nidānena ādikalyāṇa’’nti vacanato pana nidānampi nigamanaṃ viya suttapariyāpannameva. <span class="bld">Alabbha…pe… gambhīranti</span> sabbaññutaññāṇassa visesanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para149"></a><span class="paranum">149</span>. Yathā anattamanā attano anatthacaratāya paramanā verimanā nāma honti, yathāha dhammarājā <span class="bld">dhammapade,</span> <span class="bld">udāne</span> ca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Diso disaṃ yaṃ taṃ kayirā, verī vā pana verinaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Micchāpaṇihitaṃ cittaṃ, pāpiyo naṃ tato kare’’ti. (dha. pa. 42; udā. 33);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Na evamime anattamanā, ime pana attano atthacaratāya <span class="bld">attamanā</span> nāma hontīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘sakamanā’’</span>ti. Sakamanatā ca pītiyā gahitacittattāti dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘buddhagatāyā’’</span>tiādinā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana aṭṭhakathāto aparo nayo – <span class="bld">attamanā</span>ti samattamanā, imāya desanāya paripuṇṇamanasaṅkappāti attho. <span class="bld">Desanāvilāso</span> desanāya vijambhanaṃ, tañca desanākiccanipphādakaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇameva. Karavīkassa rutamiva mañjumadhurassaro yassāti <span class="bld">karavīkarutamañjū,</span> tena. <span class="bld">Amatābhisekasadisenā</span>ti kāyacittadarathavūpasamakaṃ sabbasambhārābhisaṅkhataṃ udakaṃ dīghāyukatāsaṃvattanato <span class="bld">amataṃ</span> nāma. Tenābhisekasadisena. Brahmuno saro viya aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato saro yassāti<span class="bld">brahmassaro,</span> tena. <span class="bld">Abhinandatī</span>ti taṇhāyati, tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘taṇhāyampi āgato’’</span>ti. Anekatthattā dhātūnaṃ <span class="bld">abhinandantī</span>ti upagacchanti sevantīti atthoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘upagamanepī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā <a name="V1.0414"></a> <span class="bld">abhinandantī</span>ti sampaṭicchantīti atthamāha <span class="bld">‘‘sampaṭicchanepī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Abhinanditvā</span>ti vuttoyevattho <span class="bld">‘‘anumoditvā’’</span>ti iminā pakāsitoti sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘anumodanepī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imamevatthaṃ <a name="M1.0473"></a> gāthābandhavasena dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘subhāsita’’</span>ntiādimāha. Tattha saddato <span class="bld">subhāsitaṃ,</span> atthato <span class="bld">sulapitaṃ.</span> Sīlappakāsanena vā subhāsitaṃ, suññatāpakāsanena <span class="bld">sulapitaṃ.</span> Diṭṭhivibhajanena vā <span class="bld">subhāsitaṃ,</span> tannibbedhakasabbaññutaññāṇavibhajanena <span class="bld">sulapitaṃ.</span> Evaṃ avaṇṇavaṇṇanisedhanādīhipi idha dassitappakārehi yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Tādino</span>ti iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu samapekkhanādīhi pañcahi kāraṇehi tādibhūtassa. Imassa padassa vitthāro ‘‘iṭṭhāniṭṭhe tādī, cattāvīti tādī, vantāvīti tādī’’tiādinā (mahāni. 38) <span class="bld">mahāniddese</span> vutto, so upari aṭṭhakathāyampi āvibhavissati. Kiñcāpi ‘‘katamañca taṃ bhikkhave’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.7) tattha tattha pavattāya kathetukamyatāpucchāya vissajjanavasena vuttattā idaṃ suttaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ nāma bhavati. Byākaraṇameva hi veyyākaraṇaṃ, tathāpi pucchāvissajjanāvasena pavattaṃ suttaṃ sagāthakaṃ ce, geyyaṃ nāma bhavati. Niggāthakaṃ, ce aṅgantaraheturahitañca, veyyākaraṇaṃ nāma. Iti pucchāvissajjanāvasena pavattassāpi geyyasādhāraṇato, aṅgantaraheturahitassa ca niggāthakabhāvasseva anaññasādhāraṇato pucchāvissajjanabhāvamanapekkhitvā niggāthakabhāvameva veyyākaraṇahetutāya dassento <span class="bld">‘‘niggāthakattā hi idaṃ veyyākaraṇa’’</span>nti āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmāti codanaṃ sodheti <span class="bld">‘‘bhaññamāneti hi vutta’’</span>nti iminā. Ubhayasambandhapadañhetaṃ heṭṭhā, upari ca sambajjhanato. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – ‘‘bhaññamāne’’ti vattamānakālavasena vuttattā na kevalaṃ suttapariyosāneyeva, atha kho dvāsaṭṭhiyā ṭhānesu akampitthāti veditabbāti. Yadevaṃ sakalepi imasmiṃ sutte bhaññamāne akampitthāti atthoyeva sambhavati, na pana tassa tassa diṭṭhigatassa pariyosāne pariyosāneti atthoti? Nāyamanuyogo katthacipi na pavisati sambhavamatteneva anuyuñjanato, ayaṃ pana attho na sambhavamatteneva vutto, atha kho desanākāle kampanākāreneva ācariyaparamparābhatena. Teneva hi ākārenāyamattho saṅgītimāruḷho, tathāruḷhanayeneva ca saṅgahakārena vuttoti niṭṭhamettha gantabbaṃ, itarathā atakkāvacarassa imassatthassa takkapariyāhatakathanaṃ anupapannaṃ siyāti. Evamīdisesu. <span class="bld">‘‘Dhātukkhobhenā’’</span>tiādīsu attho <span class="bld">mahāparinibbānasuttavaṇṇanāya</span> (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.171) gahetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aparesupī</span>ti <a name="V1.0415"></a><a name="M1.0474"></a> ettha <span class="bld">pi</span>-saddena pāramipavicayanaṃ sampiṇḍeti. Vuttañhi <span class="bld">buddhavaṃse</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ime dhamme sammasato, sabhāvasarasalakkhaṇe;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dhammatejena vasudhā, dasasahassī pakampathā’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 166);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā sāsanapatiṭṭhānantaradhānādayopi. Tattha sāsanapatiṭṭhāne tāva bhagavato veḷuvanapaṭiggahaṇe, mahāmahindattherassa mahāmeghavanapaṭiggahaṇe, mahāariṭṭhattherassa vinayapiṭakasajjhāyaneti evamādīsu sāsanassa mūlāni otiṇṇānīti pītivasaṃ gatā naccantā viya ayaṃ mahāpathavī kampittha. Sāsanantaradhāne pana ‘‘aho īdisassa saddhammassa antaradhāna’’nti domanassappattā viya yathā taṃ kassapassa bhagavato sāsanantaradhāne. Vuttañhetama<span class="bld">padāne</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tadāyaṃ pathavī sabbā, acalā sā calācalā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sāgaro ca sasokova, vinadī karuṇaṃ gira’’nti. (apa. 2.54.131);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bodhimaṇḍūpasaṅkamane</span>ti visākhāpuṇṇamadivase paṭhamaṃ bodhimaṇḍūpasaṅkamane. <span class="bld">Paṃsukūlaggahaṇe</span>ti puṇṇaṃ nāma dāsiṃ pārupitvā āmakasusāne chaḍḍitassa sāṇamayapaṃsukūlassa tumbamatte pāṇe vidhunitvā mahāariyavaṃse ṭhatvā gahaṇe. <span class="bld">Paṃsukūladhovane</span>ti tasseva paṃsukūlassa dhovane. <span class="bld">Kāḷakārāmasuttaṃ</span> (a. ni. 4.24) aṅguttarāgame catukkanipāte. <span class="bld">Gotamakasutta</span>mpi (a. ni. 3.176) tattheva tikanipāte. <span class="bld">Vīriyabalenā</span>ti mahābhinikkhamane cakkavattisiripariccāgahetubhūtavīriyappabhāvena. <span class="bld">Bodhimaṇḍūpasaṅkamane</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kāmaṃ taco ca nhāru ca, aṭṭhi ca avasissatu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Upasussatu nissesaṃ, sarīre maṃsalohita’’nti. (ma. ni. 2.184; saṃ. ni. 2.22, 237; a. ni. 2.5; 8.13; mahāni. 196; avidūrenidānakathā);</p>
