iapt-platform
/
mint
mirror of https://github.com/iapt-platform/mint.git


			
				
					
						
						
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<p class="centered"> Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa</p>
<p class="book">Visuddhimaggo</p>
<p class="subhead">(Paṭhamo bhāgo)</p>
<p class="subsubhead">Nidānādikathā</p>
<p class="hangnum"><a name="para1"></a><span class="paranum">1</span>.</p>
<p class="gatha1"> <span class="bld">Sīle</span> <a name="M1.0001"></a><a name="V1.0001"></a> <span class="bld">patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño, cittaṃ paññañca bhāvayaṃ;</span></p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Ātāpī nipako bhikkhu, so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭanti.</span> (saṃ. ni. 1.23);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iti hidaṃ vuttaṃ, kasmā panetaṃ vuttaṃ, bhagavantaṃ kira sāvatthiyaṃ viharantaṃ rattibhāge aññataro devaputto upasaṅkamitvā attano saṃsayasamugghāṭatthaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Antojaṭā bahijaṭā, jaṭāya jaṭitā pajā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Taṃ taṃ gotama pucchāmi, ko imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭanti. (saṃ. ni. 1.23) –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imaṃ <a name="V1.0002"></a> pañhaṃ pucchi. Tassāyaṃ saṅkhepattho – <span class="bld">jaṭā</span>ti taṇhāya jāliniyā etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Sā hi rūpādīsu ārammaṇesu heṭṭhupariyavasena punappunaṃ uppajjanato saṃsibbanaṭṭhena veḷugumbādīnaṃ sākhājālasaṅkhātā jaṭā viyāti jaṭā, sā panesā sakaparikkhāraparaparikkhāresu sakaattabhāvaparaattabhāvesu ajjhattikāyatanabāhirāyatanesu ca uppajjanato <span class="bld">antojaṭā bahijaṭā</span>ti vuccati. Tāya evaṃ uppajjamānāya <span class="bld">jaṭāya jaṭitā pajā</span>. Yathā nāma veḷugumbajaṭādīhi veḷuādayo, evaṃ tāya taṇhājaṭāya sabbāpi ayaṃ sattanikāyasaṅkhātā pajā jaṭitā vinaddhā, saṃsibbitāti attho. Yasmā ca evaṃ jaṭitā. <span class="bld">Taṃ taṃ gotama pucchāmī</span>ti tasmā taṃ pucchāmi. <span class="bld">Gotamā</span>ti bhagavantaṃ gottena ālapati. <span class="bld">Ko imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭa</span>nti imaṃ evaṃ tedhātukaṃ jaṭetvā ṭhitaṃ jaṭaṃ ko vijaṭeyya, vijaṭetuṃ ko samatthoti pucchati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M1.0002"></a> puṭṭho panassa sabbadhammesu appaṭihatañāṇacāro devadevo sakkānaṃ atisakko brahmānaṃ atibrahmā catuvesārajjavisārado dasabaladharo anāvaraṇañāṇo samantacakkhu bhagavā tamatthaṃ vissajjento –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño, cittaṃ paññañca bhāvayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ātāpī nipako bhikkhu, so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭanti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Imaṃ gāthamāha.</p>
<p class="hangnum"><a name="para2"></a><span class="paranum">2</span>.</p>
<p class="gatha1"> Imissā dāni gāthāya, kathitāya mahesinā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vaṇṇayanto yathābhūtaṃ, atthaṃ sīlādibhedanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sudullabhaṃ labhitvāna, pabbajjaṃ jinasāsane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sīlādisaṅgahaṃ khemaṃ, ujuṃ maggaṃ visuddhiyā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yathābhūtaṃ ajānantā, suddhikāmāpi ye idha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Visuddhiṃ nādhigacchanti, vāyamantāpi yogino.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tesaṃ <a name="V1.0003"></a> pāmojjakaraṇaṃ, suvisuddhavinicchayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ, desanānayanissitaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Visuddhimaggaṃ</span> bhāsissaṃ, taṃ me sakkacca bhāsato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Visuddhikāmā sabbepi, nisāmayatha sādhavoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para3"></a><span class="paranum">3</span>. Tattha <span class="bld">visuddhī</span>ti sabbamalavirahitaṃ accantaparisuddhaṃ nibbānaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tassā visuddhiyā maggoti visuddhimaggo. <span class="bld">Maggo</span>ti adhigamūpāyo vuccati. Taṃ visuddhimaggaṃ bhāsissāmīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So panāyaṃ <span class="bld">visuddhimaggo</span> katthaci <span class="bld">vipassanāmattavaseneva</span> desito. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccāti, yadā paññāya passati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Atha nibbindati dukkhe, esa maggo visuddhiyā’’ti. (dha. pa. 277);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Katthaci <span class="bld">jhānapaññāvasena</span>. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Yamhi jhānañca paññā ca, sa ve nibbānasantike’’ti. (dha. pa. 372);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Katthaci <span class="bld">kammādivasena</span>. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kammaṃ <a name="M1.0003"></a> vijjā ca dhammo ca, sīlaṃ jīvitamuttamaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Etena maccā sujjhanti, na gottena dhanena vā’’ti. (ma. ni. 3.387; saṃ. ni. 1.48);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Katthaci <span class="bld">sīlādivasena</span>. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbadā <a name="V1.0004"></a> sīlasampanno, paññavā susamāhito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Āraddhavīriyo pahitatto, oghaṃ tarati duttara’’nti. (saṃ. ni. 1.96);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Katthaci <span class="bld">satipaṭṭhānādivasena</span>. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Ekāyano ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā…pe… nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya, yadidaṃ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’’ti (dī. ni. 2.373).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sammappadhānādīsupi eseva nayo. Imasmiṃ pana pañhābyākaraṇe <span class="bld">sīlādivasena</span> desito.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para4"></a><span class="paranum">4</span>. Tatrāyaṃ saṅkhepavaṇṇanā – <span class="bld">sīle patiṭṭhāyā</span>ti sīle ṭhatvā, sīlaṃ paripūrayamānoyeva cettha sīle ṭhitoti vuccati. Tasmā sīlaparipūraṇena sīle patiṭṭhahitvāti ayamettha attho. <span class="bld">Naro</span>ti satto. <span class="bld">Sapañño</span>ti kammajatihetukapaṭisandhipaññāya paññavā. <span class="bld">Cittaṃ paññañca bhāvaya</span>nti samādhiñceva vipassanañca bhāvayamāno, cittasīsena hettha samādhi niddiṭṭho. Paññānāmena ca vipassanāti. <span class="bld">Ātāpī</span>ti vīriyavā. Vīriyañhi kilesānaṃ ātāpanaparitāpanaṭṭhena ātāpoti vuccati. Tadassa atthīti ātāpī. <span class="bld">Nipako</span>ti nepakkaṃ vuccati paññā, tāya samannāgatoti attho. Iminā padena pārihārikapaññaṃ dasseti. Imasmiñhi pañhābyākaraṇe tikkhattuṃ paññā āgatā. Tattha paṭhamā jātipaññā, dutiyā vipassanāpaññā, tatiyā sabbakiccapariṇāyikā pārihārikapaññā. Saṃsāre bhayaṃ ikkhatīti <span class="bld">bhikkhu. So imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭa</span>nti so iminā ca sīlena iminā ca cittasīsena niddiṭṭhasamādhinā imāya ca tividhāya paññāya iminā ca ātāpenāti chahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu. Seyyathāpi nāma puriso pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya <a name="M1.0004"></a> sunisitaṃ satthaṃ ukkhipitvā mahantaṃ veḷugumbaṃ vijaṭeyya, evameva sīlapathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya samādhisilāyaṃ sunisitaṃ vipassanāpaññāsatthaṃ vīriyabalapaggahitena pārihārikapaññāhatthena ukkhipitvā sabbampi taṃ attano santāne patitaṃ taṇhājaṭaṃ vijaṭeyya sañchindeyya sampadāleyya. Maggakkhaṇe panesa taṃ jaṭaṃ vijaṭeti nāma. Phalakkhaṇe vijaṭitajaṭo sadevakassa lokassa aggadakkhiṇeyyo hoti. Tenāha bhagavā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sīle <a name="V1.0005"></a> patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño, cittaṃ paññañca bhāvayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ātāpī nipako bhikkhu, so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭa’’nti. (saṃ. ni. 1.23);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para5"></a><span class="paranum">5</span>. Tatrāyaṃ yāya paññāya <span class="bld">sapañño</span>ti vutto, tatrāssa karaṇīyaṃ natthi. Purimakammānubhāveneva hissa sā siddhā. <span class="bld">Ātāpī nipako</span>ti ettha vuttavīriyavasena pana tena sātaccakārinā paññāvasena ca sampajānakārinā hutvā sīle patiṭṭhāya cittapaññāvasena vuttā samathavipassanā bhāvetabbāti imamatra bhagavā sīlasamādhipaññāmukhena visuddhimaggaṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā hi tisso sikkhā, tividhakalyāṇaṃ sāsanaṃ, tevijjatādīnaṃ upanissayo, antadvayavajjanamajjhimapaṭipattisevanāni, apāyādisamatikkamanupāyo, tīhākārehi kilesappahānaṃ, vītikkamādīnaṃ paṭipakkho, saṃkilesattayavisodhanaṃ, sotāpannādibhāvassa ca kāraṇaṃ pakāsitaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ? Ettha hi sīlena adhisīlasikkhā pakāsitā hoti, samādhinā adhicittasikkhā, paññāya adhipaññāsikkhā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sīlena ca sāsanassa ādikalyāṇatā pakāsitā hoti. ‘‘Ko cādi kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ, sīlañca suvisuddha’’nti (saṃ. ni. 5.369) hi vacanato, ‘‘sabbapāpassa akaraṇa’’nti (dī. ni. 2.90) ādivacanato ca sīlaṃ sāsanassa ādi, tañca kalyāṇaṃ, avippaṭisārādiguṇāvahattā. Samādhinā majjhekalyāṇatā pakāsitā hoti. ‘‘Kusalassa upasampadā’’ti (dī. ni. 2.90) ādivacanato hi samādhi sāsanassa majjhe, so ca kalyāṇo, iddhividhādiguṇāvahattā. Paññāya sāsanassa pariyosānakalyāṇatā pakāsitā hoti. ‘‘Sacittapariyodāpanaṃ, etaṃ buddhāna sāsana’’nti (dī. ni. 2.90) hi vacanato, paññuttarato <a name="M1.0005"></a> ca paññā sāsanassa pariyosānaṃ, sā ca kalyāṇaṃ, iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu tādibhāvāvahanato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Selo yathā ekaghano, vātena na samīrati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ nindāpasaṃsāsu, na samiñjanti paṇḍitā’’ti. (dha. pa. 81); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Hi vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā <a name="V1.0006"></a> sīlena tevijjatāya upanissayo pakāsito hoti. Sīlasampattiñhi nissāya tisso vijjā pāpuṇāti, na tato paraṃ. Samādhinā chaḷabhiññatāya upanissayo pakāsito hoti. Samādhisampadañhi nissāya cha abhiññā pāpuṇāti, na tato paraṃ. Paññāya paṭisambhidāpabhedassa upanissayo pakāsito hoti. Paññāsampattiñhi nissāya catasso paṭisambhidā pāpuṇāti, na aññena kāraṇena.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sīlena ca kāmasukhallikānuyogasaṅkhātassa antassa vajjanaṃ pakāsitaṃ hoti, samādhinā attakilamathānuyogasaṅkhātassa. Paññāya majjhimāya paṭipattiyā sevanaṃ pakāsitaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā sīlena apāyasamatikkamanupāyo pakāsito hoti, samādhinā kāmadhātusamatikkamanupāyo, paññāya sabbabhavasamatikkamanupāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sīlena ca tadaṅgappahānavasena kilesappahānaṃ pakāsitaṃ hoti, samādhinā vikkhambhanappahānavasena, paññāya samucchedappahānavasena.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā sīlena kilesānaṃ vītikkamapaṭipakkho pakāsito hoti, samādhinā pariyuṭṭhānapaṭipakkho, paññāya anusayapaṭipakkho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sīlena ca duccaritasaṃkilesavisodhanaṃ pakāsitaṃ hoti, samādhinā taṇhāsaṃkilesavisodhanaṃ, paññāya diṭṭhisaṃkilesavisodhanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā sīlena sotāpannasakadāgāmibhāvassa kāraṇaṃ pakāsitaṃ hoti, samādhinā anāgāmibhāvassa, paññāya arahattassa. Sotāpanno hi ‘‘sīlesu paripūrakārī’’ti (a. ni. 3.87) vutto, tathā sakadāgāmī. Anāgāmī <a name="M1.0006"></a> pana ‘‘samādhismiṃ paripūrakārī’’ti (a. ni. 3.87). Arahā pana ‘‘paññāya paripūrakārī’’ti (a. ni. 3.87).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ ettāvatā tisso sikkhā, tividhakalyāṇaṃ sāsanaṃ, tevijjatādīnaṃ upanissayo, antadvayavajjanamajjhimapaṭipattisevanāni, apāyādisamatikkamanupāyo, tīhākārehi kilesappahānaṃ, vītikkamādīnaṃ paṭipakkho, saṃkilesattayavisodhanaṃ, sotāpannādibhāvassa ca kāraṇanti ime nava, aññe ca evarūpā guṇattikā pakāsitā hontīti.</p>
<p class="chapter">1. Sīlaniddeso</p>
<p class="subhead">Sīlasarūpādikathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para6"></a><span class="paranum">6</span>. Evaṃ <a name="M1.0007"></a><a name="V1.0007"></a> anekaguṇasaṅgāhakena sīlasamādhipaññāmukhena desitopi panesa <span class="bld">visuddhimaggo</span> atisaṅkhepadesitoyeva hoti. Tasmā nālaṃ sabbesaṃ upakārāyāti vitthāramassa dassetuṃ sīlaṃ tāva ārabbha idaṃ pañhākammaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiṃ sīlaṃ, kenaṭṭhena sīlaṃ, kānassa lakkhaṇarasapaccupaṭṭhānapadaṭṭhānāni, kimānisaṃsaṃ sīlaṃ, katividhaṃ cetaṃ sīlaṃ, ko cassa saṃkileso, kiṃ vodānanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatridaṃ vissajjanaṃ. <span class="bld">Kiṃ sīla</span>nti pāṇātipātādīhi vā viramantassa vattapaṭipattiṃ vā pūrentassa cetanādayo dhammā. Vuttañhetaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ ‘‘kiṃ sīlanti cetanā sīlaṃ, cetasikaṃ sīlaṃ, saṃvaro sīlaṃ, avītikkamo sīla’’nti (paṭi. ma. 1.39). Tattha <span class="bld">cetanā sīlaṃ</span> nāma pāṇātipātādīhi vā viramantassa vattapaṭipattiṃ vā pūrentassa cetanā. <span class="bld">Cetasikaṃ sīlaṃ</span> nāma pāṇātipātādīhi viramantassa virati. Apica cetanā sīlaṃ nāma pāṇātipātādīni pajahantassa satta kammapathacetanā. Cetasikaṃ sīlaṃ nāma ‘‘abhijjhaṃ pahāya vigatābhijjhena cetasā viharatī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.217) ādinā nayena vuttā anabhijjhābyāpādasammādiṭṭhidhammā. <span class="bld">Saṃvaro sīla</span>nti ettha pañcavidhena saṃvaro veditabbo pātimokkhasaṃvaro, satisaṃvaro, ñāṇasaṃvaro, khantisaṃvaro, vīriyasaṃvaroti. Tattha iminā pātimokkhasaṃvarena upeto hoti samupetoti (vibha. 511) ayaṃ <span class="bld">pātimokkhasaṃvaro</span>. Rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjatīti (dī. ni. 1.213) ayaṃ <span class="bld">satisaṃvaro</span>.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yāni <a name="V1.0008"></a> sotāni lokasmiṃ, (ajitāti bhagavā;)</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sati tesaṃ nivāraṇaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūmi, paññāyete pidhiyyareti. (su. ni. 1041);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ <a name="M1.0008"></a> <span class="bld">ñāṇasaṃvaro</span>. Paccayapaṭisevanampi ettheva samodhānaṃ gacchati. Yo panāyaṃ khamo hoti sītassa uṇhassātiādinā (ma. ni. 1.24; a. ni. 6.58) nayena āgato, ayaṃ <span class="bld">khantisaṃvaro</span> nāma. Yo cāyaṃ uppannaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ nādhivāsetītiādinā (ma. ni. 1.26; a. ni. 6.58) nayena āgato, ayaṃ <span class="bld">vīriyasaṃvaro</span> nāma. Ājīvapārisuddhipi ettheva samodhānaṃ gacchati. Iti ayaṃ pañcavidhopi saṃvaro, yā ca pāpabhīrukānaṃ kulaputtānaṃ sampattavatthuto virati, sabbampetaṃ saṃvarasīlanti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Avītikkamo sīla</span>nti samādinnasīlassa kāyikavācasiko anatikkamo. Idaṃ tāva kiṃ sīlanti pañhassa vissajjanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para7"></a><span class="paranum">7</span>. Avasesesu <span class="bld">kenaṭṭhena sīla</span>nti sīlanaṭṭhena sīlaṃ. Kimidaṃ sīlanaṃ nāma. Samādhānaṃ vā, kāyakammādīnaṃ susīlyavasena avippakiṇṇatāti attho. Upadhāraṇaṃ vā, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ patiṭṭhānavasena ādhārabhāvoti attho. Etadeva hettha atthadvayaṃ saddalakkhaṇavidū anujānanti. Aññe pana siraṭṭho sīlattho, sītalaṭṭho sīlatthoti evamādināpi nayenettha atthaṃ vaṇṇayanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para8"></a><span class="paranum">8</span>. Idāni <span class="bld">kānassa lakkhaṇarasapaccupaṭṭhānapadaṭṭhānānī</span>ti ettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sīlanaṃ <span class="bld">lakkhaṇaṃ</span> tassa, bhinnassāpi anekadhā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sanidassanattaṃ rūpassa, yathā bhinnassanekadhā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā hi nīlapītādibhedena anekadhā bhinnassāpi rūpāyatanassa sanidassanattaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ, nīlādibhedena bhinnassāpi sanidassana bhāvānatikkamanato. Tathā sīlassa cetanādibhedena anekadhā bhinnassāpi yadetaṃ kāyakammādīnaṃ samādhānavasena kusalānañca dhammānaṃ patiṭṭhānavasena vuttaṃ sīlanaṃ, tadeva lakkhaṇaṃ, cetanādibhedena bhinnassāpi samādhānapatiṭṭhānabhāvānatikkamanato. Evaṃ lakkhaṇassa panassa –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dussīlyaviddhaṃsanatā<a name="V1.0009"></a>, anavajjaguṇo tathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kiccasampattiatthena, <span class="bld">raso</span> nāma pavuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmā <a name="M1.0009"></a> idaṃ sīlaṃ nāma kiccaṭṭhena rasena dussīlyaviddhaṃsanarasaṃ, sampattiatthena rasena anavajjarasanti veditabbaṃ. Lakkhaṇādīsu hi kiccameva sampatti vā rasoti vuccati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Soceyyapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, tayidaṃ tassa viññuhi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ottappañca hirī ceva, <span class="bld">padaṭṭhāna</span>nti vaṇṇitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tayidaṃ sīlaṃ kāyasoceyyaṃ vacīsoceyyaṃ manosoceyyanti (a. ni. 3.121) evaṃ vuttasoceyyapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, soceyyabhāvena paccupaṭṭhāti gahaṇabhāvaṃ gacchati. Hirottappañca panassa viññūhi padaṭṭhānanti vaṇṇitaṃ, āsannakāraṇanti attho. Hirottappe hi sati sīlaṃ uppajjati ceva tiṭṭhati ca. Asati neva uppajjati, na tiṭṭhatīti. Evaṃ sīlassa lakkhaṇarasapaccupaṭṭhānapadaṭṭhānāni veditabbāni.</p>
<p class="subhead">Sīlānisaṃsakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para9"></a><span class="paranum">9</span>. <span class="bld">Kimānisaṃsaṃ sīla</span>nti avippaṭisārādianekaguṇapaṭilābhānisaṃsaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘avippaṭisāratthāni kho, ānanda, kusalāni sīlāni avippaṭisārānisaṃsānī’’ti (a. ni. 11.1).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparampi vuttaṃ ‘‘pañcime gahapatayo ānisaṃsā sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Katame pañca? Idha gahapatayo sīlavā sīlasampanno appamādādhikaraṇaṃ mahantaṃ bhogakkhandhaṃ adhigacchati, ayaṃ paṭhamo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Puna caparaṃ gahapatayo sīlavato sīlasampannassa kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchati, ayaṃ dutiyo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Puna caparaṃ gahapatayo sīlavā sīlasampanno yaññadeva parisaṃ upasaṅkamati yadi khattiyaparisaṃ yadi brāhmaṇaparisaṃ yadi gahapatiparisaṃ yadi samaṇaparisaṃ, visārado upasaṅkamati amaṅkubhūto, ayaṃ tatiyo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Puna caparaṃ <a name="V1.0010"></a> gahapatayo sīlavā sīlasampanno asammūḷho kālaṃ karoti, ayaṃ catuttho ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Puna caparaṃ gahapatayo sīlavā sīlasampanno kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā <a name="M1.0010"></a> sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati, ayaṃ pañcamo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāyā’’ti (dī. ni. 2.150; a. ni. 5.213; mahāva. 285).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparepi ‘‘ākaṅkheyya ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīnaṃ piyo ca assaṃ manāpo ca garu ca bhāvanīyo cāti, sīlesvevassa paripūrakārī’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 1.65) nayena piyamanāpatādayo āsavakkhayapariyosānā anekā sīlānisaṃsā vuttā. Evaṃ avippaṭisārādianekaguṇānisaṃsaṃ sīlaṃ. Apica –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sāsane kulaputtānaṃ, patiṭṭhā natthi yaṃ vinā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ānisaṃsaparicchedaṃ, tassa sīlassa ko vade.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Na gaṅgā yamunā cāpi, sarabhū vā sarasvatī;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ninnagā vāciravatī, mahī vāpi mahānadī.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sakkuṇanti visodhetuṃ, taṃ malaṃ idha pāṇinaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Visodhayati sattānaṃ, yaṃ ve sīlajalaṃ malaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Na taṃ sajaladā vātā, na cāpi haricandanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Neva hārā na maṇayo, na candakiraṇaṅkurā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Samayantīdha sattānaṃ, pariḷāhaṃ surakkhitaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yaṃ sameti idaṃ ariyaṃ, sīlaṃ accantasītalaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sīlagandhasamo gandho, kuto nāma bhavissati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yo samaṃ anuvāte ca, paṭivāte ca vāyati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saggārohaṇasopānaṃ<a name="V1.0011"></a>, aññaṃ sīlasamaṃ kuto;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dvāraṃ vā pana nibbāna, nagarassa pavesane.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sobhantevaṃ na rājāno, muttāmaṇivibhūsitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yathā sobhanti yatino, sīlabhūsanabhūsitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Attānuvādādibhayaṃ, viddhaṃsayati sabbaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Janeti kittihāsañca, sīlaṃ sīlavataṃ sadā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Guṇānaṃ <a name="M1.0011"></a> mūlabhūtassa, dosānaṃ balaghātino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Iti sīlassa viññeyyaṃ, ānisaṃsakathāmukhanti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Sīlappabhedakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para10"></a><span class="paranum">10</span>. Idāni yaṃ vuttaṃ <span class="bld">katividhaṃ cetaṃ sīla</span>nti, tatridaṃ vissajjanaṃ. Sabbameva tāva idaṃ sīlaṃ attano sīlanalakkhaṇena <span class="bld">ekavidhaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Cārittavārittavasena <span class="bld">duvidhaṃ</span>. Tathā ābhisamācārikaādibrahmacariyakavasena, viratiavirativasena, nissitānissitavasena, kālapariyantaāpāṇakoṭikavasena, sapariyantāpariyantavasena, lokiyalokuttaravasena ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tividhaṃ</span> hīnamajjhimapaṇītavasena. Tathā attādhipateyyalokādhipateyyadhammādhipateyyavasena, parāmaṭṭhāparāmaṭṭhapaṭippassaddhivasena, visuddhāvisuddhavematikavasena, sekkhāsekkhanevasekkhanāsekkhavasena ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Catubbidhaṃ</span> hānabhāgiyaṭhitibhāgiyavisesabhāgiyanibbedhabhāgiyavasena. Tathā bhikkhubhikkhunīanupasampannagahaṭṭhasīlavasena, pakatiācāradhammatāpubbahetukasīlavasena, pātimokkhasaṃvaraindriyasaṃvaraājīvapārisuddhipaccayasannissitasīlavasena ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pañcavidhaṃ</span> <a name="V1.0012"></a> pariyantapārisuddhisīlādivasena. Vuttampi cetaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ ‘‘pañca sīlāni – pariyantapārisuddhisīlaṃ, apariyantapārisuddhisīlaṃ, paripuṇṇapārisuddhisīlaṃ, aparāmaṭṭhapārisuddhisīlaṃ, paṭippassaddhipārisuddhisīla’’nti (paṭi. ma. 1.37). Tathā pahānaveramaṇīcetanāsaṃvarāvītikkamavasena.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para11"></a><span class="paranum">11</span>. Tattha ekavidhakoṭṭhāse attho vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Duvidhakoṭṭhāse yaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘idaṃ kattabba’’nti paññattasikkhāpadapūraṇaṃ, taṃ <span class="bld">cārittaṃ</span>. Yaṃ ‘‘idaṃ na kattabba’’nti paṭikkhittassa akaraṇaṃ, taṃ <span class="bld">vārittaṃ</span>. Tatrāyaṃ vacanattho. Caranti tasmiṃ sīlesu paripūrakāritāya pavattantīti cārittaṃ. Vāritaṃ tāyanti rakkhanti tenāti vārittaṃ. Tattha saddhāvīriyasādhanaṃ cārittaṃ, saddhāsādhanaṃ vārittaṃ. Evaṃ cārittavārittavasena duvidhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dutiyaduke <a name="M1.0012"></a> <span class="bld">abhisamācāro</span>ti uttamasamācāro. Abhisamācāro eva <span class="bld">ābhisamācārikaṃ</span>. Abhisamācāraṃ vā ārabbha paññattaṃ ābhisamācārikaṃ, ājīvaṭṭhamakato avasesasīlassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Maggabrahmacariyassa ādibhāvabhūtanti <span class="bld">ādibrahmacariyakaṃ,</span> ājīvaṭṭhamakasīlassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Tañhi maggassa ādibhāvabhūtaṃ, pubbabhāgeyeva parisodhetabbato. Tenāha – ‘‘pubbeva kho panassa kāyakammaṃ vacīkammaṃ ājīvo suparisuddho hotī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.431). Yāni vā sikkhāpadāni khuddānukhuddakānīti vuttāni, idaṃ ābhisamācārikasīlaṃ. Sesaṃ ādibrahmacariyakaṃ. Ubhatovibhaṅgapariyāpannaṃ vā ādibrahmacariyakaṃ. Khandhakavattapariyāpannaṃ ābhisamācārikaṃ. Tassa sampattiyā ādibrahmacariyakaṃ sampajjati. Tenevāha – ‘‘so vata, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ābhisamācārikaṃ dhammaṃ aparipūretvā ādibrahmacariyakaṃ dhammaṃ paripūressatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī’’ti (a. ni. 5.21). Evaṃ ābhisamācārikaādibrahmacariyakavasena duvidhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatiyaduke pāṇātipātādīhi veramaṇimattaṃ <span class="bld">viratisīlaṃ</span>. Sesaṃ cetanādi <span class="bld">aviratisīla</span>nti evaṃ viratiavirativasena duvidhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Catutthaduke nissayoti dve nissayā taṇhānissayo ca diṭṭhinissayo ca. Tattha yaṃ ‘‘imināhaṃ sīlena devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’’ti (dī. ni. 3.320; ma. ni. 1.186; a. ni. 5.206; 7.50) evaṃ <a name="V1.0013"></a> bhavasampattiṃ ākaṅkhamānena pavattitaṃ, idaṃ <span class="bld">taṇhānissitaṃ</span>. Yaṃ ‘‘sīlena suddhī’’ti evaṃ suddhidiṭṭhiyā pavattitaṃ, idaṃ <span class="bld">diṭṭhinissitaṃ</span>. Yaṃ pana lokuttaraṃ lokiyañca tasseva sambhārabhūtaṃ, idaṃ <span class="bld">anissita</span>nti evaṃ nissitānissitavasena duvidhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pañcamaduke kālaparicchedaṃ katvā samādinnaṃ sīlaṃ <span class="bld">kālapariyantaṃ</span>. Yāvajīvaṃ samādiyitvā tatheva pavattitaṃ <span class="bld">āpāṇakoṭika</span>nti evaṃ kālapariyantaāpāṇakoṭikavasena duvidhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Chaṭṭhaduke lābhayasañātiaṅgajīvitavasena diṭṭhapariyantaṃ <span class="bld">sapariyantaṃ</span> nāma. Viparītaṃ <span class="bld">apariyantaṃ</span>. Vuttampi cetaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ ‘‘katamaṃ taṃ sīlaṃ sapariyantaṃ? Atthi sīlaṃ lābhapariyantaṃ, atthi sīlaṃ yasapariyantaṃ, atthi <a name="M1.0013"></a> sīlaṃ ñātipariyantaṃ, atthi sīlaṃ aṅgapariyantaṃ, atthi sīlaṃ jīvitapariyantaṃ. Katamaṃ taṃ sīlaṃ lābhapariyantaṃ? Idhekacco lābhahetu lābhapaccayā lābhakāraṇā yathāsamādinnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ vītikkamati, idaṃ taṃ sīlaṃ lābhapariyanta’’nti (paṭi. ma. 1.38). Eteneva upāyena itarānipi vitthāretabbāni. Apariyantavissajjanepi vuttaṃ ‘‘katamaṃ taṃ sīlaṃ na lābhapariyantaṃ? Idhekacco lābhahetu lābhapaccayā lābhakāraṇā yathāsamādinnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ vītikkamāya cittampi na uppādeti, kiṃ so vītikkamissati, idaṃ taṃ sīlaṃ na lābhapariyanta’’nti (paṭi. ma. 1.38). Etenevupāyena itarānipi vitthāretabbāni. Evaṃ sapariyantāpariyantavasena duvidhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sattamaduke sabbampi sāsavaṃ sīlaṃ <span class="bld">lokiyaṃ</span>. Anāsavaṃ <span class="bld">lokuttaraṃ</span>. Tattha lokiyaṃ bhavavisesāvahaṃ hoti bhavanissaraṇassa ca sambhāro. Yathāha – ‘‘vinayo saṃvaratthāya, saṃvaro avippaṭisāratthāya, avippaṭisāro pāmojjatthāya, pāmojjaṃ pītatthāya, pīti passaddhatthāya, passaddhi sukhatthāya, sukhaṃ samādhatthāya, samādhi yathābhūtañāṇadassanatthāya, yathābhūtañāṇadassanaṃ nibbidatthāya, nibbidā virāgatthāya, virāgo vimuttatthāya, vimutti vimuttiñāṇadassanatthāya, vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ anupādāparinibbānatthāya, etadatthā kathā, etadatthā mantanā, etadatthā upanisā, etadatthaṃ sotāvadhānaṃ, yadidaṃ anupādācittassa vimokkho’’ti (pari. 366). Lokuttaraṃ bhavanissaraṇāvahaṃ hoti paccavekkhaṇañāṇassa ca bhūmīti evaṃ lokiyalokuttaravasena duvidhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para12"></a><span class="paranum">12</span>. Tikesu <a name="V1.0014"></a> paṭhamattike hīnena chandena cittena vīriyena vīmaṃsāya vā pavattitaṃ <span class="bld">hīnaṃ</span>. Majjhimehi chandādīhi pavattitaṃ <span class="bld">majjhimaṃ</span>. Paṇītehi <span class="bld">paṇītaṃ</span>. Yasakāmatāya vā samādinnaṃ hīnaṃ. Puññaphalakāmatāya majjhimaṃ. Kattabbamevidanti ariyabhāvaṃ nissāya samādinnaṃ paṇītaṃ. ‘‘Ahamasmi sīlasampanno, ime panaññe bhikkhū dussīlā pāpadhammā’’ti evaṃ attukkaṃsanaparavambhanādīhi upakkiliṭṭhaṃ vā hīnaṃ. Anupakkiliṭṭhaṃ lokiyaṃ sīlaṃ majjhimaṃ. Lokuttaraṃ paṇītaṃ. Taṇhāvasena vā bhavabhogatthāya pavattitaṃ hīnaṃ. Attano vimokkhatthāya pavattitaṃ majjhimaṃ. Sabbasattānaṃ vimokkhatthāya pavattitaṃ pāramitāsīlaṃ paṇītanti evaṃ hīnamajjhimapaṇītavasena tividhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dutiyattike <a name="M1.0014"></a> attano ananurūpaṃ pajahitukāmena attagarunā attanigāravena pavattitaṃ <span class="bld">attādhipateyyaṃ</span>. Lokāpavādaṃ pariharitukāmena lokagarunā loke gāravena pavattitaṃ <span class="bld">lokādhipateyyaṃ</span>. Dhammamahattaṃ pūjetukāmena dhammagarunā dhammagāravena pavattitaṃ <span class="bld">dhammādhipateyya</span>nti evaṃ attādhipateyyādivasena tividhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatiyattike yaṃ dukesu nissitanti vuttaṃ, taṃ taṇhādiṭṭhīhi parāmaṭṭhattā <span class="bld">parāmaṭṭhaṃ</span>. Puthujjanakalyāṇakassa maggasambhārabhūtaṃ sekkhānañca maggasampayuttaṃ <span class="bld">aparāmaṭṭhaṃ</span>. Sekkhāsekkhānaṃ phalasampayuttaṃ <span class="bld">paṭippassaddha</span>nti evaṃ parāmaṭṭhādivasena tividhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Catutthattike yaṃ āpattiṃ anāpajjantena pūritaṃ, āpajjitvā vā puna katapaṭikammaṃ, taṃ <span class="bld">visuddhaṃ</span>. Āpattiṃ āpannassa akatapaṭikammaṃ <span class="bld">avisuddhaṃ</span>. Vatthumhi vā āpattiyā vā ajjhācāre vā vematikassa sīlaṃ <span class="bld">vematikasīlaṃ</span> nāma. Tattha yoginā avisuddhasīlaṃ visodhetabbaṃ, vematike vatthujjhācāraṃ akatvā vimati paṭivinetabbā ‘‘iccassa phāsu bhavissatī’’ti evaṃ visuddhādivasena tividhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pañcamattike catūhi ariyamaggehi tīhi ca sāmaññaphalehi sampayuttaṃ sīlaṃ <span class="bld">sekkhaṃ</span>. Arahattaphalasampayuttaṃ <span class="bld">asekkhaṃ</span>. Sesaṃ <span class="bld">nevasekkhanāsekkha</span>nti evaṃ sekkhādivasena tividhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paṭisambhidāyaṃ pana yasmā loke tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ pakatipi sīlanti vuccati, yaṃ sandhāya <a name="V1.0015"></a> ‘‘ayaṃ sukhasīlo, ayaṃ dukkhasīlo, ayaṃ kalahasīlo, ayaṃ maṇḍanasīlo’’ti bhaṇanti, tasmā tena pariyāyena ‘‘tīṇi sīlāni, kusalasīlaṃ akusalasīlaṃ abyākatasīlanti (paṭi. ma. 1.39). Evaṃ kusalādivasenapi tividhanti vuttaṃ. Tattha akusalaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetassa sīlassa lakkhaṇādīsu ekenapi na sametīti idha na upanītaṃ, tasmā vuttanayenevassa tividhatā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para13"></a><span class="paranum">13</span>. Catukkesu paṭhamacatukke –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yodha sevati dussīle, sīlavante na sevati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vatthuvītikkame dosaṃ, na passati aviddasu.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Micchāsaṅkappabahulo<a name="M1.0015"></a>, indriyāni na rakkhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evarūpassa ve sīlaṃ, jāyate <span class="bld">hānabhāgiyaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yo panattamano hoti, sīlasampattiyā idha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kammaṭṭhānānuyogamhi, na uppādeti mānasaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tuṭṭhassa sīlamattena, aghaṭantassa uttari;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tassa taṃ <span class="bld">ṭhitibhāgiyaṃ,</span> sīlaṃ bhavati bhikkhuno.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sampannasīlo ghaṭati, samādhatthāya yo pana;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Visesabhāgiyaṃ sīlaṃ, hoti etassa bhikkhuno.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Atuṭṭho sīlamattena, nibbidaṃ yonuyuñjati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Hoti <span class="bld">nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ,</span> sīlametassa bhikkhunoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ hānabhāgiyādivasena catubbidhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dutiyacatukke <a name="V1.0016"></a> bhikkhū ārabbha paññattasikkhāpadāni, yāni ca nesaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ paññattito rakkhitabbāni, idaṃ <span class="bld">bhikkhusīlaṃ</span>. Bhikkhuniyo ārabbha paññattasikkhāpadāni, yāni ca tāsaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ paññattito rakkhitabbāni, idaṃ <span class="bld">bhikkhunisīlaṃ</span>. Sāmaṇerasāmaṇerīnaṃ dasasīlāni <span class="bld">anupasampannasīlaṃ</span>. Upāsakaupāsikānaṃ niccasīlavasena pañcasikkhāpadāni, sati vā ussāhe dasa, uposathaṅgavasena aṭṭhāti idaṃ <span class="bld">gahaṭṭhasīla</span>nti evaṃ bhikkhusīlādivasena catubbidhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatiyacatukke uttarakurukānaṃ manussānaṃ avītikkamo <span class="bld">pakatisīlaṃ</span>. Kuladesapāsaṇḍānaṃ attano attano mariyādācārittaṃ <span class="bld">ācārasīlaṃ</span>. ‘‘Dhammatā esā, ānanda, yadā bodhisatto mātukucchiṃ okkanto hoti na bodhisattamātu purisesu mānasaṃ uppajji kāmaguṇūpasaṃhita’’nti evaṃ vuttaṃ bodhisattamātusīlaṃ <span class="bld">dhammatāsīlaṃ</span>. Mahākassapādīnaṃ pana suddhasattānaṃ, bodhisattassa ca tāsu tāsu jātīsu sīlaṃ <span class="bld">pubbahetukasīla</span>nti evaṃ pakatisīlādivasena catubbidhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Catutthacatukke yaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘idha bhikkhu pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī samādāya <a name="M1.0016"></a> sikkhati sikkhāpadesū’’ti (vibha. 508; dī. ni. 1.193) vaṃ vuttaṃ sīlaṃ, idaṃ <span class="bld">pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlaṃ</span> nāma. Yaṃ pana ‘‘so cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī, yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā…pe… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā…pe… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya na nimittaggāhī…pe… manindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.22, 411; dī. ni. 1.213; a. ni. 4.198) vuttaṃ, idaṃ <span class="bld">indriyasaṃvarasīlaṃ</span>. Yā pana ājīvahetupaññattānaṃ channaṃ sikkhāpadānaṃ vītikkamassa, ‘‘kuhanā lapanā nemittikatā nippesikatā lābhena lābhaṃ nijigīsanatā’’ti evamādīnañca pāpadhammānaṃ vasena pavattā micchājīvā virati, idaṃ <span class="bld">ājīvapārisuddhisīlaṃ</span>. ‘‘Paṭisaṅkhā yoniso cīvaraṃ paṭisevati, yāvadeva sītassa paṭighātāyā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.23; a. ni. 6.58) ādinā nayena vutto paṭisaṅkhānaparisuddho catupaccayaparibhogo <span class="bld">paccayasannissitasīlaṃ</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para14"></a><span class="paranum">14</span>. Tatrāyaṃ <a name="V1.0017"></a> ādito paṭṭhāya anupubbapadavaṇṇanāya saddhiṃ vinicchayakathā. <span class="bld">Idhā</span>ti imasmiṃ sāsane. <span class="bld">Bhikkhū</span>ti saṃsāre bhayaṃ ikkhaṇatāya vā bhinnapaṭadharāditāya vā evaṃ laddhavohāro saddhāpabbajito kulaputto. <span class="bld">Pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto</span>ti ettha pātimokkhanti sikkhāpadasīlaṃ. Tañhi yo naṃ pāti rakkhati, taṃ mokkheti mocayati āpāyikādīhi dukkhehi, tasmā <span class="bld">pātimokkha</span>nti vuccati. Saṃvaraṇaṃ saṃvaro, kāyikavācasikassa avītikkamassetaṃ nāmaṃ. Pātimokkhameva saṃvaro pātimokkhasaṃvaro. Tena pātimokkhasaṃvarena saṃvuto pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto, upagato samannāgatoti attho. <span class="bld">Viharatī</span>ti iriyati. <span class="bld">Ācāragocarasampanno</span>tiādīnamattho pāḷiyaṃ āgatanayeneva veditabbo. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Ācāragocarasampanno’’ti atthi ācāro, atthi anācāro;</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M1.0017"></a> katamo <span class="bld">anācāro</span>? Kāyiko vītikkamo vācasiko vītikkamo kāyikavācasiko vītikkamo, ayaṃ vuccati anācāro. Sabbampi dussīlyaṃ anācāro. Idhekacco veḷudānena vā pattadānena vā pupphaphalasinānadantakaṭṭhadānena vā cāṭukamyatāya vā muggasūpyatāya vā pāribhaṭyatāya vā jaṅghapesanikena vā aññataraññatarena vā buddhapaṭikuṭṭhena micchāājīvena jīvikaṃ kappeti, ayaṃ vuccati anācāro.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha katamo <span class="bld">ācāro</span>? Kāyiko avītikkamo vācasiko avītikkamo kāyikavācasiko avītikkamo, ayaṃ vuccati ācāro. Sabbopi sīlasaṃvaro ācāro. Idhekacco na veḷudānena vā na pattana pupphana phalana sinānana dantakaṭṭhadānena vā na cāṭukamyatāya vā na muggasūpyatāya vā na pāribhaṭyatāya vā na jaṅghapesanikena vā na aññataraññatarena vā buddhapaṭikuṭṭhena micchāājīvena jīvikaṃ kappeti, ayaṃ vuccati ācāro.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gocaroti atthi gocaro atthi agocaro.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="V1.0018"></a> katamo <span class="bld">agocaro</span>? Idhekacco vesiyāgocaro vā hoti vidhavā, thullakumārikā, paṇḍaka, bhikkhunī, pānāgāragocaro vā hoti, saṃsaṭṭho viharati rājūhi rājamahāmattehi titthiyehi titthiyasāvakehi ananulomikena saṃsaggena, yāni vā pana tāni kulāni assaddhāni appasannāni anopānabhūtāni akkosakaparibhāsakāni anatthakāmāni ahitakāmāni aphāsukakāmāni ayogakkhemakāmāni bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ upāsakānaṃ upāsikānaṃ, tathārūpāni kulāni sevati bhajati payirupāsati, ayaṃ vuccati agocaro.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha katamo <span class="bld">gocaro</span>? Idhekacco na vesiyāgocaro vā hoti…pe… na pānāgāragocaro vā hoti, asaṃsaṭṭho viharati rājūhi…pe… titthiyasāvakehi ananulomikena saṃsaggena, yāni vā pana tāni kulāni saddhāni pasannāni opānabhūtāni kāsāvapajjotāni isivātapaṭivātāni atthakāmāni…pe… yogakkhemakāmāni bhikkhūnaṃ…pe… upāsikānaṃ, tathārūpāni kulāni sevati bhajati payirupāsati, ayaṃ vuccati gocaro. Iti iminā ca ācārena iminā ca gocarena upeto <a name="M1.0018"></a> hoti samupeto upagato samupagato upapanno sampanno samannāgato, tena vuccati ‘‘ācāragocarasampanno’’ti (vibha. 511).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Api cettha imināpi nayena ācāragocarā veditabbā. Duvidho hi anācāro kāyiko vācasiko ca. Tattha katamo <span class="bld">kāyiko anācāro</span>? Idhekacco saṅghagatopi acittīkārakato there bhikkhū ghaṭṭayantopi tiṭṭhati, ghaṭṭayantopi nisīdati, puratopi tiṭṭhati, puratopi nisīdati, uccepi āsane nisīdati, sasīsampi pārupitvā nisīdati, ṭhitakopi bhaṇati, bāhāvikkhepakopi bhaṇati, therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anupāhanānaṃ caṅkamantānaṃ saupāhano caṅkamati, nīce caṅkame caṅkamantānaṃ ucce caṅkame caṅkamati, chamāya caṅkamantānaṃ caṅkame caṅkamati, there bhikkhū anupakhajjāpi tiṭṭhati, anupakhajjāpi nisīdati, navepi bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhati, jantāgharepi there bhikkhū anāpucchā kaṭṭhaṃ pakkhipati, dvāraṃ pidahati, udakatitthepi there bhikkhū ghaṭṭayantopi otarati, puratopi otarati, ghaṭṭayantopi nhāyati, puratopi nhāyati, ghaṭṭayantopi uttarati, puratopi uttarati, antaragharaṃ pavisantopi there bhikkhū ghaṭṭayantopi gacchati, puratopi gacchati, vokkamma ca therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ purato purato gacchati, yānipi tāni honti kulānaṃ ovarakāni gūḷhāni ca paṭicchannāni ca yattha kulitthiyo <a name="V1.0019"></a> kulakumāriyo nisīdanti, tatthapi sahasā pavisati, kumārakassapi sīsaṃ parāmasati, ayaṃ vuccati kāyiko anācāro.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha katamo <span class="bld">vācasiko anācāro</span>? Idhekacco saṅghagatopi acittīkārakato there bhikkhū anāpucchā dhammaṃ bhaṇati. Pañhaṃ vissajjeti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisati, ṭhitakopi bhaṇati, bāhāvikkhepakopi bhaṇati, antaragharaṃ paviṭṭhopi itthiṃ vā kumāriṃ vā evamāha – ‘‘itthannāme itthaṃgotte kiṃ atthi, yāgu atthi, bhattaṃ atthi, khādanīyaṃ atthi, kiṃ pivissāma, kiṃ khādissāma, kiṃ bhuñjissāma. Kiṃ vā me dassathā’’ti vippalapati, ayaṃ vuccati vācasiko anācāro (mahāni. 87). Paṭipakkhavasena panassa ācāro veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica <a name="M1.0019"></a> bhikkhu sagāravo sappatisso hirottappasampanno sunivattho supāruto pāsādikena abhikkantena paṭikkantena ālokitena vilokitena samiñjitena pasāritena okkhittacakkhu iriyāpathasampanno indriyesu guttadvāro bhojane mattaññū jāgariyamanuyutto satisampajaññena samannāgato appiccho santuṭṭho āraddhavīriyo ābhisamācārikesu sakkaccakārī garucittīkārabahulo viharati, ayaṃ vuccati ācāro. Evaṃ tāva ācāro veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gocaro pana tividho upanissayagocaro ārakkhagocaro upanibandhagocaroti. Tattha katamo <span class="bld">upanissayagocaro</span>? Dasakathāvatthuguṇasamannāgato kalyāṇamitto, yaṃ nissāya assutaṃ suṇāti, sutaṃ pariyodapeti, kaṅkhaṃ vitarati, diṭṭhiṃ ujuṃ karoti, cittaṃ pasādeti. Yassa vā pana anusikkhamāno saddhāya vaḍḍhati, sīlena, sutena, cāgena, paññāya vaḍḍhati, ayaṃ vuccati upanissayagocaro.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Katamo <span class="bld">ārakkhagocaro</span>? Idha bhikkhu antaragharaṃ paviṭṭho vīthiṃ paṭipanno okkhittacakkhu yugamattadassāvī susaṃvuto gacchati, na hatthiṃ olokento, na assaṃ, na rathaṃ, na pattiṃ, na itthiṃ, na purisaṃ olokento, na uddhaṃ ullokento, na adho olokento, na disāvidisaṃ pekkhamāno gacchati, ayaṃ vuccati ārakkhagocaro.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Katamo <span class="bld">upanibandhagocaro</span>? Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā yattha cittaṃ upanibandhati. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā <a name="V1.0020"></a> – ‘‘ko ca, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno gocaro sako pettiko visayo? Yadidaṃ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.372), ayaṃ vuccati upanibandhagocaro. Iti iminā ca ācārena iminā ca gocarena upeto…pe… samannāgato. Tenapi vuccati ācāragocarasampannoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī</span>ti aṇuppamāṇesu asañcicca āpannasekhiyaakusalacittuppādādibhedesu vajjesu bhayadassanasīlo. <span class="bld">Samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesū</span>ti yaṃkiñci sikkhāpadesu sikkhitabbaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ sammā ādāya sikkhati. Ettha ca ‘‘pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto’’ti ettāvatā <a name="M1.0020"></a> ca puggalādhiṭṭhānāya desanāya pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlaṃ dassitaṃ. ‘‘Ācāragocarasampanno’’tiādi pana sabbaṃ yathāpaṭipannassa taṃ sīlaṃ sampajjati, taṃ paṭipattiṃ dassetuṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Indriyasaṃvarasīlaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para15"></a><span class="paranum">15</span>. Yaṃ panetaṃ tadanantaraṃ ‘‘so cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā’’tiādinā nayena dassitaṃ indriyasaṃvarasīlaṃ, tattha <span class="bld">so</span>ti pātimokkhasaṃvarasīle ṭhito bhikkhu. <span class="bld">Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā</span>ti kāraṇavasena cakkhūti laddhavohārena rūpadassanasamatthena cakkhuviññāṇena rūpaṃ disvā. Porāṇā panāhu ‘‘cakkhu rūpaṃ na passati, acittakattā, cittaṃ na passati, acakkhukattā, dvārārammaṇasaṅghaṭṭe pana cakkhupasādavatthukena cittena passati. Īdisī panesā ‘dhanunā vijjhatī’tiādīsu viya sasambhārakathā nāma hoti, tasmā cakkhuviññāṇena rūpaṃ disvāti ayamevettha attho’’ti. <span class="bld">Na nimittaggāhī</span>ti itthipurisanimittaṃ vā subhanimittādikaṃ vā kilesavatthubhūtaṃ nimittaṃ na gaṇhāti, diṭṭhamatteyeva saṇṭhāti. <span class="bld">Nānubyañjanaggāhī</span>ti kilesānaṃ anuanubyañjanato pākaṭabhāvakaraṇato anubyañjananti laddhavohāraṃ hatthapādasitahasitakathitavilokitādibhedaṃ ākāraṃ na gaṇhāti, yaṃ tattha bhūtaṃ, tadeva gaṇhāti, cetiyapabbatavāsī <span class="bld">mahātissatthero viya</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Theraṃ kira cetiyapabbatā anurādhapuraṃ piṇḍacāratthāya āgacchantaṃ aññatarā kulasuṇhā sāmikena saddhiṃ bhaṇḍitvā sumaṇḍitapasādhitā devakaññā viya kālasseva anurādhapurato nikkhamitvā <a name="V1.0021"></a> ñātigharaṃ gacchantī antarāmagge disvā vipallatthacittā mahāhasitaṃ hasi. Thero kimetanti olokento tassā dantaṭṭhike asubhasaññaṃ paṭilabhitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tassā dantaṭṭhikaṃ disvā, pubbasaññaṃ anussari;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tattheva so ṭhito thero, arahattaṃ apāpuṇī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sāmikopi <a name="M1.0021"></a> kho panassā anumaggaṃ gacchanto theraṃ disvā ‘‘kiñci, bhante, itthiṃ passathā’’ti pucchi. Taṃ thero āha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nābhijānāmi itthī vā, puriso vā ito gato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Apica aṭṭhisaṅghāṭo, gacchatesa mahāpathe’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yatvādhikaraṇamena</span>ntiādimhi yaṃkāraṇā yassa cakkhundriyāsaṃvarassa hetu etaṃ puggalaṃ satikavāṭena cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ apihitacakkhudvāraṃ hutvā viharantaṃ ete abhijjhādayo dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ anubandheyyuṃ. <span class="bld">Tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjatī</span>ti tassa cakkhundriyassa satikavāṭena pidahanatthāya paṭipajjati. Evaṃ paṭipajjantoyeva ca rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjatītipi vuccati. Tattha kiñcāpi cakkhundriye saṃvaro vā asaṃvaro vā natthi. Na hi cakkhupasādaṃ nissāya sati vā muṭṭhasaccaṃ vā uppajjati. Apica yadā rūpārammaṇaṃ cakkhussa āpāthaṃ āgacchati, tadā bhavaṅge dvikkhattuṃ uppajjitvā niruddhe kiriyamanodhātu āvajjanakiccaṃ sādhayamānā uppajjitvā nirujjhati. Tato cakkhuviññāṇaṃ dassanakiccaṃ. Tato vipākamanodhātu sampaṭicchanakiccaṃ. Tato vipākāhetukamanoviññāṇadhātu santīraṇakiccaṃ. Tato kiriyāhetukamanoviññāṇadhātu voṭṭhabbanakiccaṃ sādhayamānā uppajjitvā nirujjhati, tadanantaraṃ javanaṃ javati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāpi neva bhavaṅgasamaye, na āvajjanādīnaṃ aññatarasamaye saṃvaro vā asaṃvaro vā atthi. Javanakkhaṇe pana sace dussīlyaṃ vā muṭṭhasaccaṃ vā aññāṇaṃ vā akkhanti vā kosajjaṃ vā uppajjati, asaṃvaro hoti. Evaṃ honto pana so cakkhundriye asaṃvaroti vuccati. Kasmā? Yasmā tasmiṃ sati dvārampi aguttaṃ hoti, bhavaṅgampi āvajjanādīnipi vīthicittāni<a name="V1.0022"></a>. Yathā kiṃ? Yathā nagare catūsu dvāresu asaṃvutesu kiñcāpi antogharadvārakoṭṭhakagabbhādayo susaṃvutā honti, tathāpi antonagare sabbaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ arakkhitaṃ agopitameva hoti. Nagaradvārena hi pavisitvā corā yadicchanti, taṃ kareyyuṃ, evameva javane dussīlyādīsu uppannesu tasmiṃ asaṃvare sati dvārampi aguttaṃ hoti, bhavaṅgampi āvajjanādīnipi vīthicittāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmiṃ <a name="M1.0022"></a> pana sīlādīsu uppannesu dvārampi guttaṃ hoti, bhavaṅgampi āvajjanādīnipi vīthicittāni. Yathā kiṃ? Yathā nagaradvāresu saṃvutesu kiñcāpi antogharādayo asaṃvutā honti, tathāpi antonagare sabbaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ surakkhitaṃ sugopitameva hoti. Nagaradvāresu hi pihitesu corānaṃ paveso natthi, evameva javane sīlādīsu uppannesu dvārampi guttaṃ hoti, bhavaṅgampi āvajjanādīnipi vīthicittāni. Tasmā javanakkhaṇe uppajjamānopi cakkhundriye saṃvaroti vutto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sotena saddaṃ sutvātiādīsupi eseva nayo. Evamidaṃ saṅkhepato rūpādīsu kilesānubandhanimittādiggāhaparivajjanalakkhaṇaṃ indriyasaṃvarasīlanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Ājīvapārisuddhisīlaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para16"></a><span class="paranum">16</span>. Idāni indriyasaṃvarasīlānantaraṃ vutte ājīvapārisuddhisīle ājīvahetu paññattānaṃ channaṃ sikkhāpadānanti yāni tāni ‘‘ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā pāpiccho icchāpakato asantaṃ abhūtaṃ uttarimanussadhammaṃ ullapati, āpatti pārājikassa. Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā sañcarittaṃ samāpajjati, āpatti saṅghādisesassa. Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā ‘yo te vihāre vasati so bhikkhu arahā’ti bhaṇati, paṭivijānantassa āpatti thullaccayassa. Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā bhikkhu paṇītabhojanāni agilāno attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā bhikkhunī paṇītabhojanāni agilānā attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjati, āpatti pāṭidesanīyassa. Ājīvahetu ājīvakāraṇā sūpaṃ vā odanaṃ vā agilāno attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjati<a name="V1.0023"></a>, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti (pari. 287) evaṃ paññattāni cha sikkhāpadāni, imesaṃ channaṃ sikkhāpadānaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kuhanātiādīsu ayaṃ pāḷi, ‘‘tattha katamā <span class="bld">kuhanā</span>? Lābhasakkārasilokasannissitassa pāpicchassa icchāpakatassa yā paccayapaṭisevanasaṅkhātena vā sāmantajappitena vā iriyāpathassa vā aṭṭhapanā ṭhapanā saṇṭhapanā bhākuṭikā bhākuṭiyaṃ kuhanā kuhāyanā kuhitattaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati kuhanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Tattha <a name="M1.0023"></a> katamā <span class="bld">lapanā</span>? Lābhasakkārasilokasannissitassa pāpicchassa icchāpakatassa yā paresaṃ ālapanā lapanā sallapanā ullapanā samullapanā unnahanā samunnahanā ukkācanā samukkācanā anuppiyabhāṇitā cāṭukamyatā muggasūpyatā pāribhaṭyatā, ayaṃ vuccati lapanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Tattha katamā <span class="bld">nemittikatā</span>? Lābhasakkārasilokasannissitassa pāpicchassa icchāpakatassa yaṃ paresaṃ nimittaṃ nimittakammaṃ obhāso obhāsakammaṃ sāmantajappā parikathā, ayaṃ vuccati nemittikatā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Tattha katamā <span class="bld">nippesikatā</span>? Lābhasakkārasilokasannissitassa pāpicchassa icchāpakatassa yā paresaṃ akkosanā vambhanā garahanā ukkhepanā samukkhepanā khipanā saṃkhipanā pāpanā sampāpanā avaṇṇahārikā parapiṭṭhimaṃsikatā, ayaṃ vuccati nippesikatā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Tattha katamā <span class="bld">lābhena lābhaṃ nijigīsanatā</span>? Lābhasakkārasilokasannissito pāpiccho icchāpakato ito laddhaṃ āmisaṃ amutra harati, amutra vā laddhaṃ āmisaṃ idha āharati. Yā evarūpā āmisena āmisassa eṭṭhi gaveṭṭhi pariyeṭṭhi esanā gavesanā pariyesanā, ayaṃ vuccati lābhena lābhaṃ nijigīsanatā’’ti (vibha. 862-865).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para17"></a><span class="paranum">17</span>. Imissā pana pāḷiyā evamattho veditabbo. Kuhananiddese tāva <span class="bld">lābhasakkārasilokasannissitassā</span>ti lābhañca sakkārañca kittisaddañca sannissitassa, patthayantassāti <a name="V1.0024"></a> attho. <span class="bld">Pāpicchassā</span>ti asantaguṇadīpanakāmassa. <span class="bld">Icchāpakatassā</span>ti icchāya apakatassa, upaddutassāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ito paraṃ yasmā paccayapaṭisevanasāmantajappanairiyāpathasannissitavasena mahāniddese tividhaṃ kuhanavatthu āgataṃ. Tasmā tividhampetaṃ dassetuṃ paccayapaṭisevanasaṅkhātena vāti evamādi āraddhaṃ. Tattha cīvarādīhi nimantitassa tadatthikasseva sato pāpicchataṃ nissāya paṭikkhipanena, te ca gahapatike attani suppatiṭṭhitasaddhe ñatvā puna tesaṃ ‘‘aho ayyo appiccho na kiñci paṭiggaṇhituṃ icchati, suladdhaṃ vata no assa sace appamattakampi kiñci paṭiggaṇheyyā’’ti nānāvidhehi upāyehi paṇītāni cīvarādīni <a name="M1.0024"></a> upanentānaṃ tadanuggahakāmataṃyeva āvikatvā paṭiggahaṇena ca tato pabhuti api sakaṭabhārehi upanāmanahetubhūtaṃ vimhāpanaṃ paccayapaṭisevanasaṅkhātaṃ kuhanavatthūti veditabbaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ mahāniddese –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Katamaṃ paccayapaṭisevanasaṅkhātaṃ kuhanavatthu? Idha gahapatikā bhikkhuṃ nimantenti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi. So pāpiccho icchāpakato atthiko cīvara…pe… parikkhārānaṃ bhiyyokamyataṃ upādāya cīvaraṃ paccakkhāti. Piṇḍapātaṃ…pe… senāsanaṃ. Gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ paccakkhāti. So evamāha – ‘kiṃ samaṇassa mahagghena cīvarena, etaṃ sāruppaṃ yaṃ samaṇo susānā vā saṅkārakūṭā vā pāpaṇikā vā nantakāni uccinitvā saṅghāṭiṃ katvā dhāreyya. Kiṃ samaṇassa mahagghena piṇḍapātena etaṃ sāruppaṃ yaṃ samaṇo uñchācariyāya piṇḍiyālopena jīvikaṃ kappeyya. Kiṃ samaṇassa mahagghena senāsanena, etaṃ sāruppaṃ yaṃ samaṇo rukkhamūliko vā assa abbhokāsiko vā. Kiṃ samaṇassa mahagghena gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena, etaṃ sāruppaṃ yaṃ samaṇo pūtimuttena vā hariṭakīkhaṇḍena vā osadhaṃ kareyyā’ti. Tadupādāya lūkhaṃ cīvaraṃ dhāreti, lūkhaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjati, lūkhaṃ senāsanaṃ paṭisevati, lūkhaṃ gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ paṭisevati, tamenaṃ gahapatikā evaṃ jānanti ‘ayaṃ samaṇo appiccho santuṭṭho pavivitto asaṃsaṭṭho āraddhavīriyo dhutavādo’ti. Bhiyyo bhiyyo nimantenti cīvara…pe… parikkhārehi. So evamāha – ‘tiṇṇaṃ sammukhībhāvā saddho kulaputto bahuṃ puññaṃ pasavati. Saddhāya sammukhībhāvā saddho kulaputto bahuṃ puññaṃ <a name="V1.0025"></a> pasavati. Deyyadhammassa…pe… dakkhiṇeyyānaṃ sammukhībhāvāsaddhokulaputto bahuṃ puññaṃ pasavati. Tumhākañcevāyaṃ saddhā atthi, deyyadhammo ca saṃvijjati, ahañca paṭiggāhako, sacehaṃ na paṭiggahessāmi, evaṃ tumhe puññena paribāhirā bhavissanti, na mayhaṃ iminā attho. Apica tumhākaṃyeva anukampāya paṭiggaṇhāmī’ti. Tadupādāya bahumpi cīvaraṃ paṭiggaṇhāti. Bahumpi piṇḍapātaṃ…pe… bhesajjaparikkhāraṃ paṭiggaṇhāti<a name="M1.0025"></a>. Yā evarūpā bhākuṭikā bhākuṭiyaṃ kuhanā kuhāyanā kuhitattaṃ, idaṃ paccayapaṭisevanasaṅkhātaṃ kuhanavatthū’’ti (mahāni. 87).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pāpicchasseva pana sato uttarimanussadhammādhigamaparidīpanavācāya tathā tathā vimhāpanaṃ sāmantajappanasaṅkhātaṃ kuhanavatthūti veditabbaṃ. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Katamaṃ sāmantajappanasaṅkhātaṃ kuhanavatthu? Idhekacco pāpiccho icchāpakato sambhāvanādhippāyo ‘evaṃ maṃ jano sambhāvessatī’ti ariyadhammasannissitaṃ vācaṃ bhāsati ‘yo evarūpaṃ cīvaraṃ dhāreti, so samaṇo mahesakkho’ti bhaṇati. ‘Yo evarūpaṃ pattaṃ lohathālakaṃ. Dhammakaraṇaṃ parissāvanaṃ kuñcikaṃ, kāyabandhanaṃ upāhanaṃ dhāreti, so samaṇo mahesakkho’ti bhaṇati. Yassa evarūpo upajjhāyo ācariyo samānupajjhāyako, samānācariyako mitto sandiṭṭho sambhatto sahāyo. Yo evarūpe vihāre vasati aḍḍhayoge pāsāde hammiye guhāyaṃ leṇe kuṭiyā kūṭāgāre aṭṭe māḷe uddaṇḍe upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ maṇḍape rukkhamūle vasati, so samaṇo mahesakkho’ti bhaṇati. Atha vā ‘korajikakorajiko bhākuṭikabhākuṭiko kuhakakuhako lapakalapako mukhasambhāviko, ayaṃ samaṇo imāsaṃ evarūpānaṃ santānaṃ vihārasamāpattīnaṃ lābhī’ti tādisaṃ gambhīraṃ gūḷhaṃ nipuṇaṃ paṭicchannaṃ lokuttaraṃ suññatāpaṭisaṃyuttaṃ kathaṃ kathesi. Yā evarūpā bhākuṭikā bhākuṭiyaṃ kuhanā kuhāyanā kuhitattaṃ, idaṃ sāmantajappanasaṅkhātaṃ kuhanavatthū’’ti (mahāni. 87).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pāpicchasseva pana sato sambhāvanādhippāyakatena iriyāpathena vimhāpanaṃ iriyāpathasannissitaṃ kuhanavatthūti veditabbaṃ. Yathāha – ‘‘katamaṃ iriyāpathasaṅkhātaṃ kuhanavatthu. Idhekacco pāpiccho icchāpakato sambhāvanādhippāyo ‘evaṃ maṃ jano sambhāvessatī’ti gamanaṃ saṇṭhapeti<a name="V1.0026"></a>, ṭhānaṃ <a name="M1.0026"></a> saṇṭhapeti, nisajjaṃ saṇṭhapeti, sayanaṃ saṇṭhapeti, paṇidhāya gacchati, paṇidhāya tiṭṭhati, paṇidhāya nisīdati, paṇidhāya seyyaṃ kappeti, samāhito viya gacchati, samāhito viya tiṭṭhati, nisīdati, seyyaṃ kappeti, āpāthakajjhāyī ca hoti, yā evarūpā iriyāpathassa aṭṭhapanā ṭhapanā saṇṭhapanā bhākuṭikā bhākuṭiyaṃ kuhanā kuhāyanā kuhitattaṃ, idaṃ vuccati iriyāpathasaṅkhātaṃ kuhanavatthū’’ti (mahāni. 87).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">paccayapaṭisevanasaṅkhātenā</span>ti paccayapaṭisevananti evaṃ saṅkhātena paccayapaṭisevanena vā saṅkhātena. <span class="bld">Sāmantajappitenā</span>ti samīpabhaṇitena. <span class="bld">Iriyāpathassa vā</span>ti catuiriyāpathassa. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhapanā</span>tiādi ṭhapanā, ādarena vā ṭhapanā. <span class="bld">Ṭhapanā</span>ti ṭhapanākāro. <span class="bld">Saṇṭhapanā</span>ti abhisaṅkharaṇā, pāsādikabhāvakaraṇanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Bhākuṭikā</span>ti padhānapurimaṭṭhitabhāvadassanena bhākuṭikaraṇaṃ, mukhasaṅkocoti vuttaṃ hoti. Bhākuṭikaraṇaṃ sīlamassāti bhākuṭiko. Bhākuṭikassa bhāvo bhākuṭiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Kuhanā</span>ti vimhāpanā. Kuhassa āyanā kuhāyanā. Kuhitassa bhāvo kuhitattanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Lapanāniddese <span class="bld">ālapanā</span>ti vihāraṃ āgate manusse disvā ‘‘kimatthāya bhonto āgatā, kiṃ bhikkhū nimantituṃ, yadi evaṃ gacchatha re, ahaṃ pacchato pattaṃ gahetvā āgacchāmī’’ti evaṃ āditova lapanā. Atha vā attānaṃ upanetvā ‘‘ahaṃ tisso, mayi rājā pasanno, mayi asuko ca asuko ca rājamahāmatto pasanno’’ti evaṃ attupanāyikā lapanā ālapanā. <span class="bld">Lapanā</span>ti puṭṭhassa sato vuttappakārameva lapanaṃ. <span class="bld">Sallapanā</span>ti gahapatikānaṃ ukkaṇṭhane bhītassa okāsaṃ datvā datvā suṭṭhu lapanā. <span class="bld">Ullapanā</span>ti mahākuṭumbiko mahānāviko mahādānapatīti evaṃ uddhaṃ katvā lapanā. <span class="bld">Samullapanā</span>ti sabbatobhāgena uddhaṃ katvā lapanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Unnahanā</span>ti ‘‘upāsakā pubbe īdise kāle navadānaṃ detha, idāni kiṃ na dethā’’ti evaṃ yāva ‘‘dassāma, bhante, okāsaṃ na labhāmā’’tiādīni vadanti, tāva uddhaṃ uddhaṃ nahanā, veṭhanāti vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā ucchuhatthaṃ <a name="M1.0027"></a> disvā ‘‘kuto ābhataṃ upāsakā’’ti pucchati. Ucchukhettato, bhanteti. Kiṃ tattha ucchu madhuranti. Khāditvā, bhante, jānitabbanti. ‘‘Na, upāsaka, bhikkhussa ucchuṃ dethā’’ti vattuṃ vaṭṭatīti. Yā evarūpā nibbeṭhentassāpi veṭhanakathā, sā unnahanā. Sabbatobhāgena punappunaṃ unnahanā <span class="bld">samunnahanā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ukkācanā</span>ti <a name="V1.0027"></a> ‘‘etaṃ kulaṃ maṃyeva jānāti. Sace ettha deyyadhammo uppajjati, mayhameva detī’’ti evaṃ ukkhipitvā kācanā ukkācanā, uddīpanāti vuttaṃ hoti. Telakandarikavatthu cettha vattabbaṃ. Sabbatobhāgena pana punappunaṃ ukkācanā <span class="bld">samukkācanā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anuppiyabhāṇitā</span>ti saccānurūpaṃ dhammānurūpaṃ vā anapaloketvā punappunaṃ piyabhaṇanameva. <span class="bld">Cāṭukamyatā</span>ti nīcavuttitā attānaṃ heṭṭhato heṭṭhato ṭhapetvā vattanaṃ. <span class="bld">Muggasūpyatā</span>ti muggasūpasadisatā. Yathā hi muggesu paccamānesu kocideva na paccati, avasesā paccanti, evaṃ yassa puggalassa vacane kiñcideva saccaṃ hoti, sesaṃ alīkaṃ, ayaṃ puggalo muggasūpyoti vuccati. Tassa bhāvo muggasūpyatā. <span class="bld">Pāribhaṭyatā</span>ti pāribhaṭyabhāvo. Yo hi kuladārake dhāti viya aṅkena vā khandhena vā paribhaṭati, dhāretīti attho. Tassa paribhaṭassa kammaṃ pāribhaṭyuṃ. Pāribhaṭyassa bhāvo pāribhaṭyatāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nemittikatāniddese <span class="bld">nimitta</span>nti yaṃkiñci paresaṃ paccayadānasaññājanakaṃ kāyavacīkammaṃ. <span class="bld">Nimittakamma</span>nti khādanīyaṃ gahetvā gacchante disvā ‘‘kiṃ khādanīyaṃ labhitthā’’tiādinā nayena nimittakaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Obhāso</span>ti paccayapaṭisaṃyuttakathā. <span class="bld">Obhāsakamma</span>nti vacchapālake disvā ‘‘kiṃ ime vacchā khīragovacchā udāhu takkagovacchā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘khīragovacchā, bhante’’ti vutte ‘‘na khīragovacchā, yadi khīragovacchā siyuṃ, bhikkhūpi khīraṃ labheyyu’’nti evamādinā nayena tesaṃ dārakānaṃ mātāpitūnaṃ nivedetvā khīradāpanādikaṃ obhāsakaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Sāmantajappā</span>ti samīpaṃ katvā jappanaṃ. Kulūpakabhikkhu vatthu cettha vattabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kulūpako <a name="M1.0028"></a> kira bhikkhu bhuñjitukāmo gehaṃ pavisitvā nisīdi. Taṃ disvā adātukāmā gharaṇī ‘‘taṇḍulā natthī’’ti bhaṇantī taṇḍule āharitukāmā viya paṭivissakagharaṃ gatā. Bhikkhupi antogabbhaṃ pavisitvā olokento kavāṭakoṇe ucchuṃ, bhājane guḷaṃ, piṭake loṇamacchaphāle, kumbhiyaṃ taṇḍule, ghaṭe ghataṃ disvā nikkhamitvā nisīdi. Gharaṇī ‘‘taṇḍule nālattha’’nti āgatā. Bhikkhu ‘‘upāsike ‘ajja bhikkhā na sampajjissatī’ti paṭikacceva nimittaṃ addasa’’nti āha. Kiṃ, bhanteti. Kavāṭakoṇe nikkhittaṃ ucchuṃ viya sappaṃ addasaṃ, ‘taṃ paharissāmī’ti olokento bhājane ṭhapitaṃ guḷapiṇḍaṃ viya pāsāṇaṃ, leḍḍukena pahaṭena sappena kataṃ piṭake nikkhittaloṇamacchaphālasadisaṃ phaṇaṃ, tassa taṃ leḍḍuṃ ḍaṃsitukāmassa <a name="V1.0028"></a> kumbhiyā taṇḍulasadise dante, athassa kupitassa ghaṭe pakkhittaghatasadisaṃ mukhato nikkhamantaṃ visamissakaṃ kheḷanti. Sā ‘‘na sakkā muṇḍakaṃ vañcetu’’nti ucchuṃ datvā odanaṃ pacitvā ghataguḷamacchehi saddhiṃ sabbaṃ adāsīti. Evaṃ samīpaṃ katvā jappanaṃ sāmantajappāti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Parikathā</span>ti yathā taṃ labhati tassa parivattetvā kathananti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nippesikatāniddese <span class="bld">akkosanā</span>ti dasahi akkosavatthūhi akkosanaṃ. <span class="bld">Vambhanā</span>ti paribhavitvā kathanaṃ. <span class="bld">Garahaṇā</span>ti assaddho appasannotiādinā nayena dosāropanā. <span class="bld">Ukkhepanā</span>ti mā etaṃ ettha kathethāti vācāya ukkhipanaṃ. Sabbatobhāgena savatthukaṃ sahetukaṃ katvā ukkhepanā <span class="bld">samukkhepanā</span>. Atha vā adentaṃ disvā ‘‘aho dānapatī’’ti evaṃ ukkhipanaṃ <span class="bld">ukkhepanā</span>. Mahādānapatīti evaṃ suṭṭhu ukkhepanā <span class="bld">samukkhepanā. Khipanā</span>ti kiṃ imassa jīvitaṃ bījabhojinoti evaṃ uppaṇḍanā. <span class="bld">Saṃkhipanā</span>ti kiṃ imaṃ adāyakoti bhaṇatha, yo niccakālaṃ sabbesampi natthīti vacanaṃ detīti suṭṭhutaraṃ uppaṇḍanā. <span class="bld">Pāpanā</span>ti adāyakattassa avaṇṇassa vā pāpanaṃ. Sabbatobhāgena pāpanā <span class="bld">sampāpanā. Avaṇṇahārikā</span>ti evaṃ me avaṇṇabhayāpi dassatīti gehato gehaṃ gāmato gāmaṃ janapadato janapadaṃ avaṇṇaharaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Parapiṭṭhimaṃsikatā</span>ti purato madhuraṃ bhaṇitvā parammukhe avaṇṇabhāsitā. Esā hi abhimukhaṃ oloketuṃ <a name="M1.0029"></a> asakkontassa parammukhānaṃ piṭṭhimaṃsaṃ khādanamiva hoti, tasmā parapiṭṭhimaṃsikatāti vuttā. <span class="bld">Ayaṃ vuccati nippesikatā</span>ti ayaṃ yasmā veḷupesikāya viya abbhaṅgaṃ parassa guṇaṃ nippeseti nipuñchati, yasmā vā gandhajātaṃ nipisitvā gandhamagganā viya paraguṇe nipisitvā vicuṇṇetvā esā lābhamagganā hoti, tasmā nippesikatāti vuccatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Lābhena lābhaṃ nijigīsanatāniddese <span class="bld">nijigīsanatā</span>ti magganā. <span class="bld">Ito laddha</span>nti imamhā gehā laddhaṃ. <span class="bld">Amutrā</span>ti amukamhi gehe. <span class="bld">Eṭṭhī</span>ti icchanā. <span class="bld">Gaveṭṭhī</span>ti magganā. <span class="bld">Pariyeṭṭhī</span>ti punappunaṃ magganā. Ādito paṭṭhāya laddhaṃ laddhaṃ bhikkhaṃ tatra tatra kuladārakānaṃ datvā ante khīrayāguṃ labhitvā gatabhikkhuvatthu cettha kathetabbaṃ. Esanātiādīni eṭṭhiādīnameva vevacanāni, tasmā eṭṭhīti esanā. Gaveṭṭhīti gavesanā, pariyeṭṭhīti pariyesanā. Iccevamettha yojanā veditabbā. Ayaṃ kuhanādīnaṃ attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">evamādīnañca pāpadhammāna</span>nti ettha ādisaddena ‘‘yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā <a name="V1.0029"></a> saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvikaṃ kappenti. Seyyathidaṃ, aṅgaṃ, nimittaṃ, uppātaṃ, supinaṃ, lakkhaṇaṃ, mūsikacchinnaṃ, aggihomaṃ, dabbihoma’’nti (dī. ni. 1.21) ādinā nayena brahmajāle vuttānaṃ anekesaṃ pāpadhammānaṃ gahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ. Iti yvāyaṃ imesaṃ ājīvahetu paññattānaṃ channaṃ sikkhāpadānaṃ vītikkamavasena, imesañca ‘‘kuhanā lapanā nemittikatā nippesikatā lābhena lābhaṃ nijigīsanatā’’ti evamādīnaṃ pāpadhammānaṃ vasena pavatto micchājīvo, yā tasmā sabbappakārāpi micchājīvā virati, idaṃ ājīvapārisuddhisīlaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ vacanattho. Etaṃ āgamma jīvantīti ājīvo. Ko so, paccayapariyesanavāyāmo. Pārisuddhīti parisuddhatā. Ājīvassa pārisuddhi ājīvapārisuddhi.</p>
<p class="subhead">Paccayasannissitasīlaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para18"></a><span class="paranum">18</span>. Yaṃ panetaṃ tadanantaraṃ paccayasannissitasīlaṃ vuttaṃ, tattha <span class="bld">paṭisaṅkhā yoniso</span>ti upāyena pathena paṭisaṅkhāya ñatvā, paccavekkhitvāti attho<a name="M1.0030"></a>. Ettha ca sītassa paṭighātāyātiādinā nayena vuttapaccavekkhaṇameva ‘‘yoniso paṭisaṅkhā’’ti veditabbaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">cīvara</span>nti antaravāsakādīsu yaṃkiñci. <span class="bld">Paṭisevatī</span>ti paribhuñjati, nivāseti vā pārupati vā. <span class="bld">Yāvadevā</span>ti payojanāvadhiparicchedaniyamavacanaṃ, ettakameva hi yogino cīvarapaṭisevane payojanaṃ yadidaṃ sītassa paṭighātāyātiādi, na ito bhiyyo. <span class="bld">Sītassā</span>ti ajjhattadhātukkhobhavasena vā bahiddhāutupariṇāmanavasena vā uppannassa yassa kassaci sītassa. <span class="bld">Paṭighātāyā</span>ti paṭihananatthaṃ. Yathā sarīre ābādhaṃ na uppādeti, evaṃ tassa vinodanatthaṃ. Sītabbhāhate hi sarīre vikkhittacitto yoniso padahituṃ na sakkoti, tasmā sītassa paṭighātāya cīvaraṃ paṭisevitabbanti bhagavā anuññāsi. Esa nayo sabbattha. Kevalañhettha <span class="bld">uṇhassā</span>ti aggisantāpassa. Tassa vanadāhādīsu sambhavo veditabbo. Ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassānanti ettha pana <span class="bld">ḍaṃsā</span>ti ḍaṃsanamakkhikā, andhamakkhikātipi vuccanti. <span class="bld">Makasā</span> makasā eva. <span class="bld">Vātā</span>ti sarajaarajādibhedā. <span class="bld">Ātapo</span>ti sūriyātapo. <span class="bld">Sarīsapā</span>ti ye keci sarantā gacchanti dīghajātikā sappādayo, tesaṃ daṭṭhasamphasso ca phuṭṭhasamphasso cāti duvidho samphasso, sopi cīvaraṃ pārupitvā nisinnaṃ na bādhati, tasmā tādisesu ṭhānesu tesaṃ paṭighātatthāya paṭisevati. <span class="bld">Yāvadevā</span>ti puna etassa vacanaṃ niyatapayojanāvadhiparicchedadassanatthaṃ<a name="V1.0030"></a>, hirikopīnapaṭicchādanañhi niyatapayojanaṃ, itarāni kadāci kadāci honti. Tattha <span class="bld">hirikopīna</span>nti taṃ taṃ sambādhaṭṭhānaṃ. Yasmiṃ yasmiñhi aṅge vivariyamāne hirī kuppati vinassati, taṃ taṃ hiriṃ kopanato hirikopīnanti vuccati. Tassa ca hirikopīnassa paṭicchādanatthanti hirikopīnapaṭicchādanatthaṃ. Hirikopīnaṃ paṭicchādanatthantipi pāṭho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Piṇḍapāta</span>nti yaṃkiñci āhāraṃ. Yo hi koci āhāro bhikkhuno piṇḍolyena patte patitattā piṇḍapātoti vuccati. Piṇḍānaṃ vā pāto piṇḍapāto, tattha tattha laddhānaṃ bhikkhānaṃ sannipāto samūhoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Neva davāyā</span>ti na gāmadārakādayo viya davatthaṃ, kīḷānimittanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Na madāyā</span>ti na muṭṭhikamallādayo viya madatthaṃ, balamadanimittaṃ porisamadanimittañcāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Na maṇḍanāyā</span>ti na antepurikavesiyādayo <a name="M1.0031"></a> viya maṇḍanatthaṃ, aṅgapaccaṅgānaṃ pīṇabhāvanimittanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Na vibhūsanāyā</span>ti na naṭanaccakādayo viya vibhūsanatthaṃ, pasannacchavivaṇṇatānimittanti vuttaṃ hoti. Ettha ca neva davāyāti etaṃ mohūpanissayappahānatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Na madāyāti etaṃ dosūpanissayappahānatthaṃ. Na maṇḍanāya na vibhūsanāyāti etaṃ rāgūpanissayappahānatthaṃ. Neva davāya na madāyāti cetaṃ attano saṃyojanuppattipaṭisedhanatthaṃ. Na maṇḍanāya na vibhūsanāyāti etaṃ parassapi saṃyojanuppattipaṭisedhanatthaṃ. Catūhipi cetehi ayoniso paṭipattiyā kāmasukhallikānuyogassa ca pahānaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yāvadevā</span>ti vuttatthameva. <span class="bld">Imassa kāyassā</span>ti etassa catumahābhūtikassa rūpakāyassa. <span class="bld">Ṭhitiyā</span>ti pabandhaṭṭhitatthaṃ. <span class="bld">Yāpanāyā</span>ti pavattiyā avicchedatthaṃ, cirakālaṭṭhitatthaṃ vā. Gharūpatthambhamiva hi jiṇṇagharasāmiko, akkhabbhañjanamiva ca sākaṭiko kāyassa ṭhitatthaṃ yāpanatthañcesa piṇḍapātaṃ paṭisevati, na davamadamaṇḍanavibhūsanatthaṃ. Apica ṭhitīti jīvitindriyassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ, tasmā imassa kāyassa ṭhitiyā yāpanāyāti ettāvatā etassa kāyassa jīvitindriyapavattāpanatthantipi vuttaṃ hotīti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Vihiṃsūparatiyā</span>ti vihiṃsā nāma jighacchā ābādhaṭṭhena. Tassā uparamatthampesa piṇḍapātaṃ paṭisevati, vaṇālepanamiva uṇhasītādīsu tappaṭikāraṃ viya ca. <span class="bld">Brahmacariyānuggahāyā</span>ti sakalasāsanabrahmacariyassa ca maggabrahmacariyassa ca anuggahatthaṃ. Ayañhi piṇḍapātapaṭisevanapaccayā kāyabalaṃ nissāya sikkhattayānuyogavasena <a name="V1.0031"></a> bhavakantāranittharaṇatthaṃ paṭipajjanto brahmacariyānuggahāya paṭisevati, kantāranittharaṇatthikā puttamaṃsaṃ (saṃ. ni. 2.63) viya, nadīnittharaṇatthikā kullaṃ (ma. ni. 1.240) viya, samuddanittharaṇatthikā nāvamiva ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Itipurāṇañca vedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi navañca vedanaṃ na uppādessāmī</span>ti etaṃ iminā piṇḍapātapaṭisevanena purāṇañca jighacchāvedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi, navañca vedanaṃ aparimitabhojanapaccayaṃ āharahatthakaalaṃsāṭakatatravaṭṭakakākamāsakabhuttavamitakabrāhmaṇānaṃ aññataro viya na uppādessāmītipi paṭisevati, bhesajjamiva gilāno. Atha vā yā adhunā asappāyāparimitabhojanaṃ nissāya purāṇakammapaccayavasena uppajjanato purāṇavedanāti <a name="M1.0032"></a> vuccati. Sappāyaparimitabhojanena tassā paccayaṃ vināsento taṃ purāṇañca vedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi. Yā cāyaṃ adhunā kataṃ ayuttaparibhogakammūpacayaṃ nissāya āyatiṃ uppajjanato navavedanāti vuccati. Yuttaparibhogavasena tassā mūlaṃ anibbattento taṃ navañca vedanaṃ na uppādessāmīti evampettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Ettāvatā yuttaparibhogasaṅgaho attakilamathānuyogappahānaṃ dhammikasukhāpariccāgo ca dīpito hotīti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yātrā ca me bhavissatī</span>ti parimitaparibhogena jīvitindriyupacchedakassa iriyāpathabhañjakassa vā parissayassa abhāvato cirakālagamanasaṅkhātā yātrā ca me bhavissati imassa paccayāyattavuttino kāyassātipi paṭisevati, yāpyarogī viya tappaccayaṃ. <span class="bld">Anavajjatā ca phāsuvihāro cā</span>ti ayuttapariyesanapaṭiggahaṇaparibhogaparivajjanena anavajjatā, parimitaparibhogena phāsuvihāro. Asappāyāparimitaparibhogapaccayā aratitandīvijambhitā. Viññūgarahādidosābhāvena vā anavajjatā, sappāyaparimitabhojanapaccayā kāyabalasambhavena phāsuvihāro. Yāvadatthaudarāvadehakabhojanaparivajjanena vā seyyasukhapassasukhamiddhasukhānaṃ pahānato anavajjatā, catupañcālopamattaūnabhojanena catuiriyāpathayogyabhāvapaṭipādanato phāsuvihāro ca me bhavissatītipi paṭisevati. Vuttampi hetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Cattāro pañca ālope, abhutvā udakaṃ pive;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Alaṃ phāsuvihārāya, pahitattassa bhikkhuno’’ti. (theragā. 983);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā <a name="V1.0032"></a> ca payojanapariggaho majjhimā ca paṭipadā dīpitā hotīti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Senāsana</span>nti senañca āsanañca. Yattha yattha hi seti vihāre vā aḍḍhayogādimhi vā, taṃ senaṃ. Yattha yattha āsati nisīdati, taṃ āsanaṃ. Taṃ ekato katvā senāsananti vuccati. <span class="bld">Utuparissayavinodanapaṭisallānārāmattha</span>nti parisahanaṭṭhena utuyeva utuparissayo. Utuparissayassa <a name="M1.0033"></a> vinodanatthañca paṭisallānārāmatthañca. Yo sarīrābādhacittavikkhepakaro asappāyo utu senāsanapaṭisevanena vinodetabbo hoti, tassa vinodanatthaṃ ekībhāvasukhatthañcāti vuttaṃ hoti. Kāmañca sītapaṭighātādināva utuparissayavinodanaṃ vuttameva. Yathā pana cīvarapaṭisevane hirikopīnapaṭicchādanaṃ niyatapayojanaṃ, itarāni kadāci kadāci bhavantīti vuttaṃ, evamidhāpi niyataṃ utuparissayavinodanaṃ sandhāya idaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Atha vā ayaṃ vuttappakāro utu utuyeva. Parissayo pana duvidho pākaṭaparissayo ca, paṭicchannaparissayo ca (mahāni. 5). Tattha pākaṭaparissayo sīhabyagghādayo. Paṭicchannaparissayo rāgadosādayo. Ye yattha apariguttiyā ca asappāyarūpadassanādinā ca ābādhaṃ na karonti, taṃ senāsanaṃ evaṃ jānitvā paccavekkhitvā paṭisevanto bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso senāsanaṃ utuparissayavinodanatthaṃ paṭisevatīti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāra</span>nti ettha rogassa paṭiayanaṭṭhena paccayo, paccanīkagamanaṭṭhenāti attho. Yassa kassaci sappāyassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Bhisakkassa kammaṃ tena anuññātattāti bhesajjaṃ. Gilānapaccayova bhesajjaṃ gilānapaccayabhesajjaṃ, yaṃkiñci gilānassa sappāyaṃ bhisakkakammaṃ telamadhuphāṇitādīti vuttaṃ hoti. Parikkhāroti pana ‘‘sattahi nagaraparikkhārehi suparikkhataṃ hotī’’ti (a. ni. 7.67) ādīsu parivāro vuccati. ‘‘Ratho sīlaparikkhāro, jhānakkho cakkavīriyo’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.4) ādīsu alaṅkāro. ‘‘Ye ca kho ime pabbajitena jīvitaparikkhārā samudānetabbā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.191-192) ādīsu sambhāro. Idha pana sambhāropi parivāropi vaṭṭati. Tañhi gilānapaccayabhesajjaṃ jīvitassa parivāropi hoti, jīvitanāsakābādhuppattiyā antaraṃ adatvā rakkhaṇato sambhāropi. Yathā ciraṃ pavattati, evamassa kāraṇabhāvato, tasmā parikkhāroti vuccati. Evaṃ gilānapaccayabhesajjañca taṃ parikkhāro cāti gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāro. Taṃ gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ. Gilānassa yaṃkiñci sappāyaṃ bhisakkānuññātaṃ telamadhuphāṇitādi <a name="V1.0033"></a> jīvitaparikkhāranti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Uppannāna</span>nti <a name="M1.0034"></a> jātānaṃ bhūtānaṃ nibbattānaṃ. <span class="bld">Veyyābādhikāna</span>nti ettha byābādhoti dhātukkhobho, taṃsamuṭṭhānā ca kuṭṭhagaṇḍapīḷakādayo. Byābādhato uppannattā veyyābādhikā. <span class="bld">Vedanāna</span>nti dukkhavedanā akusalavipākavedanā. Tāsaṃ veyyābādhikānaṃ vedanānaṃ. <span class="bld">Abyābajjhaparamatāyā</span>ti niddukkhaparamatāya. Yāva taṃ dukkhaṃ sabbaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti tāvāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamidaṃ saṅkhepato paṭisaṅkhā yoniso paccayaparibhogalakkhaṇaṃ paccayasannissitasīlaṃ veditabbaṃ. Vacanattho panettha – cīvarādayo hi yasmā te paṭicca nissāya paribhuñjamānā pāṇino ayanti pavattanti, tasmā paccayāti vuccanti. Te paccaye sannissitanti paccayasannissitaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Catupārisuddhisampādanavidhi</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para19"></a><span class="paranum">19</span>. Evametasmiṃ catubbidhe sīle saddhāya <span class="bld">pātimokkhasaṃvaro</span> sampādetabbo. <span class="bld">Saddhāsādhano</span> hi so, sāvakavisayātītattā sikkhāpadapaññattiyā. Sikkhāpadapaññattiyācanapaṭikkhepo cettha nidassanaṃ. Tasmā yathā paññattaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ anavasesaṃ saddhāya samādiyitvā jīvitepi apekkhaṃ akarontena sādhukaṃ sampādetabbaṃ. Vuttampi hetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kikīva aṇḍaṃ camarīva vāladhiṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Piyaṃva puttaṃ nayanaṃva ekakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Tatheva sīlaṃ anurakkhamānakā,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Supesalā hotha sadā sagāravā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparampi vuttaṃ – ‘‘evameva kho pahārāda yaṃ mayā sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, taṃ mama sāvakā jīvitahetupi nātikkamantī’’ti (a. ni. 8.19). Imasmiṃ ca panatthe aṭaviyaṃ corehi baddhatherānaṃ vatthūni veditabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mahāvattaniaṭaviyaṃ kira theraṃ corā kāḷavallīhi bandhitvā nipajjāpesuṃ. Thero yathānipannova <a name="V1.0034"></a> sattadivasāni vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā anāgāmiphalaṃ pāpuṇitvā tattheva kālaṃ katvā brahmaloke nibbatti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparampi <a name="M1.0035"></a> theraṃ tambapaṇṇidīpe pūtilatāya bandhitvā nipajjāpesuṃ. So vanadāhe āgacchante valliṃ acchinditvāva vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā samasīsī hutvā parinibbāyi. Dīghabhāṇakaabhayatthero pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ āgacchanto disvā therassa sarīraṃ jhāpetvā cetiyaṃ kārāpesi. Tasmā aññopi saddho kulaputto –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pātimokkhaṃ visodhento, appeva jīvitaṃ jahe;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paññattaṃ lokanāthena, na bhinde sīlasaṃvaraṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā ca pātimokkhasaṃvaro saddhāya, evaṃ satiyā <span class="bld">indriyasaṃvaro</span> sampādetabbo. <span class="bld">Satisādhano</span> hi so, satiyā adhiṭṭhitānaṃ indriyānaṃ abhijjhādīhi ananvāssavanīyato. Tasmā ‘‘varaṃ, bhikkhave, tattāya ayosalākāya ādittāya sampajjalitāya sajotibhūtāya cakkhundriyaṃ sampalimaṭṭhaṃ, na tveva cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu anubyañjanaso nimittaggāho’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.235) ādinā nayena ādittapariyāyaṃ samanussaritvā rūpādīsu visayesu cakkhudvārādipavattassa viññāṇassa abhijjhādīhi anvāssavanīyaṃ nimittādiggāhaṃ asammuṭṭhāya satiyā nisedhentena esa sādhukaṃ sampādetabbo. Evaṃ asampādite hi etasmiṃ pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlampi anaddhaniyaṃ hoti aciraṭṭhitikaṃ, asaṃvihitasākhāparivāramiva sassaṃ. Haññate cāyaṃ kilesacorehi, vivaṭadvāro viya gāmo parassa hārīhi. Cittañcassa rāgo samativijjhati, ducchannamagāraṃ vuṭṭhi viya. Vuttampi hetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Rūpesu saddesu atho rasesu,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Gandhesu phassesu ca rakkha indriyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Ete hi dvārā vivaṭā arakkhitā,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Hananti gāmaṃva parassa hārino’’.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yathā <a name="V1.0035"></a> agāraṃ ducchannaṃ, vuṭṭhī samativijjhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ abhāvitaṃ cittaṃ, rāgo samativijjhatī’’ti. (dha. pa. 13);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sampādite pana tasmiṃ pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlampi addhaniyaṃ hoti ciraṭṭhitikaṃ, susaṃvihitasākhāparivāramiva sassaṃ. Na haññate cāyaṃ kilesacorehi<a name="M1.0036"></a>, susaṃvutadvāro viya gāmo parassa hārīhi. Na cassa cittaṃ rāgo samativijjhati, succhannamagāraṃ vuṭṭhi viya. Vuttampi cetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Rūpesu saddesu atho rasesu,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Gandhesu phassesu ca rakkha indriyaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Ete hi dvārā pihitā susaṃvutā,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na hanti gāmaṃva parassa hārino’’.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yathā agāraṃ succhannaṃ, vuṭṭhī na samativijjhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ subhāvitaṃ cittaṃ, rāgo na samativijjhatī’’ti. (dha. pa. 14);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana atiukkaṭṭhadesanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Cittaṃ nāmetaṃ lahuparivattaṃ, tasmā uppannaṃ rāgaṃ asubhamanasikārena vinodetvā indriyasaṃvaro sampādetabbo, adhunāpabbajitena vaṅgīsattherena viya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Therassa kira adhunāpabbajitassa piṇḍāya carato ekaṃ itthiṃ disvā rāgo uppajjati. Tato ānandattheraṃ āha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kāmarāgena ḍayhāmi, cittaṃ me pariḍayhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sādhu nibbāpanaṃ brūhi, anukampāya gotamā’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.212; theragā. 1232);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Thero <a name="V1.0036"></a> āha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Saññāya vipariyesā, cittaṃ te pariḍayhati;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Nimittaṃ parivajjehi, subhaṃ rāgūpasañhitaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Asubhāya cittaṃ bhāvehi, ekaggaṃ susamāhitaṃ. (saṃ. ni. 1.212; theragā. 1233-1234);</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Saṅkhāre parato passa, dukkhato no ca attato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nibbāpehi mahārāgaṃ, mā ḍayhittho punappuna’’nti. (saṃ. ni. 1.212);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Thero rāgaṃ vinodetvā piṇḍāya cari. Apica indriyasaṃvarapūrakena bhikkhunā kuraṇḍakamahāleṇavāsinā cittaguttattherena viya corakamahāvihāravāsinā mahāmittattherena viya ca bhavitabbaṃ. Kuraṇḍakamahāleṇe kira sattannaṃ buddhānaṃ abhinikkhamanacittakammaṃ manoramaṃ ahosi, sambahulā bhikkhū senāsanacārikaṃ āhiṇḍantā cittakammaṃ disvā ‘‘manoramaṃ, bhante<a name="M1.0037"></a>, cittakamma’’nti āhaṃsu. Thero āha ‘‘atirekasaṭṭhi me, āvuso, vassāni leṇe vasantassa cittakammaṃ atthītipi na jānāmi, ajja dāni cakkhumante nissāya ñāta’’nti. Therena kira ettakaṃ addhānaṃ vasantena cakkhuṃ ummīletvā leṇaṃ na ullokitapubbaṃ. Leṇadvāre cassa mahānāgarukkhopi ahosi. Sopi therena uddhaṃ na ullokitapubbo. Anusaṃvaccharaṃ bhūmiyaṃ kesaranipātaṃ disvāvassa pupphitabhāvaṃ jānāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Rājā therassa guṇasampattiṃ sutvā vanditukāmo tikkhattuṃ pesetvā anāgacchante there tasmiṃ gāme taruṇaputtānaṃ itthīnaṃ thane bandhāpetvā lañjāpesi ‘‘tāva dārakā thaññaṃ mā labhiṃsu, yāva thero na āgacchatī’’ti. Thero dārakānaṃ anukampāya mahāgāmaṃ agamāsi. Rājā sutvā ‘‘gacchatha bhaṇe, theraṃ pavesetha sīlāni gaṇhissāmī’’ti antepuraṃ abhiharāpetvā vanditvā bhojetvā ‘‘ajja, bhante, okāso natthi, sve sīlāni gaṇhissāmīti therassa pattaṃ gahetvā thokaṃ anugantvā deviyā saddhiṃ vanditvā nivatti. Thero rājā vā vandatu devī vā, ‘‘sukhī hotu, mahārājā’’ti vadati. Evaṃ sattadivasā gatā. Bhikkhū āhaṃsu ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, tumhe raññepi <a name="V1.0037"></a> vandamāne deviyāpi vandamānāya ‘‘sukhī hotu, mahārāja’’icceva vadathāti. Thero ‘‘nāhaṃ, āvuso, rājāti vā devīti vā vavatthānaṃ karomī’’ti vatvā sattāhātikkamena ‘‘therassa idha vāso dukkho’’ti raññā vissajjito kuraṇḍakamahāleṇaṃ gantvā rattibhāge caṅkamaṃ ārūhi. Nāgarukkhe adhivatthā devatā daṇḍadīpikaṃ gahetvā aṭṭhāsi. Athassa kammaṭṭhānaṃ atiparisuddhaṃ pākaṭaṃ ahosi. Thero ‘‘kiṃ nu me ajja kammaṭṭhānaṃ ativiya pakāsatī’’ti attamano majjhimayāmasamanantaraṃ sakalaṃ pabbataṃ unnādayanto arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tasmā aññopi attatthakāmo kulaputto –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Makkaṭova araññamhi, vane bhantamigo viya;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bālo viya ca utrasto, na bhave lolalocano.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Adho khipeyya cakkhūni, yugamattadaso siyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vanamakkaṭalolassa, na cittassa vasaṃ vaje.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mahāmittattherassāpi <a name="M1.0038"></a> mātu visagaṇḍakarogo uppajji, dhītāpissā bhikkhunīsu pabbajitā hoti. Sā taṃ āha – ‘‘gaccha ayye, bhātu santikaṃ gantvā mama aphāsukabhāvaṃ ārocetvā bhesajjamāharā’’ti. Sā gantvā ārocesi. Thero āha – ‘‘nāhaṃ mūlabhesajjādīni saṃharitvā bhesajjaṃ pacituṃ jānāmi, apica te bhesajjaṃ ācikkhissaṃ – ‘‘ahaṃ yato pabbajito, tato paṭṭhāya na mayā lobhasahagatena cittena indriyāni bhinditvā visabhāgarūpaṃ olokitapubbaṃ, iminā saccavacanena mātuyā me phāsu hotu, gaccha idaṃ vatvā upāsikāya sarīraṃ parimajjā’’ti. Sā gantvā imamatthaṃ ārocetvā tathā akāsi. Upāsikāya taṃkhaṇaṃyeva gaṇḍo pheṇapiṇḍo viya vilīyitvā antaradhāyi, sā uṭṭhahitvā ‘‘sace sammāsambuddho dhareyya, kasmā mama puttasadisassa bhikkhuno jālavicitrena hatthena sīsaṃ na parāmaseyyā’’ti attamanavācaṃ nicchāresi. Tasmā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kulaputtamāni aññopi, pabbajitvāna sāsane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mittattherova tiṭṭheyya, vare indriyasaṃvare.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā <a name="V1.0038"></a> pana indriyasaṃvaro satiyā, tathā vīriyena <span class="bld">ājīvapārisuddhi</span> sampādetabbā. <span class="bld">Vīriyasādhanā</span> hi sā, sammāraddhavīriyassa micchājīvappahānasambhavato. Tasmā anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ pahāya vīriyena piṇḍapātacariyādīhi sammā esanāhi esā sampādetabbā parisuddhuppādeyeva paccaye paṭisevamānena aparisuddhuppāde āsīvise viya parivajjayatā. Tattha apariggahitadhutaṅgassa saṅghato, gaṇato, dhammadesanādīhi cassa guṇehi pasannānaṃ gihīnaṃ santikā uppannā paccayā parisuddhuppādā nāma. Piṇḍapātacariyādīhi pana atiparisuddhuppādāyeva. Pariggahitadhutaṅgassa piṇḍapātacariyādīhi dhutaguṇe cassa pasannānaṃ santikā dhutaṅganiyamānulomena uppannā parisuddhuppādā nāma. Ekabyādhivūpasamatthañcassa pūtihariṭakīcatumadhuresu uppannesu ‘‘catumadhuraṃ aññepi sabrahmacārino paribhuñjissantī’’ti cintetvā hariṭakīkhaṇḍameva paribhuñjamānassa dhutaṅgasamādānaṃ patirūpaṃ hoti. Esa hi ‘‘uttamaariyavaṃsiko bhikkhū’’ti vuccati. Ye panete cīvarādayo paccayā, tesu yassa kassaci bhikkhuno ājīvaṃ parisodhentassa <a name="M1.0039"></a> cīvare ca piṇḍapāte ca nimittobhāsaparikathāviññattiyo na vaṭṭanti. Senāsane pana apariggahitadhutaṅgassa nimittobhāsaparikathā vaṭṭanti. Tattha <span class="bld">nimittaṃ</span> nāma senāsanatthaṃ bhūmiparikammādīni karontassa ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, kariyati, ko kārāpetī’’ti gihīhi vutte ‘‘na koci’’ti paṭivacanaṃ, yaṃ vā panaññampi evarūpaṃ nimittakammaṃ. <span class="bld">Obhāso</span> nāma ‘‘upāsakā tumhe kuhiṃ vasathā’’ti. Pāsāde, bhanteti. ‘‘Bhikkhūnaṃ pana upāsakā pāsādo na vaṭṭatī’’ti vacanaṃ, yaṃ vā panaññampi evarūpaṃ obhāsakammaṃ. <span class="bld">Parikathā</span> nāma ‘‘bhikkhusaṅghassa senāsanaṃ sambādha’’nti vacanaṃ, yā vā panaññāpi evarūpā pariyāyakathā. Bhesajje sabbampi vaṭṭati. Tathā uppannaṃ pana bhesajjaṃ roge vūpasante paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati, na vaṭṭatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha vinayadharā ‘‘bhagavatā dvāraṃ dinnaṃ, tasmā vaṭṭatī’’ti vadanti. Suttantikā pana ‘‘kiñcāpi āpatti na hoti, ājīvaṃ pana kopeti, tasmā na vaṭṭati’’cceva vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yo pana bhagavatā anuññātāpi nimittobhāsaparikathāviññattiyo akaronto appicchatādiguṇeyeva nissāya jīvitakkhayepi paccupaṭṭhite aññatreva obhāsādīhi uppannapaccaye paṭisevati, esa ‘‘paramasallekhavuttī’’ti vuccati, seyyathāpi thero <span class="bld">sāriputto</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So kirāyasmā ekasmiṃ samaye pavivekaṃ brūhayamāno mahāmoggallānattherena saddhiṃ aññatarasmiṃ <a name="V1.0039"></a> araññe viharati, athassa ekasmiṃ divase udaravātābādho uppajjitvā atidukkhaṃ janesi. Mahāmoggallānatthero sāyanhasamaye tassāyasmato upaṭṭhānaṃ gato theraṃ nipannaṃ disvā taṃ pavattiṃ pucchitvā ‘‘pubbe te, āvuso, kena phāsu hotī’’ti pucchi. Thero āha, ‘‘gihikāle me, āvuso, mātā sappimadhusakkarādīhi yojetvā asambhinnakhīrapāyāsaṃ adāsi, tena me phāsu ahosī’’ti. Sopi āyasmā ‘‘hotu, āvuso, sace mayhaṃ vā tuyhaṃ vā puññaṃ atthi, appeva nāma sve labhissāmā’’ti āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imaṃ pana nesaṃ kathāsallāpaṃ caṅkamanakoṭiyaṃ rukkhe adhivatthā devatā sutvā ‘‘sve ayyassa pāyāsaṃ uppādessāmī’’ti tāvadeva therassa upaṭṭhākakulaṃ <a name="M1.0040"></a> gantvā jeṭṭhaputtassa sarīraṃ āvisitvā pīḷaṃ janesi. Athassa tikicchānimittaṃ sannipatite ñātake āha – ‘‘sace sve therassa evarūpaṃ nāma pāyāsaṃ paṭiyādetha, taṃ muñcissāmī’’ti. Te ‘‘tayā avuttepi mayaṃ therānaṃ nibaddhaṃ bhikkhaṃ demā’’ti vatvā dutiyadivase tathārūpaṃ pāyāsaṃ paṭiyādiyiṃsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mahāmoggallānatthero pātova āgantvā ‘‘āvuso, yāva ahaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā āgacchāmi, tāva idheva hohī’’ti vatvā gāmaṃ pāvisi. Te manussā paccuggantvā therassa pattaṃ gahetvā vuttappakārassa pāyāsassa pūretvā adaṃsu. Thero gamanākāraṃ dassesi. Te ‘‘bhuñjatha – bhante, tumhe, aparampi dassāmā’’ti theraṃ bhojetvā puna pattapūraṃ adaṃsu. Thero gantvā ‘‘handāvuso sāriputta, paribhuñjā’’ti upanāmesi. Theropi taṃ disvā ‘‘atimanāpo pāyāso, kathaṃ nu kho uppanno’’ti cintento tassa uppattimūlaṃ disvā āha – ‘‘āvuso moggallāna, aparibhogāraho piṇḍapāto’’ti. Sopāyasmā ‘‘mādisena nāma ābhataṃ piṇḍapātaṃ na paribhuñjatī’’ti cittampi anuppādetvā ekavacaneneva pattaṃ mukhavaṭṭiyaṃ gahetvā ekamante nikujjesi. Pāyāsassa saha bhūmiyaṃ patiṭṭhānā therassa ābādho antaradhāyi, tato paṭṭhāya pañcacattālīsa vassāni na puna uppajji. Tato mahāmoggallānaṃ āha – ‘‘āvuso, vacīviññattiṃ nissāya uppanno pāyāso antesu nikkhamitvā bhūmiyaṃ carantesupi paribhuñjituṃ ayuttarūpo’’ti. Imañca udānaṃ udānesi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vacīviññattivipphārā, uppannaṃ madhupāyasaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sace bhutto bhaveyyāhaṃ, sājīvo garahito mama.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yadipi <a name="V1.0040"></a> me antaguṇaṃ, nikkhamitvā bahi care;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Neva bhindeyyaṃ ājīvaṃ, cajamānopi jīvitaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ārādhemi sakaṃ cittaṃ, vivajjemi anesanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nāhaṃ buddhappaṭikuṭṭhaṃ, kāhāmi ca anesana’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ciragumbavāsikaambakhādakamahātissattheravatthupi cettha kathetabbaṃ. Evaṃ sabbathāpi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Anesanāya <a name="M1.0041"></a> cittampi, ajanetvā vicakkhaṇo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ājīvaṃ parisodheyya, saddhāpabbajito yatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā ca vīriyena ājīvapārisuddhi, tathā <span class="bld">paccayasannissitasīlaṃ</span> paññāya sampādetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Paññāsādhanaṃ</span> hi taṃ, paññavato paccayesu ādīnavānisaṃsadassanasamatthabhāvato. Tasmā pahāya paccayagedhaṃ dhammena samena uppanne paccaye yathāvuttena vidhinā paññāya paccavekkhitvā paribhuñjantena sampādetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha duvidhaṃ paccavekkhaṇaṃ paccayānaṃ paṭilābhakāle, paribhogakāle ca. Paṭilābhakālepi hi dhātuvasena vā paṭikūlavasena vā paccavekkhitvā ṭhapitāni cīvarādīni tato uttari paribhuñjantassa anavajjova paribhogo, paribhogakālepi. Tatrāyaṃ sanniṭṭhānakaro vinicchayo –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Cattāro hi paribhogā theyyaparibhogo, iṇaparibhogo, dāyajjaparibhogo, sāmiparibhogoti. Tatra saṅghamajjhepi nisīditvā paribhuñjantassa dussīlassa paribhogo <span class="bld">theyyaparibhogo</span> nāma. Sīlavato apaccavekkhitvā paribhogo <span class="bld">iṇaparibhogo</span> nāma. Tasmā cīvaraṃ paribhoge paribhoge paccavekkhitabbaṃ, piṇḍapāto ālope ālope, tathā asakkontena purebhattapacchābhattapurimayāmamajjhimayāmapacchimayāmesu. Sacassa apaccavekkhatova aruṇaṃ uggacchati, iṇaparibhogaṭṭhāne tiṭṭhati. Senāsanampi paribhoge paribhoge paccavekkhitabbaṃ. Bhesajjassa paṭiggahaṇepi paribhogepi satipaccayatāva vaṭṭati. Evaṃ santepi paṭiggahaṇe satiṃ katvā <a name="V1.0041"></a> paribhoge akarontasseva āpatti, paṭiggahaṇe pana satiṃ akatvā paribhoge karontassa anāpatti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Catubbidhā hi suddhi desanāsuddhi, saṃvarasuddhi, pariyeṭṭhisuddhi, paccavekkhaṇasuddhīti. Tattha <span class="bld">desanāsuddhi</span> nāma pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlaṃ. Tañhi desanāya sujjhanato desanāsuddhīti vuccati. <span class="bld">Saṃvarasuddhi</span> nāma indriyasaṃvarasīlaṃ. Tañhi ‘‘na puna evaṃ karissāmī’’ti cittādhiṭṭhānasaṃvareneva sujjhanato saṃvarasuddhīti vuccati. <span class="bld">Pariyeṭṭhisuddhi</span> nāma ājīvapārisuddhisīlaṃ. Tañhi anesanaṃ pahāya dhammena samena paccaye uppādentassa pariyesanāya suddhattā pariyeṭṭhisuddhīti <a name="M1.0042"></a> vuccati. <span class="bld">Paccavekkhaṇasuddhi</span> nāma paccayasannissitasīlaṃ. Tañhi vuttappakārena paccavekkhaṇena sujjhanato paccavekkhaṇasuddhīti vuccati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘paṭiggahaṇe pana satiṃ akatvā paribhoge karontassa anāpattī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sattannaṃ sekkhānaṃ paccayaparibhogo <span class="bld">dāyajjaparibhogo</span> nāma. Te hi bhagavato puttā, tasmā pitusantakānaṃ paccayānaṃ dāyādā hutvā te paccaye paribhuñjanti. Kiṃpanete bhagavato paccaye paribhuñjanti, udāhu gihīnaṃ paccaye paribhuñjantīti. Gihīhi dinnāpi bhagavatā anuññātattā bhagavato santakā honti, tasmā bhagavato paccaye paribhuñjantīti veditabbā. Dhammadāyādasuttañcettha sādhakaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Khīṇāsavānaṃ paribhogo <span class="bld">sāmiparibhogo</span> nāma. Te hi taṇhāya dāsabyaṃ atītattā sāmino hutvā paribhuñjanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imesu paribhogesu sāmiparibhogo ca dāyajjaparibhogo ca sabbesaṃ vaṭṭati. Iṇaparibhogo na vaṭṭati. Theyyaparibhoge kathāyeva natthi. Yo panāyaṃ sīlavato paccavekkhitaparibhogo, so iṇaparibhogassa paccanīkattā āṇaṇyaparibhogo vā hoti, dāyajjaparibhogeyeva vā saṅgahaṃ gacchati. Sīlavāpi hi imāya sikkhāya samannāgatattā sekkhotveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati. Imesu pana paribhogesu yasmā sāmiparibhogo aggo, tasmā taṃ patthayamānena bhikkhunā vuttappakārāya paccavekkhaṇāya paccavekkhitvā paribhuñjantena paccayasannissitasīlaṃ sampādetabbaṃ. Evaṃ karonto hi kiccakārī hoti. Vuttampi cetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Piṇḍaṃ <a name="V1.0042"></a> vihāraṃ sayanāsanañca,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Āpañca saṅghāṭirajūpavāhanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Sutvāna dhammaṃ sugatena desitaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saṅkhāya seve varapaññasāvako.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tasmā <a name="M1.0043"></a> hi piṇḍe sayanāsane ca,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Āpe ca saṅghāṭirajūpavāhane;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Etesu dhammesu anūpalitto,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhikkhu yathā pokkhare vāribindu. (su. ni. 393-394);</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kālena laddhā parato anuggahā,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Khajjesu bhojjesu ca sāyanesu ca;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Mattaṃ sa jaññā satataṃ upaṭṭhito,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vaṇassa ālepanarūhane yathā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kantāre puttamaṃsaṃva, akkhassabbhañjanaṃ yathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ āhāre āhāraṃ, yāpanatthamamucchito’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imassa ca paccayasannissitasīlassa paripūrakāritāya bhāgineyyasaṅgharakkhitasāmaṇerassa vatthu kathetabbaṃ. So hi sammā paccavekkhitvā paribhuñji. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Upajjhāyo maṃ bhuñjamānaṃ, sālikūraṃ sunibbutaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mā heva tvaṃ sāmaṇera, jivhaṃ jhāpesi asaññato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Upajjhāyassa vaco sutvā, saṃvegamalabhiṃ tadā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ekāsane nisīditvā, arahattaṃ apāpuṇiṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sohaṃ <a name="V1.0043"></a> paripuṇṇasaṅkappo, cando pannaraso yathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sabbāsavaparikkhīṇo, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tasmā aññopi dukkhassa, patthayanto parikkhayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yoniso paccavekkhitvā, paṭisevetha paccaye’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlādivasena catubbidhaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Paṭhamasīlapañcakaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para20"></a><span class="paranum">20</span>. Pañcavidhakoṭṭhāsassa paṭhamapañcake anupasampannasīlādivasena attho veditabbo. Vuttañhetaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Katamaṃ <a name="M1.0044"></a> pariyantapārisuddhisīlaṃ? Anupasampannānaṃ pariyantasikkhāpadānaṃ, idaṃ pariyantapārisuddhisīlaṃ. Katamaṃ apariyantapārisuddhisīlaṃ? Upasampannānaṃ apariyantasikkhāpadānaṃ, idaṃ apariyantapārisuddhisīlaṃ. Katamaṃ paripuṇṇapārisuddhisīlaṃ? Puthujjanakalyāṇakānaṃ kusaladhamme yuttānaṃ sekkhapariyante paripūrakārīnaṃ kāye ca jīvite ca anapekkhānaṃ pariccattajīvitānaṃ, idaṃ paripuṇṇapārisuddhisīlaṃ. Katamaṃ aparāmaṭṭhapārisuddhisīlaṃ? Sattannaṃ sekkhānaṃ, idaṃ aparāmaṭṭhapārisuddhisīlaṃ. Katamaṃ paṭippassaddhipārisuddhisīlaṃ? Tathāgatasāvakānaṃ khīṇāsavānaṃ paccekabuddhānaṃ tathāgatānaṃ arahantānaṃ sammāsambuddhānaṃ, idaṃ paṭippassaddhipārisuddhisīla’’nti (paṭi. ma. 1.37).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha anupasampannānaṃ sīlaṃ gaṇanavasena sapariyantattā <span class="bld">pariyantapārisuddhisīla</span>nti veditabbaṃ. Upasampannānaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nava koṭisahassāni, asītisatakoṭiyo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paññāsasatasahassāni, chattiṃsā ca punāpare.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ete <a name="V1.0044"></a> saṃvaravinayā, sambuddhena pakāsitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Peyyālamukhena niddiṭṭhā, sikkhā vinayasaṃvare’’ti. –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ gaṇanavasena sapariyantampi anavasesavasena samādānabhāvañca lābhayasañātiaṅgajīvitavasena adiṭṭhapariyantabhāvañca sandhāya <span class="bld">apariyantapārisuddhisīla</span>nti vuttaṃ, ciragumbavāsikaambakhādakamahātissattherassa sīlamiva. Tathā hi so āyasmā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dhanaṃ caje aṅgavarassa hetu, aṅgaṃ caje jīvitaṃ rakkhamāno;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Aṅgaṃ dhanaṃ jīvitañcāpi sabbaṃ, caje naro dhammamanussaranto’’ti. –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imaṃ sappurisānussatiṃ avijahanto jīvitasaṃsayepi sikkhāpadaṃ avītikkamma tadeva apariyantapārisuddhisīlaṃ nissāya upāsakassa piṭṭhigatova arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Na pitā napi te mātā, na ñāti napi bandhavo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Karotetādisaṃ kiccaṃ, sīlavantassa kāraṇā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saṃvegaṃ <a name="M1.0045"></a> janayitvāna, sammasitvāna yoniso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tassa piṭṭhigato santo, arahattaṃ apāpuṇī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Puthujjanakalyāṇakānaṃ sīlaṃ upasampadato paṭṭhāya sudhotajātimaṇi viya suparikammakatasuvaṇṇaṃ viya ca atiparisuddhattā cittuppādamattakenapi malena virahitaṃ arahattasseva padaṭṭhānaṃ hoti, tasmā <span class="bld">paripuṇṇapārisuddhī</span>ti vuccati, mahāsaṅgharakkhitabhāgineyyasaṅgharakkhitattherānaṃ viya.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mahāsaṅgharakkhitattheraṃ</span> kira atikkantasaṭṭhivassaṃ maraṇamañce nipannaṃ bhikkhusaṅgho lokuttarādhigamaṃ pucchi. Thero ‘‘natthi me lokuttaradhammo’’ti āha. Athassa upaṭṭhāko daharabhikkhu āha – ‘‘bhante, tumhe parinibbutāti samantā dvādasayojanā manussā sannipatitā, tumhākaṃ puthujjanakālakiriyāya mahājanassa vippaṭisāro bhavissatī’’ti. Āvuso, ahaṃ ‘‘metteyyaṃ bhagavantaṃ passissāmī’’ti na vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapesiṃ. Tena hi maṃ nisīdāpetvā <a name="V1.0045"></a> okāsaṃ karohīti. So theraṃ nisīdāpetvā bahi nikkhanto. Thero tassa saha nikkhamanāva arahattaṃ patvā accharikāya saññaṃ adāsi. Saṅgho sannipatitvā āha – ‘‘bhante, evarūpe maraṇakāle lokuttaradhammaṃ nibbattentā dukkaraṃ karitthā’’ti. Nāvuso etaṃ dukkaraṃ, apica vo dukkaraṃ ācikkhissāmi – ‘‘ahaṃ, āvuso, pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya asatiyā aññāṇapakataṃ kammaṃ nāma na passāmī’’ti. Bhāgineyyopissa paññāsavassakāle evameva arahattaṃ pāpuṇīti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Appassutopi ce hoti, sīlesu asamāhito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ubhayena naṃ garahanti, sīlato ca sutena ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Appassutopi ce hoti, sīlesu susamāhito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sīlato naṃ pasaṃsanti, tassa sampajjate sutaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bahussutopi ce hoti, sīlesu asamāhito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sīlato naṃ garahanti, nāssa sampajjate sutaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bahussutopi ce hoti, sīlesu susamāhito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ubhayena naṃ pasaṃsanti, sīlato ca sutena ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bahussutaṃ <a name="M1.0046"></a> dhammadharaṃ, sappaññaṃ buddhasāvakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Nekkhaṃ jambonadasseva, ko taṃ ninditumarahati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Devāpi naṃ pasaṃsanti, brahmunāpi pasaṃsito’’ti. (a. ni. 4.6);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sekkhānaṃ pana sīlaṃ diṭṭhivasena aparāmaṭṭhattā, puthujjanānaṃ vā pana rāgavasena aparāmaṭṭhasīlaṃ <span class="bld">aparāmaṭṭhapārisuddhī</span>ti veditabbaṃ, kuṭumbiyaputtatissattherassa sīlaṃ viya. So hi āyasmā tathārūpaṃ sīlaṃ nissāya arahatte patiṭṭhātukāmo verike āha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ubho <a name="V1.0046"></a> pādāni bhinditvā, saññapessāmi vo ahaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Aṭṭiyāmi harāyāmi, sarāgamaraṇaṃ aha’’nti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Evāhaṃ cintayitvāna, sammasitvāna yoniso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sampatte aruṇuggamhi, arahattaṃ apāpuṇi’’nti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.373);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aññataropi mahāthero bāḷhagilāno sahatthā āhārampi paribhuñjituṃ asakkonto sake muttakarīse palipanno samparivattati, taṃ disvā aññataro daharo ‘‘aho dukkhā jīvitasaṅkhārā’’ti āha. Tamenaṃ mahāthero āha – ‘‘ahaṃ, āvuso, idāni miyyamāno saggasampattiṃ labhissāmi, natthi me ettha saṃsayo, imaṃ pana sīlaṃ bhinditvā laddhasampatti nāma sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya paṭiladdhagihibhāvasadisī’’ti vatvā ‘‘sīleneva saddhiṃ marissāmī’’ti tattheva nipanno tameva rogaṃ sammasanto arahattaṃ patvā bhikkhusaṅghassa imāhi gāthāhi byākāsi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Phuṭṭhassa me aññatarena byādhinā,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Rogena bāḷhaṃ dukhitassa ruppato;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Parisussati khippamidaṃ kaḷevaraṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pupphaṃ yathā paṃsuni ātape kataṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ajaññaṃ jaññasaṅkhātaṃ, asuciṃ sucisammataṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nānākuṇapaparipūraṃ, jaññarūpaṃ apassato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dhiratthu <a name="M1.0047"></a> maṃ āturaṃ pūtikāyaṃ, duggandhiyaṃ asuci byādhidhammaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yatthappamattā adhimucchitā pajā, hāpenti maggaṃ sugatūpapattiyā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Arahantādīnaṃ pana sīlaṃ sabbadarathappaṭippassaddhiyā parisuddhattā <span class="bld">paṭippassaddhipārisuddhī</span>ti veditabbaṃ. Evaṃ pariyantapārisuddhiādivasena pañcavidhaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dutiyasīlapañcakaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dutiyapañcake <a name="V1.0047"></a> pāṇātipātādīnaṃ pahānādivasena attho veditabbo. Vuttañhetaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Pañca sīlāni pāṇātipātassa pahānaṃ sīlaṃ, veramaṇī sīlaṃ, cetanā sīlaṃ, saṃvaro sīlaṃ, avītikkamo sīlaṃ. Adinnādānassa, kāmesumicchācārassa, musāvādassa, pisuṇāya vācāya, pharusāya vācāya, samphappalāpassa, abhijjhāya, byāpādassa, micchādiṭṭhiyā, nekkhammena kāmacchandassa, abyāpādena byāpādassa, ālokasaññāya thinamiddhassa, avikkhepena uddhaccassa, dhammavavatthānena vicikicchāya, ñāṇena avijjāya, pāmojjena aratiyā, paṭhamena jhānena nīvaraṇānaṃ, dutiyena jhānena vitakkavicārānaṃ, tatiyena jhānena pītiyā, catutthena jhānena sukhadukkhānaṃ, ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattiyā rūpasaññāya paṭighasaññāya nānattasaññāya, viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiyā ākāsānañcāyatanasaññāya, ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattiyā viññāṇañcāyatanasaññāya, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā ākiñcaññāyatanasaññāya, aniccānupassanāya niccasaññāya, dukkhānupassanāya sukhasaññāya, anattānupassanāya attasaññāya, nibbidānupassanāya nandiyā, virāgānupassanāya rāgassa, nirodhānupassanāya samudayassa, paṭinissaggānupassanāya ādānassa, khayānupassanāya ghanasaññāya, vayānupassanāya āyūhanassa, vipariṇāmānupassanāya dhuvasaññāya, animittānupassanāya nimittassa, appaṇihitānupassanāya paṇidhiyā, suññatānupassanāya abhinivesassa, adhipaññādhammavipassanāya sārādānābhinivesassa, yathābhūtañāṇadassanena sammohābhinivesassa, ādīnavānupassanāya ālayābhinivesassa, paṭisaṅkhānupassanāya appaṭisaṅkhāya, vivaṭṭanānupassanāya saññogābhinivesassa, sotāpattimaggena diṭṭhekaṭṭhānaṃ <a name="M1.0048"></a> kilesānaṃ, sakadāgāmimaggena oḷārikānaṃ kilesānaṃ, anāgāmimaggena aṇusahagatānaṃ kilesānaṃ, arahattamaggena sabbakilesānaṃ pahānaṃ sīlaṃ, veramaṇī, cetanā, saṃvaro, avītikkamo sīlaṃ. Evarūpāni sīlāni cittassa avippaṭisārāya saṃvattanti, pāmojjāya saṃvattanti, pītiyā saṃvattanti, passaddhiyā saṃvattanti, somanassāya saṃvattanti, āsevanāya saṃvattanti, bhāvanāya saṃvattanti, bahulīkammāya saṃvattanti, alaṅkārāya saṃvattanti, parikkhārāya saṃvattanti, parivārāya saṃvattanti, pāripūriyā saṃvattanti, ekantanibbidāya virāgāya <a name="V1.0048"></a> nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattantī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.41).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca pahānanti koci dhammo nāma natthi aññatra vuttappakārānaṃ pāṇātipātādīnaṃ anuppādamattato. Yasmā pana taṃ taṃ pahānaṃ tassa tassa kusaladhammassa patiṭṭhānaṭṭhena upadhāraṇaṃ hoti, vikampābhāvakaraṇena ca samādānaṃ. Tasmā pubbe vutteneva upadhāraṇasamādhānasaṅkhātena sīlanaṭṭhena sīlanti vuttaṃ. Itare cattāro dhammā tato tato veramaṇivasena, tassa tassa saṃvaravasena, tadubhayasampayuttacetanāvasena, taṃ taṃ avītikkamantassa avītikkamanavasena ca cetaso pavattisabbhāvaṃ sandhāya vuttā. Sīlaṭṭho pana tesaṃ pubbe pakāsitoyevāti. Evaṃ pahānasīlādivasena pañcavidhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā ca kiṃ sīlaṃ? Kenaṭṭhena sīlaṃ? Kānassa lakkhaṇarasapaccupaṭṭhānapadaṭṭhānāni? Kimānisaṃsaṃ sīlaṃ? Katividhaṃ cetaṃ sīlanti? Imesaṃ pañhānaṃ vissajjanaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Sīlasaṃkilesavodānaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para21"></a><span class="paranum">21</span>. Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘ko cassa saṃkileso, kiṃ vodāna’’nti. Tatra vadāma – khaṇḍādibhāvo sīlassa saṃkileso, akhaṇḍādibhāvo vodānaṃ. So pana khaṇḍādibhāvo lābhayasādihetukena bhedena ca sattavidhamethunasaṃyogena ca saṅgahito.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā hi yassa sattasu āpattikkhandhesu ādimhi vā ante vā sikkhāpadaṃ bhinnaṃ hoti, tassa sīlaṃ pariyante chinnasāṭako viya <span class="bld">khaṇḍaṃ</span> nāma <a name="M1.0049"></a> hoti. Yassa pana vemajjhe bhinnaṃ, tassa majjhe chiddasāṭako viya <span class="bld">chiddaṃ</span> nāma hoti. Yassa paṭipāṭiyā dve tīṇi bhinnāni, tassa piṭṭhiyā vā kucchiyā vā uṭṭhitena visabhāgavaṇṇena kāḷarattādīnaṃ aññatarasarīravaṇṇā gāvī viya <span class="bld">sabalaṃ</span> nāma hoti. Yassa antarantarā bhinnāni, tassa antarantarā visabhāgavaṇṇabinduvicitrā gāvī viya <span class="bld">kammāsaṃ</span> nāma hoti. Evaṃ tāva lābhādihetukena bhedena khaṇḍādibhāvo hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="V1.0049"></a> sattavidhamethunasaṃyogavasena. Vuttañhi bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā sammā brahmacārī paṭijānamāno na heva kho mātugāmena saddhiṃ dvayaṃdvayasamāpattiṃ samāpajjati, apica kho mātugāmassa ucchādanaṃ parimaddanaṃ nhāpanaṃ sambāhanaṃ sādiyati, so tadassādeti, taṃ nikāmeti, tena ca vittiṃ āpajjati, idampi kho, brāhmaṇa, brahmacariyassa khaṇḍampi chiddampi sabalampi kammāsampi. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, aparisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati saṃyutto methunena saṃyogena, na parimuccati jātiyā. Jarāya maraṇena…pe… na parimuccati dukkhasmāti vadāmi.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Puna caparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco samaṇo vā…pe… paṭijānamāno na heva kho mātugāmena saddhiṃ dvayaṃ dvayasamāpattiṃ samāpajjati. Napi mātugāmassa ucchādanaṃ…pe… sādiyati. Apica kho mātugāmena saddhiṃ sañjagghati saṃkīḷati saṃkelāyati, so tadassādeti…pe… na parimuccati dukkhasmāti vadāmi.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Puna caparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco samaṇo vā…pe… na heva kho mātugāmena saddhiṃ dvayaṃ dvayasamāpattiṃ samāpajjati. Napi mātugāmassa ucchādanaṃ…pe… sādiyati. Napi mātugāmena saddhiṃ sañjagghati saṃkīḷati saṃkelāyati. Apica kho mātugāmassa cakkhunā cakkhuṃ upanijjhāyati pekkhati, so tadassādeti…pe… na parimuccati dukkhasmāti vadāmi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Puna <a name="M1.0050"></a> caparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco samaṇo vā…pe… na heva kho mātugāmena… napi mātugāmassa… napi mātugāmena… napi mātugāmassa…pe… pekkhati. Apica kho mātugāmassa saddaṃ suṇāti tirokuṭṭā vā tiropākārā vā hasantiyā vā bhaṇantiyā vā gāyantiyā vā rodantiyā vā, so tadassādeti…pe… dukkhasmāti vadāmi.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Puna caparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco samaṇo vā…pe… na heva kho mātugāmena… napi mātugāmassa… napi mātugāmena… napi mātugāmassa…pe… rodantiyā <a name="V1.0050"></a> vā. Apica kho yānissa tāni pubbe mātugāmena saddhiṃ hasitalapitakīḷitāni, tāni anussarati, so tadassādeti…pe… dukkhasmāti vadāmi.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Puna caparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco samaṇo vā…pe… na heva kho mātugāmena…pe… napi mātugāmassa…pe… napi yānissa tāni pubbe mātugāmena saddhiṃ hasitalapitakīḷitāni, tāni anussarati. Apica kho passati gahapatiṃ vā gahapatiputtaṃ vā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitaṃ samaṅgībhūtaṃ paricārayamānaṃ, so tadassādeti…pe… dukkhasmāti vadāmi.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Puna caparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco samaṇo vā…pe… na heva kho mātugāmena…pe… napi passati gahapatiṃ vā gahapatiputtaṃ vā…pe… paricārayamānaṃ. Apica kho aññataraṃ devanikāyaṃ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṃ carati ‘imināhaṃ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’ti. So tadassādeti, taṃ nikāmeti, tena ca vittiṃ āpajjati. Idampi kho, brāhmaṇa, brahmacariyassa khaṇḍampi chiddampi sabalampi kammāsampī’’ti (a. ni. 7.50).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ lābhādihetukena bhedena ca sattavidhamethunasaṃyogena ca khaṇḍādibhāvo saṅgahitoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Akhaṇḍādibhāvo pana sabbaso sikkhāpadānaṃ abhedena, bhinnānañca sappaṭikammānaṃ paṭikammakaraṇena, sattavidhamethunasaṃyogābhāvena ca, aparāya <a name="M1.0051"></a> ca ‘‘kodho upanāho makkho paḷāso issā macchariyaṃ māyā sātheyyaṃ thambho sārambho māno atimāno mado pamādo’’tiādīnaṃ pāpadhammānaṃ anuppattiyā, appicchatāsantuṭṭhitāsallekhatādīnañca guṇānaṃ uppattiyā saṅgahito.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yāni hi sīlāni lābhādīnampi atthāya abhinnāni, pamādadosena vā bhinnānipi paṭikammakatāni<a name="V1.0051"></a>, methunasaṃyogehi vā kodhupanāhādīhi vā pāpadhammehi anupahatāni, tāni sabbaso <span class="bld">akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsānī</span>ti vuccanti. Tāniyeva bhujissabhāvakaraṇato ca <span class="bld">bhujissāni,</span> viññūhi pasatthattā <span class="bld">viññupasatthāni,</span> taṇhādiṭṭhīhi aparāmaṭṭhattā <span class="bld">aparāmaṭṭhāni,</span> upacārasamādhiṃ vā appanāsamādhiṃ vā saṃvattayantīti <span class="bld">samādhisaṃvattanikāni</span> ca honti. Tasmā nesaṃ esa ‘akhaṇḍādibhāvo vodāna’nti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Taṃ panetaṃ vodānaṃ dvīhākārehi sampajjati sīlavipattiyā ca ādīnavadassanena, sīlasampattiyā ca ānisaṃsadassanena. Tattha ‘‘pañcime, bhikkhave, ādīnavā dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā’’ti (dī. ni. 2.149; a. ni. 5.213) evamādisuttanayena sīlavipattiyā ādīnavo daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica dussīlo puggalo dussīlyahetu amanāpo hoti devamanussānaṃ, ananusāsanīyo sabrahmacārīnaṃ, dukkhito dussīlyagarahāsu, vippaṭisārī sīlavataṃ pasaṃsāsu, tāya ca pana dussīlyatāya sāṇasāṭako viya dubbaṇṇo hoti. Ye kho panassa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjanti, tesaṃ dīgharattaṃ apāyadukkhāvahanato dukkhasamphasso. Yesaṃ deyyadhammaṃ paṭiggaṇhāti, tesaṃ namahapphalakaraṇato appaggho. Anekavassagaṇikagūthakūpo viya dubbisodhano. Chavālātamiva ubhato paribāhiro. Bhikkhubhāvaṃ paṭijānantopi abhikkhuyeva gogaṇaṃ anubandhagadrabho viya. Satatubbiggo sabbaverikapuriso viya. Asaṃvāsāraho matakaḷevaraṃ viya. Sutādiguṇayuttopi sabrahmacārīnaṃ apūjāraho susānaggi viya brāhmaṇānaṃ. Abhabbo visesādhigame andho viya rūpadassane. Nirāso saddhamme caṇḍālakumārako viya rajje. Sukhitosmīti maññamānopi dukkhitova aggikkhandhapariyāye vuttadukkhabhāgitāya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dussīlānañhi <a name="M1.0052"></a> pañcakāmaguṇaparibhogavandanamānanādisukhassādagadhitacittānaṃ tappaccayaṃ anussaraṇamattenāpi hadayasantāpaṃ janayitvā uṇhalohituggārappavattanasamatthaṃ atikaṭukaṃ dukkhaṃ dassento sabbākārena paccakkhakammavipāko bhagavā āha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Passatha no tumhe, bhikkhave, amuṃ mahantaṃ aggikkhandhaṃ ādittaṃ sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūta’nti? Evaṃ, bhanteti. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho varaṃ yaṃ amuṃ <a name="V1.0052"></a> mahantaṃ aggikkhandhaṃ ādittaṃ sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtaṃ āliṅgetvā upanisīdeyya vā upanipajjeyya vā, yaṃ khattiyakaññaṃ vā brāhmaṇakaññaṃ vā gahapatikaññaṃ vā mudutalunahatthapādaṃ āliṅgetvā upanisīdeyya vā upanipajjeyya vāti. Etadeva, bhante, varaṃ yaṃ khattiyakaññaṃ vā…pe… upanipajjeyya vā. Dukkhaṃ hetaṃ, bhante, yaṃ amuṃ mahantaṃ aggikkhandhaṃ…pe… upanipajjeyya vāti. Ārocayāmi vo, bhikkhave, paṭivedayāmi vo, bhikkhave, yathā etadeva tassa varaṃ dussīlassa pāpadhammassa asucisaṅkassarasamācārassa paṭicchannakammantassa assamaṇassa samaṇapaṭiññassa abrahmacārissa brahmacāripaṭiññassa antopūtikassa avassutassa kasambujātassa yaṃ amuṃ mahantaṃ aggikkhandhaṃ…pe… upanipajjeyya vā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tatonidānaṃ hi so, bhikkhave, maraṇaṃ vā nigaccheyya maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ, na tveva tappaccayā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyyā’’ti (a. ni. 7.72).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ aggikkhandhupamāya itthipaṭibaddhapañcakāmaguṇaparibhogapaccayaṃ dukkhaṃ dassetvā eteneva upāyena –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho varaṃ yaṃ balavā puriso daḷhāya vāḷarajjuyā ubho jaṅghā veṭhetvā ghaṃseyya, sā chaviṃ chindeyya, chaviṃ chetvā cammaṃ chindeyya, cammaṃ chetvā maṃsaṃ chindeyya, maṃsaṃ chetvā nhāruṃ chindeyya, nhāruṃ chetvā aṭṭhiṃ chindeyya, aṭṭhiṃ chetvā aṭṭhimiñjaṃ āhacca tiṭṭheyya, yaṃ vā khattiyamahāsālānaṃ <a name="M1.0053"></a> vā brāhmaṇamahāsālānaṃ vā gahapatimahāsālānaṃ vā abhivādanaṃ sādiyeyyā’’ti ca.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho varaṃ yaṃ balavā puriso tiṇhāya sattiyā teladhotāya paccorasmiṃ pahareyya, yaṃ vā khattiyamahāsālānaṃ vā brāhmaṇamahāsālānaṃ vā gahapatimahāsālānaṃ vā añjalikammaṃ sādiyeyyā’’ti ca.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho varaṃ yaṃ balavā puriso tattena ayopaṭṭena ādittena sampajjalitena sajotibhūtena kāyaṃ sampaliveṭheyya, yaṃ vā khattiyamahāsālānaṃ <a name="V1.0053"></a> vā brāhmaṇamahāsālānaṃ vā gahapatimahāsālānaṃ vā saddhādeyyaṃ cīvaraṃ paribhuñjeyyā’’ti ca.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho varaṃ yaṃ balavā puriso tattena ayosaṅkunā ādittena sampajjalitena sajotibhūtena mukhaṃ vivaritvā tattaṃ lohaguḷaṃ ādittaṃ sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtaṃ mukhe pakkhipeyya, taṃ tassa oṭṭhampi ḍaheyya, mukhampi, jivhampi, kaṇṭhampi, udarampi ḍaheyya, antampi antaguṇampi ādāya adhobhāgaṃ nikkhameyya, yaṃ vā khattiya… brāhmaṇa… gahapatimahāsālānaṃ vā saddhādeyyaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjeyyā’’ti ca.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho varaṃ yaṃ balavā puriso sīse vā gahetvā khandhe vā gahetvā tattaṃ ayomañcaṃ vā ayopīṭhaṃ vā ādittaṃ sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtaṃ abhinisīdāpeyya vā abhinipajjāpeyya vā, yaṃ vā khattiya… brāhmaṇa… gahapatimahāsālānaṃ vā saddhādeyyaṃ mañcapīṭhaṃ paribhuñjeyyā’’ti ca.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho varaṃ yaṃ balavā puriso uddhaṃpādaṃ adhosiraṃ gahetvā tattāya ayokumbhiyā pakkhipeyya ādittāya sampajjalitāya sajotibhūtāya<a name="M1.0054"></a>, so tattha pheṇuddehakaṃ paccamāno sakimpi uddhaṃ gaccheyya, sakimpi adho gaccheyya, sakimpi tiriyaṃ gaccheyya, yaṃ vā khattiya… brāhmaṇa… gahapatimahāsālānaṃ vā saddhādeyyaṃ vihāraṃ paribhuñjeyyā’’ti cāti (a. ni. 7.72).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imāhi vāḷarajjutiṇhasattiayopaṭṭaayoguḷaayomañcaayopīṭhaayokumbhīupamāhi abhivādanaañjalikammacīvarapiṇḍapātamañcapīṭhavihāraparibhogapaccayaṃ dukkhaṃ dassesi. Tasmā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Aggikkhandhāliṅganadukkhādhikadukkhakaṭukaphalaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Avijahato kāmasukhaṃ, sukhaṃ kuto bhinnasīlassa.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Abhivādanasādiyane<a name="V1.0054"></a>, kiṃ nāma sukhaṃ vipannasīlassa;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Daḷhavāḷarajjughaṃsanadukkhādhikadukkhabhāgissa.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saddhānamañjalikammasādiyane kiṃ sukhaṃ asīlassa;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sattippahāradukkhādhimattadukkhassa yaṃhetu.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Cīvaraparibhogasukhaṃ, kiṃ nāma asaṃyatassa;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yena ciraṃ anubhavitabbo, niraye jalitaayopaṭṭasamphasso.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Madhuropi piṇḍapāto, halāhalavisūpamo asīlassa;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ādittā gilitabbā, ayoguḷā yena cirarattaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sukhasammatopi dukkho, asīlino mañcapīṭhaparibhogo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yaṃ bādhissanti ciraṃ, jalitaayomañcapīṭhāni.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dussīlassa vihāre, saddhādeyyamhi kā nivāsa rati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Jalitesu nivasitabbaṃ, yena ayokumbhimajjhesu.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saṅkasarasamācāro, kasambujāto avassuto pāpo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Antopūtīti ca yaṃ, nindanto āha lokagaru.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dhī jīvitaṃ asaññatassa, tassa samaṇajanavesadhārissa;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Assamaṇassa upahataṃ, khatamattānaṃ vahantassa.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Gūthaṃ <a name="M1.0055"></a> viya kuṇapaṃ viya, maṇḍanakāmā vivajjayantīdha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yaṃ nāma sīlavanto, santo kiṃ jīvitaṃ tassa.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sabbabhayehi <a name="V1.0055"></a> amutto, mutto sabbehi adhigamasukhehi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Supihitasaggadvāro, apāyamaggaṃ samārūḷho.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Karuṇāya vatthubhūto, kāruṇikajanassa nāma ko añño;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dussīlasamo dussī, latāya iti bahuvidhā dosāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamādinā paccavekkhaṇena sīlavipattiyaṃ ādīnavadassanaṃ vuttappakāraviparītato sīlasampattiyā ānisaṃsadassanañca veditabbaṃ. Apica –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tassa pāsādikaṃ hoti, pattacīvaradhāraṇaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pabbajjā saphalā tassa, yassa sīlaṃ sunimmalaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Attānuvādādibhayaṃ, suddhasīlassa bhikkhuno;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Andhakāraṃ viya raviṃ, hadayaṃ nāvagāhati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sīlasampattiyā bhikkhu, sobhamāno tapovane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pabhāsampattiyā cando, gagane viya sobhati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kāyagandhopi pāmojjaṃ, sīlavantassa bhikkhuno;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Karoti api devānaṃ, sīlagandhe kathāva kā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sabbesaṃ gandhajātānaṃ, sampattiṃ abhibhuyyati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Avighātī disā sabbā, sīlagandho pavāyati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Appakāpi katā kārā, sīlavante mahapphalā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Hontīti sīlavā hoti, pūjāsakkārabhājanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sīlavantaṃ na bādhanti, āsavā diṭṭhadhammikā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samparāyikadukkhānaṃ, mūlaṃ khanati sīlavā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yā manussesu sampatti, yā ca devesu sampadā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na sā sampannasīlassa, icchato hoti dullabhā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Accantasantā <a name="V1.0056"></a> pana yā, ayaṃ nibbānasampadā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mano sampannasīlassa, tameva anudhāvati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sabbasampattimūlamhi<a name="M1.0056"></a>, sīlamhi iti paṇḍito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Anekākāravokāraṃ, ānisaṃsaṃ vibhāvayeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evañhi vibhāvayato sīlavipattito ubbijjitvā sīlasampattininnaṃ mānasaṃ hoti. Tasmā yathāvuttaṃ imaṃ sīlavipattiyā ādīnavaṃ imañca sīlasampattiyā ānisaṃsaṃ disvā sabbādarena sīlaṃ vodāpetabbanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā ca ‘‘sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño’’ti imissā gāthāya sīlasamādhipaññāmukhena desite visuddhimagge <span class="bld">sīlaṃ</span> tāva paridīpitaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge</p>
<p class="centered">Sīlaniddeso nāma paṭhamo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="chapter">2. Dhutaṅganiddeso</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para22"></a><span class="paranum">22</span>. Idāni <a name="M1.0057"></a><a name="V1.0057"></a> yehi appicchatāsantuṭṭhitādīhi guṇehi vuttappakārassa sīlassa vodānaṃ hoti, te guṇe sampādetuṃ yasmā samādinnasīlena yoginā dhutaṅgasamādānaṃ kātabbaṃ. Evañhissa appicchatāsantuṭṭhitāsallekhapavivekāpacayavīriyārambhasubharatādiguṇasalilavikkhālitamalaṃ sīlañceva suparisuddhaṃ bhavissati, vatāni ca sampajjissanti. Iti anavajjasīlabbataguṇaparisuddhasabbasamācāro porāṇe ariyavaṃsattaye patiṭṭhāya catutthassa bhāvanārāmatāsaṅkhātassa ariyavaṃsassa adhigamāraho bhavissati. Tasmā dhutaṅgakathaṃ ārabhissāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhagavatā hi pariccattalokāmisānaṃ kāye ca jīvite ca anapekkhānaṃ anulomapaṭipadaṃyeva ārādhetukāmānaṃ kulaputtānaṃ terasadhutaṅgāni anuññātāni. Seyyathidaṃ – paṃsukūlikaṅgaṃ, tecīvarikaṅgaṃ, piṇḍapātikaṅgaṃ, sapadānacārikaṅgaṃ, ekāsanikaṅgaṃ, pattapiṇḍikaṅgaṃ, khalupacchābhattikaṅgaṃ, āraññikaṅgaṃ, rukkhamūlikaṅgaṃ, abbhokāsikaṅgaṃ, sosānikaṅgaṃ, yathāsanthatikaṅgaṃ, nesajjikaṅganti. Tattha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Atthato lakkhaṇādīhi, samādānavidhānato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pabhedato bhedato ca, tassa tassānisaṃsato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kusalattikato ceva, dhutādīnaṃ vibhāgato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samāsabyāsato cāpi, viññātabbo vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para23"></a><span class="paranum">23</span>. Tattha <span class="bld">atthato</span>ti tāva rathikasusānasaṅkārakūṭādīnaṃ yattha katthaci paṃsūnaṃ upari ṭhitattā abbhuggataṭṭhena tesu tesu paṃsukūlamivāti paṃsukūlaṃ, atha vā paṃsu viya kucchitabhāvaṃ ulatīti paṃsukūlaṃ, kucchitabhāvaṃ gacchatīti vuttaṃ hoti. Evaṃ laddhanibbacanassa paṃsukūlassa dhāraṇaṃ paṃsukūlaṃ<a name="V1.0058"></a>, taṃ sīlamassāti <span class="bld">paṃsukūliko</span>. Paṃsukūlikassa aṅgaṃ <span class="bld">paṃsukūlikaṅgaṃ</span>. Aṅganti kāraṇaṃ vuccati. Tasmā yena samādānena so paṃsukūliko hoti, tassetaṃ adhivacananti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Eteneva nayena saṅghāṭiuttarāsaṅgaantaravāsakasaṅkhātaṃ ticīvaraṃ sīlamassāti <span class="bld">tecīvariko</span>. Tecīvarikassa aṅgaṃ <span class="bld">tecīvarikaṅgaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhikkhāsaṅkhātānaṃ <a name="M1.0058"></a> pana āmisapiṇḍānaṃ pātoti piṇḍapāto, parehi dinnānaṃ piṇḍānaṃ patte nipatananti vuttaṃ hoti. Taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ uñchati taṃ taṃ kulaṃ upasaṅkamanto gavesatīti <span class="bld">piṇḍapātiko</span>. Piṇḍāya vā patituṃ vatametassāti piṇḍapātī, patitunti carituṃ, piṇḍapātī eva piṇḍapātiko. Piṇḍapātikassa aṅgaṃ <span class="bld">piṇḍapātikaṅgaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dānaṃ vuccati avakhaṇḍanaṃ, apetaṃ dānatoti apadānaṃ, anavakhaṇḍananti attho. Saha apadānena sapadānaṃ, avakhaṇḍanarahitaṃ anugharanti vuttaṃ hoti. Sapadānaṃ carituṃ idamassa sīlanti sapadānacārī, sapadānacārī eva <span class="bld">sapadānacāriko</span>. Tassa aṅgaṃ <span class="bld">sapadānacārikaṅgaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekāsane bhojanaṃ ekāsanaṃ, taṃ sīlamassāti <span class="bld">ekāsaniko</span>. Tassa aṅgaṃ <span class="bld">ekāsanikaṅgaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dutiyabhājanassa paṭikkhittattā kevalaṃ ekasmiṃyeva patte piṇḍo pattapiṇḍo. Idāni pattapiṇḍagahaṇe pattapiṇḍasaññaṃ katvā pattapiṇḍo sīlamassāti <span class="bld">pattapiṇḍiko</span>. Tassa aṅgaṃ <span class="bld">pattapiṇḍikaṅgaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Khalū</span>ti paṭisedhanatthe nipāto. Pavāritena satā pacchā laddhaṃ bhattaṃ pacchābhattaṃ nāma, tassa pacchābhattassa bhojanaṃ pacchābhattabhojanaṃ, tasmiṃ pacchābhattabhojane pacchābhattasaññaṃ katvā pacchābhattaṃ sīlamassāti pacchābhattiko. Na pacchābhattiko <span class="bld">khalupacchābhattiko</span>. Samādānavasena paṭikkhittātirittabhojanassetaṃ nāmaṃ. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana vuttaṃ khalūti eko sakuṇo. So mukhena phalaṃ gahetvā tasmiṃ patite puna aññaṃ na khādati. Tādiso ayanti khalupacchābhattiko. Tassa aṅgaṃ <span class="bld">khalupacchābhattikaṅgaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Araññe <a name="V1.0059"></a> nivāso sīlamassāti <span class="bld">āraññiko</span>. Tassa aṅgaṃ <span class="bld">āraññikaṅgaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Rukkhamūle nivāso rukkhamūlaṃ, taṃ sīlamassāti <span class="bld">rukkhamūliko</span>. Rukkhamūlikassa aṅgaṃ <span class="bld">rukkhamūlikaṅgaṃ. Abbhokāsikasosānikaṅgesupi</span> eseva nayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadeva <a name="M1.0059"></a> santhataṃ yathāsanthataṃ, idaṃ tuyhaṃ pāpuṇātīti evaṃ paṭhamaṃ uddiṭṭhasenāsanassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Tasmiṃ yathāsanthate viharituṃ sīlamassāti <span class="bld">yathāsanthatiko</span>. Tassa aṅgaṃ <span class="bld">yathāsanthatikaṅgaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sayanaṃ paṭikkhipitvā nisajjāya viharituṃ sīlamassāti <span class="bld">nesajjiko</span>. Tassa aṅgaṃ <span class="bld">nesajjikaṅgaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbāneva panetāni tena tena samādānena dhutakilesattā dhutassa bhikkhuno aṅgāni, kilesadhunanato vā dhutanti laddhavohāraṃ ñāṇaṃ aṅgaṃ etesanti <span class="bld">dhutaṅgāni</span>. Atha vā dhutāni ca tāni paṭipakkhaniddhunanato aṅgāni ca paṭipattiyātipi <span class="bld">dhutaṅgāni</span>. Evaṃ tāvettha <span class="bld">atthato</span> viññātabbo vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbāneva panetāni samādānacetanālakkhaṇāni. Vuttampi cetaṃ ‘‘yo samādiyati, so puggalo. Yena samādiyati, cittacetasikā ete dhammā. Yā samādānacetanā, taṃ dhutaṅgaṃ. Yaṃ paṭikkhipati, taṃ vatthū’’ti. Sabbāneva ca loluppaviddhaṃsanarasāni, nilloluppabhāvapaccupaṭṭhānāni appicchatādiariyadhammapadaṭṭhānāni. Evamettha <span class="bld">lakkhaṇādīhi</span> veditabbo vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Samādānavidhānatotiādīsu pana pañcasu sabbāneva dhutaṅgāni dharamāne bhagavati bhagavatova santike samādātabbāni. Parinibbute mahāsāvakassa santike. Tasmiṃ asati khīṇāsavassa, anāgāmissa, sakadāgāmissa, sotāpannassa, tipiṭakassa, dvipiṭakassa, ekapiṭakassa, ekasaṅgītikassa, aṭṭhakathācariyassa. Tasmiṃ asati dhutaṅgadharassa, tasmimpi asati cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ sammajjitvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā sammāsambuddhassa santike vadantena viya <a name="V1.0060"></a> samādātabbāni, apica sayampi samādātuṃ vaṭṭati eva. Ettha ca cetiyapabbate dve bhātikattherānaṃ jeṭṭhakabhātu dhutaṅgappicchatāya vatthu kathetabbaṃ. Ayaṃ tāva sādhāraṇakathā.</p>
<p class="subhead">1. Paṃsukūlikaṅgakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para24"></a><span class="paranum">24</span>. Idāni ekekassa samādānavidhānappabhedabhedānisaṃse vaṇṇayissāma. <span class="bld">Paṃsukūlikaṅgaṃ</span> tāva ‘‘gahapatidānacīvaraṃ paṭikkhipāmi, paṃsukūlikaṅgaṃ samādiyāmī’’ti <a name="M1.0060"></a> imesu dvīsu vacanesu aññatarena samādinnaṃ hoti. Idaṃ tāvettha <span class="bld">samādānaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ samādinnadhutaṅgena pana tena sosānikaṃ, pāpaṇikaṃ, rathiyacoḷaṃ, saṅkāracoḷaṃ, sotthiyaṃ, nhānacoḷaṃ, titthacoḷaṃ, gatapaccāgataṃ, aggiḍaḍḍhaṃ, gokhāyitaṃ, upacikākhāyitaṃ, undūrakhāyitaṃ, antacchinnaṃ, dasācchinnaṃ, dhajāhaṭaṃ, thūpacīvaraṃ, samaṇacīvaraṃ, ābhisekikaṃ, iddhimayaṃ, panthikaṃ, vātāhaṭaṃ, devadattiyaṃ, sāmuddiyantietesu aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ gahetvā phāletvā dubbalaṭṭhānaṃ pahāya thiraṭṭhānāni dhovitvā cīvaraṃ katvā porāṇaṃ gahapaticīvaraṃ apanetvā paribhuñjitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">sosānika</span>nti susāne patitakaṃ. <span class="bld">Pāpaṇika</span>nti āpaṇadvāre patitakaṃ. <span class="bld">Rathiyacoḷa</span>nti puññatthikehi vātapānantarena rathikāya chaḍḍitacoḷakaṃ. <span class="bld">Saṅkāracoḷa</span>nti saṅkāraṭṭhāne chaḍḍitacoḷakaṃ. <span class="bld">Sotthiya</span>nti gabbhamalaṃ puñchitvā chaḍḍitavatthaṃ. Tissāmaccamātā kira satagghanakena vatthena gabbhamalaṃ puñchāpetvā paṃsukūlikā gaṇhissantīti tālaveḷimagge chaḍḍāpesi. Bhikkhū jiṇṇakaṭṭhānatthameva gaṇhanti. <span class="bld">Nhānacoḷa</span>nti yaṃ bhūtavejjehi sasīsaṃ nhāpitā kāḷakaṇṇicoḷanti chaḍḍetvā gacchanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Titthacoḷa</span>nti nhānatitthe chaḍḍitapilotikā. <span class="bld">Gatapaccāgata</span>nti yaṃ manussā susānaṃ gantvā paccāgatā nhatvā chaḍḍenti. <span class="bld">Aggiḍaḍḍha</span>nti agginā ḍaḍḍhappadesaṃ. Tañhi manussā chaḍḍenti. <span class="bld">Gokhāyitādī</span>ni pākaṭāneva. Tādisānipi hi manussā chaḍḍenti. <span class="bld">Dhajāhaṭa</span>nti nāvaṃ ārohantā dhajaṃ bandhitvā ārūhanti. Taṃ tesaṃ dassanātikkame gahetuṃ vaṭṭati. Yampi yuddhabhūmiyaṃ dhajaṃ bandhitvā ṭhapitaṃ, taṃ dvinnampi senānaṃ gatakāle gahetuṃ vaṭṭati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Thūpacīvara</span>nti <a name="V1.0061"></a> vammikaṃ parikkhipitvā balikammaṃ kataṃ. <span class="bld">Samaṇacīvara</span>nti bhikkhusantakaṃ. <span class="bld">Ābhisekika</span>nti rañño abhisekaṭṭhāne chaḍḍitacīvaraṃ. <span class="bld">Iddhimaya</span>nti ehibhikkhucīvaraṃ. <span class="bld">Panthika</span>nti antarāmagge patitakaṃ. Yaṃ pana sāmikānaṃ satisammosena patitaṃ, taṃ thokaṃ rakkhitvā gahetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Vātāhaṭa</span>nti vātena paharitvā dūre pātitaṃ, taṃ pana sāmike apassantena <a name="M1.0061"></a> gahetuṃ vaṭṭati. <span class="bld">Devadattiya</span>nti anuruddhattherassa viya devatāhi dinnakaṃ. <span class="bld">Sāmuddiya</span>nti samuddavīcīhi thale ussāritaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yaṃ pana saṅghassa demāti dinnaṃ, coḷakabhikkhāya vā caramānehi laddhaṃ, na taṃ paṃsukūlaṃ. Bhikkhudattiyepi yaṃ vassaggena gāhetvā vā dīyati, senāsanacīvaraṃ vā hoti, na taṃ paṃsukūlaṃ. No gāhāpetvā dinnameva paṃsukūlaṃ. Tatrapi yaṃ dāyakehi bhikkhussa pādamūle nikkhittaṃ, tena pana bhikkhunā paṃsukūlikassa hatthe ṭhapetvā dinnaṃ, taṃ ekatosuddhikaṃ nāma. Yaṃ bhikkhuno hatthe ṭhapetvā dinnaṃ, tena pana pādamūle ṭhapitaṃ, tampi ekatosuddhikaṃ. Yaṃ bhikkhunopi pādamūle ṭhapitaṃ, tenāpi tatheva dinnaṃ, taṃ ubhatosuddhikaṃ. Yaṃ hatthe ṭhapetvā laddhaṃ, hattheyeva ṭhapitaṃ, taṃ anukkaṭṭhacīvaraṃ nāma. Iti imaṃ paṃsukūlabhedaṃ ñatvā paṃsukūlikena cīvaraṃ paribhuñjitabbanti idamettha <span class="bld">vidhānaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana <span class="bld">pabhedo,</span> tayo paṃsukūlikā ukkaṭṭho majjhimo mudūti. Tattha sosānikaṃyeva gaṇhanto <span class="bld">ukkaṭṭho</span> hoti. Pabbajitā gaṇhissantīti ṭhapitakaṃ gaṇhanto <span class="bld">majjhimo</span>. Pādamūle ṭhapetvā dinnakaṃ gaṇhanto <span class="bld">mudū</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tesu yassa kassaci attano ruciyā gihidinnakaṃ sāditakkhaṇe dhutaṅgaṃ bhijjati. Ayamettha <span class="bld">bhedo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ayaṃ panānisaṃso,</span> ‘‘paṃsukūlacīvaraṃ nissāya pabbajjā’’ti (mahāva. 128) vacanato nissayānurūpapaṭipattisabbhāvo, paṭhame ariyavaṃse patiṭṭhānaṃ, ārakkhadukkhābhāvo, aparāyattavuttitā, corabhayena abhayatā, paribhogataṇhāya abhāvo, samaṇasāruppaparikkhāratā, ‘‘appāni ceva sulabhāni ca tāni ca anavajjānī’’ti (a. ni. 4.27; itivu. 101) bhagavatā saṃvaṇṇitapaccayatā, pāsādikatā, appicchatādīnaṃ phalanipphatti, sammāpaṭipattiyā anubrūhanaṃ, pacchimāya janatāya diṭṭhānugatiāpādananti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Mārasenavighātāya<a name="V1.0062"></a>, paṃsukūladharo yati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sannaddhakavaco yuddhe, khattiyo viya sobhati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pahāya <a name="M1.0062"></a> kāsikādīni, varavatthāni dhāritaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yaṃ lokagarunā ko taṃ, paṃsukūlaṃ na dhāraye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā hi attano bhikkhu, paṭiññaṃ samanussaraṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yogācārānukūlamhi, paṃsukūle rato siyāti.</p>