<p class="unindented">Vuttacaturaṅgasamannāgatavīriyānubhāvenāti yathārahamattho veditabbo. <span class="bld">Acchariyavegābhihatā</span>ti vimhayāvahakiriyānubhāvaghaṭṭitā. Paṃsukūladhovane bhagavato puññatejenāti vadanti. Paṃsukūlaggahaṇe yathā acchariyavegābhihatāti yuttaṃ viya dissati, taṃ pana kadāci pavattattā <a name="M1.0475"></a> <span class="bld">‘‘akālakampanenā’’</span>ti <a name="V1.0416"></a> vuttaṃ. Vessantarajātake (jā. 2.22.1655) pana pāramīpūraṇapuññatejena anekakkhattuṃ kampitattā akālakampanaṃ nāma bhavati. Sakkhinidassane kathetabbassa atthassānurūpato sakkhi viya bhavatīti vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sakkhibhāvenā’’</span>ti yathā taṃ māravijayakāle (jā. aṭṭha. 1.avidūrenidānakathā). <span class="bld">Sādhukāradānenā</span>ti pakaraṇānurūpavasena vuttaṃ yathā taṃ dhammacakkappavattanasaṅgītikālādīsu (saṃ. ni. 5.1081; mahāva. 13; paṭi. ma. 3.301).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Na kevala’’</span>ntiādinā anekatthapathavīkampanadassanamukhena imassa suttassa mahānubhāvatāyeva dassitā. Tattha <span class="bld">jotivane</span>ti nandavane. Tañhi sāsanassa ñāṇālokasaṅkhātāya jotiyā pātubhūtaṭṭhānattā jotivananti vuccatīti <span class="bld">vinayasaṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Dhamma</span>nti anamataggasuttādidhammaṃ. <span class="bld">Pācīnaambalaṭṭhikaṭṭhāna</span>nti pācīnadisābhāge taruṇambarukkhena lakkhitaṭṭhānaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Eva</span>nti bhagavatā desitakālādīsu pathavīkampanamatidisati. <span class="bld">Anekaso</span>ti anekadhā. Sayambhunā desitassa brahmajālassa yassa suttaseṭṭhassāti yojanā. <span class="bld">Idhā</span>ti imasmiṃ sāsane. <span class="bld">Yoniso</span>ti micchādiṭṭhippahānasammādiṭṭhisamādānādinā ñāyena upāyena paṭipajjantūti attho. Ayaṃ tāvettha aṭṭhakathāya līnatthavibhāvanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pakaraṇanayavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ito paraṃ ācariya-dhammapālena yā katā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samuṭṭhānādihārādi-vividhatthavibhāvanā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Na sā amhehupekkheyyā, ayañhi tabbisodhanā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā tampi pavakkhāma, sotūnaṃ ñāṇavuḍḍhiyā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayañhi pakaraṇanayena pāḷiyā atthavaṇṇanā – pakaraṇanayoti ca tambapaṇṇibhāsāya vaṇṇanānayo. ‘‘Nettipeṭakappakaraṇe dhammakathikānaṃ yojanānayotipi vadantī’’ti <span class="bld">abhidhammaṭīkāyaṃ</span> vuttaṃ. Yasmā panāyaṃ desanāya samuṭṭhānapayojanabhājanesu, piṇḍatthesu ca paṭhamaṃ niddhāritesu sukarā, hoti suviññeyyā ca, tasmā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Samuṭṭhānaṃ <a name="V1.0417"></a><a name="M1.0476"></a> payojanaṃ, bhājanañcāpi piṇḍatthaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Niddhāretvāna paṇḍito, tato hārādayo saṃse.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">samuṭṭhānaṃ</span> nāma desanānidānaṃ, taṃ sādhāraṇamasādhāraṇanti duvidhaṃ, tathā sādhāraṇampi ajjhattikabāhirato. Tattha sādhāraṇaṃ ajjhattikasamuṭṭhānaṃ nāma bhagavato mahākaruṇā. Tāya hi samussāhitassa lokanāthassa veneyyānaṃ dhammadesanāya cittaṃ udapādi, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘sattesu kāruññataṃ paṭicca buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokesī’’tiādi. Ettha ca tividhāvatthāyapi mahākaruṇāya saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo yāvadeva saddhammadesanāhatthadānehi saṃsāramahoghato sattasantāraṇatthaṃ taduppattito. Yathā ca mahākaruṇā, evaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇadasabalañāṇādayopi desanāya sādhāraṇamajjhattikasamuṭṭhānaṃ nāma. Sabbañhi ñeyyadhammaṃ tesaṃ desetabbākāraṃ, sattānaṃ āsayānusayādikañca yāthāvato jānanto bhagavā ṭhānāṭṭhānādīsu kosallena veneyyajjhāsayānurūpaṃ vicitranayadesanaṃ pavattesi. Bāhiraṃ pana sādhāraṇasamuṭṭhānaṃ dasasahassimahābrahmaparivārassa sahampatibrahmuno ajjhesanaṃ. Tadajjhesanañhi pati dhammagambhīratāpaccavekkhaṇājanitaṃ appossukkataṃ paṭippassambhetvā dhammassāmī dhammadesanāya ussāhajāto ahosi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Asādhāraṇampi ajjhattikabāhirato duvidhameva. Tattha ajjhattikaṃ yāya mahākaruṇāya, yena ca desanāñāṇena idaṃ suttaṃ pavattitaṃ, tadubhayameva. Sāmaññāvatthāya hi sādhāraṇampi samānaṃ mahākaruṇādivisesāvatthāya asādhāraṇaṃ bhavati, bāhiraṃ pana asādhāraṇasamuṭṭhānaṃ vaṇṇāvaṇṇabhaṇananti aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ. Apica nindāpasaṃsāsu sattānaṃ veneyyāghātānandādibhāvamanāpatti. Tattha ca anādīnavadassanaṃ bāhiramasādhāraṇasamuṭṭhānameva, tathā nindāpasaṃsāsu paṭipajjanakkamassa, pasaṃsāvisayassa ca khuddakādivasena anekavidhassa sīlassa, sabbaññutaññāṇassa ca sassatādidiṭṭhiṭṭhāne, taduttari ca appaṭihatacāratāya, tathāgatassa ca katthacipi bhavādīsu apariyāpannatāya sattānamanavabodhopi bāhiramasādhāraṇasamuṭṭhānaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Payojana</span>mpi sādhāraṇāsādhāraṇato duvidhaṃ. Tattha sādhāraṇaṃ anupādāparinibbānaṃ vimuttirasattā sabbāyapi bhagavato desanāya, tenevāha <a name="M1.0477"></a> ‘‘etadatthā kathā, etadatthā mantanā’’tiādi (pari. 366) asādhāraṇaṃ pana bāhirasamuṭṭhānato vipariyāyena veditabbaṃ. Nindāpasaṃsāsu hi sattānanveneyyāghātānandādibhāvappattiādikaṃ imissā desanāya phalabhūtaṃ kāraṇabhāvena <a name="V1.0418"></a> imaṃ desanaṃ payojeti. Phalañhi taduppādakasattiyā kāraṇaṃ payojeti nāma phale satiyeva tāya sattiyā kāraṇabhāvappattito. Atha vā yathāvuttaṃ phalaṃ imāya desanāya bhagavantaṃ payojetīti <span class="bld">ācariyasāriputtattherena</span> vuttaṃ. Yañhi desanāya sādhetabbaṃ phalaṃ, taṃ ākaṅkhitabbattā desanāya desakaṃ payojeti nāma. Apica kuhanalapanādinānāvidhamicchājīvaviddhaṃsanaṃ, dvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhijālaviniveṭhanaṃ, diṭṭhisīsena paccayākāravibhāvanaṃ, chaphassāyatanavasena catusaccakammaṭṭhānaniddeso, sabbadiṭṭhigatānaṃ anavasesapariyādānaṃ, attano anupādāparinibbānadīpanañca payojanameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhājanaṃ</span> pana desanādhiṭṭhānaṃ. Ye hi vaṇṇāvaṇṇanimittaanurodhavirodhavantacittā kuhanādivividhamicchājīvaniratā sassatādidiṭṭhipaṅkanimuggā sīlakkhandhādīsu aparipūrakārino abuddhaguṇavisesañāṇā veneyyā, te imissā desanāya bhājanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Piṇḍattho</span> pana idha labbhamānapadehi, samudāyena ca suttapadena yathāsambhavaṃ saṅgahito attho. Āghātādīnaṃ akaraṇīyatāvacanena hi dassitaṃ paṭiññānurūpaṃ samaṇasaññāya niyojanaṃ, tathā khantisoraccānuṭṭhānaṃ, brahmavihārabhāvanānuyogo, saddhāpaññāsamāyogo, satisampajaññādhiṭṭhānaṃ, paṭisaṅkhānabhāvanābalasiddhi, pariyuṭṭhānānusayappahānaṃ, ubhayahitapaṭipatti, lokadhammehi anupalepo ca –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pāṇātipātādīhi paṭivirativacanena dassitā sīlavisuddhi, tāya ca hirottappasampatti, mettākaruṇāsamaṅgitā, vītikkamappahānaṃ, tadaṅgappahānaṃ, duccaritasaṃkilesappahānaṃ, viratittayasiddhi, piyamanāpagarubhāvanīyatānipphatti, lābhasakkārasilokasamudāgamo, samathavipassanānaṃ adhiṭṭhānabhāvo, akusalamūlatanukaraṇaṃ, kusalamūlaropanaṃ, ubhayānatthadūrīkaraṇaṃ, parisāsu visāradatā, appamādavihāro, parehi duppadhaṃsiyatā, avippaṭisārādisamaṅgitā ca –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Gambhīrā’’tiādivacanehi <a name="M1.0478"></a> dassitaṃ gambhīradhammavibhāvanaṃ, alabbhaneyyapatiṭṭhatā, kappānamasaṅkhyeyyenāpi dullabhapātubhāvatā, sukhumenapi ñāṇena paccakkhato paṭivijjhitumasakkuṇeyyatā, dhammanvayasaṅkhātena anumānañāṇenāpi duradhigamanīyatā, passaddhasabbadarathatā, santadhammavibhāvanaṃ, sobhanapariyosānatā, atittikarabhāvo, padhānabhāvappatti, yathābhūtañāṇagocaratā, sukhumasabhāvatā, mahāpaññāvibhāvanā ca. Diṭṭhidīpakapadehi dassitā samāsato sassataucchedadiṭṭhiyo līnatātidhāvanavibhāvanaṃ, ubhayavinibandhaniddeso<a name="V1.0419"></a>, micchābhinivesakittanaṃ, kummaggapaṭipattippakāsanaṃ, vipariyesaggāhañāpanaṃ, parāmāsapariggaho, pubbantāparantānudiṭṭhipatiṭṭhāpanā, bhavavibhavadiṭṭhivibhāgā, taṇhāvijjāpavatti, antavānantavādiṭṭhiniddeso, antadvayāvatāraṇaṃ, āsavoghayogakilesaganthasaṃyojanupādānavisesavibhajanañca –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā ‘‘vedanānaṃ samudaya’’ntiādivacanehi dassitā catunnamariyasaccānaṃ anubodhapaṭibodhasiddhi, vikkhambhanasamucchedappahānaṃ taṇhāvijjāvigamo, saddhammaṭṭhitinimittapariggaho, āgamādhigamasampatti, ubhayahitapaṭipatti, tividhapaññāpariggaho, satisampajaññānuṭṭhānaṃ, saddhāpaññāsamāyogo, vīriyasamatānuyojanaṃ, samathavipassanānipphatti ca –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ajānataṃ apassata’’nti padehi dassitā avijjāsiddhi, tathā ‘‘taṇhāgatānaṃ paritassitavipphandita’’nti padehi taṇhāsiddhi, tadubhayena ca nīvaraṇasaññojanadvayasiddhi, anamataggasaṃsāravaṭṭānupacchedo, pubbantāharaṇāparantānusandhānāni, atītapaccuppannakālavasena hetuvibhāgo, avijjātaṇhānaṃ aññamaññānativattanaṃ, aññamaññūpakāritā, paññāvimutticetovimuttīnaṃ paṭipakkhaniddeso ca –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Tadapi phassapaccayā’’ti padena dassitā sassatādipaññāpanassa paccayādhīnavuttitā, tena ca dhammānaṃ niccatāpaṭisedho, aniccatāpatiṭṭhāpanaṃ, paramatthato kārakādipaṭikkhepo, evaṃdhammatāniddeso, suññatāpakāsanaṃ samatthanirīha paccayalakkhaṇavibhāvanañca –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ucchinnabhavanettiko’’tiādinā <a name="M1.0479"></a> dassitā bhagavato pahānasampatti, vijjāvimuttivasībhāvo, sikkhattayanipphatti, nibbānadhātudvayavibhāgo, caturadhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇaṃ, bhavayoniādīsu apariyāpannatā ca –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sakalena pana suttapadena dassito iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu bhagavato tādibhāvo, tattha ca paresaṃ patiṭṭhāpanaṃ, kusaladhammānaṃ ādibhūtadhammadvayaniddeso sikkhattayūpadeso, attantapādipuggalacatukkasiddhi, kaṇhakaṇhavipākādikammacatukkavibhāgo, caturappamaññāvisayaniddeso, samudayatthaṅgamādipañcakassa yathābhūtāvabodho, chasāraṇīyadhammavibhāvanā, dasanāthakadhammapatiṭṭhāpananti evamādayo yathāsambhavaṃ saṅgahetvā dassetabbā atthā piṇḍattho.</p>