<p class="centered">Ayaṃ tāva paṃsukūlikaṅge samādānavidhānappabhedabhedānisaṃsavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">2. Tecīvarikaṅgakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para25"></a><span class="paranum">25</span>. Tadanantaraṃ pana <span class="bld">tecīvarikaṅgaṃ</span> ‘‘catutthakacīvaraṃ paṭikkhipāmi, tecīvarikaṅgaṃ samādiyāmī’’ti imesaṃ aññataravacanena samādinnaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tena pana tecīvarikena cīvaradussaṃ labhitvā yāva aphāsukabhāvena kātuṃ vā na sakkoti, vicārakaṃ vā na labhati, sūciādīsu vāssa kiñci na sampajjati, tāva nikkhipitabbaṃ. Nikkhittapaccayā doso natthi. Rajitakālato pana paṭṭhāya nikkhipituṃ na vaṭṭati, dhutaṅgacoro nāma hoti. Idamassa <span class="bld">vidhānaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pabhedato</span> pana ayampi tividho hoti. Tattha <span class="bld">ukkaṭṭhena</span> rajanakāle paṭhamaṃ antaravāsakaṃ vā uttarāsaṅgaṃ vā rajitvā taṃ nivāsetvā itaraṃ rajitabbaṃ. Taṃ pārupitvā saṅghāṭi rajitabbā. Saṅghāṭiṃ pana nivāsetuṃ na vaṭṭati. Idamassa gāmantasenāsane vattaṃ. Āraññake pana dve ekato dhovitvā rajituṃ vaṭṭati. Yathā pana kañci disvā sakkoti kāsāvaṃ ākaḍḍhitvā uparikātuṃ, evaṃ āsanne ṭhāne nisīditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Majjhimassa</span> rajanasālāyaṃ rajanakāsāvaṃ nāma hoti, taṃ nivāsetvā vā pārupitvā vā rajanakammaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati. <span class="bld">Mudukassa</span> sabhāgabhikkhūnaṃ cīvarāni nivāsetvā vā pārupitvā vā rajanakammaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Tatraṭṭhakapaccattharaṇampi <a name="V1.0063"></a> tassa vaṭṭati. Pariharituṃ pana na vaṭṭati. Sabhāgabhikkhūnaṃ cīvarampi antarantarā paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati. Dhutaṅgatecīvarikassa pana catutthaṃ vattamānaṃ aṃsakāsāvameva vaṭṭati. Tañca kho vitthārato vidatthi, dīghato tihatthameva vaṭṭati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imesaṃ pana tiṇṇampi catutthakacīvaraṃ sāditakkhaṇeyeva dhutaṅgaṃ bhijjati. Ayamettha <span class="bld">bhedo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ayaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0063"></a> <span class="bld">panānisaṃso,</span> tecīvariko bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti kāyaparihārikena cīvarena. Tenassa pakkhino viya samādāyeva gamanaṃ, appasamārambhatā, vatthasannidhiparivajjanaṃ, sallahukavuttitā, atirekacīvaraloluppappahānaṃ, kappiye mattakāritāya sallekhavuttitā, appicchatādīnaṃ phalanipphattīti evamādayo guṇā sampajjantīti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Atirekavatthataṇhaṃ, pahāya sannidhivivajjito dhīro;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Santosasukharasaññū, ticīvaradharo bhavati yogī.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā sapattacaraṇo, pakkhīva sacīvarova yogivaro;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sukhamanuvicaritukāmo, cīvaraniyame ratiṃ kayirāti.</p>
<p class="centered">Ayaṃ tecīvarikaṅge samādānavidhānappabhedabhedānisaṃsavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">3. Piṇḍapātikaṅgakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para26"></a><span class="paranum">26</span>. <span class="bld">Piṇḍapātikaṅgampi</span> ‘‘atirekalābhaṃ paṭikkhipāmi, piṇḍapātikaṅgaṃ samādiyāmī’’ti imesaṃ aññataravacanena samādinnaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tena pana piṇḍapātikena ‘‘saṅghabhattaṃ, uddesabhattaṃ, nimantanabhattaṃ, salākabhattaṃ, pakkhikaṃ, uposathikaṃ, pāṭipadikaṃ, āgantukabhattaṃ, gamikabhattaṃ, gilānabhattaṃ, gilānupaṭṭhākabhattaṃ, vihārabhattaṃ, dhurabhattaṃ, vārakabhatta’’nti etāni cuddasa bhattāni na sāditabbāni. Sace pana ‘‘saṅghabhattaṃ gaṇhathā’’tiādinā nayena avatvā ‘‘amhākaṃ gehe saṅgho bhikkhaṃ gaṇhātu, tumhepi bhikkhaṃ <a name="V1.0064"></a> gaṇhathā’’ti vatvā dinnāni honti, tāni sādituṃ vaṭṭanti. Saṅghato nirāmisasalākāpi vihāre pakkabhattampi vaṭṭatiyevāti idamassa <span class="bld">vidhānaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pabhedato</span> pana ayampi tividho hoti. Tattha <span class="bld">ukkaṭṭho</span> puratopi pacchatopi āhaṭabhikkhaṃ gaṇhati, pattadvāre ṭhatvā pattaṃ gaṇhantānampi deti, paṭikkamanaṃ āharitvā dinnabhikkhampi gaṇhati, taṃ divasaṃ pana nisīditvā bhikkhaṃ na gaṇhati. <span class="bld">Majjhimo</span> taṃ divasaṃ nisīditvāpi gaṇhati, svātanāya pana nādhivāseti. <span class="bld">Muduko</span>svātanāyapi punadivasāyapi bhikkhaṃ adhivāseti. Te ubhopi serivihārasukhaṃ na labhanti, ukkaṭṭhova labhati. Ekasmiṃ kira <a name="M1.0064"></a> gāme ariyavaṃso hoti, ukkaṭṭho itare āha – ‘‘āyāmāvuso, dhammasavanāyā’’ti. Tesu eko ekenamhi, bhante, manussena nisīdāpitoti āha. Aparo mayā, bhante, svātanāya ekassa bhikkhā adhivāsitāti. Evaṃ te ubho parihīnā. Itaro pātova piṇḍāya caritvā gantvā dhammarasaṃ paṭisaṃvedesi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imesaṃ pana tiṇṇampi saṅghabhattādiatirekalābhaṃ sāditakkhaṇeva dhutaṅgaṃ bhijjati. Ayamettha <span class="bld">bhedo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ayaṃ panānisaṃso,</span> ‘‘piṇḍiyālopabhojanaṃ nissāya pabbajjā’’ti (a. ni. 4.27; itivu. 101) vacanato nissayānurūpapaṭipattisabbhāvo, dutiye ariyavaṃse patiṭṭhānaṃ, aparāyattavuttitā, ‘‘appāni ceva sulabhāni ca tāni ca anavajjānī’’ti bhagavatā saṃvaṇṇitapaccayatā, kosajjanimmaddanatā, parisuddhājīvatā, sekhiyapaṭipattipūraṇaṃ, aparapositā, parānuggahakiriyā, mānappahānaṃ, rasataṇhānivāraṇaṃ, gaṇabhojanaparamparabhojanacārittasikkhāpadehi anāpattitā, appicchatādīnaṃ anulomavuttitā, sammāpaṭipattibrūhanaṃ, pacchimajanatānukampananti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Piṇḍiyālopasantuṭṭho, aparāyattajīviko;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pahīnāhāraloluppo, hoti cātuddiso yati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vinodayati <a name="V1.0065"></a> kosajjaṃ, ājīvassa visujjhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā hi nātimaññeyya, bhikkhācariyāya sumedhaso.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evarūpassa hi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Piṇḍapātikassa bhikkhuno,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Attabharassa anaññaposino;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Devāpi pihayanti tādino,</p>
<p class="gathalast">No ce lābhasilokanissito’’ti.</p>
<p class="centered">Ayaṃ piṇḍapātikaṅge samādānavidhānappabhedabhedānisaṃsavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">4. Sapadānacārikaṅgakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para27"></a><span class="paranum">27</span>. <span class="bld">Sapadānacārikaṅgampi</span> <a name="M1.0065"></a> ‘‘loluppacāraṃ paṭikkhipāmi, sapadānacārikaṅgaṃ samādiyāmī’’ti imesaṃ aññataravacanena samādinnaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tena pana sapadānacārikena gāmadvāre ṭhatvā parissayābhāvo sallakkhetabbo. Yassā racchāya vā gāme vā parissayo hoti, taṃ pahāya aññattha carituṃ vaṭṭati. Yasmiṃ gharadvāre vā racchāya vā gāme vā kiñci na labhati, agāmasaññaṃ katvā gantabbaṃ. Yattha kiñci labhati, taṃ pahāya gantuṃ na vaṭṭati. Iminā ca bhikkhunā kālataraṃ pavisitabbaṃ, evañhi aphāsukaṭṭhānaṃ pahāya aññattha gantuṃ sakkhissati. Sace panassa vihāre dānaṃ dentā antarāmagge vā āgacchantā manussā pattaṃ gahetvā piṇḍapātaṃ denti vaṭṭati. Iminā ca maggaṃ gacchantenāpi bhikkhācāravelāyaṃ sampattagāmaṃ anatikkamitvā caritabbameva. Tattha alabhitvā vā thokaṃ labhitvā vā gāmapaṭipāṭiyā caritabbanti idamassa <span class="bld">vidhānaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pabhedato</span> pana ayampi tividho hoti. Tattha <span class="bld">ukkaṭṭho</span> purato āhaṭabhikkhampi pacchato āhaṭabhikkhampi paṭikkamanaṃ āharitvā diyyamānampi na gaṇhati, pattadvāre pana pattaṃ vissajjeti<a name="V1.0066"></a>. Imasmiñhi dhutaṅge mahākassapattherena sadiso nāma natthi. Tassapi pattavissaṭṭhaṭṭhānameva paññāyati. <span class="bld">Majjhimo</span> purato vā pacchato vā āhaṭampi paṭikkamanaṃ āhaṭampi gaṇhati, pattadvārepi pattaṃ vissajjeti, na pana bhikkhaṃ āgamayamāno nisīdati. Evaṃ so ukkaṭṭhapiṇḍapātikassa anulometi. <span class="bld">Muduko</span> taṃ divasaṃ nisīditvā āgameti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imesaṃ pana tiṇṇampi loluppacāre uppannamatte dhutaṅgaṃ bhijjati. Ayamettha <span class="bld">bhedo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ayaṃ panānisaṃso,</span> kulesu niccanavakatā, candūpamatā, kulamaccherappahānaṃ, samānukampitā, kulūpakādīnavābhāvo, avhānānabhinandanā, abhihārena anatthikatā, appicchatādīnaṃ anulomavuttitāti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Candūpamo <a name="M1.0066"></a> niccanavo kulesu,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Amaccharī sabbasamānukampo;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Kulūpakādīnavavippamutto,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Hotīdha bhikkhu sapadānacārī.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Loluppacārañca pahāya tasmā,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Okkhittacakkhu yugamattadassī;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Ākaṅkhamāno bhuvi sericāraṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Careyya dhīro sapadānacāranti.</p>
<p class="centered">Ayaṃ sapadānacārikaṅge samādānavidhānappabhedabhedānisaṃsavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">5. Ekāsanikaṅgakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para28"></a><span class="paranum">28</span>. <span class="bld">Ekāsanikaṅgampi</span> ‘‘nānāsanabhojanaṃ paṭikkhipāmi, ekāsanikaṅgaṃ samādiyāmī’’ti imesaṃ aññataravacanena samādinnaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tena <a name="V1.0067"></a> pana ekāsanikena āsanasālāyaṃ nisīdantena therāsane anisīditvā ‘‘idaṃ mayhaṃ pāpuṇissatī’’ti patirūpaṃ āsanaṃ sallakkhetvā nisīditabbaṃ. Sacassa vippakate bhojane ācariyo vā upajjhāyo vā āgacchati, uṭṭhāya vattaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Tipiṭakacūḷābhayatthero panāha ‘‘āsanaṃ vā rakkheyya bhojanaṃ vā, ayañca vippakatabhojano, tasmā vattaṃ karotu, bhojanaṃ pana mā bhuñjatū’’ti. Idamassa <span class="bld">vidhānaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pabhedato</span> pana ayampi tividho hoti. Tattha <span class="bld">ukkaṭṭho</span> appaṃ vā hotu bahu vā, yamhi bhojane hatthaṃ otāreti, tato aññaṃ gaṇhituṃ na labhati. Sacepi manussā ‘‘therena na kiñci bhutta’’nti sappiādīni āharanti, bhesajjatthameva vaṭṭanti, na āhāratthaṃ. <span class="bld">Majjhimo</span> yāva patte bhattaṃ na khīyati, tāva aññaṃ gaṇhituṃ labhati. Ayañhi bhojanapariyantiko nāma hoti. <span class="bld">Muduko</span> yāva āsanā na vuṭṭhāti tāva bhuñjituṃ labhati. So hi udakapariyantiko vā hoti yāva pattadhovanaṃ na gaṇhāti tāva bhuñjanato, āsanapariyantiko vā yāva na vuṭṭhāti tāva bhuñjanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imesaṃ <a name="M1.0067"></a> pana tiṇṇampi nānāsanabhojanaṃ bhuttakkhaṇe dhutaṅgaṃ bhijjati. Ayamettha <span class="bld">bhedo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ayaṃ panānisaṃso,</span> appābādhatā, appātaṅkatā, lahuṭṭhānaṃ, balaṃ, phāsuvihāro, anatirittapaccayā anāpatti, rasataṇhāvinodanaṃ appicchatādīnaṃ anulomavuttitāti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ekāsanabhojane rataṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Na yatiṃ bhojanapaccayā rujā;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Visahanti rase alolupo,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Parihāpeti na kammamattano.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Iti phāsuvihārakāraṇe,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sucisallekharatūpasevite;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Janayetha visuddhamānaso,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ratimekāsanabhojane yatīti.</p>
<p class="centered">Ayaṃ ekāsanikaṅge samādānavidhānappabhedabhedānisaṃsavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">6. Pattapiṇḍikaṅgakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para29"></a><span class="paranum">29</span>. <span class="bld">Pattapiṇḍikaṅgampi</span> <a name="V1.0068"></a> ‘‘dutiyakabhājanaṃ paṭikkhipāmi, pattapiṇḍikaṅgaṃ samādiyāmī’’ti imesaṃ aññataravacanena samādinnaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tena pana pattapiṇḍikena yāgupānakāle bhājane ṭhapetvā byañjane laddhe byañjanaṃ vā paṭhamaṃ khāditabbaṃ, yāgu vā pātabbā. Sace pana yāguyaṃ pakkhipati, pūtimacchakādimhi byañjane pakkhitte yāgu paṭikūlā hoti, appaṭikūlameva ca katvā bhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati. Tasmā tathārūpaṃ byañjanaṃ sandhāya idaṃ vuttaṃ. Yaṃ pana madhusakkarādikaṃ appaṭikūlaṃ hoti, taṃ pakkhipitabbaṃ. Gaṇhantena ca pamāṇayuttameva gaṇhitabbaṃ. Āmakasākaṃ hatthena gahetvā khādituṃ vaṭṭati. Tathā pana akatvā patteyeva pakkhipitabbaṃ. Dutiyakabhājanassa pana paṭikkhittattā aññaṃ rukkhapaṇṇampi na vaṭṭatīti idamassa <span class="bld">vidhānaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pabhedato</span> pana ayampi tividho hoti. Tattha <span class="bld">ukkaṭṭhassa</span> aññatra ucchukhādanakālā kacavarampi chaḍḍetuṃ na vaṭṭati. Odanapiṇḍamacchamaṃsapūvepi bhinditvā <a name="M1.0068"></a> khādituṃ na vaṭṭati. <span class="bld">Majjhimassa</span> ekena hatthena bhinditvā khādituṃ vaṭṭati, hatthayogī nāmesa. <span class="bld">Muduko</span> pana pattayogī nāma hoti, tassa yaṃ sakkā hoti patte pakkhipituṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ hatthena vā dantehi vā bhinditvā khādituṃ vaṭṭati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imesaṃ pana tiṇṇampi dutiyakabhājanaṃ sāditakkhaṇe dhutaṅgaṃ bhijjati. Ayamettha <span class="bld">bhedo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ayaṃ panānisaṃso,</span> nānārasataṇhāvinodanaṃ. Atricchatāya pahānaṃ, āhāre payojanamattadassitā, thālakādipariharaṇakhedābhāvo, avikkhittabhojitā, appicchatādīnaṃ anulomavuttitāti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nānābhājanavikkhepaṃ, hitvā okkhittalocano;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Khaṇanto viya mūlāni, rasataṇhāya subbato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sarūpaṃ <a name="V1.0069"></a> viya santuṭṭhiṃ, dhārayanto sumānaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paribhuñjeyya āhāraṃ, ko añño pattapiṇḍikoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pattapiṇḍikaṅge samādānavidhānappabhedabhedānisaṃsavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">7. Khalupacchābhattikaṅgakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para30"></a><span class="paranum">30</span>. <span class="bld">Khalupacchābhattikaṅgampi</span> ‘‘atirittabhojanaṃ paṭikkhipāmi, khalupacchābhattikaṅgaṃ samādiyāmī’’ti imesaṃ aññataravacanena samādinnaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tena pana khalupacchābhattikena pavāretvā puna bhojanaṃ kappiyaṃ kāretvā na bhuñjitabbaṃ. Idamassa <span class="bld">vidhānaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pabhedato</span> pana ayampi tividho hoti. Tattha <span class="bld">ukkaṭṭho</span> yasmā paṭhamapiṇḍe pavāraṇā nāma natthi, tasmiṃ pana ajjhohariyamāne aññaṃ paṭikkhipato hoti, tasmā evaṃ pavārito paṭhamapiṇḍaṃ ajjhoharitvā dutiyapiṇḍaṃ na bhuñjati. <span class="bld">Majjhimo</span> yasmiṃ bhojane pavārito, tadeva bhuñjati. <span class="bld">Muduko</span> pana yāva āsanā na vuṭṭhāti tāva bhuñjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imesaṃ pana tiṇṇampi pavāritānaṃ kappiyaṃ kārāpetvā bhuttakkhaṇe dhutaṅgaṃ bhijjati. Ayamettha <span class="bld">bhedo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ayaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0069"></a> <span class="bld">panānisaṃso,</span> anatirittabhojanāpattiyā dūrabhāvo, odarikattābhāvo, nirāmisasannidhitā, puna pariyesanāya abhāvo, appicchatādīnaṃ anulomavuttitāti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pariyesanāya khedaṃ, na yāti na karoti sannidhiṃ dhīro;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Odarikattaṃ pajahati, khalupacchābhattiko yogī.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā <a name="V1.0070"></a> sugatapasatthaṃ, santosaguṇādivuḍḍhisañjananaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dose vidhunitukāmo, bhajeyya yogī dhutaṅgamidanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ khalupacchābhattikaṅge samādānavidhānappabhedabhedānisaṃsavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">8. Āraññikaṅgakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para31"></a><span class="paranum">31</span>. <span class="bld">Āraññikaṅgampi</span> ‘‘gāmantasenāsanaṃ paṭikkhipāmi, āraññikaṅgaṃ samādiyāmī’’ti imesaṃ aññataravacanena samādinnaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tena pana āraññikena gāmantasenāsanaṃ pahāya araññe aruṇaṃ uṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Tattha saddhiṃ upacārena gāmoyeva <span class="bld">gāmantasenāsanaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Gāmo</span> nāma yo koci ekakuṭiko vā anekakuṭiko vā parikkhitto vā aparikkhitto vā samanusso vā amanusso vā antamaso atirekacātumāsaniviṭṭho yo koci satthopi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Gāmūpacāro</span> nāma parikkhittassa gāmassa sace anurādhapurasseva dve indakhīlā honti, abbhantarime indakhīle ṭhitassa thāmamajjhimassa purisassa leḍḍupāto. Tassa lakkhaṇaṃ yathā taruṇamanussā attano balaṃ dassentā bāhaṃ pasāretvā leḍḍuṃ khipanti, evaṃ khittassa leḍḍussa patanaṭṭhānabbhantaranti vinayadharā. Suttantikā pana kākanivāraṇaniyamena khittassāti vadanti. Aparikkhittagāme yaṃ sabbapaccantimassa gharassa dvāre ṭhito mātugāmo bhājanena udakaṃ chaḍḍeti, tassa patanaṭṭhānaṃ gharūpacāro. Tato vuttanayena eko leḍḍupāto gāmo, dutiyo gāmūpacāro.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Araññaṃ</span> pana vinayapariyāye tāva ‘‘ṭhapetvā gāmañca gāmūpacārañca sabbametaṃ arañña’’nti (pārā. 92) vuttaṃ. Abhidhammapariyāye ‘‘nikkhamitvā bahi indakhīlā, sabbametaṃ <a name="M1.0070"></a> arañña’’nti (vibha. 529) vuttaṃ. Imasmiṃ pana suttantikapariyāye ‘‘āraññakaṃ nāma senāsanaṃ pañcadhanusatikaṃ pacchima’’nti idaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ. Taṃ āropitena ācariyadhanunā parikkhittassa gāmassa <a name="V1.0071"></a> indakhīlato aparikkhittassa paṭhamaleḍḍupātato paṭṭhāya yāva vihāraparikkhepā minitvā vavatthapetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sace pana vihāro aparikkhitto hoti, yaṃ sabbapaṭhamaṃ senāsanaṃ vā bhattasālā vā dhuvasannipātaṭṭhānaṃ vā bodhi vā cetiyaṃ vā dūre cepi senāsanato hoti, taṃ paricchedaṃ katvā minitabbanti <span class="bld">vinayaṭṭhakathāsu</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Majjhimaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> pana vihārassapi gāmasseva upacāraṃ nīharitvā ubhinnaṃ leḍḍupātānaṃ antarā minitabbanti vuttaṃ. Idamettha pamāṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sacepi āsanne gāmo hoti, vihāre ṭhitehi mānusakānaṃ saddo suyyati, pabbatanadīādīhi pana antaritattā na sakkā ujuṃ gantuṃ. Yo tassa pakatimaggo hoti, sacepi nāvāya sañcaritabbo, tena maggena pañcadhanusatikaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Yo pana āsannagāmassa aṅgasampādanatthaṃ tato tato maggaṃ pidahati, ayaṃ dhutaṅgacoro hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sace pana āraññikassa bhikkhuno upajjhāyo vā ācariyo vā gilāno hoti, tena araññe sappāyaṃ alabhantena gāmantasenāsanaṃ netvā upaṭṭhātabbo. Kālasseva pana nikkhamitvā aṅgayuttaṭṭhāne aruṇaṃ uṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Sace aruṇuṭṭhānavelāyaṃ tesaṃ ābādho vaḍḍhati, tesaṃyeva kiccaṃ kātabbaṃ. Na dhutaṅgasuddhikena bhavitabbanti idamassa <span class="bld">vidhānaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pabhedato</span> pana ayampi tividho hoti. Tattha <span class="bld">ukkaṭṭhena</span> sabbakālaṃ araññe aruṇaṃ uṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Majjhimo</span> cattāro vassike māse gāmante vasituṃ labhati. <span class="bld">Muduko</span> hemantikepi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imesaṃ pana tiṇṇampi yathā paricchinne kāle araññato āgantvā gāmantasenāsane dhammassavanaṃ suṇantānaṃ aruṇe uṭṭhitepi dhutaṅgaṃ na bhijjati. Sutvā gacchantānaṃ antarāmagge uṭṭhitepi na bhijjati. Sace pana uṭṭhitepi dhammakathike muhuttaṃ nipajjitvā gamissāmāti niddāyantānaṃ aruṇaṃ uṭṭhahati, attano vā ruciyā gāmantasenāsane aruṇaṃ uṭṭhapenti, dhutaṅgaṃ bhijjatīti ayamettha <span class="bld">bhedo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ayaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0071"></a> <span class="bld">panānisaṃso,</span> āraññiko bhikkhu araññasaññaṃ manasikaronto bhabbo aladdhaṃ vā <a name="V1.0072"></a> samādhiṃ paṭiladdhuṃ laddhaṃ vā rakkhituṃ, satthāpissa attamano hoti. Yathāha – ‘‘tenāhaṃ, nāgita, tassa bhikkhuno attamano homi araññavihārenā’’ti (a. ni. 6.42; 8.86). Pantasenāsanavāsino cassa asappāyarūpādayo cittaṃ na vikkhipanti, vigatasantāso hoti, jīvitanikantiṃ jahati, pavivekasukharasaṃ assādeti, paṃsukūlikādibhāvopi cassa patirūpo hotīti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pavivitto asaṃsaṭṭho, pantasenāsane rato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ārādhayanto nāthassa, vanavāsena mānasaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Eko araññe nivasaṃ, yaṃ sukhaṃ labhate yati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Rasaṃ tassa na vindanti, api devā saindakā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Paṃsukūlañca esova, kavacaṃ viya dhārayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Araññasaṅgāmagato, avasesadhutāyudho.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Samattho nacirasseva, jetuṃ māraṃ savāhiniṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā araññavāsamhi, ratiṃ kayirātha paṇḍitoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ āraññikaṅge samādānavidhānappabhedabhedānisaṃsavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">9. Rukkhamūlikaṅgakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para32"></a><span class="paranum">32</span>. <span class="bld">Rukkhamūlikaṅgampi</span> ‘‘channaṃ paṭikkhipāmi, rukkhamūlikaṅgaṃ samādiyāmī’’ti imesaṃ aññataravacanena samādinnaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tena pana rukkhamūlikena sīmantarikarukkhaṃ, cetiyarukkhaṃ, niyyāsarukkhaṃ, phalarukkhaṃ, vaggulirukkhaṃ, susirarukkhaṃ, vihāramajjhe ṭhitarukkhanti ime rukkhe vivajjetvā vihārapaccante ṭhitarukkho gahetabboti idamassa <span class="bld">vidhānaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pabhedato</span> pana ayampi tividho hoti. Tattha <span class="bld">ukkaṭṭho</span> yathārucitaṃ rukkhaṃ gahetvā paṭijaggāpetuṃ na labhati. Pādena paṇṇasaṭaṃ apanetvā vasitabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Majjhimo</span> taṃ ṭhānaṃ sampattehiyeva paṭijaggāpetuṃ labhati. <span class="bld">Mudukena</span> ārāmikasamaṇuddese pakkositvā sodhāpetvā samaṃ kārāpetvā <a name="V1.0073"></a> vālukaṃ okirāpetvā pākāraparikkhepaṃ kārāpetvā dvāraṃ <a name="M1.0072"></a> yojāpetvā vasitabbaṃ. Mahadivase pana rukkhamūlikena tattha anisīditvā aññattha paṭicchanne ṭhāne nisīditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imesaṃ pana tiṇṇampi channe vāsaṃ kappitakkhaṇe dhutaṅgaṃ bhijjati. Jānitvā channe aruṇaṃ uṭṭhāpitamatteti <span class="bld">aṅguttarabhāṇakā</span>. Ayamettha <span class="bld">bhedo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ayaṃ panānisaṃso,</span> rukkhamūlasenāsanaṃ nissāya pabbajjāti (mahāva. 128) vacanato nissayānurūpapaṭipattisabbhāvo, appāni ceva sulabhāni ca tāni ca anavajjānīti (a. ni. 4.27; itivu. 101) bhagavatā saṃvaṇṇitapaccayatā, abhiṇhaṃ tarupaṇṇavikāradassanena aniccasaññāsamuṭṭhāpanatā, senāsanamaccherakammārāmatānaṃ abhāvo, devatāhi sahavāsitā, appicchatādīnaṃ anulomavuttitāti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vaṇṇito buddhaseṭṭhena, nissayoti ca bhāsito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nivāso pavivittassa, rukkhamūlasamo kuto.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Āvāsamaccherahare, devatā paripālite;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pavivitte vasanto hi, rukkhamūlamhi subbato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Abhirattāni nīlāni, paṇḍūni patitāni ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Passanto tarupaṇṇāni, niccasaññaṃ panūdati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā hi buddhadāyajjaṃ, bhāvanābhiratālayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vivittaṃ nātimaññeyya, rukkhamūlaṃ vicakkhaṇoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ rukkhamūlikaṅge samādānavidhānappabhedabhedānisaṃsavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">10. Abbhokāsikaṅgakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para33"></a><span class="paranum">33</span>. <span class="bld">Abbhokāsikaṅgampi</span> <a name="V1.0074"></a> ‘‘channañca rukkhamūlañca paṭikkhipāmi, abbhokāsikaṅgaṃ samādiyāmī’’ti imesaṃ aññataravacanena samādinnaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassa pana abbhokāsikassa dhammassavanāya vā uposathatthāya vā uposathāgāraṃ pavisituṃ vaṭṭati. Sace paviṭṭhassa devo vassati, deve vassamāne anikkhamitvā vassūparame nikkhamitabbaṃ. Bhojanasālaṃ vā aggisālaṃ vā pavisitvā vattaṃ kātuṃ, bhojanasālāya there bhikkhū bhattena āpucchituṃ, uddisantena vā uddisāpentena vā channaṃ pavisituṃ, bahi dunnikkhittāni mañcapīṭhādīni anto pavesetuñca vaṭṭati. Sace maggaṃ gacchantena vuḍḍhatarānaṃ <a name="M1.0073"></a> parikkhāro gahito hoti, deve vassante maggamajjhe ṭhitaṃ sālaṃ pavisituṃ vaṭṭati. Sace na kiñci gahitaṃ hoti, sālāya ṭhassāmīti vegena gantuṃ na vaṭṭati. Pakatigatiyā gantvā paviṭṭhena pana yāva vassūparamā ṭhatvā gantabbanti idamassa <span class="bld">vidhānaṃ. Rukkhamūlikassā</span>pi eseva nayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pabhedato</span> pana ayampi tividho hoti. Tattha <span class="bld">ukkaṭṭhassa</span> rukkhaṃ vā pabbataṃ vā gehaṃ vā upanissāya vasituṃ na vaṭṭati. Abbhokāseyeva cīvarakuṭiṃ katvā vasitabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Majjhimassa</span> rukkhapabbatagehāni upanissāya anto appavisitvā vasituṃ vaṭṭati. <span class="bld">Mudukassa</span> acchannamariyādaṃ pabbhārampi sākhāmaṇḍapopi pīṭhapaṭopi khettarakkhakādīhi chaḍḍitā tatraṭṭhakakuṭikāpi vaṭṭatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imesaṃ pana tiṇṇampi vāsatthāya channaṃ vā rukkhamūlaṃ vā paviṭṭhakkhaṇe dhutaṅgaṃ bhijjati. Jānitvā tattha aruṇaṃ uṭṭhāpitamatteti aṅguttarabhāṇakā. Ayamettha <span class="bld">bhedo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ayaṃ panānisaṃso,</span> āvāsapalibodhupacchedo, thinamiddhapanūdanaṃ, ‘‘migā viya asaṅgacārino, aniketā viharanti bhikkhavo’’ti (saṃ. ni. 1.224) pasaṃsāya anurūpatā, nissaṅgatā, cātuddisatā, appicchatādīnaṃ anulomavuttitāti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Anagāriyabhāvassa<a name="V1.0075"></a>, anurūpe adullabhe;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tārāmaṇivitānamhi, candadīpappabhāsite.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Abbhokāse vasaṃ bhikkhu, migabhūtena cetasā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Thinamiddhaṃ vinodetvā, bhāvanārāmataṃ sito.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pavivekarasassādaṃ, nacirasseva vindati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yasmā tasmā hi sappañño, abbhokāsarato siyāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ abbhokāsikaṅge samādānavidhānappabhedabhedānisaṃsavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">11. Sosānikaṅgakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para34"></a><span class="paranum">34</span>. <span class="bld">Sosānikaṅgampi</span> <a name="M1.0074"></a> ‘‘na susānaṃ paṭikkhipāmi, sosānikaṅgaṃ samādiyāmī’’ti imesaṃ aññataravacanena samādinnaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tena pana sosānikena yaṃ manussā gāmaṃ nivesantā ‘‘idaṃ susāna’’nti vavatthapenti, na tattha vasitabbaṃ. Na hi matasarīre ajjhāpite taṃ susānaṃ nāma hoti, jhāpitakālato pana paṭṭhāya sacepi dvādasavassāni chaḍḍitaṃ, taṃ susānameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmiṃ pana vasantena caṅkamamaṇḍapādīni kāretvā mañcapīṭhaṃ paññapetvā pānīyaparibhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā dhammaṃ vācentena na vasitabbaṃ. Garukaṃ hi idaṃ dhutaṅgaṃ, tasmā uppannaparissayavighātatthāya saṅghattheraṃ vā rājayuttakaṃ vā jānāpetvā appamattena vasitabbaṃ. Caṅkamantena addhakkhikena āḷāhanaṃ olokentena caṅkamitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Susānaṃ gacchantenāpi mahāpathā ukkamma uppathamaggena gantabbaṃ. Divāyeva ārammaṇaṃ vavatthapetabbaṃ. Evañhissa taṃ rattiṃ bhayānakaṃ na bhavissati, amanussā rattiṃ viravitvā viravitvā āhiṇḍantāpi na kenaci paharitabbā. Ekadivasampi susānaṃ agantuṃ na vaṭṭati. Majjhimayāmaṃ <a name="V1.0076"></a> susāne khepetvā pacchimayāme paṭikkamituṃ vaṭṭatīti aṅguttarabhāṇakā. Amanussānaṃ piyaṃ tilapiṭṭhamāsabhattamacchamaṃsakhīratelaguḷādikhajjabhojjaṃ na sevitabbaṃ. Kulagehaṃ na pavisitabbanti idamassa <span class="bld">vidhānaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pabhedato</span> pana ayampi tividho hoti. Tattha <span class="bld">ukkaṭṭhena</span> yattha dhuvaḍāhadhuvakuṇapadhuvarodanāni atthi, tattheva vasitabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Majjhimassa</span> tīsu ekasmimpi sati vaṭṭati. <span class="bld">Mudukassa</span> vuttanayena susānalakkhaṇaṃ pattamatte vaṭṭati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imesaṃ pana tiṇṇampi na susānamhi vāsaṃ kappanena dhutaṅgaṃ bhijjati. Susānaṃ agatadivaseti aṅguttarabhāṇakā. Ayamettha <span class="bld">bhedo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ayaṃ panānisaṃso</span> maraṇassatipaṭilābho, appamādavihāritā, asubhanimittādhigamo, kāmarāgavinodanaṃ, abhiṇhaṃ kāyasabhāvadassanaṃ, saṃvegabahulatā <a name="M1.0075"></a> ārogyamadādippahānaṃ, bhayabheravasahanatā, amanussānaṃ garubhāvanīyatā, appicchatādīnaṃ anulomavuttitāti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sosānikañhi maraṇānusatippabhāvā,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Niddāgatampi na phusanti pamādadosā;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Sampassato ca kuṇapāni bahūni tassa,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kāmānubhāvavasagampi na hoti cittaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Saṃvegameti vipulaṃ na madaṃ upeti,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Sammā atho ghaṭati nibbutimesamāno;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Sosānikaṅgamitinekaguṇāvahattā,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nibbānaninnahadayena nisevitabbanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ sosānikaṅge samādānavidhānappabhedabhedānisaṃsavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">12. Yathāsanthatikaṅgakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para35"></a><span class="paranum">35</span>. <span class="bld">Yathāsanthatikaṅgampi</span> <a name="V1.0077"></a> ‘‘senāsanaloluppaṃ paṭikkhipāmi, yathāsanthatikaṅgaṃ samādiyāmī’’ti imesaṃ aññataravacanena samādinnaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tena pana yathāsanthatikena yadassa senāsanaṃ ‘‘idaṃ tuyhaṃ pāpuṇātī’’ti gāhitaṃ hoti, teneva tuṭṭhabbaṃ, na añño uṭṭhāpetabbo. Idamassa <span class="bld">vidhānaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pabhedato</span> pana ayampi tividho hoti. Tattha <span class="bld">ukkaṭṭho</span> attano pattasenāsanaṃ dūreti vā accāsanneti vā amanussadīghajātikādīhi upaddutanti vā uṇhanti vā sītalanti vā pucchituṃ na labhati. <span class="bld">Majjhimo</span> pucchituṃ labhati. Gantvā pana oloketuṃ na labhati. <span class="bld">Muduko</span> gantvā oloketvā sacassa taṃ na ruccati, aññaṃ gahetuṃ labhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imesaṃ pana tiṇṇampi senāsanaloluppe uppannamatte dhutaṅgaṃ bhijjatīti ayamettha <span class="bld">bhedo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ayaṃ panānisaṃso,</span> ‘‘yaṃ laddhaṃ tena tuṭṭhabba’’nti (jā. 1.1.136; pāci. 793) vuttovādakaraṇaṃ, sabrahmacārīnaṃ hitesitā, hīnapaṇītavikappapariccāgo, anurodhavirodhappahānaṃ, atricchatāya dvārapidahanaṃ, appicchatādīnaṃ anulomavuttitāti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yaṃ <a name="M1.0076"></a> laddhaṃ tena santuṭṭho, yathāsanthatiko yati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nibbikappo sukhaṃ seti, tiṇasantharakesupi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Na so rajjati seṭṭhamhi, hīnaṃ laddhā na kuppati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sabrahmacārinavake, hitena anukampati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā ariyasatāciṇṇaṃ, munipuṅgavavaṇṇitaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Anuyuñjetha medhāvī, yathāsanthatarāmatanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ yathāsanthatikaṅge samādānavidhānappabhedabhedānisaṃsavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">13. Nesajjikaṅgakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para36"></a><span class="paranum">36</span>. <span class="bld">Nesajjikaṅgampi</span> <a name="V1.0078"></a> ‘‘seyyaṃ paṭikkhipāmi, nesajjikaṅgaṃ samādiyāmī’’ti imesaṃ aññataravacanena samādinnaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tena pana nesajjikena rattiyā tīsu yāmesu ekaṃ yāmaṃ uṭṭhāya caṅkamitabbaṃ. Iriyāpathesu hi nipajjitumeva na vaṭṭati. Idamassa <span class="bld">vidhānaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pabhedato</span> pana ayampi tividho hoti. Tattha <span class="bld">ukkaṭṭhassa</span> neva apassenaṃ, na dussapallatthikā, na āyogapaṭṭo vaṭṭati. <span class="bld">Majjhimassa</span> imesu tīsu yaṃkiñci vaṭṭati. <span class="bld">Mudukassa</span> apassenampi dussapallatthikāpi āyogapaṭṭopi bibbohanampi pañcaṅgopi sattaṅgopi vaṭṭati. Pañcaṅgo pana piṭṭhiapassayena saddhiṃ kato. Sattaṅgo nāma piṭṭhiapassayena ca ubhatopassesu apassayehi ca saddhiṃ kato. Taṃ kira miḷābhayattherassa akaṃsu. Thero anāgāmī hutvā parinibbāyi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imesaṃ pana tiṇṇampi seyyaṃ kappitamatte dhutaṅgaṃ bhijjati. Ayamettha <span class="bld">bhedo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ayaṃ panānisaṃso,</span> ‘‘seyyasukhaṃ passasukhaṃ middhasukhaṃ anuyutto viharatī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.320; ma. ni. 1.186) vuttassa cetaso vinibandhassa upacchedanaṃ, sabbakammaṭṭhānānuyogasappāyatā, pāsādikairiyāpathatā, vīriyārambhānukūlatā, sammāpaṭipattiyā anubrūhananti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ābhujitvāna pallaṅkaṃ, paṇidhāya ujuṃ tanuṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nisīdanto vikampeti, mārassa hadayaṃ yati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Seyyasukhaṃ <a name="M1.0077"></a> middhasukhaṃ, hitvā āraddhavīriyo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nisajjābhirato bhikkhu, sobhayanto tapovanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nirāmisaṃ pītisukhaṃ, yasmā samadhigacchati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā samanuyuñjeyya, dhīro nesajjikaṃ vatanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ nesajjikaṅge samādāna vidhānappabheda bhedānisaṃsavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dhutaṅgapakiṇṇakakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para37"></a><span class="paranum">37</span>. Idāni <a name="V1.0079"></a> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kusalattikato ceva, dhutādīnaṃ vibhāgato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samāsabyāsato cāpi, viññātabbo vinicchayoti. –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imissā gāthāya vasena vaṇṇanā hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">kusalattikato</span>ti sabbāneva hi dhutaṅgāni sekkhaputhujjanakhīṇāsavānaṃ vasena siyā kusalāni, siyā abyākatāni, natthi dhutaṅgaṃ akusalanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yo pana vadeyya ‘‘pāpiccho icchāpakato āraññiko hotīti ādivacanato (a. ni. 5.181; pari. 325) akusalampi dhutaṅga’’nti. So vattabbo – na mayaṃ ‘‘akusalacittena araññe na vasatī’’ti vadāma. Yassa hi araññe nivāso, so āraññiko. So ca pāpiccho vā bhaveyya appiccho vā. Imāni pana tena tena samādānena dhutakilesattā dhutassa bhikkhuno aṅgāni, kilesadhunanato vā dhutanti laddhavohāraṃ ñāṇaṃ aṅgametesanti dhutaṅgāni. Atha vā dhutāni ca tāni paṭipakkhaniddhunanato aṅgāni ca paṭipattiyātipi dhutaṅgānīti vuttaṃ. Na ca akusalena koci dhuto nāma hoti, yassetāni aṅgāni bhaveyyuṃ, na ca akusalaṃ kiñci dhunāti, yesaṃ taṃ aṅgantikatvā dhutaṅgānīti vucceyyuṃ. Nāpi akusalaṃ cīvaraloluppādīni ceva niddhunāti paṭipattiyā ca aṅgaṃ hoti. Tasmā suvuttamidaṃ ‘‘natthi akusalaṃ dhutaṅga’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Yesampi <a name="M1.0078"></a> kusalattikavinimuttaṃ dhutaṅgaṃ, tesaṃ atthato dhutaṅgameva natthi. Asantaṃ kassa dhunanato dhutaṅgaṃ nāma bhavissati. Dhutaguṇe samādāya vattatīti vacanavirodhopi ca nesaṃ āpajjati, tasmā taṃ na gahetabba’’nti ayaṃ tāva kusalattikato vaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhutādīnaṃ</span> <a name="V1.0080"></a> <span class="bld">vibhāgato</span>ti dhuto veditabbo. Dhutavādo veditabbo. Dhutadhammā veditabbā. Dhutaṅgāni veditabbāni. Kassa dhutaṅgasevanā sappāyāti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">dhuto</span>ti dhutakileso vā puggalo kilesadhunano vā dhammo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhutavādo</span>ti ettha pana atthi dhuto na dhutavādo, atthi na dhuto dhutavādo, atthi neva dhuto na dhutavādo, atthi dhuto ceva dhutavādo ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yo dhutaṅgena attano kilese dhuni, paraṃ pana dhutaṅgena na ovadati, nānusāsati bākulatthero viya, ayaṃ dhuto na dhutavādo. Yathāha, ‘‘tayidaṃ āyasmā bākulo dhuto na dhutavādo’’ti. Yo pana na dhutaṅgena attano kilese dhuni, kevalaṃ aññe dhutaṅgena ovadati anusāsati upanandatthero viya, ayaṃ na dhuto dhutavādo. Yathāha, ‘‘tayidaṃ āyasmā upanando sakyaputto na dhuto dhutavādo’’ti. Yo ubhayavipanno lāḷudāyī viya, ayaṃ neva dhuto na dhutavādo. Yathāha, ‘‘tayidaṃ āyasmā lāḷudāyī neva dhuto na dhutavādo’’ti. Yo pana ubhayasampanno dhammasenāpati viya, ayaṃ dhuto ceva dhutavādo ca. Yathāha, ‘‘tayidaṃ āyasmā sāriputto dhuto ceva dhutavādo cāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhutadhammā veditabbā</span>ti appicchatā, santuṭṭhitā, sallekhatā, pavivekatā, idamatthitāti ime dhutaṅgacetanāya parivārakā pañca dhammā ‘‘appicchataṃyeva nissāyā’’tiādivacanato (a. ni. 5.181; pari. 325) dhutadhammā nāma, tattha appicchatā ca santuṭṭhitā ca alobho. Sallekhatā ca pavivekatā ca dvīsu dhammesu anupatanti alobhe ca amohe ca. Idamatthitā ñāṇameva. Tattha <a name="M1.0079"></a> ca alobhena paṭikkhepavatthūsu lobhaṃ, amohena tesveva ādīnavapaṭicchādakaṃ mohaṃ dhunāti. Alobhena ca anuññātānaṃ paṭisevanamukhena pavattaṃ kāmasukhānuyogaṃ, amohena dhutaṅgesu atisallekhamukhena pavattaṃ attakilamathānuyogaṃ dhunāti. Tasmā ime dhammā dhutadhammāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhutaṅgāni veditabbānī</span>ti terasa dhutaṅgāni veditabbāni paṃsukūlikaṅgaṃ…pe… nesajjikaṅganti. Tāni atthato lakkhaṇādīhi ca vuttāneva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kassa <a name="V1.0081"></a> dhutaṅgasevanā sappāyāti rāgacaritassa ceva mohacaritassa ca. Kasmā? Dhutaṅgasevanā hi dukkhāpaṭipadā ceva sallekhavihāro ca. Dukkhāpaṭipadañca nissāya rāgo vūpasammati. Sallekhaṃ nissāya appamattassa moho pahīyati. Āraññikaṅgarukkhamūlikaṅgapaṭisevanā vā ettha dosacaritassāpi sappāyā. Tattha hissa asaṅghaṭṭiyamānassa viharato dosopi vūpasammatīti ayaṃ dhutādīnaṃ vibhāgato vaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Samāsabyāsato</span>ti imāni pana dhutaṅgāni <span class="bld">samāsato</span> tīṇi sīsaṅgāni, pañca asambhinnaṅgānīti aṭṭheva honti. Tattha sapadānacārikaṅgaṃ, ekāsanikaṅgaṃ, abbhokāsikaṅganti imāni tīṇi sīsaṅgāni. Sapadānacārikaṅgañhi rakkhanto piṇḍapātikaṅgampi rakkhissati. Ekāsanikaṅgañca rakkhato pattapiṇḍikaṅgakhalupacchābhattikaṅgānipi surakkhanīyāni bhavissanti. Abbhokāsikaṅgaṃ rakkhantassa kiṃ atthi rukkhamūlikaṅgayathāsanthatikaṅgesu rakkhitabbaṃ nāma. Iti imāni tīṇi sīsaṅgāni, āraññikaṅgaṃ, paṃsukūlikaṅgaṃ, tecīvarikaṅgaṃ, nesajjikaṅgaṃ, sosānikaṅganti imāni pañca asambhinnaṅgāni cāti aṭṭheva honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Puna dve cīvarapaṭisaṃyuttāni, pañca piṇḍapātapaṭisaṃyuttāni, pañca senāsanapaṭisaṃyuttāni, ekaṃ vīriyapaṭisaṃyuttanti evaṃ cattārova honti. Tattha nesajjikaṅgaṃ vīriyapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ. Itarāni pākaṭāneva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Puna sabbāneva nissayavasena dve honti paccayanissitāni dvādasa, vīriyanissitaṃ ekanti. Sevitabbāsevitabbavasenapi dveyeva honti. Yassa hi dhutaṅgaṃ sevantassa kammaṭṭhānaṃ vaḍḍhati, tena sevitabbāni. Yassa sevato hāyati, tena na sevitabbāni. Yassa pana sevatopi asevatopi vaḍḍhateva, na hāyati, tenāpi pacchimaṃ janataṃ anukampantena sevitabbāni. Yassāpi <a name="M1.0080"></a> sevatopi asevatopi na vaḍḍhati, tenāpi sevitabbāniyeva āyatiṃ vāsanatthāyāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ sevitabbāsevitabbavasena duvidhānipi sabbāneva cetanāvasena ekavidhāni honti. Ekameva hi dhutaṅgaṃ samādānacetanāti. Aṭṭhakathāyampi vuttaṃ ‘‘yā cetanā, taṃ dhutaṅganti vadantī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Byāsato</span> <a name="V1.0082"></a> pana bhikkhūnaṃ terasa, bhikkhunīnaṃ aṭṭha, sāmaṇerānaṃ dvādasa, sikkhamānasāmaṇerīnaṃ satta, upāsakaupāsikānaṃ dveti dvācattālīsa honti. Sace pana abbhokāse āraññikaṅgasampannaṃ susānaṃ hoti, ekopi bhikkhu ekappahārena sabbadhutaṅgāni paribhuñjituṃ sakkoti. Bhikkhunīnaṃ pana āraññikaṅgaṃ khalupacchābhattikaṅgañca dvepi sikkhāpadeneva paṭikkhittāni, abbhokāsikaṅgaṃ, rukkhamūlikaṅgaṃ, sosānikaṅganti imāni tīṇi dupparihārāni. Bhikkhuniyā hi dutiyikaṃ vinā vasituṃ na vaṭṭati. Evarūpe ca ṭhāne samānacchandā dutiyikā dullabhā. Sacepi labheyya saṃsaṭṭhavihārato na mucceyya. Evaṃ sati yassatthāya dhutaṅgaṃ seveyya, svevassā attho na sampajjeyya. Evaṃ paribhuñjituṃ asakkuṇeyyatāya pañca hāpetvā bhikkhunīnaṃ aṭṭheva hontīti veditabbāni. Yathāvuttesu pana ṭhapetvā tecīvarikaṅgaṃ sesāni dvādasa sāmaṇerānaṃ, satta sikkhamānasāmaṇerīnaṃ veditabbāni. Upāsakaupāsikānaṃ pana ekāsanikaṅgaṃ, pattapiṇḍikaṅganti imāni dve patirūpāni ceva sakkā ca paribhuñjitunti dve dhutaṅgānīti evaṃ byāsato dvecattālīsa hontīti ayaṃ samāsabyāsato vaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā ca ‘‘sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño’’ti imissā gāthāya sīlasamādhipaññāmukhena desite visuddhimagge yehi appicchatāsantuṭṭhitādīhi guṇehi vuttappakārassa sīlassa vodānaṃ hoti, tesaṃ sampādanatthaṃ samādātabbadhutaṅgakathā bhāsitā hoti.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge</p>
<p class="centered">Dhutaṅganiddeso nāma dutiyo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="chapter">3. Kammaṭṭhānaggahaṇaniddeso</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para38"></a><span class="paranum">38</span>. Idāni <a name="M1.0081"></a><a name="V1.0083"></a> yasmā evaṃ dhutaṅgapariharaṇasampāditehi appicchatādīhi guṇehi pariyodāte imasmiṃ sīle patiṭṭhitena ‘‘sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño, cittaṃ paññañca bhāvaya’’nti vacanato cittasīsena niddiṭṭho samādhi bhāvetabbo. So ca atisaṅkhepadesitattā viññātumpi tāva na sukaro, pageva bhāvetuṃ, tasmā tassa vitthārañca bhāvanānayañca dassetuṃ idaṃ pañhākammaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ko samādhi? Kenaṭṭhena samādhi? Kānassa lakkhaṇarasapaccupaṭṭhānapadaṭṭhānāni? Katividho samādhi? Ko cassa saṃkileso? Kiṃ vodānaṃ? Kathaṃ bhāvetabbo? Samādhibhāvanāya ko ānisaṃsoti?</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatridaṃ vissajjanaṃ. <span class="bld">Ko samādhī</span>ti samādhi bahuvidho nānappakārako. Taṃ sabbaṃ vibhāvayituṃ ārabbhamānaṃ vissajjanaṃ adhippetañceva atthaṃ na sādheyya, uttari ca vikkhepāya saṃvatteyya, tasmā idhādhippetameva sandhāya vadāma, kusalacittekaggatā samādhi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kenaṭṭhena samādhī</span>ti samādhānaṭṭhena samādhi. Kimidaṃ samādhānaṃ nāma? Ekārammaṇe cittacetasikānaṃ samaṃ sammā ca ādhānaṃ, ṭhapananti vuttaṃ hoti. Tasmā yassa dhammassānubhāvena ekārammaṇe cittacetasikā samaṃ sammā ca avikkhipamānā avippakiṇṇā ca hutvā tiṭṭhanti, idaṃ samādhānanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kānassa lakkhaṇarasapaccupaṭṭhānapadaṭṭhānānī</span>ti ettha pana avikkhepalakkhaṇo samādhi, vikkhepaviddhaṃsanaraso, avikampanapaccupaṭṭhāno. ‘‘Sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyatī’’ti vacanato pana sukhamassa padaṭṭhānaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para39"></a><span class="paranum">39</span>. <span class="bld">Katividho</span> <a name="V1.0084"></a> <span class="bld">samādhī</span>ti avikkhepalakkhaṇena tāva ekavidho. Upacāraappanāvasena duvidho, tathā lokiyalokuttaravasena sappītikanippītikavasena sukhasahagataupekkhāsahagatavasena ca. Tividho hīnamajjhimapaṇītavasena<a name="M1.0082"></a>, tathā savitakkasavicārādivasena pītisahagatādivasena parittamahaggatappamāṇavasena ca. Catubbidho dukkhāpaṭipadādandhābhiññādivasena, tathā parittaparittārammaṇādivasena catujhānaṅgavasena hānabhāgiyādivasena kāmāvacarādivasena adhipativasena ca. Pañcavidho pañcakanaye pañcajhānaṅgavasenāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Samādhiekakadukavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">ekavidhakoṭṭhāso</span> uttānatthoyeva. <span class="bld">Duvidhakoṭṭhāse</span> channaṃ anussatiṭṭhānānaṃ maraṇassatiyā upasamānussatiyā āhāre paṭikūlasaññāya catudhātuvavatthānassāti imesaṃ vasena laddhacittekaggatā, yā ca appanāsamādhīnaṃ pubbabhāge ekaggatā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">upacārasamādhi</span>. ‘‘Paṭhamassa jhānassa parikammaṃ paṭhamassa jhānassa anantarapaccayena paccayo’’ti ādivacanato pana yā parikammānantarā ekaggatā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">appanāsamādhī</span>ti evaṃ upacārappanāvasena duvidho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dutiyaduke tīsu bhūmīsu kusalacittekaggatā lokiyo samādhi. Ariyamaggasampayuttā ekaggatā lokuttaro samādhīti evaṃ lokiyalokuttaravasena duvidho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatiyaduke catukkanaye dvīsu pañcakanaye tīsu jhānesu ekaggatā sappītiko samādhi. Avasesesu dvīsu jhānesu ekaggatā nippītiko samādhi. Upacārasamādhi pana siyā sappītiko, siyā nippītikoti evaṃ sappītikanippītikavasena duvidho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Catutthaduke catukkanaye tīsu pañcakanaye catūsu jhānesu ekaggatā sukhasahagato samādhi. Avasesasmiṃ upekkhāsahagato samādhi. Upacārasamādhi pana siyā sukhasahagato, siyā upekkhāsahagatoti evaṃ sukhasahagataupekkhāsahagatavasena duvidho.</p>
<p class="subhead">Samādhitikavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tikesu</span> <a name="V1.0085"></a> paṭhamattike paṭiladdhamatto hīno, nātisubhāvito majjhimo, subhāvito vasippatto paṇītoti evaṃ hīnamajjhimapaṇītavasena tividho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dutiyattike <a name="M1.0083"></a> paṭhamajjhānasamādhi saddhiṃ upacārasamādhinā savitakkasavicāro. Pañcakanaye dutiyajjhānasamādhi avitakkavicāramatto. Yo hi vitakkamatteyeva ādīnavaṃ disvā vicāre adisvā kevalaṃ vitakkappahānamattaṃ ākaṅkhamāno paṭhamajjhānaṃ atikkamati, so avitakkavicāramattaṃ samādhiṃ paṭilabhati. Taṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ. Catukkanaye pana dutiyādīsu pañcakanaye tatiyādīsu tīsu jhānesu ekaggatā avitakkāvicāro samādhīti evaṃ savitakkasavicārādivasena tividho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatiyattike catukkanaye ādito dvīsu pañcakanaye ca tīsu jhānesu ekaggatā pītisahagato samādhi. Tesveva tatiye ca catutthe ca jhāne ekaggatā sukhasahagato samādhi. Avasāne upekkhāsahagato. Upacārasamādhi pana pītisukhasahagato vā hoti upekkhāsahagato vāti evaṃ pītisahagatādivasena tividho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Catutthattike upacārabhūmiyaṃ ekaggatā paritto samādhi. Rūpāvacarārūpāvacarakusale ekaggatā mahaggato samādhi. Ariyamaggasampayuttā ekaggatā appamāṇo samādhīti evaṃ parittamahaggatappamāṇavasena tividho.</p>
<p class="subhead">Samādhicatukkavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Catukkesu paṭhamacatukke atthi samādhi dukkhāpaṭipado dandhābhiñño, atthi dukkhāpaṭipado khippābhiñño, atthi sukhāpaṭipado dandhābhiñño, atthi sukhāpaṭipado khippābhiññoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha paṭhamasamannāhārato paṭṭhāya yāva tassa tassa jhānassa upacāraṃ uppajjati, tāva pavattā samādhibhāvanā <span class="bld">paṭipadā</span>ti vuccati. Upacārato pana paṭṭhāya yāva appanā, tāva pavattā <a name="V1.0086"></a> paññā <span class="bld">abhiññā</span>ti vuccati. Sā panesā paṭipadā ekaccassa dukkhā hoti, nīvaraṇādipaccanīkadhammasamudācāragahaṇatāya kicchā asukhāsevanāti attho. Ekaccassa tadabhāvena sukhā. Abhiññāpi ekaccassa dandhā hoti mandā asīghappavatti. Ekaccassa khippā amandā sīghappavatti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yāni parato sappāyāsappāyāni ca palibodhupacchedādīni pubbakiccāni ca appanākosallāni ca vaṇṇayissāma, tesu yo asappāyasevī <a name="M1.0084"></a> hoti, tassa dukkhā paṭipadā dandhā ca abhiññā hoti. Sappāyasevino sukhā paṭipadā khippā ca abhiññā. Yo pana pubbabhāge asappāyaṃ sevitvā aparabhāge sappāyasevī hoti, pubbabhāge vā sappāyaṃ sevitvā aparabhāge asappāyasevī, tassa vomissakatā veditabbā. Tathā palibodhupacchedādikaṃ pubbakiccaṃ asampādetvā bhāvanamanuyuttassa dukkhā paṭipadā hoti. Vipariyāyena sukhā. Appanākosallāni pana asampādentassa dandhā abhiññā hoti. Sampādentassa khippā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica taṇhāavijjāvasena samathavipassanādhikāravasena cāpi etāsaṃ pabhedo veditabbo. Taṇhābhibhūtassa hi dukkhā paṭipadā hoti. Anabhibhūtassa sukhā. Avijjābhibhūtassa ca dandhā abhiññā hoti. Anabhibhūtassa khippā. Yo ca samathe akatādhikāro, tassa dukkhā paṭipadā hoti. Katādhikārassa sukhā. Yo pana vipassanāya akatādhikāro hoti, tassa dandhā abhiññā hoti, katādhikārassa khippā. Kilesindriyavasena cāpi etāsaṃ pabhedo veditabbo. Tibbakilesassa hi mudindriyassa dukkhā paṭipadā hoti dandhā ca abhiññā, tikkhindriyassa pana khippā abhiññā. Mandakilesassa ca mudindriyassa sukhā paṭipadā hoti dandhā ca abhiññā. Tikkhindriyassa pana khippā abhiññāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iti imāsu paṭipadāabhiññāsu yo puggalo dukkhāya paṭipadāya dandhāya ca abhiññāya samādhiṃ pāpuṇāti, tassa so samādhi dukkhāpaṭipado dandhābhiññoti vuccati. Esa nayo sesattayepīti evaṃ dukkhāpaṭipadādandhābhiññādivasena catubbidho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dutiyacatukke atthi samādhi paritto parittārammaṇo, atthi paritto appamāṇārammaṇo, atthi appamāṇo parittārammaṇo, atthi appamāṇo appamāṇārammaṇoti. Tattha yo samādhi appaguṇo <a name="V1.0087"></a> uparijhānassa paccayo bhavituṃ na sakkoti, ayaṃ paritto. Yo pana avaḍḍhite ārammaṇe pavatto, ayaṃ parittārammaṇo. Yo paguṇo subhāvito, uparijhānassa paccayo bhavituṃ sakkoti, ayaṃ appamāṇo. Yo ca vaḍḍhite ārammaṇe pavatto, ayaṃ appamāṇārammaṇo. Vuttalakkhaṇavomissatāya pana vomissakanayo veditabbo. Evaṃ parittaparittārammaṇādivasena catubbidho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatiyacatukke <a name="M1.0085"></a> vikkhambhitanīvaraṇānaṃ vitakkavicārapītisukhasamādhīnaṃ vasena pañcaṅgikaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ, tato vūpasantavitakkavicāraṃ tivaṅgikaṃ dutiyaṃ, tato virattapītikaṃ duvaṅgikaṃ tatiyaṃ, tato pahīnasukhaṃ upekkhāvedanāsahitassa samādhino vasena duvaṅgikaṃ catutthaṃ. Iti imesaṃ catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ aṅgabhūtā cattāro samādhī honti. Evaṃ catujhānaṅgavasena catubbidho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Catutthacatukke atthi samādhi hānabhāgiyo, atthi ṭhitibhāgiyo, atthi visesabhāgiyo, atthi nibbedhabhāgiyo. Tattha paccanīkasamudācāravasena hānabhāgiyatā, tadanudhammatāya satiyā saṇṭhānavasena ṭhitibhāgiyatā, uparivisesādhigamavasena visesabhāgiyatā, nibbidāsahagatasaññāmanasikārasamudācāravasena nibbedhabhāgiyatā ca veditabbā. Yathāha, ‘‘paṭhamassa jhānassa lābhiṃ kāmasahagatā saññāmanasikārā samudācaranti hānabhāginī paññā. Tadanudhammatā sati santiṭṭhati ṭhitibhāginī paññā. Avitakkasahagatā saññāmanasikārā samudācaranti visesabhāginī paññā. Nibbidāsahagatā saññāmanasikārā samudācaranti virāgūpasañhitā nibbedhabhāginī paññā’’ti (vibha. 799). Tāya pana paññāya sampayuttā samādhīpi cattāro hontīti. Evaṃ hānabhāgiyādivasena catubbidho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pañcamacatukke kāmāvacaro samādhi, rūpāvacaro samādhi, arūpāvacaro samādhi, apariyāpanno samādhīti evaṃ cattāro samādhī. Tattha sabbāpi upacārekaggatā kāmāvacaro samādhi. Tathā rūpāvacarādikusalacittekaggatā itare tayoti evaṃ kāmāvacarādivasena catubbidho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Chaṭṭhacatukke ‘‘chandaṃ ce bhikkhu adhipatiṃ karitvā labhati samādhiṃ, labhati cittassekaggataṃ, ayaṃ vuccati chandasamādhi…pe… vīriyaṃ ce bhikkhu…pe… cittaṃ ce bhikkhu…pe… vīmaṃsaṃ ce bhikkhu adhipatiṃ karitvā labhati samādhiṃ, labhati cittassekaggataṃ<a name="V1.0088"></a>, ayaṃ vuccati vīmaṃsāsamādhī’’ti (vibha. 432; saṃ. ni. 3.825) evaṃ adhipativasena catubbidho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pañcake</span> <a name="M1.0086"></a> yaṃ catukkabhede vuttaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ, taṃ vitakkamattātikkamena dutiyaṃ, vitakkavicārātikkamena tatiyanti evaṃ dvidhā bhinditvā pañca jhānāni veditabbāni. Tesaṃ aṅgabhūtā ca pañca samādhīti evaṃ pañcajhānaṅgavasena pañcavidhatā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para40"></a><span class="paranum">40</span>. <span class="bld">Ko cassa saṃkileso kiṃ vodāna</span>nti ettha pana vissajjanaṃ vibhaṅge vuttameva. Vuttañhi tattha ‘‘saṃkilesanti hānabhāgiyo dhammo. Vodānanti visesabhāgiyo dhammo’’ti (vibha. 828). Tattha ‘‘paṭhamassa jhānassa lābhiṃ kāmasahagatā saññāmanasikārā samudācaranti hānabhāginī paññā’’ti (vibha. 799) iminā nayena hānabhāgiyadhammo veditabbo. ‘‘Avitakkasahagatā saññāmanasikārā samudācaranti visesabhāginī paññā’’ti (vibha. 799) iminā nayena visesabhāgiyadhammo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dasapalibodhavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para41"></a><span class="paranum">41</span>. <span class="bld">Kathaṃ bhāvetabbo</span>ti ettha pana yo tāva ayaṃ lokiyalokuttaravasena duvidhotiādīsu ariyamaggasampayutto samādhi vutto, tassa bhāvanānayo paññābhāvanānayeneva saṅgahito. Paññāya hi bhāvitāya so bhāvito hoti. Tasmā taṃ sandhāya evaṃ bhāvetabboti na kiñci visuṃ vadāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yo panāyaṃ lokiyo, so vuttanayena sīlāni visodhetvā suparisuddhe sīle patiṭṭhitena yvāssa dasasu palibodhesu palibodho atthi, taṃ upacchinditvā kammaṭṭhānadāyakaṃ kalyāṇamittaṃ upasaṅkamitvā attano cariyānukūlaṃ cattālīsāya kammaṭṭhānesu aññataraṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā samādhibhāvanāya ananurūpaṃ vihāraṃ pahāya anurūpe vihāre viharantena khuddakapalibodhupacchedaṃ katvā sabbaṃ bhāvanāvidhānaṃ aparihāpentena bhāvetabboti ayamettha saṅkhepo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ <a name="V1.0089"></a> pana vitthāro, yaṃ tāva vuttaṃ ‘‘yvāssa dasasu palibodhesu palibodho atthi, taṃ upacchinditvā’’ti, ettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Āvāso ca kulaṃ lābho, gaṇo kammañca pañcamaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Addhānaṃ ñāti ābādho, gantho iddhīti te dasāti. –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ime <a name="M1.0087"></a> dasa palibodhā nāma. Tattha āvāsoyeva āvāsapalibodho. Esa nayo kulādīsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">āvāso</span>ti ekopi ovarako vuccati ekampi pariveṇaṃ sakalopi saṅghārāmo. Svāyaṃ na sabbasseva palibodho hoti. Yo panettha navakammādīsu ussukkaṃ vā āpajjati, bahubhaṇḍasannicayo vā hoti, yena kenaci vā kāraṇena apekkhavā paṭibaddhacitto, tasseva palibodho hoti, na itarassa.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatridaṃ vatthu – dve kira kulaputtā anurādhapurā nikkhamitvā anupubbena thūpārāme pabbajiṃsu. Tesu eko dve mātikā paguṇā katvā pañcavassiko hutvā pavāretvā pācinakhaṇḍarājiṃ nāma gato. Eko tattheva vasati. Pācinakhaṇḍarājigato tattha ciraṃ vasitvā thero hutvā cintesi ‘‘paṭisallānasāruppamidaṃ ṭhānaṃ, handa naṃ sahāyakassāpi ārocemī’’ti. Tato nikkhamitvā anupubbena thūpārāmaṃ pāvisi. Pavisantaṃyeva ca naṃ disvā samānavassikatthero paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā vattaṃ akāsi. Āgantukatthero senāsanaṃ pavisitvā cintesi ‘‘idāni me sahāyo sappiṃ vā phāṇitaṃ vā pānakaṃ vā pesessati. Ayañhi imasmiṃ nagare ciranivāsī’’ti. So rattiṃ aladdhā pāto cintesi ‘‘idāni upaṭṭhākehi gahitaṃ yāgukhajjakaṃ pesessatī’’ti. Tampi adisvā ‘‘pahiṇantā natthi, paviṭṭhassa maññe dassatī’’ti pātova tena saddhiṃ gāmaṃ pāvisi. Te dve ekaṃ vīthiṃ caritvā uḷuṅkamattaṃ yāguṃ labhitvā āsanasālāyaṃ nisīditvā piviṃsu. Tato āgantuko cintesi ‘‘nibaddhayāgu maññe natthi, bhattakāle idāni manussā paṇītaṃ bhattaṃ dassantī’’ti, tato bhattakālepi piṇḍāya caritvā laddhameva bhuñjitvā itaro āha – ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, sabbakālaṃ evaṃ yāpethā’’ti? Āmāvusoti. Bhante, pācinakhaṇḍarāji phāsukā, tattha gacchāmāti. Thero nagarato <a name="V1.0090"></a> dakkhiṇadvārena nikkhamanto kumbhakāragāmamaggaṃ paṭipajji. Itaro āha – ‘‘kiṃ pana, bhante, imaṃ maggaṃ paṭipannatthā’’ti? Nanu tvamāvuso, pācinakhaṇḍarājiyā vaṇṇaṃ abhāsīti? Kiṃ pana, bhante, tumhākaṃ ettakaṃ kālaṃ vasitaṭṭhāne na koci atirekaparikkhāro atthīti? Āmāvuso mañcapīṭhaṃ saṅghikaṃ, taṃ paṭisāmitameva, aññaṃ kiñci natthīti. Mayhaṃ pana, bhante<a name="M1.0088"></a>, kattaradaṇḍo telanāḷi upāhanatthavikā ca tatthevāti. Tayāvuso, ekadivasaṃ vasitvā ettakaṃ ṭhapitanti? Āma, bhante. So pasannacitto theraṃ vanditvā ‘‘tumhādisānaṃ, bhante, sabbattha araññavāsoyeva. Thūpārāmo catunnaṃ buddhānaṃ dhātunidhānaṭṭhānaṃ, lohapāsāde sappāyaṃ dhammassavanaṃ mahācetiyadassanaṃ theradassanañca labbhati, buddhakālo viya pavattati. Idheva tumhe vasathā’’ti dutiyadivase pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā sayameva agamāsīti. Īdisassa āvāso na palibodho hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kula</span>nti ñātikulaṃ vā upaṭṭhākakulaṃ vā. Ekaccassa hi upaṭṭhākakulampi ‘‘sukhitesu sukhito’’tiādinā (vibha. 888; saṃ. ni. 4.241) nayena saṃsaṭṭhassa viharato palibodho hoti, so kulamānusakehi vinā dhammassavanāya sāmantavihārampi na gacchati. Ekaccassa mātāpitaropi palibodhā na honti, koraṇḍakavihāravāsittherassa bhāgineyyadaharabhikkhuno viya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So kira uddesatthaṃ rohaṇaṃ agamāsi. Therabhaginīpi upāsikā sadā theraṃ tassa pavattiṃ pucchati. Thero ekadivasaṃ daharaṃ ānessāmīti rohaṇābhimukho pāyāsi. Daharopi ‘‘ciraṃ me idha vutthaṃ, upajjhāyaṃ dāni passitvā upāsikāya ca pavattiṃ ñatvā āgamissāmī’’ti rohaṇato nikkhami. Te ubhopi gaṅgātīre samāgacchiṃsu. So aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle therassa vattaṃ katvā ‘‘kuhiṃ yāsī’’ti pucchito tamatthaṃ ārocesi. Thero suṭṭhu te kataṃ, upāsikāpi sadā pucchati, ahampi etadatthameva āgato, gaccha tvaṃ, ahaṃ pana idheva imaṃ vassaṃ vasissāmīti taṃ uyyojesi. So vassūpanāyikadivaseyeva taṃ vihāraṃ patto. Senāsanampissa pitarā kāritameva pattaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Athassa pitā dutiyadivase āgantvā ‘‘kassa, bhante, amhākaṃ senāsanaṃ patta’’nti pucchanto ‘‘āgantukassa daharassā’’ti sutvā taṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā āha – ‘‘bhante, amhākaṃ <a name="V1.0091"></a> senāsane vassaṃ upagatassa vattaṃ atthī’’ti. Kiṃ upāsakāti? Temāsaṃ amhākaṃyeva ghare bhikkhaṃ gahetvā pavāretvā gamanakāle āpucchitabbanti. So tuṇhibhāvena adhivāsesi. Upāsakopi gharaṃ gantvā ‘‘amhākaṃ āvāse eko <a name="M1.0089"></a> āgantuko ayyo upagato sakkaccaṃ upaṭṭhātabbo’’ti āha. Upāsikā ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchitvā paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādesi. Daharopi bhattakāle ñātigharaṃ agamāsi. Na naṃ koci sañjāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So temāsampi tattha piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjitvā vassaṃvuttho ‘‘ahaṃ gacchāmī’’ti āpucchi. Athassa ñātakā ‘‘sve, bhante, gacchathā’’ti dutiyadivase ghareyeva bhojetvā telanāḷiṃ pūretvā ekaṃ guḷapiṇḍaṃ navahatthañca sāṭakaṃ datvā ‘‘gacchatha, bhante’’ti āhaṃsu. So anumodanaṃ katvā rohaṇābhimukho pāyāsi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Upajjhāyopissa pavāretvā paṭipathaṃ āgacchanto pubbe diṭṭhaṭṭhāneyeva taṃ addasa. So aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle therassa vattaṃ akāsi. Atha naṃ thero pucchi ‘‘kiṃ, bhaddamukha, diṭṭhā te upāsikā’’ti? So ‘‘āma, bhante’’ti sabbaṃ pavattiṃ ārocetvā tena telena therassa pāde makkhetvā guḷena pānakaṃ katvā tampi sāṭakaṃ therasseva datvā theraṃ vanditvā ‘‘mayhaṃ, bhante, rohaṇaṃyeva sappāya’’nti agamāsi. Theropi vihāraṃ āgantvā dutiyadivase koraṇḍakagāmaṃ pāvisi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Upāsikāpi ‘‘mayhaṃ bhātā mama puttaṃ gahetvā idāni āgacchatī’’ti sadā maggaṃ olokayamānāva tiṭṭhati. Sā taṃ ekakameva āgacchantaṃ disvā ‘‘mato me maññe putto, ayaṃ thero ekakova āgacchatī’’ti therassa pādamūle nipatitvā paridevamānā rodi. Thero ‘‘nūna daharo appicchatāya attānaṃ ajānāpetvāva gato’’ti taṃ samassāsetvā sabbaṃ pavattiṃ ārocetvā pattatthavikato taṃ sāṭakaṃ nīharitvā dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Upāsikā pasīditvā puttena gatadisābhimukhā urena nipajjitvā namassamānā āha – ‘‘mayhaṃ puttasadisaṃ vata maññe bhikkhuṃ kāyasakkhiṃ katvā bhagavā rathavinītapaṭipadaṃ (ma. ni. 1.252 ādayo), nālakapaṭipadaṃ (su. ni. 684 ādayo), tuvaṭṭakapaṭipadaṃ (su. ni. 921 ādayo), catupaccayasantosabhāvanārāmatādīpakaṃ mahāariyavaṃsapaṭipadañca (a. ni. 4.28; dī. ni. 3.309) desesi<a name="V1.0092"></a>. Vijātamātuyā nāma gehe temāsaṃ bhuñjamānopi ‘ahaṃ <a name="M1.0090"></a> putto tvaṃ mātā’ti na vakkhati, aho acchariyamanusso’’ti. Evarūpassa mātāpitaropi palibodhā na honti, pageva aññaṃ upaṭṭhākakula’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Lābho</span>ti cattāro paccayā. Te kathaṃ palibodhā honti? Puññavantassa hi bhikkhuno gatagataṭṭhāne manussā mahāparivāre paccaye denti. So tesaṃ anumodento dhammaṃ desento samaṇadhammaṃ kātuṃ na okāsaṃ labhati. Aruṇuggamanato yāva paṭhamayāmo, tāva manussasaṃsaggo na upacchijjati. Puna balavapaccūseyeva bāhullikapiṇḍapātikā āgantvā ‘‘bhante, asuko upāsako upāsikā amacco amaccadhītā tumhākaṃ dassanakāmā’’ti vadanti, so gaṇhāvuso, pattacīvaranti gamanasajjova hotīti niccabyāvaṭo, tasseva te paccayā palibodhā honti. Tena gaṇaṃ pahāya yattha naṃ na jānanti, tattha ekakena caritabbaṃ. Evaṃ so palibodho upacchijjatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Gaṇo</span>ti suttantikagaṇo vā ābhidhammikagaṇo vā, yo tassa uddesaṃ vā paripucchaṃ vā dento samaṇadhammassa okāsaṃ na labhati, tasseva gaṇo palibodho hoti, tena so evaṃ upacchinditabbo. Sace tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahu gahitaṃ hoti, appaṃ avasiṭṭhaṃ, taṃ niṭṭhapetvā araññaṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Sace appaṃ gahitaṃ, bahu avasiṭṭhaṃ, yojanato paraṃ agantvā antoyojanaparicchede aññaṃ gaṇavācakaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘ime āyasmā uddesādīhi saṅgaṇhatū’’ti vattabbaṃ. Evaṃ alabhamānena ‘‘mayhamāvuso, ekaṃ kiccaṃ atthi, tumhe yathāphāsukaṭṭhānāni gacchathā’’ti gaṇaṃ pahāya attano kammaṃ kattabbanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kamma</span>nti navakammaṃ. Taṃ karontena vaḍḍhakīādīhi laddhāladdhaṃ jānitabbaṃ, katākate ussukkaṃ āpajjitabbanti sabbadā palibodho hoti. Sopi evaṃ upacchinditabbo, sace appaṃ avasiṭṭhaṃ hoti niṭṭhapetabbaṃ. Sace bahu, saṅghikañce navakammaṃ, saṅghassa vā saṅghabhārahārakabhikkhūnaṃ vā niyyādetabbaṃ. Attano santakañce, attano bhārahārakānaṃ niyyādetabbaṃ. Tādise alabhantena saṅghassa pariccajitvā gantabbanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Addhāna</span>nti <a name="M1.0091"></a> maggagamanaṃ. Yassa hi katthaci pabbajjāpekkho vā hoti, paccayajātaṃ vā <a name="V1.0093"></a> kiñci laddhabbaṃ hoti. Sace taṃ alabhanto na sakkoti adhivāsetuṃ, araññaṃ pavisitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karontassapi gamikacittaṃ nāma duppaṭivinodanīyaṃ hoti, tasmā gantvā taṃ kiccaṃ tīretvāva samaṇadhamme ussukkaṃ kātabbanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ñātī</span>ti vihāre ācariyupajjhāyasaddhivihārikaantevāsikasamānupajjhāyakasamānācariyakā, ghare mātā pitā bhātāti evamādikā. Te gilānā imassa palibodhā honti, tasmā so palibodho upaṭṭhahitvā tesaṃ pākatikakaraṇena upacchinditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha upajjhāyo tāva gilāno sace lahuṃ na vuṭṭhāti, yāvajīvampi paṭijaggitabbo. Tathā pabbajjācariyo upasampadācariyo saddhivihāriko upasampāditapabbājitaantevāsikasamānupajjhāyakā ca. Nissayācariyauddesācariyanissayantevāsikauddesantevāsikasamānācariyakā pana yāva nissayauddesā anupacchinnā, tāva paṭijaggitabbā. Pahontena tato uddhampi paṭijaggitabbā eva. Mātāpitūsu upajjhāye viya paṭipajjitabbaṃ. Sacepi hi te rajje ṭhitā honti, puttato ca upaṭṭhānaṃ paccāsīsanti, kātabbameva. Atha tesaṃ bhesajjaṃ natthi, attano santakaṃ dātabbaṃ. Asati bhikkhācariyāya pariyesitvāpi dātabbameva. Bhātubhaginīnaṃ pana tesaṃ santakameva yojetvā dātabbaṃ. Sace natthi attano santakaṃ tāvakālikaṃ datvā pacchā labhantena gaṇhitabbaṃ. Alabhantena na codetabbā. Aññātakassa bhaginisāmikassa bhesajjaṃ neva kātuṃ na dātuṃ vaṭṭati. ‘‘Tuyhaṃ sāmikassa dehī’’ti vatvā pana bhaginiyā dātabbaṃ. Bhātujāyāyapi eseva nayo. Tesaṃ pana puttā imassa ñātakā evāti tesaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ābādho</span>ti yokoci rogo. So bādhayamāno palibodho hoti, tasmā bhesajjakaraṇena upacchinditabbo. Sace pana katipāhaṃ bhesajjaṃ karontassapi na vūpasammati, nāhaṃ tuyhaṃ dāso, na bhaṭako, taṃyeva <a name="M1.0092"></a> hi posento anamatagge saṃsāravaṭṭe dukkhaṃ pattoti attabhāvaṃ garahitvā samaṇadhammo kātabboti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Gantho</span>ti <a name="V1.0094"></a> pariyattiharaṇaṃ. Taṃ sajjhāyādīhi niccabyāvaṭassa palibodho hoti, na itarassa. Tatrimāni vatthūni –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Majjhimabhāṇakadevatthero kira malayavāsidevattherassa santikaṃ gantvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ yāci. Thero kīdisosi, āvuso, pariyattiyanti pucchi. Majjhimo me, bhante, paguṇoti. Āvuso, majjhimo nāmeso dupparihāro, mūlapaṇṇāsaṃ sajjhāyantassa majjhimapaṇṇāsako āgacchati, taṃ sajjhāyantassa uparipaṇṇāsako. Kuto tuyhaṃ kammaṭṭhānanti? Bhante, tumhākaṃ santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ labhitvā puna na olokessāmīti kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā ekūnavīsativassāni sajjhāyaṃ akatvā vīsatime vasse arahattaṃ patvā sajjhāyatthāya āgatānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ‘‘vīsati me, āvuso, vassāni pariyattiṃ anolokentassa, apica kho kataparicayo ahamettha ārabhathā’’ti vatvā ādito paṭṭhāya yāva pariyosānā ekabyañjanepissa kaṅkhā nāhosi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Karuḷiyagirivāsīnāgattheropi aṭṭhārasavassāni pariyattiṃ chaḍḍetvā bhikkhūnaṃ dhātukathaṃ uddisi. Tesaṃ gāmavāsikattherehi saddhiṃ saṃsandentānaṃ ekapañhopi uppaṭipāṭiyā āgato nāhosi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mahāvihārepi tipiṭakacūḷābhayatthero nāma aṭṭhakathaṃ anuggahetvāva pañcanikāyamaṇḍale tīṇi piṭakāni parivattessāmīti suvaṇṇabheriṃ paharāpesi. Bhikkhusaṅgho katamācariyānaṃ uggaho, attano ācariyuggahaññeva vadatu, itarathā vattuṃ na demāti āha. Upajjhāyopi naṃ attano upaṭṭhānamāgataṃ pucchi ‘‘tvamāvuso, bheriṃ paharāpesī’’ti? Āma, bhante. Kiṃ kāraṇāti? Pariyattiṃ, bhante, parivattessāmīti. Āvuso abhaya, ācariyā idaṃ padaṃ kathaṃ vadantīti? Evaṃ vadanti, bhanteti. Thero hunti paṭibāhi. Puna so aññena aññena pariyāyena evaṃ vadanti bhanteti tikkhattuṃ āha. Thero sabbaṃ hunti paṭibāhitvā ‘‘āvuso, tayā <a name="M1.0093"></a> paṭhamaṃ kathito eva ācariyamaggo, ācariyamukhato pana anuggahitattā ‘evaṃ ācariyā vadantī’ti saṇṭhātuṃ nāsakkhi. Gaccha attano ācariyānaṃ santike suṇāhī’’ti. Kuhiṃ, bhante, gacchāmīti? Gaṅgāya parato rohaṇajanapade tulādhārapabbatavihāre sabbapariyattiko mahādhammarakkhitatthero nāma vasati, tassa santikaṃ gacchāti. Sādhu, bhanteti theraṃ vanditvā pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ therassa santikaṃ gantvā vanditvā nisīdi. Thero kasmā āgatosīti <a name="V1.0095"></a> pucchi. Dhammaṃ sotuṃ, bhanteti. Āvuso abhaya, dīghamajjhimesu maṃ kālena kālaṃ pucchanti. Avasesaṃ pana me tiṃsamattāni vassāni na olokitapubbaṃ. Apica tvaṃ rattiṃ mama santike parivattehi. Ahaṃ te divā kathayissāmīti. So sādhu, bhanteti tathā akāsi. Pariveṇadvāre mahāmaṇḍapaṃ kāretvā gāmavāsino divase divase dhammassavanatthāya āgacchanti. Thero rattiṃ parivatti. Taṃ divā kathayanto anupubbena desanaṃ niṭṭhapetvā abhayattherassa santike taṭṭikāya nisīditvā ‘‘āvuso, mayhaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathehī’’ti āha. Bhante, kiṃ bhaṇatha, nanu mayā tumhākameva santike sutaṃ? Kimahaṃ tumhehi aññātaṃ kathessāmīti? Tato naṃ thero añño esa, āvuso, gatakassa maggo nāmāti āha. Abhayathero kira tadā sotāpanno hoti. Athassa so kammaṭṭhānaṃ datvā āgantvā lohapāsāde dhammaṃ parivattento thero parinibbutoti assosi. Sutvā ‘‘āharathāvuso, cīvara’’nti cīvaraṃ pārupitvā ‘‘anucchaviko, āvuso, amhākaṃ ācariyassa arahattamaggo. Ācariyo no, āvuso, uju ājānīyo. So attano dhammantevāsikassa santike taṭṭikāya nisīditvā ‘mayhaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathehī’ti āha. Anucchaviko, āvuso, therassa arahattamaggo’’ti. Evarūpānaṃ gantho palibodho na hotīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Iddhī</span>ti pothujjanikā iddhi. Sā hi uttānaseyyakadārako viya taruṇasassaṃ viya ca dupparihārā hoti. Appamattakeneva bhijjati. Sā pana vipassanāya palibodho hoti, na samādhissa, samādhiṃ patvā pattabbato. Tasmā vipassanatthikena iddhipalibodho upacchinditabbo, itarena avasesāti ayaṃ tāva palibodhakathāya vitthāro.</p>