<p class="subhead">Soḷasahāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="subhead">Desanāhāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="V1.0420"></a> nettiyā, peṭakopadese ca vuttanayavasena hārādīnaṃ niddhāraṇaṃ. Tattha ‘‘attā, loko’’ti ca diṭṭhiyā adhiṭṭhānabhāvena, vedanāphassāyatanādimukhena ca gahitesu pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu taṇhāvajjitā pañcupādānakkhandhā <span class="bld">dukkhasaccaṃ.</span> Taṇhā <span class="bld">samudayasaccaṃ.</span> Taṃ pana ‘‘paritassanāgahaṇena taṇhāgatāna’’nti, ‘‘vedanāpaccayā taṇhā’’ti ca padehi samudayaggahaṇenañca pāḷiyaṃ sarūpena gahitameva. Ayaṃ tāva suttantanayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Abhidhamme pana vibhaṅgappakaraṇe āgatanayena āghātānandādivacanehi, ‘‘ātappamanvāyā’’tiādipadehi, cittapadosavacanena, sabbadiṭṭhigatikapadehi, kusalākusalaggahaṇena, bhavaggahaṇena, sokādiggahaṇena, diṭṭhiggahaṇena, tattha tattha samudayaggahaṇena cāti saṅkhepato sabbalokiyakusalākusaladhammavibhāvanapadehi gahitā dhammakilesā <span class="bld">samudayasaccaṃ.</span> Tadubhayesamappavatti <span class="bld">nirodhasaccaṃ.</span> Tassa pana tattha tattha vedanānaṃ atthaṅgamanissaraṇapariyāyehi paccattaṃ nibbutivacanena, anupādāvimuttivacanena ca pāḷiyaṃ gahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ. Nirodhapajānanā paṭipadā <span class="bld">maggasaccaṃ.</span> Tassapi tattha tattha vedanānaṃ samudayādīni yathābhūtapaṭivedhanāpadesena channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayādīni yathābhūtapajānanapariyāyena, bhavanettiyā ucchedavacanena ca gahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M1.0480"></a> samudayena <span class="bld">assādo,</span> dukkhena <span class="bld">ādīnavo,</span> magganirodhehi <span class="bld">nissaraṇa</span>nti evaṃ catusaccavasena, yāni pāḷiyaṃ sarūpeneva āgatāni assādādīnavanissaraṇāni, tesañca vasena idha assādādayo veditabbā. Veneyyānaṃ tādibhāvāpattiādi <span class="bld">phalaṃ.</span> Yañhi desanāya sādhetabbaṃ heṭṭhā vuttaṃ payojanaṃ. Tadeva phalanti vuttovāyamattho. Tadatthañhi idaṃ suttaṃ bhagavatā desitaṃ. Āghātādīnamakaraṇīyatā, āghātādiphalassa ca anaññasantānabhāvitā nindāpasaṃsāsu yathāsabhāvaṃ paṭijānananibbeṭhanānīti evaṃ taṃtaṃpayojanādhigamahetu <span class="bld">upāyo.</span> Āghātādīnaṃ karaṇapaṭisedhanādiapadesena atthakāmehi tato cittaṃ sādhukaṃ rakkhitabbanti ayaṃ āṇārahassa dhammarājassa <span class="bld">āṇattī</span>ti. Ayaṃ assādādīnavanissaraṇaphalūpāyāṇattivasena chabbidhadhammasandassanalakkhaṇo <span class="bld">desanāhāro</span> nāma. Vuttañca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Assādādīnavatā<a name="V1.0421"></a>, nissaraṇampi ca phalaṃ upāyo ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Āṇattī ca bhagavato, yogīnaṃ desanāhāro’’ti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Vicayahāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kappanābhāvepi vohāravasena, anuvādavasena ca ‘‘mama’’nti vuttaṃ. Niyamābhāvato vikappanatthaṃ vāggahaṇaṃ. Taṃguṇasamaṅgitāya, abhimukhīkaraṇāya ca ‘‘bhikkhave’’ti āmantanaṃ. Aññabhāvato, paṭiviruddhabhāvato ca ‘‘pare’’ti vuttaṃ, vaṇṇapaṭipakkhato, avaṇṇanīyato ca ‘‘avaṇṇa’’nti, byattivasena, vitthāravasena ca ‘‘bhāseyyu’’nti, dhāraṇasabhāvato, adhammapaṭipakkhato ca ‘‘dhammassā’’ti, diṭṭhisīlehi saṃhatabhāvato, kilesānaṃ saṅghātakaraṇato ca ‘‘saṅghassā’’ti, vuttapaṭiniddesato, vacanupanyāsato ca ‘‘tatrā’’ti, sammukhībhāvato, puthubhāvato ca ‘‘tumhehī’’ti, cittassa hananato, ārammaṇābhighātato ca ‘‘āghāto’’ti, ārammaṇe saṅkocavuttiyā anabhimukhatāya, atuṭṭhākāratāya ca ‘‘appaccayo’’ti, ārammaṇacintanato, nissayato ca ‘‘cetaso’’ti, atthassa asādhanato, anu anu anatthasādhanato ca ‘‘anabhiraddhī’’ti, kāraṇānarahattā, satthusāsane</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ṭhitehi <a name="M1.0481"></a> kātumasakkuṇeyyattā ca ‘‘na karaṇīyā’’ti vuttaṃ. Evaṃ tasmiṃ tasmiṃ adhippetatthe pavattatānidassanena, atthaso ca –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mamanti sāminiddiṭṭhaṃ sabbanāmapadaṃ. Vāti vikappananiddiṭṭhaṃ nipātapadaṃ. Bhikkhaveti ālapananiddiṭṭhaṃ nāmapadaṃ. Pareti kattuniddiṭṭhaṃ nāmapadaṃ. Avaṇṇanti kammaniddiṭṭhaṃ nāmapadaṃ. Bhāseyyunti kiriyāniddiṭṭhaṃ ākhyātapadaṃ. Dhammassa, saṅghassāti ca sāminiddiṭṭhaṃ nāmapadaṃ. Tatrāti ādhāraniddiṭṭhaṃ sabbanāmapadaṃ. Tumhehīti kattuniddiṭṭhaṃ sabbanāmapadaṃ. <span class="bld">Na</span>-iti paṭisedhaniddiṭṭhaṃ nipātapadaṃ. Āghāto, appaccayo, anabhiraddhīti ca kammaniddiṭṭhaṃ nāmapadaṃ. Cetasoti sāminiddiṭṭhaṃ nāmapadaṃ. Karaṇīyāti kiriyāniddiṭṭhaṃ nāmapadanti. Evaṃ tassa tassa padassa visesatānidassanena, byañjanaso ca vicayanaṃ <span class="bld">padavicayo.</span> Ativitthārabhayena pana sakkāyeva aṭṭhakathaṃ, tassā ca līnatthavibhāvanaṃ anugantvā ayamattho viññunā vibhāvetunti na vitthārayimha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Tatra ce tumhe assatha kupitā vā anattamanā vā, api nu tumhe paresaṃ subhāsitaṃ dubbhāsitaṃ <a name="V1.0422"></a> ājāneyyāthā’’ti ayaṃ <span class="bld">anumatipucchā.</span> Sattādhiṭṭhānā, anekādhiṭṭhānā, paramatthavisayā, paccuppannavisayāti evaṃ sabbattha yathāsambhavaṃ pucchāvicayanaṃ <span class="bld">pucchāvicayo.</span> ‘‘No hetaṃ bhante’’ti idaṃ vissajjanaṃ ekaṃsabyākaraṇaṃ, niravasesaṃ, sauttaraṃ, lokiyanti evaṃ sabbassāpi vissajjanassa yathārahaṃ vicayanaṃ <span class="bld">vissajjanāvicayo.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Mamaṃ vā bhikkhave pare avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ…pe… na cetaso anabhiraddhi karaṇīyā’’ti imāya paṭhamadesanāya ‘‘mamaṃ vā…pe… tumhaṃyevassa tena antarāyo’’ti ayaṃ dutiyadesanā saṃsandati. Kasmā? Paṭhamāya manopadosaṃ nivāretvā dutiyāya tatthādīnavassa dassitattā. Tathā imāya dutiyadesanāya ‘‘mamaṃ vā…pe… api nu tumhe paresaṃ subhāsitaṃ dubbhāsitaṃ ājāneyyāthā’’ti ayaṃ tatiyadesanā saṃsandati. Kasmā? Dutiyāya tatthādīnavaṃ dassetvā tatiyāya vacanatthasallakkhaṇamattepi asamatthabhāvassa dassitattā. Tathā imāya tatiyadesanāya ‘‘mamaṃ vā…pe… na ca panetaṃ amhesu saṃvijjatī’’ti ayaṃ catutthadesanā saṃsandati. Kasmā? Tatiyāya manopadosaṃ sabbathā nivāretvā catutthāya avaṇṇaṭṭhāne paṭipajjitabbākārassa dassitattāti iminā nayena pubbena aparaṃ saṃsanditvā vicayanaṃ <span class="bld">pubbāparavicayo.</span> Assādavicayādayo vuttanayāva. Tesaṃ lakkhaṇasandassanamattameva hettha viseso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Api <a name="M1.0482"></a> nu tumhe paresaṃ subhāsitaṃ dubbhāsitaṃ ājāneyyāthā’’ti imāya pucchāya ‘‘no hetaṃ bhante’’ti ayaṃ vissajjanā sameti. Kupito hi neva buddhapaccekabuddhaariyasāvakānaṃ na mātāpitūnaṃ na paccatthikānaṃ subhāsitadubbhāsitassa atthaṃ ājānāti. ‘‘Katamañca taṃ bhikkhave, appamattakaṃ…pe… tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyyā’’ti imāya pucchāya ‘‘pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato’’tiādikā ayaṃ vissajjanā sameti. Bhagavā hi anuttarena pāṇātipātaviramaṇādiguṇena samannāgato, tañca kho samādhiṃ, paññañca upanidhāya appamattakaṃ oramattakaṃ sīlamattakaṃ. ‘‘Katame ca te bhikkhave, dhammā gambhīrā duddasā’’tiādikāya pucchāya ‘‘santi bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā pubbantakappikā’’tiādikā vissajjanā sameti. Sabbaññutaññāṇaguṇā hi aññatra tathāgatā aññesaṃ ñāṇena alabbhaneyyapatiṭṭhattā gambhīrā duddasā duranubodhā santā paṇītā atakkāvacarā nipuṇā paṇḍitavedanīyāti iminā nayena vissajjanāya pucchānurūpatāvicayanameva idha saṅgahagāthāya abhāvato <span class="bld">anugītivicayo</span>ti. Ayaṃ padapañhādiekādasadhammavicayanalakkhaṇo <span class="bld">vicayahāro</span> nāma. Vuttañca ‘‘yaṃ pucchitañca vissajjitañcā’’tiādi (netti. 4.2).</p>