<p class="subhead">Kammaṭṭhānadāyakavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para42"></a><span class="paranum">42</span>. <span class="bld">Kammaṭṭhānadāyakaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0094"></a> <span class="bld">kalyāṇamittaṃ upasaṅkamitvā</span>ti ettha pana duvidhaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ sabbatthakakammaṭṭhānaṃ pārihāriyakammaṭṭhānañca. Tattha sabbatthakakammaṭṭhānaṃ nāma bhikkhusaṅghādīsu mettā maraṇassati ca. Asubhasaññātipi eke.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kammaṭṭhānikena hi bhikkhunā paṭhamaṃ tāva paricchinditvā sīmaṭṭhakabhikkhusaṅghe sukhitā hontu abyāpajjāti mettā bhāvetabbā. Tato sīmaṭṭhakadevatāsu. Tato gocaragāmamhi issarajane. Tato <a name="V1.0096"></a> tattha manusse upādāya sabbasattesu. So hi bhikkhusaṅghe mettāya sahavāsīnaṃ muducittataṃ janeti. Athassa te sukhasaṃvāsā honti. Sīmaṭṭhakadevatāsu mettāya mudukatacittāhi devatāhi dhammikāya rakkhāya susaṃvihitarakkho hoti. Gocaragāmamhi issarajane mettāya mudukatacittasantānehi issarehi dhammikāya rakkhāya surakkhitaparikkhāro hoti. Tattha manussesu mettāya pasāditacittehi tehi aparibhūto hutvā vicarati. Sabbasattesu mettāya sabbattha appaṭihatacāro hoti. Maraṇassatiyā pana avassaṃ mayā maritabbanti cintento anesanaṃ pahāya uparūpari vaḍḍhamānasaṃvego anolīnavuttiko hoti. Asubhasaññāparicitacittassa panassa dibbānipi ārammaṇāni lobhavasena cittaṃ na pariyādiyanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ bahūpakārattā sabbattha atthayitabbaṃ icchitabbanti ca adhippetassa yogānuyogakammassa ṭhānañcāti <span class="bld">sabbatthakakammaṭṭhāna</span>nti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Cattālīsāya pana kammaṭṭhānesu yaṃ yassa cariyānukūlaṃ, taṃ tassa niccaṃ pariharitabbattā uparimassa ca uparimassa bhāvanākammassa padaṭṭhānattā <span class="bld">pārihāriyakammaṭṭhāna</span>nti vuccati. Iti imaṃ duvidhampi kammaṭṭhānaṃ yo deti, ayaṃ <span class="bld">kammaṭṭhānadāyako</span> nāma. Taṃ kammaṭṭhānadāyakaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kalyāṇamittanti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Piyo garu bhāvanīyo, vattā ca vacanakkhamo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Gambhīrañca kathaṃ kattā, no caṭṭhāne niyojakoti. (a. ni. 7.37);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamādiguṇasamannāgataṃ ekantena hitesiṃ vuddhipakkhe ṭhitaṃ kalyāṇamittaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Mamaṃ <a name="M1.0095"></a> hi, ānanda, kalyāṇamittaṃ āgamma jātidhammā sattā jātiyā parimuccantī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 1.129; 5.2) ādivacanato pana sammāsambuddhoyeva sabbākārasampanno kalyāṇamitto. Tasmā tasmiṃ sati tasseva bhagavato santike gahitakammaṭṭhānaṃ sugahitaṃ hoti. Parinibbute pana tasmiṃ asītiyā mahāsāvakesu yo dharati, tassa <a name="V1.0097"></a> santike gahetuṃ vaṭṭati. Tasmiṃ asati yaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetukāmo hoti, tasseva vasena catukkapañcakajjhānāni nibbattetvā jhānapadaṭṭhānaṃ vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā āsavakkhayappattassa khīṇāsavassa santike gahetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiṃ pana khīṇāsavo ahaṃ khīṇāsavoti attānaṃ pakāsetīti? Kiṃ vattabbaṃ, kārakabhāvaṃ hi jānitvā pakāseti. Nanu assaguttatthero āraddhakammaṭṭhānassa bhikkhuno ‘‘kammaṭṭhānakārako aya’’nti jānitvā ākāse cammakhaṇḍaṃ paññāpetvā tattha pallaṅkena nisinno kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathesīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmā sace khīṇāsavaṃ labhati, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ, no ce labhati, anāgāmisakadāgāmisotāpannajhānalābhīputhujjanatipiṭakadharadvipiṭakadharaekapiṭakadharesu purimassa purimassa santike. Ekapiṭakadharepi asati yassa ekasaṅgītipi aṭṭhakathāya saddhiṃ paguṇā, ayañca lajjī hoti, tassa santike gahetabbaṃ. Evarūpo hi tantidharo vaṃsānurakkhako paveṇīpālako ācariyo ācariyamatikova hoti, na attanomatiko hoti. Teneva porāṇakattherā ‘‘lajjī rakkhissati lajjī rakkhissatī’’ti tikkhattuṃ āhaṃsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pubbe vuttakhīṇāsavādayo cettha attanā adhigatamaggameva ācikkhanti. Bahussuto pana taṃ taṃ ācariyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā uggahaparipucchānaṃ visodhitattā ito cito ca suttañca kāraṇañca sallakkhetvā sappāyāsappāyaṃ yojetvā gahanaṭṭhāne gacchanto mahāhatthī viya mahāmaggaṃ dassento kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathessati. Tasmā evarūpaṃ kammaṭṭhānadāyakaṃ kalyāṇamittaṃ upasaṅkamitvā tassa vattapaṭipattiṃ katvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sace <a name="M1.0096"></a> panetaṃ ekavihāreyeva labhati, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ, no ce labhati, yattha so vasati, tattha gantabbaṃ. Gacchantena ca na dhotamakkhitehi pādehi upāhanā ārūhitvā chattaṃ gahetvā telanāḷimadhuphāṇitādīni gāhāpetvā antevāsikaparivutena gantabbaṃ. Gamikavattaṃ pana pūretvā attano pattacīvaraṃ sayameva gahetvā antarāmagge yaṃ yaṃ vihāraṃ pavisati sabbattha vattapaṭipattiṃ kurumānena sallahukaparikkhārena paramasallekhavuttinā hutvā gantabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Taṃ <a name="V1.0098"></a> vihāraṃ pavisantena antarāmaggeyeva dantakaṭṭhaṃ kappiyaṃ kārāpetvā gahetvā pavisitabbaṃ, na ca ‘‘muhuttaṃ vissametvā pādadhovanamakkhanādīni katvā ācariyassa santikaṃ gamissāmī’’ti aññaṃ pariveṇaṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Kasmā? Sace hissa tatra ācariyassa visabhāgā bhikkhū bhaveyyuṃ, te āgamanakāraṇaṃ pucchitvā ācariyassa avaṇṇaṃ pakāsetvā ‘‘naṭṭhosi, sace tassa santikaṃ āgato’’ti vippaṭisāraṃ uppādeyyuṃ, yena tatova paṭinivatteyya, tasmā ācariyassa vasanaṭṭhānaṃ pucchitvā ujukaṃ tattheva gantabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sace ācariyo daharataro hoti, pattacīvarapaṭiggahaṇādīni na sāditabbāni. Sace vuḍḍhataro hoti, gantvā ācariyaṃ vanditvā ṭhātabbaṃ. ‘‘Nikkhipāvuso, pattacīvara’’nti vuttena nikkhipitabbaṃ. ‘‘Pānīyaṃ pivā’’ti vuttena sace icchati pātabbaṃ. ‘‘Pāde dhovāhī’’ti vuttena na tāva pādā dhovitabbā. Sace hi ācariyena ābhataṃ udakaṃ bhaveyya, na sāruppaṃ siyā. ‘‘Dhovāhāvuso, na mayā ābhataṃ, aññehi ābhata’’nti vuttena pana yattha ācariyo na passati, evarūpe paṭicchanne vā okāse, abbhokāse vihārassāpi vā ekamante nisīditvā pādā dhovitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sace ācariyo telanāḷiṃ āharati uṭṭhahitvā ubhohi hatthehi sakkaccaṃ gahetabbā. Sace hi na gaṇheyya, ‘‘ayaṃ bhikkhu ito eva paṭṭhāya sambhogaṃ kopetī’’ti ācariyassa aññathattaṃ bhaveyya. Gahetvā pana na āditova pādā makkhetabbā. Sace hi taṃ ācariyassa gattabbhañjanatelaṃ bhaveyya, na sāruppaṃ siyā. Tasmā sīsaṃ makkhetvā <a name="M1.0097"></a> khandhādīni makkhetabbāni. ‘‘Sabbapārihāriyatelamidaṃ, āvuso, pādepi makkhehī’’ti vuttena pana thokaṃ sīse katvā pāde makkhetvā ‘‘imaṃ telanāḷiṃ ṭhapemi, bhante’’ti vatvā ācariye gaṇhante dātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āgatadivasato paṭṭhāya kammaṭṭhānaṃ me, bhante, kathetha iccevaṃ na vattabbaṃ. Dutiyadivasato pana paṭṭhāya sace ācariyassa pakatiupaṭṭhāko atthi, taṃ yācitvā vattaṃ kātabbaṃ. Sace yācitopi na deti, okāse laddheyeva kātabbaṃ. Karontena khuddakamajjhimamahantāni tīṇi dantakaṭṭhāni upanāmetabbāni. Sītaṃ uṇhanti duvidhaṃ mukhadhovanaudakañca nhānodakañca paṭiyādetabbaṃ. Tato yaṃ ācariyo tīṇi divasāni paribhuñjati, tādisameva niccaṃ upanāmetabbaṃ. Niyamaṃ akatvā yaṃ vā taṃ vā paribhuñjantassa yathāladdhaṃ upanāmetabbaṃ. Kiṃ bahunā <a name="V1.0099"></a> vuttena? Yaṃ taṃ bhagavatā ‘‘antevāsikena, bhikkhave, ācariyamhi sammā vattitabbaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ sammā vattanā, kālasseva uṭṭhāya upāhanā omuñcitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā dantakaṭṭhaṃ dātabbaṃ, mukhodakaṃ dātabbaṃ, āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Sace yāgu hoti, bhājanaṃ dhovitvā yāgu upanāmetabbā’’ti (mahāva. 78) ādikaṃ khandhake sammāvattaṃ paññattaṃ, taṃ sabbampi kātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ vattasampattiyā garuṃ ārādhayamānena sāyaṃ vanditvā yāhīti vissajjitena gantabbaṃ, yadā so kissāgatosīti pucchati, tadā āgamanakāraṇaṃ kathetabbaṃ. Sace so neva pucchati, vattaṃ pana sādiyati, dasāhe vā pakkhe vā vītivatte ekadivasaṃ vissajjitenāpi agantvā okāsaṃ kāretvā āgamanakāraṇaṃ ārocetabbaṃ. Akāle vā gantvā kimatthamāgatosīti puṭṭhena ārocetabbaṃ. Sace so pātova āgacchāti vadati, pātova gantabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sace panassa tāya velāya pittābādhena vā kucchi pariḍayhati, aggimandatāya vā bhattaṃ na jīrati, añño vā koci rogo bādhati, taṃ yathābhūtaṃ āvikatvā attano sappāyavelaṃ ārocetvā tāya velāya upasaṅkamitabbaṃ. Asappāyavelāya hi vuccamānampi kammaṭṭhānaṃ na sakkā hoti manasikātunti. Ayaṃ kammaṭṭhānadāyakaṃ kalyāṇamittaṃ upasaṅkamitvāti ettha vitthāro.</p>
<p class="subhead">Cariyāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para43"></a><span class="paranum">43</span>. Idāni <a name="M1.0098"></a> attano cariyānukūlanti ettha <span class="bld">cariyā</span>ti cha cariyā rāgacariyā, dosacariyā, mohacariyā, saddhācariyā, buddhicariyā, vitakkacariyāti. Keci pana rāgādīnaṃ saṃsaggasannipātavasena aparāpi catasso, tathā saddhādīnanti imāhi aṭṭhahi saddhiṃ cuddasa icchanti. Evaṃ pana bhede vuccamāne rāgādīnaṃ saddhādīhipi saṃsaggaṃ katvā anekā cariyā honti, tasmā saṅkhepena chaḷeva cariyā veditabbā. Cariyā, pakati, ussannatāti atthato ekaṃ. Tāsaṃ vasena chaḷeva puggalā honti rāgacarito, dosacarito, mohacarito, saddhācarito, buddhicarito, vitakkacaritoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="V1.0100"></a> yasmā rāgacaritassa kusalappavattisamaye saddhā balavatī hoti, rāgassa āsannaguṇattā. Yathā hi akusalapakkhe rāgo siniddho nātilūkho, evaṃ kusalapakkhe saddhā. Yathā rāgo vatthukāme pariyesati, evaṃ saddhā sīlādiguṇe. Yathā rāgo ahitaṃ na pariccajati, evaṃ saddhā hitaṃ na pariccajati, tasmā rāgacaritassa saddhācarito sabhāgo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā pana dosacaritassa kusalappavattisamaye paññā balavatī hoti, dosassa āsannaguṇattā. Yathā hi akusalapakkhe doso nissineho na ārammaṇaṃ allīyati, evaṃ kusalapakkhe paññā. Yathā ca doso abhūtampi dosameva pariyesati, evaṃ paññā bhūtaṃ dosameva. Yathā doso sattaparivajjanākārena pavattati, evaṃ paññā saṅkhāraparivajjanākārena, tasmā dosacaritassa buddhicarito sabhāgo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā pana mohacaritassa anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya vāyamamānassa yebhuyyena antarāyakarā vitakkā uppajjanti, mohassa āsannalakkhaṇattā. Yathā hi moho paribyākulatāya anavaṭṭhito, evaṃ vitakko nānappakāravitakkanatāya. Yathā ca moho apariyogāhaṇatāya cañcalo. Tathā vitakko lahuparikappanatāya, tasmā mohacaritassa vitakkacarito sabhāgoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apare taṇhāmānadiṭṭhivasena aparāpi tisso cariyā vadanti. Tattha taṇhā rāgoyeva, māno ca taṃsampayuttoti tadubhayaṃ rāgacariyaṃ nātivattati<a name="M1.0099"></a>. Mohanidānattā ca diṭṭhiyā diṭṭhicariyā mohacariyameva anupatati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para44"></a><span class="paranum">44</span>. Tā panetā cariyā kinnidānā? Kathañca jānitabbaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ puggalo rāgacarito, ayaṃ puggalo dosādīsu aññataracarito’’ti? Kiṃ caritassa puggalassa kiṃ sappāyanti?</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra purimā tāva tisso cariyā pubbāciṇṇanidānā, dhātudosanidānā cāti ekacce vadanti. Pubbe kira iṭṭhappayogasubhakammabahulo rāgacarito hoti, saggā vā cavitvā idhūpapanno. Pubbe chedanavadhabandhanaverakammabahulo dosacarito hoti, nirayanāgayonīhi vā cavitvā idhūpapanno. Pubbe majjapānabahulo sutaparipucchāvihīno ca mohacarito hoti, tiracchānayoniyā <a name="V1.0101"></a> vā cavitvā idhūpapannoti evaṃ pubbāciṇṇanidānāti vadanti. Dvinnaṃ pana dhātūnaṃ ussannattā puggalo mohacarito hoti pathavīdhātuyā ca āpodhātuyā ca. Itarāsaṃ dvinnaṃ ussannattā dosacarito. Sabbāsaṃ samattā pana rāgacaritoti. Dosesu ca semhādhiko rāgacarito hoti. Vātādhiko mohacarito. Semhādhiko vā mohacarito. Vātādhiko rāgacaritoti evaṃ dhātudosanidānāti vadanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yasmā pubbe iṭṭhappayogasubhakammabahulāpi saggā cavitvā idhūpapannāpi ca na sabbe rāgacaritāyeva honti, na itare vā dosamohacaritā. Evaṃ dhātūnañca yathāvutteneva nayena ussadaniyamo nāma natthi. Dosaniyame ca rāgamohadvayameva vuttaṃ, tampi ca pubbāparaviruddhameva. Saddhācariyādīsu ca ekissāpi nidānaṃ na vuttameva. Tasmā sabbametaṃ aparicchinnavacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ panettha aṭṭhakathācariyānaṃ matānusārena vinicchayo, vuttañhetaṃ ussadakittane (dha. sa. aṭṭha. 498) ‘‘ime sattā pubbahetuniyāmena lobhussadā dosussadā mohussadā alobhussadā adosussadā amohussadā ca honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yassa <a name="M1.0100"></a> hi kammāyūhanakkhaṇe lobho balavā hoti alobho mando, adosāmohā balavanto dosamohā mandā, tassa mando alobho lobhaṃ pariyādātuṃ na sakkoti. Adosāmohā pana balavanto dosamohe pariyādātuṃ sakkoti. Tasmā so tena kammena dinnapaṭisandhivasena nibbatto luddho hoti sukhasīlo akkodhano paññavā vajirūpamañāṇo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yassa pana kammāyūhanakkhaṇe lobhadosā balavanto honti alobhādosā mandā, amoho balavā moho mando, so purimanayeneva luddho ceva hoti duṭṭho ca. Paññavā pana hoti vajirūpamañāṇo dattābhayatthero viya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yassa kammāyūhanakkhaṇe lobhādosamohā balavanto honti itare mandā, so purimanayeneva luddho ceva hoti dandho ca, sīlako pana hoti akkodhano (bākulatthero viya).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā <a name="V1.0102"></a> yassa kammāyūhanakkhaṇe tayopi lobhadosamohā balavanto honti alobhādayo mandā, so purimanayeneva luddho ceva hoti duṭṭho ca mūḷho ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yassa pana kammāyūhanakkhaṇe alobhadosamohā balavanto honti itare mandā, so purimanayeneva aluddho appakileso hoti dibbārammaṇampi disvā niccalo, duṭṭho pana hoti dandhapañño ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yassa pana kammāyūhanakkhaṇe alobhādosamohā balavanto honti itare mandā, so purimanayeneva aluddho ceva hoti aduṭṭho sīlako ca, dandho pana hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā yassa kammāyūhanakkhaṇe alobhadosāmohā balavanto honti itare mandā, so purimanayeneva aluddho ceva hoti paññavā ca, duṭṭho ca pana hoti kodhano.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yassa <a name="M1.0101"></a> pana kammāyūhanakkhaṇe tayopi alobhādosāmohā balavanto honti lobhādayo mandā, so purimanayeneva mahāsaṅgharakkhitatthero viya aluddho aduṭṭho paññavā ca hotī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca yo luddhoti vutto, ayaṃ rāgacarito. Duṭṭhadandhā dosamohacaritā. Paññavā buddhicarito. Aluddhaaduṭṭhā pasannapakatitāya saddhācaritā. Yathā vā amohaparivārena kammunā nibbatto buddhicarito, evaṃ balavasaddhāparivārena kammunā nibbatto saddhācarito. Kāmavitakkādiparivārena kammunā nibbatto vitakkacarito. Lobhādinā vomissaparivārena kammunā nibbatto vomissacaritoti. Evaṃ lobhādīsu aññataraññataraparivāraṃ paṭisandhijanakaṃ kammaṃ cariyānaṃ nidānanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para45"></a><span class="paranum">45</span>. Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ kathañca jānitabbaṃ ayaṃ puggalo rāgacaritotiādi. Tatrāyaṃ nayo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Iriyāpathato kiccā, bhojanā dassanādito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dhammappavattito ceva, cariyāyo vibhāvayeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="V1.0103"></a> <span class="bld">iriyāpathato</span>ti rāgacarito hi pakatigamanena gacchanto cāturiyena gacchati, saṇikaṃ pādaṃ nikkhipati, samaṃ nikkhipati, samaṃ uddharati, ukkuṭikañcassa padaṃ hoti. Dosacarito pādaggehi khaṇanto viya gacchati, sahasā pādaṃ nikkhipati, sahasā uddharati, anukaḍḍhitañcassa padaṃ hoti. Mohacarito paribyākulāya gatiyā gacchati, chambhito viya padaṃ nikkhipati, chambhito viya uddharati, sahasānupīḷitañcassa padaṃ hoti. Vuttampi cetaṃ māgaṇḍiyasuttuppattiyaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Rattassa hi ukkuṭikaṃ padaṃ bhave,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Duṭṭhassa hoti anukaḍḍhitaṃ padaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Mūḷhassa hoti sahasānupīḷitaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vivaṭṭacchadassa idamīdisaṃ pada’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ṭhānampi <a name="M1.0102"></a> rāgacaritassa pāsādikaṃ hoti madhurākāraṃ, dosacaritassa thaddhākāraṃ, mohacaritassa ākulākāraṃ. Nisajjāyapi eseva nayo. Rāgacarito ca ataramāno samaṃ seyyaṃ paññapetvā saṇikaṃ nipajjitvā aṅgapaccaṅgāni samodhāya pāsādikena ākārena sayati, vuṭṭhāpiyamāno ca sīghaṃ avuṭṭhāya saṅkito viya saṇikaṃ paṭivacanaṃ deti. Dosacarito taramāno yathā vā tathā vā seyyaṃ paññapetvā pakkhittakāyo bhākuṭiṃ katvā sayati, vuṭṭhāpiyamāno ca sīghaṃ vuṭṭhāya kupito viya paṭivacanaṃ deti. Mohacarito dussaṇṭhānaṃ seyyaṃ paññapetvā vikkhittakāyo bahulaṃ adhomukho sayati, vuṭṭhāpiyamāno ca huṅkāraṃ karonto dandhaṃ vuṭṭhāti. Saddhācaritādayo pana yasmā rāgacaritādīnaṃ sabhāgā, tasmā tesampi tādisova iriyāpatho hotīti. Evaṃ tāva iriyāpathato cariyāyo vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kiccā</span>ti sammajjanādīsu ca kiccesu rāgacarito sādhukaṃ sammajjaniṃ gahetvā ataramāno vālikaṃ avippakiranto sinduvārakusumasantharamiva santharanto suddhaṃ samaṃ sammajjati. Dosacarito gāḷhaṃ sammajjaniṃ gahetvā taramānarūpo ubhato vālikaṃ ussārento kharena saddena asuddhaṃ visamaṃ sammajjati. Mohacarito sithilaṃ sammajjaniṃ gahetvā samparivattakaṃ āḷolayamāno asuddhaṃ visamaṃ sammajjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā sammajjane, evaṃ cīvaradhovanarajanādīsupi sabbakiccesu nipuṇamadhurasamasakkaccakārī <a name="V1.0104"></a> rāgacarito. Gāḷhathaddhavisamakārī dosacarito. Anipuṇabyākulavisamāparicchinnakārī mohacarito. Cīvaradhāraṇampi ca rāgacaritassa nātigāḷhaṃ nātisithilaṃ hoti pāsādikaṃ parimaṇḍalaṃ. Dosacaritassa atigāḷhaṃ aparimaṇḍalaṃ. Mohacaritassa sithilaṃ paribyākulaṃ. Saddhācaritādayo tesaṃyevānusārena veditabbā, taṃ sabhāgattāti. Evaṃ kiccato cariyāyo vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhojanā</span>ti rāgacarito siniddhamadhurabhojanappiyo hoti, bhuñjamāno ca nātimahantaṃ parimaṇḍalaṃ ālopaṃ katvā rasapaṭisaṃvedī ataramāno bhuñjati, kiñcideva ca sāduṃ labhitvā somanassaṃ āpajjati<a name="M1.0103"></a>. Dosacarito lūkhaambilabhojanappiyo hoti, bhuñjamāno ca mukhapūrakaṃ ālopaṃ katvā arasapaṭisaṃvedī taramāno bhuñjati, kiñcideva ca asāduṃ labhitvā domanassaṃ āpajjati. Mohacarito aniyataruciko hoti, bhuñjamāno ca aparimaṇḍalaṃ parittaṃ ālopaṃ katvā bhājane chaḍḍento mukhaṃ makkhento vikkhittacitto taṃ taṃ vitakkento bhuñjati. Saddhācaritādayopi tesaṃyevānusārena veditabbā, taṃsabhāgattāti. Evaṃ bhojanato cariyāyo vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dassanādito</span>ti rāgacarito īsakampi manoramaṃ rūpaṃ disvā vimhayajāto viya ciraṃ oloketi, parittepi guṇe sajjati, bhūtampi dosaṃ na gaṇhāti, pakkamantopi amuñcitukāmova hutvā sāpekkho pakkamati. Dosacarito īsakampi amanoramaṃ rūpaṃ disvā kilantarūpo viya na ciraṃ oloketi, parittepi dose paṭihaññati, bhūtampi guṇaṃ na gaṇhāti, pakkamantopi muñcitukāmova hutvā anapekkho pakkamati. Mohacarito yaṃkiñci rūpaṃ disvā parapaccayiko hoti, paraṃ nindantaṃ sutvā nindati, pasaṃsantaṃ sutvā pasaṃsati, sayaṃ pana aññāṇupekkhāya upekkhakova hoti. Esa nayo saddasavanādīsupi. Saddhācaritādayo pana tesaṃyevānusārena veditabbā, taṃsabhāgattāti. Evaṃ dassanādito cariyāyo vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhammappavattito cevā</span>ti rāgacaritassa ca māyā, sāṭheyyaṃ, māno, pāpicchatā, mahicchatā, asantuṭṭhitā, siṅgaṃ, cāpalyanti evamādayo dhammā bahulaṃ pavattanti. Dosacaritassa kodho, upanāho, makkho, paḷāso, issā, macchariyanti evamādayo. Mohacaritassa thinaṃ, middhaṃ, uddhaccaṃ, kukkuccaṃ, vicikicchā, ādhānaggāhitā, duppaṭinissaggitāti evamādayo. Saddhācaritassa <a name="V1.0105"></a> muttacāgatā, ariyānaṃ dassanakāmatā, saddhammaṃ sotukāmatā, pāmojjabahulatā, asaṭhatā, amāyāvitā, pasādanīyesu ṭhānesu pasādoti evamādayo. Buddhicaritassa sovacassatā, kalyāṇamittatā, bhojanemattaññutā, satisampajaññaṃ, jāgariyānuyogo, saṃvejanīyesu ṭhānesu saṃvego, saṃviggassa ca yoniso padhānanti evamādayo. Vitakkacaritassa bhassabahulatā, gaṇārāmatā, kusalānuyoge arati, anavaṭṭhitakiccatā, rattiṃ dhūmāyanā<a name="M1.0104"></a>, divā pajjalanā, hurāhuraṃ dhāvanāti evamādayo dhammā bahulaṃ pavattantīti. Evaṃ dhammappavattito cariyāyo vibhāvaye.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā pana idaṃ cariyāvibhāvanavidhānaṃ sabbākārena neva pāḷiyaṃ na aṭṭhakathāyaṃ āgataṃ, kevalaṃ ācariyamatānusārena vuttaṃ, tasmā na sārato paccetabbaṃ. Rāgacaritassa hi vuttāni iriyāpathādīni dosacaritādayopi appamādavihārino kātuṃ sakkonti. Saṃsaṭṭhacaritassa ca puggalassa ekasseva bhinnalakkhaṇā iriyāpathādayo na upapajjanti. Yaṃ panetaṃ aṭṭhakathāsu cariyāvibhāvanavidhānaṃ vuttaṃ, tadeva sārato paccetabbaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘cetopariyañāṇassa lābhī ācariyo cariyaṃ ñatvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathessati, itarena antevāsiko pucchitabbo’’ti. Tasmā cetopariyañāṇena vā taṃ vā puggalaṃ pucchitvā jānitabbaṃ. Ayaṃ puggalo rāgacarito, ayaṃ dosādīsu aññataracaritoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para46"></a><span class="paranum">46</span>. Kiṃ caritassa puggalassa kiṃ sappāyanti ettha pana senāsanaṃ tāva rāgacaritassa adhotavedikaṃ bhūmaṭṭhakaṃ akatapabbhārakaṃ tiṇakuṭikaṃ paṇṇasālādīnaṃ aññataraṃ rajokiṇṇaṃ jatukābharitaṃ oluggaviluggaṃ atiuccaṃ vā atinīcaṃ vā ujjaṅgalaṃ sāsaṅkaṃ asucivisamamaggaṃ, yattha mañcapīṭhampi maṅkuṇabharitaṃ durūpaṃ dubbaṇṇaṃ, yaṃ olokentasseva jigucchā uppajjati, tādisaṃ sappāyaṃ. Nivāsanapārupanaṃ antacchinnaṃ olambavilambasuttakākiṇṇaṃ jālapūvasadisaṃ sāṇi viya kharasamphassaṃ kiliṭṭhaṃ bhārikaṃ kicchapariharaṇaṃ sappāyaṃ. Pattopi dubbaṇṇo mattikāpatto vā āṇigaṇṭhikāhato ayopatto vā garuko dussaṇṭhāno sīsakapālamiva jeguccho vaṭṭati. Bhikkhācāramaggopi amanāpo anāsannagāmo visamo vaṭṭati. Bhikkhācāragāmopi yattha manussā apassantā viya caranti, yattha ekakulepi bhikkhaṃ alabhitvā nikkhamantaṃ ‘‘ehi, bhante’’ti āsanasālaṃ pavesetvā yāgubhattaṃ datvā gacchantā gāvī viya vaje pavesetvā anapalokentā gacchanti, tādiso vaṭṭati<a name="V1.0106"></a>. Parivisakamanussāpi dāsā vā kammakarā vā dubbaṇṇā duddasikā kiliṭṭhavasanā duggandhā jegucchā, ye acittīkārena yāgubhattaṃ chaḍḍentā viya parivisanti, tādisā sappāyā. Yāgubhattakhajjakampi lūkhaṃ dubbaṇṇaṃ sāmākakudrūsakakaṇājakādimayaṃ <a name="M1.0105"></a> pūtitakkaṃ bilaṅgaṃ jiṇṇasākasūpeyyaṃ yaṃkiñcideva kevalaṃ udarapūramattaṃ vaṭṭati. Iriyāpathopissa ṭhānaṃ vā caṅkamo vā vaṭṭati. Ārammaṇaṃ nīlādīsu vaṇṇakasiṇesu yaṃkiñci aparisuddhavaṇṇanti idaṃ rāgacaritassa sappāyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dosacaritassa senāsanaṃ nātiuccaṃ nātinīcaṃ chāyūdakasampannaṃ suvibhattabhittithambhasopānaṃ supariniṭṭhitamālākammalatākammanānāvidhacittakammasamujjalasamasiniddhamudubhūmitalaṃ brahmavimānamiva kusumadāmavicitravaṇṇacelavitānasamalaṅkataṃ supaññattasucimanoramattharaṇamañcapīṭhaṃ tattha tattha vāsatthāya nikkhittakusumavāsagandhasugandhaṃ yaṃ dassanamatteneva pītipāmojjaṃ janayati, evarūpaṃ sappāyaṃ. Tassa pana senāsanassa maggopi sabbaparissayavimutto sucisamatalo alaṅkatapaṭiyattova vaṭṭati. Senāsanaparikkhāropettha kīṭamaṅkuṇadīghajātimūsikānaṃ nissayaparicchindanatthaṃ nātibahuko, ekamañcapīṭhamattameva vaṭṭati. Nivāsanapārupanampissa cīnapaṭṭasomārapaṭṭakoseyyakappāsikasukhumakhomādīnaṃ yaṃ yaṃ paṇītaṃ, tena tena ekapaṭṭaṃ vā dupaṭṭaṃ vā sallahukaṃ samaṇasāruppena surattaṃ suddhavaṇṇaṃ vaṭṭati. Patto udakapupphuḷamiva susaṇṭhāno maṇi viya sumaṭṭho nimmalo samaṇasāruppena suparisuddhavaṇṇo ayomayo vaṭṭati. Bhikkhācāramaggo parissayavimutto samo manāpo nātidūranāccāsannagāmo vaṭṭati. Bhikkhācāragāmopi yattha manussā ‘‘idāni ayyo āgamissatī’’ti sittasammaṭṭhe padese āsanaṃ paññāpetvā paccuggantvā pattaṃ ādāya gharaṃ pavesetvā paññattāsane nisīdāpetvā sakkaccaṃ sahatthā parivisanti, tādiso vaṭṭati. Parivesakā panassa ye honti abhirūpā pāsādikā sunhātā suvilittā dhūpavāsakusumagandhasurabhino nānāvirāgasucimanuññavatthābharaṇapaṭimaṇḍitā sakkaccakārino, tādisā sappāyā. Yāgubhattakhajjakampi vaṇṇagandharasasampannaṃ ojavantaṃ manoramaṃ sabbākārapaṇītaṃ yāvadatthaṃ vaṭṭati. Iriyāpathopissa seyyā vā nisajjā vā vaṭṭati, ārammaṇaṃ nīlādīsu vaṇṇakasiṇesu yaṃkiñci suparisuddhavaṇṇanti idaṃ dosacaritassa sappāyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mohacaritassa <a name="M1.0106"></a> senāsanaṃ disāmukhaṃ asambādhaṃ vaṭṭati, yattha nisinnassa vivaṭā disā khāyanti<a name="V1.0107"></a>, iriyāpathesu caṅkamo vaṭṭati. Ārammaṇaṃ panassa parittaṃ suppamattaṃ sarāvamattaṃ vā (khuddakaṃ) na vaṭṭati. Sambādhasmiñhi okāse cittaṃ bhiyyo sammohamāpajjati, tasmā vipulaṃ mahākasiṇaṃ vaṭṭati. Sesaṃ dosacaritassa vuttasadisamevāti idaṃ mohacaritassa sappāyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Saddhācaritassa sabbampi dosacaritamhi vuttavidhānaṃ sappāyaṃ. Ārammaṇesu cassa anussatiṭṭhānampi vaṭṭati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Buddhicaritassa senāsanādīsu idaṃ nāma asappāyanti natthi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vitakkacaritassa senāsanaṃ vivaṭaṃ disāmukhaṃ yattha nisinnassa ārāmavanapokkharaṇīrāmaṇeyyakāni gāmanigamajanapadapaṭipāṭiyo nīlobhāsā ca pabbatā paññāyanti, taṃ na vaṭṭati, tañhi vitakkavidhāvanasseva paccayo hoti, tasmā gambhīre darīmukhe vanappaṭicchanne hatthikucchipabbhāramahindaguhāsadise senāsane vasitabbaṃ. Ārammaṇampissa vipulaṃ na vaṭṭati. Tādisañhi vitakkavasena sandhāvanassa paccayo hoti. Parittaṃ pana vaṭṭati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sesaṃ rāgacaritassa vuttasadisamevāti idaṃ vitakkacaritassa sappāyaṃ. Ayaṃ attano cariyānukūlanti ettha āgatacariyānaṃ pabhedanidānavibhāvanasappāyaparicchedato vitthāro. Na ca tāva cariyānukūlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ sabbākārena āvikataṃ. Tañhi anantarassa mātikāpadassa vitthāre sayameva āvibhavissati.</p>
<p class="subhead">Cattālīsakammaṭṭhānavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para47"></a><span class="paranum">47</span>. Tasmā yaṃ vuttaṃ cattālīsāya kammaṭṭhānesu aññataraṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvāti ettha saṅkhātaniddesato, upacārappanāvahato, jhānappabhedato, samatikkamato, vaḍḍhanāvaḍḍhanato, ārammaṇato, bhūmito, gahaṇato, paccayato, cariyānukūlatoti imehi tāva dasahākārehi kammaṭṭhānavinicchayo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M1.0107"></a> <span class="bld">saṅkhātaniddesato</span>ti cattālīsāya kammaṭṭhānesūti hi vuttaṃ, tatrimāni cattālīsa kammaṭṭhānāni <a name="V1.0108"></a> dasa kasiṇā, dasa asubhā, dasa anussatiyo, cattāro brahmavihārā, cattāro āruppā, ekā saññā, ekaṃ vavatthānanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha pathavīkasiṇaṃ, āpokasiṇaṃ, tejokasiṇaṃ, vāyokasiṇaṃ, nīlakasiṇaṃ, pītakasiṇaṃ, lohitakasiṇaṃ, odātakasiṇaṃ, ālokakasiṇaṃ, paricchinnākāsakasiṇanti ime <span class="bld">dasa kasiṇā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Uddhumātakaṃ, vinīlakaṃ, vipubbakaṃ, vicchiddakaṃ, vikkhāyitakaṃ, vikkhittakaṃ, hatavikkhittakaṃ, lohitakaṃ, puḷuvakaṃ, aṭṭhikanti ime <span class="bld">dasa asubhā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Buddhānussati, dhammānussati, saṅghānussati, sīlānussati, cāgānussati, devatānussati, maraṇānussati, kāyagatāsati, ānāpānassati, upasamānussatīti imā <span class="bld">dasa anussatiyo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mettā, karuṇā, muditā, upekkhāti ime <span class="bld">cattāro brahmavihārā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ, viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ, ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ, nevasaññānāsaññāyatananti ime <span class="bld">cattāro āruppā</span>. Āhāre paṭikūlasaññā <span class="bld">ekā saññā</span>. Catudhātuvavatthānaṃ <span class="bld">ekaṃ vavatthāna</span>nti evaṃ saṅkhātaniddesato vinicchayo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Upacārappanāvahato</span>ti ṭhapetvā kāyagatāsatiñca ānāpānassatiñca avasesā aṭṭha anussatiyo, āhāre paṭikūlasaññā, catudhātuvavatthānanti imāneva hettha dasakammaṭṭhānāni upacāravahāni. Sesāni appanāvahāni. Evaṃ upacārappanāvahato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Jhānappabhedato</span>ti appanāvahesu cettha ānāpānassatiyā saddhiṃ dasa kasiṇā catukkajjhānikā honti. Kāyagatāsatiyā saddhiṃ dasa asubhā paṭhamajjhānikā. Purimā tayo brahmavihārā tikajjhānikā. Catutthabrahmavihāro cattāro ca āruppā catutthajjhānikāti evaṃ jhānappabhedato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Samatikkamato</span>ti dve samatikkamā aṅgasamatikkamo ca ārammaṇasamatikkamo ca. Tattha sabbesupi <a name="V1.0109"></a> tikacatukkajjhānikesu kammaṭṭhānesu aṅgasamatikkamo <a name="M1.0108"></a> hoti vitakkavicārādīni jhānaṅgāni samatikkamitvā tesvevārammaṇesu dutiyajjhānādīnaṃ pattabbato. Tathā catutthabrahmavihāre. Sopi hi mettādīnaṃyeva ārammaṇe somanassaṃ samatikkamitvā pattabboti. Catūsu pana āruppesu ārammaṇasamatikkamo hoti. Purimesu hi navasu kasiṇesu aññataraṃ samatikkamitvā ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ pattabbaṃ. Ākāsādīni ca samatikkamitvā viññāṇañcāyatanādīni. Sesesu samatikkamo natthīti evaṃ samatikkamato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vaḍḍhanāvaḍḍhanato</span>ti imesu cattālīsāya kammaṭṭhānesu dasa kasiṇāneva vaḍḍhetabbāni. Yattakañhi okāsaṃ kasiṇena pharati, tadabbhantare dibbāya sotadhātuyā saddaṃ sotuṃ dibbena cakkhunā rūpāni passituṃ parasattānañca cetasā cittamaññātuṃ samattho hoti. Kāyagatāsati pana asubhāni ca na vaḍḍhetabbāni. Kasmā? Okāsena paricchinnattā ānisaṃsābhāvā ca. Sā ca nesaṃ okāsena paricchinnatā bhāvanānaye āvibhavissati. Tesu pana vaḍḍhitesu kuṇaparāsiyeva vaḍḍhati, na koci ānisaṃso atthi. Vuttampi cetaṃ sopākapañhābyākaraṇe, ‘‘vibhūtā bhagavā rūpasaññā avibhūtā aṭṭhikasaññā’’ti. Tatra hi nimittavaḍḍhanavasena rūpasaññā vibhūtāti vuttā. Aṭṭhikasaññā avaḍḍhanavasena avibhūtāti vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yaṃ panetaṃ ‘‘kevalaṃ aṭṭhisaññāya, apharī pathaviṃ ima’’nti (theragā. 18) vuttaṃ, taṃ lābhissa sato upaṭṭhānākāravasena vuttaṃ. Yatheva hi dhammāsokakāle karavīkasakuṇo samantā ādāsabhittīsu attano chāyaṃ disvā sabbadisāsu karavīkasaññī hutvā madhuraṃ giraṃ nicchāresi, evaṃ theropi aṭṭhikasaññāya lābhittā sabbadisāsu upaṭṭhitaṃ nimittaṃ passanto kevalāpi pathavī aṭṭhikabharitāti cintesīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi evaṃ yā asubhajjhānānaṃ appamāṇārammaṇatā vuttā, sā virujjhatīti. Sā ca na virujjhati. Ekacco hi uddhumātake vā aṭṭhike vā mahante nimittaṃ gaṇhāti. Ekacco appake. Iminā pariyāyena ekaccassa parittārammaṇaṃ jhānaṃ hoti. Ekaccassa appamāṇārammaṇanti. Yo vā etaṃ vaḍḍhane ādīnavaṃ apassanto vaḍḍheti. Taṃ sandhāya ‘‘appamāṇārammaṇa’’nti vuttaṃ. Ānisaṃsābhāvā pana na vaḍḍhetabbānīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā <a name="M1.0109"></a><a name="V1.0110"></a> ca etāni, evaṃ sesānipi na vaḍḍhetabbāni. Kasmā? Tesu hi ānāpānanimittaṃ tāva vaḍḍhayato vātarāsiyeva vaḍḍhati, okāsena ca paricchinnaṃ. Iti sādīnavattā okāsena ca paricchinnattā na vaḍḍhetabbaṃ. Brahmavihārā sattārammaṇā, tesaṃ nimittaṃ vaḍḍhayato sattarāsiyeva vaḍḍheyya, na ca tena attho atthi, tasmā tampi na vaḍḍhetabbaṃ. Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā’’ti (dī. ni. 1.556) ādi, taṃ pariggahavaseneva vuttaṃ. Ekāvāsadviāvāsādinā hi anukkamena ekissā disāya satte pariggahetvā bhāvento ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvāti vutto. Na nimittaṃ vaḍḍhento. Paṭibhāganimittameva cettha natthi. Yadayaṃ vaḍḍheyya, parittaappamāṇārammaṇatāpettha pariggahavaseneva veditabbā. Āruppārammaṇesupi ākāsaṃ kasiṇugghāṭimattā. Tañhi kasiṇāpagamavaseneva manasi kātabbaṃ. Tato paraṃ vaḍḍhayatopi na kiñci hoti. Viññāṇaṃ sabhāvadhammattā. Na hi sakkā sabhāvadhammaṃ vaḍḍhetuṃ. Viññāṇāpagamo viññāṇassa abhāvamattattā. Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanārammaṇaṃ sabhāvadhammattāyeva na vaḍḍhetabbaṃ. Sesāni animittattā. Paṭibhāganimittañhi vaḍḍhetabbaṃ nāma bhaveyya. Buddhānussatiādīnañca neva paṭibhāganimittaṃ ārammaṇaṃ hoti, tasmā taṃ na vaḍḍhetabbanti evaṃ vaḍḍhanāvaḍḍhanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ārammaṇato</span>ti imesu ca cattālīsāya kammaṭṭhānesu dasakasiṇā, dasaasubhā, ānāpānassati, kāyagatāsatīti imāni dvāvīsatipaṭibhāganimittārammaṇāni. Sesāni na paṭibhāganimittārammaṇāni. Tathā dasasu anussatīsu ṭhapetvā ānāpānassatiñca kāyagatāsatiñca avasesā aṭṭha anussatiyo, āhāre paṭikūlasaññā, catudhātuvavatthānaṃ, viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ, nevasaññānāsaññāyatananti imāni dvādasa sabhāvadhammārammaṇāni. Dasa kasiṇā, dasa asubhā, ānāpānassati, kāyagatāsatīti imāni dvāvīsati nimittārammaṇāni. Sesāni cha na vattabbārammaṇāni. Tathā vipubbakaṃ, lohitakaṃ, puḷuvakaṃ, ānāpānassati, āpokasiṇaṃ, tejokasiṇaṃ, vāyokasiṇaṃ, yañca ālokakasiṇe sūriyādīnaṃ obhāsamaṇḍalārammaṇanti imāni aṭṭha calitārammaṇāni, tāni ca kho pubbabhāge, paṭibhāgaṃ pana sannisinnameva hoti. Sesāni na calitārammaṇānīti evaṃ ārammaṇato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhūmito</span>ti <a name="M1.0110"></a> ettha ca dasa asubhā, kāyagatāsati, āhāre paṭikūlasaññāti imāni dvādasa devesu nappavattanti. Tāni dvādasa, ānāpānassati cāti imāni terasa brahmaloke nappavattanti<a name="V1.0111"></a>. Arūpabhave pana ṭhapetvā cattāro āruppe aññaṃ nappavattati. Manussesu sabbānipi pavattantīti evaṃ bhūmito.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Gahaṇato</span>ti diṭṭhaphuṭṭhasutaggahaṇatopettha vinicchayo veditabbo. Tatra ṭhapetvā vāyokasiṇaṃ sesā nava kasiṇā, dasa asubhāti imāni ekūnavīsati diṭṭhena gahetabbāni. Pubbabhāge cakkhunā oloketvā nimittaṃ nesaṃ gahetabbanti attho. Kāyagatāsatiyaṃ tacapañcakaṃ diṭṭhena, sesaṃ sutenāti evaṃ tassā ārammaṇaṃ diṭṭhasutena gahetabbaṃ. Ānāpānassati phuṭṭhena, vāyokasiṇaṃ diṭṭhaphuṭṭhena, sesāni aṭṭhārasa sutena gahetabbāni. Upekkhābrahmavihāro, cattāro āruppāti imāni cettha na ādikammikena gahetabbāni. Sesāni pañcatiṃsa gahetabbānīti evaṃ gahaṇato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paccayato</span>ti imesu pana kammaṭṭhānesu ṭhapetvā ākāsakasiṇaṃ sesā nava kasiṇā āruppānaṃ paccayā honti, dasa kasiṇā abhiññānaṃ, tayo brahmavihārā catutthabrahmavihārassa, heṭṭhimaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ āruppaṃ uparimassa uparimassa, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ nirodhasamāpattiyā, sabbānipi sukhavihāravipassanābhavasampattīnanti evaṃ paccayato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cariyānukūlato</span>ti cariyānaṃ anukūlatopettha vinicchayo veditabbo. Seyyathidaṃ – rāgacaritassa tāva ettha dasa asubhā, kāyagatāsatīti ekādasa kammaṭṭhānāni anukūlāni. Dosacaritassa cattāro brahmavihārā, cattāri vaṇṇakasiṇānīti aṭṭha. Mohacaritassa, vitakkacaritassa ca ekaṃ ānāpānassati kammaṭṭhānameva. Saddhācaritassa purimā cha anussatiyo. Buddhicaritassa maraṇassati, upasamānussati, catudhātuvavatthānaṃ, āhāre paṭikūlasaññāti cattāri. Sesakasiṇāni, cattāro ca āruppā sabbacaritānaṃ anukūlāni. Kasiṇesu ca yaṃkiñci parittaṃ vitakkacaritassa, appamāṇaṃ mohacaritassāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamettha <a name="M1.0111"></a> cariyānukūlato vinicchayo veditabboti sabbañcetaṃ ujuvipaccanīkavasena ca atisappāyavasena ca vuttaṃ. Rāgādīnaṃ pana avikkhambhikā saddhādīnaṃ vā anupakārā kusalabhāvanā nāma natthi. Vuttampi cetaṃ meghiyasutte –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Cattāro dhammā uttari bhāvetabbā. Asubhā bhāvetabbā rāgassa pahānāya. Mettā bhāvetabbā byāpādassa <a name="V1.0112"></a> pahānāya. Ānāpānassati bhāvetabbā vitakkupacchedāya. Aniccasaññā bhāvetabbā asmimānasamugghātāyā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Rāhulasuttepi ‘‘mettaṃ, rāhula, bhāvanaṃ bhāvehī’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 2.120) nayena ekasseva satta kammaṭṭhānāni vuttāni. Tasmā vacanamatte abhinivesaṃ akatvā sabbattha adhippāyo pariyesitabboti ayaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvāti ettha kammaṭṭhānakathā vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para48"></a><span class="paranum">48</span>. <span class="bld">Gahetvā</span>ti imassa pana padassa ayamatthadīpanā. ‘‘Tena yoginā kammaṭṭhānadāyakaṃ kalyāṇamittaṃ upasaṅkamitvā’’ti ettha vuttanayeneva vuttappakāraṃ kalyāṇamittaṃ upasaṅkamitvā buddhassa vā bhagavato ācariyassa vā attānaṃ niyyātetvā sampannajjhāsayena sampannādhimuttinā ca hutvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ yācitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra ‘‘imāhaṃ bhagavā attabhāvaṃ tumhākaṃ pariccajāmī’’ti evaṃ buddhassa bhagavato attā niyyātetabbo. Evañhi aniyyātetvā pantesu senāsanesu viharanto bheravārammaṇe āpāthamāgate santhambhituṃ asakkonto gāmantaṃ osaritvā gihīhi saṃsaṭṭho hutvā anesanaṃ āpajjitvā anayabyasanaṃ pāpuṇeyya. Niyyātitattabhāvassa panassa bheravārammaṇe āpāthamāgatepi bhayaṃ na uppajjati. ‘‘Nanu tayā, paṇḍita, purimameva attā buddhānaṃ niyyātito’’ti paccavekkhato panassa somanassameva uppajjati. Yathā hi purisassa uttamaṃ kāsikavatthaṃ bhaveyya, tassa tasmiṃ mūsikāya vā kīṭehi vā khādite uppajjeyya domanassaṃ<a name="M1.0112"></a>. Sace pana taṃ acīvarakassa bhikkhuno dadeyya, athassa taṃ tena bhikkhunā khaṇḍākhaṇḍaṃ kariyamānaṃ disvāpi somanassameva uppajjeyya. Evaṃsampadamidaṃ veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ācariyassa niyyātentenāpi ‘‘imāhaṃ, bhante, attabhāvaṃ tumhākaṃ pariccajāmī’’ti vattabbaṃ. Evaṃ aniyyātitattabhāvo hi atajjanīyo vā hoti, dubbaco vā anovādakaro, yenakāmaṃgamo vā ācariyaṃ anāpucchāva yatthicchati, tattha gantā, tamenaṃ ācariyo āmisena vā dhammena vā na saṅgaṇhāti, gūḷhaṃ ganthaṃ na sikkhāpeti. So imaṃ duvidhaṃ saṅgahaṃ alabhanto sāsane patiṭṭhaṃ na labhati, nacirasseva dussīlyaṃ vā gihibhāvaṃ vā pāpuṇāti. Niyyātitattabhāvo pana neva atajjanīyo hoti, na yenakāmaṃgamo, suvaco ācariyāyattavuttiyeva <a name="V1.0113"></a> hoti. So ācariyato duvidhaṃ saṅgahaṃ labhanto sāsane vuḍḍhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ pāpuṇāti cūḷapiṇḍapātikatissattherassa antevāsikā viya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Therassa kira santikaṃ tayo bhikkhū āgamaṃsu. Tesu eko ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, tumhākamatthāyā’’ti vutte sataporise papāte patituṃ ussaheyyanti āha. Dutiyo ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, tumhākamatthāyā’’ti vutte imaṃ attabhāvaṃ paṇhito paṭṭhāya pāsāṇapiṭṭhe ghaṃsento niravasesaṃ khepetuṃ ussaheyyanti āha. Tatiyo ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, tumhākamatthāyā’’ti vutte assāsapassāse uparundhitvā kālakiriyaṃ kātuṃ ussaheyyanti āha. Thero bhabbāvatime bhikkhūti kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathesi. Te tassa ovāde ṭhatvā tayopi arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsūti ayamānisaṃso attaniyyātane. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘buddhassa vā bhagavato ācariyassa vā attānaṃ niyyātetvā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para49"></a><span class="paranum">49</span>. <span class="bld">Sampannajjhāsayena sampannādhimuttinā ca hutvā</span>ti ettha pana tena yoginā alobhādīnaṃ vasena chahākārehi sampannajjhāsayena bhavitabbaṃ. Evaṃ sampannajjhāsayo hi tissannaṃ bodhīnaṃ aññataraṃ pāpuṇāti. Yathāha, ‘‘cha ajjhāsayā bodhisattānaṃ bodhiparipākāya saṃvattanti, alobhajjhāsayā ca bodhisattā lobhe dosadassāvino, adosajjhāsayā <a name="M1.0113"></a> ca bodhisattā dose dosadassāvino, amohajjhāsayā ca bodhisattā mohe dosadassāvino, nekkhammajjhāsayā ca bodhisattā gharāvāse dosadassāvino, pavivekajjhāsayā ca bodhisattā saṅgaṇikāya dosadassāvino, nissaraṇajjhāsayā ca bodhisattā sabbabhavagatīsu dosadassāvino’’ti. Ye hi keci atītānāgatapaccuppannā sotāpannasakadāgāmianāgāmikhīṇāsavapaccekabuddhasammāsambuddhā, sabbe te imeheva chahākārehi attanā attanā pattabbaṃ visesaṃ pattā. Tasmā imehi chahākārehi sampannajjhāsayena bhavitabbaṃ. Tadadhimuttatāya pana adhimuttisampannena bhavitabbaṃ. Samādhādhimuttena samādhigarukena samādhipabbhārena, nibbānādhimuttena nibbānagarukena nibbānapabbhārena ca bhavitabbanti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para50"></a><span class="paranum">50</span>. Evaṃ sampannajjhāsayādhimuttino panassa kammaṭṭhānaṃ yācato cetopariyañāṇalābhinā ācariyena cittācāraṃ oloketvā cariyā jānitabbā. Itarena kiṃ caritosi? Ke vā te dhammā bahulaṃ samudācaranti? Kiṃ vā te manasikaroto phāsu hoti? Katarasmiṃ vā te kammaṭṭhāne <a name="V1.0114"></a> cittaṃ namatīti evamādīhi nayehi pucchitvā jānitabbā. Evaṃ ñatvā cariyānukūlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathentena ca tividhena kathetabbaṃ. Pakatiyā uggahitakammaṭṭhānassa ekaṃ dve nisajjāni sajjhāyaṃ kāretvā dātabbaṃ. Santike vasantassa āgatāgatakkhaṇe kathetabbaṃ. Uggahetvā aññatra gantukāmassa nātisaṃkhittaṃ nātivitthārikaṃ katvā kathetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha pathavīkasiṇaṃ tāva kathentena cattāro kasiṇadosā, kasiṇakaraṇaṃ, katassa bhāvanānayo, duvidhaṃ nimittaṃ, duvidho samādhi, sattavidhaṃ sappāyāsappāyaṃ, dasavidhaṃ appanākosallaṃ, vīriyasamatā, appanāvidhānanti ime nava ākārā kathetabbā. Sesakammaṭṭhānesupi tassa tassa anurūpaṃ kathetabbaṃ. Taṃ sabbaṃ tesaṃ bhāvanāvidhāne āvibhavissati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ kathiyamāne pana kammaṭṭhāne tena yoginā nimittaṃ gahetvā sotabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Nimittaṃ gahetvā</span>ti idaṃ heṭṭhimapadaṃ, idaṃ uparimapadaṃ, ayamassa attho<a name="M1.0114"></a>, ayamadhippāyo, idamopammanti evaṃ taṃ taṃ ākāraṃ upanibandhitvāti attho. Evaṃ nimittaṃ gahetvā sakkaccaṃ suṇantena hi kammaṭṭhānaṃ suggahitaṃ hoti. Athassa taṃ nissāya visesādhigamo sampajjati, na itarassāti ayaṃ gahetvāti imassa padassa atthaparidīpanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā kalyāṇamittaṃ upasaṅkamitvā attano cariyānukūlaṃ cattālīsāya kammaṭṭhānesu aññataraṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvāti imāni padāni sabbākārena vitthāritāni hontīti.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge</p>
<p class="centered">Samādhibhāvanādhikāre</p>
<p class="centered">Kammaṭṭhānaggahaṇaniddeso nāma</p>
<p class="centered">Tatiyo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="chapter">4. Pathavīkasiṇaniddeso</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para51"></a><span class="paranum">51</span>. Idāni <a name="M1.0115"></a><a name="V1.0115"></a> yaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘samādhibhāvanāya ananurūpaṃ vihāraṃ pahāya anurūpe vihāre viharantenā’’ti ettha yassa tāvācariyena saddhiṃ ekavihāre vasato phāsu hoti, tena tattheva kammaṭṭhānaṃ parisodhentena vasitabbaṃ. Sace tattha phāsu na hoti, yo añño gāvute vā aḍḍhayojane vā yojanamattepi vā sappāyo vihāro hoti, tattha vasitabbaṃ. Evañhi sati kammaṭṭhānassa kismiñcideva ṭhāne sandehe vā satisammose vā jāte kālasseva vihāre vattaṃ katvā antarāmagge piṇḍāya caritvā bhattakiccapariyosāneyeva ācariyassa vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā taṃdivasamācariyassa santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ sodhetvā dutiyadivase ācariyaṃ vanditvā nikkhamitvā antarāmagge piṇḍāya caritvā akilamantoyeva attano vasanaṭṭhānaṃ āgantuṃ sakkhissati. Yo pana yojanappamāṇepi phāsukaṭṭhānaṃ na labhati, tena kammaṭṭhāne sabbaṃ gaṇṭhiṭṭhānaṃ chinditvā suvisuddhaṃ āvajjanapaṭibaddhaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ katvā dūrampi gantvā samādhibhāvanāya ananurūpaṃ vihāraṃ pahāya anurūpe vihāre vihātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Ananurūpavihāro</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para52"></a><span class="paranum">52</span>. Tattha ananurūpo nāma aṭṭhārasannaṃ dosānaṃ aññatarena samannāgato. Tatrime aṭṭhārasa dosā – mahattaṃ, navattaṃ, jiṇṇattaṃ, panthanissitattaṃ, soṇḍī, paṇṇaṃ, pupphaṃ, phalaṃ, patthanīyatā, nagarasannissitatā, dārusannissitatā, khettasannissitatā, visabhāgānaṃ puggalānaṃ atthitā, paṭṭanasannissitatā, paccantasannissitatā, rajjasīmasannissitatā, asappāyatā, kalyāṇamittānaṃ alābhoti imesaṃ aṭṭhārasannaṃ dosānaṃ aññatarena dosena samannāgato ananurūpo nāma. Na tattha vihātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmā? <span class="bld">Mahāvihāre</span> tāva bahū nānāchandā sannipatanti, te aññamaññaṃ paṭiviruddhatāya vattaṃ <a name="V1.0116"></a> na karonti. Bodhiyaṅgaṇādīni asammaṭṭhāneva honti. Anupaṭṭhāpitaṃ pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ gocaragāme piṇḍāya <a name="M1.0116"></a> carissāmīti pattacīvaramādāya nikkhanto sace passati vattaṃ vā akataṃ pānīyaghaṭaṃ vā rittaṃ, athānena vattaṃ kātabbaṃ hoti, pānīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Akaronto vattabhede dukkaṭaṃ āpajjati. Karontassa kālo atikkamati, atidivā paviṭṭho niṭṭhitāya bhikkhāya kiñci na labhati. Paṭisallānagatopi sāmaṇeradaharabhikkhūnaṃ uccāsaddena saṅghakammehi ca vikkhipati. Yattha pana sabbaṃ vattaṃ katameva hoti, avasesāpi ca saṅghaṭṭanā natthi. Evarūpe mahāvihārepi vihātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Navavihāre</span> bahu navakammaṃ hoti, akarontaṃ ujjhāyanti. Yattha pana bhikkhū evaṃ vadanti ‘‘āyasmā yathāsukhaṃ samaṇadhammaṃ karotu, mayaṃ navakammaṃ karissāmā’’ti evarūpe vihātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Jiṇṇavihāre</span> pana bahu paṭijaggitabbaṃ hoti, antamaso attano senāsanamattampi appaṭijaggantaṃ ujjhāyanti, paṭijaggantassa kammaṭṭhānaṃ parihāyati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Panthanissite</span> mahāpathavihāre rattindivaṃ āgantukā sannipatanti. Vikāle āgatānaṃ attano senāsanaṃ datvā rukkhamūle vā pāsāṇapiṭṭhe vā vasitabbaṃ hoti. Punadivasepi evamevāti kammaṭṭhānassa okāso na hoti. Yattha pana evarūpo āgantukasambādho na hoti, tattha vihātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Soṇḍī</span> nāma pāsāṇapokkharaṇī hoti, tattha pānīyatthaṃ mahājano samosarati, nagaravāsīnaṃ rājakulūpakattherānaṃ antevāsikā rajanakammatthāya āgacchanti, tesaṃ bhājanadārudoṇikādīni pucchantānaṃ asuke ca asuke ca ṭhāneti dassetabbāni honti, evaṃ sabbakālampi niccabyāvaṭo hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yattha nānāvidhaṃ sākapaṇṇaṃ hoti, tatthassa kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā divāvihāraṃ nisinnassāpi santike sākahārikā gāyamānā paṇṇaṃ uccinantiyo visabhāgasaddasaṅghaṭṭanena kammaṭṭhānantarāyaṃ karonti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yattha <a name="V1.0117"></a> pana nānāvidhā mālāgacchā supupphitā honti, tatrāpi tādisoyeva upaddavo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yattha <a name="M1.0117"></a> nānāvidhaṃ ambajambupanasādiphalaṃ hoti, tattha phalatthikā āgantvā yācanti, adentassa kujjhanti, balakkārena vā gaṇhanti, sāyanhasamaye vihāramajjhe caṅkamantena te disvā ‘‘kiṃ upāsakā evaṃ karothā’’ti vuttā yathāruci akkosanti. Avāsāyapissa parakkamanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Patthanīye</span> pana leṇasammate dakkhiṇagirihatthikucchicetiyagiricittalapabbatasadise vihāre viharantaṃ ayamarahāti sambhāvetvā vanditukāmā manussā samantā osaranti, tenassa na phāsu hoti, yassa pana taṃ sappāyaṃ hoti, tena divā aññatra gantvā rattiṃ vasitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nagarasannissite</span> visabhāgārammaṇāni āpāthamāgacchanti, kumbhadāsiyopi ghaṭehi nighaṃsantiyo gacchanti, okkamitvā maggaṃ na denti, issaramanussāpi vihāramajjhe sāṇiṃ parikkhipitvā nisīdanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dārusannissaye</span> pana yattha kaṭṭhāni ca dabbupakaraṇarukkhā ca santi, tattha kaṭṭhahārikā pubbe vuttasākapupphahārikā viya aphāsuṃ karonti, vihāre rukkhā santi, te chinditvā gharāni karissāmāti manussā āgantvā chindanti. Sace sāyanhasamayaṃ padhānagharā nikkhamitvā vihāramajjhe caṅkamanto te disvā ‘‘kiṃ upāsakā evaṃ karothā’’ti vadati, yathāruci akkosanti, avāsāyapissa parakkamanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yo pana <span class="bld">khettasannissito</span> hoti samantā khettehi parivārito, tattha manussā vihāramajjheyeva khalaṃ katvā dhaññaṃ maddanti, pamukhesu sayanti, aññampi bahuṃ aphāsuṃ karonti. Yatrāpi mahāsaṅghabhogo hoti, ārāmikā kulānaṃ gāvo rundhanti, udakavāraṃ paṭisedhenti, manussā vīhisīsaṃ gahetvā ‘‘passatha tumhākaṃ ārāmikānaṃ kamma’’nti saṅghassa dassenti. Tena tena kāraṇena rājarājamahāmattānaṃ gharadvāraṃ gantabbaṃ hoti, ayampi khettasannissiteneva saṅgahito.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Visabhāgānaṃ puggalānaṃ atthitā</span>ti yattha aññamaññaṃ visabhāgaverī bhikkhū viharanti, ye kalahaṃ <a name="V1.0118"></a> karontā mā, bhante, evaṃ karothāti vāriyamānā etassa paṃsukūlikassa āgatakālato paṭṭhāya naṭṭhāmhāti vattāro bhavanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yopi <a name="M1.0118"></a> udakapaṭṭanaṃ vā thalapaṭṭanaṃ vā nissito hoti, tattha abhiṇhaṃ nāvāhi ca satthehi ca āgatamanussā okāsaṃ detha, pānīyaṃ detha, loṇaṃ dethāti ghaṭṭayantā aphāsuṃ karonti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paccantasannissite</span> pana manussā buddhādīsu appasannā honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Rajjasīmasannissite</span> rājabhayaṃ hoti. Tañhi padesaṃ eko rājā na mayhaṃ vase vattatīti paharati, itaropi na mayhaṃ vase vattatīti. Tatrāyaṃ bhikkhu kadāci imassa rañño vijite vicarati, kadāci etassa. Atha naṃ ‘‘carapuriso aya’’nti maññamānā anayabyasanaṃ pāpenti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Asappāyatā</span>ti visabhāgarūpādiārammaṇasamosaraṇena vā amanussapariggahitatāya vā asappāyatā. <span class="bld">Tatridaṃ vatthu</span>. Eko kira thero araññe vasati. Athassa ekā yakkhinī paṇṇasāladvāre ṭhatvā gāyi. So nikkhamitvā dvāre aṭṭhāsi, sā gantvā caṅkamanasīse gāyi. Thero caṅkamanasīsaṃ agamāsi. Sā sataporise papāte ṭhatvā gāyi. Thero paṭinivatti. Atha naṃ sā vegenāgantvā gahetvā ‘‘mayā, bhante, na eko na dve tumhādisā khāditā’’ti āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kalyāṇamittānaṃ alābho</span>ti yattha na sakkā hoti ācariyaṃ vā ācariyasamaṃ vā upajjhāyaṃ vā upajjhāyasamaṃ vā kalyāṇamittaṃ laddhuṃ. Tattha so kalyāṇamittānaṃ alābho mahādosoyevāti imesaṃ aṭṭhārasannaṃ dosānaṃ aññatarena samannāgato ananurūpoti veditabbo. Vuttampi cetaṃ aṭṭhakathāsu –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Mahāvāsaṃ navāvāsaṃ, jarāvāsañca panthaniṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Soṇḍiṃ paṇṇañca pupphañca, phalaṃ patthitameva ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nagaraṃ dārunā khettaṃ, visabhāgena paṭṭanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paccantasīmāsappāyaṃ, yattha mitto na labbhati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Aṭṭhārasetāni <a name="V1.0119"></a> ṭhānāni, iti viññāya paṇḍito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ārakā parivajjeyya, maggaṃ sappaṭibhayaṃ yathāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Anurūpavihāro</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para53"></a><span class="paranum">53</span>. Yo <a name="M1.0119"></a> pana gocaragāmato nātidūranāccāsannatādīhi pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato, ayaṃ anurūpo nāma. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – ‘‘kathañca, bhikkhave, senāsanaṃ pañcaṅgasamannāgataṃ hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, senāsanaṃ nātidūraṃ hoti nāccāsannaṃ gamanāgamanasampannaṃ, divā appākiṇṇaṃ rattiṃ appasaddaṃ appanigghosaṃ, appaḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassaṃ, tasmiṃ kho pana senāsane viharantassa appakasireneva uppajjanti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā. Tasmiṃ kho pana senāsane therā bhikkhū viharanti bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā, te kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamitvā paripucchati paripañhati ‘idaṃ, bhante, kathaṃ imassa ko attho’ti, tassa te āyasmanto avivaṭañceva vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca uttānīkaronti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhaṭṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinodenti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, senāsanaṃ pañcaṅgasamannāgataṃ hotī’’ti (a. ni. 10.11).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ ‘‘samādhibhāvanāya ananurūpaṃ vihāraṃ pahāya anurūpe vihāre viharantenā’’ti ettha vitthāro.</p>
<p class="subhead">Khuddakapalibodhā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para54"></a><span class="paranum">54</span>. <span class="bld">Khuddakapalibodhupacchedaṃ katvā</span>ti evaṃ patirūpe vihāre viharantena yepissa te honti khuddakapalibodhā, tepi upacchinditabbā. Seyyathidaṃ, dīghāni kesanakhalomāni chinditabbāni. Jiṇṇacīvaresu daḷhīkammaṃ vā tunnakammaṃ vā kātabbaṃ. Kiliṭṭhāni vā rajitabbāni. Sace patte malaṃ hoti, patto pacitabbo. Mañcapīṭhādīni sodhetabbānīti. ‘‘Ayaṃ khuddakapalibodhupacchedaṃ katvā’’ti ettha vitthāro.</p>
<p class="subhead">Bhāvanāvidhānaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para55"></a><span class="paranum">55</span>. Idāni <a name="V1.0120"></a> <span class="bld">sabbaṃ bhāvanāvidhānaṃ aparihāpentena bhāvetabbo</span>ti ettha ayaṃ pathavīkasiṇaṃ ādiṃ katvā sabbakammaṭṭhānavasena vitthārakathā hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M1.0120"></a> upacchinnakhuddakapalibodhena hi bhikkhunā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantena bhattasammadaṃ paṭivinodetvā pavivitte okāse sukhanisinnena katāya vā akatāya vā pathaviyā nimittaṃ gaṇhitabbaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Pathavīkasiṇaṃ uggaṇhanto pathaviyaṃ nimittaṃ gaṇhāti kate vā akate vā sāntake, no anantake, sakoṭiye, no akoṭiye, savaṭṭume, no avaṭṭume, sapariyante, no apariyante, suppamatte vā sarāvamatte vā. So taṃ nimittaṃ suggahitaṃ karoti, sūpadhāritaṃ upadhāreti, suvavatthitaṃ vavatthapeti. So taṃ nimittaṃ suggahitaṃ katvā sūpadhāritaṃ upadhāretvā suvavatthitaṃ vavatthapetvā ānisaṃsadassāvī ratanasaññī hutvā cittīkāraṃ upaṭṭhapetvā sampiyāyamāno tasmiṃ ārammaṇe cittaṃ upanibandhati ‘addhā imāya paṭipadāya jarāmaraṇamhā muccissāmī’ti. So vivicceva kāmehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yena atītabhavepi sāsane vā isipabbajjāya vā pabbajitvā pathavīkasiṇe catukkapañcakajjhānāni nibbattitapubbāni, evarūpassa puññavato upanissayasampannassa akatāya pathaviyā kasitaṭṭhāne vā khalamaṇḍale vā nimittaṃ uppajjati, <span class="bld">mallakattherassa</span> viya. Tassa kirāyasmato kasitaṭṭhānaṃ olokentassa taṃṭhānappamāṇameva nimittaṃ udapādi. So taṃ vaḍḍhetvā pañcakajjhānāni nibbattetvā jhānapadaṭṭhānaṃ vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yo panevaṃ akatādhikāro hoti, tena ācariyasantike uggahitakammaṭṭhānavidhānaṃ avirādhetvā cattāro kasiṇadose pariharantena kasiṇaṃ kātabbaṃ. Nīlapītalohitaodātasambhedavasena hi cattāro pathavīkasiṇadosā. Tasmā nīlādivaṇṇaṃ mattikaṃ aggahetvā gaṅgāvahe mattikāsadisāya aruṇavaṇṇāya mattikāya kasiṇaṃ kātabbaṃ. Tañca kho vihāramajjhe sāmaṇerādīnaṃ <a name="V1.0121"></a> sañcaraṇaṭṭhāne na kātabbaṃ. Vihārapaccante pana paṭicchannaṭṭhāne pabbhāre vā paṇṇasālāya vā saṃhārimaṃ vā tatraṭṭhakaṃ vā kātabbaṃ. Tatra saṃhārimaṃ catūsu daṇḍakesu pilotikaṃ <a name="M1.0121"></a> vā cammaṃ vā kaṭasārakaṃ vā bandhitvā tattha apanītatiṇamūlasakkharakathalikāya sumadditāya mattikāya vuttappamāṇaṃ vaṭṭaṃ limpetvā kātabbaṃ. Taṃ parikammakāle bhūmiyaṃ attharitvā oloketabbaṃ. Tatraṭṭhakaṃ bhūmiyaṃ padumakaṇṇikākārena khāṇuke ākoṭetvā vallīhi vinandhitvā kātabbaṃ. Yadi sā mattikā nappahoti, adho aññaṃ pakkhipitvā uparibhāge suparisodhitāya aruṇavaṇṇāya mattikāya vidatthicaturaṅgulavitthāraṃ vaṭṭaṃ kātabbaṃ. Etadeva hi pamāṇaṃ sandhāya ‘‘suppamattaṃ vā sarāvamattaṃ vā’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Sāntake no anantake’’tiādi panassa paricchedatthāya vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para56"></a><span class="paranum">56</span>. Tasmā evaṃ vuttappamāṇaparicchedaṃ katvā rukkhapāṇikā visabhāgavaṇṇaṃ samuṭṭhapeti. Tasmā taṃ aggahetvā pāsāṇapāṇikāya ghaṃsetvā samaṃ bherītalasadisaṃ katvā taṃ ṭhānaṃ sammajjitvā nhatvā āgantvā kasiṇamaṇḍalato aḍḍhateyyahatthantare padese paññatte vidatthicaturaṅgulapādake suatthate pīṭhe nisīditabbaṃ. Tato dūratare nisinnassa hi kasiṇaṃ na upaṭṭhāti, āsannatare kasiṇadosā paññāyanti. Uccatare nisinnena gīvaṃ onamitvā oloketabbaṃ hoti, nīcatare jaṇṇukāni rujanti. Tasmā vuttanayeneva nisīditvā ‘‘appassādā kāmā’’tiādinā nayena kāmesu ādīnavaṃ paccavekkhitvā kāmanissaraṇe sabbadukkhasamatikkamupāyabhūte nekkhamme jātābhilāsena buddhadhammasaṅghaguṇānussaraṇena pītipāmojjaṃ janayitvā ‘‘ayaṃ dāni sā sabbabuddha paccekabuddha ariyasāvakehi paṭipannā nekkhammapaṭipadā’’ti paṭipattiyā sañjātagāravena ‘‘addhā imāya paṭipadāya pavivekasukharasassa bhāgī bhavissāmī’’ti ussāhaṃ janayitvā samena ākārena cakkhūni ummīletvā nimittaṃ gaṇhantena bhāvetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atiummīlayato hi cakkhu kilamati, maṇḍalañca ativibhūtaṃ hoti, tenassa nimittaṃ nuppajjati. Atimandaṃ ummīlayato maṇḍalamavibhūtaṃ hoti, cittañca līnaṃ hoti, evampi nimittaṃ nuppajjati. Tasmā ādāsatale mukhanimittadassinā viya samenākārena cakkhūni ummīletvā nimittaṃ gaṇhantena bhāvetabbaṃ, na vaṇṇo paccavekkhitabbo, na lakkhaṇaṃ manasikātabbaṃ. Apica vaṇṇaṃ <a name="M1.0122"></a> amuñcitvā nissayasavaṇṇaṃ katvā ussadavasena paṇṇattidhamme cittaṃ <a name="V1.0122"></a> paṭṭhapetvā manasi kātabbaṃ. Pathavī mahī, medinī, bhūmi, vasudhā, vasundharātiādīsu pathavīnāmesu yamicchati, yadassa saññānukūlaṃ hoti, taṃ vattabbaṃ. Apica pathavīti etadeva nāmaṃ pākaṭaṃ, tasmā pākaṭavaseneva pathavī pathavīti bhāvetabbaṃ. Kālena ummīletvā kālena nimīletvā āvajjitabbaṃ. Yāva uggahanimittaṃ nuppajjati, tāva kālasatampi kālasahassampi tato bhiyyopi eteneva nayena bhāvetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para57"></a><span class="paranum">57</span>. Tassevaṃ bhāvayato yadā nimīletvā āvajjantassa ummīlitakāle viya āpāthamāgacchati, tadā uggahanimittaṃ jātaṃ nāma hoti. Tassa jātakālato paṭṭhāya na tasmiṃ ṭhāne nisīditabbaṃ. Attano vasanaṭṭhānaṃ pavisitvā tattha nisinnena bhāvetabbaṃ. Pādadhovanapapañcaparihāratthaṃ panassa ekapaṭalikupāhanā ca kattaradaṇḍo ca icchitabbo. Athānena sace taruṇo samādhi kenacideva asappāyakāraṇena nassati, upāhanā āruyha kattaradaṇḍaṃ gahetvā taṃ ṭhānaṃ gantvā nimittaṃ ādāya āgantvā sukhanisinnena bhāvetabbaṃ, punappunaṃ samannāharitabbaṃ, takkāhataṃ vitakkāhataṃ kātabbaṃ. Tassevaṃ karontassa anukkamena nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhanti, kilesā sannisīdanti, upacārasamādhinā cittaṃ samādhiyati, paṭibhāganimittaṃ uppajjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyaṃ purimassa ca uggahanimittassa imassa ca viseso, uggahanimitte kasiṇadoso paññāyati, paṭibhāganimittaṃ thavikato nihatādāsamaṇḍalaṃ viya sudhotasaṅkhathālaṃ viya valāhakantarā nikkhantacandamaṇḍalaṃ viya meghamukhe balākā viya uggahanimittaṃ padāletvā nikkhantamiva tato sataguṇaṃ sahassaguṇaṃ suparisuddhaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti. Tañca kho neva vaṇṇavantaṃ, na saṇṭhānavantaṃ. Yadi hi taṃ īdisaṃ bhaveyya, cakkhuviññeyyaṃ siyā oḷārikaṃ sammasanupagaṃ tilakkhaṇabbhāhataṃ, na panetaṃ tādisaṃ. Kevalañhi samādhilābhino upaṭṭhānākāramattaṃ saññajametanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para58"></a><span class="paranum">58</span>. Uppannakālato ca panassa paṭṭhāya nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhitāneva honti, kilesā sannisinnāva, upacārasamādhinā cittaṃ samāhitamevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Duvidho <a name="M1.0123"></a> hi samādhi upacārasamādhi ca appanāsamādhi ca. Dvīhākārehi cittaṃ samādhiyati <a name="V1.0123"></a> upacārabhūmiyaṃ vā paṭilābhabhūmiyaṃ vā. Tattha upacārabhūmiyaṃ nīvaraṇappahānena cittaṃ samāhitaṃ hoti. Paṭilābhabhūmiyaṃ aṅgapātubhāvena.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dvinnaṃ pana samādhīnaṃ idaṃ nānākāraṇaṃ, upacāre aṅgāni na thāmajātāni honti, aṅgānaṃ athāmajātattā, yathā nāma daharo kumārako ukkhipitvā ṭhapiyamāno punappunaṃ bhūmiyaṃ patati, evameva upacāre uppanne cittaṃ kālena nimittamārammaṇaṃ karoti, kālena bhavaṅgamotarati. Appanāyaṃ pana aṅgāni thāmajātāni honti, tesaṃ thāmajātattā, yathā nāma balavā puriso āsanā vuṭṭhāya divasampi tiṭṭheyya, evameva appanāsamādhimhi uppanne cittaṃ sakiṃ bhavaṅgavāraṃ chinditvā kevalampi rattiṃ kevalampi divasaṃ tiṭṭhati, kusalajavanapaṭipāṭivaseneva pavattatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra yadetaṃ upacārasamādhinā saddhiṃ paṭibhāganimittaṃ uppannaṃ, tassa uppādanaṃ nāma atidukkaraṃ. Tasmā sace teneva pallaṅkena taṃ nimittaṃ vaḍḍhetvā appanaṃ adhigantuṃ sakkoti, sundaraṃ. No ce sakkoti, athānena taṃ nimittaṃ appamattena cakkavattigabbho viya rakkhitabbaṃ. Evañhi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nimittaṃ rakkhato laddha-parihāni na vijjati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ārakkhamhi asantamhi, laddhaṃ laddhaṃ vinassati.</p>
<p class="subhead">Sattasappāyā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para59"></a><span class="paranum">59</span>. Tatrāyaṃ rakkhaṇavidhi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Āvāso gocaro bhassaṃ, puggalo bhojanaṃ utu;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Iriyāpathoti sattete, asappāye vivajjaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sappāye satta sevetha, evañhi paṭipajjato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nacireneva kālena, hoti kassaci appanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrassa <a name="V1.0124"></a> yasmiṃ āvāse vasantassa anuppannaṃ vā nimittaṃ nuppajjati, uppannaṃ vā vinassati, anupaṭṭhitā ca sati na upaṭṭhāti, asamāhitañca cittaṃ na samādhiyati, ayaṃ asappāyo. Yattha nimittaṃ uppajjati ceva thāvarañca hoti<a name="M1.0124"></a>, sati upaṭṭhāti, cittaṃ samādhiyati nāgapabbatavāsīpadhāniyatissattherassa viya, ayaṃ sappāyo. Tasmā yasmiṃ vihāre bahū āvāsā honti, tattha ekamekasmiṃ tīṇi tīṇi divasāni vasitvā yatthassa cittaṃ ekaggaṃ hoti, tattha vasitabbaṃ. Āvāsasappāyatāya hi tambapaṇṇidīpamhi cūḷanāgaleṇe vasantā tattheva kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā pañcasatā bhikkhū arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. Sotāpannādīnaṃ pana aññattha ariyabhūmiṃ patvā tattha arahattappattānañca gaṇanā natthi. Evamaññesupi cittalapabbatavihārādīsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Gocaragāmo</span> pana yo senāsanato uttarena vā dakkhiṇena vā nātidūre diyaḍḍhakosabbhantare hoti sulabhasampannabhikkho, so sappāyo. Viparīto asappāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhassa</span>nti dvattiṃsatiracchānakathāpariyāpannaṃ asappāyaṃ, tañhissa nimittantaradhānāya saṃvattati. Dasakathāvatthunissitaṃ sappāyaṃ, tampi mattāya bhāsitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Puggalo</span>pi atiracchānakathiko sīlādiguṇasampanno, yaṃ nissāya asamāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ samādhiyati, samāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ thirataraṃ hoti, evarūpo sappāyo. Kāyadaḷhībahulo pana tiracchānakathiko asappāyo. So hi taṃ kaddamodakamiva acchaṃ udakaṃ malīnameva karoti, tādisañca āgamma koṭapabbatavāsīdaharasseva samāpattipi nassati, pageva nimittaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhojanaṃ</span> pana kassaci madhuraṃ, kassaci ambilaṃ sappāyaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Utu</span>pi kassaci sīto, kassaci uṇho sappāyo hoti. Tasmā yaṃ bhojanaṃ vā utuṃ vā sevantassa phāsu hoti, asamāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ samādhiyati, samāhitaṃ vā thirataraṃ hoti, taṃ bhojanaṃ so ca utu sappāyo. Itaraṃ bhojanaṃ itaro ca utu asappāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Iriyāpathesu</span>pi kassaci caṅkamo sappāyo hoti, kassaci sayanaṭṭhānanisajjānaṃ aññataro. Tasmā taṃ āvāsaṃ viya tīṇi divasāni upaparikkhitvā yasmiṃ iriyāpathe asamāhitaṃ <a name="V1.0125"></a> vā cittaṃ samādhiyati, samāhitaṃ vā thirataraṃ hoti, so sappāyo. Itaro asappāyoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iti <a name="M1.0125"></a> imaṃ sattavidhaṃ asappāyaṃ vajjetvā sappāyaṃ sevitabbaṃ. Evaṃ paṭipannassa hi nimittāsevanabahulassa nacireneva kālena hoti kassaci appanā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dasavidhaappanākosallaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para60"></a><span class="paranum">60</span>. Yassa pana evampi paṭipajjato na hoti, tena dasavidhaṃ appanākosallaṃ sampādetabbaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ nayo, dasāhākārehi appanākosallaṃ icchitabbaṃ, vatthuvisadakiriyato, indriyasamattapaṭipādanato, nimittakusalato, yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ paggahetabbaṃ tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ paggaṇhāti, yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ niggahetabbaṃ tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ niggaṇhāti, yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ sampahaṃsitabbaṃ tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ sampahaṃseti, yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ ajjhupekkhitabbaṃ tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ ajjhupekkhati, asamāhitapuggalaparivajjanato, samāhitapuggalasevanato, tadadhimuttatoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para61"></a><span class="paranum">61</span>. Tattha <span class="bld">vatthuvisadakiriyā</span> nāma ajjhattikabāhirānaṃ vatthūnaṃ visadabhāvakaraṇaṃ. Yadā hissa kesanakhalomāni dīghāni honti, sarīraṃ vā sedamalaggahitaṃ, tadā ajjhattikavatthu avisadaṃ hoti aparisuddhaṃ. Yadā panassa cīvaraṃ jiṇṇaṃ kiliṭṭhaṃ duggandhaṃ hoti, senāsanaṃ vā uklāpaṃ hoti, tadā bāhiravatthu avisadaṃ hoti aparisuddhaṃ. Ajjhattikabāhire ca vatthumhi avisade uppannesu cittacetasikesu ñāṇampi aparisuddhaṃ hoti, aparisuddhāni dīpakapallikavaṭṭitelāni nissāya uppannadīpasikhāya obhāso viya. Aparisuddhena ñāṇena saṅkhāre sammasato saṅkhārāpi avibhūtā honti, kammaṭṭhānamanuyuñjato kammaṭṭhānampi vuḍḍhiṃ viruḷhiṃ vepullaṃ na gacchati. Visade pana ajjhattikabāhire vatthumhi uppannesu cittacetasikesu ñāṇampi visadaṃ hoti parisuddhaṃ, parisuddhāni dīpakapallikavaṭṭitelāni nissāya uppannadīpasikhāya obhāso viya. Parisuddhena ca ñāṇena saṅkhāre sammasato saṅkhārāpi vibhūtā honti, kammaṭṭhānamanuyuñjato kammaṭṭhānampi vuḍḍhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ gacchati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para62"></a><span class="paranum">62</span>. <span class="bld">Indriyasamattapaṭipādanaṃ</span> <a name="V1.0126"></a> nāma saddhādīnaṃ indriyānaṃ samabhāvakaraṇaṃ. Sace hissa saddhindriyaṃ balavaṃ hoti itarāni mandāni, tato vīriyindriyaṃ paggahakiccaṃ<a name="M1.0126"></a>, satindriyaṃ upaṭṭhānakiccaṃ, samādhindriyaṃ avikkhepakiccaṃ, paññindriyaṃ dassanakiccaṃ kātuṃ na sakkoti, tasmā taṃ dhammasabhāvapaccavekkhaṇena vā yathā vā manasikaroto balavaṃ jātaṃ, tathā amanasikārena hāpetabbaṃ. Vakkalittheravatthu cettha nidassanaṃ. Sace pana vīriyindriyaṃ balavaṃ hoti, atha neva saddhindriyaṃ adhimokkhakiccaṃ kātuṃ sakkoti, na itarāni itarakiccabhedaṃ, tasmā taṃ passaddhādibhāvanāya hāpetabbaṃ. Tatrāpi soṇattheravatthu dassetabbaṃ. Evaṃ sesesupi ekassa balavabhāve sati itaresaṃ attano kiccesu asamatthatā veditabbā. Visesato panettha saddhāpaññānaṃ samādhivīriyānañca samataṃ pasaṃsanti. Balavasaddho hi mandapañño muddhappasanno hoti, avatthusmiṃ pasīdati. Balavapañño mandasaddho kerāṭikapakkhaṃ bhajati, bhesajjasamuṭṭhito viya rogo atekiccho hoti. Ubhinnaṃ samatāya vatthusmiṃyeva pasīdati. Balavasamādhiṃ pana mandavīriyaṃ samādhissa kosajjapakkhattā kosajjaṃ abhibhavati. Balavavīriyaṃ mandasamādhiṃ vīriyassa uddhaccapakkhattā uddhaccaṃ abhibhavati. Samādhi pana vīriyena saṃyojito kosajje patituṃ na labhati. Vīriyaṃ samādhinā saṃyojitaṃ uddhacce patituṃ na labhati, tasmā tadubhayaṃ samaṃ kātabbaṃ. Ubhayasamatāya hi appanā hoti. Apica samādhikammikassa balavatīpi saddhā vaṭṭati. Evaṃ saddahanto okappento appanaṃ pāpuṇissati. Samādhipaññāsu pana samādhikammikassa ekaggatā balavatī vaṭṭati. Evañhi so appanaṃ pāpuṇāti. Vipassanākammikassa paññā balavatī vaṭṭati. Evañhi so lakkhaṇapaṭivedhaṃ pāpuṇāti. Ubhinnaṃ pana samatāyapi appanā hotiyeva. Sati pana sabbattha balavatī vaṭṭati. Sati hi cittaṃ uddhaccapakkhikānaṃ saddhāvīriyapaññānaṃ vasena uddhaccapātato kosajjapakkhena ca samādhinā kosajjapātato rakkhati, tasmā sā loṇadhūpanaṃ viya sabbabyañjanesu, sabbakammikaamacco viya ca sabbarājakiccesu sabbattha icchitabbā. Tenāha – ‘‘sati ca pana sabbatthikā vuttā bhagavatā. Kiṃ kāraṇā? Cittañhi satipaṭisaraṇaṃ, ārakkhapaccupaṭṭhānā ca sati, na vinā satiyā cittassa paggahaniggaho hotī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para63"></a><span class="paranum">63</span>. <span class="bld">Nimittakosallaṃ</span> nāma pathavīkasiṇādikassa cittekaggatānimittassa akatassa karaṇakosallaṃ, katassa ca bhāvanākosallaṃ, bhāvanāya laddhassa rakkhaṇakosallañca, taṃ idha adhippetaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para64"></a><span class="paranum">64</span>. Kathañca <a name="M1.0127"></a><a name="V1.0127"></a> <span class="bld">yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ paggahetabbaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ paggaṇhāti</span>? Yadāssa atisithilavīriyatādīhi līnaṃ cittaṃ hoti, tadā passaddhisambojjhaṅgādayo tayo abhāvetvā dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgādayo bhāveti. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso parittaṃ aggiṃ ujjāletukāmo assa, so tattha allāni ceva tiṇāni pakkhipeyya, allāni ca gomayāni pakkhipeyya, allāni ca kaṭṭhāni pakkhipeyya, udakavātañca dadeyya, paṃsukena ca okireyya, bhabbo nu kho so, bhikkhave, puriso parittaṃ aggiṃ ujjāletunti? No hetaṃ, bhante. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yasmiṃ samaye līnaṃ cittaṃ hoti, akālo tasmiṃ samaye passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, akālo samādhi…pe… akālo upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Līnaṃ, bhikkhave, cittaṃ, taṃ etehi dhammehi dusamuṭṭhāpayaṃ hoti. Yasmiṃ ca kho, bhikkhave, līnaṃ cittaṃ hoti, kālo tasmiṃ samaye dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, kālo vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, kālo pītisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Līnaṃ, bhikkhave, cittaṃ, taṃ etehi dhammehi susamuṭṭhāpayaṃ hoti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso parittaṃ aggiṃ ujjāletukāmo assa, so tattha sukkhāni ceva tiṇāni pakkhipeyya, sukkhāni ca gomayāni pakkhipeyya, sukkhāni ca kaṭṭhāni pakkhipeyya, mukhavātañca dadeyya, na ca paṃsukena okireyya, bhabbo nu kho so, bhikkhave, puriso parittaṃ aggiṃ ujjāletunti? Evaṃ bhante’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.234).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca yathāsakamāhāravasena dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgādīnaṃ bhāvanā veditabbā. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Atthi, bhikkhave, kusalākusalā dhammā sāvajjānavajjā dhammā hīnappaṇītā dhammā kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgā dhammā. Tattha yoniso manasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya uppannassa vā dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa <a name="M1.0128"></a> bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232).</p>
<p class="indent">Tathā <a name="V1.0128"></a> ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, ārambhadhātu nikkamadhātu parakkamadhātu. Tattha yoniso manasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya uppannassa vā vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232).</p>
<p class="indent">Tathā ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, pītisambojjhaṅgaṭṭhāniyā dhammā. Tattha yoniso manasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā pītisambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya uppannassa vā pītisambojjhaṅgassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha sabhāvasāmaññalakkhaṇapaṭivedhavasena pavattamanasikāro kusalādīsu yoniso manasikāro nāma. Ārambhadhātuādīnaṃ uppādanavasena pavattamanasikāro ārambhadhātuādīsu yoniso manasikāro nāma. Tattha <span class="bld">ārambhadhātū</span>ti paṭhamavīriyaṃ vuccati. <span class="bld">Nikkamadhātū</span>ti kosajjato nikkhantattā tato balavataraṃ. <span class="bld">Parakkamadhātū</span>ti paraṃ paraṃ ṭhānaṃ akkamanato tatopi balavataraṃ. <span class="bld">Pītisambojjhaṅgaṭṭhāniyā dhammā</span>ti pana pītiyā eva etaṃ nāmaṃ. Tassāpi uppādakamanasikārova yoniso manasikāro nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica satta dhammā dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti paripucchakatā, vatthuvisadakiriyā, indriyasamattapaṭipādanā, duppaññapuggalaparivajjanā, paññavantapuggalasevanā, gambhīrañāṇacariyapaccavekkhaṇā, tadadhimuttatāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekādasadhammā vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti apāyādibhayapaccavekkhaṇatā, vīriyāyattalokiyalokuttaravisesādhigamānisaṃsadassitā, ‘‘buddhapaccekabuddhamahāsāvakehi gatamaggo mayā gantabbo, so ca na sakkā kusītena gantu’’nti evaṃ gamanavīthipaccavekkhaṇatā, dāyakānaṃ mahapphalabhāvakaraṇena piṇḍāpacāyanatā, ‘‘vīriyārambhassa vaṇṇavādī me satthā, so ca anatikkamanīyasāsano amhākañca bahūpakāro paṭipattiyā ca pūjiyamāno pūjito hoti na itarathā’’ti evaṃ satthu <a name="M1.0129"></a> mahattapaccavekkhaṇatā, ‘‘saddhammasaṅkhātaṃ me mahādāyajjaṃ gahetabbaṃ, tañca na sakkā kusītena gahetu’’nti evaṃ dāyajjamahattapaccavekkhaṇatā, ālokasaññāmanasikārairiyāpathaparivattanaabbhokāsasevanādīhi <a name="V1.0129"></a> thinamiddhavinodanatā, kusītapuggalaparivajjanatā, āraddhavīriyapuggalasevanatā, sammappadhānapaccavekkhaṇatā, tadadhimuttatāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekādasadhammā pītisambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti buddhānussati, dhamma… saṅgha… sīla… cāga… devatānussati, upasamānussati, lūkhapuggalaparivajjanatā, siniddhapuggalasevanatā, pasādaniyasuttantapaccavekkhaṇatā, tadadhimuttatāti. Iti imehi ākārehi ete dhamme uppādento dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgādayo bhāveti nāma. Evaṃ yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ paggahetabbaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ paggaṇhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para65"></a><span class="paranum">65</span>. Kathaṃ <span class="bld">yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ niggahetabbaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ niggaṇhāti</span>? Yadāssa accāraddhavīriyatādīhi uddhataṃ cittaṃ hoti, tadā dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgādayo tayo abhāvetvā passaddhisambojjhaṅgādayo bhāveti. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso mahantaṃ aggikkhandhaṃ nibbāpetukāmo assa, so tattha sukkhāni ceva tiṇāni pakkhipeyya…pe… na ca paṃsukena okireyya, bhabbo nu kho so, bhikkhave, puriso mahantaṃ aggikkhandhaṃ nibbāpetunti? No hetaṃ, bhante. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yasmiṃ samaye uddhataṃ cittaṃ hoti, akālo tasmiṃ samaye dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, akālo vīriya…pe… akālo pītisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Uddhataṃ, bhikkhave, cittaṃ, taṃ etehi dhammehi duvūpasamayaṃ hoti. Yasmiṃ ca kho, bhikkhave, samaye uddhataṃ cittaṃ hoti, kālo tasmiṃ samaye passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, kālo samādhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, kālo upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Uddhataṃ, bhikkhave, cittaṃ, taṃ etehi dhammehi suvūpasamayaṃ hoti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso mahantaṃ aggikkhandhaṃ nibbāpetukāmo assa, so tattha allāni ceva tiṇāni pakkhipeyya…pe… paṃsukena <a name="M1.0130"></a> ca okireyya, bhabbo nu kho so, bhikkhave, puriso mahantaṃ aggikkhandhaṃ nibbāpetunti? Evaṃ, bhante’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.234).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāpi <a name="V1.0130"></a> yathāsakaṃ āhāravasena passaddhisambojjhaṅgādīnaṃ bhāvanā veditabbā. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Atthi, bhikkhave, kāyapassaddhi cittapassaddhi. Tattha yoniso manasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya uppannassa vā passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232).</p>
<p class="indent">Tathā ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, samathanimittaṃ abyagganimittaṃ. Tattha yoniso manasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā samādhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya uppannassa vā samādhisambojjhaṅgassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232).</p>
<p class="indent">Tathā ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṭṭhāniyā dhammā. Tattha yoniso manasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya uppannassa vā upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.232).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathāssa passaddhiādayo uppannapubbā, taṃ ākāraṃ sallakkhetvā tesaṃ uppādanavasena pavattamanasikārova tīsupi padesu yoniso manasikāro nāma. <span class="bld">Samathanimitta</span>nti ca samathassevetamadhivacanaṃ. Avikkhepaṭṭhena ca tasseva <span class="bld">abyagganimitta</span>nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica satta dhammā passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti paṇītabhojanasevanatā, utusukhasevanatā, iriyāpathasukhasevanatā, majjhattapayogatā, sāraddhakāyapuggalaparivajjanatā, passaddhakāyapuggalasevanatā, tadadhimuttatāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekādasa <a name="M1.0131"></a> dhammā samādhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti vatthuvisadatā, nimittakusalatā, indriyasamattapaṭipādanatā, samaye cittassa niggahaṇatā, samaye cittassa paggahaṇatā<a name="V1.0131"></a>, nirassādassa cittassa saddhāsaṃvegavasena sampahaṃsanatā, sammāpavattassa ajjhupekkhanatā, asamāhitapuggalaparivajjanatā, samāhitapuggalasevanatā, jhānavimokkhapaccavekkhaṇatā, tadadhimuttatāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pañca dhammā upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti sattamajjhattatā, saṅkhāramajjhattatā, sattasaṅkhārakelāyanapuggalaparivajjanatā, sattasaṅkhāramajjhattapuggalasevanatā, tadadhimuttatāti. Iti imehākārehi ete dhamme uppādento passaddhisambojjhaṅgādayo bhāveti nāma. Evaṃ yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ niggahetabbaṃ tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ niggaṇhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para66"></a><span class="paranum">66</span>. Kathaṃ <span class="bld">yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ sampahaṃsitabbaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ sampahaṃseti</span>? Yadāssa paññāpayogamandatāya vā upasamasukhānadhigamena vā nirassādaṃ cittaṃ hoti, tadā naṃ aṭṭhasaṃvegavatthupaccavekkhaṇena saṃvejeti. <span class="bld">Aṭṭha saṃvegavatthūni</span> nāma jātijarābyādhimaraṇāni cattāri, apāyadukkhaṃ pañcamaṃ, atīte vaṭṭamūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ, anāgate vaṭṭamūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ, paccuppanne āhārapariyeṭṭhimūlakaṃ dukkhanti. Buddhadhammasaṅghaguṇānussaraṇena cassa pasādaṃ janeti. Evaṃ yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ sampahaṃsitabbaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ sampahaṃseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ ajjhupekkhitabbaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ ajjhupekkhati? Yadāssa evaṃ paṭipajjato alīnaṃ anuddhataṃ anirassādaṃ ārammaṇe samappavattaṃ samathavīthipaṭipannaṃ cittaṃ hoti, tadāssa paggahaniggahasampahaṃsanesu na byāpāraṃ āpajjati, sārathi viya samappavattesu assesu. Evaṃ yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ ajjhupekkhitabbaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ ajjhupekkhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Asamāhitapuggalaparivajjanatā</span> nāma nekkhammapaṭipadaṃ anāruḷhapubbānaṃ anekakiccapasutānaṃ vikkhittahadayānaṃ puggalānaṃ ārakā pariccāgo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Samāhitapuggalasevanatā</span> nāma nekkhammapaṭipadaṃ paṭipannānaṃ samādhilābhīnaṃ puggalānaṃ kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tadadhimuttatā</span> <a name="M1.0132"></a> nāma samādhiadhimuttatā samādhigarusamādhininnasamādhipoṇasamādhipabbhāratāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evametaṃ <a name="V1.0132"></a> dasavidhaṃ appanākosallaṃ sampādetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="hangnum"><a name="para67"></a><span class="paranum">67</span>.</p>
<p class="gatha1"> Evañhi sampādayato, appanākosallaṃ imaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paṭiladdhe nimittasmiṃ, appanā sampavattati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evañhi paṭipannassa, sace sā nappavattati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tathāpi na jahe yogaṃ, vāyametheva paṇḍito.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Hitvā hi sammāvāyāmaṃ, visesaṃ nāma māṇavo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Adhigacche parittampi, ṭhānametaṃ na vijjati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Cittappavattiākāraṃ, tasmā sallakkhayaṃ budho;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samataṃ vīriyasseva, yojayetha punappunaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Īsakampi layaṃ yantaṃ, paggaṇhetheva mānasaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Accāraddhaṃ nisedhetvā, samameva pavattaye.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Reṇumhi uppaladale, sutte nāvāya nāḷiyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yathā madhukarādīnaṃ, pavatti sammavaṇṇitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Līnauddhatabhāvehi, mocayitvāna sabbaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ nimittābhimukhaṃ, mānasaṃ paṭipādayeti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Nimittābhimukhapaṭipādanaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para68"></a><span class="paranum">68</span>. Tatrāyamatthadīpanā – yathā hi acheko madhukaro asukasmiṃ rukkhe pupphaṃ pupphitanti ñatvā tikkhena vegena pakkhando taṃ atikkamitvā paṭinivattento khīṇe reṇumhi sampāpuṇāti. Aparo acheko mandena javena pakkhando khīṇeyeva sampāpuṇāti. Cheko pana samena javena pakkhando sukhena puppharāsiṃ sampatvā yāvadicchakaṃ reṇuṃ ādāya madhuṃ sampādetvā madhurasamanubhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā <a name="M1.0133"></a><a name="V1.0133"></a> ca sallakattaantevāsikesu udakathālagate uppalapatte satthakammaṃ sikkhantesu eko acheko vegena satthaṃ pātento uppalapattaṃ dvidhā vā chindati, udake vā paveseti. Aparo acheko chijjanapavesanabhayā satthakena phusitumpi na visahati. Cheko pana samena payogena tattha satthapahāraṃ dassetvā pariyodātasippo hutvā tathārūpesu ṭhānesu kammaṃ katvā lābhaṃ labhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā ca yo catubyāmappamāṇaṃ makkaṭasuttamāharati, so cattāri sahassāni labhatīti raññā vutte eko achekapuriso vegena makkaṭasuttamākaḍḍhanto tahiṃ tahiṃ chindatiyeva. Aparo acheko chedanabhayā hatthena phusitumpi na visahati. Cheko pana koṭito paṭṭhāya samena payogena daṇḍake vedhetvā āharitvā lābhaṃ labhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā ca acheko niyāmako balavavāte laṅkāraṃ pūrento nāvaṃ videsaṃ pakkhandāpeti. Aparo acheko mandavāte laṅkāraṃ oropento nāvaṃ tattheva ṭhapeti. Cheko pana mandavāte laṅkāraṃ pūretvā balavavāte aḍḍhalaṅkāraṃ katvā sotthinā icchitaṭṭhānaṃ pāpuṇāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā ca yo telena achaḍḍento nāḷiṃ pūreti, so lābhaṃ labhatīti ācariyena antevāsikānaṃ vutte eko acheko lābhaluddho vegena pūrento telaṃ chaḍḍeti. Aparo acheko telachaḍḍanabhayā āsiñcitumpi na visahati. Cheko pana samena payogena pūretvā lābhaṃ labhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evameva eko bhikkhu uppanne nimitte sīghameva appanaṃ pāpuṇissāmīti gāḷhaṃ vīriyaṃ karoti, tassa cittaṃ accāraddhavīriyattā uddhacce patati, so na sakkoti appanaṃ pāpuṇituṃ. Eko accāraddhavīriyatāya dosaṃ disvā kiṃ dānime appanāyāti vīriyaṃ hāpeti, tassa cittaṃ atilīnavīriyattā kosajje patati, sopi na sakkoti appanaṃ pāpuṇituṃ. Yo pana īsakampi līnaṃ līnabhāvato uddhataṃ uddhaccato mocetvā samena payogena <a name="M1.0134"></a> nimittābhimukhaṃ pavatteti, so appanaṃ pāpuṇāti, tādisena bhavitabbaṃ. Imamatthaṃ sandhāya etaṃ vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Reṇumhi uppaladale, sutte nāvāya nāḷiyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yathā madhukarādīnaṃ, pavatti sammavaṇṇitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Līnauddhatabhāvehi<a name="V1.0134"></a>, mocayitvāna sabbaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ nimittābhimukhaṃ, mānasaṃ paṭipādayeti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Paṭhamajjhānakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para69"></a><span class="paranum">69</span>. Iti evaṃ nimittābhimukhaṃ mānasaṃ paṭipādayato panassa idāni appanā ijjhissatīti bhavaṅgaṃ upacchinditvā pathavī pathavīti anuyogavasena upaṭṭhitaṃ tadeva pathavīkasiṇaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā manodvārāvajjanamuppajjati. Tato tasmiṃyevārammaṇe cattāri pañca vā javanāni javanti. Tesu avasāne ekaṃ rūpāvacaraṃ, sesāni kāmāvacarāni. Pakaticittehi balavataravitakkavicārapītisukhacittekaggatāni yāni appanāya parikammattā <span class="bld">parikammānī</span>tipi, yathā gāmādīnaṃ āsannapadeso gāmūpacāro nagarūpacāroti vuccati, evaṃ appanāya āsannattā samīpacārattā vā <span class="bld">upacārānī</span>tipi, ito pubbe parikammānaṃ, upari appanāya ca anulomato <span class="bld">anulomānī</span>tipi vuccanti. Yañcettha sabbantimaṃ, taṃ parittagottābhibhavanato, mahaggatagottabhāvanato ca <span class="bld">gotrabhū</span>tipi vuccati. Agahitaggahaṇena panettha paṭhamaṃ parikammaṃ, dutiyaṃ upacāraṃ, tatiyaṃ anulomaṃ, catutthaṃ gotrabhu. Paṭhamaṃ vā upacāraṃ, dutiyaṃ anulomaṃ, tatiyaṃ gotrabhu, catutthaṃ pañcamaṃ vā appanācittaṃ. Catutthameva hi pañcamaṃ vā appeti, tañca kho khippābhiññadandhābhiññavasena. Tato paraṃ javanaṃ patati. Bhavaṅgassa vāro hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ābhidhammikagodattatthero pana ‘‘purimā purimā kusalā dhammā pacchimānaṃ pacchimānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ āsevanapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 1.1.12) imaṃ suttaṃ vatvā āsevanapaccayena pacchimo pacchimo dhammo balavā hoti, tasmā chaṭṭhepi sattamepi appanā hotīti āha, taṃ aṭṭhakathāsu ‘‘attano matimattaṃ therasseta’’nti vatvā paṭikkhittaṃ. Catutthapañcamesuyeva pana appanā hoti. Parato javanaṃ patitaṃ nāma hoti, bhavaṅgassa āsannattāti vuttaṃ<a name="M1.0135"></a>. Tameva vicāretvā vuttattā na sakkā paṭikkhipituṃ. Yathā hi puriso chinnapapātābhimukho dhāvanto ṭhātukāmopi pariyante pādaṃ katvā ṭhātuṃ na sakkoti papāte eva patati, evaṃ chaṭṭhe vā sattame vā appetuṃ na sakkoti, bhavaṅgassa āsannattā. Tasmā catutthapañcamesuyeva appanā hotīti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sā <a name="V1.0135"></a> ca pana ekacittakkhaṇikāyeva. Sattasu hi ṭhānesu addhānaparicchedo nāma natthi paṭhamappanāyaṃ, lokiyābhiññāsu, catūsu maggesu, maggānantaraphale, rūpārūpabhavesu bhavaṅgajjhāne, nirodhassa paccaye nevasaññānāsaññāyatane, nirodhā vuṭṭhahantassa phalasamāpattiyanti. Ettha maggānantaraphalaṃ tiṇṇaṃ upari na hoti. Nirodhassa paccayo nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ dvinnamupari na hoti. Rūpārūpesu bhavaṅgassa parimāṇaṃ natthi, sesaṭṭhānesu ekameva cittanti. Iti ekacittakkhaṇikāyeva appanā. Tato bhavaṅgapāto. Atha bhavaṅgaṃ vocchinditvā jhānapaccavekkhaṇatthāya āvajjanaṃ, tato jhānapaccavekkhaṇanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā ca panesa vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati (dha. sa. 160; dī. ni. 1.226). Evamanena pañcaṅgavippahīnaṃ pañcaṅgasamannāgataṃ tividhakalyāṇaṃ dasalakkhaṇasampannaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ adhigataṃ hoti pathavīkasiṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para70"></a><span class="paranum">70</span>. Tattha <span class="bld">vivicceva kāmehī</span>ti kāmehi viviccitvā vinā hutvā apakkamitvā. Yo panāyamettha evakāro, so niyamatthoti veditabbo. Yasmā ca niyamattho, tasmā tasmiṃ paṭhamajjhānaṃ upasampajja viharaṇasamaye avijjamānānampi kāmānaṃ tassa paṭhamajjhānassa paṭipakkhabhāvaṃ kāmapariccāgeneva cassa adhigamaṃ dīpeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ? ‘‘Vivicceva kāmehī’’ti evañhi niyame kariyamāne idaṃ paññāyati, nūna jhānassa kāmā paṭipakkhabhūtā yesu sati idaṃ nappavattati, andhakāre sati padīpobhāso viya. Tesaṃ pariccāgeneva cassa <a name="M1.0136"></a> adhigamo hoti, orimatīrapariccāgena pārimatīrasseva. Tasmā niyamaṃ karotīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha siyā, kasmā panesa pubbapadeyeva vutto, na uttarapade, kiṃ akusalehi dhammehi aviviccāpi jhānaṃ upasampajja vihareyyāti? Na kho panetaṃ evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Taṃnissaraṇato hi pubbapade esa vutto. Kāmadhātusamatikkamanato hi kāmarāgapaṭipakkhato ca idaṃ jhānaṃ kāmānameva nissaraṇaṃ. Yathāha, ‘‘kāmānametaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yadidaṃ nekkhamma’’nti (dī. ni. 3.353). Uttarapadepi pana yathā ‘‘idheva, bhikkhave, samaṇo, idha dutiyo samaṇo’’ti (ma. ni. 1.139; a. ni. 4.241) ettha <a name="V1.0136"></a> evakāro ānetvā vuccati, evaṃ vattabbo. Na hi sakkā ito aññehipi nīvaraṇasaṅkhātehi akusaladhammehi avivicca jhānaṃ upasampajja viharituṃ. Tasmā ‘‘vivicceva kāmehi vivicceva akusalehi dhammehī’’ti evaṃ padadvayepi esa daṭṭhabbo. Padadvayepi ca kiñcāpi viviccāti iminā sādhāraṇavacanena tadaṅgavivekādayo, kāyavivekādayo ca sabbepi vivekā saṅgahaṃ gacchanti, tathāpi kāyaviveko cittaviveko vikkhambhanavivekoti tayo eva idha daṭṭhabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kāmehīti iminā pana padena ye ca niddese ‘‘katame vatthukāmā, manāpiyā rūpā’’tiādinā (mahāni. 1) nayena vatthukāmā vuttā, ye ca tattheva vibhaṅge ca ‘‘chando kāmo, rāgo kāmo, chandarāgo kāmo, saṅkappo kāmo, rāgo kāmo, saṅkapparāgo kāmo, ime vuccanti kāmā’’ti (mahāni. 1; vibha. 564) evaṃ kilesakāmā vuttā, te sabbepi saṅgahitāicceva daṭṭhabbā. Evañhi sati vivicceva kāmehīti vatthukāmehipi viviccevāti attho yujjati, tena kāyaviveko vutto hoti. Vivicca akusalehi dhammehīti kilesakāmehi sabbākusalehi vā viviccāti attho yujjati, tena cittaviveko vutto hoti. Purimena cettha vatthukāmehi vivekavacanato eva kāmasukhapariccāgo, dutiyena kilesakāmehi vivekavacanato nekkhammasukhapariggaho vibhāvito hoti. Evaṃ vatthukāmakilesakāmavivekavacanatoyeva ca etesaṃ paṭhamena saṃkilesavatthuppahānaṃ, dutiyena saṃkilesappahānaṃ. Paṭhamena lolabhāvassa hetupariccāgo, dutiyena bālabhāvassa. Paṭhamena ca payogasuddhi<a name="M1.0137"></a>, dutiyena āsayaposanaṃ vibhāvitaṃ hotīti viññātabbaṃ. Esa tāva nayo kāmehīti ettha vuttakāmesu vatthukāmapakkhe.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kilesakāmapakkhe pana chandoti ca rāgoti ca evamādīhi anekabhedo kāmacchandoyeva kāmoti adhippeto. So ca akusalapariyāpannopi samāno ‘‘tattha katamo kāmo chando kāmo’’tiādinā (vibha. 564) nayena vibhaṅge jhānapaṭipakkhato visuṃ vutto. Kilesakāmattā vā purimapade vutto, akusalapariyāpannattā dutiyapade. Anekabhedato cassa kāmatoti avatvā kāmehīti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aññesampi ca dhammānaṃ akusalabhāve vijjamāne ‘‘tattha katame akusalā dhammā, kāmacchando’’tiādinā <a name="V1.0137"></a> nayena vibhaṅge upari jhānaṅgānaṃ paccanīkapaṭipakkhabhāvadassanato nīvaraṇāneva vuttāni. Nīvaraṇāni hi jhānaṅgapaccanīkāni, tesaṃ jhānaṅgāneva paṭipakkhāni viddhaṃsakāni vighātakānīti vuttaṃ hoti. Tathā hi <span class="bld">samādhi kāmacchandassa paṭipakkho, pīti byāpādassa, vitakko thinamiddhassa, sukhaṃ uddhaccakukkuccassa, vicāro vicikicchāyā</span>ti peṭake vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamettha vivicceva kāmehīti iminā kāmacchandassa vikkhambhanaviveko vutto hoti. Vivicca akusalehi dhammehīti iminā pañcannampi nīvaraṇānaṃ, agahitaggahaṇena pana paṭhamena kāmacchandassa, dutiyena sesanīvaraṇānaṃ. Tathā paṭhamena tīsu akusalamūlesu pañcakāmaguṇabhedavisayassa lobhassa, dutiyena āghātavatthubhedādivisayānaṃ dosamohānaṃ. Oghādīsu vā dhammesu paṭhamena kāmoghakāmayogakāmāsavakāmupādānaabhijjhākāyaganthakāmarāgasaṃyojanānaṃ, dutiyena avasesaoghayogāsavaupādānaganthasaṃyojanānaṃ. Paṭhamena ca taṇhāya taṃsampayuttakānañca, dutiyena avijjāya taṃsampayuttakānañca. Apica paṭhamena lobhasampayuttānaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ cittuppādānaṃ, dutiyena sesānaṃ catunnaṃ akusalacittuppādānaṃ vikkhambhanaviveko vutto hotīti veditabbo. Ayaṃ tāva vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehīti ettha atthappakāsanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para71"></a><span class="paranum">71</span>. Ettāvatā <a name="M1.0138"></a> ca paṭhamassa jhānassa pahānaṅgaṃ dassetvā idāni sampayogaṅgaṃ dassetuṃ savitakkaṃ savicārantiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha vitakkanaṃ <span class="bld">vitakko,</span> ūhananti vuttaṃ hoti. Svāyaṃ ārammaṇe cittassa abhiniropanalakkhaṇo, āhananapariyāhananaraso. Tathā hi tena yogāvacaro ārammaṇaṃ vitakkāhataṃ vitakkapariyāhataṃ karotīti vuccati. Ārammaṇe cittassa ānayanapaccupaṭṭhāno.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vicaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">vicāro,</span> anusañcaraṇanti vuttaṃ hoti. Svāyaṃ ārammaṇānumajjanalakkhaṇo, tattha sahajātānuyojanaraso, cittassa anuppabandhanapaccupaṭṭhāno.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Santepi ca nesaṃ katthaci avippayoge oḷārikaṭṭhena pubbaṅgamaṭṭhena ca ghaṇḍābhighāto viya cetaso paṭhamābhinipāto vitakko. Sukhumaṭṭhena anumajjanasabhāvena ca ghaṇḍānuravo viya <a name="V1.0138"></a> anuppabandho vicāro. Vipphāravā cettha vitakko paṭhamuppattikāle paripphandanabhūto cittassa ākāse uppatitukāmassa pakkhino pakkhavikkhepo viya padumābhimukhapāto viya ca gandhānubandhacetaso bhamarassa. Santavutti vicāro nātiparipphandanabhāvo cittassa ākāse uppatitassa pakkhino pakkhappasāraṇaṃ viya, paribbhamanaṃ viya ca padumābhimukhapatitassa bhamarassa padumassa uparibhāge. Dukanipātaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana ‘‘ākāse gacchato mahāsakuṇassa ubhohi pakkhehi vātaṃ gahetvā pakkhe sannisīdāpetvā gamanaṃ viya ārammaṇe cetaso abhiniropanabhāvena pavatto vitakko. Vātaggahaṇatthaṃ pakkhe phandāpayamānassa gamanaṃ viya anumajjanabhāvena pavatto vicāro’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ anuppabandhena pavattiyaṃ yujjati. So pana nesaṃ viseso paṭhamadutiyajjhānesu pākaṭo hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica malaggahitaṃ kaṃsabhājanaṃ ekena hatthena daḷhaṃ gahetvā itarena hatthena cuṇṇatelavālaṇḍupakena parimajjantassa daḷhagahaṇahattho viya vitakko, parimajjanahattho viya vicāro. Tathā kumbhakārassa daṇḍappahārena cakkaṃ bhamayitvā bhājanaṃ karontassa uppīḷanahattho viya vitakko, ito cito ca sañcaraṇahattho viya vicāro. Tathā maṇḍalaṃ karontassa majjhe <a name="M1.0139"></a> sannirumbhitvā ṭhitakaṇṭako viya abhiniropano vitakko, bahi paribbhamanakaṇṭako viya anumajjano vicāro. Iti iminā ca vitakkena iminā ca vicārena saha vattati rukkho viya pupphena phalena cāti idaṃ jhānaṃ ‘‘savitakkaṃ savicāra’’nti vuccati. Vibhaṅge pana ‘‘iminā ca vitakkena iminā ca vicārena upeto hoti samupeto’’tiādinā (vibha. 565) nayena puggalādhiṭṭhānā desanā katā. Attho pana tatrāpi evameva daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vivekaja</span>nti ettha vivitti viveko, nīvaraṇavigamoti attho. Vivittoti vā viveko, nīvaraṇavivitto jhānasampayuttadhammarāsīti attho. Tasmā vivekā, tasmiṃ vā viveke jātanti vivekajaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para72"></a><span class="paranum">72</span>. <span class="bld">Pītisukha</span>nti ettha pīṇayatīti pīti. Sā sampiyāyanalakkhaṇā, kāyacittapīnanarasā, pharaṇarasā vā, odagyapaccupaṭṭhānā. Sā panesā khuddikā pīti, khaṇikāpīti, okkantikāpīti, ubbegāpīti, pharaṇāpītīti pañcavidhā hoti. Tattha <span class="bld">khuddikāpīti</span> sarīre lomahaṃsamattameva kātuṃ sakkoti. <span class="bld">Khaṇikāpīti</span> khaṇe khaṇe vijjuppādasadisā <a name="V1.0139"></a> hoti. <span class="bld">Okkantikāpīti</span> samuddatīraṃ vīci viya kāyaṃ okkamitvā okkamitvā bhijjati. <span class="bld">Ubbegāpīti</span> balavatī hoti kāyaṃ uddhaggaṃ katvā ākāse laṅghāpanappamāṇappattā. Tathā hi puṇṇavallikavāsī <span class="bld">mahātissatthero</span> puṇṇamadivase sāyaṃ cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ gantvā candālokaṃ disvā mahācetiyābhimukho hutvā ‘‘imāya vata velāya catasso parisā mahācetiyaṃ vandantī’’ti pakatiyā diṭṭhārammaṇavasena buddhārammaṇaṃ ubbegāpītiṃ uppādetvā sudhātale pahaṭacitrageṇḍuko viya ākāse uppatitvā mahācetiyaṅgaṇeyeva patiṭṭhāsi. Tathā girikaṇḍakavihārassa upanissaye vattakālakagāme <span class="bld">ekā kuladhītā</span>pi balavabuddhārammaṇāya ubbegāpītiyā ākāse laṅghesi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassā kira mātāpitaro sāyaṃ dhammassavanatthāya vihāraṃ gacchantā ‘‘amma tvaṃ garubhārā akāle vicarituṃ na sakkosi, mayaṃ tuyhaṃ pattiṃ katvā dhammaṃ sossāmā’’ti agamaṃsu. Sā gantukāmāpi tesaṃ vacanaṃ paṭibāhituṃ <a name="M1.0140"></a> asakkontī ghare ohīyitvā gharājire ṭhatvā candālokena girikaṇḍake ākāsacetiyaṅgaṇaṃ olokentī cetiyassa dīpapūjaṃ addasa, catasso ca parisā mālāgandhādīhi cetiyapūjaṃ katvā padakkhiṇaṃ karontiyo bhikkhusaṅghassa ca gaṇasajjhāyasaddaṃ assosi. Athassā ‘‘dhaññāvatime, ye vihāraṃ gantvā evarūpe cetiyaṅgaṇe anusañcarituṃ, evarūpañca madhuradhammakathaṃ sotuṃ labhantī’’ti muttarāsisadisaṃ cetiyaṃ passantiyā eva ubbegāpīti udapādi. Sā ākāse laṅghitvā mātāpitūnaṃ purimataraṃyeva ākāsato cetiyaṅgaṇe oruyha cetiyaṃ vanditvā dhammaṃ suṇamānā aṭṭhāsi. Atha naṃ mātāpitaro āgantvā ‘‘amma tvaṃ katarena maggena āgatāsī’’ti pucchiṃsu. Sā ‘‘ākāsena āgatāmhi, na maggenā’’ti vatvā ‘‘amma ākāsena nāma khīṇāsavā sañcaranti, tvaṃ kathaṃ āgatā’’ti vuttā āha – ‘‘mayhaṃ candālokena cetiyaṃ ālokentiyā ṭhitāya buddhārammaṇā balavapīti uppajji. Athāhaṃ neva attano ṭhitabhāvaṃ, na nisinnabhāvaṃ aññāsiṃ, gahitanimitteneva pana ākāse laṅghitvā cetiyaṅgaṇe patiṭṭhitāmhī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ ubbegāpīti ākāse laṅghāpanappamāṇā hoti. Pharaṇāpītiyā pana uppannāya sakalasarīraṃ dhamitvā pūritavatthi viya mahatā udakoghena pakkhandapabbatakucchi viya ca anuparipphuṭaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sā <a name="V1.0140"></a> panesā pañcavidhā pīti gabbhaṃ gaṇhantī paripākaṃ gacchantī duvidhaṃ passaddhiṃ paripūreti kāyapassaddhiñca cittapassaddhiñca. Passaddhi gabbhaṃ gaṇhantī paripākaṃ gacchantī duvidhampi sukhaṃ paripūreti kāyikañca cetasikañca. Sukhaṃ gabbhaṃ gaṇhantaṃ paripākaṃ gacchantaṃ tividhaṃ samādhiṃ paripūreti khaṇikasamādhiṃ upacārasamādhiṃ appanā samādhinti. Tāsu yā appanāsamādhissa mūlaṃ hutvā vaḍḍhamānā samādhisampayogaṃ gatā pharaṇāpīti, ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā pītīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para73"></a><span class="paranum">73</span>. Itaraṃ pana sukhanaṃ sukhaṃ, suṭṭhu vā khādati, khanati ca kāyacittābādhanti sukhaṃ, taṃ sātalakkhaṇaṃ, sampayuttānaṃ upabrūhanarasaṃ, anuggahapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Satipi ca nesaṃ katthaci avippayoge iṭṭhārammaṇapaṭilābhatuṭṭhi pīti. Paṭiladdharasānubhavanaṃ sukhaṃ. Yattha pīti, tattha sukhaṃ. Yattha sukhaṃ, tattha na niyamato pīti. Saṅkhārakkhandhasaṅgahitā pīti. Vedanākkhandhasaṅgahitaṃ sukhaṃ. Kantārakhinnassa <a name="M1.0141"></a> vanantudakadassanasavanesu viya pīti. Vanacchāyāpavesanaudakaparibhogesu viya sukhaṃ. Tasmiṃ tasmiṃ samaye pākaṭabhāvato cetaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Iti ayañca pīti idañca sukhaṃ assa jhānassa, asmiṃ vā jhāne atthīti idaṃ jhānaṃ pītisukhanti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā pīti ca sukhañca pītisukhaṃ, dhammavinayādayo viya. Vivekajaṃ pītisukhamassa jhānassa, asmiṃ vā jhāne atthīti evampi <span class="bld">vivekajaṃpītisukhaṃ</span>. Yatheva hi jhānaṃ, evaṃ pītisukhampettha vivekajameva hoti, tañcassa atthi, tasmā ekapadeneva ‘‘vivekajaṃpītisukha’’ntipi vattuṃ yujjati. Vibhaṅge pana ‘‘idaṃ sukhaṃ imāya pītiyā sahagata’’ntiādinā (vibha. 567) nayena vuttaṃ. Attho pana tatthāpi evameva daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paṭhamaṃ jhāna</span>nti idaṃ parato āvibhavissati. <span class="bld">Upasampajjā</span>ti upagantvā, pāpuṇitvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Upasampādayitvā vā, nipphādetvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Vibhaṅge pana ‘‘upasampajjāti paṭhamassa jhānassa lābho paṭilābho patti sampatti phusanā sacchikiriyā upasampadā’’ti vuttaṃ. Tassāpi evamevattho daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Viharatī</span>ti tadanurūpena iriyāpathavihārena itivuttappakārajhānasamaṅgī hutvā attabhāvassa iriyaṃ vuttiṃ pālanaṃ yapanaṃ yāpanaṃ cāraṃ vihāraṃ abhinipphādeti<a name="V1.0141"></a>. Vuttañhetaṃ vibhaṅge ‘‘viharatīti iriyati vattati pāleti yapeti yāpeti carati viharati, tena vuccati viharatī’’ti (vibha. 540).</p>
<p class="subhead">Pañcaṅgavippahīnādi</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para74"></a><span class="paranum">74</span>. Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘pañcaṅgavippahīnaṃ pañcaṅgasamannāgata’’</span>nti, tattha kāmacchando, byāpādo, thinamiddhaṃ, uddhaccakukkuccaṃ, vicikicchāti imesaṃ pañcannaṃ nīvaraṇānaṃ pahānavasena pañcaṅgavippahīnatā veditabbā. Na hi etesu appahīnesu jhānaṃ uppajjati. Tenassetāni pahānaṅgānīti vuccanti. Kiñcāpi hi jhānakkhaṇe aññepi akusalā dhammā pahīyanti, tathāpi etāneva visesena jhānantarāyakarāni. Kāmacchandena hi nānāvisayappalobhitaṃ cittaṃ na ekattārammaṇe samādhiyati. Kāmacchandābhibhūtaṃ vā taṃ na kāmadhātuppahānāya paṭipadaṃ paṭipajjati. Byāpādena cārammaṇe paṭihaññamānaṃ na nirantaraṃ pavattati<a name="M1.0142"></a>. Thinamiddhābhibhūtaṃ akammaññaṃ hoti. Uddhaccakukkuccaparetaṃ avūpasantameva hutvā paribbhamati. Vicikicchāya upahataṃ jhānādhigamasādhikaṃ paṭipadaṃ nārohati. Iti visesena jhānantarāyakarattā etāneva <span class="bld">pahānaṅgānī</span>ti vuttānīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā pana vitakko ārammaṇe cittaṃ abhiniropeti, vicāro anuppabandhati, tehi avikkhepāya sampāditappayogassa cetaso payogasampattisambhavā pīti pīṇanaṃ, sukhañca upabrūhanaṃ karoti. Atha naṃ sasesasampayuttadhammaṃ etehi abhiniropanānuppabandhanapīṇanaupabrūhanehi anuggahitā ekaggatā ekattārammaṇe samaṃ sammā ca ādhiyati, tasmā vitakko vicāro pīti sukhaṃ cittekaggatāti imesaṃ pañcannaṃ uppattivasena pañcaṅgasamannāgatatā veditabbā. Uppannesu hi etesu pañcasu jhānaṃ uppannaṃ nāma hoti. Tenassa etāni pañca <span class="bld">samannāgataṅgānī</span>ti vuccanti. Tasmā na etehi samannāgataṃ aññadeva jhānaṃ nāma atthīti gahetabbaṃ. Yathā pana aṅgamattavaseneva caturaṅginī senā, pañcaṅgikaṃ tūriyaṃ, aṭṭhaṅgiko ca maggoti vuccati, evamidampi aṅgamattavaseneva pañcaṅgikanti vā pañcaṅgasamannāgatanti vā vuccatīti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etāni ca pañcaṅgāni kiñcāpi upacārakkhaṇepi atthi, atha kho upacāre pakaticittato <a name="V1.0142"></a> balavatarāni. Idha pana upacāratopi balavatarāni rūpāvacaralakkhaṇappattāni. Ettha hi vitakko suvisadena ākārena ārammaṇe cittaṃ abhiniropayamāno uppajjati. Vicāro ativiya ārammaṇaṃ anumajjamāno. Pītisukhaṃ sabbāvantampi kāyaṃ pharamānaṃ. Tenevāha – ‘‘nāssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa vivekajena pītisukhena apphuṭaṃ hotī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.228). Cittekaggatāpi heṭṭhimamhi samuggapaṭale uparimaṃ samuggapaṭalaṃ viya ārammaṇesu phusitā hutvā uppajjati, ayametesaṃ itarehi viseso. Tattha cittekaggatā kiñcāpi savitakkaṃ savicāranti imasmiṃ pāṭhe na niddiṭṭhā, tathāpi vibhaṅge ‘‘jhānanti vitakko vicāro pīti sukhaṃ cittassekaggatā’’ti (vibha. 569) evaṃ vuttattā aṅgameva. Yena hi adhippāyena bhagavatā uddeso kato, soyeva tena vibhaṅge pakāsitoti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Tividhakalyāṇaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para75"></a><span class="paranum">75</span>. <span class="bld">Tividhakalyāṇaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0143"></a> <span class="bld">dasalakkhaṇasampanna</span>nti ettha pana ādimajjhapariyosānavasena tividhakalyāṇatā. Tesaṃyeva ca ādimajjhapariyosānānaṃ lakkhaṇavasena dasalakkhaṇasampannatā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyaṃ pāḷi –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Paṭhamassa jhānassa paṭipadāvisuddhi ādi, upekkhānubrūhanā majjhe, sampahaṃsanā pariyosānaṃ, paṭhamassa jhānassa paṭipadāvisuddhi ādi, ādissa kati lakkhaṇāni? Ādissa tīṇi lakkhaṇāni, yo tassa paribandho, tato cittaṃ visujjhati, visuddhattā cittaṃ majjhimaṃ samathanimittaṃ paṭipajjati, paṭipannattā tattha cittaṃ pakkhandati. Yañca paribandhato cittaṃ visujjhati, yañca visuddhattā cittaṃ majjhimaṃ samathanimittaṃ paṭipajjati, yañca paṭipannattā tattha cittaṃ pakkhandati. Paṭhamassa jhānassa paṭipadāvisuddhi ādi, ādissa imāni tīṇi lakkhaṇāni. Tena vuccati paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ ādikalyāṇañceva hoti tilakkhaṇasampannañca.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Paṭhamassa jhānassa upekkhānubrūhanā majjhe, majjhassa kati lakkhaṇāni? Majjhassa <a name="V1.0143"></a> tīṇi lakkhaṇāni, visuddhaṃ cittaṃ ajjhupekkhati, samathapaṭipannaṃ ajjhupekkhati, ekattupaṭṭhānaṃ ajjhupekkhati. Yañca visuddhaṃ cittaṃ ajjhupekkhati, yañca samathapaṭipannaṃ ajjhupekkhati, yañca ekattupaṭṭhānaṃ ajjhupekkhati. Paṭhamassa jhānassa upekkhānubrūhanā majjhe, majjhassa imāni tīṇi lakkhaṇāni. Tena vuccati paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ majjhekalyāṇañceva hoti tilakkhaṇasampannañca.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Paṭhamassa jhānassa sampahaṃsanā pariyosānaṃ, pariyosānassa kati lakkhaṇāni? Pariyosānassa cattāri lakkhaṇāni, tattha jātānaṃ dhammānaṃ anativattanaṭṭhena sampahaṃsanā, indriyānaṃ ekarasaṭṭhena sampahaṃsanā, tadupagavīriyavāhanaṭṭhena sampahaṃsanā, āsevanaṭṭhena sampahaṃsanā. Paṭhamassa jhānassa sampahaṃsanā pariyosānaṃ, pariyosānassa imāni cattāri lakkhaṇāni. Tena vuccati paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇañceva hoti catulakkhaṇasampannañcā’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.158).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra <a name="M1.0144"></a> paṭipadāvisuddhi nāma sasambhāriko upacāro. Upekkhānubrūhanā nāma appanā. Sampahaṃsanā nāma paccavekkhaṇāti evameke vaṇṇayanti. Yasmā pana ‘‘ekattagataṃ cittaṃ paṭipadāvisuddhipakkhandañceva hoti upekkhānubrūhitañca ñāṇena ca sampahaṃsita’’nti (paṭi. ma. 1.158) pāḷiyaṃ vuttaṃ, tasmā antoappanāyameva āgamanavasena <span class="bld">paṭipadāvisuddhi,</span> tatramajjhattupekkhāya kiccavasena <span class="bld">upekkhānubrūhanā,</span> dhammānaṃ anativattanādibhāvasādhanena pariyodāpakassa ñāṇassa kiccanipphattivasena sampahaṃsanā ca veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ? Yasmiñhi vāre appanā uppajjati, tasmiṃ yo nīvaraṇasaṅkhāto kilesagaṇo tassa jhānassa paribandho, tato cittaṃ visujjhati. Visuddhattā āvaraṇavirahitaṃ hutvā majjhimaṃ samathanimittaṃ paṭipajjati. <span class="bld">Majjhimaṃ samathanimittaṃ</span> nāma samappavatto appanāsamādhiyeva. Tadanantaraṃ pana purimacittaṃ ekasantatipariṇāmanayena tathattamupagacchamānaṃ majjhimaṃ samathanimittaṃ paṭipajjati nāma, evaṃ paṭipannattā tathattupagamanena tattha pakkhandati nāma. Evaṃ tāva purimacitte vijjamānākāranipphādikā paṭhamassa jhānassa uppādakkhaṇeyeva āgamanavasena paṭipadāvisuddhi veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="V1.0144"></a> visuddhassa pana tassa puna visodhetabbābhāvato visodhane byāpāraṃ akaronto visuddhaṃ cittaṃ ajjhupekkhati nāma. Samathabhāvupagamanena samathapaṭipannassa puna samādhāne byāpāraṃ akaronto samathapaṭipannaṃ ajjhupekkhati nāma. Samathapaṭipannabhāvato eva cassa kilesasaṃsaggaṃ pahāya ekattena upaṭṭhitassa puna ekattupaṭṭhāne byāpāraṃ akaronto ekattupaṭṭhānaṃ ajjhupekkhati nāma. Evaṃ tatramajjhattupekkhāya kiccavasena upekkhānubrūhanā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ye panete evaṃ upekkhānubrūhite tattha jātā samādhipaññāsaṅkhātā yuganaddhadhammā aññamaññaṃ anativattamānā hutvā pavattā, yāni ca saddhādīni indriyāni nānākilesehi vimuttattā vimuttirasena ekarasāni hutvā pavattāni, yañcesa tadupagaṃ tesaṃ anativattanaekarasabhāvānaṃ anucchavikaṃ vīriyaṃ vāhayati, yā cassa tasmiṃ khaṇe pavattā āsevanā, sabbepi te ākārā yasmā ñāṇena saṃkilesavodānesu taṃ taṃ ādīnavañca ānisaṃsañca <a name="M1.0145"></a> disvā tathā tathā sampahaṃsitattā visodhitattā pariyodāpitattā nipphannāva, tasmā ‘‘dhammānaṃ anativattanādibhāvasādhanena pariyodāpakassa ñāṇassa kiccanipphattivasena sampahaṃsanā veditabbā’’ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yasmā upekkhāvasena ñāṇaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti. Yathāha – ‘‘tathāpaggahitaṃ cittaṃ sādhukaṃ ajjhupekkhati, upekkhāvasena paññāvasena paññindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti, upekkhāvasena nānattakilesehi cittaṃ vimuccati, vimokkhavasena paññāvasena paññindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti. Vimuttattā te dhammā ekarasā honti. Ekarasaṭṭhena bhāvanā’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.201). Tasmā ñāṇakiccabhūtā sampahaṃsanā pariyosānanti vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ adhigataṃ hoti pathavīkasiṇanti ettha gaṇanānupubbatā <span class="bld">paṭhamaṃ,</span> paṭhamaṃ uppannantipi <span class="bld">paṭhamaṃ</span>. Ārammaṇūpanijjhānato paccanīkajhāpanato vā <span class="bld">jhānaṃ</span>. Pathavīmaṇḍalaṃ pana sakalaṭṭhena <span class="bld">pathavīkasiṇa</span>nti vuccati, taṃ nissāya paṭiladdhanimittampi, pathavīkasiṇanimitte paṭiladdhajhānampi. Tatra imasmiṃ atthe jhānaṃ pathavīkasiṇanti veditabbaṃ. Taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ adhigataṃ hoti pathavīkasiṇa’’nti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Ciraṭṭhitisampādanaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para76"></a><span class="paranum">76</span>. Evamadhigate <a name="V1.0145"></a> pana etasmiṃ tena yoginā vālavedhinā viya, sūdena viya ca ākārā pariggahetabbā. Yathā hi sukusalo dhanuggaho vālavedhāya kammaṃ kurumāno yasmiṃ vāre vālaṃ vijjhati, tasmiṃ vāre akkantapadānañca dhanudaṇḍassa ca jiyāya ca sarassa ca ākāraṃ pariggaṇheyya. ‘‘Evaṃ me ṭhitena evaṃ dhanudaṇḍaṃ evaṃ jiyaṃ evaṃ saraṃ gahetvā vālo viddho’’ti. So tato paṭṭhāya tatheva te ākāre sampādento avirādhetvā vālaṃ vijjheyya. Evameva yogināpi ‘‘imaṃ nāma me bhojanaṃ bhuñjitvā evarūpaṃ puggalaṃ sevamānena evarūpe senāsane iminā nāma iriyāpathena imasmiṃ kāle idaṃ adhigata’’nti ete bhojanasappāyādayo ākārā pariggahetabbā. Evañhi so naṭṭhe <a name="M1.0146"></a> vā tasmiṃ te ākāre sampādetvā puna uppādetuṃ, appaguṇaṃ vā paguṇaṃ karonto punappunaṃ appetuṃ sakkhissati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā ca kusalo sūdo bhattāraṃ parivisanto tassa yaṃ yaṃ ruciyā bhuñjati, taṃ taṃ sallakkhetvā tato paṭṭhāya tādisameva upanāmento lābhassa bhāgī hoti, evamayampi adhigatakkhaṇe bhojanādayo ākāre gahetvā te sampādento naṭṭhe naṭṭhe punappunaṃ appanāya lābhī hoti. Tasmā tena vālavedhinā viya sūdena viya ca ākārā pariggahetabbā. Vuttampi cetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, paṇḍito byatto kusalo sūdo rājānaṃ vā rājamahāmattaṃ vā nānaccayehi sūpehi paccupaṭṭhito assa ambilaggehipi tittakaggehipi kaṭukaggehipi madhuraggehipi khārikehipi akhārikehipi loṇikehipi aloṇikehipi. Sa kho so, bhikkhave, paṇḍito byatto kusalo sūdo sakassa bhattu nimittaṃ uggaṇhāti ‘idaṃ vā me ajja bhattu sūpeyyaṃ ruccati, imassa vā abhiharati, imassa vā bahuṃ gaṇhāti, imassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, ambilaggaṃ vā me ajja bhattu sūpeyyaṃ ruccati, ambilaggassa vā abhiharati, ambilaggassa vā bahuṃ gaṇhāti, ambilaggassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati…pe… aloṇikassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī’ti. Sa kho so, bhikkhave, paṇḍito byatto kusalo sūdo lābhī ceva hoti acchādanassa, lābhī vetanassa, lābhī abhihārānaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so, bhikkhave, paṇḍito <a name="V1.0146"></a> byatto kusalo sūdo sakassa bhattu nimittaṃ uggaṇhāti. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, idhekacco paṇḍito byatto kusalo bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati…pe… vedanāsu vedanā… citte cittā… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Tassa dhammesu dhammānupassino viharato cittaṃ samādhiyati, upakkilesā pahīyanti, so taṃ nimittaṃ uggaṇhāti. Sa kho so, bhikkhave, paṇḍito byatto kusalo bhikkhu lābhī ceva hoti diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ, lābhī satisampajaññassa. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā <a name="M1.0147"></a> hi so, bhikkhave, paṇḍito byatto kusalo bhikkhu sakassa cittassa nimittaṃ uggaṇhātī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.374).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nimittaggahaṇena cassa puna te ākāre sampādayato appanāmattameva ijjhati, na ciraṭṭhānaṃ. Ciraṭṭhānaṃ pana samādhiparibandhānaṃ dhammānaṃ suvisodhitattā hoti. Yo hi bhikkhu kāmādīnavapaccavekkhaṇādīhi kāmacchandaṃ na suṭṭhu vikkhambhetvā, kāyapassaddhivasena kāyaduṭṭhullaṃ na suppaṭipassaddhaṃ katvā, ārambhadhātumanasikārādivasena thinamiddhaṃ na suṭṭhu paṭivinodetvā, samathanimittamanasikārādivasena uddhaccakukkuccaṃ na susamūhataṃ katvā, aññepi samādhiparibandhe dhamme na suṭṭhu visodhetvā jhānaṃ samāpajjati, so avisodhitaṃ āsayaṃ paviṭṭhabhamaro viya avisuddhaṃ uyyānaṃ paviṭṭharājā viya ca khippameva nikkhamati. Yo pana samādhiparibandhe dhamme suṭṭhu visodhetvā jhānaṃ samāpajjati, so suvisodhitaṃ āsayaṃ paviṭṭhabhamaro viya suparisuddhaṃ uyyānaṃ paviṭṭharājā viya ca sakalampi divasabhāgaṃ antosamāpattiyaṃyeva hoti. Tenāhu porāṇā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kāmesu chandaṃ paṭighaṃ vinodaye,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Uddhaccamiddhaṃ vicikicchapañcamaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Vivekapāmojjakarena cetasā,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Rājāva suddhantagato tahiṃ rame’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmā ciraṭṭhitikāmena paribandhakadhamme visodhetvā jhānaṃ samāpajjitabbaṃ. Cittabhāvanāvepullatthañca yathāladdhaṃ paṭibhāganimittaṃ vaḍḍhetabbaṃ. Tassa dve vaḍḍhanābhūmiyo upacāraṃ vā <a name="V1.0147"></a> appanaṃ vā. Upacāraṃ patvāpi hi taṃ vaḍḍhetuṃ vaṭṭati appanaṃ patvāpi. Ekasmiṃ pana ṭhāne avassaṃ vaḍḍhetabbaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘yathāladdhaṃ paṭibhāganimittaṃ vaḍḍhetabba’’nti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Nimittavaḍḍhananayo</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para77"></a><span class="paranum">77</span>. Tatrāyaṃ vaḍḍhananayo, tena yoginā taṃ nimittaṃ pattavaḍḍhanapūvavaḍḍhanabhattavaḍḍhanalatāvaḍḍhanadussavaḍḍhanayogena avaḍḍhetvā yathā nāma kassako kasitabbaṭṭhānaṃ <a name="M1.0148"></a> naṅgalena paricchinditvā paricchedabbhantare kasati, yathā vā pana bhikkhū sīmaṃ bandhantā paṭhamaṃ nimittāni sallakkhetvā pacchā bandhanti, evameva tassa yathāladdhassa nimittassa anukkamena ekaṅguladvaṅgulativaṅgulacaturaṅgulamattaṃ manasā paricchinditvā yathāparicchedaṃ vaḍḍhetabbaṃ. Aparicchinditvā pana na vaḍḍhetabbaṃ. Tato vidatthiratanapamukhapariveṇavihārasīmānaṃ gāmanigamajanapadarajjasamuddasīmānañca paricchedavasena vaḍḍhayantena cakkavāḷaparicchedena vā tato vāpi uttari paricchinditvā vaḍḍhetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā hi haṃsapotakā pakkhānaṃ uṭṭhitakālato paṭṭhāya parittaṃ parittaṃ padesaṃ uppatantā paricayaṃ katvā anukkamena candimasūriyasantikaṃ gacchanti, evameva bhikkhu vuttanayena nimittaṃ paricchinditvā vaḍḍhento yāva cakkavāḷaparicchedā tato vā uttari vaḍḍheti. Athassa taṃ nimittaṃ vaḍḍhitavaḍḍhitaṭṭhāne pathaviyā ukkūlavikūlanadīviduggapabbatavisamesu saṅkusatasamabbhāhataṃ usabhacammaṃ viya hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmiṃ pana nimitte pattapaṭhamajjhānena ādikammikena samāpajjanabahulena bhavitabbaṃ, na paccavekkhaṇabahulena. Paccavekkhaṇabahulassa hi jhānaṅgāni thūlāni dubbalāni hutvā upaṭṭhahanti. Athassa tāni evaṃ upaṭṭhitattā upari ussukkanāya paccayataṃ āpajjanti. So appaguṇe jhāne ussukkamāno pattapaṭhamajjhānā ca parihāyati, na ca sakkoti dutiyaṃ pāpuṇituṃ. Tenāha bhagavā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gāvī pabbateyyā bālā abyattā akhettaññū akusalā visame pabbate carituṃ. Tassā evamassa ‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ agatapubbañceva disaṃ gaccheyyaṃ, akhāditapubbāni ca tiṇāni khādeyyaṃ, apītapubbāni ca pānīyāni piveyya’nti. Sā <a name="V1.0148"></a> purimaṃ pādaṃ na supatiṭṭhitaṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā pacchimaṃ pādaṃ uddhareyya, sā na ceva agatapubbaṃ disaṃ gaccheyya, na ca akhāditapubbāni tiṇāni khādeyya, na ca apītapubbāni pānīyāni piveyya. Yasmiñcassā padese ṭhitāya evamassa ‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ agatapubbañceva…pe… piveyya’nti. Tañca padesaṃ na sotthinā paccāgaccheyya. Taṃ kissa hetu<a name="M1.0149"></a>? Tathā hi sā, bhikkhave, gāvī pabbateyyā bālā abyattā akhettaññū akusalā visame pabbate carituṃ, evameva kho, bhikkhave, idhekacco bhikkhu bālo abyatto akhettaññū akusalo vivicceva kāmehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharituṃ. So taṃ nimittaṃ nāsevati, na bhāveti, na bahulīkaroti, na svādhiṭṭhitaṃ adhiṭṭhāti, tassa evaṃ hoti ‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihareyya’nti. So na sakkoti vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharituṃ. Tassevaṃ hoti ‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ vivicceva kāmehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihareyya’nti. So na sakkoti vivicceva kāmehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharituṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ubhato bhaṭṭho ubhato parihīno, seyyathāpi sā gāvī pabbateyyā bālā abyattā akhettaññū akusalā visame pabbate caritu’’nti (a. ni. 9.35).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmānena tasmiṃyeva tāva paṭhamajjhāne pañcahākārehi ciṇṇavasinā bhavitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pañcavasīkathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para78"></a><span class="paranum">78</span>. Tatrimā pañca vasiyo āvajjanavasī, samāpajjanavasī, adhiṭṭhānavasī, vuṭṭhānavasī, paccavekkhaṇavasīti. Paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ yatthicchakaṃ yadicchakaṃ yāvadicchakaṃ āvajjeti, āvajjanāya dandhāyitattaṃ natthīti <span class="bld">āvajjanavasī</span>. Paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ yatthicchakaṃ…pe… samāpajjati, samāpajjanāya dandhāyitattaṃ natthīti <span class="bld">samāpajjanavasī</span>. Evaṃ sesāpi vitthāretabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ panettha atthappakāsanā, paṭhamajjhānato vuṭṭhāya paṭhamaṃ vitakkaṃ āvajjayato bhavaṅgaṃ upacchinditvā uppannāvajjanānantaraṃ vitakkārammaṇāneva cattāri pañca vā javanāni javanti. Tato dve bhavaṅgāni, tato puna vicārārammaṇaṃ āvajjanaṃ, vuttanayāneva javanānīti evaṃ pañcasu <a name="V1.0149"></a> jhānaṅgesu yadā nirantaraṃ cittaṃ pesetuṃ sakkoti, athassa <span class="bld">āvajjanavasī</span> siddhā hoti. Ayaṃ pana matthakappattā vasī bhagavato yamakapāṭihāriye labbhati<a name="M1.0150"></a>, aññesaṃ vā evarūpe kāle. Ito paraṃ sīghatarā āvajjanavasī nāma natthi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āyasmato pana mahāmoggallānassa nandopanandanāgarājadamane viya sīghaṃ samāpajjanasamatthatā <span class="bld">samāpajjanavasī</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Accharāmattaṃ vā dasaccharāmattaṃ vā khaṇaṃ ṭhapetuṃ samatthatā <span class="bld">adhiṭṭhānavasī</span> nāma. Tatheva lahuṃ vuṭṭhātuṃ samatthatā <span class="bld">vuṭṭhānavasī</span> nāma. Tadubhayadassanatthaṃ buddharakkhitattherassa vatthuṃ kathetuṃ vaṭṭati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So hāyasmā upasampadāya aṭṭhavassiko hutvā therambatthale mahārohaṇaguttattherassa gilānupaṭṭhānaṃ āgatānaṃ tiṃsamattānaṃ iddhimantasahassānaṃ majjhe nisinno therassa yāguṃ paṭiggāhayamānaṃ upaṭṭhākanāgarājānaṃ gahessāmīti ākāsato pakkhandantaṃ supaṇṇarājānaṃ disvā tāvadeva pabbataṃ nimminitvā nāgarājānaṃ bāhāyaṃ gahetvā tattha pāvisi. Supaṇṇarājā pabbate pahāraṃ datvā palāyi. Mahāthero āha – ‘‘sace, āvuso, buddharakkhito nābhavissa, sabbeva gārayhā assāmā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paccavekkhaṇavasī pana āvajjanavasiyā eva vuttā. Paccavekkhaṇajavanāneva hi tattha āvajjanānantarānīti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dutiyajjhānakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para79"></a><span class="paranum">79</span>. Imāsu pana pañcasu vasīsu ciṇṇavasinā paguṇapaṭhamajjhānato vuṭṭhāya ‘‘ayaṃ samāpatti āsannanīvaraṇapaccatthikā, vitakkavicārānaṃ oḷārikattā aṅgadubbalā’’ti ca tattha dosaṃ disvā dutiyajjhānaṃ santato manasikatvā paṭhamajjhāne nikantiṃ pariyādāya dutiyādhigamāya yogo kātabbo. Athassa yadā paṭhamajjhānā vuṭṭhāya satassa sampajānassa jhānaṅgāni paccavekkhato vitakkavicārā oḷārikato upaṭṭhahanti, pītisukhañceva cittekaggatā ca santato upaṭṭhāti, tadāssa oḷārikaṅgaṃ pahānāya santaaṅgapaṭilābhāya ca tadeva <a name="V1.0150"></a> nimittaṃ ‘‘pathavī pathavī’’ti punappunaṃ manasikaroto ‘‘idāni dutiyajjhānaṃ uppajjissatī’’ti bhavaṅgaṃ upacchinditvā tadeva pathavīkasiṇaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā manodvārāvajjanaṃ uppajjati<a name="M1.0151"></a>. Tato tasmiṃyevārammaṇe cattāri pañca vā javanāni javanti, yesamavasāne ekaṃ rūpāvacaraṃ dutiyajjhānikaṃ. Sesāni vuttappakārāneva kāmāvacarānīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā cesa vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Evamanena dvaṅgavippahīnaṃ tivaṅgasamannāgataṃ tividhakalyāṇaṃ dasalakkhaṇasampannaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ adhigataṃ hoti pathavīkasiṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para80"></a><span class="paranum">80</span>. Tattha <span class="bld">vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā</span>ti vitakkassa ca vicārassa cāti imesaṃ dvinnaṃ vūpasamā samatikkamā, dutiyajjhānakkhaṇe apātubhāvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha kiñcāpi dutiyajjhāne sabbepi paṭhamajjhānadhammā na santi. Aññeyeva hi paṭhamajjhāne phassādayo, aññe idha. Oḷārikassa pana oḷārikassa aṅgassa samatikkamā paṭhamajjhānato paresaṃ dutiyajjhānādīnaṃ adhigamo hotīti dīpanatthaṃ ‘‘vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā’’ti evaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ajjhatta</span>nti idha niyakajjhattamadhippetaṃ. Vibhaṅge pana ‘‘ajjhattaṃ paccatta’’nti ettakameva vuttaṃ. Yasmā ca niyakajjhattamadhippetaṃ, tasmā attani jātaṃ attano santāne nibbattanti ayamettha attho. <span class="bld">Sampasādana</span>nti sampasādanaṃ vuccati saddhā. Sampasādanayogato jhānampi sampasādanaṃ. Nīlavaṇṇayogato nīlavatthaṃ viya. Yasmā vā taṃ jhānaṃ sampasādanasamannāgatattā vitakkavicārakkhobhavūpasamanena ca cetaso sampasādayati, tasmāpi sampasādananti vuttaṃ. Imasmiñca atthavikappe sampasādanaṃ cetasoti evaṃ padasambandho veditabbo. Purimasmiṃ pana atthavikappe cetasoti etaṃ ekodibhāvena saddhiṃ yojetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyamatthayojanā, eko udetīti ekodi, vitakkavicārehi anajjhārūḷhattā aggo seṭṭho hutvā udetīti attho. Seṭṭhopi hi loke ekoti vuccati. Vitakkavicāravirahato vā eko asahāyo hutvā itipi vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Atha vā sampayuttadhamme udāyatīti udi, uṭṭhāpetīti <a name="V1.0151"></a> attho. Seṭṭhaṭṭhena eko ca so udi cāti ekodi, samādhissetaṃ <a name="M1.0152"></a> adhivacanaṃ. Iti imaṃ ekodiṃ bhāveti vaḍḍhetīti idaṃ dutiyajjhānaṃ ekodibhāvaṃ. So panāyaṃ ekodi yasmā cetaso, na sattassa, na jīvassa, tasmā etaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvanti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu cāyaṃ saddhā paṭhamajjhānepi atthi, ayañca ekodināmako samādhi, atha kasmā idameva ‘‘sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvañcā’’ti vuttanti. Vuccate, aduñhi paṭhamajjhānaṃ vitakkavicārakkhobhena vīcitaraṅgasamākulamiva jalaṃ na suppasannaṃ hoti, tasmā satiyāpi saddhāya ‘‘sampasādana’’nti na vuttaṃ. Na suppasannattāyeva cettha samādhipi na suṭṭhu pākaṭo, tasmā ‘‘ekodibhāva’’ntipi na vuttaṃ. Imasmiṃ pana jhāne vitakkavicārapalibodhābhāvena laddhokāsā balavatī saddhā, balavasaddhāsahāyapaṭilābheneva ca samādhipi pākaṭo, tasmā idameva evaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Vibhaṅge pana ‘‘sampasādananti yā saddhā saddahanā okappanā abhippasādo. Cetaso ekodibhāvanti yā cittassa ṭhiti…pe… sammāsamādhī’’ti ettakameva vuttaṃ. Evaṃ vuttena pana tena saddhiṃ ayamatthavaṇṇanā yathā na virujjhati, aññadatthu saṃsandati ceva sameti ca, evaṃ veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para81"></a><span class="paranum">81</span>. <span class="bld">Avitakkaṃ avicāra</span>nti bhāvanāya pahīnattā etasmiṃ, etassa vā vitakko natthīti avitakkaṃ. Imināva nayena avicāraṃ. Vibhaṅgepi vuttaṃ ‘‘iti ayañca vitakko ayañca vicāro santā honti samitā vūpasantā atthaṅgatā abbhatthaṅgatā appitā byappitā sositā visositā byantikatā, tena vuccati avitakkaṃ avicāra’’nti (vibha. 576).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāha ‘‘nanu ca ‘vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā’ti imināpi ayamattho siddho, atha kasmā puna vuttaṃ ‘avitakkaṃ avicāra’nti’’. Vuccate, evametaṃ siddhovāyamattho, na panetaṃ tadatthadīpakaṃ. Nanu avocumha ‘‘oḷārikassa pana oḷārikassa aṅgassa samatikkamā paṭhamajjhānato paresaṃ dutiyajjhānādīnaṃ samadhigamo hotīti dassanatthaṃ vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamāti evaṃ vutta’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā idaṃ sampasādanaṃ, na kilesakālussiyassa. Vitakkavicārānañca vūpasamā ekodibhāvaṃ, na upacārajjhānamiva nīvaraṇappahānā<a name="M1.0153"></a>, paṭhamajjhānamiva <a name="V1.0152"></a> ca na aṅgapātubhāvāti evaṃ sampasādanaekodibhāvānaṃ hetuparidīpakamidaṃ vacanaṃ. Tathā vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā idaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ, na tatiyacatutthajjhānāni viya cakkhuviññāṇādīni viya ca abhāvāti evaṃ avitakkaavicārabhāvassa hetuparidīpakañca, na vitakkavicārābhāvamattaparidīpakaṃ. Vitakkavicārābhāvamattaparidīpakameva pana ‘‘avitakkaṃ avicāra’’nti idaṃ vacanaṃ. Tasmā purimaṃ vatvāpi vattabbamevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Samādhija</span>nti paṭhamajjhānasamādhito sampayuttasamādhito vā jātanti attho. Tattha kiñcāpi paṭhamampi sampayuttasamādhito jātaṃ, atha kho ayameva samādhi ‘‘samādhī’’ti vattabbataṃ arahati vitakkavicārakkhobhavirahena ativiya acalattā, suppasannattā ca, tasmā imassa vaṇṇabhaṇanatthaṃ idameva ‘‘samādhija’’nti vuttaṃ. Pītisukhanti idaṃ vuttanayameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dutiya</span>nti gaṇanānupubbatā dutiyaṃ. Idaṃ dutiyaṃ samāpajjatītipi dutiyaṃ. Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘dvaṅgavippahīnaṃ tivaṅgasamannāgata’’nti, tattha vitakkavicārānaṃ pahānavasena dvaṅgavippahīnatā veditabbā. Yathā ca paṭhamajjhānassa upacārakkhaṇe nīvaraṇāni pahīyanti, na tathā imassa vitakkavicārā. Appanākkhaṇeyeva ca panetaṃ vinā tehi uppajjati. Tenassa te ‘‘pahānaṅga’’nti vuccanti. Pīti sukhaṃ cittekaggatāti imesaṃ pana tiṇṇaṃ uppattivasena tivaṅgasamannāgatatā veditabbā. Tasmā yaṃ vibhaṅge ‘‘jhānanti sampasādo pīti sukhaṃ cittassa ekaggatā’’ti (vibha. 580) vuttaṃ, taṃ saparikkhāraṃ jhānaṃ dassetuṃ pariyāyena vuttaṃ. Ṭhapetvā pana sampasādanaṃ nippariyāyena upanijjhānalakkhaṇappattānaṃ aṅgānaṃ vasena tivaṅgikameva etaṃ hoti. Yathāha – ‘‘katamaṃ tasmiṃ samaye tivaṅgikaṃ jhānaṃ hoti, pīti sukhaṃ cittassa ekaggatā’’ti (dha. sa. 161; vibha. 628). Sesaṃ paṭhamajjhāne vuttanayameva.</p>
<p class="subhead">Tatiyajjhānakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para82"></a><span class="paranum">82</span>. Evamadhigate pana tasmimpi vuttanayeneva pañcahākārehi ciṇṇavasinā hutvā paguṇadutiyajjhānato vuṭṭhāya ‘‘ayaṃ samāpatti āsannavitakkavicārapaccatthikā, ‘yadeva tattha pītigataṃ cetaso uppilāvitaṃ, etenetaṃ <a name="M1.0154"></a> oḷārikaṃ akkhāyatī’ti (dī. ni. 1.96) vuttāya pītiyā oḷārikattā aṅgadubbalā’’ti ca tattha dosaṃ disvā tatiyajjhānaṃ santato manasikaritvā <a name="V1.0153"></a> dutiyajjhāne nikantiṃ pariyādāya tatiyādhigamāya yogo kātabbo. Athassa yadā dutiyajjhānato vuṭṭhāya satassa sampajānassa jhānaṅgāni paccavekkhato pīti oḷārikato upaṭṭhāti, sukhañceva ekaggatā ca santato upaṭṭhāti. Tadāssa oḷārikaṅgappahānāya santaaṅgapaṭilābhāya ca tadeva nimittaṃ ‘‘pathavī pathavī’’ti punappunaṃ manasikaroto ‘‘idāni tatiyajjhānaṃ uppajjissatī’’ti bhavaṅgaṃ upacchinditvā tadeva pathavīkasiṇaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā manodvārāvajjanaṃ uppajjati. Tato tasmiṃyevārammaṇe cattāri pañca vā javanāni javanti, yesaṃ avasāne ekaṃ rūpāvacaraṃ tatiyajjhānikaṃ, sesāni vuttanayeneva kāmāvacarānīti. Ettāvatā ca panesa pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati sato ca sampajāno, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti upekkhako satimā sukhavihārīti, tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatīti (dī. ni. 1.230; dha. sa. 163). Evamanena ekaṅgavippahīnaṃ duvaṅgasamannāgataṃ tividhakalyāṇaṃ dasalakkhaṇasampannaṃ tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ adhigataṃ hoti pathavīkasiṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para83"></a><span class="paranum">83</span>. Tattha <span class="bld">pītiyā ca virāgā</span>ti virāgo nāma vuttappakārāya pītiyā jigucchanaṃ vā samatikkamo vā. Ubhinnaṃ pana antarā casaddo sampiṇḍanattho, so vūpasamaṃ vā sampiṇḍeti vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamaṃ vā. Tattha yadā vūpasamameva sampiṇḍeti, tadā ‘‘pītiyā ca virāgā kiñca bhiyyo vūpasamā cā’’ti evaṃ yojanā veditabbā. Imissā ca yojanāya virāgo jigucchanattho hoti, tasmā ‘‘pītiyā jigucchanā ca vūpasamā cā’’ti ayamattho daṭṭhabbo. Yadā pana vitakkavicāravūpasamaṃ sampiṇḍeti, tadā ‘‘pītiyā ca virāgā, kiñca bhiyyo vitakkavicārānañca vūpasamā’’ti evaṃ yojanā veditabbā. Imissā ca yojanāya virāgo samatikkamanattho hoti, tasmā ‘‘pītiyā ca samatikkamā vitakkavicārānañca vūpasamā’’ti ayamattho daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kāmañcete vitakkavicārā dutiyajjhāneyeva vūpasantā, imassa pana jhānassa maggaparidīpanatthaṃ vaṇṇabhaṇanatthañcetaṃ vuttaṃ. Vitakkavicārānañca vūpasamāti hi vutte idaṃ paññāyati, nūna vitakkavicāravūpasamo maggo imassa <a name="M1.0155"></a> jhānassāti. Yathā ca tatiye ariyamagge appahīnānampi sakkāyadiṭṭhādīnaṃ ‘‘pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānā’’ti (dī. ni. 1.373; ma. ni. 2.133; saṃ. ni. 5.184; a. ni. 3.88) evaṃ <a name="V1.0154"></a> pahānaṃ vuccamānaṃ vaṇṇabhaṇanaṃ hoti, tadadhigamāya ussukkānaṃ ussāhajanakaṃ, evameva idha avūpasantānampi vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamo vuccamāno vaṇṇabhaṇanaṃ hoti. Tenāyamattho vutto ‘‘pītiyā ca samatikkamā vitakkavicārānañca vūpasamā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para84"></a><span class="paranum">84</span>. <span class="bld">Upekkhako ca viharatī</span>ti ettha upapattito ikkhatīti upekkhā. Samaṃ passati, apakkhapatitā hutvā passatīti attho. Tāya visadāya vipulāya thāmagatāya samannāgatattā tatiyajjhānasamaṅgī upekkhakoti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Upekkhā pana dasavidhā hoti chaḷaṅgupekkhā, brahmavihārupekkhā, bojjhaṅgupekkhā, vīriyupekkhā, saṅkhārupekkhā, vedanupekkhā, vipassanupekkhā, tatramajjhattupekkhā, jhānupekkhā, pārisuddhupekkhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yā ‘‘idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā neva sumano hoti, na dummano, upekkhako ca viharati sato sampajāno’’ti (a. ni. 6.1) evamāgatā khīṇāsavassa chasu dvāresu iṭṭhāniṭṭhachaḷārammaṇāpāthe parisuddhapakatibhāvāvijahanākārabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">chaḷaṅgupekkhā</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā pana ‘‘upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharatī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.556; ma. ni. 1.77) evamāgatā sattesu majjhattākārabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">brahmavihārupekkhā</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā ‘‘upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti vivekanissita’’nti (ma. ni. 1.27) evamāgatā sahajātadhammānaṃ majjhattākārabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">bojjhaṅgupekkhā</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā <a name="M1.0156"></a> pana ‘‘kālenakālaṃ upekkhānimittaṃ manasikarotī’’ti (a. ni. 3.103) evamāgatā anaccāraddhanātisithilavīriyasaṅkhātā upekkhā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">vīriyupekkhā</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā ‘‘kati saṅkhārupekkhā samathavasena uppajjanti, kati saṅkhārupekkhā vipassanāvasena uppajjanti<a name="V1.0155"></a>. Aṭṭha saṅkhārupekkhā samathavasena uppajjanti. Dasa saṅkhārupekkhā vipassanāvasena uppajjantī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.57) evamāgatā nīvaraṇādipaṭisaṅkhāsantiṭṭhanā gahaṇe majjhattabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">saṅkhārupekkhā</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā pana ‘‘yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti upekkhāsahagata’’nti (dha. sa. 150) evamāgatā adukkhamasukhasaññitā upekkhā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">vedanupekkhā</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā ‘‘yadatthi yaṃ bhūtaṃ, taṃ pajahati, upekkhaṃ paṭilabhatī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.71; a. ni. 7.55) evamāgatā vicinane majjhattabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">vipassanupekkhā</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā pana chandādīsu yevāpanakesu āgatā sahajātānaṃ samavāhitabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">tatramajjhattupekkhā</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā ‘‘upekkhako ca viharatī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.230; dha. sa. 163) evamāgatā aggasukhepi tasmiṃ apakkhapātajananī upekkhā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">jhānupekkhā</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā pana ‘‘upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhāna’’nti (dī. ni. 1.232; dha. sa. 165) evamāgatā sabbapaccanīkaparisuddhā paccanīkavūpasamanepi abyāpārabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">pārisuddhupekkhā</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatra chaḷaṅgupekkhā ca brahmavihārupekkhā ca bojjhaṅgupekkhā ca tatramajjhattupekkhā ca jhānupekkhā ca pārisuddhupekkhā ca atthato ekā, tatramajjhattupekkhāva hoti. Tena tena avatthābhedena panassā ayaṃ bhedo. Ekassāpi sato sattassa kumārayuvatherasenāpatirājādivasena bhedo viya. Tasmā tāsu yattha chaḷaṅgupekkhā, na tattha bojjhaṅgupekkhādayo. Yattha vā pana bojjhaṅgupekkhā, na tattha chaḷaṅgupekkhādayo hontīti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā <a name="M1.0157"></a> cetāsamatthato ekībhāvo, evaṃ saṅkhārupekkhā vipassanupekkhānampi. Paññā eva hi sā kiccavasena dvidhā bhinnā. Yathā hi purisassa sāyaṃ gehaṃ paviṭṭhaṃ sappaṃ ajapadadaṇḍaṃ gahetvā <a name="V1.0156"></a> pariyesamānassa taṃ thusakoṭṭhake nipannaṃ disvā ‘‘sappo nu kho, no’’ti avalokentassa sovattikattayaṃ disvā nibbematikassa ‘‘sappo, na sappo’’ti vicinane majjhattatā hoti, evameva yā āraddhavipassakassa vipassanāñāṇena lakkhaṇattaye diṭṭhe saṅkhārānaṃ aniccabhāvādivicinane majjhattatā uppajjati, ayaṃ <span class="bld">vipassanupekkhā</span> nāma. Yathā pana tassa purisassa ajapadadaṇḍena gāḷhaṃ sappaṃ gahetvā ‘‘kiṃ tāhaṃ imaṃ sappaṃ aviheṭhento attānañca iminā aḍaṃsāpento muñceyya’’nti muñcanākārameva pariyesato gahaṇe majjhattatā hoti. Evameva yā lakkhaṇattayassa diṭṭhattā āditte viya tayo bhave passato saṅkhāraggahaṇe majjhattatā, ayaṃ <span class="bld">saṅkhārupekkhā</span> nāma. Iti vipassanupekkhāya siddhāya saṅkhārupekkhāpi siddhāva hoti. Iminā panesā vicinanaggahaṇesu majjhattasaṅkhātena kiccena dvidhā bhinnāti. Vīriyupekkhā pana vedanupekkhā ca aññamaññañca avasesāhi ca atthato bhinnā evāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iti imāsu upekkhāsu jhānupekkhā idhādhippetā. Sā majjhattalakkhaṇā, anābhogarasā, abyāpārapaccupaṭṭhānā, pītivirāgapadaṭṭhānāti. Etthāha, nanu cāyamatthato tatramajjhattupekkhāva hoti, sā ca paṭhamadutiyajjhānesupi atthi. Tasmā tatrāpi upekkhako ca viharatīti evamayaṃ vattabbā siyā, sā kasmā na vuttāti. Aparibyattakiccato. Aparibyattañhi tassā tattha kiccaṃ vitakkādīhi abhibhūtattā. Idha panāyaṃ vitakkavicārapītīhi anabhibhūtattā ukkhittasirā viya hutvā paribyattakiccā jātā, tasmā vuttāti.</p>