<p class="subhead">Yuttihārasaṃvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mamanti <a name="V1.0423"></a> sāminiddeso yujjati sabhāvaniruttiyā tathāpayogadissanato, avaṇṇassa ca tadapekkhattā. Vāti vikappanatthaniddeso yujjati nepātikānamanekatthattā, ettha ca niyamābhāvato. Bhikkhaveti āmantananiddeso yujjati tadattheyeva etassa payogassa dissanato, desakassa ca paṭiggāhakāpekkhatoti evamādinā byañjanato ca –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbena sabbaṃ āghātādīnamakaraṇaṃ tādibhāvāya saṃvattatīti yujjati iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu samappavattisabbhāvato. Yasmiṃ santāne āghātādayo uppannā, tannimittakā antarāyā tasseva sampattivibandhāya saṃvattantīti yujjati kammānaṃ santānantaresu asaṅkamanato. Cittamabhibhavitvā uppannā āghātādayo subhāsitadubbhāsitasallakkhaṇepi asamatthatāya <a name="M1.0483"></a> saṃvattantīti yujjati kodhalobhānaṃ andhatamasabhāvato. Pāṇātipātādidussīlyato veramaṇī sabbasattānaṃ pāmojjapāsaṃsāya saṃvattatīti yujjati sīlasampattiyā mahato kittisaddassa abbhuggatattā. Gambhīratādivisesayuttena guṇena tathāgatassa vaṇṇanā ekadesabhūtāpi sakalasabbaññuguṇaggahaṇāya saṃvattatīti yujjati anaññasādhāraṇattā. Tajjāayonisomanasikāraparikkhatāni adhigamatakkanāni sassatavādādiabhinivesāya saṃvattantīti yujjati kappanajālassa asamugghāṭitattā. Vedanādīnaṃ anavabodhena vedanāpaccayā taṇhā vaḍḍhatīti yujjati assādānupassanāsabbhāvato, sati ca vedayitabhāve (vedayitarāge (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.149) tattha attattaniyagāho, sassatādigāho ca viparipphandatīti yujjati kāraṇassa sannihitattā. Taṇhāpaccayā hi upādānaṃ sambhavati. Sassatādivāde paññapentānaṃ, tadanucchavikañca vedanaṃ vedayantānaṃ phasso hetūti yujjati visayindriyaviññāṇasaṅgatiyā vinā tadabhāvato. Chaphassāyatananimittaṃ vaṭṭassa anupacchedoti yujjati tattha avijjātaṇhānaṃ appahīnattā. Channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayatthaṅgamādipajānanā sabbadiṭṭhigatikasaññaṃ aticca tiṭṭhatīti yujjati catusaccapaṭivedhabhāvato. Imāhiyeva dvāsaṭṭhiyā sabbadiṭṭhigatānaṃ antojālīkatabhāvoti yujjati akiriyavādādīnaṃ, issaravādādīnañca tadantogadhattā, tathā ceva heṭṭhā saṃvaṇṇitaṃ. Ucchinnabhavanettiko tathāgatassa kāyoti yujjati bhagavato abhinīhārasampattiyā catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu ṭhatvā sattannaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ yathābhūtaṃ bhāvitattā. Kāyassa bhedā parinibbutaṃ na dakkhantīti yujjati anupādisesanibbānappattiyaṃ rūpādīsu kassacipi anavasesatoti iminā nayena atthato ca sutte byañjanatthānaṃ yuttitāvibhāvanalakkhaṇo <a name="V1.0424"></a> <span class="bld">yuttihāro</span> nāma yathāha ‘‘sabbesaṃ hārānaṃ, yā bhūmī’’tiādi (netti. 4.3).</p>
<p class="subhead">Padaṭṭhānahāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vaṇṇārahāvaṇṇadubbaṇṇatānādeyyavacanatādi vipattīnaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Vaṇṇārahavaṇṇasubbaṇṇatāsaddheyyavacanatādi sampattīnaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Tathā āghātādayo nirayādidukkhassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Āghātādīnamakaraṇaṃ saggasampattiyādisabbasampattīnaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Pāṇātipātādipaṭivirati ariyassa sīlakkhandhassa <a name="M1.0484"></a> padaṭṭhānaṃ, ariyo sīlakkhandho ariyassa samādhikkhandhassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Ariyo samādhikkhandho ariyassa paññākkhandhassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Gambhīratādivisesayuttaṃ bhagavato paṭivedhappakārañāṇaṃ desanāñāṇassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Desanāñāṇaṃ veneyyānaṃ sakalavaṭṭadukkhanissaraṇassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Sabbāyapi diṭṭhiyā diṭṭhupādānabhāvato sā yathārahaṃ navavidhassapi bhavassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Bhavo jātiyā. Jāti jarāmaraṇassa, sokādīnañca padaṭṭhānaṃ. Vedanānaṃ yathābhūtaṃ samudayatthaṅgamādipaṭivedhanā catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ anubodhapaṭivedho hoti. Tattha anubodho paṭivedhassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Paṭivedho catubbidhassa sāmaññaphalassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Ajānataṃ apassata’’nti avijjāgahaṇaṃ. Tattha avijjā saṅkhārānaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ, saṅkhārā viññāṇassa. Yāva vedanā taṇhāya padaṭṭhānanti netvā tesaṃ ‘‘vedanāpaccayā taṇhā’’tiādinā pāḷiyamāgatanayena sambajjhitabbaṃ. ‘‘Taṇhāgatānaṃ paritassitavipphandita’’nti ettha taṇhā upādānassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Tadapi phassapaccayā’’ti ettha sassatādipaññāpanaṃ paresaṃ micchābhinivesassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Micchābhiniveso saddhammassavanasappurisūpanissayayonisomanasikāradhammānudhammapaṭipattīhi vimukhatāya asaddhammassavanādīnañca padaṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Aññatra phassā’’tiādīsu phasso vedanāya padaṭṭhānaṃ. Cha phassāyatanāni phassassa, sakalassa ca vaṭṭadukkhassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ yathābhūtaṃ samudayādipajānanaṃ nibbidāya padaṭṭhānaṃ, nibbidā virāgassātiādinā yāva anupādāparinibbānaṃ netabbaṃ. Bhagavato bhavanettisamucchedo sabbaññutāya padaṭṭhānaṃ, tathā anupādāparinibbānassa cāti. Ayaṃ sutte āgatadhammānaṃ padaṭṭhānadhammā, tesañca padaṭṭhānadhammāti yathāsambhavaṃ padaṭṭhānadhammaniddhāraṇalakkhaṇo <span class="bld">padaṭṭhānahāro</span> nāma. Vuttañhi ‘‘dhammaṃ deseti jino, tassa ca dhammassa yaṃ padaṭṭhāna’’ntiādi (netti. 4.4).</p>
<p class="subhead">Lakkhaṇahāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āghātādiggahaṇena <a name="V1.0425"></a> kodhūpanāhamakkhapalāsaissāmacchariyasārambhaparavambhanādīnaṃ saṅgaho paṭighacittuppādapariyāpannatāya ekalakkhaṇattā. Ānandādiggahaṇena abhijjhāvisamalobhamānātimānamadappamādānaṃ saṅgaho lobhacittuppādapariyāpannatāya ekalakkhaṇattā. Tathā <a name="M1.0485"></a> āghātaggahaṇena avasiṭṭhaganthanīvaraṇānaṃ saṅgaho kāyaganthanīvaraṇalakkhaṇena ekalakkhaṇattā. Ānandaggahaṇena phassādīnaṃ saṅgaho saṅkhārakkhandhalakkhaṇena ekalakkhaṇattā. Sīlaggahaṇena adhicittādhipaññāsikkhānaṃ saṅgaho sikkhālakkhaṇena ekalakkhaṇattā. Diṭṭhiggahaṇena avasiṭṭhaupādānānaṃ saṅgaho upādānalakkhaṇena ekalakkhaṇattā. ‘‘Vedanāna’’nti ettha vedanāggahaṇena avasiṭṭhaupādānakkhandhānaṃ saṅgaho upādānakkhandhalakkhaṇena ekalakkhaṇattā. Tathā dhammāyatanadhammadhātupariyāpannavedanāggahaṇena sammasanupagānaṃ sabbesampi āyatanānaṃ, dhātūnañca saṅgaho āyatanalakkhaṇena, dhātulakkhaṇena ca ekalakkhaṇattā. ‘‘Ajānataṃ apassata’’nti ettha avijjāggahaṇena hetuāsavoghayoganīvaraṇādīnaṃ saṅgaho hetādilakkhaṇena ekalakkhaṇattā, tathā ‘‘taṇhāgatānaṃ paritassitavipphandita’’nti ettha taṇhāggahaṇenapi. ‘‘Tadapi phassapaccayā’’ti ettha phassaggahaṇena saññāsaṅkhāraviññāṇānaṃ saṅgaho vipallāsahetubhāvena, khandhalakkhaṇena ca ekalakkhaṇattā. Chaphassāyatanaggahaṇena avasiṭṭhakhandhāyatanadhātindriyādīnaṃ saṅgaho phassuppattinimittatāya, sammasanīyabhāvena ca ekalakkhaṇattā. Bhavanettiggahaṇena avijjādīnaṃ saṃkilesadhammānaṃ saṅgaho vaṭṭahetubhāvena ekalakkhaṇattāti. Ayaṃ sutte anāgatepi dhamme ekalakkhaṇatādinā āgate viya niddhāraṇalakkhaṇo <span class="bld">lakkhaṇahāro</span> nāma. Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘vuttamhi ekadhamme, ye dhammā ekalakkhaṇā’’tiādi (netti. 4.5).</p>