<p class="centered">Niṭṭhitā upekkhako ca viharatīti etassa</p>
<p class="centered">Sabbaso atthavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para85"></a><span class="paranum">85</span>. Idāni <span class="bld">sato ca sampajāno</span>ti ettha saratīti sato. Sampajānātīti sampajāno. Puggalena sati ca sampajaññañca vuttaṃ. Tattha saraṇalakkhaṇā sati, asammussanarasā, ārakkhapaccupaṭṭhānā. Asammohalakkhaṇaṃ sampajaññaṃ, tīraṇarasaṃ, pavicayapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M1.0158"></a> kiñcāpi idaṃ satisampajaññaṃ purimajjhānesupi atthi. Muṭṭhasatissa hi asampajānassa upacāramattampi na sampajjati, pageva appanā. Oḷārikattā pana tesaṃ jhānānaṃ bhūmiyaṃ viya purisassa cittassa gati sukhā hoti, abyattaṃ tattha satisampajaññakiccaṃ. Oḷārikaṅgappahānena pana sukhumattā imassa jhānassa purisassa khuradhārāyaṃ viya satisampajaññakiccapariggahitā <a name="V1.0157"></a> eva cittassa gati icchitabbāti idheva vuttaṃ. Kiñca bhiyyo, yathā dhenupago vaccho dhenuto apanīto arakkhiyamāno punadeva dhenuṃ upagacchati, evamidaṃ tatiyajjhānasukhaṃ pītito apanītaṃ, taṃ satisampajaññārakkhena arakkhiyamānaṃ punadeva pītiṃ upagaccheyya, pītisampayuttameva siyā. Sukhe vāpi sattā sārajjanti, idañca atimadhuraṃ sukhaṃ, tato paraṃ sukhābhāvā. Satisampajaññānubhāvena panettha sukhe asārajjanā hoti, no aññathāti imampi atthavisesaṃ dassetuṃ idamidheva vuttanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <span class="bld">sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedetī</span>ti ettha kiñcāpi tatiyajjhānasamaṅgino sukhapaṭisaṃvedanābhogo natthi. Evaṃ santepi yasmā tassa nāmakāyena sampayuttaṃ sukhaṃ. Yaṃ vā taṃ nāmakāyasampayuttaṃ sukhaṃ, taṃsamuṭṭhānenassa yasmā atipaṇītena rūpena rūpakāyo phuṭo, yassa phuṭattā jhānā vuṭṭhitopi sukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeyya. Tasmā etamatthaṃ dassento sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedetīti āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para86"></a><span class="paranum">86</span>. Idāni <span class="bld">yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī</span>ti ettha yaṃjhānahetu yaṃjhānakāraṇā taṃ tatiyajjhānasamaṅgipuggalaṃ buddhādayo ariyā ācikkhanti desenti paññapenti paṭṭhapenti vivaranti vibhajanti uttānīkaronti pakāsenti, pasaṃsantīti adhippāyo. Kinti? Upekkhako satimā sukhavihārīti. Taṃ tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatīti evamettha yojanā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmā pana taṃ te evaṃ pasaṃsantīti? Pasaṃsārahato. Ayañhi yasmā atimadhurasukhe sukhapāramippattepi tatiyajjhāne upekkhako, na tattha sukhābhisaṅgena ākaḍḍhiyati. Yathā ca pīti na uppajjati, evaṃ upaṭṭhitasatitāya satimā. Yasmā ca ariyakantaṃ ariyajanasevitameva ca asaṃkiliṭṭhaṃ sukhaṃ nāmakāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, tasmā pasaṃsāraho hoti<a name="M1.0159"></a>. Iti pasaṃsārahato naṃ ariyā te evaṃ pasaṃsāhetubhūte guṇe pakāsento ‘‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’’ti evaṃ pasaṃsantīti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatiyanti gaṇanānupubbatā tatiyaṃ, idaṃ tatiyaṃ samāpajjatītipi tatiyaṃ. Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘ekaṅgavippahīnaṃ duvaṅgasamannāgata’’nti, ettha pītiyā pahānavasena ekaṅgavippahīnatā veditabbā<a name="V1.0158"></a>. Sā panesā dutiyajjhānassa vitakkavicārā viya appanākkhaṇeyeva pahīyati. Tena nassa sā pahānaṅganti vuccati. Sukhaṃ cittekaggatāti imesaṃ pana dvinnaṃ uppattivasena duvaṅgasamannāgatatā veditabbā. Tasmā yaṃ vibhaṅge ‘‘jhānanti upekkhā sati sampajaññaṃ sukhaṃ cittassekaggatā’’ti (vibha. 591) vuttaṃ, taṃ saparikkhāraṃ jhānaṃ dassetuṃ pariyāyena vuttaṃ. Ṭhapetvā pana upekkhāsatisampajaññāni nippariyāyena upanijjhānalakkhaṇappattānaṃ aṅgānaṃ vasena duvaṅgikamevetaṃ hoti. Yathāha – ‘‘katamaṃ tasmiṃ samaye duvaṅgikaṃ jhānaṃ hoti, sukhaṃ cittassekaggatā’’ti (dha. sa. 163; vibha. 624). Sesaṃ paṭhamajjhāne vuttanayameva.</p>
<p class="subhead">Catutthajjhānakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para87"></a><span class="paranum">87</span>. Evamadhigate pana tasmiṃpi vuttanayeneva pañcahākārehi ciṇṇavasinā hutvā paguṇatatiyajjhānato vuṭṭhāya ‘‘ayaṃ samāpatti āsannapītipaccatthikā, ‘yadeva tattha sukhamiti cetaso ābhogo, etenetaṃ oḷārikaṃ akkhāyatī’ti (dī. ni. 1.96) evaṃ vuttassa sukhassa oḷārikattā aṅgadubbalā’’ti ca tattha dosaṃ disvā catutthaṃ jhānaṃ santato manasikatvā tatiyajjhāne nikantiṃ pariyādāya catutthādhigamāya yogo kātabbo. Athassa yadā tatiyajjhānato vuṭṭhāya satassa sampajānassa jhānaṅgāni paccavekkhato cetasikasomanassasaṅkhātaṃ sukhaṃ oḷārikato upaṭṭhāti, upekkhāvedanā ceva cittekaggatā ca santato upaṭṭhāti, tadāssa oḷārikaṅgappahānāya santaaṅgapaṭilābhāya ca tadeva nimittaṃ ‘‘pathavī pathavī’’ti punappunaṃ manasikaroto ‘‘idāni catutthaṃ jhānaṃ uppajjissatī’’ti bhavaṅgaṃ upacchinditvā tadeva pathavīkasiṇaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā manodvārāvajjanaṃ uppajjati. Tato tasmiṃyevārammaṇe cattāri pañca vā javanāni uppajjanti<a name="M1.0160"></a>, yesaṃ avasāne ekaṃ rūpāvacaraṃ catutthajjhānikaṃ, sesāni vuttappakārāneva kāmāvacarāni. Ayaṃ pana viseso, yasmā sukhavedanā adukkhamasukhāya vedanāya āsevanapaccayena paccayo na hoti, catutthajjhāne ca adukkhamasukhāya vedanāya uppajjitabbaṃ, tasmā tāni upekkhāvedanāsampayuttāni honti. Upekkhāsampayuttattāyeva cettha pītipi parihāyatīti. Ettāvatā cesa sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati (dī. ni. 1.232; dha. sa. 165). Evamanena ekaṅgavippahīnaṃ duvaṅgasamannāgataṃ tividhakalyāṇaṃ dasalakkhaṇasampannaṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ adhigataṃ hoti pathavīkasiṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para88"></a><span class="paranum">88</span>. Tattha <a name="V1.0159"></a> <span class="bld">sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā</span>ti kāyikasukhassa ca kāyikadukkhassa ca pahānā. <span class="bld">Pubbevā</span>ti tañca kho pubbeva, na catutthajjhānakkhaṇe. <span class="bld">Somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā</span>ti cetasikasukhassa ca cetasikadukkhassa cāti imesampi dvinnaṃ pubbeva atthaṅgamā, pahānā icceva vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kadā pana nesaṃ pahānaṃ hotīti. Catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ upacārakkhaṇe. Somanassañhi catutthajjhānassa upacārakkhaṇeyeva pahīyati. Dukkhadomanassasukhāni paṭhamadutiyatatiyajjhānānaṃ upacārakkhaṇesu. Evametesaṃ pahānakkamena avuttānampi indriyavibhaṅge pana indriyānaṃ uddesakkameneva idhāpi vuttānaṃ sukhadukkhasomanassadomanassānaṃ pahānaṃ veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi panetāni tassa tassa jhānassa upacārakkhaṇeyeva pahīyanti, atha kasmā ‘‘kattha cuppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati, idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehipi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ettha cuppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati. Kattha cuppannaṃ domanassindriyaṃ sukhindriyaṃ somanassindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati, idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, ettha cuppannaṃ somanassindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.510) evaṃ jhānesveva nirodho vuttoti? Atisayanirodhattā. Atisayanirodho hi nesaṃ paṭhamajjhānādīsu, na nirodhoyeva. Nirodhoyeva pana upacārakkhaṇe, nātisayanirodho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tathā <a name="M1.0161"></a> hi nānāvajjane paṭhamajjhānupacāre niruddhassāpi dukkhindriyassa ḍaṃsamakasādisamphassena vā visamāsanupatāpena vā siyā uppatti, na tveva antoappanāyaṃ. Upacāre vā niruddhampetaṃ na suṭṭhu niruddhaṃ hoti, paṭipakkhena avihatattā. Antoappanāyaṃ pana pītipharaṇena sabbo kāyo sukhokkanto hoti, sukhokkantakāyassa ca suṭṭhu niruddhaṃ hoti dukkhindriyaṃ, paṭipakkhena vihatattā. Nānāvajjaneyeva ca dutiyajjhānupacāre pahīnassa domanassindriyassa yasmā etaṃ vitakkavicārapaccayepi kāyakilamathe cittupaghāte ca sati uppajjati. Vitakkavicārābhāve ca neva uppajjati. Yattha pana uppajjati, tattha vitakkavicārabhāve, appahīnā eva ca dutiyajjhānupacāre vitakkavicārāti tatthassa siyā uppatti, na tveva dutiyajjhāne, pahīnapaccayattā. Tathā tatiyajjhānupacāre pahīnassāpi sukhindriyassa pītisamuṭṭhānapaṇītarūpaphuṭakāyassa <a name="V1.0160"></a> siyā uppatti, na tveva tatiyajjhāne. Tatiyajjhāne hi sukhassa paccayabhūtā pīti sabbaso niruddhāti. Tathā catutthajjhānupacāre pahīnassāpi somanassindriyassa āsannattā appanāppattāya upekkhāya abhāvena sammā anatikkantattā ca siyā uppatti, na tveva catutthajjhāne. Tasmā eva ca etthuppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhatīti tattha tattha aparisesaggahaṇaṃ katanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etthāha ‘‘athevaṃ tassa tassa jhānassupacāre pahīnāpi etā vedanā idha kasmā samāhaṭā’’ti? Sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ. Yā hi ayaṃ adukkhamasukhanti ettha adukkhamasukhā vedanā vuttā, sā sukhumā duviññeyyā na sakkā sukhena gahetuṃ, tasmā yathā nāma duṭṭhassa yathā vā tathā vā upasaṅkamitvā gahetuṃ asakkuṇeyyassa goṇassa sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ gopo ekasmiṃ vaje sabbā gāvo samāharati, athekekaṃ nīharanto paṭipāṭiyā āgataṃ ‘‘ayaṃ so gaṇhatha na’’nti tampi gāhayati, evameva bhagavā sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ sabbā etā samāhari. Evañhi samāhaṭā etā dassetvā yaṃ neva sukhaṃ na dukkhaṃ na somanassaṃ na domanassaṃ, ayaṃ adukkhamasukhā vedanāti sakkā hoti esā gāhayituṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā paccayadassanatthañcāpi etā vuttāti veditabbā. Dukkhappahānādayo hi tassā paccayā. Yathāha – ‘‘cattāro <a name="M1.0162"></a> kho, āvuso, paccayā adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā samāpattiyā. Idhāvuso, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ime khvāvuso, cattāro paccayā adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā samāpattiyā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.458).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā vā aññattha pahīnāpi sakkāyadiṭṭhiādayo tatiyamaggassa vaṇṇabhaṇanatthaṃ tattha pahīnāti vuttā, evaṃ vaṇṇabhaṇanatthampetassa jhānassetā idha vuttātipi veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paccayaghātena vā ettha rāgadosānamatidūrabhāvaṃ dassetumpetā vuttāti veditabbā. Etāsu hi sukhaṃ somanassassa paccayo, somanassaṃ rāgassa. Dukkhaṃ domanassassa paccayo, domanassaṃ dosassa. Sukhādighātena cassa sappaccayā rāgadosā hatāti atidūre hontīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Adukkhamasukha</span>nti dukkhābhāvena adukkhaṃ. Sukhābhāvena asukhaṃ. Etenettha dukkhasukhapaṭipakkhabhūtaṃ tatiyavedanaṃ dīpeti, na dukkhasukhābhāvamattaṃ. Tatiyavedanā nāma adukkhamasukhā<a name="V1.0161"></a>, upekkhātipi vuccati. Sā iṭṭhāniṭṭhaviparītānubhavanalakkhaṇā, majjhattarasā, avibhūtapaccupaṭṭhānā, sukhadukkhanirodhapadaṭṭhānāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para89"></a><span class="paranum">89</span>. <span class="bld">Upekkhāsatipārisuddhi</span>nti upekkhāya janitasatiyā pārisuddhiṃ. Imasmiñhi jhāne suparisuddhā sati, yā ca tassā satiyā pārisuddhi, sā upekkhāya katā, na aññena. Tasmā etaṃ ‘‘upekkhāsatipārisuddhi’’nti vuccati. Vibhaṅgepi vuttaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ sati imāya upekkhāya visadā hoti parisuddhā pariyodātā. Tena vuccati upekkhāsatipārisuddhī’’ti (vibha. 597). Yāya ca upekkhāya ettha satiyā pārisuddhi hoti, sā atthato tatramajjhattatātiveditabbā. Na kevalañcettha tāya satiyeva parisuddhā, apica kho sabbepi sampayuttadhammā, satisīsena pana desanā vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha kiñcāpi ayaṃ upekkhā heṭṭhāpi tīsu jhānesu vijjati. Yathā pana divā sūriyappabhābhibhavā sommabhāvena ca attano upakārakattena vā <a name="M1.0163"></a> sabhāgāya rattiyā alābhā divā vijjamānāpi candalekhā aparisuddhā hoti apariyodātā, evamayampi tatramajjhattupekkhācandalekhā vitakkādipaccanīkadhammatejābhibhavā sabhāgāya ca upekkhāvedanārattiyā appaṭilābhā vijjamānāpi paṭhamādijjhānabhedesu aparisuddhā hoti. Tassā ca aparisuddhāya divā aparisuddhacandalekhāya pabhā viya sahajātāpi satiādayo aparisuddhāva honti. Tasmā tesu ekampi ‘‘upekkhāsatipārisuddhi’’nti na vuttaṃ. Idha pana vitakkādipaccanīkadhammatejābhibhavābhāvā sabhāgāya ca upekkhāvedanārattiyā paṭilābhā ayaṃ tatramajjhattupekkhācandalekhā ativiya parisuddhā. Tassā parisuddhattā parisuddhacandalekhāya pabhā viya sahajātāpi satiādayo parisuddhā honti pariyodātā. Tasmā idameva ‘‘upekkhāsatipārisuddhi’’nti vuttanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Catuttha</span>nti gaṇanānupubbatā catutthaṃ. Idaṃ catutthaṃ samāpajjatītipi catutthaṃ. Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘ekaṅgavippahīnaṃ duvaṅgasamannāgata’’nti, tattha somanassassa pahānavasena ekaṅgavippahīnatā veditabbā. Tañca pana somanassaṃ ekavīthiyaṃ purimajavanesuyeva pahīyati. Tenassa taṃ pahānaṅganti vuccati. Upekkhāvedanā cittassekaggatāti imesaṃ pana dvinnaṃ uppattivasena duvaṅgasamannāgatatā veditabbā. Sesaṃ paṭhamajjhāne vuttanayameva. Esa tāva catukkajjhāne nayo.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pañcakajjhānakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para90"></a><span class="paranum">90</span>. Pañcakajjhānaṃ <a name="V1.0162"></a> pana nibbattentena paguṇapaṭhamajjhānato vuṭṭhāya ‘‘ayaṃ samāpatti āsannanīvaraṇapaccatthikā, vitakkassa oḷārikattā aṅgadubbalā’’ti ca tattha dosaṃ disvā dutiyajjhānaṃ santato manasikaritvā paṭhamajjhāne nikantiṃ pariyādāya dutiyādhigamāya yogo kātabbo. Athassa yadā paṭhamajjhānā vuṭṭhāya satassa sampajānassa jhānaṅgāni paccavekkhato vitakkamattaṃ oḷārikato upaṭṭhāti, vicārādayo santato. Tadāssa oḷārikaṅgappahānāya santaṅgapaṭilābhāya ca tadeva nimittaṃ ‘‘pathavī pathavī’’ti punappunaṃ manasikaroto vuttanayeneva dutiyajjhānaṃ uppajjati. Tassa vitakkamattameva pahānaṅgaṃ. Vicārādīni cattāri samannāgataṅgāni. Sesaṃ vuttappakārameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamadhigate <a name="M1.0164"></a> pana tasmimpi vuttanayeneva pañcahākārehi ciṇṇavasinā hutvā paguṇadutiyajjhānato vuṭṭhāya ‘‘ayaṃ samāpatti āsannavitakkapaccatthikā, vicārassa oḷārikattā aṅgadubbalā’’ti ca tattha dosaṃ disvā tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ santato manasikaritvā dutiyajjhāne nikantiṃ pariyādāya tatiyādhigamāya yogo kātabbo. Athassa yadā dutiyajjhānato vuṭṭhāya satassa sampajānassa jhānaṅgāni paccavekkhato vicāramattaṃ oḷārikato upaṭṭhāti, pītiādīni santato. Tadāssa oḷārikaṅgappahānāya santaṅgapaṭilābhāya ca tadeva nimittaṃ ‘‘pathavī pathavī’’ti punappunaṃ manasikaroto vuttanayeneva tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ uppajjati. Tassa vicāramattameva pahānaṅgaṃ catukkanayassa dutiyajjhāne viya pītiādīni tīṇi samannāgataṅgāni. Sesaṃ vuttappakārameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iti yaṃ catukkanaye dutiyaṃ, taṃ dvidhā bhinditvā pañcakanaye dutiyañceva tatiyañca hoti. Yāni ca tattha tatiyacatutthāni, tāni ca catutthapañcamāni honti. Paṭhamaṃ paṭhamamevāti.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge</p>
<p class="centered">Samādhibhāvanādhikāre</p>
<p class="centered">Pathavīkasiṇaniddeso nāma</p>
<p class="centered">Catuttho paricchedo.</p>
<p class="chapter">5. Sesakasiṇaniddeso</p>
<p class="subhead">Āpokasiṇakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para91"></a><span class="paranum">91</span>. Idāni <a name="M1.0165"></a><a name="V1.0163"></a> pathavīkasiṇānantare āpokasiṇe vitthārakathā hoti. Yatheva hi pathavīkasiṇaṃ, evaṃ āpokasiṇampi bhāvetukāmena sukhanisinnena āpasmiṃ nimittaṃ gaṇhitabbaṃ, kate vā akate vāti sabbaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Yathā ca idha, evaṃ sabbattha. Ito parañhi ettakampi avatvā visesamattameva vakkhāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idhāpi pubbekatādhikārassa puññavato akate āpasmiṃ pokkharaṇiyā vā taḷāke vā loṇiyaṃ vā samudde vā nimittaṃ uppajjati cūḷasivattherassa viya. Tassa kirāyasmato lābhasakkāraṃ pahāya vivittavāsaṃ vasissāmīti mahātitthe nāvamārūhitvā jambudīpaṃ gacchato antarā mahāsamuddaṃ olokayato tappaṭibhāgaṃ kasiṇanimittaṃ udapādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Akatādhikārena cattāro kasiṇadose pariharantena nīlapītalohitodātavaṇṇānamaññataravaṇṇaṃ āpaṃ agahetvā yaṃ pana bhūmiṃ asampattameva ākāse suddhavatthena gahitaṃ udakaṃ, aññaṃ vā tathārūpaṃ vippasannaṃ anāvilaṃ, tena pattaṃ vā kuṇḍikaṃ vā samatittikaṃ pūretvā vihārapaccante vuttappakāre paṭicchanne okāse ṭhapetvā sukhanisinnena na vaṇṇo paccavekkhitabbo. Na lakkhaṇaṃ manasi kātabbaṃ. Nissayasavaṇṇameva katvā ussadavasena paṇṇattidhamme cittaṃ ṭhapetvā ambu, udakaṃ, vāri, salilantiādīsu āponāmesu pākaṭanāmavaseneva ‘‘āpo āpo’’ti bhāvetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassevaṃ bhāvayato anukkamena vuttanayeneva nimittadvayaṃ uppajjati. Idha pana uggahanimittaṃ calamānaṃ viya upaṭṭhāti, sace pheṇapupphuḷakamissaṃ udakaṃ hoti, tādisameva upaṭṭhāti, kasiṇadoso <a name="V1.0164"></a> paññāyati. Paṭibhāganimittaṃ pana nipparipphandaṃ ākāse ṭhapitamaṇitālavaṇṭaṃ viya maṇimayādāsamaṇḍalamiva ca hutvā upaṭṭhāti. So tassa saha upaṭṭhāneneva <a name="M1.0166"></a> upacārajjhānaṃ, vuttanayeneva catukkapañcakajjhānāni ca pāpuṇātīti. Āpokasiṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Tejokasiṇakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para92"></a><span class="paranum">92</span>. Tejokasiṇaṃ bhāvetukāmenāpi tejasmiṃ nimittaṃ gaṇhitabbaṃ. Tattha katādhikārassa puññavato akate nimittaṃ gaṇhantassa dīpasikhāya vā uddhane vā pattapacanaṭṭhāne vā davadāhe vā yattha katthaci aggijālaṃ olokentassa nimittaṃ uppajjati cittaguttattherassa viya. Tassa hāyasmato dhammassavanadivase uposathāgāraṃ paviṭṭhassa dīpasikhaṃ olokentasseva nimittaṃ uppajji.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Itarena pana kātabbaṃ. Tatridaṃ karaṇavidhānaṃ, siniddhāni sāradārūni phāletvā sukkhāpetvā ghaṭikaṃ ghaṭikaṃ katvā patirūpaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ vā maṇḍapaṃ vā gantvā pattapacanākārena rāsiṃ katvā ālimpetvā kaṭasārake vā camme vā paṭe vā vidatthicaturaṅgulappamāṇaṃ chiddaṃ kātabbaṃ. Taṃ purato ṭhapetvā vuttanayeneva nisīditvā heṭṭhā tiṇakaṭṭhaṃ vā upari dhūmasikhaṃ vā amanasikaritvā vemajjhe ghanajālāya nimittaṃ gaṇhitabbaṃ, nīlanti vā pītanti vātiādivasena vaṇṇo na paccavekkhitabbo, uṇhattavasena lakkhaṇaṃ na manasi kātabbaṃ. Nissayasavaṇṇameva katvā ussadavasena paṇṇattidhamme cittaṃ ṭhapetvā pāvako, kaṇhavattanī, jātavedo, hutāsanotiādīsu aggināmesu pākaṭanāmavaseneva ‘‘tejo tejo’’ti bhāvetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassevaṃ bhāvayato anukkamena vuttanayeneva nimittadvayaṃ uppajjati. Tattha uggahanimittaṃ jālaṃ chijjitvā chijjitvā patanasadisaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti. Akate gaṇhantassa pana kasiṇadoso paññāyati, alātakhaṇḍaṃ vā aṅgārapiṇḍo vā chārikā vā dhūmo vā upaṭṭhāti. Paṭibhāganimittaṃ niccalaṃ ākāse ṭhapitarattakambalakkhaṇḍaṃ viya suvaṇṇatālavaṇṭaṃ viya kañcanatthambho viya ca upaṭṭhāti. So tassa saha upaṭṭhāneneva upacārajjhānaṃ, vuttanayeneva catukkapañcakajjhānāni ca pāpuṇātīti. Tejokasiṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Vāyokasiṇakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para93"></a><span class="paranum">93</span>. Vāyokasiṇaṃ <a name="M1.0167"></a><a name="V1.0165"></a> bhāvetukāmenāpi vāyusmiṃ nimittaṃ gaṇhitabbaṃ. Tañca kho diṭṭhavasena vā phuṭṭhavasena vā. Vuttañhetaṃ aṭṭhakathāsu ‘‘vāyokasiṇaṃ uggaṇhanto vāyusmiṃ nimittaṃ gaṇhāti, ucchaggaṃ vā eritaṃ sameritaṃ upalakkheti, veḷaggaṃ vā…pe… rukkhaggaṃ vā kesaggaṃ vā eritaṃ sameritaṃ upalakkheti, kāyasmiṃ vā phuṭṭhaṃ upalakkhetī’’ti. Tasmā samasīsaṭṭhitaṃ ghanapattaṃ ucchuṃ vā veḷuṃ vā rukkhaṃ vā caturaṅgulappamāṇaṃ ghanakesassa purisassa sīsaṃ vā vātena pahariyamānaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ vāto etasmiṃ ṭhāne paharatī’’ti satiṃ ṭhapetvā, yaṃ vā panassa vātapānantarikāya vā bhittichiddena vā pavisitvā vāto kāyappadesaṃ paharati, tattha satiṃ ṭhapetvā vātamālutaanilādīsu vāyunāmesu pākaṭanāmavaseneva ‘‘vāto vāto’’ti bhāvetabbaṃ. Idha uggahanimittavaḍḍhanato otāritamattassa pāyāsassa usumavaṭṭisadisaṃ calaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti. Paṭibhāganimittaṃ sannisinnaṃ hoti niccalaṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbanti. Vāyokasiṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Nīlakasiṇakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para94"></a><span class="paranum">94</span>. Tadanantaraṃ pana nīlakasiṇaṃ uggaṇhanto nīlakasmiṃ nimittaṃ gaṇhāti pupphasmiṃ vā vatthasmiṃ vā vaṇṇadhātuyā vāti vacanato katādhikārassa puññavato tāva tathārūpaṃ mālāgacchaṃ vā pūjāṭhānesu pupphasantharaṃ vā nīlavatthamaṇīnaṃ vā aññataraṃ disvāva nimittaṃ uppajjati. Itarena nīluppalagirikaṇṇikādīni pupphāni gahetvā yathā kesaraṃ vā vaṇṭaṃ vā na paññāyati, evaṃ caṅgoṭakaṃ vā karaṇḍapaṭalaṃ vā pattehiyeva samatittikaṃ pūretvā santharitabbaṃ. Nīlavaṇṇena vā vatthena bhaṇḍikaṃ bandhitvā pūretabbaṃ. Mukhavaṭṭiyaṃ vā assa bheritalamiva bandhitabbaṃ. Kaṃsanīlapalāsanīlaañjananīlānaṃ vā aññatarena dhātunā pathavīkasiṇe vuttanayena saṃhārimaṃ vā bhittiyaṃyeva vā kasiṇamaṇḍalaṃ katvā visabhāgavaṇṇena paricchinditabbaṃ. Tato pathavīkasiṇe vuttanayena ‘‘nīlaṃ nīla’’nti manasikāro pavattetabbo. Idhāpi uggahanimitte kasiṇadoso paññāyati, kesaradaṇḍakapattantarikādīni upaṭṭhahanti. Paṭibhāganimittaṃ kasiṇamaṇḍalato muñcitvā ākāse <a name="M1.0168"></a> maṇitālavaṇṭasadisaṃ upaṭṭhāti. Sesaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbanti. Nīlakasiṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pītakasiṇakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para95"></a><span class="paranum">95</span>. Pītakasiṇepi <a name="V1.0166"></a> eseva nayo. Vuttañhetaṃ pītakasiṇaṃ uggaṇhanto pītakasmiṃ nimittaṃ gaṇhāti pupphasmiṃ vā vatthasmiṃ vā vaṇṇadhātuyā vāti. Tasmā idhāpi katādhikārassa puññavato tathārūpaṃ mālāgacchaṃ vā pupphasantharaṃ vā pītavatthadhātūnaṃ vā aññataraṃ disvāva nimittaṃ uppajjati cittaguttattherassa viya. Tassa kirāyasmato cittalapabbate pattaṅgapupphehi kataṃ āsanapūjaṃ passato saha dassaneneva āsanappamāṇaṃ nimittaṃ udapādi. Itarena kaṇikārapupphādinā vā pītavatthena vā dhātunā vā nīlakasiṇe vuttanayeneva kasiṇaṃ katvā ‘‘pītakaṃ pītaka’’nti manasikāro pavattetabbo. Sesaṃ tādisamevāti. Pītakasiṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Lohitakasiṇakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para96"></a><span class="paranum">96</span>. Lohitakasiṇepi eseva nayo. Vuttañhetaṃ lohitakasiṇaṃ uggaṇhanto lohitakasmiṃ nimittaṃ gaṇhāti pupphasmiṃ vā vatthasmiṃ vā vaṇṇadhātuyā vāti. Tasmā idhāpi katādhikārassa puññavato tathārūpaṃ bandhujīvakādimālāgacchaṃ vā pupphasantharaṃ vā lohitakavatthamaṇidhātūnaṃ vā aññataraṃ disvāva nimittaṃ uppajjati. Itarena jayasumanabandhujīvakarattakoraṇḍakādipupphehi vā rattavatthena vā dhātunā vā nīlakasiṇe vuttanayeneva kasiṇaṃ katvā ‘‘lohitakaṃ lohitaka’’nti manasikāro pavattetabbo. Sesaṃ tādisamevāti. Lohitakasiṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Odātakasiṇakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para97"></a><span class="paranum">97</span>. Odātakasiṇepi odātakasiṇaṃ uggaṇhanto odātasmiṃ nimittaṃ gaṇhāti pupphasmiṃ vā vatthasmiṃ vā vaṇṇadhātuyā vāti vacanato katādhikārassa tāva puññavato tathārūpaṃ mālāgacchaṃ vā vassikasumanādipupphasantharaṃ vā kumudapadumarāsiṃ vā odātavatthadhātūnaṃ vā aññataraṃ disvāva nimittaṃ uppajjati, tipumaṇḍalarajatamaṇḍalacandamaṇḍalesupi uppajjatiyeva. Itarena <a name="M1.0169"></a> vuttappakārehi odātapupphehi vā odātavatthena vā dhātunā vā nīlakasiṇe vuttanayeneva kasiṇaṃ katvā ‘‘odātaṃ odāta’’nti manasikāro pavattetabbo. Sesaṃ tādisamevāti. Odātakasiṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Ālokakasiṇakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para98"></a><span class="paranum">98</span>. Ālokakasiṇe <a name="V1.0167"></a> pana ālokakasiṇaṃ uggaṇhanto ālokasmiṃ nimittaṃ gaṇhāti bhittichidde vā tāḷacchidde vā vātapānantarikāya vāti vacanato katādhikārassa tāva puññavato yaṃ bhittichiddādīnaṃ aññatarena sūriyāloko vā candāloko vā pavisitvā bhittiyaṃ vā bhūmiyaṃ vā maṇḍalaṃ samuṭṭhāpeti, ghanapaṇṇarukkhasākhantarena vā ghanasākhāmaṇḍapantarena vā nikkhamitvā bhūmiyameva maṇḍalaṃ samuṭṭhāpeti, taṃ disvāva nimittaṃ uppajjati. Itarenāpi tadeva vuttappakāramobhāsamaṇḍalaṃ ‘‘obhāso obhāso’’ti vā ‘‘āloko āloko’’ti vā bhāvetabbaṃ. Tathā asakkontena ghaṭe dīpaṃ jāletvā ghaṭamukhaṃ pidahitvā ghaṭe chiddaṃ katvā bhittimukhaṃ ṭhapetabbaṃ. Tena chiddena dīpāloko nikkhamitvā bhittiyaṃ maṇḍalaṃ karoti, taṃ āloko ālokoti bhāvetabbaṃ. Idamitarehi ciraṭṭhitikaṃ hoti. Idha uggahanimittaṃ bhittiyaṃ vā bhūmiyaṃ vā uṭṭhitamaṇḍalasadisameva hoti. Paṭibhāganimittaṃ ghanavippasannaālokapuñjasadisaṃ. Sesaṃ tādisamevāti. Ālokakasiṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Paricchinnākāsakasiṇakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para99"></a><span class="paranum">99</span>. Paricchinnākāsakasiṇepi ākāsakasiṇaṃ uggaṇhanto ākāsasmiṃ nimittaṃ gaṇhāti bhittichidde vā tāḷacchidde vā vātapānantarikāya vāti vacanato katādhikārassa tāva puññavato bhittichiddādīsu aññataraṃ disvāva nimittaṃ uppajjati. Itarena succhannamaṇḍape vā cammakaṭasārakādīnaṃ vā aññatarasmiṃ vidatthicaturaṅgulappamāṇaṃ chiddaṃ katvā tadeva vā bhittichiddādibhedaṃ chiddaṃ ‘‘ākāso ākāso’’ti bhāvetabbaṃ. Idha uggahanimittaṃ saddhiṃ bhittipariyantādīhi chiddasadisameva hoti, vaḍḍhiyamānampi na vaḍḍhati. Paṭibhāganimittamākāsamaṇḍalameva hutvā upaṭṭhāti, vaḍḍhiyamānañca vaḍḍhati. Sesaṃ pathavīkasiṇe vuttanayeneva veditabbanti. Paricchinnākāsakasiṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Iti <a name="M1.0170"></a> kasiṇāni dasabalo,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Dasa yāni avoca sabbadhammadaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Rūpāvacaramhi catukkapañcakajjhānahetūni.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evaṃ <a name="V1.0168"></a> tāni ca tesañca,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Bhāvanānayamimaṃ viditvāna;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Tesveva ayaṃ bhiyyo,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pakiṇṇakakathāpi viññeyyā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pakiṇṇakakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para100"></a><span class="paranum">100</span>. Imesu hi <span class="bld">pathavīkasiṇavasena</span> ekopi hutvā bahudhā hotītiādibhāvo, ākāse vā udake vā pathaviṃ nimminitvā padasā gamanaṃ, ṭhānanisajjādikappanaṃ vā, parittaappamāṇanayena abhibhāyatanapaṭilābhoti evamādīni ijjhanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Āpokasiṇavasena</span> pathaviyaṃ ummujjananimmujjanaṃ, udakavuṭṭhisamuppādanaṃ, nadīsamuddādinimmānaṃ, pathavīpabbatapāsādādīnaṃ kampananti evamādīni ijjhanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tejokasiṇavasena</span> dhūmāyanā, pajjalanā, aṅgāravuṭṭhisamuppādanaṃ, tejasā tejopariyādānaṃ, yadeva so icchati tassa ḍahanasamatthatā, dibbena cakkhunā rūpadassanatthāya ālokakaraṇaṃ, parinibbānasamaye tejodhātuyā sarīrajjhāpananti evamādīni ijjhanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vāyokasiṇavasena</span> vāyugatigamanaṃ, vātavuṭṭhisamuppādananti evamādīni ijjhanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nīlakasiṇavasena</span> nīlarūpanimmānaṃ, andhakārakaraṇaṃ, suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇanayena abhibhāyatanapaṭilābho, subhavimokkhādhigamoti evamādīni ijjhanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pītakasiṇavasena</span> pītakarūpanimmānaṃ, suvaṇṇanti adhimuccanā, vuttanayeneva abhibhāyatanapaṭilābho, subhavimokkhādhigamo cāti evamādīni ijjhanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Lohitakasiṇavasena</span> lohitakarūpanimmānaṃ, vuttanayeneva abhibhāyatanapaṭilābho, subhavimokkhādhigamoti evamādīni ijjhanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Odātakasiṇavasena</span> <a name="M1.0171"></a><a name="V1.0169"></a> odātarūpanimmānaṃ, thinamiddhassa dūrabhāvakaraṇaṃ, andhakāravidhamanaṃ, dibbena cakkhunā rūpadassanatthāya ālokakaraṇanti evamādīni ijjhanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ālokakasiṇavasena</span> sappabhārūpanimmānaṃ, thinamiddhassa dūrabhāvakaraṇaṃ, andhakāravidhamanaṃ, dibbena cakkhunā rūpadassanatthaṃ ālokakaraṇanti evamādīni ijjhanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ākāsakasiṇavasena</span> paṭicchannānaṃ vivaṭakaraṇaṃ, antopathavīpabbatādīsupi ākāsaṃ nimminitvā iriyāpathakappanaṃ, tirokuḍḍādīsu asajjamānagamananti evamādīni ijjhanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbāneva uddhaṃ adho tiriyaṃ advayaṃ appamāṇanti imaṃ pabhedaṃ labhanti. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘pathavīkasiṇameko sañjānāti. Uddhamadhotiriyaṃ advayamappamāṇa’’ntiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">uddha</span>nti uparigaganatalābhimukhaṃ. <span class="bld">Adho</span>ti heṭṭhābhūmitalābhimukhaṃ. <span class="bld">Tiriya</span>nti khettamaṇḍalamiva samantā paricchinditaṃ. Ekacco hi uddhameva kasiṇaṃ vaḍḍheti, ekacco adho, ekacco samantato. Tena tena vā kāraṇena evaṃ pasāreti. Ālokamiva dibbacakkhunā rūpadassanakāmo. Tena vuttaṃ uddhamadhotiriyanti. <span class="bld">Advaya</span>nti idaṃ pana ekassa aññabhāvānupagamanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Yathā hi udakaṃ paviṭṭhassa sabbadisāsu udakameva hoti, na aññaṃ, evameva pathavīkasiṇaṃ pathavīkasiṇameva hoti, natthi tassa añño kasiṇasambhedoti. Eseva nayo sabbattha. <span class="bld">Appamāṇa</span>nti idaṃ tassa pharaṇaappamāṇavasena vuttaṃ. Tañhi cetasā pharanto sakalameva pharati. Na ayamassa ādi idaṃ majjhanti pamāṇaṃ gaṇhātīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para101"></a><span class="paranum">101</span>. Ye ca te sattā kammāvaraṇena vā samannāgatā kilesāvaraṇena vā samannāgatā vipākāvaraṇena vā samannāgatā asaddhā acchandikā duppaññā abhabbā niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattanti vuttā, tesamekassāpekakasiṇepi bhāvanā na ijjhati. Tattha <span class="bld">kammāvaraṇena samannāgatā</span>ti ānantariyakammasamaṅgino. <span class="bld">Kilesāvaraṇena samannāgatā</span>ti niyatamicchādiṭṭhikā ceva ubhatobyañjanakapaṇḍakā ca. <span class="bld">Vipākāvaraṇena samannāgatā</span>ti ahetukadvihetukapaṭisandhikā. <span class="bld">Asaddhā</span>ti buddhādīsu saddhāvirahitā. <span class="bld">Acchandikā</span>ti apaccanīkapaṭipadāyaṃ chandavirahitā<a name="M1.0172"></a>. <span class="bld">Duppaññā</span>ti lokiyalokuttarasammādiṭṭhiyā virahitā. <span class="bld">Abhabbā</span> <a name="V1.0170"></a> <span class="bld">niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammatta</span>nti kusalesu dhammesu niyāmasaṅkhātaṃ sammattasaṅkhātañca ariyamaggaṃ okkamituṃ abhabbāti attho. Na kevalañca kasiṇeyeva, aññesupi kammaṭṭhānesu etesamekassapi bhāvanā na ijjhati. Tasmā vigatavipākāvaraṇenapi kulaputtena kammāvaraṇañca kilesāvaraṇañca ārakā parivajjetvā saddhammassavanasappurisūpanissayādīhi saddhañca chandañca paññañca vaḍḍhetvā kammaṭṭhānānuyoge yogo karaṇīyoti.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge</p>
<p class="centered">Samādhibhāvanādhikāre</p>
<p class="centered">Sesakasiṇaniddeso nāma</p>
<p class="centered">Pañcamo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="chapter">6. Asubhakammaṭṭhānaniddeso</p>
<p class="subhead">Uddhumātakādipadatthavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para102"></a><span class="paranum">102</span>. Kasiṇānantaramuddiṭṭhesu <a name="M1.0173"></a><a name="V1.0171"></a> pana uddhumātakaṃ, vinīlakaṃ, vipubbakaṃ, vicchiddakaṃ, vikkhāyitakaṃ, vikkhittakaṃ, hatavikkhittakaṃ, lohitakaṃ, puḷavakaṃ, aṭṭhikanti dasasu aviññāṇakāsubhesu bhastā viya vāyunā uddhaṃ jīvitapariyādānā yathānukkamaṃ samuggatena sūnabhāvena uddhumātattā uddhumātaṃ, uddhumātameva <span class="bld">uddhumātakaṃ</span>. Paṭikkūlattā vā kucchitaṃ uddhumātanti <span class="bld">uddhumātakaṃ</span>. Tathārūpassa chavasarīrassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vinīlaṃ vuccati viparibhinnanīlavaṇṇaṃ, vinīlameva <span class="bld">vinīlakaṃ</span>. Paṭikkūlattā vā kucchitaṃ vinīlanti vinīlakaṃ. Maṃsussadaṭṭhānesu rattavaṇṇassa pubbasannicayaṭṭhānesu setavaṇṇassa yebhuyyena ca nīlavaṇṇassa nīlaṭṭhāne nīlasāṭakapārutasseva chavasarīrassetamadhivacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paribhinnaṭṭhānesu vissandamānaṃ pubbaṃ vipubbaṃ, vipubbameva <span class="bld">vipubbakaṃ</span>. Paṭikkūlattā vā kucchitaṃ vipubbanti vipubbakaṃ. Tathārūpassa chavasarīrassetamadhivacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vicchiddaṃ vuccati dvidhā chindanena apadhāritaṃ, vicchiddameva <span class="bld">vicchiddakaṃ</span>. Paṭikkūlattā vā kucchitaṃ vicchiddanti vicchiddakaṃ. Vemajjhe chinnassa chavasarīrassetamadhivacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ito ca etto ca vividhākārena soṇasiṅgālādīhi khāditanti vikkhāyitaṃ, vikkhāyitameva <span class="bld">vikkhāyitakaṃ</span>. Paṭikkūlattā vā kucchitaṃ vikkhāyitanti vikkhāyitakaṃ. Tathārūpassa chavasarīrassetamadhivacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vividhaṃ <a name="V1.0172"></a> khittaṃ vikkhittaṃ, vikkhittameva <span class="bld">vikkhittakaṃ</span>. Paṭikkūlattā vā kucchitaṃ vikkhittanti vikkhittakaṃ. Aññena hatthaṃ aññena pādaṃ aññena sīsanti evaṃ tato tato khittassa chavasarīrassetamadhivacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Hatañca taṃ purimanayeneva vikkhittakañcāti <span class="bld">hatavikkhittakaṃ</span>. Kākapadākārena aṅgapaccaṅgesu satthena hanitvā vuttanayena vikkhittassa chavasarīrassetamadhivacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Lohitaṃ <a name="M1.0174"></a> kirati vikkhipati ito cito ca paggharatīti <span class="bld">lohitakaṃ</span>. Paggharitalohitamakkhitassa chavasarīrassetamadhivacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Puḷavā vuccanti kimayo, puḷave kiratīti <span class="bld">puḷavakaṃ</span>. Kimiparipuṇṇassa chavasarīrassetamadhivacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aṭṭhiyeva <span class="bld">aṭṭhikaṃ</span>. Paṭikkūlattā vā kucchitaṃ aṭṭhīti aṭṭhikaṃ. Aṭṭhisaṅkhalikāyapi ekaṭṭhikassapetamadhivacanaṃ. Imāni ca pana uddhumātakādīni nissāya uppannanimittānampi nimittesu paṭiladdhajjhānānampetāneva nāmāni.</p>
<p class="subhead">Uddhumātakakammaṭṭhānaṃ</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para103"></a><span class="paranum">103</span>. Tattha uddhumātakasarīre uddhumātakanimittaṃ uppādetvā uddhumātakasaṅkhātaṃ jhānaṃ bhāvetukāmena yoginā pathavīkasiṇe vuttanayeneva vuttappakāraṃ ācariyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ uggahetabbaṃ. Tenassa kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathentena asubhanimittatthāya gamanavidhānaṃ, samantā nimittupalakkhaṇaṃ, ekādasavidhena nimittaggāho, gatāgatamaggapaccavekkhaṇanti evaṃ appanāvidhānapariyosānaṃ sabbaṃ kathetabbaṃ. Tenāpi sabbaṃ sādhukaṃ uggahetvā pubbe vuttappakāraṃ senāsanaṃ upagantvā uddhumātakanimittaṃ pariyesantena vihātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para104"></a><span class="paranum">104</span>. Evaṃ viharantena ca asukasmiṃ nāma gāmadvāre vā aṭavimukhe vā panthe vā pabbatapāde vā rukkhamūle vā susāne vā uddhumātakasarīraṃ nikkhittanti kathentānaṃ vacanaṃ sutvāpi <a name="V1.0173"></a> na tāvadeva atitthena pakkhandantena viya gantabbaṃ. Kasmā? Asubhaṃ hi nāmetaṃ vāḷamigādhiṭṭhitampi amanussādhiṭṭhitampi hoti. Tatrassa jīvitantarāyopi siyā. Gamanamaggo vā panettha gāmadvārena vā nahānatitthena vā kedārakoṭiyā vā hoti. Tattha visabhāgarūpaṃ āpāthamāgacchati, tadeva vā sarīraṃ visabhāgaṃ hoti. Purisassa hi itthisarīraṃ itthiyā ca purisasarīraṃ visabhāgaṃ, tadetaṃ adhunāmataṃ subhatopi upaṭṭhāti, tenassa brahmacariyantarāyopi siyā. Sace pana ‘‘nayidaṃ mādisassa bhāriya’’nti attānaṃ takkayati, evaṃ takkayamānena gantabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para105"></a><span class="paranum">105</span>. Gacchantena <a name="M1.0175"></a> ca saṅghattherassa vā aññatarassa vā abhiññātassa bhikkhuno kathetvā gantabbaṃ. Kasmā? Sace hissa susāne amanussasīhabyagghādīnaṃ rūpasaddādianiṭṭhārammaṇābhibhūtassa aṅgapaccaṅgāni vā pavedhenti, bhuttaṃ vā na parisaṇṭhāti, añño vā ābādho hoti. Athassa so vihāre pattacīvaraṃ surakkhitaṃ karissati. Dahare vā sāmaṇere vā pahiṇitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ paṭijaggissati. Apica susānaṃ nāma nirāsaṅkaṭṭhānanti maññamānā katakammāpi akatakammāpi corā samosaranti. Te manussehi anubaddhā bhikkhussa samīpe bhaṇḍakaṃ chaḍḍetvāpi palāyanti. Manussā ‘‘sahoḍḍhaṃ coraṃ addasāmā’’ti bhikkhuṃ gahetvā viheṭhenti. Athassa so ‘‘mā imaṃ viheṭhayittha, mamāyaṃ kathetvā iminā nāma kammena gato’’ti te manusse saññāpetvā sotthibhāvaṃ karissati. Ayaṃ ānisaṃso kathetvā gamane. Tasmā vuttappakārassa bhikkhuno kathetvā asubhanimittadassane sañjātābhilāsena yathānāma khattiyo abhisekaṭṭhānaṃ, yajamāno yaññasālaṃ, adhano vā pana nidhiṭṭhānaṃ pītisomanassajāto gacchati, evaṃ pītisomanassaṃ uppādetvā aṭṭhakathāsu vuttena vidhinā gantabbaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Uddhumātakaṃ asubhanimittaṃ uggaṇhanto eko adutiyo gacchati upaṭṭhitāya satiyā asammuṭṭhāya antogatehi indriyehi abahigatena mānasena gatāgatamaggaṃ paccavekkhamāno. Yasmiṃ padese uddhumātakaṃ asubhanimittaṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti, tasmiṃ padese pāsāṇaṃ vā vammikaṃ vā rukkhaṃ vā gacchaṃ vā lataṃ vā sanimittaṃ karoti, sārammaṇaṃ karoti. Sanimittaṃ katvā sārammaṇaṃ katvā uddhumātakaṃ asubhanimittaṃ sabhāvabhāvato upalakkheti, vaṇṇatopi liṅgatopi saṇṭhānatopi disatopi okāsatopi paricchedatopi sandhito vivarato ninnato thalato samantato. So taṃ nimittaṃ suggahitaṃ karoti<a name="V1.0174"></a>, sūpadhāritaṃ upadhāreti, suvavatthitaṃ vavatthapeti. So taṃ nimittaṃ suggahitaṃ katvā sūpadhāritaṃ upadhāretvā suvavatthitaṃ vavatthapetvā eko adutiyo gacchati upaṭṭhitāya satiyā <a name="M1.0176"></a> asammuṭṭhāya antogatehi indriyehi abahigatena mānasena gatāgatamaggaṃ paccavekkhamāno. So caṅkamantopi tabbhāgiyaññeva caṅkamaṃ adhiṭṭhāti. Nisīdantopi tabbhāgiyaññeva āsanaṃ paññapeti.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Samantā nimittupalakkhaṇā kimatthiyā kimānisaṃsāti? Samantā nimittupalakkhaṇā asammohatthā asammohānisaṃsā. Ekādasavidhena nimittaggāho kimatthiyo kimānisaṃsoti? Ekādasavidhena nimittaggāho upanibandhanattho upanibandhanānisaṃso. Gatāgatamaggapaccavekkhaṇā kimatthiyā kimānisaṃsāti? Gatāgatamaggapaccavekkhaṇā vīthisampaṭipādanatthā vīthisampaṭipādanānisaṃsā.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘So ānisaṃsadassāvī ratanasaññī hutvā cittīkāraṃ upaṭṭhapetvā sampiyāyamāno tasmiṃ ārammaṇe cittaṃ upanibandhati ‘addhā imāya paṭipadāya jarāmaraṇamhā parimuccissāmī’ti. So vivicceva kāmehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Tassādhigataṃ hoti rūpāvacaraṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ dibbo ca vihāro bhāvanāmayañca puññakiriyavatthu’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para106"></a><span class="paranum">106</span>. Tasmā yo cittasaññattatthāya sivathikadassanaṃ gacchati, so ghaṇḍiṃ paharitvā gaṇaṃ sannipātetvāpi gacchatu. Kammaṭṭhānasīsena pana gacchantena ekakena adutiyena mūlakammaṭṭhānaṃ avissajjetvā taṃ manasikaronteneva susāne soṇādiparissayavinodanatthaṃ kattaradaṇḍaṃ vā yaṭṭhiṃ vā gahetvā, sūpaṭṭhita bhāvasampādanena asammuṭṭhaṃ satiṃ katvā, manacchaṭṭhānañca indriyānaṃ antogatabhāvasampādanato abahigatamanena hutvā gantabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vihārato nikkhamanteneva asukadisāya asukadvārena nikkhantomhīti dvāraṃ sallakkhetabbaṃ. Tato yena maggena gacchati, so maggo vavatthapetabbo, ayaṃ maggo pācinadisābhimukho vā gacchati, pacchimauttaradakkhiṇadisābhimukho vā vidisābhimukhovāti. Imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne vāmato gacchati, imasmiṃ ṭhāne dakkhiṇato, imasmiṃ cassa ṭhāne pāsāṇo<a name="M1.0177"></a><a name="V1.0175"></a>, imasmiṃ vammiko, imasmiṃ rukkho, imasmiṃ gaccho, imasmiṃ latāti. Evaṃ gamanamaggaṃ vavatthapentena nimittaṭṭhānaṃ gantabbaṃ. No ca kho paṭivātaṃ. Paṭivātaṃ gacchantassa hi kuṇapagandho ghānaṃ paharitvā matthaluṅgaṃ vā saṅkhobheyya, āhāraṃ vā chaḍḍāpeyya, vippaṭisāraṃ vā janeyya ‘‘īdisaṃ nāma kuṇapaṭṭhānaṃ āgatomhī’’ti. Tasmā paṭivātaṃ vajjetvā anuvātaṃ gantabbaṃ. Sace anuvātamaggena na sakkā hoti gantuṃ, antarā pabbato vā papāto vā pāsāṇo vā vati vā kaṇṭakaṭṭhānaṃ vā udakaṃ vā cikkhallaṃ vā hoti, cīvarakaṇṇena nāsaṃ pidahitvā gantabbaṃ. Idamassa gamanavattaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para107"></a><span class="paranum">107</span>. Evaṃ gatena pana na tāva asubhanimittaṃ oloketabbaṃ. Disā vavatthapetabbā. Ekasmiṃ hi disābhāge ṭhitassa ārammaṇañca na vibhūtaṃ hutvā khāyati, cittañca na kammaniyaṃ hoti. Tasmā taṃ vajjetvā yattha ṭhitassa ārammaṇañca vibhūtaṃ hutvā khāyati, cittañca kammaniyaṃ hoti, tattha ṭhātabbaṃ. Paṭivātānuvātañca pahātabbaṃ. Paṭivāte ṭhitassa hi kuṇapagandhena ubbāḷhassa cittaṃ vidhāvati. Anuvāte ṭhitassa sace tattha adhivatthā amanussā honti, te kujjhitvā anatthaṃ karonti. Tasmā īsakaṃ ukkamma nātianuvāte ṭhātabbaṃ. Evaṃ tiṭṭhamānenāpi nātidūre nāccāsanne nānupādaṃ nānusīsaṃ ṭhātabbaṃ. Atidūre ṭhitassa hi ārammaṇaṃ avibhūtaṃ hoti. Accāsanne bhayamuppajjati. Anupādaṃ vā anusīsaṃ vā ṭhitassa sabbaṃ asubhaṃ samaṃ na paññāyati. Tasmā nātidūre nāccāsanne olokentassa phāsukaṭṭhāne sarīravemajjhabhāge ṭhātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para108"></a><span class="paranum">108</span>. Evaṃ ṭhitena ‘‘tasmiṃ padese pāsāṇaṃ vā…pe… lataṃ vā sanimittaṃ karotī’’ti evaṃ vuttāni samantā nimittāni upalakkhetabbāni. Tatridaṃ upalakkhaṇavidhānaṃ, sace tassa nimittassa samantā cakkhupathe pāsāṇo hoti, so ‘‘ayaṃ pāsāṇo ucco vā nīco vā khuddako vā mahanto vā tambo vā kāḷo vā seto vā dīgho vā parimaṇḍalo vā’’ti vavatthapetabbo. Tato ‘‘imasmiṃ nāma okāse ayaṃ pāsāṇo idaṃ asubhanimittaṃ, idaṃ asubhanimittaṃ ayaṃ pāsāṇo’’ti sallakkhetabbaṃ. Sace vammiko hoti, sopi ‘‘ucco vā nīco vā khuddako <a name="M1.0178"></a> vā mahanto vā tambo vā kāḷo vā seto vā dīgho vā parimaṇḍalo vā’’ti vavatthapetabbo. Tato ‘‘imasmiṃ nāma okāse ayaṃ vammiko idaṃ asubhanimitta’’nti sallakkhetabbaṃ. Sace rukkho hoti, sopi ‘‘assattho vā nigrodho vā kacchako vā kapītano vā ucco vā nīco vā khuddako <a name="V1.0176"></a> vā mahanto vā tambo vā kāḷo vā seto vā’’ti vavatthapetabbo. Tato ‘‘imasmiṃ nāma okāse ayaṃ rukkho idaṃ asubhanimitta’’nti sallakkhetabbaṃ. Sace gaccho hoti, sopi ‘‘sindivā karamando vā kaṇavīro vā kuraṇḍako vā ucco vā nīco vā khuddako vā mahanto vā’’ti vavatthapetabbo. Tato ‘‘imasmiṃ nāma okāse ayaṃ gaccho idaṃ asubhanimitta’’nti sallakkhetabbaṃ. Sace latā hoti, sāpi ‘‘lābu vā kumbhaṇḍī vā sāmā vā kāḷavalli vā pūtilatā vā’’ti vavatthapetabbā. Tato ‘‘imasmiṃ nāma okāse ayaṃ latā idaṃ asubhanimittaṃ, idaṃ asubhanimittaṃ ayaṃ latā’’ti sallakkhetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para109"></a><span class="paranum">109</span>. Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ sanimittaṃ karoti sārammaṇaṃ karotīti, taṃ idheva antogadhaṃ. Punappunaṃ vavatthapento hi sanimittaṃ karoti nāma. Ayaṃ pāsāṇo idaṃ asubhanimittaṃ, idaṃ asubhanimittaṃ ayaṃ pāsāṇoti evaṃ dve dve samāsetvā samāsetvā vavatthapento sārammaṇaṃ karoti nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ sanimittaṃ sārammaṇañca katvā pana sabhāvabhāvato vavatthapetīti vuttattā yvāssa sabhāvabhāvo anaññasādhāraṇo attaniyo uddhumātakabhāvo, tena manasikātabbaṃ. Vaṇitaṃ uddhumātakanti evaṃ sabhāvena sarasena vavatthapetabbanti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para110"></a><span class="paranum">110</span>. Evaṃ vavatthapetvā vaṇṇatopi liṅgatopi saṇṭhānatopi disatopi okāsatopi paricchedatopīti chabbidhena nimittaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Kathaṃ? Tena hi yoginā idaṃ sarīraṃ kāḷassa vā odātassa vā maṅguracchavino vāti <span class="bld">vaṇṇato</span> vavatthapetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Liṅgato</span> pana itthiliṅgaṃ vā purisaliṅgaṃ vāti avavatthapetvā paṭhamavaye vā majjhimavaye vā pacchimavaye vā ṭhitassa idaṃ sarīranti vavatthapetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Saṇṭhānato</span> uddhumātakassa <a name="M1.0179"></a> saṇṭhānavaseneva idamassa sīsasaṇṭhānaṃ, idaṃ gīvāsaṇṭhānaṃ, idaṃ hatthasaṇṭhānaṃ, idaṃ udarasaṇṭhānaṃ, idaṃ nābhisaṇṭhānaṃ, idaṃ kaṭisaṇṭhānaṃ, idaṃ ūrusaṇṭhānaṃ, idaṃ jaṅghāsaṇṭhānaṃ, idaṃ pādasaṇṭhānanti vavatthapetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Disato</span> pana imasmiṃ sarīre dve disā nābhiyā adho heṭṭhimadisā uddhaṃ uparimadisāti vavatthapetabbaṃ. Atha vā ahaṃ imissā disāya ṭhito asubhanimittaṃ imissāti vavatthapetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Okāsato</span> pana imasmiṃ nāma okāse hatthā, imasmiṃ pādā, imasmiṃ sīsaṃ, imasmiṃ majjhimakāyo ṭhitoti vavatthapetabbaṃ. Atha vā ahaṃ imasmiṃ okāse ṭhito asubhanimittaṃ imasminti vavatthapetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Paricchedato</span> idaṃ <a name="V1.0177"></a> sarīraṃ adho pādatalena upari kesamatthakena tiriyaṃ tacena paricchinnaṃ, yathāparicchinne ca ṭhāne dvattiṃsakuṇapabharitamevāti vavatthapetabbaṃ. Atha vā ayamassa hatthaparicchedo, ayaṃ pādaparicchedo, ayaṃ sīsaparicchedo, ayaṃ majjhimakāyaparicchedoti vavatthapetabbaṃ. Yattakaṃ vā pana ṭhānaṃ gaṇhati, tattakameva idaṃ īdisaṃ uddhumātakanti paricchinditabbaṃ. Purisassa pana itthisarīraṃ itthiyā vā purisasarīraṃ na vaṭṭati. Visabhāge sarīre ārammaṇaṃ na upaṭṭhāti, vipphandanasseva paccayo hoti. ‘‘Ugghāṭitāpi hi itthī purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’’ti (a. ni. 5.55) majjhimaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ. Tasmā sabhāgasarīreyeva evaṃ chabbidhena nimittaṃ gaṇhitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para111"></a><span class="paranum">111</span>. Yo pana purimabuddhānaṃ santike āsevitakammaṭṭhāno parihatadhutaṅgo parimadditamahābhūto pariggahitasaṅkhāro vavatthāpitanāmarūpo ugghāṭitasattasañño katasamaṇadhammo vāsitavāsano bhāvitabhāvano sabījo ñāṇuttaro appakileso kulaputto, tassa olokitolokitaṭṭhāneyeva paṭibhāganimittaṃ upaṭṭhāti. No ce evaṃ upaṭṭhāti, athevaṃ chabbidhena nimittaṃ gaṇhato upaṭṭhāti. Yassa pana evampi na upaṭṭhāti, tena sandhito vivarato ninnato thalato samantatoti punapi pañcavidhena nimittaṃ gahetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para112"></a><span class="paranum">112</span>. Tattha <span class="bld">sandhito</span>ti asītisatasandhito. Uddhumātake pana kathaṃ asītisatasandhayo vavatthapessati. Tasmānena tayo dakkhiṇahatthasandhī, tayo vāmahatthasandhī, tayo dakkhiṇapādasandhī, tayo vāmapādasandhī<a name="M1.0180"></a>, eko gīvasandhi, eko kaṭisandhīti evaṃ cuddasamahāsandhivasena sandhito vavatthapetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Vivarato</span>ti vivaraṃ nāma hatthantaraṃ pādantaraṃ udarantaraṃ kaṇṇantaranti evaṃ vivarato vavatthapetabbaṃ. Akkhīnampi nimmīlitabhāvo vā ummīlitabhāvo vā mukhassa ca pihitabhāvo vā vivaṭabhāvo vā vavatthapetabbo. <span class="bld">Ninnato</span>ti yaṃ sarīre ninnaṭṭhānaṃ akkhikūpo vā antomukhaṃ vā galavāṭako vā, taṃ vavatthapetabbaṃ. Atha vā ahaṃ ninne ṭhito sarīraṃ unnateti vavatthapetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Thalato</span>ti yaṃ sarīre unnataṭṭhānaṃ jaṇṇukaṃ vā uro vā nalāṭaṃ vā, taṃ vavatthapetabbaṃ. Atha vā ahaṃ thale ṭhito sarīraṃ ninneti vavatthapetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Samantato</span>ti sabbaṃ sarīraṃ samantato vavatthapetabbaṃ. Sakalasarīre ñāṇaṃ cāretvā yaṃ ṭhānaṃ vibhūtaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti, tattha ‘‘uddhumātakaṃ uddhumātaka’’nti cittaṃ ṭhapetabbaṃ. Sace evampi na upaṭṭhāti, udarapariyosānaṃ atirekaṃ uddhumātakaṃ hoti, tattha ‘‘uddhumātakaṃ uddhumātaka’’nti cittaṃ ṭhapetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para113"></a><span class="paranum">113</span>. Idāni <a name="V1.0178"></a> ‘‘so taṃ nimittaṃ suggahitaṃ karotī’’tiādīsu ayaṃ <span class="bld">vinicchayakathā</span> –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tena yoginā tasmiṃ sarīre yathāvuttanimittaggāhavasena suṭṭhu nimittaṃ gaṇhitabbaṃ. Satiṃ sūpaṭṭhitaṃ katvā āvajjitabbaṃ. Evaṃ punappunaṃ karontena sādhukaṃ upadhāretabbañceva vavatthapetabbañca. Sarīrato nātidūre nāccāsanne padese ṭhitena vā nisinnena vā cakkhuṃ ummīletvā oloketvā nimittaṃ gaṇhitabbaṃ. ‘‘Uddhumātakapaṭikkūlaṃ uddhumātakapaṭikkūla’’nti satakkhattuṃ sahassakkhattuṃ ummīletvā oloketabbaṃ, nimmīletvā āvajjitabbaṃ. Evaṃ punappunaṃ karontassa uggahanimittaṃ suggahitaṃ hoti. Kadā suggahitaṃ hoti? Yadā ummīletvā olokentassa nimmīletvā āvajjentassa ca ekasadisaṃ hutvā āpāthamāgacchati, tadā suggahitaṃ nāma hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So taṃ nimittaṃ evaṃ suggahitaṃ katvā sūpadhāritaṃ upadhāretvā suvavatthitaṃ vavatthapetvā sace tattheva bhāvanāpariyosānaṃ pattuṃ na sakkoti, athānena āgamanakāle vuttanayeneva ekakena adutiyena tadeva kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasikarontena sūpaṭṭhitaṃ satiṃ katvā antogatehi <a name="M1.0181"></a> indriyehi abahigatena mānasena attano senāsanameva gantabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Susānā nikkhamanteneva ca āgamanamaggo vavatthapetabbo, yena maggena nikkhantosmi, ayaṃ maggo pācīnadisābhimukho vā gacchati, pacchimauttaradakkhiṇadisābhimukho vā gacchati, vidisābhimukho vā gacchati. Imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne vāmato gacchati, imasmiṃ dakkhiṇato, imasmiṃ cassa ṭhāne pāsāṇo, imasmiṃ vammiko, imasmiṃ rukkho, imasmiṃ gaccho, imasmiṃ latāti evaṃ āgamanamaggaṃ vavatthapetvā āgatena caṅkamantenāpi tabbhāgiyova caṅkamo adhiṭṭhātabbo, asubhanimittadisābhimukhe bhūmippadese caṅkamitabbanti attho. Nisīdantena āsanampi tabbhāgiyameva paññapetabbaṃ. Sace pana tassaṃ disāyaṃ sobbho vā papāto vā rukkho vā vati vā kalalaṃ vā hoti, na sakkā taṃdisābhimukhe bhūmippadese caṅkamituṃ, āsanampi anokāsattā na sakkā paññapetuṃ. Taṃ disaṃ anapalokentenāpi okāsānurūpe ṭhāne caṅkamitabbañceva nisīditabbañca. Cittaṃ pana taṃdisābhimukhaṃyeva kātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para114"></a><span class="paranum">114</span>. Idāni ‘‘samantā nimittupalakkhaṇā kimatthiyā’’tiādipañhānaṃ ‘‘asammohatthā’’tiādivissajjane <a name="V1.0179"></a> ayaṃ adhippāyo. Yassa hi avelāyaṃ uddhumātakanimittaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā samantā nimittupalakkhaṇaṃ katvā nimittaggahaṇatthaṃ cakkhuṃ ummīletvā olokentasseva taṃ matasarīraṃ uṭṭhahitvā ṭhitaṃ viya ajjhottharamānaṃ viya anubandhamānaṃ viya ca hutvā upaṭṭhāti, so taṃ bībhacchaṃ bheravārammaṇaṃ disvā vikkhittacitto ummattako viya hoti, bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ pāpuṇāti. Pāḷiyaṃ hi vibhattaaṭṭhatiṃsārammaṇesu aññaṃ evarūpaṃ bheravārammaṇaṃ nāma natthi. Imasmiṃ hi kammaṭṭhāne jhānavibbhantako nāma hoti. Kasmā? Atibheravattā kammaṭṭhānassa. Tasmā tena yoginā santhambhetvā satiṃ sūpaṭṭhitaṃ katvā matasarīraṃ uṭṭhahitvā anubandhanakaṃ nāma natthi. Sace hi so ‘‘etassa samīpe ṭhito pāsāṇo vā latā vā āgaccheyya, sarīrampi āgaccheyya. Yathā pana so pāsāṇo vā latā vā nāgacchati, evaṃ sarīrampi nāgacchati. Ayaṃ pana tuyhaṃ upaṭṭhānākāro saññajo saññāsambhavo, kammaṭṭhānaṃ <a name="M1.0182"></a> te ajja upaṭṭhitaṃ, mā bhāyi bhikkhū’’ti tāsaṃ vinodetvā hāsaṃ uppādetvā tasmiṃ nimitte cittaṃ sañcarāpetabbaṃ. Evaṃ visesamadhigacchati. Idametaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘samantā nimittupalakkhaṇā asammohatthā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekādasavidhena pana nimittaggāhaṃ sampādento kammaṭṭhānaṃ upanibandhati. Tassa hi cakkhūni ummīletvā olokanapaccayā uggahanimittaṃ uppajjati. Tasmiṃ mānasaṃ cārentassa paṭibhāganimittaṃ uppajjati. Tattha mānasaṃ cārento appanaṃ pāpuṇāti. Appanāyaṃ ṭhatvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhento arahattaṃ sacchikaroti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ekādasavidhena nimittaggāho upanibandhanattho’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para115"></a><span class="paranum">115</span>. <span class="bld">Gatāgatamaggapaccavekkhaṇā vīthisampaṭipādanatthā</span>ti ettha pana yā gatamaggassa ca āgatamaggassa ca paccavekkhaṇā vuttā, sā kammaṭṭhānavīthiyā sampaṭipādanatthāti attho. Sace hi imaṃ bhikkhuṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā āgacchantaṃ antarāmagge keci ajja, bhante, katimīti divasaṃ vā pucchanti, pañhaṃ vā pucchanti, paṭisanthāraṃ vā karonti, ahaṃ kammaṭṭhānikoti tuṇhībhūtena gantuṃ na vaṭṭati. Divaso kathetabbo, pañho vissajjetabbo. Sace na jānāti, na jānāmīti vattabbaṃ. Dhammiko paṭisanthāro kātabbo. Tassevaṃ karontassa uggahitaṃ taruṇanimittaṃ nassati. Tasmiṃ nassantepi divasaṃ puṭṭhena kathetabbameva. Pañhaṃ ajānantena na jānāmīti vattabbaṃ. Jānantena ekadesena kathetumpi vaṭṭati, paṭisanthāropi kātabbo. Āgantukaṃ <a name="V1.0180"></a> pana bhikkhuṃ disvā āgantukapaṭisanthāro kātabbova. Avasesānipi cetiyaṅgaṇavattabodhiyaṅgaṇavattauposathāgāravattabhojanasālājantāgharaācariyupajjhāyaāgantukagamikavattādīni sabbāni khandhakavattāni pūretabbāneva. Tassa tāni pūrentassāpi taṃ taruṇanimittaṃ nassati, puna gantvā nimittaṃ gaṇhissāmīti gantukāmassāpi amanussehi vā vāḷamigehi vā adhiṭṭhitattā susānampi gantuṃ na sakkā hoti, nimittaṃ vā antaradhāyati. Uddhumātakaṃ hi ekameva vā dve vā divase ṭhatvā vinīlakādibhāvaṃ gacchati. Sabbakammaṭṭhānesu etena samaṃ dullabhaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ nāma natthi. Tasmā evaṃ naṭṭhe nimitte tena bhikkhunā rattiṭṭhāne vā divāṭhāne vā nisīditvā ahaṃ iminā nāma dvārena vihārā nikkhamitvā asukadisābhimukhaṃ maggaṃ paṭipajjitvā asukasmiṃ <a name="M1.0183"></a> nāma ṭhāne vāmaṃ gaṇhi, asukasmiṃ dakkhiṇaṃ. Tassa asukasmiṃ ṭhāne pāsāṇo, asukasmiṃ vammikarukkhagacchalatānamaññataraṃ. Sohaṃ tena maggena gantvā asukasmiṃ nāma ṭhāne asubhaṃ addasaṃ. Tattha asukadisābhimukho ṭhatvā evañcevañca samantā nimittāni sallakkhetvā evaṃ asubhanimittaṃ uggahetvā asukadisāya susānato nikkhamitvā evarūpena nāma maggena idañcidañca karonto āgantvā idha nisinnoti evaṃ yāva pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā nisinnaṭṭhānaṃ, tāva gatāgatamaggo paccavekkhitabbo. Tassevaṃ paccavekkhato taṃ nimittaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, purato nikkhittaṃ viya upaṭṭhāti. Kammaṭṭhānaṃ purimākāreneva vīthiṃ paṭipajjati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘gatāgatamaggapaccavekkhaṇā vīthisampaṭipādanatthā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para116"></a><span class="paranum">116</span>. Idāni <span class="bld">ānisaṃsadassāvī ratanasaññī hutvā cittīkāraṃ upaṭṭhapetvā sampiyāyamāno tasmiṃ ārammaṇe cittaṃ upanibandhatī</span>ti ettha uddhumātakapaṭikkūle mānasaṃ cāretvā jhānaṃ nibbattetvā jhānapadaṭṭhānaṃ vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhento ‘‘addhā imāya paṭipadāya jarāmaraṇamhā parimuccissāmī’’ti evaṃ ānisaṃsadassāvinā bhavitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā pana duggato puriso mahagghaṃ maṇiratanaṃ labhitvā dullabhaṃ vata me laddhanti tasmiṃ ratanasaññī hutvā gāravaṃ janetvā vipulena pemena sampiyāyamāno taṃ rakkheyya, evameva ‘‘dullabhaṃ me idaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ laddhaṃ duggatassa mahagghamaṇiratanasadisaṃ. Catudhātukammaṭṭhāniko hi attano cattāro mahābhūte pariggaṇhāti, ānāpānakammaṭṭhāniko attano nāsikavātaṃ pariggaṇhāti, kasiṇakammaṭṭhāniko kasiṇaṃ katvā yathāsukhaṃ bhāveti, evaṃ itarāni kammaṭṭhānāni <a name="V1.0181"></a> sulabhāni. ‘Idaṃ pana ekameva vā dve vā divase tiṭṭhati, tato paraṃ vinīlakādibhāvaṃ pāpuṇātī’ti natthi ito dullabhatara’’nti tasmiṃ ratanasaññinā hutvā cittīkāraṃ upaṭṭhapetvā sampiyāyamānena taṃ nimittaṃ rakkhitabbaṃ. Rattiṭṭhāne ca divāṭhāne ca ‘‘uddhumātakapaṭikkūlaṃ uddhumātakapaṭikkūla’’nti tattha punappunaṃ cittaṃ upanibandhitabbaṃ. Punappunaṃ taṃ nimittaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ, manasikātabbaṃ. Takkāhataṃ vitakkāhataṃ kātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para117"></a><span class="paranum">117</span>. Tassevaṃ karoto paṭibhāganimittaṃ uppajjati. Tatridaṃ nimittadvayassa nānākaraṇaṃ, uggahanimittaṃ virūpaṃ bībhacchaṃ bheravadassanaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti<a name="M1.0184"></a>. Paṭibhāganimittaṃ pana yāvadatthaṃ bhuñjitvā nipanno thūlaṅgapaccaṅgapuriso viya. Tassa paṭibhāganimittapaṭilābhasamakālameva bahiddhā kāmānaṃ amanasikārā vikkhambhanavasena kāmacchando pahīyati. Anunayappahāneneva cassa lohitappahānena pubbo viya byāpādopi pahīyati. Tathā āraddhavīriyatāya thinamiddhaṃ, avippaṭisārakarasantadhammānuyogavasena uddhaccakukkuccaṃ, adhigatavisesassa paccakkhatāya paṭipattidesake satthari paṭipattiyaṃ paṭipattiphale ca vicikicchā pahīyatīti pañca nīvaraṇāni pahīyanti. Tasmiññeva ca nimitte cetaso abhiniropanalakkhaṇo vitakko, nimittānumajjanakiccaṃ sādhayamāno vicāro, paṭiladdhavisesādhigamapaccayā pīti, pītimanassa passaddhisambhavato passaddhi, tannimittaṃ sukhaṃ, sukhitassa cittasamādhisambhavato sukhanimittā ekaggatā cāti jhānaṅgāni pātubhavanti. Evamassa paṭhamajjhānapaṭibimbabhūtaṃ upacārajjhānampi taṅkhaṇaññeva nibbattati. Ito paraṃ yāva paṭhamajjhānassa appanā ceva vasippatti ca, tāva sabbaṃ pathavīkasiṇe vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Vinīlakādikammaṭṭhānāni</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para118"></a><span class="paranum">118</span>. Ito paresu pana vinīlakādīsupi yaṃ taṃ ‘‘uddhumātakaṃ asubhanimittaṃ uggaṇhanto eko adutiyo gacchati upaṭṭhitāya satiyā’’tiādinā nayena gamanaṃ ādiṃ katvā lakkhaṇaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ ‘‘vinīlakaṃ asubhanimittaṃ uggaṇhanto, vipubbakaṃ asubhanimittaṃ uggaṇhanto’’ti evaṃ tassa tassa vasena tattha tattha uddhumātakapadamattaṃ parivattetvā vuttanayeneva savinicchayādhippāyaṃ veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ <a name="V1.0182"></a> pana viseso – <span class="bld">vinīlake</span> ‘‘vinīlakapaṭikkūlaṃ vinīlakapaṭikkūla’’nti manasikāro pavattetabbo. Uggahanimittañcettha kabarakabaravaṇṇaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti. Paṭibhāganimittaṃ pana ussadavasena upaṭṭhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vipubbake</span> ‘‘vipubbakapaṭikkūlaṃ vipubbakapaṭikkūla’’nti manasikāro pavattetabbo. Uggahanimittaṃ panettha paggharantamiva upaṭṭhāti. Paṭibhāganimittaṃ niccalaṃ sannisinnaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vicchiddakaṃ</span> yuddhamaṇḍale vā corāṭaviyaṃ vā susāne vā yattha rājāno <a name="M1.0185"></a> core chindāpenti. Araññe vā pana sīhabyagghehi chinnapurisaṭṭhāne labbhati. Tasmā tathārūpaṃ ṭhānaṃ gantvā sace nānādisāyaṃ patitampi ekāvajjanena āpāthamāgacchati iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce āgacchati, sayaṃ hatthena na parāmasitabbaṃ. Parāmasanto hi vissāsaṃ āpajjati. Tasmā ārāmikena vā samaṇuddesena vā aññena vā kenaci ekaṭṭhāne kāretabbaṃ. Alabhantena kattarayaṭṭhiyā vā daṇḍakena vā ekaṅgulantaraṃ katvā upanāmetabbaṃ. Evaṃ upanāmetvā ‘‘vicchiddakapaṭikkūlaṃ vicchiddakapaṭikkūla’’nti manasikāro pavattetabbo. Tattha uggahanimittaṃ majjhe chiddaṃ viya upaṭṭhāti. Paṭibhāganimittaṃ pana paripuṇṇaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vikkhāyitake</span> vikkhāyitakapaṭikkūlaṃ vikkhāyitakapaṭikkūlanti manasikāro pavattetabbo. Uggahanimittaṃ panettha tahiṃ tahiṃ khāyitasadisameva upaṭṭhāti. Paṭibhāganimittaṃ paripuṇṇaṃva hutvā upaṭṭhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vikkhittaka</span>mpi vicchiddake vuttanayeneva aṅgulaṅgulantaraṃ kāretvā vā katvā vā ‘‘vikkhittakapaṭikkūlaṃ vikkhittakapaṭikkūla’’nti manasikāro pavattetabbo. Ettha uggahanimittaṃ pākaṭantaraṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti. Paṭibhāganimittaṃ pana paripuṇṇaṃva hutvā upaṭṭhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Hatavikkhittaka</span>mpi vicchiddake vuttappakāresuyeva ṭhānesu labbhati. Tasmā tattha gantvā vuttanayeneva aṅgulaṅgulantaraṃ kāretvā vā katvā vā ‘‘hatavikkhittakapaṭikkūlaṃ hatavikkhittakapaṭikkūla’’nti manasikāro pavattetabbo. Uggahanimittaṃ panettha paññāyamānaṃ pahāramukhaṃ viya hoti. Paṭibhāganimittaṃ paripuṇṇameva hutvā upaṭṭhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Lohitakaṃ</span> <a name="V1.0183"></a> yuddhamaṇḍalādīsu laddhappahārānaṃ hatthapādādīsu vā chinnesu bhinnagaṇḍapīḷakādīnaṃ vā mukhato paggharamānakāle labbhati. Tasmā taṃ disvā ‘‘lohitakapaṭikkūlaṃ lohitakapaṭikkūla’’nti manasikāro pavattetabbo. Ettha uggahanimittaṃ vātappahatā viya rattapaṭākā calamānākāraṃ upaṭṭhāti. Paṭibhāganimittaṃ pana sannisinnaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Puḷavakaṃ</span> dvīhatīhaccayena kuṇapassa navahi vaṇamukhehi kimirāsipaggharaṇakāle hoti. Apica taṃ soṇasiṅgālamanussagomahiṃsahatthiassaajagarādīnaṃ sarīrappamāṇameva hutvā sālibhattarāsi viya tiṭṭhati<a name="M1.0186"></a>. Tesu yattha katthaci ‘‘puḷavakapaṭikkūlaṃ puḷavakapaṭikkūla’’nti manasikāro pavattetabbo. Cūḷapiṇḍapātikatissattherassa hi kāḷadīghavāpiyā anto hatthikuṇape nimittaṃ upaṭṭhāsi. Uggahanimittaṃ panettha calamānaṃ viya upaṭṭhāti. Paṭibhāganimittaṃ sālibhattapiṇḍo viya sannisinnaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aṭṭhikaṃ</span> ‘‘seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhisaṅkhalikaṃ samaṃsalohitaṃ nahārusambandha’’ntiādinā (ma. ni. 3.154) nayena nānappakārato vuttaṃ. Tattha yattha taṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti, tattha purimanayeneva gantvā samantā pāsāṇādīnaṃ vasena sanimittaṃ sārammaṇaṃ katvā idaṃ aṭṭhikanti sabhāvabhāvato upalakkhetvā vaṇṇādivasena ekādasahākārehi nimittaṃ uggahetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para119"></a><span class="paranum">119</span>. Taṃ pana <span class="bld">vaṇṇato</span> setanti olokentassa na upaṭṭhāti, odātakasiṇasambhedo hoti. Tasmā aṭṭhikanti paṭikkūlavaseneva oloketabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Liṅga</span>nti idha hatthādīnaṃ nāmaṃ. Tasmā hatthapādasīsaurabāhukaṭiūrujaṅghānaṃ vasena liṅgato vavatthapetabbaṃ. Dīgharassavaṭṭacaturassakhuddakamahantavasena pana <span class="bld">saṇṭhānato</span> vavatthapetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Disokāsā</span> vuttanayā eva. Tassa tassa aṭṭhino pariyantavasena <span class="bld">paricchedato</span> vavatthapetvā yadevettha pākaṭaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti, taṃ gahetvā appanā pāpuṇitabbā. Tassa tassa aṭṭhino ninnaṭṭhānathalaṭṭhānavasena pana <span class="bld">ninnato</span> ca <span class="bld">thalato</span> ca vavatthapetabbaṃ. Padesavasenāpi ahaṃ ninne ṭhito, aṭṭhi thale, ahaṃ thale, aṭṭhi ninnetipi vavatthapetabbaṃ. Dvinnaṃ pana aṭṭhikānaṃ ghaṭitaghaṭitaṭṭhānavasena <span class="bld">sandhito</span> vavatthapetabbaṃ. Aṭṭhikānaṃyeva antaravasena <span class="bld">vivarato</span> vavatthapetabbaṃ. Sabbattheva pana ñāṇaṃ cāretvā imasmiṃ ṭhāne idamaṭṭhīti <span class="bld">samantato</span> vavatthapetabbaṃ. Evampi nimitte anupaṭṭhahante nalāṭaṭṭhimhi cittaṃ saṇṭhapetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para120"></a><span class="paranum">120</span>. Yathā <a name="V1.0184"></a> cettha, evaṃ idaṃ ekādasavidhena nimittaggahaṇaṃ ito purimesu puḷavakādīsupi yujjamānavasena sallakkhetabbaṃ. Idañca pana kammaṭṭhānaṃ sakalāyapi aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikāya ekasmimpi aṭṭhike sampajjati. Tasmā tesu yatthakatthaci ekādasavidhena nimittaṃ uggahetvā ‘‘aṭṭhikapaṭikkūlaṃ aṭṭhikapaṭikkūla’’nti <a name="M1.0187"></a> manasikāro pavattetabbo. Idha uggahanimittampi paṭibhāganimittampi ekasadisameva hotīti vuttaṃ, taṃ ekasmiṃ aṭṭhike yuttaṃ. Aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikāya pana uggahanimitte paññāyamāne vivaratā. Paṭibhāganimitte paripuṇṇabhāvo yujjati. Ekaṭṭhikepi ca uggahanimittena bībhacchena bhayānakena bhavitabbaṃ. Paṭibhāganimittena pītisomanassajanakena, upacārāvahattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imasmiṃ hi okāse yaṃ aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ, taṃ dvāraṃ datvāva vuttaṃ. Tathā hi tattha ‘‘catūsu brahmavihāresu dasasu ca asubhesu paṭibhāganimittaṃ natthi. Brahmavihāresu hi sīmasambhedoyeva nimittaṃ. Dasasu ca asubhesu nibbikappaṃ katvā paṭikkūlabhāveyeva diṭṭhe nimittaṃ nāma hotī’’ti vatvāpi puna anantarameva ‘‘duvidhaṃ idha nimittaṃ uggahanimittaṃ paṭibhāganimittaṃ. Uggahanimittaṃ virūpaṃ bībhacchaṃ bhayānakaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhātī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tasmā yaṃ vicāretvā avocumha, idamevettha yuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica mahātissattherassa dantaṭṭhikamattāvalokanena sakalitthisarīrassa aṭṭhisaṅghātabhāvena upaṭṭhānādīni cettha nidassanānīti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Iti asubhāni subhaguṇo, dasasatalocanena thutakitti;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yāni avoca dasabalo, ekekajjhānahetunīti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evaṃ tāni ca tesañca, bhāvanānayamimaṃ viditvāna;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tesveva ayaṃ bhiyyo, pakiṇṇakakathāpi viññeyyā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pakiṇṇakakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para121"></a><span class="paranum">121</span>. Etesu hi yattha katthaci adhigatajjhāno suvikkhambhitarāgattā vītarāgo viya nilloluppacāro <a name="V1.0185"></a> hoti. Evaṃ santepi yvāyaṃ asubhappabhedo vutto, so sarīrasabhāvappattivasena ca rāgacaritabhedavasena cāti veditabbo. Chavasarīraṃ hi paṭikkūlabhāvaṃ āpajjamānaṃ uddhumātakasabhāvappattaṃ vā siyā, vinīlakādīnaṃ vā aññatarasabhāvappattaṃ. Iti yādisaṃ yādisaṃ sakkā hoti laddhuṃ, tādise tādise uddhumātakapaṭikkūlaṃ vinīlakapaṭikkūlanti evaṃ nimittaṃ gaṇhitabbamevāti sarīrasabhāvappattivasena dasadhā asubhappabhedo vuttoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Visesato <a name="M1.0188"></a> cettha uddhumātakaṃ sarīrasaṇṭhānavipattippakāsanato saṇṭhānarāgino sappāyaṃ. Vinīlakaṃ chavirāgavipattippakāsanato sarīravaṇṇarāgino sappāyaṃ. Vipubbakaṃ kāyavaṇapaṭibaddhassa duggandhabhāvassa pakāsanato mālāgandhādivasena samuṭṭhāpitasarīragandharāgino sappāyaṃ. Vicchiddakaṃ antosusirabhāvappakāsanato sarīre ghanabhāvarāgino sappāyaṃ. Vikkhāyitakaṃ maṃsupacayasampattivināsappakāsanato thanādīsu sarīrappadesesu maṃsupacayarāgino sappāyaṃ. Vikkhittakaṃ aṅgapaccaṅgānaṃ vikkhepappakāsanato aṅgapaccaṅgalīlārāgino sappāyaṃ. Hatavikkhittakaṃ sarīrasaṅghātabhedavikārappakāsanato sarīrasaṅghātasampattirāgino sappāyaṃ. Lohitakaṃ lohitamakkhitapaṭikkūlabhāvappakāsanato alaṅkārajanitasobharāgino sappāyaṃ. Puḷavakaṃ kāyassa anekakimikulasādhāraṇabhāvappakāsanato kāye mamattarāgino sappāyaṃ. Aṭṭhikaṃ sarīraṭṭhīnaṃ paṭikkūlabhāvappakāsanato dantasampattirāgino sappāyanti evaṃ rāgacaritabhedavasenāpi dasadhā asubhappabhedo vuttoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā pana dasavidhepi etasmiṃ asubhe seyyathāpi nāma aparisaṇṭhitajalāya sīghasotāya nadiyā arittabaleneva nāvā tiṭṭhati, vinā arittena na sakkā ṭhapetuṃ, evameva dubbalattā ārammaṇassa vitakkabaleneva cittaṃ ekaggaṃ hutvā tiṭṭhati, vinā vitakkena na sakkā ṭhapetuṃ, tasmā paṭhamajjhānamevettha hoti, na dutiyādīni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paṭikkūlepi ca etasmiṃ ārammaṇe ‘‘addhā imāya paṭipadāya jarāmaraṇamhā parimuccissāmī’’ti evamānisaṃsadassāvitāya ceva nīvaraṇasantāpappahānena ca pītisomanassaṃ uppajjati, ‘‘bahuṃ dāni vetanaṃ labhissāmī’’ti ānisaṃsadassāvino pupphachaḍḍakassa gūtharāsimhi viya, ussannabyādhidukkhassa rogino vamanavirecanappavattiyaṃ viya ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para122"></a><span class="paranum">122</span>. Dasavidhampi <a name="V1.0186"></a> cetaṃ asubhaṃ lakkhaṇato ekameva hoti. Dasavidhassāpi hetassa asuciduggandhajegucchapaṭikkūlabhāvo eva lakkhaṇaṃ. Tadetaṃ iminā lakkhaṇena na kevalaṃ matasarīre, dantaṭṭhikadassāvino pana cetiyapabbatavāsino mahātissattherassa viya, hatthikkhandhagataṃ rājānaṃ olokentassa saṅgharakkhitattherūpaṭṭhākasāmaṇerassa viya ca jīvamānakasarīrepi <a name="M1.0189"></a> upaṭṭhāti. Yatheva hi matasarīraṃ, evaṃ jīvamānakampi asubhameva. Asubhalakkhaṇaṃ panettha āgantukena alaṅkārena paṭicchannattā na paññāyati. Pakatiyā pana idaṃ sarīraṃ nāma atirekatisataaṭṭhikasamussayaṃ asītisatasandhisaṅghaṭitaṃ navanhārusatanibandhanaṃ navamaṃsapesisatānulittaṃ allacammapariyonaddhaṃ chaviyā paṭicchannaṃ chiddāvachiddaṃ medakathālikā viya niccuggharitapaggharitaṃ kimisaṅghanisevitaṃ rogānaṃ āyatanaṃ dukkhadhammānaṃ vatthu paribhinnapurāṇagaṇḍo viya navahi vaṇamukhehi satatavissandanaṃ. Yassa ubhohi akkhīhi akkhigūthako paggharati, kaṇṇabilehi kaṇṇagūthako, nāsāpuṭehi siṅghāṇikā, mukhato āhārapittasemharudhirāni, adhodvārehi uccārapassāvā, navanavutiyā lomakūpasahassehi asucisedayūso paggharati. Nīlamakkhikādayo samparivārenti. Yaṃ dantakaṭṭhamukhadhovanasīsamakkhananahānanivāsanapārupanādīhi appaṭijaggitvā yathājātova pharusavippakiṇṇakeso hutvā gāmena gāmaṃ vicaranto rājāpi pupphachaḍḍakacaṇḍālādīsu aññataropi samasarīrapaṭikkūlatāya nibbiseso hoti, evaṃ asuciduggandhajegucchapaṭikkūlatāya rañño vā caṇḍālassa vā sarīre vemattaṃ nāma natthi. Dantakaṭṭhamukhadhovanādīhi panettha dantamalādīni pamajjitvā nānāvatthehi hirikopīnaṃ paṭicchādetvā nānāvaṇṇena surabhivilepanena vilimpitvā pupphābharaṇādīhi alaṅkaritvā ‘‘ahaṃ mama’’nti gahetabbākārappattaṃ karonti. Tato iminā āgantukena alaṅkārena paṭicchannattā tadassa yāthāvasarasaṃ asubhalakkhaṇaṃ asañjānantā purisā itthīsu, itthiyo ca purisesu ratiṃ karonti. Paramatthato panettha rajjitabbakayuttaṭṭhānaṃ nāma aṇumattampi natthi. Tathā hi kesalomanakhadantakheḷasiṅghāṇikauccārapassāvādīsu ekakoṭṭhāsampi sarīrato bahi patitaṃ sattā hatthena chupitumpi na icchanti, aṭṭīyanti harāyanti jigucchanti. Yaṃ yaṃ panettha avasesaṃ hoti, taṃ taṃ evaṃ paṭikkūlampi samānaṃ avijjandhakārapariyonaddhā attasineharāgarattā ‘‘iṭṭhaṃ kantaṃ niccaṃ sukhaṃ attā’’ti gaṇhanti. Te evaṃ gaṇhantā aṭaviyaṃ kiṃsukarukkhaṃ disvā rukkhato apatitapupphaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ maṃsapesī’’ti vihaññamānena jarasiṅgālena samānataṃ āpajjanti. Tasmā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yathāpi <a name="M1.0190"></a><a name="V1.0187"></a> pupphitaṃ disvā, siṅgālo kiṃsukaṃ vane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Maṃsarukkho mayā laddho, iti gantvāna vegasā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Patitaṃ patitaṃ pupphaṃ, ḍaṃsitvā atilolupo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nayidaṃ maṃsaṃ aduṃ maṃsaṃ, yaṃ rukkhasminti gaṇhati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Koṭṭhāsaṃ patitaṃyeva, asubhanti tathā budho;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Aggahetvāna gaṇheyya, sarīraṭṭhampi naṃ tathā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Imañhi subhato kāyaṃ, gahetvā tattha mucchitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bālā karontā pāpāni, dukkhā na parimuccare.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā passeyya medhāvī, jīvato vā matassa vā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sabhāvaṃ pūtikāyassa, subhabhāvena vajjitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Duggandho asuci kāyo, kuṇapo ukkarūpamo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nindito cakkhubhūtehi, kāyo bālābhinandito.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Allacammapaṭicchanno, navadvāro mahāvaṇo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samantato paggharati, asuci pūtigandhiyo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sace imassa kāyassa, anto bāhirako siyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Daṇḍaṃ nūna gahetvāna, kāke soṇe nivārayeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmā dabbajātikena bhikkhunā jīvamānasarīraṃ vā hotu</p>