<p class="subhead">Catubyūhahāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mamanti aneruttapadaṃ, tathā vāti ca. Bhikkhanasīlā bhikkhū. Parentiviruddhabhāvamupagacchantīti parā, aññatthe panetaṃ aneruttapadanti evamādinā <span class="bld">neruttaṃ,</span> taṃ pana ‘‘eva’’ntiādinidānapadānaṃ, ‘‘mama’’ntiādipāḷipadānañca aṭṭhakathāvasena, tassā līnatthavibhāvanīvasena ca suviññeyyattā ativitthārabhayena na vitthārayimha. Ye te nindāpasaṃsāhi sammākampitacetasā micchājīvato anoratā sassatādimicchābhinivesino sīlādidhammakkhandhesu appatiṭṭhitā sammāsambuddhaguṇarasassādavimukhā veneyyā, te kathaṃ nu kho yathāvuttadosavinimuttā <a name="V1.0426"></a> sammāpaṭipattiyā ubhayahitaparā <a name="M1.0486"></a> bhaveyyunti ayamettha bhagavato <span class="bld">adhippāyo.</span> Evamadhippetā puggalā, desanābhājanaṭṭhāne ca dassitā imissā desanāya <span class="bld">nidānaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pubbāparānusandhi</span> pana padasandhipadatthaniddesanikkhepasuttadesanāsandhivasena chabbidhā. Tattha ‘‘mama’’nti etassa ‘‘avaṇṇa’’nti iminā sambandhotiādinā padassa padantarena sambandho <span class="bld">padasandhi.</span> ‘‘Mama’’nti vuttassa bhagavato ‘‘avaṇṇa’’nti vuttena parehi upavaditena aguṇenasambandhotiādinā padatthassa padatthantarena sambandho <span class="bld">padatthasandhi.</span> ‘‘Mamaṃ vā bhikkhave, pare avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyu’’ntiādidesanā suppiyena paribbājakena vuttaavaṇṇānusandhivasena pavattā. ‘‘Mamaṃ vā bhikkhave, pare vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyu’’ntiādidesanā brahmadattena māṇavena vuttavaṇṇānusandhivasena pavattā. ‘‘Atthi bhikkhave, aññeva dhammā gambhīrā duddasā duranubodhā’’tiādidesanā bhikkhūhi vuttavaṇṇānusandhivasena pavattāti evaṃ nānānusandhikassa suttassa taṃtadanusandhīhi, ekānusandhikassa ca pubbāparabhāgehi sambandho <span class="bld">niddesasandhi.</span> <span class="bld">Nikkhepasandhi</span> pana catubbidhasuttanikkhepavasena. <span class="bld">Suttasandhi</span> ca tividhasuttānusandhivasena aṭṭhakathāyaṃ eva vicāritā, amhehi ca pubbe saṃvaṇṇitā. Ekissā desanāya desanāntarehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanaṃ <span class="bld">desanāsandhi,</span> sā panevaṃ veditabbā – ‘‘mamaṃ vā bhikkhave…pe… na cetaso anabhiraddhi karaṇīyā’’ti ayaṃ desanā ‘‘ubhatodaṇḍakena cepi bhikkhave, kakacena corā ocarakā aṅgamaṅgāni okanteyyuṃ, tatrapi yo mano padūseñña, na me so tena sāsanakaro’’ti (ma. ni. 1.232) imāya desanāya saddhiṃ saṃsandati. ‘‘Tumhaṃyevassa tena anantarāyo’’ti ayaṃ ‘‘kammassakā māṇava sattā kammadāyādā kammayonī kammabandhū kammapaṭisaraṇā kammaṃ satte vibhajati, yadidaṃ hīnapaṇītatāyā’’ti (ma. ni. 3.289-297) imāya, ‘‘api nu tumhe…pe… ājāneyyāthā’’ti ayaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kuddho atthaṃ na jānāti, kuddho dhammaṃ na passati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Andhaṃ tamaṃ tadā hoti, yaṃ kodho sahate nara’’nti. (a. ni. 7.64; mahāni. 5, 156, 195); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Imāya, ‘‘mamaṃ vā bhikkhave, pare vaṇṇaṃ…pe… na cetaso ubbilāvitattaṃ karaṇīya’’nti ayaṃ ‘‘dhammāpi vo bhikkhave, pahātabbā, pageva adhammā’’ti <a name="M1.0487"></a> (ma. ni. 1.240), ‘‘kullūpamaṃ vo bhikkhave, dhammaṃ desessāmi nittharaṇatthāya, no gahaṇatthāyā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.240) ca imāya, ‘‘tatra ce tumhe…pe… tumhaṃyevassa tena antarāyo’’ti ayaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Luddho <a name="V1.0427"></a> atthaṃ na jānāti, luddho dhammaṃ na passati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Andhaṃ tamaṃ tadā hoti, yaṃ lobho sahate nara’’nti. (itivu. 88; mahāni. 5, 156; cūḷani. 128) ca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kāmandhā jālasañchannā, taṇhāchadanachāditā;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Pamattabandhunābaddhā, macchāva kumīnāmukhe;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Jarāmaraṇamanventi, vaccho khīrapakova mātara’’nti. (udā. 64; netti. 27, 90; peṭako. 14) ca –</p>
<p class="unindented">Imāya, ‘‘appamattakaṃ kho panetaṃ sīlamattaka’’nti ayaṃ ‘‘vivicceva kāmehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, ayampi kho brāhmaṇa yañño purimehi yaññehi appaṭṭhataro ca appasamārambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mahānisaṃsataro cā’’ti (dī. ni. 1.353) imāya paṭhamajjhānassa sīlato mahapphalamahānisaṃsataratāvacanena jhānato sīlassa appaphalaappānisaṃsatarabhāvadīpanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Pāṇātipātaṃ pahāyā’’tiādidesanā ‘‘samaṇo khalu bho gotamo sīlavā ariyasīlena samannāgato’’tiādidesanāya (dī. ni. 1.304), ‘‘aññeva dhammā gambhīrā’’tiādidesanā ‘‘adhigato kho myāyaṃ dhammo gambhīro duddaso duranubodho’’tiādidesanāya, (dī. ni. 2.67; ma. ni. 1.281; 2.337; saṃ. ni. 1.172; mahāva. 7, 8) gambhīratādivisesayuttadhammapaṭivedhena hi ñāṇassa gambhīrādibhāvo viññāyati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Santi bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā pubbantakappikā’’tiādidesanā ‘‘santi bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā pubbantakappikā…pe… abhivadanti sassato attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ, moghamaññanti ittheke abhivadanti, asassato, sassato ca asassato ca, nevasassato ca nāsassato ca, antavā, anantavā, antavā ca anantavā ca, nevantavā ca nānantavā ca attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ, moghamaññanti ittheke abhivadantī’’tiādidesanāya (ma. ni. 3.27).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā <a name="M1.0488"></a> ‘‘santi bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā aparantakappikā’’tiādidesanā ‘‘santi bhikkhave <a name="V1.0428"></a> …pe… abhivadanti saññī attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā. Ittheke abhivadanti asaññī, saññī ca asaññī ca, nevasaññī ca nāsaññī ca attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā. Ittheke abhivadanti sato vā pana sattassa ucchedaṃ vināsaṃ vibhavaṃ paññapenti, diṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ vā paneke abhivadantī’’ntiādidesanāya (ma. ni. 3.21), ‘‘vedanānaṃ samudayañca…pe… tathāgato’’tiādidesanā ‘‘tadidaṃ saṅkhataṃ oḷārikaṃ, atthi kho pana saṅkhārānaṃ nirodho, atthetanti iti viditvā tassa nissaraṇadassāvī tathāgato tadupātivatto’’tiādidesanāya (ma. ni. 3.29), ‘‘tadapi tesaṃ…pe… vipphanditamevā’’ti ayaṃ ‘‘idaṃ tesaṃ vata aññatreva saddhāya aññatra ruciyā aññatra anussavā aññatra ākāraparivitakkā aññatra diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā paccattaṃyeva ñāṇaṃ bhavissati parisuddhaṃ pariyodāta’nti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Paccattaṃ kho pana bhikkhave, ñāṇe asati parisuddhe pariyodāte yadapi te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā tattha ñāṇabhāvamattameva pariyodāpenti, tadapi tesaṃ bhavataṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ upādānamakkhāyatī’’tiādidesanāya (saṃ. ni. 2.43), ‘‘tadapi phassapaccayā’’ti ayaṃ ‘‘cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso, phassapaccayā vedanā, vedanāpaccayā taṇhā, taṇhāpaccayā upādāna’’nti (saṃ. ni. 2.45), ‘‘chandamūlakā ime āvuso dhammā manasikārasamuṭṭhānā phassasamodhānā vedanāsamosaraṇā’’ti (pariyesitabbaṃ) ca ādidesanāya, ‘‘yato kho bhikkhave, bhikkhu channaṃ phassāyatanāna’’ntiādidesanā ‘‘yato kho bhikkhave, bhikkhu neva vedanaṃ attato samanupassati, na saññaṃ, na saṅkhāre, na viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati, so evaṃ asamanupassanto na kiñci loke upādiyati, anupādiyaṃ na paritassati, aparitassaṃ paccattaṃyeva parinibbāyatī’’tiādidesanāya, ‘‘sabbete imeheva dvāsaṭṭhiyā vatthūhi antojālīkatā’’tiādidesanā ‘‘ye hi keci bhikkhave…pe… abhivadanti, sabbete imāneva pañca kāyāni abhivadanti etesaṃ vā aññatara’’ntiādidesanāya (ma. ni. 3.26), ‘‘kāyassa bhedā…pe… devamanussā’’ti ayaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Accī <a name="M1.0489"></a> yathā vātavegena khittā (upasivāti bhagavā),</p>
<p class="gatha2">Atthaṃ paleti na upeti saṅkhaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Evaṃ munī nāmakāyā vimutto,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atthaṃ paleti na upeti saṅkha’’nti. (su. ni. 1080) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādidesanāya <a name="V1.0429"></a> saddhiṃ saṃsandatīti. Ayaṃ neruttamadhippāyadesanānidānapubbāparānusandhīnaṃ catunnaṃ vibhāvanalakkhaṇo <span class="bld">catubyūhahāro</span> nāma. Vuttampi cetaṃ ‘‘neruttamadhippāyo’’tiādi (netti. 4.6).</p>