<p class="bodytext">Matasarīraṃ <a name="V1.0188"></a> vā yattha yattha asubhākāro paññāyati, tattha tattheva nimittaṃ gahetvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ appanaṃ pāpetabbanti.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge</p>
<p class="centered">Samādhibhāvanādhikāre</p>
<p class="centered">Asubhakammaṭṭhānaniddeso nāma</p>
<p class="centered">Chaṭṭho paricchedo.</p>
<p class="chapter">7. Chaanussatiniddeso</p>
<p class="subhead">1. Buddhānussatikathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para123"></a><span class="paranum">123</span>. Asubhānantaraṃ <a name="M1.0191"></a><a name="V1.0189"></a> uddiṭṭhāsu pana dasasu anussatīsu punappunaṃ uppajjanato satiyeva anussati, pavattitabbaṭṭhānamhiyeva vā pavattattā saddhāpabbajitassa kulaputtassa anurūpā satītipi anussati, buddhaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati <span class="bld">buddhānussati,</span> buddhaguṇārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Dhammaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati <span class="bld">dhammānussati,</span> svākkhātatādidhammaguṇārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Saṅghaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati <span class="bld">saṅghānussati,</span> suppaṭipannatādisaṅghaguṇārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Sīlaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati <span class="bld">sīlānussati,</span> akhaṇḍatādisīlaguṇārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Cāgaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati <span class="bld">cāgānussati,</span> muttacāgatādicāgaguṇārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Devatā ārabbha uppannā anussati <span class="bld">devatānussati,</span> devatā sakkhiṭṭhāne ṭhapetvā attano saddhādiguṇārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Maraṇaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati <span class="bld">maraṇānussati,</span> jīvitindriyupacchedārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Kesādibhedaṃ rūpakāyaṃ gatā, kāye vā gatāti kāyagatā, kāyagatā ca sā sati cāti kāyagatasatīti vattabbe rassaṃ akatvā <span class="bld">kāyagatāsatī</span>ti vuttā, kesādikāyakoṭṭhāsanimittārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Ānāpāne ārabbha uppannā sati <span class="bld">ānāpānassati,</span> assāsapassāsanimittārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Upasamaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati <span class="bld">upasamānussati,</span> sabbadukkhūpasamārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para124"></a><span class="paranum">124</span>. Iti imāsu dasasu anussatīsu buddhānussatiṃ tāva bhāvetukāmena aveccappasādasamannāgatena yoginā patirūpasenāsane rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi <a name="M1.0192"></a> satthā <a name="V1.0190"></a> devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) evaṃ buddhassa bhagavato guṇā anussaritabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyaṃ anussaraṇanayo – so bhagavā itipi arahaṃ, itipi sammāsambuddho…pe… itipi bhagavāti anussarati. Iminā ca iminā ca kāraṇenāti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para125"></a><span class="paranum">125</span>. Tattha ārakattā arīnaṃ arānañca hatattā paccayādīnaṃ arahattā pāpakaraṇe rahābhāvāti imehi tāva kāraṇehi so bhagavā <span class="bld">araha</span>nti anussarati. Ārakā hi so sabbakilesehi suvidūravidūre ṭhito maggena savāsanānaṃ kilesānaṃ viddhaṃsitattāti <span class="bld">ārakattā arahaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="gatha1">So tato ārakā nāma, yassa yenāsamaṅgitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Asamaṅgī ca dosehi, nātho tenā<span class="bld">rahaṃ</span> matoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para126"></a><span class="paranum">126</span>. Te cānena kilesārayo maggena hatāti <span class="bld">arīnaṃ hatattāpi arahaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yasmā rāgādisaṅkhātā, sabbepi arayo hatā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paññāsatthena nāthena, tasmāpi <span class="bld">arahaṃ</span> matoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para127"></a><span class="paranum">127</span>. Yañcetaṃ avijjābhavataṇhāmayanābhi puññādiabhisaṅkhārāraṃ jarāmaraṇanemi āsavasamudayamayena akkhena vijjhitvā tibhavarathe samāyojitaṃ anādikālappavattaṃ saṃsāracakkaṃ, tassānena bodhimaṇḍe vīriyapādehi sīlapathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya saddhāhatthena kammakkhayakaraṃ ñāṇapharasuṃ gahetvā sabbe arā hatāti <span class="bld">arānaṃ hatattāpi arahaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para128"></a><span class="paranum">128</span>. Atha vā saṃsāracakkanti anamataggaṃ saṃsāravaṭṭaṃ vuccati. Tassa ca avijjā nābhi, mūlattā. Jarāmaraṇaṃ nemi, pariyosānattā. Sesā dasa dhammā arā, avijjāmūlakattā jarāmaraṇapariyantattā ca, tattha dukkhādīsu aññāṇaṃ avijjā. Kāmabhave ca avijjā kāmabhave saṅkhārānaṃ paccayo hoti, rūpabhave avijjā rūpabhave saṅkhārānaṃ paccayo hoti, arūpabhave <a name="V1.0191"></a> avijjā <a name="M1.0193"></a> arūpabhave saṅkhārānaṃ paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave saṅkhārā kāmabhave paṭisandhiviññāṇassa paccayā honti, esa nayo itaresu. Kāmabhave paṭisandhiviññāṇaṃ kāmabhave nāmarūpassa paccayo hoti, tathā rūpabhave. Arūpabhave nāmasseva paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave nāmarūpaṃ kāmabhave saḷāyatanassa paccayo hoti, rūpabhave nāmarūpaṃ rūpabhave tiṇṇaṃ āyatanānaṃ paccayo hoti, arūpabhave nāmaṃ arūpabhave ekassa āyatanassa paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave saḷāyatanaṃ kāmabhave chabbidhassa phassassa paccayo hoti, rūpabhave tīṇi āyatanāni rūpabhave tiṇṇaṃ phassānaṃ paccayā honti, arūpabhave ekaṃ āyatanaṃ arūpabhave ekassa phassassa paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave cha phassā kāmabhave channaṃ vedanānaṃ paccayā honti, rūpabhave tayo phassā tattheva tissannaṃ, arūpabhave eko tattheva ekissā vedanāya paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave cha vedanā kāmabhave channaṃ taṇhākāyānaṃ paccayā honti, rūpabhave tisso tattheva tiṇṇaṃ, arūpabhave ekā vedanā arūpabhave ekassa taṇhākāyassa paccayo hoti. Tattha tattha sā sā taṇhā tassa tassa upādānassa, upādānādayo bhavādīnaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ? Idhekacco kāme paribhuñjissāmīti kāmupādānapaccayā kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, manasā duccaritaṃ carati, duccaritapāripūriyā apāye upapajjati. Tatthassa upapattihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ kammabhavo, kammanibbattā khandhā upapattibhavo, khandhānaṃ nibbatti jāti, paripāko jarā, bhedo maraṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo saggasampattiṃ anubhavissāmīti tatheva sucaritaṃ carati, sucaritapāripūriyā sagge upapajjati. Tatthassa upapattihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ kammabhavoti so eva nayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo pana brahmalokasampattiṃ anubhavissāmīti kāmupādānapaccayāeva mettaṃ bhāveti, karuṇaṃ, muditaṃ, upekkhaṃ bhāveti, bhāvanāpāripūriyā brahmaloke nibbattati. Tatthassa nibbattihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ kammabhavoti so eva nayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparo <a name="M1.0194"></a> arūpabhave sampattiṃ anubhavissāmīti tatheva ākāsānañcāyatanādisamāpattiyo bhāveti, bhāvanāpāripūriyā tattha tattha nibbattati. Tatthassa nibbattihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ kammabhavo, kammanibbattā <a name="V1.0192"></a> khandhā upapattibhavo, khandhānaṃ nibbatti jāti, paripāko jarā, bhedo maraṇanti. Esa nayo sesupādānamūlikāsupi yojanāsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ ayaṃ avijjā hetu, saṅkhārā hetusamuppannā, ubhopete hetusamuppannāti paccayapariggahe paññā dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇaṃ. Atītampi addhānaṃ anāgatampi addhānaṃ avijjā hetu, saṅkhārā hetusamuppannā, ubhopete hetusamuppannāti paccayapariggahe paññā dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇanti eteneva nayena sabbapadāni vitthāretabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha avijjāsaṅkhārā eko saṅkhepo, viññāṇanāmarūpasaḷāyatanaphassavedanā eko, taṇhupādānabhavā eko, jātijarāmaraṇaṃ eko. Purimasaṅkhepo cettha atīto addhā, dve majjhimā paccuppanno, jātijarāmaraṇaṃ anāgato. Avijjāsaṅkhāraggahaṇena cettha taṇhupādānabhavā gahitāva hontīti ime pañca dhammā atīte kammavaṭṭaṃ, viññāṇādayo pañca etarahi vipākavaṭṭaṃ, taṇhupādānabhavaggahaṇena avijjāsaṅkhārā gahitāva hontīti ime pañca dhammā etarahi kammavaṭṭaṃ, jātijarāmaraṇāpadesena viññāṇādīnaṃ niddiṭṭhattā ime pañca dhammā āyatiṃ vipākavaṭṭaṃ. Te ākārato vīsatividhā honti. Saṅkhāraviññāṇānañcettha antarā eko sandhi, vedanātaṇhānamantarā eko, bhavajātīnamantarā ekoti, iti bhagavā etaṃ catusaṅkhepaṃ tiyaddhaṃ vīsatākāraṃ tisandhiṃ paṭiccasamuppādaṃ sabbākārato jānāti passati aññāti paṭivijjhati. Taṃ ñātaṭṭhena ñāṇaṃ, pajānanaṭṭhena paññā, tena vuccati paccayapariggahe paññā dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇanti. Iminā dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇena bhagavā te dhamme yathābhūtaṃ ñatvā tesu nibbindanto virajjanto vimuccanto vuttappakārassa imassa saṃsāracakkassa are hani vihani viddhaṃsesi. Evampi <span class="bld">arānaṃ hatattā arahaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Arā saṃsāracakkassa, hatā ñāṇāsinā yato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Lokanāthena tenesa, <span class="bld">araha</span>nti pavuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para129"></a><span class="paranum">129</span>. Aggadakkhiṇeyyattā <a name="M1.0195"></a> ca cīvarādipaccaye arahati pūjāvisesañca. Teneva ca uppanne tathāgate yekeci mahesakkhā devamanussā, na te aññattha pūjaṃ karonti. Tathā hi brahmā sahampati sinerumattena ratanadāmena tathāgataṃ pūjesi. Yathābalañca aññe devā manussā ca <a name="V1.0193"></a> bimbisārakosalarājādayo. Parinibbutampi ca bhagavantaṃ uddissa channavutikoṭidhanaṃ vissajjetvā asokamahārājā sakalajambudīpe caturāsītivihārasahassāni patiṭṭhāpesi. Ko pana vādo aññesaṃ pūjāvisesānanti <span class="bld">paccayādīnaṃ arahattāpi arahaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pūjāvisesaṃ saha paccayehi,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Yasmā ayaṃ arahati lokanātho;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Atthānurūpaṃ <span class="bld">araha</span>nti loke,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā jino arahati nāmametaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para130"></a><span class="paranum">130</span>. Yathā ca loke yekeci paṇḍitamānino bālā asilokabhayena raho pāpaṃ karonti, evamesa na kadāci karotīti <span class="bld">pāpakaraṇe rahābhāvatopi arahaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yasmā natthi raho nāma, pāpakammesu tādino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Rahābhāvena tenesa, <span class="bld">arahaṃ</span> iti vissuto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ sabbathāpi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ārakattā hatattā ca, kilesārīna so muni;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Hatasaṃsāracakkāro, paccayādīna cāraho;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na raho karoti pāpāni, <span class="bld">arahaṃ</span> tena vuccatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para131"></a><span class="paranum">131</span>. Sammā sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā pana <span class="bld">sammāsambuddho</span>. Tathāhi esa sabbadhamme sammā sāmañca buddho, abhiññeyye dhamme abhiññeyyato buddho, pariññeyye dhamme pariññeyyato, pahātabbe dhamme pahātabbato, sacchikātabbe dhamme sacchikātabbato, bhāvetabbe dhamme bhāvetabbato. Teneva cāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Abhiññeyyaṃ abhiññātaṃ, bhāvetabbañca bhāvitaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pahātabbaṃ pahīnaṃ me, tasmā buddhosmi brāhmaṇāti. (ma. ni. 2.399; su. ni. 563);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para132"></a><span class="paranum">132</span>. Apica <a name="M1.0196"></a><a name="V1.0194"></a> cakkhuṃ dukkhasaccaṃ, tassa mūlakāraṇabhāvena samuṭṭhāpikā purimataṇhā samudayasaccaṃ, ubhinnaṃ appavatti nirodhasaccaṃ, nirodhapajānanā paṭipadā maggasaccanti evaṃ ekekapaduddhārenāpi sabbadhamme sammā sāmañca buddho, esa nayo sotaghānajivhākāyamanesu. Eteneva nayena rūpādīni cha āyatanāni, cakkhuviññāṇādayo chaviññāṇakāyā, cakkhusamphassādayo cha phassā, cakkhusamphassajādayo cha vedanā, rūpasaññādayo cha saññā, rūpasañcetanādayo cha cetanā, rūpataṇhādayo cha taṇhākāyā, rūpavitakkādayo cha vitakkā, rūpavicārādayo cha vicārā, rūpakkhandhādayo pañcakkhandhā, dasa kasiṇāni, dasa anussatiyo, uddhumātakasaññādivasena dasa saññā, kesādayo dvattiṃsākārā, dvādasāyatanāni, aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo, kāmabhavādayo nava bhavā, paṭhamādīni cattāri jhānāni, mettābhāvanādayo catasso appamaññā, catasso arūpasamāpattiyo, paṭilomato jarāmaraṇādīni, anulomato avijjādīni paṭiccasamuppādaṅgāni ca yojetabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyaṃ ekapadayojanā, jarāmaraṇaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ, jāti samudayasaccaṃ, ubhinnampi nissaraṇaṃ nirodhasaccaṃ, nirodhapajānanā paṭipadā maggasaccanti evamekekapaduddhārena sabbadhamme sammā sāmañca buddho anubuddho paṭibuddho. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘sammā sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā pana sammāsambuddho’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para133"></a><span class="paranum">133</span>. Vijjāhi pana caraṇena ca sampannattā <span class="bld">vijjācaraṇasampanno</span>. Tattha <span class="bld">vijjā</span>ti tissopi vijjā aṭṭhapi vijjā. Tisso vijjā bhayabheravasutte (ma. ni. 1.52 ādayo) vuttanayeneva veditabbā, aṭṭha ambaṭṭhasutte (dī. ni. 1.278 ādayo). Tatra hi vipassanāñāṇena manomayiddhiyā ca saha cha abhiññā pariggahetvā aṭṭha vijjā vuttā. <span class="bld">Caraṇa</span>nti sīlasaṃvaro, indriyesu guttadvāratā, bhojane mattaññutā, jāgariyānuyogo, satta saddhammā, cattāri rūpāvacarajjhānānīti ime pannarasa dhammā veditabbā. Imeyeva hi pannarasa dhammā yasmā etehi carati ariyasāvako gacchati amataṃ disaṃ, tasmā caraṇanti vuttā. Yathāha – ‘‘idha, mahānāma, ariyasāvako sīlavā hotī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.24) sabbaṃ majjhimapaṇṇāsake vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Bhagavā imāhi vijjāhi iminā ca caraṇena samannāgato. Tena vuccati vijjācaraṇasampannoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M1.0197"></a><a name="V1.0195"></a> vijjāsampadā bhagavato sabbaññutaṃ pūretvā ṭhitā. Caraṇasampadā mahākāruṇikataṃ. So sabbaññutāya sabbasattānaṃ atthānatthaṃ ñatvā mahākāruṇikatāya anatthaṃ parivajjetvā atthe niyojeti. Yathā taṃ vijjācaraṇasampanno. Tenassa sāvakā suppaṭipannā honti, no duppaṭipannā vijjācaraṇavipannānaṃ sāvakā attantapādayo viya.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para134"></a><span class="paranum">134</span>. Sobhanagamanattā, sundaraṃ ṭhānaṃ gatattā, sammā gatattā, sammā ca gadattā <span class="bld">sugato</span>. Gamanampi hi gatanti vuccati. Tañca bhagavato sobhanaṃ parisuddhamanavajjaṃ. Kiṃ pana tanti? Ariyamaggo. Tena hesa gamanena khemaṃ disaṃ asajjamāno gatoti <span class="bld">sobhanagamanattā sugato</span>. Sundarañcesa ṭhānaṃ gato amataṃ nibbānanti <span class="bld">sundaraṃ ṭhānaṃ gatattāpi sugato</span>. Sammā ca gato tena tena maggena pahīne kilese puna apaccāgacchanto. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘sotāpattimaggena ye kilesā pahīnā, te kilese na puneti na pacceti na paccāgacchatīti sugato…pe… arahattamaggena ye kilesā pahīnā, te kilese na puneti na pacceti na paccāgacchatīti sugato’’ti, sammā vā gato dīpaṅkarapādamūlato pabhuti yāva bodhimaṇḍā tāva samatiṃsapāramīpūrikāya sammāpaṭipattiyā sabbalokassa hitasukhameva karonto sassataṃ, ucchedaṃ, kāmasukhaṃ, attakilamathanti ime ca ante anupagacchanto gatoti <span class="bld">sammā gatattāpi sugato</span>. Sammā cesa gadati yuttaṭṭhāne yuttameva vācaṃ bhāsatīti <span class="bld">sammā gadattāpi sugato</span>. Tatridaṃ sādhakasuttaṃ ‘‘yaṃ tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ anatthasañhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā, na taṃ tathāgato vācaṃ bhāsati. Yampi tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ anatthasañhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā, tampi tathāgato vācaṃ na bhāsati. Yañca kho tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasañhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā, tatra kālaññū tathāgato hoti tassā vācāya veyyākaraṇāya. Yaṃ tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ anatthasañhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ piyā manāpā, na taṃ tathāgato vācaṃ bhāsati. Yampi tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ anatthasañhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ piyā manāpā, tampi tathāgato vācaṃ na bhāsati. Yañca kho tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasañhitaṃ, sā <a name="M1.0198"></a> ca paresaṃ piyā manāpā, tatra kālaññū tathāgato hoti tassā vācāya veyyākaraṇāyā’’ti (ma. ni. 2.86). Evaṃ <span class="bld">sammā gadattāpi sugato</span>ti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para135"></a><span class="paranum">135</span>. Sabbathāpi viditalokattā pana <span class="bld">lokavidū</span>. So hi bhagavā sabhāvato samudayato nirodhato <a name="V1.0196"></a> nirodhūpāyatoti sabbathā lokaṃ avedi aññāsi paṭivijjhi. Yathāha – ‘‘yattha kho, āvuso, na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjati, nāhaṃ taṃ gamanena lokassa antaṃ ñāteyyaṃ daṭṭheyyaṃ patteyyanti vadāmi, na cāhaṃ, āvuso, apatvāva lokassa antaṃ dukkhassa antakiriyaṃ vadāmi. Api cāhaṃ, āvuso, imasmiññeva byāmamatte kaḷevare sasaññimhi samanake lokañca paññapemi lokasamudayañca lokanirodhañca lokanirodhagāminiñca paṭipadaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Gamanena na pattabbo, lokassanto kudācanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na ca apatvā lokantaṃ, dukkhā atthi pamocanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā have lokavidū sumedho,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Lokantagū vūsitabrahmacariyo;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Lokassa antaṃ samitāvi ñatvā,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nāsīsati lokamimaṃ parañcāti. (saṃ. ni. 1.107; a. ni. 4.45);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para136"></a><span class="paranum">136</span>. Apica tayo lokā saṅkhāraloko sattaloko okāsalokoti. Tattha eko loko sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikāti (paṭi. ma. 1.112) āgataṭṭhāne saṅkhāraloko veditabbo. Sassato lokoti vā asassato lokoti vāti (dī. ni. 1.421) āgataṭṭhāne sattaloko.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yāvatā candimasūriyā pariharanti, disā bhanti virocamānā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tāva sahassadhā loko, ettha te vattatī vasoti. (ma. ni. 1.503) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Āgataṭṭhāne okāsaloko. Tampi bhagavā sabbathā avedi. Tathā hissa ‘‘eko loko sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā. Dve lokā nāmañca rūpañca. Tayo lokā tisso vedanā. Cattāro lokā <a name="M1.0199"></a> cattāro āhārā. Pañca lokā pañcupādānakkhandhā. Cha lokā cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni. Satta lokā satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo. Aṭṭha lokā aṭṭha lokadhammā. Nava lokā nava <a name="V1.0197"></a> sattāvāsā. Dasa lokā dasāyatanāni. Dvādasa lokā dvādasāyatanāni. Aṭṭhārasa lokā aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.112) ayaṃ saṅkhāralokopi sabbathā vidito.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā panesa sabbesampi sattānaṃ āsayaṃ jānāti, anusayaṃ jānāti, caritaṃ jānāti, adhimuttiṃ jānāti, apparajakkhe mahārajakkhe, tikkhindriye mudindriye, svākāre dvākāre, suviññāpaye duviññāpaye, bhabbe abhabbe satte jānāti. Tasmāssa sattalokopi sabbathā vidito.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para137"></a><span class="paranum">137</span>. Yathā ca sattaloko, evaṃ okāsalokopi. Tathā hesa ekaṃ cakkavāḷaṃ āyāmato ca vitthārato ca yojanānaṃ dvādasasatasahassāni catutiṃsasatāni ca paññāsañca yojanāni. Parikkhepato pana –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sabbaṃ satasahassāni, chattiṃsaparimaṇḍalaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dasa ceva sahassāni, aḍḍhuḍḍhāni satāni ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Duve satasahassāni, cattāri nahutāni ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ettakaṃ bahalattena, saṅkhātāyaṃ vasundharā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassāyeva sandhārakaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Cattāri satasahassāni, aṭṭheva nahutāni ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ettakaṃ bahalattena, jalaṃ vāte patiṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassāpi sandhārako –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nava satasahassāni, māluto nabhamuggato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Saṭṭhiñceva sahassāni, esā lokassa saṇṭhiti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ saṇṭhite cettha yojanānaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Caturāsīti <a name="M1.0200"></a><a name="V1.0198"></a> sahassāni, ajjhogāḷho mahaṇṇave;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Accuggato tāvadeva, sineru pabbatuttamo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tato upaḍḍhupaḍḍhena, pamāṇena yathākkamaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ajjhogāḷhuggatā dibbā, nānāratanacittitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yugandharo īsadharo, karavīko sudassano;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nemindharo vinatako, assakaṇṇo giri brahā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ete satta mahāselā, sinerussa samantato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mahārājānamāvāsā, devayakkhanisevitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yojanānaṃ satānucco, himavā pañca pabbato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yojanānaṃ sahassāni, tīṇi āyatavitthato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Caturāsītisahassehi, kūṭehi paṭimaṇḍito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tipañcayojanakkhandha-parikkhepā nagavhayā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Paññāsayojanakkhandha-sākhāyāmā samantato;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Satayojanavitthiṇṇā, tāvadeva ca uggatā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Jambū yassānubhāvena, jambudīpo pakāsito.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yañcetaṃ jambuyā pamāṇaṃ, etadeva asurānaṃ citrapāṭaliyā, garuḷānaṃ simbalirukkhassa, aparagoyāne kadambassa, uttarakurūsu kapparukkhassa, pubbavidehe sirīsassa, tāvatiṃsesu pāricchattakassāti. Tenāhu porāṇā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pāṭalī simbalī jambū, devānaṃ pāricchattako;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kadambo kapparukkho ca, sirīsena bhavati sattamanti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dveasīti <a name="V1.0199"></a> sahassāni, ajjhogāḷho mahaṇṇave;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Accuggato tāvadeva, cakkavāḷasiluccayo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Parikkhipitvā taṃ sabbaṃ, lokadhātumayaṃ ṭhito’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha candamaṇḍalaṃ ekūnapaññāsayojanaṃ. Sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ paññāsayojanaṃ. Tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ dasasahassayojanaṃ. Tathā asurabhavanaṃ avīcimahānirayo jambudīpo ca. Aparagoyānaṃ sattasahassayojanaṃ. Tathā <a name="M1.0201"></a> pubbavidehaṃ. Uttarakuru aṭṭhasahassayojanaṃ. Ekameko cettha mahādīpo pañcasatapañcasataparittadīpaparivāro. Taṃ sabbampi ekaṃ cakkavāḷaṃ ekā lokadhātu. Tadantaresu lokantarikanirayā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ anantāni cakkavāḷāni anantā lokadhātuyo bhagavā anantena buddhañāṇena avedi aññāsi paṭivijjhi. Evamassa okāsalokopi sabbathā vidito. Evampi <span class="bld">sabbathā viditalokattā lokavidū</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para138"></a><span class="paranum">138</span>. Attanā pana guṇehi visiṭṭhatarassa kassaci abhāvato natthi etassa uttaroti <span class="bld">anuttaro</span>. Tathā hesa sīlaguṇenāpi sabbaṃ lokamabhibhavati, samādhipaññāvimuttivimuttiñāṇadassanaguṇenāpi. Sīlaguṇenāpi asamo asamasamo appaṭimo appaṭibhāgo appaṭipuggalo…pe… vimuttiñāṇadassanaguṇenāpi. Yathāha – ‘‘na kho panāhaṃ samanupassāmi sadevake loke samārake…pe… sadevamanussāya pajāya attanā sīlasampannatara’’nti vitthāro. Evaṃ aggapasādasuttādīni (a. ni. 4.34; itivu. 90) ‘‘na me ācariyo atthī’’tiādikā (ma. ni. 1.285; mahāva. 11) gāthāyo ca vitthāretabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para139"></a><span class="paranum">139</span>. Purisadamme sāretīti <span class="bld">purisadammasārathi</span>. Dameti vinetīti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha <span class="bld">purisadammā</span>ti adantā dametuṃ yuttā tiracchānapurisāpi manussapurisāpi amanussapurisāpi. Tathā hi bhagavatā tiracchānapurisāpi apalālo nāgarājā, cūḷodaro, mahodaro, aggisikho, dhūmasikho, aravāḷo nāgarājā, dhanapālako hatthīti evamādayo damitā nibbisā katā saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca patiṭṭhāpitā, manussapurisāpi saccakanigaṇṭhaputtaambaṭṭhamāṇavapokkharasāti soṇadantakūṭadantādayo, amanussapurisāpi āḷavakasūcilomakharalomayakkhasakkadevarājādayo <a name="V1.0200"></a> damitā vinītā vicitrehi vinayanūpāyehi. ‘‘Ahaṃ kho, kesi, purisadamme saṇhenapi vinemi, pharusenapi vinemi, saṇhapharusenapi vinemī’’ti (a. ni. 4.11) idañcettha suttaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica bhagavā visuddhasīlādīnaṃ paṭhamajjhānādīni sotāpannādīnañca uttari maggapaṭipadaṃ ācikkhanto dantepi dametiyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha <a name="M1.0202"></a> vā anuttaro purisadammasārathīti ekamevidaṃ atthapadaṃ. Bhagavā hi tathā purisadamme sāreti, yathā ekapallaṅkeneva nisinnā aṭṭha disā asajjamānā dhāvanti. Tasmā <span class="bld">anuttaro purisadammasārathī</span>ti vuccati. ‘‘Hatthidamakena, bhikkhave, hatthidammo sārito ekaṃyeva disaṃ dhāvatī’’ti idañcettha suttaṃ (ma. ni. 3.312) vitthāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para140"></a><span class="paranum">140</span>. Diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi yathārahaṃ anusāsatīti <span class="bld">satthā</span>. Apica satthā viyāti <span class="bld">satthā,</span> bhagavā satthavāho. Yathā satthavāho satthe kantāraṃ tāreti corakantāraṃ tāreti vāḷakantāraṃ tāreti dubbhikkhakantāraṃ tāreti nirudakakantāraṃ tāreti uttāreti nittāreti patāreti khemantabhūmiṃ sampāpeti, evameva bhagavā satthā satthavāho satte kantāraṃ tāreti, jātikantāraṃ tāretītiādinā niddesanayenapettha attho veditabbo. <span class="bld">Devamanussāna</span>nti devānañca manussānañca. Ukkaṭṭhaparicchedavasena, bhabbapuggalaparicchedavasena cetaṃ vuttaṃ. Bhagavā pana tiracchānagatānampi anusāsanippadānena satthāyeva. Tepi hi bhagavato dhammassavanena upanissayasampattiṃ patvā tāya eva upanissayasampattiyā dutiye vā tatiye vā attabhāve maggaphalabhāgino honti. Maṇḍūkadevaputtādayo cettha nidassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhagavati kira gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre campānagaravāsīnaṃ dhammaṃ desiyamāne eko maṇḍūko bhagavato sare nimittaṃ aggahesi, taṃ eko vacchapālako daṇḍaṃ olubbha tiṭṭhanto sīse sannirumbhitvā aṭṭhāsi. So tāvadeva kālaṅkatvā tāvatiṃsabhavane dvādasayojanike kanakavimāne nibbatti. Suttappabuddho viya ca tattha accharāsaṅghaparivutaṃ attānaṃ disvā ‘‘are ahampi nāma idha nibbatto, kiṃ nu kho kammamakāsi’’nti āvajjento na aññaṃ kiñci addasa <a name="V1.0201"></a> aññatra bhagavato sare nimittaggāhā. So tāvadeva saha vimānena āgantvā bhagavato pāde sirasā vandi. Bhagavā jānantova pucchi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ko me vandati pādāni, iddhiyā yasasā jalaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Abhikkantena vaṇṇena, sabbā obhāsayaṃ disā’’ti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Maṇḍūkohaṃ <a name="M1.0203"></a> pure āsiṃ, udake vārigocaro;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tava dhammaṃ suṇantassa, avadhi vacchapālakoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhagavā tassa dhammaṃ desesi. Caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Devaputtopi sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya sitaṃ katvā pakkamīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para141"></a><span class="paranum">141</span>. Yaṃ pana kiñci atthi ñeyyaṃ nāma, sabbasseva buddhattā vimokkhantikaññāṇavasena <span class="bld">buddho</span>. Yasmā vā cattāri saccāni attanāpi bujjhi, aññepi satte bodhesi, tasmā evamādīhipi kāraṇehi <span class="bld">buddho</span>. Imassa ca panatthassa viññāpanatthaṃ ‘‘bujjhitā saccānīti buddho. Bodhetā pajāyāti buddho’’ti evaṃ pavatto sabbopi niddesanayo (mahāni. 192) paṭisambhidānayo (paṭi. ma. 1.162) vā vitthāretabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para142"></a><span class="paranum">142</span>. <span class="bld">Bhagavā</span>ti idaṃ panassa guṇavisiṭṭhasabbasattuttamagarugāravādhivacanaṃ. Tenāhu porāṇā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, bhagavāti vacanamuttamaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Garugāravayutto so, <span class="bld">bhagavā</span> tena vuccatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Catubbidhaṃ vā nāmaṃ āvatthikaṃ liṅgikaṃ nemittikaṃ adhiccasamuppannanti. Adhiccasamuppannaṃ nāma lokiyavohārena yadicchakanti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha vaccho dammo balībaddoti evamādi <span class="bld">āvatthikaṃ</span>. Daṇḍī chattī sikhī karīti evamādi <span class="bld">liṅgikaṃ</span>. Tevijjo chaḷabhiññoti evamādi <span class="bld">nemittikaṃ</span>. Sirivaḍḍhako dhanavaḍḍhakoti evamādi vacanatthaṃ anapekkhitvā pavattaṃ <span class="bld">adhiccasamuppannaṃ</span>. Idaṃ <a name="V1.0202"></a> pana <span class="bld">bhagavā</span>ti nāmaṃ nemittikaṃ, na mahāmāyāya, na suddhodanamahārājena, na asītiyā ñātisahassehi kataṃ, na sakkasantusitādīhi devatāvisesehi. Vuttampi cetaṃ dhammasenāpatinā ‘‘bhagavāti netaṃ nāmaṃ mātarā kataṃ…pe… vimokkhantikametaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ bodhiyā mūle saha sabbaññutaññāṇassa paṭilābhā sacchikā paññatti yadidaṃ bhagavā’’ti (mahāni. 84).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para143"></a><span class="paranum">143</span>. Yaṃguṇanemittikañcetaṃ nāmaṃ, tesaṃ guṇānaṃ pakāsanatthaṃ imaṃ gāthaṃ vadanti –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhagī <a name="M1.0204"></a> bhajī bhāgi vibhattavā iti,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Akāsi bhagganti garūti bhāgyavā;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Bahūhi ñāyehi subhāvitattano,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhavantago so <span class="bld">bhagavā</span>ti vuccatī’’ti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Niddese (mahāni. 84) vuttanayeneva cettha tesaṃ tesaṃ padānaṃ attho daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para144"></a><span class="paranum">144</span>. Ayaṃ pana aparo nayo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bhāgyavā bhaggavā yutto, bhagehi ca vibhattavā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhattavā vantagamano, bhavesu <span class="bld">bhagavā</span> tatoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha vaṇṇāgamo vaṇṇavipariyayotiādikaṃ niruttilakkhaṇaṃ gahetvā saddanayena vā pisodarādipakkhepalakkhaṇaṃ gahetvā yasmā lokiyalokuttarasukhābhinibbattakaṃ dānasīlādipārappattaṃ bhāgyamassa atthi, tasmā bhāgyavāti vattabbe <span class="bld">bhagavā</span>ti vuccatīti ñātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā pana ahirikānottappakodhūpanāhamakkhapaḷāsaissāmacchariyamāyāsāṭheyyathambhasārambhamānātimānamadapamādataṇhāavijjā- tividhākusalamūladuccaritasaṃkilesamalavisamasaññāvitakkapapañcacatubbidhavipariyesa- āsavaganthaoghayogaagatitaṇhuppādupādānapañcacetokhīlavinibandhanīvaraṇābhinandanā- chavivādamūlataṇhākāyasattānusayaaṭṭhamicchattanavataṇhāmūlakadasākusalakammapathadvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhigata- aṭṭhasatataṇhāvicaritappabhedasabbadarathapariḷāhakilesasatasahassāni<a name="V1.0203"></a>, saṅkhepato vā pañca kilesakhandhaabhisaṅkhāradevaputtamaccumāre abhañji. Tasmā bhaggattā etesaṃ parissayānaṃ bhaggavāti vattabbe <span class="bld">bhagavā</span>ti vuccati. Āha cettha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhaggarāgo bhaggadoso, bhaggamoho anāsavo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhaggāssa pāpakā dhammā, <span class="bld">bhagavā</span> tena vuccatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Bhāgyavatāya cassa satapuññalakkhaṇadharassa rūpakāyasampatti dīpitā hoti. Bhaggadosatāya dhammakāyasampatti. Tathā lokiyasarikkhakānaṃ bahumatabhāvo, gahaṭṭhapabbajitehi abhigamanīyatā, abhigatānañca nesaṃ kāyacittadukkhāpanayane <a name="M1.0205"></a> paṭibalabhāvo, āmisadānadhammadānehi upakāritā, lokiyalokuttarasukhehi ca saṃyojanasamatthatā dīpitā hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā ca loke issariyadhammayasasirikāmapayattesu chasu dhammesu bhagasaddo pavattati, paramañcassa sakacitte issariyaṃ, aṇimālaṅghimādikaṃ vā lokiyasammataṃ sabbākāraparipūraṃ atthi. Tathā lokuttaro dhammo. Lokattayabyāpako yathābhuccaguṇādhigato ativiya parisuddho yaso. Rūpakāyadassanabyāvaṭajananayanappasādajananasamatthā sabbākāraparipūrā sabbaṅgapaccaṅgasirī. Yaṃ yaṃ etena icchitaṃ patthitaṃ attahitaṃ parahitaṃ vā, tassa tassa tatheva abhinipphannattā icchitatthanibbattisaññito kāmo. Sabbalokagarubhāvappattihetubhūto sammāvāyāmasaṅkhāto payatto ca atthi. Tasmā imehi bhagehi yuttattāpi bhagā assa santīti iminā atthena <span class="bld">bhagavā</span>ti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā pana kusalādīhi bhedehi sabbadhamme, khandhāyatanadhātusaccaindriyapaṭiccasamuppādādīhi vā kusalādidhamme, pīḷanasaṅkhatasantāpavipariṇāmaṭṭhena vā dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, āyūhananidānasaṃyogapalibodhaṭṭhena samudayaṃ, nissaraṇavivekāsaṅkhataamataṭṭhena nirodhaṃ, niyyānikahetudassanādhipateyyaṭṭhena maggaṃ vibhattavā, vibhajitvā vivaritvā desitavāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tasmā vibhattavāti vattabbe <span class="bld">bhagavā</span>ti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā ca esa dibbabrahmaariyavihāre kāyacittaupadhiviveke suññatappaṇihitānimittavimokkhe aññe ca lokiyalokuttare uttarimanussadhamme bhaji sevi bahulaṃ akāsi, tasmā bhattavāti vattabbe <span class="bld">bhagavā</span>ti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā <a name="V1.0204"></a> pana tīsu bhavesu taṇhāsaṅkhātaṃ gamanaṃ anena vantaṃ, tasmā bhavesu vantagamanoti vattabbe bhavasaddato bhakāraṃ gamanasaddato gakāraṃ vantasaddato vakārañca dīghaṃ katvā ādāya <span class="bld">bhagavā</span>ti vuccati yathā loke mehanassa khassa mālāti vattabbe mekhalāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para145"></a><span class="paranum">145</span>. Tassevaṃ iminā ca iminā ca kāraṇena so bhagavā arahaṃ…pe… iminā ca iminā ca kāraṇena bhagavāti buddhaguṇe anussarato neva tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na dosapariyuṭṭhitaṃ, na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ <a name="M1.0206"></a> cittaṃ hoti. Ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti tathāgatamārabbha (a. ni. 6.10). Iccassa evaṃ rāgādipariyuṭṭhānābhāvena vikkhambhitanīvaraṇassa kammaṭṭhānābhimukhatāya ujugatacittassa buddhaguṇapoṇā vitakkavicārā pavattanti. Buddhaguṇe anuvitakkayato anuvicārayato pīti uppajjati. Pītimanassa pītipadaṭṭhānāya passaddhiyā kāyacittadarathā paṭippassambhanti. Passaddhadarathassa kāyikampi cetasikampi sukhaṃ uppajjati. Sukhino buddhaguṇārammaṇaṃ hutvā cittaṃ samādhiyatīti anukkamena ekakkhaṇe jhānaṅgāni uppajjanti. Buddhaguṇānaṃ pana gambhīratāya nānappakāraguṇānussaraṇādhimuttatāya vā appanaṃ appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Tadetaṃ buddhaguṇānussaraṇavasena uppannattā buddhānussaticceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imañca pana buddhānussatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu satthari sagāravo hoti sappatisso, saddhāvepullaṃ sativepullaṃ paññāvepullaṃ puññavepullañca adhigacchati, pītipāmojjabahulo hoti, bhayabheravasaho dukkhādhivāsanasamattho, satthārā saṃvāsasaññaṃ paṭilabhati. Buddhaguṇānussatiyā ajjhāvutthañcassa sarīrampi cetiyagharamiva pūjārahaṃ hoti. Buddhabhūmiyaṃ cittaṃ namati. Vītikkamitabbavatthusamāyoge cassa sammukhā satthāraṃ passato viya hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhāti. Uttari appaṭivijjhanto pana sugatiparāyano hoti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā have appamādaṃ, kayirātha sumedhaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ mahānubhāvāya, buddhānussatiyā sadāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ tāva buddhānussatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">2. Dhammānussatikathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para146"></a><span class="paranum">146</span>. Dhammānussatiṃ <a name="V1.0205"></a> bhāvetukāmenāpi rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) evaṃ pariyattidhammassa ceva navavidhassa ca lokuttaradhammassa guṇā anussaritabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para147"></a><span class="paranum">147</span>. <span class="bld">Svākkhāto</span>ti imasmiṃ hi pade pariyattidhammopi saṅgahaṃ gacchati, itaresu lokuttaradhammova. Tattha pariyattidhammo tāva svākkhāto ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇattā <a name="M1.0207"></a> sātthasabyañjanakevalaparipuṇṇaparisuddhabrahmacariyappakāsanattā ca. Yañhi bhagavā ekagāthampi deseti, sā samantabhaddakattā dhammassa paṭhamapādena ādikalyāṇā, dutiyatatiyapādehi majjhekalyāṇā, pacchimapādena pariyosānakalyāṇā. Ekānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ nidānena ādikalyāṇaṃ, nigamanena pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sesena majjhekalyāṇaṃ. Nānānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ paṭhamānusandhinā ādikalyāṇaṃ, pacchimena pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sesehi majjhekalyāṇaṃ. Apica sanidānasauppattikattā ādikalyāṇaṃ, veneyyānaṃ anurūpato atthassa aviparītatāya ca hetudāharaṇayuttato ca majjhekalyāṇaṃ, sotūnaṃ saddhāpaṭilābhajananena nigamanena ca pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sakalopi sāsanadhammo attano atthabhūtena sīlena ādikalyāṇo, samathavipassanāmaggaphalehi majjhekalyāṇo, nibbānena pariyosānakalyāṇo. Sīlasamādhīhi vā ādikalyāṇo, vipassanāmaggehi majjhekalyāṇo, phalanibbānehi pariyosānakalyāṇo. Buddhasubodhitāya vā ādikalyāṇo, dhammasudhammatāya majjhekalyāṇo, saṅghasuppaṭippattiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo. Taṃ sutvā tathatthāya paṭipannena adhigantabbāya abhisambodhiyā vā ādikalyāṇo, paccekabodhiyā majjhekalyāṇo, sāvakabodhiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Suyyamāno cesa nīvaraṇavikkhambhanato savanenapi kalyāṇameva āvahatīti ādikalyāṇo, paṭipajjiyamāno samathavipassanāsukhāvahanato paṭipattiyāpi kalyāṇaṃ āvahatīti majjhekalyāṇo, tathāpaṭipanno ca paṭipattiphale niṭṭhite tādibhāvāvahanato paṭipattiphalenapi <a name="V1.0206"></a> kalyāṇaṃ āvahatīti pariyosānakalyāṇoti evaṃ ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇattā svākkhāto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yaṃ panesa bhagavā dhammaṃ desento sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ maggabrahmacariyañca pakāseti nānānayehi dīpeti, taṃ yathānurūpaṃ atthasampattiyā sātthaṃ, byañjanasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ. Saṅkāsanapakāsanavivaraṇavibhajanauttānīkaraṇapaññattiatthapadasamāyogato sātthaṃ, akkharapadabyañjanākāraniruttiniddesasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ. Atthagambhīratāpaṭivedhagambhīratāhi sātthaṃ, dhammagambhīratādesanāgambhīratāhi <a name="M1.0208"></a> sabyañjanaṃ. Atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāvisayato sātthaṃ, dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāvisayato sabyañjanaṃ. Paṇḍitavedanīyato parikkhakajanappasādakanti sātthaṃ, saddheyyato lokiyajanappasādakanti sabyañjanaṃ. Gambhīrādhippāyato sātthaṃ, uttānapadato sabyañjanaṃ. Upanetabbassa abhāvato sakalaparipuṇṇabhāvena kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ. Apanetabbassa abhāvato niddosabhāvena parisuddhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica paṭipattiyā adhigamabyattito sātthaṃ, pariyattiyā āgamabyattito sabyañjanaṃ, sīlādipañcadhammakkhandhayuttato kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ, nirupakkilesato nittaraṇatthāya pavattito lokāmisanirapekkhato ca parisuddhanti evaṃ sātthasabyañjanakevalaparipuṇṇaparisuddhabrahmacariyappakāsanato svākkhāto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atthavipallāsābhāvato vā suṭṭhu akkhātoti svākkhāto. Yathā hi aññatitthiyānaṃ dhammassa attho vipallāsamāpajjati, antarāyikāti vuttadhammānaṃ antarāyikattābhāvato, niyyānikāti vuttadhammānaṃ niyyānikattābhāvato. Tena te durakkhātadhammāyeva honti, na tathā bhagavato dhammassa attho vipallāsamāpajjati. Ime dhammā antarāyikā, ime dhammā niyyānikāti evaṃ vuttadhammānaṃ tathābhāvānatikkamanatoti. Evaṃ tāva pariyattidhammo svākkhāto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Lokuttaradhammo pana nibbānānurūpāya paṭipattiyā paṭipadānurūpassa ca nibbānassa akkhātattā svākkhāto. Yathāha – ‘‘supaññattā kho pana tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṃ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā saṃsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā ca. Seyyathāpi nāma gaṅgodakaṃ yamunodakena saṃsandati sameti, evameva supaññattā (dī. ni. 2.296) tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṃ <a name="V1.0207"></a> nibbānagāminī paṭipadā saṃsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā cā’’ti. Ariyamaggo cettha antadvayaṃ anupagamma majjhimā paṭipadābhūtova ‘‘majjhimā paṭipadā’’ti akkhātattā svākkhāto. Sāmaññaphalāni paṭipassaddhakilesāneva ‘‘paṭipassaddhakilesānī’’ti akkhātattā svākkhātāni. Nibbānaṃ sassatāmatatāṇaleṇādisabhāvameva sassatādisabhāvavasena akkhātattā svākkhātanti evaṃ lokuttaradhammopi svākkhāto.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para148"></a><span class="paranum">148</span>. <span class="bld">Sandiṭṭhiko</span>ti <a name="M1.0209"></a> ettha pana ariyamaggo tāva attano santāne rāgādīnaṃ abhāvaṃ karontena ariyapuggalena sāmaṃ daṭṭhabboti sandiṭṭhiko. Yathāha –‘‘ratto kho, brāhmaṇa, rāgena abhibhūto pariyādiṇṇacitto attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti. Cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Rāge pahīne neva attabyābādhāya ceteti, na parabyābādhāya ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāya ceteti, na cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Evampi kho, brāhmaṇa, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hotī’’ti(a. ni. 3.54). Apica navavidhopi lokuttaradhammo yena yena adhigato hoti, tena tena parasaddhāya gantabbataṃ hitvā paccavekkhaṇañāṇena sayaṃ daṭṭhabboti sandiṭṭhiko. Atha vā pasatthā diṭṭhi sandiṭṭhi, sandiṭṭhiyā jayatīti sandiṭṭhiko. Tathā hettha ariyamaggo sampayuttāya, ariyaphalaṃ kāraṇabhūtāya, nibbānaṃ visayibhūtāya sandiṭṭhiyā kilese jayati. Tasmā yathā rathena jayatīti rathiko, evaṃ navavidhopi lokuttaradhammo sandiṭṭhiyā jayatīti sandiṭṭhiko.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā diṭṭhanti dassanaṃ vuccati. Diṭṭhameva sandiṭṭhaṃ, dassananti attho. Sandiṭṭhaṃ arahatīti sandiṭṭhiko. Lokuttaradhammo hi bhāvanābhisamayavasena sacchikiriyābhisamayavasena ca dissamānoyeva vaṭṭabhayaṃ nivatteti. Tasmā yathā vatthaṃ arahatīti vatthiko, evaṃ sandiṭṭhaṃ arahatīti sandiṭṭhiko.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para149"></a><span class="paranum">149</span>. Attano phaladānaṃ sandhāya nāssa kāloti akālo. Akāloyeva <span class="bld">akāliko</span>. Na pañcāhasattāhādibhedaṃ kālaṃ khepetvā phalaṃ deti, attano pana pavattisamanantarameva phaladoti vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā attano phaladāne pakaṭṭho kālo patto assāti kāliko. Ko so? Lokiyo <a name="V1.0208"></a> kusaladhammo. Ayaṃ pana samanantaraphalattā na kālikoti akāliko. Idaṃ maggameva sandhāya vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para150"></a><span class="paranum">150</span>. ‘‘Ehi passa imaṃ dhamma’’nti evaṃ pavattaṃ ehipassavidhiṃ arahatīti <span class="bld">ehipassiko</span>. Kasmā panesa taṃ vidhiṃ arahatīti? Vijjamānattā parisuddhattā ca<a name="M1.0210"></a>. Rittamuṭṭhiyaṃ hi hiraññaṃ vā suvaṇṇaṃ vā atthīti vatvāpi ‘‘ehi passa ima’’nti na sakkā vattuṃ. Kasmā? Avijjamānattā. Vijjamānampi ca gūthaṃ vā muttaṃ vā manuññabhāvappakāsanena cittasampahaṃsanatthaṃ ‘‘ehi passa ima’’nti na sakkā vattuṃ. Apica kho pana tiṇehi vā paṇṇehi vā paṭicchādetabbameva hoti. Kasmā? Aparisuddhattā. Ayaṃ pana navavidhopi lokuttaradhammo sabhāvatova vijjamāno vigatavalāhake ākāse sampuṇṇacandamaṇḍalaṃ viya paṇḍukambale nikkhittajātimaṇi viya ca parisuddho. Tasmā vijjamānattā parisuddhattā ca ehipassavidhiṃ arahatīti ehipassiko.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para151"></a><span class="paranum">151</span>. Upanetabboti <span class="bld">opaneyyiko</span>. Ayaṃ panettha vinicchayo, upanayanaṃ upanayo, ādittaṃ celaṃ vā sīsaṃ vā ajjhupekkhitvāpi bhāvanāvasena attano citte upanayanaṃ arahatīti opanayiko. Opanayikova opaneyyiko. Idaṃ saṅkhate lokuttaradhamme yujjati. Asaṅkhate pana attano cittena upanayanaṃ arahatīti opaneyyiko. Sacchikiriyāvasena allīyanaṃ arahatīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā nibbānaṃ upanetīti ariyamaggo upaneyyo. Sacchikātabbataṃ upanetabboti phalanibbānadhammo upaneyyo. Upaneyyo eva opaneyyiko.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para152"></a><span class="paranum">152</span>. <span class="bld">Paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī</span>ti sabbehipi ugghaṭitaññūādīhi viññūhi attani attani veditabbo ‘‘bhāvito me maggo, adhigataṃ phalaṃ, sacchikato nirodho’’ti. Na hi upajjhāyena bhāvitena maggena saddhivihārikassa kilesā pahīyanti, na so tassa phalasamāpattiyā phāsuviharati, na tena sacchikataṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikaroti. Tasmā na esa parassa sīse ābharaṇaṃ viya daṭṭhabbo, attano pana citteyeva daṭṭhabbo, anubhavitabbo viññūhīti vuttaṃ hoti. Bālānaṃ pana avisayo cesa.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica <a name="M1.0211"></a><a name="V1.0209"></a> svākkhāto ayaṃ dhammo. Kasmā? Sandiṭṭhikattā. Sandiṭṭhiko, akālikattā. Akāliko, ehipassikattā. Yo ca ehipassiko, so nāma opaneyyiko hotīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para153"></a><span class="paranum">153</span>. Tassevaṃ svākkhātatādibhede dhammaguṇe anussarato neva tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti dhammaṃ ārabbhāti (a. ni. 6.10) purimanayeneva vikkhambhitanīvaraṇassa ekakkhaṇe jhānaṅgāni uppajjanti. Dhammaguṇānaṃ pana gambhīratāya nānappakāraguṇānussaraṇādhimuttatāya vā appanaṃ appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Tadetaṃ dhammaguṇānussaraṇavasena uppannattā dhammānussaticceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imañca pana dhammānussatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu evaṃ opaneyyikassa dhammassa desetāraṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāmi, na panetarahi aññatra tena bhagavatāti evaṃ dhammaguṇadassaneneva satthari sagāravo hoti sappatisso. Dhamme garucittīkāro saddhādivepullaṃ adhigacchati, pītipāmojjabahulo hoti, bhayabheravasaho, dukkhādhivāsanasamattho, dhammena saṃvāsasaññaṃ paṭilabhati, dhammaguṇānussatiyā ajjhāvutthañcassa sarīrampi cetiyagharamiva pūjārahaṃ hoti, anuttaradhammādhigamāya cittaṃ namati, vītikkamitabbavatthusamāyoge cassa dhammasudhammataṃ samanussarato hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhāti. Uttari appaṭivijjhanto pana sugatiparāyano hoti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā have appamādaṃ, kayirātha sumedhaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ mahānubhāvāya, dhammānussatiyā sadāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ dhammānussatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">3. Saṅghānussatikathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para154"></a><span class="paranum">154</span>. Saṅghānussatiṃ bhāvetukāmenāpi rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ujuppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ñāyappaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, sāmīcippaṭipanno <a name="V1.0210"></a> bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, yadidaṃ cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā<a name="M1.0212"></a>, esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho āhuneyyo, pāhuneyyo, dakkhiṇeyyo, añjalikaraṇīyo, anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) evaṃ ariyasaṅghaguṇā anussaritabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para155"></a><span class="paranum">155</span>. Tattha <span class="bld">suppaṭipanno</span>ti suṭṭhu paṭipanno, sammāpaṭipadaṃ anivattipaṭipadaṃ anulomapaṭipadaṃ apaccanīkapaṭipadaṃ dhammānudhammapaṭipadaṃ paṭipannoti vuttaṃ hoti. Bhagavato ovādānusāsaniṃ sakkaccaṃ suṇantīti sāvakā. Sāvakānaṃ saṅgho <span class="bld">sāvakasaṅgho,</span> sīladiṭṭhisāmaññatāya saṅghātabhāvamāpanno sāvakasamūhoti attho. Yasmā pana sā sammāpaṭipadā uju avaṅkā akuṭilā ajimhā, ariyo ca ñāyotipi vuccati, anucchavikattā ca sāmīcītipi saṅkhaṃ gatā. Tasmā tampaṭipanno ariyasaṅgho <span class="bld">ujuppaṭipanno ñāyappaṭipanno sāmīcippaṭipanno</span>tipi vutto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca ye maggaṭṭhā, te sammāpaṭipattisamaṅgitāya suppaṭipannā. Ye phalaṭṭhā, te sammāpaṭipadāya adhigantabbassa adhigatattā atītaṃ paṭipadaṃ sandhāya suppaṭipannāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica svākkhāte dhammavinaye yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipannattāpi apaṇṇakapaṭipadaṃ paṭipannattāpi <span class="bld">suppaṭipanno</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Majjhimāya paṭipadāya antadvayamanupagamma paṭipannattā kāyavacīmanovaṅkakuṭilajimhadosappahānāya paṭipannattā ca ujuppaṭipannattā ca <span class="bld">ujuppaṭipanno</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ñāyo vuccati nibbānaṃ. Tadatthāya paṭipannattā <span class="bld">ñāyappaṭipanno</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā paṭipannā sāmīcippaṭipannārahā honti, tathā paṭipannattā <span class="bld">sāmīcippaṭipanno</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para156"></a><span class="paranum">156</span>. <span class="bld">Yadida</span>nti yāni imāni. <span class="bld">Cattāri purisayugānī</span>ti yugaḷavasena paṭhamamaggaṭṭho phalaṭṭhoti idamekaṃ yugaḷanti evaṃ cattāri purisayugaḷāni honti. <span class="bld">Aṭṭha purisapuggalā</span>ti purisapuggalavasena eko paṭhamamaggaṭṭho eko phalaṭṭhoti iminā nayena aṭṭheva purisapuggalā honti<a name="V1.0211"></a>. Ettha ca purisoti vā puggaloti vā ekatthāni etāni padāni. Veneyyavasena panetaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho</span>ti yānimāni yugavasena <a name="M1.0213"></a> cattāri purisayugāni, pāṭiekkato aṭṭha purisapuggalā, esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, āhuneyyotiādīsu ānetvā hunitabbanti āhunaṃ, dūratopi ānetvā sīlavantesu dātabbanti attho. Catunnaṃ paccayānametamadhivacanaṃ. Taṃ āhunaṃ paṭiggahetuṃ yutto tassa mahapphalakaraṇatoti <span class="bld">āhuneyyo</span>. Atha vā dūratopi āgantvā sabbasāpateyyampi ettha hunitabbanti āhavanīyo. Sakkādīnampi vā āhavanaṃ arahatīti āhavanīyo. Yo cāyaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ āhavanīyo nāma aggi, yattha hutaṃ mahapphalanti tesaṃ laddhi. Sace hutassa mahapphalatāya āhavanīyo, saṅghova āhavanīyo. Saṅghe hutañhi mahapphalaṃ hoti. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yo ca vassasataṃ jantu, aggiṃ paricare vane;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Ekañca bhāvitattānaṃ, muhuttamapi pūjaye;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sāyeva pūjanā seyyo, yañce vassasataṃ huta’’nti. (dha. pa. 107);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tadetaṃ nikāyantare āhavanīyoti padaṃ idha āhuneyyoti iminā padena atthato ekaṃ. Byañjanato panettha kiñcimattameva nānaṃ. Iti <span class="bld">āhuneyyo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pāhuneyyo</span>ti ettha pana pāhunaṃ vuccati disāvidisato āgatānaṃ piyamanāpānaṃ ñātimittānamatthāya sakkārena paṭiyattaṃ āgantukadānaṃ. Tampi ṭhapetvā te tathārūpe pāhunake saṅghasseva dātuṃ yuttaṃ, saṅghova taṃ paṭiggahetuṃ yutto. Saṅghasadiso hi pāhunako natthi. Tathā hesa ekabuddhantare ca dissati, abbokiṇṇañca piyamanāpattakarehi dhammehi samannāgatoti. Evaṃ pāhunamassa dātuṃ yuttaṃ pāhunañca paṭiggahetuṃ yuttoti pāhuneyyo. Yesaṃ pana pāhavanīyoti pāḷi, tesaṃ yasmā saṅgho pubbakāramarahati, tasmā sabbapaṭhamaṃ ānetvā ettha hunitabbanti pāhavanīyo. Sabbappakārena vā āhavanamarahatīti pāhavanīyo. Svāyamidha teneva atthena pāhuneyyoti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dakkhiṇāti pana paralokaṃ saddahitvā dātabbadānaṃ vuccati. Taṃ dakkhiṇaṃ arahati, dakkhiṇāya vā hito yasmā naṃ mahapphalakaraṇatāya visodhetīti <span class="bld">dakkhiṇeyyo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ubho <a name="M1.0214"></a><a name="V1.0212"></a> hatthe sirasmiṃ patiṭṭhapetvā sabbalokena kayiramānaṃ añjalikammaṃ arahatīti <span class="bld">añjalikaraṇīyo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā</span>ti sabbalokassa asadisaṃ puññavirūhanaṭṭhānaṃ. Yathā hi rañño vā amaccassa vā sālīnaṃ vā yavānaṃ vā virūhanaṭṭhānaṃ rañño sālikkhettaṃ rañño yavakkhettanti vuccati, evaṃ saṅgho sabbalokassa puññānaṃ virūhanaṭṭhānaṃ. Saṅghaṃ nissāya hi lokassa nānappakārahitasukhasaṃvattanikāni puññāni virūhanti. Tasmā saṅgho anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para157"></a><span class="paranum">157</span>. Evaṃ suppaṭipannatādibhede saṅghaguṇe anussarato neva tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti saṅghaṃ ārabbhāti (a. ni. 6.10) purimanayeneva vikkhambhitanīvaraṇassa ekakkhaṇe jhānaṅgāni uppajjanti. Saṅghaguṇānaṃ pana gambhīratāya nānappakāraguṇānussaraṇādhimuttatāya vā appanaṃ appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Tadetaṃ saṅghaguṇānussaraṇavasena uppannattā saṅghānussaticceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imañca pana saṅghānussatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu saṅghe sagāravo hoti sappatisso. Saddhādivepullaṃ adhigacchati, pītipāmojjabahulo hoti, bhayabheravasaho, dukkhādhivāsanasamattho, saṅghena saṃvāsasaññaṃ paṭilabhati. Saṅghaguṇānussatiyā ajjhāvutthañcassa sarīraṃ sannipatitasaṅghamiva uposathāgāraṃ pūjārahaṃ hoti, saṅghaguṇādhigamāya cittaṃ namati, vītikkamitabbavatthusamāyoge cassa sammukhā saṅghaṃ passato viya hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhāti, uttari appaṭivijjhanto pana sugatiparāyano hoti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā have appamādaṃ, kayirātha sumedhaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ mahānubhāvāya, saṅghānussatiyā sadāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ saṅghānussatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">4. Sīlānussatikathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para158"></a><span class="paranum">158</span>. Sīlānussatiṃ <a name="M1.0215"></a><a name="V1.0213"></a> bhāvetukāmena pana rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘aho vata me sīlāni akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni bhujissāni viññuppasatthāni aparāmaṭṭhāni samādhisaṃvattanikānī’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) evaṃ akhaṇḍatādiguṇavasena attano sīlāni anussaritabbāni. Tāni ca gahaṭṭhena gahaṭṭhasīlāni, pabbajitena pabbajitasīlāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gahaṭṭhasīlāni vā hontu pabbajitasīlāni vā, yesaṃ ādimhi vā ante vā ekampi na bhinnaṃ, tāni pariyante chinnasāṭako viya na khaṇḍānīti <span class="bld">akhaṇḍāni</span>. Yesaṃ vemajjhe ekampi na bhinnaṃ, tāni majjhe vinividdhasāṭako viya na chiddānīti <span class="bld">acchiddāni</span>. Yesaṃ paṭipāṭiyā dve vā tīṇi vā na bhinnāni, tāni piṭṭhiyā vā kucchiyā vā uṭṭhitena dīghavaṭṭādisaṇṭhānena visabhāgavaṇṇena kāḷarattādīnaṃ aññatarasarīravaṇṇā gāvī viya na sabalānīti <span class="bld">asabalāni</span>. Yāni antarantarā na bhinnāni, tāni visabhāgabinduvicitrā gāvī viya na kammāsānīti <span class="bld">akammāsāni</span>. Avisesena vā sabbānipi sattavidhena methunasaṃyogena kodhupanāhādīhi ca pāpadhammehi anupahatattā akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni. Tāniyeva taṇhādāsabyato mocetvā bhujissabhāvakaraṇena <span class="bld">bhujissāni</span>. Buddhādīhi viññūhi pasatthattā <span class="bld">viññuppasatthāni</span>. Taṇhādiṭṭhīhi aparāmaṭṭhatāya kenaci vā ayaṃ te sīlesu dosoti evaṃ parāmaṭṭhuṃ asakkuṇeyyatāya <span class="bld">aparāmaṭṭhāni</span>. Upacārasamādhiṃ appanāsamādhiṃ vā, atha vā pana maggasamādhiṃ phalasamādhiñcāpi saṃvattentīti <span class="bld">samādhisaṃvattanikāni</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para159"></a><span class="paranum">159</span>. Evaṃ akhaṇḍatādiguṇavasena attano sīlāni anussarato nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti, sīlaṃ ārabbhāti purimanayeneva vikkhambhitanīvaraṇassa ekakkhaṇe jhānaṅgāni uppajjanti. Sīlaguṇānaṃ pana gambhīratāya nānappakāraguṇānussaraṇādhimuttatāya vā appanaṃ appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Tadetaṃ <a name="M1.0216"></a> sīlaguṇānussaraṇavasena uppannattā sīlānussaticceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imañca <a name="V1.0214"></a> pana sīlānussatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu sikkhāya sagāravo hoti sabhāgavutti, paṭisanthāre appamatto, attānuvādādibhayavirahito, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, saddhādivepullaṃ adhigacchati, pītipāmojjabahulo hoti. Uttari appaṭivijjhanto pana sugatiparāyano hoti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā have appamādaṃ, kayirātha sumedhaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ mahānubhāvāya, sīlānussatiyā sadāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ sīlānussatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">5. Cāgānussatikathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para160"></a><span class="paranum">160</span>. Cāgānussatiṃ bhāvetukāmena pana pakatiyā cāgādhimuttena niccappavattadānasaṃvibhāgena bhavitabbaṃ. Atha vā pana bhāvanaṃ ārabhantena ito dāni pabhuti sati paṭiggāhake antamaso ekālopamattampi dānaṃ adatvā na bhuñjissāmīti samādānaṃ katvā taṃdivasaṃ guṇavisiṭṭhesu paṭiggāhakesu yathāsatti yathābalaṃ dānaṃ datvā tattha nimittaṃ gaṇhitvā rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘lābhā vata me suladdhaṃ vata me, yohaṃ maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitāya pajāya vigatamalamaccherena cetasā viharāmi muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato’’ti evaṃ vigatamalamaccheratādiguṇavasena attano cāgo anussaritabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">lābhā vata me</span>ti mayhaṃ vata lābhā, ye ime ‘‘āyuṃ kho pana datvā āyussa bhāgī hoti dibbassa vā mānusassa vā’’ iti (a. ni. 5.37) ca, ‘‘dadaṃ piyo hoti bhajanti naṃ bahū’’ iti (a. ni. 5.34) ca, ‘‘dadamāno piyo hoti, sataṃ dhammaṃ anukkamaṃ’’ iti (a. ni. 5.35) ca evamādīhi nayehi bhagavatā dāyakassa lābhā saṃvaṇṇitā, te mayhaṃ avassaṃ bhāginoti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Suladdhaṃ vata me</span>ti yaṃ mayā idaṃ sāsanaṃ manussattaṃ vā laddhaṃ, taṃ suladdhaṃ vata me. Kasmā<a name="M1.0217"></a>? Yohaṃ maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitāya pajāya…pe… dānasaṃvibhāgaratoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="V1.0215"></a> <span class="bld">maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitāyā</span>ti maccheramalena abhibhūtāya. <span class="bld">Pajāyā</span>ti pajāyanavasena sattā vuccanti. Tasmā attano sampattīnaṃ parasādhāraṇabhāvamasahanalakkhaṇena cittassa pabhassarabhāvadūsakānaṃ kaṇhadhammānaṃ aññatarena maccheramalena abhibhūtesu sattesūti ayamettha attho. <span class="bld">Vigatamalamaccherenā</span>ti aññesampi rāgadosādimalānañceva maccherassa ca vigatattā vigatamalamaccherena. <span class="bld">Cetasā viharāmī</span>ti yathāvuttappakāracitto hutvā vasāmīti attho. Suttesu pana mahānāmasakkassa sotāpannassa sato nissayavihāraṃ pucchato nissayavihāravasena desitattā agāraṃ ajjhāvasāmīti vuttaṃ. Tattha abhibhavitvā vasāmīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Muttacāgo</span>ti vissaṭṭhacāgo. <span class="bld">Payatapāṇī</span>ti parisuddhahattho. Sakkaccaṃ sahatthā deyyadhammaṃ dātuṃ sadā dhotahatthoyevāti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Vossaggarato</span>ti vossajjanaṃ vossaggo, pariccāgoti attho. Tasmiṃ vossagge satatābhiyogavasena ratoti vossaggarato. <span class="bld">Yācayogo</span>ti yaṃ yaṃ pare yācanti, tassa tassa dānato yācanayogoti attho. Yājayogotipi pāṭho. Yajanasaṅkhātena yājena yuttoti attho. <span class="bld">Dānasaṃvibhāgarato</span>ti dāne ca saṃvibhāge ca rato. Ahañhi dānañca demi, attanā paribhuñjitabbatopi ca saṃvibhāgaṃ karomi, ettheva casmi ubhaye ratoti evaṃ anussaratīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para161"></a><span class="paranum">161</span>. Tassevaṃ vigatamalamaccheratādiguṇavasena attano cāgaṃ anussarato neva tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti cāgaṃ ārabbhāti (a. ni. 5.10) purimanayeneva vikkhambhitanīvaraṇassa ekakkhaṇe jhānaṅgāni uppajjanti. Cāgaguṇānaṃ pana gambhīratāya nānappakāracāgaguṇānussaraṇādhimuttatāya vā appanaṃ appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Tadetaṃ cāgaguṇānussaraṇavasena uppannattā cāgānussaticceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imañca <a name="M1.0218"></a> pana cāgānussatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu bhiyyoso mattāya cāgādhimutto hoti, alobhajjhāsayo, mettāya anulomakārī, visārado, pītipāmojjabahulo, uttari appaṭivijjhanto pana sugatiparāyano hoti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā <a name="V1.0216"></a> have appamādaṃ, kayirātha sumedhaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ mahānubhāvāya, cāgānussatiyā sadāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ cāgānussatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">6. Devatānussatikathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para162"></a><span class="paranum">162</span>. Devatānussatiṃ bhāvetukāmena pana ariyamaggavasena samudāgatehi saddhādīhi guṇehi samannāgatena bhavitabbaṃ. Tato rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘santi devā cātumahārājikā, santi devā tāvatiṃsā, yāmā, tusitā, nimmānaratino, paranimmitavasavattino, santi devā brahmakāyikā, santi devā tatuttari, yathārūpāya saddhāya samannāgatā tā devatā ito cutā tattha upapannā, mayhampi tathārūpā saddhā saṃvijjati. Yathārūpena sīlena. Yathārūpena sutena. Yathārūpena cāgena. Yathārūpāya paññāya samannāgatā tā devatā ito cutā tattha upapannā, mayhampi tathārūpā paññā saṃvijjatī’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) evaṃ devatā sakkhiṭṭhāne ṭhapetvā attano saddhādiguṇā anussaritabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sutte pana yasmiṃ mahānāma samaye ariyasāvako attano ca tāsañca devatānaṃ saddhañca sīlañca sutañca cāgañca paññañca anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hotīti vuttaṃ. Kiñcāpi vuttaṃ, atha kho taṃ sakkhiṭṭhāne ṭhapetabbadevatānaṃ attano saddhādīhi samānaguṇadīpanatthaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Aṭṭhakathāyañhi devatā sakkhiṭṭhāne ṭhapetvā attano guṇe anussaratīti daḷhaṃ katvā vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para163"></a><span class="paranum">163</span>. Tasmā pubbabhāge devatānaṃ guṇe anussaritvā aparabhāge attano saṃvijjamāne saddhādiguṇe anussarato cassa neva tasmiṃ samaye <a name="M1.0219"></a> rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti devatā ārabbhāti (a. ni. 6.10) purimanayeneva vikkhambhitanīvaraṇassa ekakkhaṇe jhānaṅgāni uppajjanti. Saddhādiguṇānaṃ pana gambhīratāya nānappakāraguṇānussaraṇādhimuttatāya vā appanaṃ <a name="V1.0217"></a> appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Tadetaṃ devatānaṃ guṇasadisasaddhādiguṇānussaraṇavasena devatānussaticceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imañca pana devatānussatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu devatānaṃ piyo hoti manāpo, bhiyyoso mattāya saddhādivepullaṃ adhigacchati, pītipāmojjabahulo viharati. Uttari appaṭivijjhanto pana sugatiparāyano hoti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā have appamādaṃ, kayirātha sumedhaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ mahānubhāvāya, devatānussatiyā sadāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ devatānussatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pakiṇṇakakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para164"></a><span class="paranum">164</span>. Yaṃ pana etāsaṃ vitthāradesanāyaṃ ‘‘ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti tathāgataṃ ārabbhā’’tiādīni vatvā ‘‘ujugatacitto kho pana, mahānāma, ariyasāvako labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ, pamuditassa pīti jāyatī’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) vuttaṃ, tattha itipi so bhagavātiādīnaṃ atthaṃ nissāya uppannaṃ tuṭṭhiṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">labhati atthaveda</span>nti vuttaṃ. Pāḷiṃ nissāya uppannaṃ tuṭṭhiṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">labhati dhammavedaṃ</span>. Ubhayavasena <span class="bld">labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojja</span>nti vuttanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yañca devatānussatiyaṃ devatā ārabbhāti vuttaṃ, taṃ pubbabhāge devatā ārabbha pavattacittavasena devatāguṇasadise vā devatābhāvanipphādake guṇe ārabbha pavattacittavasena vuttanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para165"></a><span class="paranum">165</span>. Imā <a name="M1.0220"></a> pana cha anussatiyo ariyasāvakānaññeva ijjhanti. Tesaṃ hi buddhadhammasaṅghaguṇā pākaṭā honti. Te ca akhaṇḍatādiguṇehi sīlehi, vigatamalamaccherena cāgena, mahānubhāvānaṃ devatānaṃ guṇasadisehi saddhādiguṇehi samannāgatā. Mahānāmasutte (a. ni. 6.10) ca <a name="V1.0218"></a> sotāpannassa nissayavihāraṃ puṭṭhena bhagavatā sotāpannassa nissayavihāradassanatthameva etā vitthārato kathitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gedhasuttepi ‘‘idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati, itipi so bhagavā…pe… ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti nikkhantaṃ muttaṃ vuṭṭhitaṃ gedhamhā. Gedhoti kho, bhikkhave, pañcannetaṃ kāmaguṇānamadhivacanaṃ. Idampi kho, bhikkhave, ārammaṇaṃ karitvā evamidhekacce sattā visujjhantī’’ti (a. ni. 6.25) evaṃ ariyasāvakassa anussativasena cittaṃ visodhetvā uttari paramatthavisuddhiadhigamatthāya kathitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āyasmatā mahākaccānena desite sambādhokāsasuttepi ‘‘acchariyaṃ, āvuso, abbhutaṃ, āvuso, yāvañcidaṃ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sambādhe okāsādhigamo anubuddho sattānaṃ visuddhiyā…pe… nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya yadidaṃ cha anussatiṭṭhānāni. Katamāni cha? Idhāvuso, ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati…pe… evamidhekacce sattā visuddhidhammā bhavantī’’ti (a. ni. 6.26) evaṃ ariyasāvakasseva paramatthavisuddhidhammatāya okāsādhigamavasena kathitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Uposathasuttepi ‘‘kathañca, visākhe, ariyūposatho hoti? Upakkiliṭṭhassa, visākhe, cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti. Kathañca, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti? Idha, visākhe, ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussaratī’’ti (a. ni. 3.71) evaṃ ariyasāvakasseva uposathaṃ upavasato cittavisodhanakammaṭṭhānavasena uposathassa mahapphalabhāvadassanatthaṃ kathitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekādasanipātepi ‘‘saddho kho, mahānāma, ārādhako hoti, no assaddho. Āraddhavīriyo, upaṭṭhitasati, samāhito, paññavā, mahānāma<a name="M1.0221"></a>, ārādhako hoti, no duppañño. Imesu kho tvaṃ, mahānāma, pañcasu dhammesu patiṭṭhāya cha dhamme uttari bhāveyyāsi. Idha tvaṃ, mahānāma, tathāgataṃ anussareyyāsi itipi so bhagavā’’ti (a. ni. 11.11) evaṃ ariyasāvakasseva ‘‘tesaṃ no, bhante, nānāvihārena viharataṃ kenassa vihārena viharitabba’’nti pucchato vihāradassanatthaṃ kathitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para166"></a><span class="paranum">166</span>. Evaṃ <a name="V1.0219"></a> santepi parisuddhasīlādiguṇasamannāgatena puthujjanenāpi manasi kātabbā. Anussavavasenāpi hi buddhādīnaṃ guṇe anussarato cittaṃ pasīdatiyeva. Yassānubhāvena nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhetvā uḷārapāmojjo vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā arahattaṃyeva sacchikareyya kaṭaandhakāravāsī <span class="bld">phussadevatthero</span> viya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So kirāyasmā mārena nimmitaṃ buddharūpaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ tāva sarāgadosamoho evaṃ sobhati, kathaṃ nu kho bhagavā na sobhati, so hi sabbaso vītarāgadosamoho’’ti buddhārammaṇaṃ pītiṃ paṭilabhitvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇīti.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge</p>