<p class="subhead">Āvattahāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āghātādīnamakaraṇīyatāvacanena khantisoraccānuṭṭhānaṃ. Tattha khantiyā saddhāpaññāparāpakāradukkhasahagatānaṃ saṅgaho, tathā soraccena sīlassa. Saddhādiggahaṇena ca saddhindriyādisakalabodhipakkhiyadhammā āvattanti. Sīlaggahaṇena avippaṭisārādayo sabbepi sīlānisaṃsadhammā āvattanti. Pāṇātipātādīhi paṭivirativacanena appamādavihāro, tena sakalaṃ sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ āvattati. Gambhīratādivisesayuttadhammaggahaṇena mahābodhipakittanaṃ. Anāvaraṇañāṇapadaṭṭhānañhi āsavakkhayañāṇaṃ, āsavakkhayañāṇapadaṭṭhānañca anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ mahābodhīti vuccati, tena dasabalādayo sabbe buddhaguṇā āvattanti. Sassatādidiṭṭhiggahaṇena taṇhāvijjānaṃ saṅgaho, tāhi anamataggaṃ saṃsāravaṭṭaṃ āvattati. Vedanānaṃ yathābhūtaṃ samudayādipaṭivedhanena bhagavato pariññāttayavisuddhi, tāya paññāpāramimukhena sabbāpi pāramiyo āvattanti. ‘‘Ajānataṃ apassata’’nti ettha avijjāggahaṇena ayonisomanasikārapariggaho, tena ca nava ayonisomanasikāramūlakā dhammā āvattanti. ‘‘Taṇhāgatānaṃ paritassitavipphandita’’nti ettha taṇhāggahaṇena nava taṇhāmūlakā dhammā āvattanti. ‘‘Tadapi phassapaccayā’’tiādi sassatādipaññāpanassa paccayādhīnavuttidassanaṃ, tena aniccatādilakkhaṇattayaṃ āvattati. Channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānanena vimuttisampadāniddeso, tena sattapi visuddhiyo āvattanti. ‘‘Ucchinnabhavanettiko tathāgatassa kāyo’’ti taṇhāpahānaṃ vuttaṃ, tena bhagavato sakalasaṃkilesappahānaṃ āvattatīti ayaṃ desanāya gahitadhammānaṃ sabhāgavisabhāgadhammavasena <a name="M1.0490"></a> āvattanalakkhaṇo <span class="bld">āvattahāro</span> nāma. Yathāha ‘‘ekamhi padaṭṭhāne, pariyesati sesakaṃ padaṭṭhāna’’ntiādi (netti. 4.7).</p>
<p class="subhead">Vibhattihāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āghātānandādayo akusalā dhammā, tesaṃ ayonisomanasikārādi padaṭṭhānaṃ. Yehi pana dhammehi āghātānandādīnaṃ akaraṇaṃ appavatti, te abyāpādādayo kusalā dhammā, tesaṃ yonisomanasikārādi padaṭṭhānaṃ. Tesu āghātādayokāmāvacarāva, abyāpādādayo catubhūmakā, tathā <a name="V1.0430"></a> pāṇātipātādīhi paṭivirati kusalā vā abyākatā vā, tassā hirottappādayo dhammā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Tattha kusalā siyā kāmāvacarā, siyā lokuttarā. Abyākatā lokuttarāva. ‘‘Atthi bhikkhave, aññeva dhammā gambhīrā’’ti vuttadhammā siyā kusalā, siyā abyākatā. Tattha kusalānaṃ vuṭṭhānagāminivipassanā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Abyākatānaṃ maggadhammā, vipassanā, āvajjanā vā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Tesu kusalā lokuttarāva, abyākatā siyā kāmāvacarā, siyā lokuttarā, sabbāpi diṭṭhiyo akusalāva kāmāvacarāva, tāsaṃ avisesena micchābhinivese ayonisomanasikāro padaṭṭhānaṃ. Visesato pana santatighanavinibbhogābhāvato ekattanayassa micchāgāho atītajātianussaraṇatakkasahito sassatadiṭṭhiyā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Hetuphalabhāvena sambandhabhāvassa aggahaṇato nānattanayassa micchāgāho tajjāsamannāhārasahito ucchedadiṭṭhiyā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Evaṃ sesadiṭṭhīnampi yathāsambhavaṃ vattabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Vedanāna’’nti ettha vedanā siyā kusalā, siyā akusalā, siyā abyākatā, siyā kāmāvacarā, siyā rūpāvacarā, siyā arūpāvacarā, tāsaṃ phasso padaṭṭhānaṃ. Vedanānaṃ yathābhūtaṃ vedanānaṃ samudayādipaṭivedhanaṃ maggañāṇaṃ, anupādāvimutti ca phalañāṇaṃ, tesaṃ ‘‘aññeva dhammā gambhīrā’’ti ettha vuttanayena dhammādivibhāgo netabbo. ‘‘Ajānataṃ apassata’’ntiādīsu avijjātaṇhā akusalā kāmāvacarā, tāsu avijjāya āsavā, ayonisomanasikāro eva vā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Taṇhāya saṃyojaniyesu dhammesu assādadassanaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Tadapi phassapaccayā’’ti <a name="M1.0491"></a> ettha phassassa vedanāya viya dhammādivibhāgo veditabbo. Iminā nayena phassāyatanādīnampi yathārahaṃ dhammādivibhāgo netabboti ayaṃ saṃkilesadhamme, vodānadhamme ca sādhāraṇāsādhāraṇato, padaṭṭhānato, bhūmito ca vibhajanalakkhaṇo <span class="bld">vibhattihāro</span> nāma. Yathāha ‘‘dhammañca padaṭṭhānaṃ, bhūmiñca vibhajjate ayaṃ hāro’’tiādi (netti. 4.8).</p>
<p class="subhead">Parivattanahāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āghātādīnamakaraṇaṃ khantisoraccāni anubrūhetvā paṭisaṅkhānabhāvanābalasiddhiyā ubhayahitapaṭipattimāvahati. Āghātādayo pana pavattiyamānā dubbaṇṇataṃ, dukkhaseyyaṃ, bhogahāniṃ, akittiṃ, parehi durupasaṅkamanatañca nipphādentā nirayādīsu mahādukkhamāvahanti. Pāṇātipātādipaṭivirati avippaṭisārādikalyāṇaṃ paramparamāvahati. Pāṇātipātādi pana vippaṭisārādiakalyāṇaṃ paramparamāvahati. Gambhīratādivisesayuttaṃ ñāṇaṃ veneyyānaṃ yathārahaṃ vijjābhiññādiguṇavisesamāvahati sabbaññeyyassa yathāsabhāvāvabodhato. Tathā gambhīratādivisesarahitaṃ <a name="V1.0431"></a> pana ñāṇaṃ ñeyyesu sādhāraṇabhāvato yathāvuttaguṇavisesaṃ nāvahati. Sabbāpi cetā diṭṭhiyo yathārahaṃ sassatucchedabhāvato antadvayabhūtā sakkāyatīraṃ nātivattanti aniyyānikasabhāvattā. Sammādiṭṭhi pana saparikkhārā majjhimapaṭipadābhūtā sakkāyatīramatikkamma pāraṃ gacchati niyyānikasabhāvattā. Vedanānaṃ yathābhūtaṃ samudayādipaṭivedhanā anupādāvimuttimāvahati maggabhāvato. Vedanānaṃ yathābhūtaṃ samudayādiasampaṭivedho saṃsāracārakāvarodhamāvahati saṅkhārānaṃ paccayabhāvato. Vedayitasabhāvapaṭicchādako sammoho tadabhinandanamāvahati, yathābhūtāvabodho pana tattha nibbedhaṃ, virāgañca āvahati. Micchābhinivese ayonisomanasikārasahitā taṇhā anekavihitaṃ diṭṭhijālaṃ pasāreti. Yathāvuttataṇhāsamucchedo paṭhamamaggo taṃ diṭṭhijālaṃ saṅkoceti. Sassatavādādipaññāpanassa phasso paccayo asati phasse tadabhāvato. Diṭṭhibandhanabaddhānaṃ phassāyatanādīnamanirodhanena phassādianirodho saṃsāradukkhassa anivattiyeva yāthāvato phassāyatanādipariññā sabbadiṭṭhidassanāni ativattati, tesaṃ pana tathā apariññā <a name="M1.0492"></a> diṭṭhidassanaṃ nātivattati. Bhavanettisamucchedo āyatiṃ attabhāvassa anibbattiyā saṃvattati, asamucchinnāya bhavanettiyā anāgate bhavappabandho parivattatiyevāti ayaṃ sutte niddiṭṭhānaṃ dhammānaṃ paṭipakkhato parivattanalakkhaṇo <span class="bld">parivattanahāro</span> nāma. Kimāha ‘‘kusalākusale dhamme, niddiṭṭhe bhāvite pahīne cā’’tiādi.</p>
<p class="subhead">Vevacanahāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Mamaṃ mama me’’ti pariyāyavacanaṃ. ‘Vā yadi cā’’ti pariyāyavacanaṃ. ‘‘Bhikkhave samaṇā tapassino’’ti pariyāyavacanaṃ. ‘‘Pare aññe paṭiviruddhā’’ti…pe… naṃ. ‘‘Avaṇṇaṃ akittiṃ ninda’’nti…pe… naṃ. ‘‘Bhāseyyuṃ bhaṇeyyuṃ katheyyu’’nti…pe… naṃ. ‘‘Dhammassa vinayassa satthusāsanassā’’ti…pe… naṃ. ‘‘Saṅghassa samūhassa gaṇassā’’ti…pe… naṃ. ‘‘Tatra tattha tesū’’ti…pe… naṃ. ‘‘Tumhehi vo bhavantehī’’ti…pe… naṃ. ‘‘Āghāto doso byāpādo’’ti…pe… naṃ ‘‘appaccayo domanassaṃ cetasikadukkha’’nti…pe… naṃ. ‘‘Cetaso cittassa manaso’’ti…pe… naṃ. ‘‘Anabhiraddhi byāpatti manopadoso’’ti…pe… naṃ. ‘‘Na no a mā’’ti…pe… naṃ. ‘‘Karaṇīyā uppādetabbā pavattetabbā’’ti pariyāyavacanaṃ. Iminā nayena sabbapadesu vevacanaṃ vattabbanti ayaṃ tassa tassa atthassa taṃtaṃpariyāyasaddayojanālakkhaṇo <span class="bld">vevacanahāro</span> nāma. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘vevacanāni bahūni tu, sutte vuttāni ekadhammassā’’tiādi (netti. 4.10).</p>
<p class="subhead">Paññattihāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āghāto <a name="V1.0432"></a> vatthuvasena dasavidhena, ekūnavīsatividhena vā paññatto. Apaccayo upavicāravasena chadhā paññatto. Ānando pītiādivasena vevacanena navadhā paññatto. Pīti sāmaññato pana khuddikādivasena pañcadhā paññatto. Somanassaṃ upavicāravasena chadhā, sīlaṃ vārittacārittādivasena anekadhā, gambhīratādivisesayuttaṃ ñāṇaṃ cittuppādavasena catudhā, dvādasadhā vā, visayabhedato anekadhā ca, diṭṭhisassatādivasena dvāsaṭṭhiyā bhedehi, tadantogadhavibhāgena anekadhā ca, vedanā chadhā, aṭṭhasatadhā, anekadhā ca, tassā samudayo pañcadhā, tathā atthaṅgamopi, assādo duvidhena, ādīnavo tividhena, nissaraṇaṃ ekadhā<a name="M1.0493"></a>, catudhā ca, anupādāvimutti duvidhena, ‘‘ajānataṃ apassata’’nti vuttā avijjā visayabhedena catudhā, aṭṭhadhā ca, ‘‘taṇhāgatāna’’ntiādinā vuttā taṇhā chadhā, aṭṭhasatadhā, anekadhā ca, phasso nissayavasena chadhā, upādānaṃ catudhā, bhavo dvidhā, anekadhā ca, jāti vevacanavasena chadhā, tathā jarā sattadhā, maraṇaṃ aṭṭhadhā, navadhā ca, soko pañcadhā, paridevo chadhā, dukkhaṃ catudhā, tathā domanassaṃ, upāyāso catudhā paññattoti ayaṃ pabhedapaññatti, samūhapaññatti ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Samudayo hotī’’ti pabhavapaññatti, ‘‘yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti dukkhassa pariññāpaññatti, samudayassa pahānapaññatti, nirodhassa sacchikiriyāpaññatti, maggassa bhāvanāpaññatti. ‘‘Antojālīkatā’’tiādisabbadiṭṭhīnaṃ saṅgahapaññatti. ‘‘Ucchinnabhavanettiko’’tiādi duvidhena parinibbānapaññattīti evaṃ āghātādīnaṃ pabhavapaññattipariññāpaññattiādivasena. Tathā ‘‘āghāto’’ti byāpādassa vevacanapaññatti. ‘‘Appaccayo’’ti domanassassavevacanapaññattītiādivasena ca paññattibhedo vibhajjitabboti ayaṃ ekekassa dhammassa anekāhi paññattīhi paññapetabbākāravibhāvanalakkhaṇo <span class="bld">paññattihāro</span> nāma, tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ekaṃ bhagavā dhammaṃ, paṇṇattīhi vividhāhi desetī’’tiādi (netti. 4.11).</p>
<p class="subhead">Otaraṇahāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āghātaggahaṇena saṅkhārakkhandhasaṅgaho, tathā anabhiraddhiggahaṇena. Appaccayaggahaṇena vedanākkhandhasaṅgahoti idaṃ <span class="bld">khandhamukhena otaraṇaṃ.</span> Tathā āghātādiggahaṇena dhammāyatanaṃ, dhammadhātu, dukkhasaccaṃ, samudayasaccaṃ vā gahitanti idaṃ <span class="bld">āyatanamukhena,</span> <span class="bld">dhātumukhena,</span> <span class="bld">saccamukhena</span> ca <span class="bld">otaraṇaṃ</span><a name="V1.0433"></a>. Tathā āghātādīnaṃ sahajātā avijjā hetusahajātaaññamaññanissasampayuttaatthiavigatapaccayehi paccayo, asahajātā pana anantaraniruddhā anantarasamanantaraanantarūpanissayanatthivigatāsevanapaccayehi paccayo. Ananantarā pana upanissayavaseneva paccayo. Taṇhāupādānādi phassādīnampi tesaṃ sahajātānaṃ, asahajātānañca yathārahaṃ paccayabhāvo vattabbo. Koci panettha adhipativasena, koci kammavasena, koci āhāravasena, koci indriyavasena, koci jhānavasena koci <a name="M1.0494"></a> maggavasenāpi paccayoti ayampi viseso veditabboti idaṃ <span class="bld">paṭiccasamuppādamukhena otaraṇaṃ.</span> Imināva nayena ānandādīnampi khandhādimukhena otaraṇaṃ vibhāvetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā sīlaṃ pāṇātipātādīhi viraticetanā, abyāpādādicetasikadhammā ca, pāṇātipātādayo cetanāva, tesaṃ, tadupakārakadhammānañca lajjādayādīnaṃ saṅkhārakkhandhadhammāyatanādīsu saṅgahato purimanayeneva khandhādimukhena otaraṇaṃ vibhāvetabbaṃ. Esa nayo ñāṇadiṭṭhivedanāavijjātaṇhādiggahaṇesupi. Nissaraṇānupādāvimuttiggahaṇesu pana asaṅkhatadhātuvasenapi dhātumukhena otaraṇaṃ vibhāvetabbaṃ, tathā ‘‘vedanānaṃ…pe… anupādāvimutto’’ti etena bhagavato sīlādayo pañcadhammakkhandhā, satipaṭṭhānādayo ca bodhipakkhiyadhammā pakāsitā hontīti taṃmukhenapi otaraṇaṃ veditabbaṃ. ‘‘Tadapi phassapaccayā’’ti sassatādipaññāpanassa paccayādhīnavuttitādīpanena aniccatāmukhena otaraṇaṃ, tathā evaṃdhammatāya <span class="bld">paṭiccasamuppādamukhena otaraṇaṃ.</span> Aniccassa dukkhānattabhāvato <span class="bld">appaṇihitamukhena, suññatāmukhena otaraṇaṃ.</span> Sesapadesupi eseva nayo. Ayaṃ paṭiccasamuppādādimukhehi suttatthassa otaraṇalakkhaṇo <span class="bld">otaraṇahāro</span> nāma. Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘yo ca paṭiccuppādo, indriyakhandhā ca dhātuāyatanā’’tiādi (netti. 4.12).</p>
<p class="subhead">Sodhanahāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Mamaṃ vā bhikkhave, pare avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyu’’nti ārambho. ‘‘Dhammassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ saṅghassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyu’’nti padasuddhi, no ārambhasuddhi. ‘‘Tatra tumhehi na āghāto, na appaccayo, na cetaso anabhiraddhi karaṇīyā’’ti padasuddhi ceva ārambhasuddhi ca. Dutiyanayādīsupi eseva nayo, tathā ‘‘appamattakaṃ kho paneta’’ntiādi ārambho. ‘‘Katama’’ntiādi pucchā. ‘‘Pāṇātipātaṃ pahāyā’’tiādi padasuddhi, no ārambhasuddhi. No ca pucchāsuddhi. ‘‘Idaṃ kho’’tiādi pucchāsuddhi ceva padasuddhi ca, ārambhasuddhi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā <a name="V1.0434"></a> ‘‘atthi bhikkhave’’tiādi ārambho. ‘‘Katame ca te’’tiādi pucchā. ‘‘Santi bhikkhave’’tiādi ārambho. ‘‘Kimāgammā’’tiādi ārambhapucchā<a name="M1.0495"></a>. ‘‘Yathā samāhite’’tiādi padasuddhi, no ārambhasuddhi, no ca pucchāsuddhi. ‘‘Ime kho’’tiādi padasuddhi ceva pucchāsuddhi ca ārambhasuddhi ca. Iminā nayena sabbattha ārambhādayo veditabbā. Ayaṃ padārambhānaṃ sodhitāsodhitabhāvavicāraṇalakkhaṇo <span class="bld">sodhanahāro</span> nāma, vuttampi ca ‘‘vissajjitamhi pañhe, gāthāyaṃ pucchitāyamārabbhā’’tiādi (netti. 4.13).</p>
<p class="subhead">Adhiṭṭhānahāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Avaṇṇa’’nti sāmaññato adhiṭṭhānaṃ. Tamavikappetvā visesavacanaṃ ‘‘mamaṃ vā’’ti. Dhammassa vā saṅghassa vāti pakkhepi esa nayo. Tathā ‘‘sīla’’nti sāmaññato adhiṭṭhānaṃ. Tamavikappetvā visesavacanaṃ ‘‘pāṇātipātā paṭivirato’’tiādi. ‘‘Aññeva dhammā’’tiādi sāmaññato adhiṭṭhānaṃ, tamavikappetvā visesavacanaṃ ‘‘tayidaṃ bhikkhave, tathāgato pajānātī’’tiādi, tathā ‘‘pubbantakappikā’’tiādi sāmaññato adhiṭṭhānaṃ. Tamavikappetvā visesavacanaṃ ‘‘sassatavādā’’tiādi. Iminā nayena sabbattha yathādesitameva sāmaññavisesā niddhāretabbā. Ayaṃ suttāgatānaṃ dhammānaṃ avikappanāvasena yathādesitameva sāmaññavisesaniddhāraṇalakkhaṇo <span class="bld">adhiṭṭhānahāro</span> nāma, yathāha ‘‘ekattatāya dhammā, yepi ca vemattatāya niddiṭṭhā’’tiādi (netti. 4.14).</p>
<p class="subhead">Parikkhārahāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āghātādīnaṃ ‘‘anatthaṃ me acarī’’tiādīni (dha. sa. 1237; vibha. 909) ekūnavīsati āghātavatthūni hetu. Ānandādīnaṃ ārammaṇābhisineho hetu. Sīlassa hiriottappaṃ, appicchatādayo ca hetu. ‘‘Gambhīrā’’tiādinā vuttadhammassa sabbāpi pāramiyo hetu. Visesena paññāpāramī. Diṭṭhīnaṃ asappurisūpanissayo, asaddhammassavanaṃ micchābhinivesena ayonisomanasikāro ca avisesena hetu. Visesena pana sassatavādādīnaṃ atītajātianussaraṇādi hetu. Vedanānaṃ avijjā, taṇhā, kammādiphasso ca hetu. Anupādāvimuttiyā ariyamaggo hetu. Aññāṇassa ayonisomanasikāro hetu. Taṇhāya saṃyojaniyesu assādānupassanā hetu. Phassassa saḷāyatanāni hetu. Saḷāyatanassa nāmarūpaṃ hetu<a name="M1.0496"></a>. Bhavanettisamucchedassa visuddhibhāvanā hetūti ayaṃ parikkhārasaṅkhāte hetupaccaye niddhāretvā <a name="V1.0435"></a> saṃvaṇṇanālakkhaṇo <span class="bld">parikkhārahāro</span> nāma, tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ye dhammā yaṃ dhammaṃ, janayantippaccayā paramparato’’tiādi.</p>
<p class="subhead">Samāropanahāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āghātādīnamakaraṇīyatāvacanena khantisampadā dassitā hoti. ‘‘Appamattakaṃ kho paneta’’ntiādinā soraccasampadā. ‘‘Atthi bhikkhave’’tiādinā ñāṇasampadā. ‘‘Aparāmasato cassa paccattaññeva nibbuti viditā’’ti, ‘‘vedanānaṃ…pe… yathābhūtaṃ viditvā anupādāvimutto’’ti ca etehi samādhisampadāya saddhiṃ vijjāvimuttivasībhāvasampadā dassitā. Tattha khantisampadā paṭisaṅkhānabalasiddhito soraccasampadāya padaṭṭhānaṃ, soraccasampadā pana atthato sīlameva, sīlaṃ samādhisampadāya padaṭṭhānaṃ. Samādhi ñāṇasampadāya padaṭṭhānanti ayaṃ <span class="bld">padaṭṭhānasamāropanā.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Pāṇātipātādīhi paṭivirativacanaṃ sīlassa pariyāyavibhāgadassanaṃ. Sassatavādādivibhāgadassanaṃ pana diṭṭhiyā pariyāyavacananti ayaṃ <span class="bld">vevacanasamāropanā.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Sīlena vītikkamappahānaṃ, tadaṅgappahānaṃ, duccaritasaṃkilesappahānañca sijjhati. Samādhinā pariyuṭṭhānappahānaṃ, vikkhambhanappahānaṃ, taṇhāsaṃkilesappahānañca sijjhati. Paññāya diṭṭhisaṃkilesappahānaṃ, samucchedappahānaṃ, anusayappahānañca sijjhatīti ayaṃ <span class="bld">pahānasamāropanā.</span></p>
<p class="bodytext">Sīlādidhammakkhandhehi samathavipassanābhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati pahānattayasiddhitoti ayaṃ <span class="bld">bhāvanāsamāropanā.</span> Ayaṃ sutte āgatadhammānaṃ padaṭṭhānavevacanapahānabhāvanāsamāropanavicāraṇalakkhaṇo <span class="bld">samāropanahāro</span> nāma. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘ye dhammā yaṃ mūlā, ye cekatthā pakāsitā muninā’’tiādi, (netti. 4.16) ayaṃ soḷasahārayojanā.</p>
<p class="centered">Soḷasahāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pañcavidhanayavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="subhead">Nandiyāvaṭṭanayavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āghātādīnamakaraṇavacanena <a name="V1.0436"></a><a name="M1.0497"></a> taṇhāvijjāsaṅkoco dassito. Sati hi attattaniyavatthūsu sinehe, sammohe ca ‘‘anatthaṃ me acarī’’tiādinā āghāto jāyati, nāsati. Tathā ‘‘pāṇātipātā paṭivirato’’tiādivacanehi ‘‘paccattaññeva nibbuti viditā, anupādāvimutto, channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ…pe… yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’tiādivacanehi ca taṇhāvijjānaṃ accantappahānaṃ dassitaṃ hoti. Tāsaṃ pana pubbantakappikādipadehi, ‘‘ajānataṃ apassata’’ntiādipadehi ca sarūpatopi dassitānaṃ taṇhāvijjānaṃ rūpadhammā, arūpadhammā ca adhiṭṭhānaṃ. Yathākkamaṃ samatho ca vipassanā ca paṭipakkho, tesaṃ pana cetovimutti, paññāvimutti ca phalaṃ. Tattha taṇhā samudayasaccaṃ, taṇhāvijjā vā, tadadhiṭṭhānabhūtā rūpārūpadhammā dukkhasaccaṃ, tesamappavatti nirodhasaccaṃ, nirodhapajānanā samathavipassanā maggasaccanti evaṃ, catusaccayojanā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Taṇhāggahaṇena cettha māyāsāṭheyyamānātimānamadapamādapāpicchatāpāpamittatāahirikānottappādivasena sabbopi akusalapakkho netabbo. Tathā avijjāggahaṇenapi viparītamanasikārakodhupanāhamakkhapaḷāsaissāmacchariyasārambha dovacassatā bhavadiṭṭhivibhavadiṭṭhādivasena. Vuttavipariyāyena pana amāyāasāṭheyyādivasena, aviparītamanasikārādivasena ca sabbopi kusalapakkho netabbo. Tathā samathapakkhiyānaṃ saddhindriyādīnaṃ, vipassanāpakkhiyānañca aniccasaññādīnaṃ vasenāti ayaṃ taṇhāvijjāhi saṃkilesapakkhaṃ suttatthaṃ samathavipassanāhi ca vodānapakkhaṃ catusaccayojanamukhena nayanalakkhaṇassa <span class="bld">nandiyāvaṭṭanayassa bhūmi.</span> Vuttañhi ‘‘taṇhañca avijjampi ca, samathena vipassanāya yo netī’’tiādi.</p>
<p class="subhead">Tipukkhalanayavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āghātādīnamakaraṇavacanena adosasiddhi, tathā pāṇātipātapharusavācāhi paṭivirativacanenāpi. Ānandādīnamakaraṇavacanena pana alobhasiddhi<a name="M1.0498"></a>, tathā abrahmacariyato paṭivirativacanenāpi. Adinnādānādīhi pana paṭivirativacanena tadubhayasiddhi. ‘‘Tayidaṃ bhikkhave<a name="V1.0437"></a>, tathāgato pajānātī’’tiādinā amohasiddhi. Iti tīhi akusalamūlehi gahitehi tappaṭipakkhato āghātādīnamakaraṇavacanena ca tīṇi kusalamūlāni siddhāniyeva honti. Tattha tīhi akusalamūlehi tividhaduccaritasaṃkilesamalavisamākusalasaññāvitakkapañcādivasena sabbopi akusalapakkho vitthāretabbo. Tathā tīhi kusalamūlehi tividhasucaritavodānasamakusalasaññāvitakkapaññāsaddhammasamādhi- vimokkhamukhavimokkhādivasena sabbopi kusalapakkho vibhāvetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha cāyaṃ saccayojanā – lobho <span class="bld">samudayasaccaṃ,</span> sabbāni vā kusalākusalamūlāni, tehi pana nibbattā tesamadhiṭṭhānagocarabhūtā upādānakkhandhā <span class="bld">dukkhasaccaṃ,</span> tesamappavatti <span class="bld">nirodhasaccaṃ,</span> nirodhapajānanā vimokkhādikā <span class="bld">maggasacca</span>nti. Ayaṃ akusalamūlehi saṃkilesapakkhaṃ, kusalamūlehi ca vodānapakkhaṃ catusaccayojanamukhena nayanalakkhaṇassa <span class="bld">tipukkhalanayassa bhūmi.</span> Tathā hi vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yo akusale samūlehi,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Neti kusale ca kusalamūlehī’’tiādi. (netti. 4.18);</p>
<p class="subhead">Sīhavikkīḷitanayavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āghātānandādīnamakaraṇa-vacanena satisiddhi. Micchājīvāpaṭivirativacanena vīriyasiddhi. Vīriyena hi kāmabyāpādavihiṃsāvitakke vinodeti, vīriyasādhanañca ājīvapārisuddhisīlanti. Pāṇātipātādīhi paṭivirativacanena satisiddhi. Satiyā hi sāvajjānavajjo diṭṭho hoti. Tattha ca ādīnavānisaṃse sallakkhetvā sāvajjaṃ pahāya anavajjaṃ samādāya vattati. Tathā hi sā ‘‘niyyātanapaccupaṭṭhānā’’ti vuccati. ‘‘Tayidaṃ bhikkhave, tathāgato pajānātī’’tiādinā samādhipaññāsiddhi. Paññavā hi yathābhūtāvabodho samāhito ca yathābhūtaṃ pajānātīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā ‘‘nicco dhuvo’’tiādinā anicce ‘‘nicca’’nti vipallāso, ‘‘arogo paraṃ maraṇā, ekantasukhī attā, diṭṭhadhammanibbānappatto’’ti ca evamādīhi asukhe ‘‘sukha’’nti vipallāso. ‘‘Pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito’’tiādinā <a name="M1.0499"></a> asubhe ‘‘subha’’nti vipallāso. Sabbeheva diṭṭhippakāsanapadehi anattani ‘‘attā’’ti vipallāsoti evamettha cattāro vipallāsā siddhā <a name="V1.0438"></a> honti, tesaṃ paṭipakkhato cattāri satipaṭṭhānāni siddhāneva. Tattha catūhi yathāvuttehi indriyehi cattāro puggalā niddisitabbā. Kathaṃ duvidho hi taṇhācarito mudindriyo tikkhindriyoti, tathā diṭṭhicaritopi. Tesu paṭhamo asubhe ‘‘subha’’nti vipallatthadiṭṭhiko satibalena yathābhūtaṃ kāyasabhāvaṃ sallakkhetvā sammattaniyāmaṃ okkamati. Dutiyo asukhe ‘‘sukha’’nti vipallatthadiṭṭhiko ‘‘uppannaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ nādhivāsetī’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 1.26; a. ni. 4.14; 6.58) vuttena vīriyasaṃvarasaṅkhātena vīriyabalena taṃ vipallāsaṃ vidhamati. Tatiyo anicce ‘‘nicca’’nti vipallatthadiṭṭhiko samādhibalena samāhitabhāvato saṅkhārānaṃ khaṇikabhāvaṃ yathābhūtaṃ paṭivijjhati. Catuttho santatisamūhakiccārammaṇaghanavicittattā phassādidhammapuñjamatte anattani ‘‘attā’’ti vipallatthadiṭṭhiko catukoṭikasuññatāmanasikārena taṃ micchābhinivesaṃ viddhaṃseti. Catūhi cettha vipallāsehi caturāsavoghayogaganthaagatitaṇhuppādupādānasattaviññāṇaṭṭhitiapariññādivasena sabbopi akusalapakkho netabbo. Tathā catūhi satipaṭṭhānehi catubbidhajhānavihārādhiṭṭhānasukhabhāgiyadhammaappamaññāsammappadhānaiddhipādādivasena sabbopi vodānapakkho netabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha cāyaṃ saccayojanā – subhasaññāsukhasaññāhi, catūhipi vā vipallāsehi <span class="bld">samudayasaccaṃ,</span> tesamadhiṭṭhānārammaṇabhūtā pañcupādānakkhandhā <span class="bld">dukkhasaccaṃ,</span> tesamappavatti <span class="bld">nirodhasaccaṃ,</span> nirodhapajānanā satipaṭṭhānādikā <span class="bld">maggasacca</span>nti. Ayaṃ vipallāsehi saṃkilesapakkhaṃ, saddhindriyādīhi vodānapakkhaṃ catusaccayojanamukhena nayanalakkhaṇassa <span class="bld">sīhavikkīḷitanayassa bhūmi,</span> yathāha ‘‘yo neti vipallāsehi, kilese indriyehi saddhamme’’tiādi (netti. 4.19).</p>
<p class="subhead">Disālocanaaṅkusanayadvayavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iti tiṇṇaṃ atthanayānaṃ siddhiyā vohāranayadvayampi siddhameva hoti. Tathā hi atthanayattayadisābhūtadhammānaṃ samālocanameva <span class="bld">disālocananayo.</span> Tesaṃ samānayanameva <span class="bld">aṅkusanayo.</span> Tasmā yathāvuttanayena <a name="M1.0500"></a> atthanayānaṃ disābhūtadhammasamālokananayanavasena tampi nayadvayaṃ yojetabbanti, tena vuttaṃ ‘‘veyyākaraṇesu hi ye, kusalākusalā’’tiādi (netti. 4.20). Ayaṃ pañcanayayojanā.</p>
<p class="centered">Pañcavidhanayavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Sāsanapaṭṭhānavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ <a name="V1.0439"></a> pana suttaṃ soḷasavidhe sāsanapaṭṭhāne saṃkilesavāsanāsekkhabhāgiyaṃ taṇhādiṭṭhādisaṃkilesānaṃ sīlādipuññakiriyassa, asekkhasīlādikkhandhassa ca vibhattattā, saṃkilesavāsanānibbedhāsekkhabhāgiyameva vā yathāvuttatthānaṃ sekkhasīlakkhandhādikassa ca vibhattattā. Aṭṭhavīsatividhe pana sāsanapaṭṭhāne lokiyalokuttaraṃ sattadhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ ñāṇañeyyaṃ dassanabhāvanaṃ sakavacanaparavacanaṃ vissajjanīyāvissajjanīyaṃ kammavipākaṃ kusalākusalaṃ anuññātapaṭikkhittaṃ bhavo ca lokiyalokuttarādīnamatthānaṃ idha vibhattattāti. Ayaṃ sāsanapaṭṭhānayojanā.</p>
<p class="centered">Pakaraṇanayavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iti sumaṅgalavilāsiniyā dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāya paramasukhumagambhīraduranubodhatthaparidīpanāya suvimalavipulapaññāveyyattiyajananāya ajjavamaddavasoraccasaddhāsatidhitibuddhikhantivīriyādidhammasamaṅginā sāṭṭhakathe piṭakattaye asaṅgāsaṃhīravisāradañāṇacārinā anekappabhedasakasamayasamayantaragahanajjhogāhinā mahāgaṇinā mahāveyyākaraṇena <span class="bld">ñāṇābhivaṃsadhammasenāpati</span>nāmatherena mahādhammarājādhirājagarunā katāya sādhuvilāsiniyā nāma līnatthapakāsaniyā brahmajālasuttavaṇṇanāya līnatthavibhāvanā.</p>
<p class="centered">Brahmajālasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="centered">Paṭhamo bhāgo niṭṭhito.</p>
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