<p class="centered">Samādhibhāvanādhikāre</p>
<p class="centered">Chaanussatiniddeso nāma</p>
<p class="centered">Sattamo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="chapter">8. Anussatikammaṭṭhānaniddeso</p>
<p class="subhead">Maraṇassatikathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para167"></a><span class="paranum">167</span>. Idāni <a name="M1.0222"></a><a name="V1.0220"></a> ito anantarāya maraṇassatiyā bhāvanāniddeso anuppatto. Tattha <span class="bld">maraṇa</span>nti ekabhavapariyāpannassa jīvitindriyassa upacchedo. Yaṃ panetaṃ arahantānaṃ vaṭṭadukkhasamucchedasaṅkhātaṃ <span class="bld">samucchedamaraṇaṃ,</span> saṅkhārānaṃ khaṇabhaṅgasaṅkhātaṃ <span class="bld">khaṇikamaraṇaṃ,</span> rukkho mato lohaṃ matantiādīsu <span class="bld">sammutimaraṇañca,</span> na taṃ idha adhippetaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yampi cetaṃ adhippetaṃ, taṃ kālamaraṇaṃ akālamaraṇanti duvidhaṃ hoti. Tattha kālamaraṇaṃ puññakkhayena vā āyukkhayena vā ubhayakkhayena vā hoti. Akālamaraṇaṃ kammupacchedakakammavasena.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yaṃ vijjamānāyapi āyusantānajanakapaccayasampattiyā kevalaṃ paṭisandhijanakassa kammassa vipakkavipākattā maraṇaṃ hoti, idaṃ <span class="bld">puññakkhayena maraṇaṃ</span> nāma. Yaṃ gatikālāhārādisampattiyā abhāvena ajjatanakālapurisānaṃ viya vassasatamattaparimāṇassa āyuno khayavasena maraṇaṃ hoti, idaṃ <span class="bld">āyukkhayena maraṇaṃ</span> nāma. Yaṃ pana dūsīmārakalāburājādīnaṃ viya taṅkhaṇaññeva ṭhānācāvanasamatthena kammunā upacchinnasantānānaṃ, purimakammavasena vā satthaharaṇādīhi upakkamehi upacchijjamānasantānānaṃ maraṇaṃ hoti, idaṃ <span class="bld">akālamaraṇaṃ</span> nāma. Taṃ sabbampi vuttappakārena jīvitindriyupacchedena saṅgahitaṃ. Iti jīvitindriyupacchedasaṅkhātassa maraṇassa saraṇaṃ maraṇassati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para168"></a><span class="paranum">168</span>. Taṃ bhāvetukāmena rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘maraṇaṃ bhavissati, jīvitindriyaṃ upacchijjissatī’’ti vā, ‘‘maraṇaṃ maraṇa’’nti vā yoniso manasikāro pavattetabbo. Ayoniso <a name="V1.0221"></a> pavattayato hi iṭṭhajanamaraṇānussaraṇe soko uppajjati vijātamātuyā piyaputtamaraṇānussaraṇe viya. Aniṭṭhajanamaraṇānussaraṇe pāmojjaṃ uppajjati verīnaṃ verimaraṇānussaraṇe viya. Majjhattajanamaraṇānussaraṇe saṃvego na uppajjati matakaḷevaradassane chavaḍāhakassa viya. Attano maraṇānussaraṇe santāso uppajjati ukkhittāsikaṃ vadhakaṃ disvā bhīrukajātikassa <a name="M1.0223"></a> viya. Tadetaṃ sabbampi satisaṃvegañāṇavirahato hoti. Tasmā tattha tattha hatamatasatte oloketvā diṭṭhapubbasampattīnaṃ sattānaṃ matānaṃ maraṇaṃ āvajjetvā satiñca saṃvegañca ñāṇañca yojetvā ‘‘maraṇaṃ bhavissatī’’tiādinā nayena manasikāro pavattetabbo. Evaṃ pavattento hi yoniso pavatteti, upāyena pavattetīti attho. Evaṃ pavattayatoyeva hi ekaccassa nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhanti, maraṇārammaṇā sati saṇṭhāti, upacārappattameva kammaṭṭhānaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para169"></a><span class="paranum">169</span>. Yassa pana ettāvatā na hoti, tena vadhakapaccupaṭṭhānato, sampattivipattito, upasaṃharaṇato, kāyabahusādhāraṇato, āyudubbalato, animittato, addhānaparicchedato, khaṇaparittatoti imehi aṭṭhahākārehi maraṇaṃ anussaritabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">vadhakapaccupaṭṭhānato</span>ti vadhakassa viya paccupaṭṭhānato. Yathā hi imassa sīsaṃ chindissāmīti asiṃ gahetvā gīvāya cārayamāno vadhako paccupaṭṭhitova hoti, evaṃ maraṇampi paccupaṭṭhitamevāti anussaritabbaṃ. Kasmā? Saha jātiyā āgatato, jīvitaharaṇato ca. Yathā hi ahicchattakamakuḷaṃ matthakena paṃsuṃ gahetvāva uggacchati, evaṃ sattā jarāmaraṇaṃ gahetvāva nibbattanti. Tathā hi nesaṃ paṭisandhicittaṃ uppādānantarameva jaraṃ patvā pabbatasikharato patitasilā viya bhijjati saddhiṃ sampayuttakhandhehi. Evaṃ khaṇikamaraṇaṃ tāva saha jātiyā āgataṃ. Jātassa pana avassaṃ maraṇato idhādhippetamaraṇampi saha jātiyā āgataṃ. Tasmā esa satto jātakālato paṭṭhāya yathā nāma uṭṭhito sūriyo atthābhimukho gacchateva, gatagataṭṭhānato īsakampi na nivattati. Yathā vā nadī pabbateyyā sīghasotā hārahārinī sandateva vattateva īsakampi na nivattati, evaṃ īsakampi anivattamāno maraṇābhimukhova yāti. Tena vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yamekarattiṃ <a name="V1.0222"></a> paṭhamaṃ, gabbhe vasati māṇavo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Abbhuṭṭhitova so yāti, sa gacchaṃ na nivattatī’’ti. (jā. 1.15.363);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ gacchato cassa gimhābhitattānaṃ kunnadīnaṃ khayo viya, pāto āporasānugatabandhanānaṃ dumapphalānaṃ patanaṃ viya, muggarābhitāḷitānaṃ mattikabhājanānaṃ bhedo <a name="M1.0224"></a> viya, sūriyarasmisamphuṭṭhānaṃ ussāvabindūnaṃ viddhaṃsanaṃ viya ca maraṇameva āsannaṃ hoti. Tenāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Accayanti ahorattā, jīvitamuparujjhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Āyu khīyati maccānaṃ, kunnadīnaṃva odakaṃ. (saṃ. ni. 1.146);</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Phalānamiva pakkānaṃ, pāto papatato bhayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ jātāna maccānaṃ, niccaṃ maraṇato bhayaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yathāpi kumbhakārassa, kataṃ mattikabhājanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Khuddakañca mahantañca, yaṃ pakkaṃ yañca āmakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sabbaṃ bhedanapariyantaṃ, evaṃ maccāna jīvitaṃ’. (su. ni. 581-582);</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ussāvova tiṇaggamhi, sūriyuggamanaṃ pati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evamāyu manussānaṃ, mā maṃ amma nivārayā’’ti. (jā. 1.11.79);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ ukkhittāsiko vadhako viya saha jātiyā āgataṃ panetaṃ maraṇaṃ gīvāya asiṃ cārayamāno so vadhako viya jīvitaṃ haratiyeva, na aharitvā nivattati. Tasmā saha jātiyā āgatato, jīvitaharaṇato ca ukkhittāsiko vadhako viya maraṇampi paccupaṭṭhitamevāti evaṃ vadhakapaccupaṭṭhānato maraṇaṃ anussaritabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para170"></a><span class="paranum">170</span>. <span class="bld">Sampattivipattito</span>ti idha sampatti nāma tāvadeva sobhati, yāva naṃ vipatti nābhibhavati, na ca sā sampatti nāma atthi, yā vipattiṃ atikkamma tiṭṭheyya. Tathā hi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sakalaṃ <a name="V1.0223"></a> mediniṃ bhutvā, datvā koṭisataṃ sukhī;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Aḍḍhāmalakamattassa, ante issarataṃ gato.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Teneva dehabandhena, puññamhi khayamāgate;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Maraṇābhimukho sopi, asoko sokamāgato’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica <a name="M1.0225"></a> sabbaṃ ārogyaṃ byādhipariyosānaṃ, sabbaṃ yobbanaṃ jarāpariyosānaṃ, sabbaṃ jīvitaṃ maraṇapariyosānaṃ, sabboyeva lokasannivāso jātiyā anugato, jarāya anusaṭo, byādhinā abhibhūto, maraṇena abbhāhato. Tenāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yathāpi selā vipulā, nabhaṃ āhacca pabbatā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samantā anupariyeyyuṃ, nippothentā catuddisā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Evaṃ jarā ca maccu ca, adhivattanti pāṇine;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Khattiye brāhmaṇe vesse, sudde caṇḍālapukkuse;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na kiñci parivajjeti, sabbamevābhimaddati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Na tattha hatthīnaṃ bhūmi, na rathānaṃ na pattiyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na cāpi mantayuddhena, sakkā jetuṃ dhanena vā’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.136);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ jīvitasampattiyā maraṇavipattipariyosānataṃ vavatthapentena sampattivipattito maraṇaṃ anussaritabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para171"></a><span class="paranum">171</span>. <span class="bld">Upasaṃharaṇato</span>ti parehi saddhiṃ attano upasaṃharaṇato. Tattha sattahākārehi upasaṃharaṇato maraṇaṃ anussaritabbaṃ, yasamahattato, puññamahattato, thāmamahattato, iddhimahattato, paññāmahattato, paccekabuddhato, sammāsambuddhatoti. Kathaṃ? Idaṃ maraṇaṃ nāma mahāyasānaṃ mahāparivārānaṃ <a name="V1.0224"></a> sampannadhanavāhanānaṃ mahāsammatamandhātumahāsudassana daḷhanemi nimippabhutīnampi upari nirāsaṅkameva patitaṃ, kimaṅgaṃ pana mayhaṃ upari na patissati?</p>
<p class="gatha1">Mahāyasā rājavarā, mahāsammataādayo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tepi maccuvasaṃ pattā, mādisesu kathāva kāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ tāva <span class="bld">yasamahattato</span> anussaritabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ puññamahattato?</p>
<p class="gatha1">Jotiko jaṭilo uggo, meṇḍako atha puṇṇako;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Ete caññe ca ye loke, mahāpuññāti vissutā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sabbe maraṇamāpannā, mādisesu kathāva kāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <span class="bld">puññamahattato</span> anussaritabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ <a name="M1.0226"></a> thāmamahattato?</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vāsudevo baladevo, bhīmaseno yudhiṭṭhilo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Cānuro yo mahāmallo, antakassa vasaṃ gatā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evaṃ thāmabalūpetā, iti lokamhi vissutā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Etepi maraṇaṃ yātā, mādisesu kathāva kāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <span class="bld">thāmamahattato</span> anussaritabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ iddhimahattato?</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pādaṅguṭṭhakamattena<a name="V1.0225"></a>, vejayantamakampayi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yo nāmiddhimataṃ seṭṭho, dutiyo aggasāvako.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sopi maccumukhaṃ ghoraṃ, migo sīhamukhaṃ viya;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paviṭṭho saha iddhīhi, mādisesu kathāva kāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <span class="bld">iddhimahattato</span> anussaritabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ paññāmahattato?</p>
<p class="gatha1">Lokanāthaṃ ṭhapetvāna, ye caññe atthi pāṇino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paññāya sāriputtassa, kalaṃ nāgghanti soḷasiṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evaṃ nāma mahāpañño, paṭhamo aggasāvako;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Maraṇassa vasaṃ patto, mādisesu kathāva kāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <span class="bld">paññāmahattato</span> anussaritabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ paccekabuddhato? Yepi te attano ñāṇavīriyabalena sabbakilesasattunimmathanaṃ katvā paccekabodhiṃ pattā khaggavisāṇakappā sayambhuno, tepi maraṇato na muttā, kuto panāhaṃ muccissāmīti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Taṃ taṃ nimittamāgamma, vīmaṃsantā mahesayo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sayambhuññāṇatejena, ye pattā āsavakkhayaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ekacariyanivāsena, khaggasiṅgasamūpamā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tepi nātigatā maccuṃ, mādisesu kathāva kāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M1.0227"></a><a name="V1.0226"></a> <span class="bld">paccekabuddhato</span> anussaritabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ sammāsambuddhato? Yopi so bhagavā asītianubyañjanapaṭimaṇḍitadvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇavicitrarūpakāyo sabbākāraparisuddhasīlakkhandhādiguṇaratanasamiddhadhammakāyo yasamahattapuññamahattathāmamahattaiddhimahattapaññāmahattānaṃ pāraṃ gato asamo asamasamo appaṭipuggalo arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, sopi salilavuṭṭhinipātena mahāaggikkhandho viya maraṇavuṭṭhinipātena ṭhānaso vūpasanto.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evaṃ mahānubhāvassa, yaṃ nāmetaṃ mahesino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Na bhayena na lajjāya, maraṇaṃ vasamāgataṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Nillajjaṃ vītasārajjaṃ, sabbasattābhimaddanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tayidaṃ mādisaṃ sattaṃ, kathaṃ nābhibhavissatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <span class="bld">sammāsambuddhato</span> anussaritabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassevaṃ yasamahattatādisampannehi parehi saddhiṃ maraṇasāmaññatāya attānaṃ upasaṃharitvā tesaṃ viya sattavisesānaṃ mayhampi maraṇaṃ bhavissatīti anussarato upacārappattaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ hotīti. Evaṃ upasaṃharaṇato maraṇaṃ anussaritabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para172"></a><span class="paranum">172</span>. <span class="bld">Kāyabahusādhāraṇato</span>ti ayaṃ kāyo bahusādhāraṇo. Asītiyā tāva kimikulānaṃ sādhāraṇo, tattha chavinissitā pāṇā chaviṃ khādanti, cammanissitā cammaṃ khādanti, maṃsanissitā maṃsaṃ khādanti, nhārunissitā nhāruṃ khādanti, aṭṭhinissitā aṭṭhiṃ khādanti, miñjanissitā miñjaṃ khādanti. Tattheva jāyanti jīyanti mīyanti, uccārapassāvaṃ karonti. Kāyova nesaṃ sūtigharañceva gilānasālā ca susānañca vaccakuṭi ca passāvadoṇikā ca. Svāyaṃ tesampi kimikulānaṃ pakopena maraṇaṃ nigacchatiyeva. Yathā ca asītiyā kimikulānaṃ, evaṃ ajjhattikānaṃyeva anekasatānaṃ rogānaṃ bāhirānañca ahivicchikādīnaṃ maraṇassa paccayānaṃ sādhāraṇo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā <a name="V1.0227"></a> hi catumahāpathe ṭhapite lakkhamhi sabbadisāhi āgatā sarasattitomarapāsāṇādayo nipatanti, evaṃ kāyepi sabbupaddavā nipatanti<a name="M1.0228"></a>. Svāyaṃ tesampi upaddavānaṃ nipātena maraṇaṃ nigacchatiyeva. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu divase nikkhante rattiyā paṭihitāya iti paṭisañcikkhati, bahukā kho me paccayā maraṇassa, ahi vā maṃ ḍaṃseyya, vicchiko vā maṃ ḍaṃseyya, satapadī vā maṃ ḍaṃseyya, tena me assa kālaṅkiriyā, so mamassa antarāyo, upakkhalitvā vā papateyyaṃ, bhattaṃ vā me bhuttaṃ byāpajjeyya, pittaṃ vā me kuppeyya, semhaṃ vā me kuppeyya, satthakā vā me vātā kuppeyyuṃ, tena me assa kālaṅkiriyā, so mamassa antarāyo’’ti. Evaṃ (a. ni. 6.20) kāyabahusādhāraṇato maraṇaṃ anussaritabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para173"></a><span class="paranum">173</span>. <span class="bld">Āyudubbalato</span>ti āyu nāmetaṃ abalaṃ dubbalaṃ. Tathā hi sattānaṃ jīvitaṃ assāsapassāsūpanibaddhañceva iriyāpathūpanibaddhañca sītuṇhūpanibaddhañca mahābhūtūpanibaddhañca āhārūpanibaddhañca. Tadetaṃ assāsapassāsānaṃ samavuttitaṃ labhamānameva pavattati. Bahi nikkhantanāsikavāte pana anto apavisante, paviṭṭhe vā anikkhamante mato nāma hoti. Catunnaṃ iriyāpathānampi samavuttitaṃ labhamānameva pavattati. Aññataraññatarassa pana adhimattatāya āyusaṅkhārā upacchijjanti. Sītuṇhānampi samavuttitaṃ labhamānameva pavattati. Atisītena pana atiuṇhena vā abhibhūtassa vipajjati. Mahābhūtānampi samavuttitaṃ labhamānameva pavattati. Pathavīdhātuyā pana āpodhātuādīnaṃ vā aññataraññatarassa pakopena balasampannopi puggalo patthaddhakāyo vā atisārādivasena kilinnapūtikāyo vā mahāḍāhapareto vā sambhijjamānasandhibandhano vā hutvā jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpuṇāti. Kabaḷīkārāhārampi yuttakāle labhantasseva jīvitaṃ pavattati, āhāraṃ alabhamānassa pana parikkhayaṃ gacchatīti. Evaṃ āyudubbalato maraṇaṃ anussaritabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para174"></a><span class="paranum">174</span>. <span class="bld">Animittato</span>ti avavatthānato, paricchedābhāvatoti attho. Sattānaṃ hi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Jīvitaṃ byādhi kālo ca, dehanikkhepanaṃ gati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pañcete jīvalokasmiṃ, animittā na nāyare.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M1.0229"></a> <span class="bld">jīvitaṃ</span> tāva ‘‘ettakameva jīvitabbaṃ, na ito para’’nti vavatthānābhāvato animittaṃ<a name="V1.0228"></a>. Kalalakālepi hi sattā maranti, abbudapesighanamāsikadvemāsatemāsacatumāsapañcamāsadasamāsakālepi. Kucchito nikkhantasamayepi. Tato paraṃ vassasatassa antopi bahipi marantiyeva. <span class="bld">Byādhi</span>pi ‘‘imināva byādhinā sattā maranti, nāññenā’’ti vavatthānābhāvato animitto. Cakkhurogenāpi hi sattā maranti, sotarogādīnaṃ aññatarenāpi. <span class="bld">Kālo</span>pi ‘‘imasmiṃyeva kāle maritabbaṃ, nāññasmi’’nti evaṃ vavatthānābhāvato animitto. Pubbaṇhepi hi sattā maranti, majjhanhikādīnaṃ aññatarasmimpi. <span class="bld">Dehanikkhepana</span>mpi ‘‘idheva mīyamānānaṃ dehena patitabbaṃ, nāññatrā’’ti evaṃ vavatthānābhāvato animittaṃ. Antogāme jātānaṃ hi bahigāmepi attabhāvo patati. Bahigāme jātānampi antogāme. Tathā thalajānaṃ vā jale, jalajānaṃ vā thaleti anekappakārato vitthāretabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Gati</span>pi ‘‘ito cutena idha nibbattitabba’’nti evaṃ vavatthānābhāvato animittā. Devalokato hi cutā manussesupi nibbattanti, manussalokato cutā devalokādīnampi yattha katthaci nibbattantīti evaṃ yantayuttagoṇo viya gatipañcake loko samparivattatīti evaṃ animittato maraṇaṃ anussaritabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para175"></a><span class="paranum">175</span>. <span class="bld">Addhānaparicchedato</span>ti manussānaṃ jīvitassa nāma etarahi paritto addhā. Yo ciraṃ jīvati, so vassasataṃ, appaṃ vā bhiyyo. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘appamidaṃ, bhikkhave, manussānaṃ āyu, gamanīyo samparāyo, kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ, caritabbaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, natthi jātassa amaraṇaṃ. Yo, bhikkhave, ciraṃ jīvati, so vassasataṃ, appaṃ vā bhiyyoti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Appamāyumanussānaṃ, hīḷeyya naṃ suporiso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Careyyādittasīsova, natthi maccussa nāgamoti. (saṃ. ni. 1.145);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparampi āha – ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, arako nāma satthā ahosī’’ti sabbampi sattahi upamāhi alaṅkataṃ suttaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparampi āha – ‘‘yocāyaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃ maraṇassatiṃ bhāveti, aho vatāhaṃ rattindivaṃ jīveyyaṃ, bhagavato sāsanaṃ manasikareyyaṃ, bahuṃ vata me kataṃ assāti. Yocāyaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃ maraṇassatiṃ bhāveti<a name="M1.0230"></a>, aho vatāhaṃ divasaṃ jīveyyaṃ, bhagavato sāsanaṃ manasikareyyaṃ, bahuṃ vata me kataṃ assāti. Yo cāyaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃ <a name="V1.0229"></a> maraṇassatiṃ bhāveti, aho vatāhaṃ tadantaraṃ jīveyyaṃ, yadantaraṃ ekaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjāmi, bhagavato sāsanaṃ manasikareyyaṃ, bahuṃ vata me kataṃ assāti. Yo cāyaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃ maraṇassatiṃ bhāveti, aho vatāhaṃ tadantaraṃ jīveyyaṃ, yadantaraṃ cattāro pañca ālope saṅkhāditvā ajjhoharāmi, bhagavato sāsanaṃ manasikareyyaṃ, bahuṃ vata me kataṃ assāti. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, bhikkhū pamattā viharanti, dandhaṃ maraṇassatiṃ bhāventi āsavānaṃ khayāya. Yo ca khvāyaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃ maraṇassatiṃ bhāveti, aho vatāhaṃ tadantaraṃ jīveyyaṃ, yadantaraṃ ekaṃ ālopaṃ saṅkhāditvā ajjhoharāmi, bhagavato sāsanaṃ manasikareyyaṃ, bahuṃ vata me kataṃ assāti. Yo cāyaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃ maraṇassatiṃ bhāveti, aho vatāhaṃ tadantaraṃ jīveyyaṃ, yadantaraṃ assasitvā vā passasāmi, passasitvā vā assasāmi, bhagavato sāsanaṃ manasikareyyaṃ, bahuṃ vata me kataṃ assāti. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, bhikkhū appamattā viharanti, tikkhaṃ maraṇassatiṃ bhāventi āsavānaṃ khayāyā’’ti (a. ni. 6.19). Evaṃ catupañcālopasaṅkhādanamattaṃ avissāsiyo paritto jīvitassa addhāti evaṃ addhānaparicchedato maraṇaṃ anussaritabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para176"></a><span class="paranum">176</span>. <span class="bld">Khaṇaparittato</span>ti paramatthato hi atiparitto sattānaṃ jīvitakkhaṇo ekacittappavattimattoyeva. Yathā nāma rathacakkaṃ pavattamānampi ekeneva nemippadesena pavattati, tiṭṭhamānampi ekeneva tiṭṭhati, evameva ekacittakkhaṇikaṃ sattānaṃ jīvitaṃ. Tasmiṃ citte niruddhamatte satto niruddhoti vuccati. Yathāha – ‘‘atīte cittakkhaṇe jīvittha, na jīvati, na jīvissati. Anāgate cittakkhaṇe na jīvittha, na jīvati, jīvissati. Paccuppanne cittakkhaṇe na jīvittha, jīvati, na jīvissati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Jīvitaṃ attabhāvo ca, sukhadukkhā ca kevalā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ekacittasamāyuttā, lahu so vattate khaṇo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ye niruddhā marantassa, tiṭṭhamānassa vā idha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sabbepi sadisā khandhā, gatā appaṭisandhikā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Anibbattena <a name="M1.0231"></a><a name="V1.0230"></a> na jāto, paccuppannena jīvati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Cittabhaṅgā mato loko, paññatti paramatthiyā’’ti. (mahāni. 39);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ khaṇaparittato maraṇaṃ anussaritabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para177"></a><span class="paranum">177</span>. Iti imesaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ ākārānaṃ aññataraññatarena anussaratopi punappunaṃ manasikāravasena cittaṃ āsevanaṃ labhati, maraṇārammaṇā sati santiṭṭhati, nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhanti, jhānaṅgāni pātubhavanti. Sabhāvadhammattā pana saṃvejanīyattā ca ārammaṇassa appanaṃ appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Lokuttarajjhānaṃ pana dutiyacatutthāni ca āruppajjhānāni sabhāvadhammepi bhāvanāvisesena appanaṃ pāpuṇanti. Visuddhibhāvanānukkamavasena hi lokuttaraṃ appanaṃ pāpuṇāti. Ārammaṇātikkamabhāvanāvasena āruppaṃ. Appanāpattasseva hi jhānassa ārammaṇasamatikkamanamattaṃ tattha hoti. Idha pana tadubhayampi natthi. Tasmā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Tadetaṃ maraṇassatibalena uppannattā maraṇassaticceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imañca pana maraṇassatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu satataṃ appamatto hoti, sabbabhavesu anabhiratisaññaṃ paṭilabhati, jīvitanikantiṃ jahāti, pāpagarahī hoti, asannidhibahulo parikkhāresu vigatamalamacchero, aniccasaññā cassa paricayaṃ gacchati, tadanusāreneva dukkhasaññā anattasaññā ca upaṭṭhāti. Yathā abhāvitamaraṇā sattā sahasā vāḷamigayakkhasappacoravadhakābhibhūtā viya maraṇasamaye bhayaṃ santāsaṃ sammohaṃ āpajjanti, evaṃ anāpajjitvā abhayo asammūḷho kālaṃ karoti. Sace diṭṭheva dhamme amataṃ nārādheti, kāyassa bhedā sugatiparāyano hoti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā have appamādaṃ, kayirātha sumedhaso;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ mahānubhāvāya, maraṇassatiyā sadāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ maraṇassatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Kāyagatāsatikathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para178"></a><span class="paranum">178</span>. Idāni <a name="M1.0232"></a><a name="V1.0231"></a> yaṃ taṃ aññatra buddhuppādā appavattapubbaṃ sabbatitthiyānaṃ avisayabhūtaṃ tesu tesu suttantesu ‘‘ekadhammo, bhikkhave, bhāvito bahulīkato mahato saṃvegāya saṃvattati. Mahato atthāya saṃvattati. Mahato yogakkhemāya saṃvattati. Mahato satisampajaññāya saṃvattati. Ñāṇadassanapaṭilābhāya saṃvattati. Diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārāya saṃvattati. Vijjāvimuttiphalasacchikiriyāya saṃvattati. Katamo ekadhammo? Kāyagatā sati… (a. ni. 1.563 ādayo). Amataṃ te, bhikkhave, paribhuñjanti, ye kāyagatāsatiṃ paribhuñjanti. Amataṃ te, bhikkhave, na paribhuñjanti, ye kāyagatāsatiṃ na paribhuñjanti. Amataṃ tesaṃ, bhikkhave, paribhuttaṃ… aparibhuttaṃ… parihīnaṃ… aparihīnaṃ… viraddhaṃ… aviraddhaṃ, yesaṃ kāyagatāsati āraddhāti (a. ni. 1.603) evaṃ bhagavatā anekehi ākārehi pasaṃsitvā ‘‘kathaṃ bhāvitā, bhikkhave, kāyagatāsati kathaṃ bahulīkatā mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṃsā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu araññagato vā’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 3.154) nayena ānāpānapabbaṃ, iriyāpathapabbaṃ, catusampajaññapabbaṃ, paṭikkūlamanasikārapabbaṃ, dhātumanasikārapabbaṃ, navasivathikapabbānīti imesaṃ cuddasannaṃ pabbānaṃ vasena kāyagatāsatikammaṭṭhānaṃ niddiṭṭhaṃ, tassa bhāvanāniddeso anuppatto.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yasmā iriyāpathapabbaṃ catusampajaññapabbaṃ dhātumanasikārapabbanti imāni tīṇi vipassanāvasena vuttāni. Nava sivathikapabbāni vipassanāñāṇesuyeva ādīnavānupassanāvasena vuttāni. Yāpi cettha uddhumātakādīsu samādhibhāvanā ijjheyya, sā asubhaniddese pakāsitāyeva. Ānāpānapabbaṃ pana paṭikkūlamanasikārapabbañca imānevettha dve samādhivasena vuttāni. Tesu ānāpānapabbaṃ ānāpānassativasena visuṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃyeva. Yaṃ panetaṃ ‘‘puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ uddhaṃ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā tacapariyantaṃ pūraṃ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati. Atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā lomā…pe… mutta’’nti (ma. ni. 3.154) evaṃ <span class="bld">matthaluṅgaṃ aṭṭhimiñjena saṅgahetvā</span> paṭikkūlamanasikāravasena desitaṃ dvattiṃsākārakammaṭṭhānaṃ, idamidha kāyagatāsatīti adhippetaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para179"></a><span class="paranum">179</span>. Tatthāyaṃ <a name="M1.0233"></a> pāḷivaṇṇanāpubbaṅgamo bhāvanāniddeso. <span class="bld">Imameva kāya</span>nti imaṃ catumahābhūtikaṃ <a name="V1.0232"></a> pūtikāyaṃ. <span class="bld">Uddhaṃ pādatalā</span>ti pādatalato upari. <span class="bld">Adho kesamatthakā</span>ti kesaggato heṭṭhā. <span class="bld">Tacapariyanta</span>nti tiriyaṃ tacaparicchinnaṃ. <span class="bld">Pūraṃ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhatī</span>ti nānappakārakesādiasucibharito ayaṃ kāyoti passati. Kathaṃ? Atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā…pe… muttanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">atthī</span>ti saṃvijjanti. <span class="bld">Imasmi</span>nti yvāyaṃ uddhaṃ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā tacapariyanto pūro nānappakārassa asucinoti vuccati, tasmiṃ. <span class="bld">Kāye</span>ti sarīre. Sarīraṃ hi asucisañcayato kucchitānaṃ kesādīnañceva cakkhurogādīnañca rogasatānaṃ āyabhūtato kāyoti vuccati. <span class="bld">Kesā lomā</span>ti ete kesādayo dvattiṃsākārā. Tattha atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā, atthi imasmiṃ kāye lomāti evaṃ sambandho veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imasmiṃ hi pādatalā paṭṭhāya upari, kesamatthakā paṭṭhāya heṭṭhā, tacato paṭṭhāya paritoti ettake byāmamatte kaḷevare sabbākārenapi vicinanto na koci kiñci muttaṃ vā maṇiṃ vā veḷuriyaṃ vā agaruṃ vā kuṅkumaṃ vā kappūraṃ vā vāsacuṇṇādiṃ vā aṇumattampi sucibhāvaṃ passati, atha kho paramaduggandhajegucchaṃ asirikadassanaṃ nānappakāraṃ kesalomādibhedaṃ asuciṃyeva passati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā lomā…pe… mutta’’nti. Ayamettha padasambandhato vaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para180"></a><span class="paranum">180</span>. Imaṃ pana kammaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvetukāmena ādikammikena kulaputtena vuttappakāraṃ kalyāṇamittaṃ upasaṅkamitvā idaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Tenāpissa kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathentena sattadhā uggahakosallaṃ dasadhā ca manasikārakosallaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Tattha vacasā manasā vaṇṇato saṇṭhānato disato okāsato paricchedatoti evaṃ sattadhā uggahakosallaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imasmiṃ hi paṭikkūlamanasikārakammaṭṭhāne yopi tipiṭako hoti, tenāpi manasikārakāle paṭhamaṃ vācāya sajjhāyo kātabbo. Ekaccassa hi sajjhāyaṃ karontasseva kammaṭṭhānaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti malayavāsī mahādevattherassa santike uggahitakammaṭṭhānānaṃ dvinnaṃ therānaṃ viya. Thero <a name="M1.0234"></a> kira tehi kammaṭṭhānaṃ yācito cattāro māse imaṃyeva sajjhāyaṃ karothāti dvattiṃsākārapāḷiṃ adāsi. Te kiñcāpi nesaṃ dve tayo nikāyā paguṇā, padakkhiṇaggāhitāya <a name="V1.0233"></a> pana cattāro māse dvattiṃsākāraṃ sajjhāyantāva sotāpannā ahesuṃ. Tasmā kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathentena ācariyena antevāsiko vattabbo ‘‘paṭhamaṃ tāva vācāya sajjhāyaṃ karohī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Karontena ca <span class="bld">tacapañcakādī</span>ni paricchinditvā anulomapaṭilomavasena sajjhāyo kātabbo. Kesā lomā nakhā dantā tacoti hi vatvā puna paṭilomato taco dantā nakhā lomā kesāti vattabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tadanantaraṃ <span class="bld">vakkapañcake</span> maṃsaṃ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṃ vakkanti vatvā puna paṭilomato vakkaṃ aṭṭhimiñjaṃ aṭṭhi nhāru maṃsaṃ, taco dantā nakhā lomā kesāti vattabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato <span class="bld">papphāsapañcake</span> hadayaṃ yakanaṃ kilomakaṃ pihakaṃ papphāsanti vatvā puna paṭilomato papphāsaṃ pihakaṃ kilomakaṃ yakanaṃ hadayaṃ, vakkaṃ aṭṭhimiñjaṃ aṭṭhi nhāru maṃsaṃ, taco dantā nakhā lomā kesāti vattabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato <span class="bld">matthaluṅgapañcake</span> antaṃ antaguṇaṃ udariyaṃ karīsaṃ matthaluṅganti vatvā puna paṭilomato matthaluṅgaṃ karīsaṃ udariyaṃ antaguṇaṃ antaṃ, papphāsaṃ pihakaṃ kilomakaṃ yakanaṃ hadayaṃ, vakkaṃ aṭṭhimiñjaṃ aṭṭhi nhāru maṃsaṃ, taco dantā nakhā lomā kesāti vattabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato <span class="bld">medachakke</span> pittaṃ semhaṃ pubbo lohitaṃ sedo medoti vatvā puna paṭilomato medo sedo lohitaṃ pubbo semhaṃ pittaṃ, matthaluṅgaṃ karīsaṃ udariyaṃ antaguṇaṃ antaṃ, papphāsaṃ pihakaṃ kilomakaṃ yakanaṃ hadayaṃ, vakkaṃ aṭṭhimiñjaṃ aṭṭhi nhāru maṃsaṃ, taco dantā nakhā lomā kesāti vattabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato <span class="bld">muttachakke</span> assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttanti vatvā puna paṭilomato muttaṃ lasikā siṅghāṇikā kheḷo vasā assu, medo sedo lohitaṃ pubbo semhaṃ pittaṃ, matthaluṅgaṃ karīsaṃ udariyaṃ antaguṇaṃ antaṃ, papphāsaṃ pihakaṃ kilomakaṃ yakanaṃ hadayaṃ, vakkaṃ aṭṭhimiñjaṃ aṭṭhi nhāru maṃsaṃ, taco dantā nakhā lomā kesāti vattabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M1.0235"></a><a name="V1.0234"></a> kālasataṃ kālasahassaṃ kālasatasahassampi vācāya sajjhāyo kātabbo. Vacasā sajjhāyena hi kammaṭṭhānatanti paguṇā hoti, na ito cito ca cittaṃ vidhāvati. Koṭṭhāsā pākaṭā honti, hatthasaṅkhalikā viya vatipādapanti viya ca khāyanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā pana vacasā, tatheva manasāpi sajjhāyo kātabbo. Vacasā sajjhāyo hi manasā sajjhāyassa paccayo hoti. Manasā sajjhāyo lakkhaṇapaṭivedhassa paccayo hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vaṇṇato</span>ti kesādīnaṃ vaṇṇo vavatthapetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Saṇṭhānato</span>ti tesaññeva saṇṭhānaṃ vavatthapetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Disato</span>ti imasmiṃ hi sarīre nābhito uddhaṃ uparimadisā, adho heṭṭhimadisā, tasmā ayaṃ koṭṭhāso imissā nāma disāyāti disā vavatthapetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Okāsato</span>ti ayaṃ koṭṭhāso imasmiṃ nāma okāse patiṭṭhitoti evaṃ tassa tassa okāso vavatthapetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paricchedato</span>ti sabhāgaparicchedo visabhāgaparicchedoti dve paricchedā. Tattha ayaṃ koṭṭhāso heṭṭhā ca upari ca tiriyañca iminā nāma paricchinnoti evaṃ sabhāgaparicchedo veditabbo. Kesā na lomā, lomāpi na kesāti evaṃ amissakatāvasena visabhāgaparicchedo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ sattadhā uggahakosallaṃ ācikkhantena pana idaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ asukasmiṃ sutte paṭikkūlavasena kathitaṃ, asukasmiṃ dhātuvasenāti ñatvā ācikkhitabbaṃ. Idañhi mahāsatipaṭṭhāne (dī. ni. 2.377) paṭikkūlavaseneva kathitaṃ. Mahāhatthipadopama(ma. ni. 1.300 ādayo) mahārāhulovāda(ma. ni. 2.113 ādayo) dhātuvibhaṅgesu(ma. ni. 3.342 ādayo) dhātuvasena kathitaṃ. Kāyagatāsatisutte (ma. ni. 3.153) pana yassa vaṇṇato upaṭṭhāti, taṃ sandhāya cattāri jhānāni vibhattāni. Tattha dhātuvasena kathitaṃ vipassanākammaṭṭhānaṃ <a name="V1.0235"></a> hoti. Paṭikkūlavasena kathitaṃ samathakammaṭṭhānaṃ. Tadetaṃ idha samathakammaṭṭhānamevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para181"></a><span class="paranum">181</span>. Evaṃ <a name="M1.0236"></a> sattadhā uggahakosallaṃ ācikkhitvā anupubbato, nātisīghato, nātisaṇikato, vikkhepapaṭibāhanato, paṇṇattisamatikkamanato, anupubbamuñcanato, appanāto, tayo ca suttantāti evaṃ dasadhā manasikārakosallaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">anupubbato</span>ti idañhi sajjhāyakaraṇato paṭṭhāya anupaṭipāṭiyā manasikātabbaṃ, na ekantarikāya. Ekantarikāya hi manasikaronto yathā nāma akusalo puriso dvattiṃsapadaṃ nisseṇiṃ ekantarikāya ārohanto kilantakāyo patati, na ārohanaṃ sampādeti, evameva bhāvanāsampattivasena adhigantabbassa assādassa anadhigamā kilantacitto patati, na bhāvanaṃ sampādeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Anupubbato manasikarontenāpi ca <span class="bld">nātisīghato</span> manasikātabbaṃ. Atisīghato manasikaroto hi yathā nāma tiyojanamaggaṃ paṭipajjitvā okkamanavissajjanaṃ asallakkhetvā sīghena javena satakkhattumpi gamanāgamanaṃ karoto purisassa kiñcāpi addhānaṃ parikkhayaṃ gacchati, atha kho pucchitvāva gantabbaṃ hoti, evameva kevalaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ pariyosānaṃ pāpuṇāti, avibhūtaṃ pana hoti, na visesaṃ āvahati, tasmā nātisīghato manasikātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā ca nātisīghato, evaṃ <span class="bld">nātisaṇikato</span>pi. Atisaṇikato manasikaroto hi yathā nāma tadaheva tiyojanamaggaṃ gantukāmassa purisassa antarāmagge rukkhapabbatataḷākādīsu vilambamānassa maggo parikkhayaṃ na gacchati, dvīhatīhena pariyosāpetabbo hoti, evameva kammaṭṭhānaṃ pariyosānaṃ na gacchati, visesādhigamassa paccayo na hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vikkhepapaṭibāhanato</span>ti kammaṭṭhānaṃ vissajjetvā bahiddhā puthuttārammaṇe cetaso vikkhepo paṭibāhitabbo. Appaṭibāhato hi yathā nāma ekapadikaṃ papātamaggaṃ paṭipannassa purisassa akkamanapadaṃ asallakkhetvā ito cito ca vilokayato padavāro virajjhati, tato sataporise papāte patitabbaṃ hoti, evameva bahiddhā vikkhepe sati kammaṭṭhānaṃ parihāyati paridhaṃsati. Tasmā vikkhepapaṭibāhanato manasikātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paṇṇattisamatikkamanato</span>ti <a name="M1.0237"></a><a name="V1.0236"></a> yāyaṃ kesā lomātiādikā paṇṇatti, taṃ atikkamitvā paṭikkūlanti cittaṃ ṭhapetabbaṃ. Yathā hi udakadullabhakāle manussā araññe udapānaṃ disvā tattha tālapaṇṇādikaṃ kiñcideva saññāṇaṃ bandhitvā tena saññāṇena āgantvā nhāyanti ceva pivanti ca. Yadā pana nesaṃ abhiṇhasañcārena āgatāgatapadaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, tadā saññāṇena kiccaṃ na hoti, icchiticchitakkhaṇe gantvā nhāyanti ceva pivanti ca, evameva pubbabhāge kesā lomātipaṇṇattivasena manasikaroto paṭikkūlabhāvo pākaṭo hoti. Atha kesā lomātipaṇṇattiṃ samatikkamitvā paṭikkūlabhāveyeva cittaṃ ṭhapetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anupubbamuñcanato</span>ti yo yo koṭṭhāso na upaṭṭhāti, taṃ taṃ muñcantena anupubbamuñcanato manasikātabbaṃ. Ādikammikassa hi kesāti manasikaroto manasikāro gantvā muttanti imaṃ pariyosānakoṭṭhāsameva āhacca tiṭṭhati. Muttanti ca manasikaroto manasikāro gantvā kesāti imaṃ ādikoṭṭhāsameva āhacca tiṭṭhati. Athassa manasikaroto manasikaroto keci koṭṭhāsā upaṭṭhahanti, keci na upaṭṭhahanti. Tena ye ye upaṭṭhahanti, tesu tesu tāva kammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Yāva dvīsu upaṭṭhitesu tesampi eko suṭṭhutaraṃ upaṭṭhahati, evaṃ upaṭṭhitaṃ pana tameva punappunaṃ manasikarontena appanā uppādetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyaṃ upamā – yathā hi dvattiṃsatālake tālavane vasantaṃ makkaṭaṃ gahetukāmo luddo ādimhi ṭhitatālassa paṇṇaṃ sarena vijjhitvā ukkuṭṭhiṃ kareyya, atha kho so makkaṭo paṭipāṭiyā tasmiṃ tasmiṃ tāle patitvā pariyantatālameva gaccheyya, tatthapi gantvā luddena tatheva kate puna teneva nayena āditālaṃ āgaccheyya, so evaṃ punappunaṃ paripātiyamāno ukkuṭṭhukkuṭṭhiṭṭhāneyeva uṭṭhahitvā anukkamena ekasmiṃ tāle nipatitvā tassa vemajjhe makuḷatālapaṇṇasūciṃ daḷhaṃ gahetvā vijjhiyamānopi na uṭṭhaheyya, evaṃsampadamidaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatridaṃ opammasaṃsandanaṃ – yathā hi tālavane dvattiṃsatālā, evaṃ imasmiṃ kāye dvattiṃsakoṭṭhāsā. Makkaṭo viya cittaṃ. Luddo viya yogāvacaro. Makkaṭassa dvattiṃsatālake tālavane nivāso viya yogino <a name="M1.0238"></a> cittassa dvattiṃsakoṭṭhāsake kāye ārammaṇavasena anusañcaraṇaṃ. Luddena ādimhi ṭhitatālassa paṇṇaṃ sarena vijjhitvā ukkuṭṭhiyā katāya makkaṭassa tasmiṃ tasmiṃ tāle patitvā pariyantatālagamanaṃ viya yogino kesāti manasikāre āraddhe <a name="V1.0237"></a> paṭipāṭiyā gantvā pariyosānakoṭṭhāseyeva cittassa saṇṭhānaṃ. Puna paccāgamanepi eseva nayo. Punappunaṃ paripātiyamānassa makkaṭassa ukkuṭṭhukkuṭṭhiṭṭhāne uṭṭhānaṃ viya punappunaṃ manasikaroto kesuci kesuci upaṭṭhitesu anupaṭṭhahante vissajjetvā upaṭṭhitesu parikammakaraṇaṃ. Anukkamena ekasmiṃ tāle nipatitvā tassa majjhe makuḷatālapaṇṇasūciṃ daḷhaṃ gahetvā vijjhiyamānassapi anuṭṭhānaṃ viya avasāne dvīsu upaṭṭhitesu yo suṭṭhutaraṃ upaṭṭhāti, tameva punappunaṃ manasikaritvā appanāya uppādanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparāpi upamā – yathā nāma piṇḍapātiko bhikkhu dvattiṃsakulaṃ gāmaṃ upanissāya vasanto paṭhamageheyeva dve bhikkhā labhitvā parato ekaṃ vissajjeyya. Punadivase tisso labhitvā parato dve vissajjeyya. Tatiyadivase ādimhiyeva pattapūraṃ labhitvā āsanasālaṃ gantvā paribhuñjeyya. Evaṃsampadamidaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Dvattiṃsakulagāmo viya hi dvattiṃsākāro. Piṇḍapātiko viya yogāvacaro. Tassa taṃ gāmaṃ upanissāya vāso viya yogino dvattiṃsākāre parikammakaraṇaṃ. Paṭhamagehe dve bhikkhā labhitvā parato ekissā vissajjanaṃ viya dutiyadivase tisso labhitvā parato dvinnaṃ vissajjanaṃ viya ca manasikaroto manasikaroto anupaṭṭhahante vissajjetvā upaṭṭhitesu yāva koṭṭhāsadvaye parikammakaraṇaṃ. Tatiyadivase ādimhiyeva pattapūraṃ labhitvā āsanasālāyaṃ nisīditvā paribhogo viya dvīsu yo suṭṭhutaraṃ upaṭṭhāti, tameva punappunaṃ manasikaritvā appanāya uppādanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Appanāto</span>ti appanākoṭṭhāsato kesādīsu ekekasmiṃ koṭṭhāse appanā hotīti veditabbāti ayamevettha adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tayo ca suttantā</span>ti adhicittaṃ, sītibhāvo, bojjhaṅgakosallanti ime tayo suttantā vīriyasamādhiyojanatthaṃ veditabbāti ayamettha adhippāyo. Tattha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Adhicittamanuyuttena<a name="M1.0239"></a>, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tīṇi nimittāni kālenakālaṃ manasikātabbāni. Kālenakālaṃ samādhinimittaṃ manasikātabbaṃ. Kālenakālaṃ paggahanimittaṃ manasikātabbaṃ. Kālenakālaṃ upekkhānimittaṃ manasikātabbaṃ. Sace, bhikkhave, adhicittamanuyutto bhikkhu ekantaṃ samādhinimittaññeva manasikareyya, ṭhānaṃ taṃ <a name="V1.0238"></a> cittaṃ kosajjāya saṃvatteyya. Sace, bhikkhave, adhicittamanuyutto bhikkhu ekantaṃ paggahanimittaññeva manasikareyya, ṭhānaṃ taṃ cittaṃ uddhaccāya saṃvatteyya. Sace, bhikkhave, adhicittamanuyutto bhikkhu ekantaṃ upekkhānimittaññeva manasikareyya, ṭhānaṃ taṃ cittaṃ na sammā samādhiyeyya āsavānaṃ khayāya. Yato ca kho, bhikkhave, adhicittamanuyutto bhikkhu kālenakālaṃ samādhinimittaṃ paggahanimittaṃ upekkhānimittaṃ manasikaroti, taṃ hoti cittaṃ muduñca kammaññañca pabhassarañca, na ca pabhaṅgu, sammā samādhiyati āsavānaṃ khayāya.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, suvaṇṇakāro vā suvaṇṇakārantevāsī vā ukkaṃ bandhati, ukkaṃ bandhitvā ukkāmukhaṃ ālimpeti, ukkāmukhaṃ ālimpetvā saṇḍāsena jātarūpaṃ gahetvā ukkāmukhe pakkhipitvā kālenakālaṃ abhidhamati, kālenakālaṃ udakena paripphoseti, kālenakālaṃ ajjhupekkhati. Sace, bhikkhave, suvaṇṇakāro vā suvaṇṇakārantevāsī vā taṃ jātarūpaṃ ekantaṃ abhidhameyya, ṭhānaṃ taṃ jātarūpaṃ ḍaheyya. Sace, bhikkhave, suvaṇṇakāro vā suvaṇṇakārantevāsī vā taṃ jātarūpaṃ ekantaṃ udakena paripphoseyya, ṭhānaṃ taṃ jātarūpaṃ nibbāyeyya. Sace, bhikkhave, suvaṇṇakāro vā suvaṇṇakārantevāsī vā taṃ jātarūpaṃ ekantaṃ ajjhupekkheyya, ṭhānaṃ taṃ jātarūpaṃ na sammā paripākaṃ gaccheyya. Yato ca kho, bhikkhave, suvaṇṇakāro vā suvaṇṇakārantevāsī vā taṃ jātarūpaṃ kālenakālaṃ abhidhamati, kālenakālaṃ udakena paripphoseti, kālenakālaṃ ajjhupekkhati, taṃ hoti jātarūpaṃ muduñca kammaññañca pabhassarañca, na ca pabhaṅgu, sammā upeti kammāya. Yassā yassā ca piḷandhanavikatiyā ākaṅkhati yadi paṭikāya yadi kuṇḍalāya yadi <a name="M1.0240"></a> gīveyyāya yadi suvaṇṇamālāya, tañcassa atthaṃ anubhoti.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, adhicittamanuyuttena…pe… samādhiyati āsavānaṃ khayāya. Yassa yassa ca abhiññā sacchi karaṇīyassa dhammassa cittaṃ abhininnāmeti abhiññā sacchi kiriyāya, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇāti sati sati āyatane’’ti (a. ni. 3.103).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ <a name="V1.0239"></a> suttaṃ <span class="bld">adhicitta</span>nti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Chahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhabbo anuttaraṃ sītibhāvaṃ sacchikātuṃ. Katamehi chahi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ niggahetabbaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ niggaṇhāti. Yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ paggahetabbaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ paggaṇhāti. Yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ sampahaṃsitabbaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ sampahaṃseti. Yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ ajjhupekkhitabbaṃ, tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ ajjhupekkhati. Paṇītādhimuttiko ca hoti nibbānābhirato. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, chahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhabbo anuttaraṃ sītibhāvaṃ sacchikātu’’nti (a. ni. 6.85).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ suttaṃ <span class="bld">anuttaraṃ sītibhāvo</span>ti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bojjhaṅgakosallaṃ</span> ‘‘pana evameva kho, bhikkhave, yasmiṃ samaye līnaṃ cittaṃ hoti, akālo tasmiṃ samaye passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāyā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.234) appanākosallakathāyaṃ dassitameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iti idaṃ sattavidhaṃ uggahakosallaṃ suggahitaṃ katvā idañca dasavidhaṃ manasikārakosallaṃ suṭṭhu vavatthapetvā tena yoginā ubhayakosallavasena kammaṭṭhānaṃ sādhukaṃ uggahetabbaṃ. Sace panassa ācariyena saddhiṃ ekavihāreyeva phāsu hoti, evaṃ vitthārena akathāpetvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ suṭṭhu vavatthapetvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyujjantena visesaṃ labhitvā uparūpari kathāpetabbaṃ. Aññattha vasitukāmena yathāvuttena vidhinā vitthārato kathāpetvā punappunaṃ parivattetvā sabbaṃ gaṇṭhiṭṭhānaṃ chinditvā pathavīkasiṇaniddese vuttanayeneva ananurūpaṃ senāsanaṃ pahāya anurūpe <a name="M1.0241"></a> vihāre vasantena khuddakapalibodhupacchedaṃ katvā paṭikkūlamanasikāre parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Karontena pana kesesu tāva nimittaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Kathaṃ? Ekaṃ vā dve vā kese luñcitvā hatthatale ṭhapetvā vaṇṇo tāva vavatthapetabbo. Chinnaṭṭhānepi kese oloketuṃ vaṭṭati. Udakapatte vā yāgupatte vā oloketumpi vaṭṭatiyeva. Kāḷakakāle disvā kāḷakāti manasikātabbā<a name="V1.0240"></a>. Setakāle setāti. Missakakāle pana ussadavasena manasikātabbā honti. Yathā ca kesesu, evaṃ sakalepi tacapañcake disvāva nimittaṃ gahetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Koṭṭhāsavavatthāpanakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para182"></a><span class="paranum">182</span>. Evaṃ nimittaṃ gahetvā sabbakoṭṭhāse vaṇṇasaṇṭhānadisokāsaparicchedavasena vavatthapetvā vaṇṇasaṇṭhānagandhaāsayokāsavasena pañcadhā paṭikkūlato vavatthapetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyaṃ sabbakoṭṭhāsesu anupubbakathā. <span class="bld">Kesā</span> tāva pakativaṇṇena kāḷakā addāriṭṭhakavaṇṇā. Saṇṭhānato dīghavaṭṭalikā tulādaṇḍasaṇṭhānā. Disato uparimadisāya jātā. Okāsato ubhosu passesu kaṇṇacūḷikāhi, purato nalāṭantena, pacchato galavāṭakena paricchinnā. Sīsakaṭāhaveṭhanaṃ allacammaṃ kesānaṃ okāso. Paricchedato kesā sīsaveṭhanacamme vīhaggamattaṃ pavisitvā patiṭṭhitena heṭṭhā attano mūlatalena, upari ākāsena, tiriyaṃ aññamaññena paricchinnā, dve kesā ekato natthīti ayaṃ sabhāgaparicchedo. Kesā na lomā, lomā na kesāti evaṃ avasesaekatiṃsakoṭṭhāsehi amissīkatā kesā nāma pāṭiyekko ekakoṭṭhāsoti ayaṃ visabhāgaparicchedo. Idaṃ kesānaṃ vaṇṇādito vavatthāpanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para183"></a><span class="paranum">183</span>. Idaṃ pana nesaṃ vaṇṇādivasena pañcadhā paṭikkūlato vavatthāpanaṃ. Kesā nāmete vaṇṇatopi paṭikkūlā. Saṇṭhānatopi gandhatopi āsayatopi okāsatopi paṭikkūlā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Manuññepi <a name="M1.0242"></a> hi yāgupatte vā bhattapatte vā kesavaṇṇaṃ kiñci disvā kesamissakamidaṃ haratha nanti jigucchanti. Evaṃ kesā <span class="bld">vaṇṇato</span> paṭikkūlā. Rattiṃ bhuñjantāpi kesasaṇṭhānaṃ akkavākaṃ vā makacivākaṃ vā chupitvāpi tatheva jigucchanti. Evaṃ <span class="bld">saṇṭhānato</span> paṭikkūlā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Telamakkhanapupphadhūpādi saṅkhāravirahitānañca kesānaṃ gandho paramajeguccho hoti. Tato jegucchataro aggimhi pakkhittānaṃ. Kesā hi vaṇṇasaṇṭhānato appaṭikkūlāpi siyuṃ, <span class="bld">gandhena</span> pana paṭikkūlāyeva. Yathā hi daharassa kumārassa vaccaṃ vaṇṇato haliddivaṇṇaṃ, saṇṭhānatopi haliddipiṇḍasaṇṭhānaṃ. Saṅkāraṭṭhāne chaḍḍitañca uddhumātakakāḷasunakhasarīraṃ vaṇṇato tālapakkavaṇṇaṃ<a name="V1.0241"></a>. Saṇṭhānato vaṭṭetvā vissaṭṭhamudiṅgasaṇṭhānaṃ. Dāṭhāpissa sumanamakuḷasadisāti ubhayampi vaṇṇasaṇṭhānato siyā appaṭikkūlaṃ gandhena pana paṭikkūlameva. Evaṃ kesāpi siyuṃ vaṇṇasaṇṭhānato appaṭikkūlā <span class="bld">gandhena</span> pana paṭikkūlāyevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā pana asuciṭṭhāne gāmanissandena jātāni sūpeyyapaṇṇāni nāgarikamanussānaṃ jegucchāni honti aparibhogāni, evaṃ kesāpi pubbalohitamuttakarīsapittasemhādinissandena jātattā jegucchāti idaṃ nesaṃ <span class="bld">āsayato</span> pāṭikkulyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ime ca kesā nāma gūtharāsimhi uṭṭhitakaṇṇikaṃ viya ekatiṃsakoṭṭhāsarāsimhi jātā. Te susānasaṅkāraṭṭhānādīsu jātasākaṃ viya parikkhādīsu jātakamalakuvalayādipupphaṃ viya ca asuciṭṭhāne jātattā paramajegucchāti idaṃ nesaṃ <span class="bld">okāsato</span> pāṭikkulyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā ca kesānaṃ, evaṃ sabbakoṭṭhāsānaṃ vaṇṇasaṇṭhānagandhāsayokāsavasena pañcadhā paṭikkūlatā veditabbā. Vaṇṇasaṇṭhānadisokāsaparicchedavasena pana sabbepi visuṃ visuṃ vavatthapetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para184"></a><span class="paranum">184</span>. Tattha <span class="bld">lomā</span> tāva pakativaṇṇato na kesā viya asambhinnakāḷakā, kāḷapiṅgalā pana honti. Saṇṭhānato onataggā tālamūlasaṇṭhānā. Disato dvīsu disāsu jātā. Okāsato ṭhapetvā kesānaṃ patiṭṭhitokāsañca hatthapādatalāni ca yebhuyyena avasesasarīraveṭhanacamme jātā. Paricchedato sarīraveṭhanacamme likhāmattaṃ pavisitvā <a name="M1.0243"></a> patiṭṭhitena heṭṭhā attano mūlatalena, upari ākāsena, tiriyaṃ aññamaññena paricchinnā, dve lomā ekato natthi, ayaṃ nesaṃ sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para185"></a><span class="paranum">185</span>. <span class="bld">Nakhā</span>ti vīsatiyā nakhapattānaṃ nāmaṃ. Te sabbepi vaṇṇato setā. Saṇṭhānato macchasakalikasaṇṭhānā. Disato pādanakhā heṭṭhimadisāya, hatthanakhā uparimadisāyāti dvīsu disāsu jātā. Okāsato aṅgulīnaṃ aggapiṭṭhesu patiṭṭhitā. Paricchedato dvīsu disāsu aṅgulikoṭimaṃsehi, anto aṅgulipiṭṭhimaṃsena, bahi ceva agge ca ākāsena, tiriyaṃ aññamaññena <a name="V1.0242"></a> paricchinnā, dve nakhā ekato natthi, ayaṃ nesaṃ sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para186"></a><span class="paranum">186</span>. <span class="bld">Dantā</span>ti paripuṇṇadantassa dvattiṃsa dantaṭṭhikāni. Tepi vaṇṇato setā. Saṇṭhānato anekasaṇṭhānā. Tesaṃ hi heṭṭhimāya tāva dantapāḷiyā majjhe cattāro dantā mattikāpiṇḍe paṭipāṭiyā ṭhapitaalābubījasaṇṭhānā. Tesaṃ ubhosu passesu ekeko ekamūlako ekakoṭiko mallikamakuḷasaṇṭhāno. Tato ekeko dvimūlako dvikoṭiko yānakaupatthambhinisaṇṭhāno. Tato dve dve timūlā tikoṭikā. Tato dve dve catumūlā catukoṭikāti. Uparimapāḷiyāpi eseva nayo. Disato uparimadisāya jātā. Okāsato dvīsu hanukaṭṭhikesu patiṭṭhitā. Paricchedato heṭṭhā hanukaṭṭhike patiṭṭhitena attano mūlatalena, upari ākāsena, tiriyaṃ aññamaññena paricchinnā, dve dantā ekato natthi, ayaṃ nesaṃ sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para187"></a><span class="paranum">187</span>. <span class="bld">Taco</span>ti sakalasarīraṃ veṭhetvā ṭhitacammaṃ. Tassa upari kāḷasāmapītādivaṇṇā chavi nāma yā sakalasarīratopi saṅkaḍḍhiyamānā badaraṭṭhimattā hoti. Taco pana vaṇṇato setoyeva. So cassa setabhāvo aggijālābhighātapaharaṇappahārādīhi viddhaṃsitāya chaviyā pākaṭo hoti. Saṇṭhānato sarīrasaṇṭhānova hoti. Ayamettha saṅkhepo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vitthārato <a name="M1.0244"></a> pana pādaṅgulittaco kosakārakakosasaṇṭhāno. Piṭṭhipādattaco puṭabandhaupāhanasaṇṭhāno. Jaṅghattaco bhattapuṭakatālapaṇṇasaṇṭhāno. Ūruttaco taṇḍulabharitadīghatthavikasaṇṭhāno. Ānisadattaco udakapūritapaṭaparissāvanasaṇṭhāno. Piṭṭhittaco phalakonaddhacammasaṇṭhāno. Kucchittaco vīṇādoṇikonaddhacammasaṇṭhāno. Urattaco yebhuyyena caturassasaṇṭhāno. Ubhayabāhuttaco tūṇironaddhacammasaṇṭhāno. Piṭṭhihatthattaco khurakosasaṇṭhāno, phaṇakatthavikasaṇṭhāno vā. Hatthaṅgulittaco kuñcikākosakasaṇṭhāno. Gīvattaco galakañcukasaṇṭhāno. Mukhattaco chiddāvachiddo kīṭakulāvakasaṇṭhāno. Sīsattaco pattatthavikasaṇṭhānoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tacapariggaṇhakena ca yogāvacarena uttaroṭṭhato paṭṭhāya uparimukhaṃ ñāṇaṃ pesetvā paṭhamaṃ tāva <a name="V1.0243"></a> mukhaṃ pariyonandhitvā ṭhitacammaṃ vavatthapetabbaṃ. Tato nalāṭaṭṭhicammaṃ. Tato thavikāya pakkhittapattassa ca thavikāya ca antarena hatthamiva sīsaṭṭhikassa ca sīsacammassa ca antarena ñāṇaṃ pesetvā aṭṭhikena saddhiṃ cammassa ekābaddhabhāvaṃ viyojentena sīsacammaṃ vavatthapetabbaṃ. Tato khandhacammaṃ. Tato anulomena paṭilomena ca dakkhiṇahatthacammaṃ. Atha teneva nayena vāmahatthacammaṃ. Tato piṭṭhicammaṃ taṃ vavatthapetvā anulomena paṭilomena ca dakkhiṇapādacammaṃ. Atha teneva nayena vāmapādacammaṃ. Tato anukkameneva vatthiudarahadayagīvacammāni vavatthapetabbāni. Atha gīvacammānantaraṃ heṭṭhimahanucammaṃ vavatthapetvā adharoṭṭhapariyosānaṃ pāpetvā niṭṭhapetabbaṃ. Evaṃ oḷārikoḷārikaṃ pariggaṇhantassa sukhumampi pākaṭaṃ hoti. Disato dvīsu disāsu jāto. Okāsato sakalasarīraṃ pariyonandhitvā ṭhito. Paricchedato heṭṭhā patiṭṭhitatalena, upari ākāsena paricchinno, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para188"></a><span class="paranum">188</span>. <span class="bld">Maṃsa</span>nti nava maṃsapesisatāni. Taṃ sabbampi vaṇṇato rattaṃ kiṃsukapupphasadisaṃ. Saṇṭhānato jaṅghapiṇḍikamaṃsaṃ tālapaṇṇapuṭabhattasaṇṭhānaṃ. Ūrumaṃsaṃ nisadapotasaṇṭhānaṃ. Ānisadamaṃsaṃ uddhanakoṭisaṇṭhānaṃ. Piṭṭhimaṃsaṃ tālaguḷapaṭalasaṇṭhānaṃ. Phāsukadvayamaṃsaṃ koṭṭhalikāya kucchiyaṃ tanumattikālepasaṇṭhānaṃ. Thanamaṃsaṃ vaṭṭetvā avakkhittamattikāpiṇḍasaṇṭhānaṃ. Bāhudvayamaṃsaṃ <a name="M1.0245"></a> dviguṇaṃ katvā ṭhapitaniccammamahāmūsikasaṇṭhānaṃ. Evaṃ oḷārikoḷārikaṃ pariggaṇhantassa sukhumampi pākaṭaṃ hoti. Disato dvīsu disāsu jātaṃ. Okāsato vīsādhikāni tīṇi aṭṭhisatāni anulimpitvā ṭhitaṃ. Paricchedato heṭṭhā aṭṭhisaṅghāte patiṭṭhitatalena, upari tacena, tiriyaṃ aññamaññena paricchinnaṃ, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para189"></a><span class="paranum">189</span>. <span class="bld">Nhārū</span>ti nava nhārusatāni. Vaṇṇato sabbepi nhārū setā. Saṇṭhānato nānāsaṇṭhānā. Etesu hi gīvāya uparimabhāgato paṭṭhāya pañca mahānhārū sarīraṃ vinandhamānā purimapassena otiṇṇā. Pañca pacchimapassena. Pañca dakkhiṇapassena. Pañca vāmapassena. Dakkhiṇahatthaṃ vinandhamānāpi hatthassa purimapassena pañca. Pacchimapassena pañca. Tathā vāmahatthaṃ vinandhamānā. Dakkhiṇapādaṃ vinandhamānāpi pādassa purimapassena pañca. Pacchimapassena pañca. Tathā vāmapādaṃ vinandhamānāpīti evaṃ sarīradhārakā nāma saṭṭhimahānhārū kāyaṃ vinandhamānā otiṇṇā<a name="V1.0244"></a>. Ye <span class="bld">kaṇḍarā</span>tipi vuccanti. Te sabbepi kandalamakuḷasaṇṭhānā. Aññe pana taṃ taṃ padesaṃ ajjhottharitvā ṭhitā. Tato sukhumatarā suttarajjukasaṇṭhānā. Aññe tato sukhumatarā pūtilatāsaṇṭhānā, aññe tato sukhumatarā mahāvīṇātantisaṇṭhānā. Aññe thūlasuttakasaṇṭhānā. Hatthapādapiṭṭhīsu nhārū sakuṇapādasaṇṭhānā. Sīse nhārū dārakānaṃ sīsajālakasaṇṭhānā. Piṭṭhiyaṃ nhārū ātape pasāritaallajālasaṇṭhānā. Avasesā taṃtaṃaṅgapaccaṅgānugatā nhārū sarīre paṭimukkajālakañcukasaṇṭhānā. Disato dvīsu disāsu jātā. Okāsato sakalasarīre aṭṭhīni ābandhitvā ṭhitā. Paricchedato heṭṭhā tiṇṇaṃ aṭṭhisatānaṃ upari patiṭṭhitatalehi, upari maṃsacammāni āhacca ṭhitappadesehi, tiriyaṃ aññamaññena paricchinnā, ayaṃ nesaṃ sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para190"></a><span class="paranum">190</span>. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhī</span>ti ṭhapetvā dvattiṃsa dantaṭṭhīni avasesāni catusaṭṭhi hatthaṭṭhīni, catusaṭṭhi pādaṭṭhīni, catusaṭṭhi maṃsanissitāni muduaṭṭhīni, dve paṇhikaṭṭhīni, ekekasmiṃ pāde dve dve gopphakaṭṭhīni, dve jaṅghaṭṭhīni, ekaṃ jaṇṇukaṭṭhi, ekaṃ ūruṭṭhi, dve kaṭiṭṭhīni, aṭṭhārasa piṭṭhikaṇṭakaṭṭhīni, catuvīsati phāsukaṭṭhīni, cuddasa uraṭṭhīni<a name="M1.0246"></a>, ekaṃ hadayaṭṭhi, dve akkhakaṭṭhīni, dve koṭṭaṭṭhīni, dve bāhuṭṭhīni, dve dve aggabāhuṭṭhīni, satta gīvaṭṭhīni, dve hanukaṭṭhīni, ekaṃ nāsikaṭṭhi, dve akkhiṭṭhīni, dve kaṇṇaṭṭhīni, ekaṃ nalāṭaṭṭhi. Ekaṃ muddhaṭṭhi, nava sīsakapālaṭṭhīnīti evaṃ timattāni aṭṭhisatāni, tāni sabbānipi vaṇṇato setāni. Saṇṭhānato nānāsaṇṭhānāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha hi aggapādaṅguliaṭṭhīni katakabījasaṇṭhānāni. Tadanantarāni majjhapabbaṭṭhīni panasaṭṭhisaṇṭhānāni. Mūlapabbaṭṭhīni paṇavasaṇṭhānāni. Piṭṭhipādaṭṭhīni koṭṭitakandalakandarāsisaṇṭhānāni. Paṇhikaṭṭhi ekaṭṭhitālaphalabījasaṇṭhānaṃ. Gopphakaṭṭhīni baddhakīḷāgoḷakasaṇṭhānāni. Jaṅghaṭṭhīnaṃ gopphakaṭṭhīsu patiṭṭhitaṭṭhānaṃ apanītatacasindikaḷīrasaṇṭhānaṃ. Khuddakajaṅghaṭṭhikaṃ dhanukadaṇḍasaṇṭhānaṃ. Mahantaṃ milātasappapiṭṭhisaṇṭhānaṃ. Jaṇṇukaṭṭhi ekato parikkhīṇapheṇakasaṇṭhānaṃ. Tattha jaṅghaṭṭhikassa patiṭṭhitaṭṭhānaṃ atikhiṇaggagosiṅgasaṇṭhānaṃ. Ūruṭṭhi duttacchitavāsiparasudaṇḍasaṇṭhānaṃ. Tassa kaṭiṭṭhimhi patiṭṭhitaṭṭhānaṃ kīḷāgoḷakasaṇṭhānaṃ. Tena kaṭiṭṭhino patiṭṭhitaṭṭhānaṃ aggacchinnamahāpunnāgaphalasaṇṭhānaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kaṭiṭṭhīni <a name="V1.0245"></a> dvepi ekābaddhāni hutvā kumbhakārikauddhanasaṇṭhānāni. Pāṭiyekkaṃ kammārakūṭayottakasaṇṭhānāni. Koṭiyaṃ ṭhitaṃ ānisadaṭṭhi adhomukhaṃ katvā gahitasappaphaṇasaṇṭhānaṃ, sattaṭṭhaṭṭhānesu chiddāvachiddaṃ. Piṭṭhikaṇṭakaṭṭhīni abbhantarato uparūpari ṭhapitasīsapaṭṭaveṭhakasaṇṭhānāni. Bāhirato vaṭṭanāvaḷisaṇṭhānāni. Tesaṃ antarantarā kakacadantasadisā dve tayo kaṇṭakā honti. Catuvīsatiyā phāsukaṭṭhīsu aparipuṇṇāni aparipuṇṇaasisaṇṭhānāni. Paripuṇṇāni paripuṇṇaasisaṇṭhānāni. Sabbānipi odātakukkuṭassa pasāritapakkhasaṇṭhānāni. Cuddasa uraṭṭhīni jiṇṇasandamānikapañjarasaṇṭhānāni. Hadayaṭṭhi dabbiphaṇasaṇṭhānaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Akkhakaṭṭhīni khuddakalohavāsidaṇḍasaṇṭhānāni. Koṭṭaṭṭhīni ekato parikkhīṇasīhaḷakuddālasaṇṭhānāni. Bāhuṭṭhīni ādāsadaṇḍakasaṇṭhānāni. Aggabāhuṭṭhīni yamakatālakandasaṇṭhānāni. Maṇibandhaṭṭhīni ekato alliyāpetvā ṭhapitasīsakapaṭṭaveṭhakasaṇṭhānāni. Piṭṭhihatthaṭṭhīni koṭṭitakandalakandarāsisaṇṭhānāni<a name="M1.0247"></a>. Hatthaṅgulīsu mūlapabbaṭṭhīni paṇavasaṇṭhānāni. Majjhapabbaṭṭhīni aparipuṇṇapanasaṭṭhisaṇṭhānāni. Aggapabbaṭṭhīni katakabījasaṇṭhānāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Satta gīvaṭṭhīni daṇḍena vijjhitvā paṭipāṭiyā ṭhapitavaṃsakaḷīracakkalakasaṇṭhānāni. Heṭṭhimahanukaṭṭhi kammārānaṃ ayokūṭayottakasaṇṭhānaṃ. Uparimaṃ avalekhanasatthakasaṇṭhānaṃ. Akkhikūpanāsakūpaṭṭhīni apanītamiñjataruṇatālaṭṭhisaṇṭhānāni. Nalāṭaṭṭhi adhomukhaṭṭhapitasaṅkhathālakakapālasaṇṭhānaṃ. Kaṇṇacūḷikaṭṭhīni nhāpitakhurakosasaṇṭhānāni. Nalāṭakaṇṇacūḷikānaṃ upari paṭṭabandhanokāse aṭṭhisaṅkuṭitaghaṭapuṇṇapaṭalakhaṇḍasaṇṭhānaṃ. Muddhaṭṭhi mukhacchinnavaṅkanāḷikerasaṇṭhānaṃ. Sīsaṭṭhīni sibbetvā ṭhapitajajjaralābukaṭāhasaṇṭhānāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Disato dvīsu disāsu jātāni. Okāsato avisesena sakalasarīre ṭhitāni. Visesena panettha sīsaṭṭhīni givaṭṭhīsu patiṭṭhitāni. Gīvaṭṭhīni piṭṭhikaṇṭakaṭṭhīsu. Piṭṭhikaṇṭakaṭṭhīni kaṭiṭṭhīsu. Kaṭiṭṭhīni ūruṭṭhīsu. Ūruṭṭhīni jaṇṇukaṭṭhīsu. Jaṇṇukaṭṭhīni jaṅghaṭṭhīsu. Jaṅghaṭṭhīni gopphakaṭṭhīsu. Gopphakaṭṭhīni piṭṭhipādaṭṭhīsu patiṭṭhitāni. Paricchedato anto aṭṭhimiñjena, uparito maṃsena, agge mūle ca aññamaññena paricchinnāni, ayaṃ nesaṃ sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para191"></a><span class="paranum">191</span>. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhimiñja</span>nti <a name="V1.0246"></a> tesaṃ tesaṃ aṭṭhīnaṃ abbhantaragataṃ miñjaṃ. Taṃ vaṇṇato setaṃ. Saṇṭhānato mahantamahantānaṃ aṭṭhīnaṃ abbhantaragataṃ veḷunāḷiyaṃ pakkhittaseditamahāvettaggasaṇṭhānaṃ. Khuddānukhuddakānaṃ abbhantaragataṃ veḷuyaṭṭhipabbesu pakkhittaseditatanuvettaggasaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato dvīsu disāsu jātaṃ. Okāsato aṭṭhīnaṃ abbhantare patiṭṭhitaṃ. Paricchedato aṭṭhīnaṃ abbhantaratalehi paricchinnaṃ, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para192"></a><span class="paranum">192</span>. <span class="bld">Vakka</span>nti ekabandhanā dve maṃsapiṇḍikā. Taṃ vaṇṇato mandarattaṃ pāḷibhaddakaṭṭhivaṇṇaṃ. Saṇṭhānato dārakānaṃ yamakakīḷāgoḷakasaṇṭhānaṃ, ekavaṇṭapaṭibaddhaambaphaladvayasaṇṭhānaṃ vā. Disato uparimāya disāya jātaṃ. Okāsato galavāṭakā nikkhantena ekamūlena thokaṃ gantvā dvidhā <a name="M1.0248"></a> bhinnena thūlanhārunā vinibaddhaṃ hutvā hadayamaṃsaṃ parikkhipitvā ṭhitaṃ. Paricchedato vakkaṃ vakkabhāgena paricchinnaṃ, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para193"></a><span class="paranum">193</span>. <span class="bld">Hadaya</span>nti hadayamaṃsaṃ. Taṃ vaṇṇato rattapadumapattapiṭṭhivaṇṇaṃ. Saṇṭhānato bāhirapattāni apanetvā adhomukhaṃ ṭhapitapadumamakuḷasaṇṭhānaṃ. Bahi maṭṭhaṃ, anto kosātakīphalassa abbhantarasadisaṃ. Paññavantānaṃ thokaṃ vikasitaṃ, mandapaññānaṃ makuḷitameva. Anto cassa punnāgaṭṭhipatiṭṭhānamatto āvāṭako hoti, yattha addhapasatamattaṃ lohitaṃ saṇṭhāti, yaṃ nissāya manodhātu ca manoviññāṇadhātu ca vattanti. Taṃ panetaṃ rāgacaritassa rattaṃ hoti, dosacaritassa kāḷakaṃ, mohacaritassa maṃsadhovanaudakasadisaṃ, vitakkacaritassa kulatthayūsavaṇṇaṃ, saddhācaritassa kaṇikārapupphavaṇṇaṃ, paññācaritassa acchaṃ vippasannaṃ anāvilaṃ paṇḍaraṃ parisuddhaṃ niddhotajātimaṇi viya jutimantaṃ khāyati. Disato uparimāya disāya jātaṃ. Okāsato sarīrabbhantare dvinnaṃ thanānaṃ majjhe patiṭṭhitaṃ. Paricchedato hadayaṃ hadayabhāgena paricchinnaṃ, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para194"></a><span class="paranum">194</span>. <span class="bld">Yakana</span>nti yamakamaṃsapaṭalaṃ. Taṃ vaṇṇato rattaṃ paṇḍukadhātukaṃ nātirattakumudassa pattapiṭṭhivaṇṇaṃ. Saṇṭhānato mūle ekaṃ agge yamakaṃ koviḷārapattasaṇṭhānaṃ. Tañca dandhānaṃ ekameva hoti mahantaṃ, paññavantānaṃ dve vā tīṇi vā khuddakāni. Disato uparimāya disāya jātaṃ, okāsato dvinnaṃ thanānaṃ abbhantare dakkhiṇapassaṃ nissāya ṭhitaṃ. Paricchedato yakanaṃ <a name="V1.0247"></a> yakanabhāgena paricchinnaṃ, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para195"></a><span class="paranum">195</span>. <span class="bld">Kilomaka</span>nti paṭicchannāpaṭicchannabhedato duvidhaṃ pariyonahanamaṃsaṃ. Taṃ duvidhampi vaṇṇato setaṃ dukūlapilotikavaṇṇaṃ. Saṇṭhānato attano okāsasaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato paṭicchannakilomakaṃ uparimāya disāya. Itaraṃ dvīsu disāsu jātaṃ. Okāsato paṭicchannakilomakaṃ <a name="M1.0249"></a> hadayañca vakkañca paṭicchādetvā, appaṭicchannakilomakaṃ sakalasarīre cammassa heṭṭhato maṃsaṃ pariyonandhitvā ṭhitaṃ. Paricchedato heṭṭhā maṃsena, upari cammena, tiriyaṃ kilomakabhāgena paricchinnaṃ, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para196"></a><span class="paranum">196</span>. <span class="bld">Pihaka</span>nti udarajivhāmaṃsaṃ. Taṃ vaṇṇato nīlaṃ nigguṇḍipupphavaṇṇaṃ. Saṇṭhānato sattaṅgulappamāṇaṃ abandhanaṃ kāḷavacchakajivhāsaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato uparimāya disāya jātaṃ. Okāsato hadayassa vāmapasse udarapaṭalassa matthakapassaṃ nissāya ṭhitaṃ, yasmiṃ paharaṇappahārena bahinikkhante sattānaṃ jīvitakkhayo hoti. Paricchedato pihakabhāgena paricchinnaṃ, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para197"></a><span class="paranum">197</span>. <span class="bld">Papphāsa</span>nti dvattiṃsamaṃsakhaṇḍappabhedaṃ papphāsamaṃsaṃ. Taṃ vaṇṇato rattaṃ nātipakkaudumbaraphalavaṇṇaṃ. Saṇṭhānato visamacchinnabahalapūvakhaṇḍasaṇṭhānaṃ. Abbhantare asitapītānaṃ abhāve uggatena kammajatejusmānā abbhāhatattā saṃkhāditapalālapiṇḍamiva nirasaṃ nirojaṃ. Disato uparimāya disāya jātaṃ. Okāsato sarīrabbhantare dvinnaṃ thanānaṃ antare hadayañca yakanañca upari chādetvā olambantaṃ ṭhitaṃ. Paricchedato papphāsabhāgena paricchinnaṃ, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para198"></a><span class="paranum">198</span>. <span class="bld">Anta</span>nti purisassa dvattiṃsahatthā itthiyā aṭṭhavīsatihatthā ekavīsatiyā ṭhānesu obhaggā antavaṭṭi. Tadetaṃ vaṇṇato setaṃ sakkharasudhāvaṇṇaṃ. Saṇṭhānato lohitadoṇiyaṃ ābhujitvā ṭhapitasīsacchinnasappasaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato dvīsu disāsu jātaṃ. Okāsato upari galavāṭake heṭṭhā ca karīsamagge vinibandhattā galavāṭakakarīsamaggapariyante sarīrabbhantare ṭhitaṃ. Paricchedato <a name="V1.0248"></a> antabhāgena paricchinnaṃ, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para199"></a><span class="paranum">199</span>. <span class="bld">Antaguṇa</span>nti <a name="M1.0250"></a> antabhogaṭṭhānesu bandhanaṃ. Taṃ vaṇṇato setaṃ dakasītalikamūlavaṇṇaṃ. Saṇṭhānato dakasītalikamūlasaṇṭhānameva. Disato dvīsu disāsu jātaṃ. Okāsato kuddālapharasukammādīni karontānaṃ yantākaḍḍhanakāle yantasuttakamiva yantaphalakāni antabhoge ekato agaḷante ābandhitvā pādapuñchanarajjumaṇḍalakassa antarā saṃsibbitvā ṭhitarajjukā viya ekavīsatiyā antabhogānaṃ antarā ṭhitaṃ. Paricchedato antaguṇabhāgena paricchinnaṃ, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para200"></a><span class="paranum">200</span>. <span class="bld">Udariya</span>nti udare bhavaṃ asitapītakhāyitasāyitaṃ. Taṃ vaṇṇato ajjhohaṭāhāravaṇṇaṃ. Saṇṭhānato parissāvane sithilabaddhataṇḍulasaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato uparimāya disāya jātaṃ. Okāsato udare ṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Udaraṃ</span> nāma ubhato nippīḷiyamānassa allasāṭakassa majjhe sañjātaphoṭakasadisaṃ antapaṭalaṃ, bahi maṭṭhaṃ, anto maṃsakasambupaliveṭhanakiliṭṭhapāvārakapupphakasadisaṃ, kuthitapanasatacassa abbhantarasadisantipi vattuṃ vaṭṭati, yattha takkoṭakā gaṇḍuppādakā tālahīrakā sūcimukhakā paṭatantasuttakā iccevamādidvattiṃsakulappabhedā kimayo ākulabyākulā saṇḍasaṇḍacārino hutvā nivasanti, ye pānabhojanādimhi avijjamāne ullaṅghitvā viravantā hadayamaṃsaṃ abhihananti, pānabhojanādiajjhoharaṇavelāyañca uddhaṃmukhā hutvā paṭhamajjhohaṭe dve tayo ālope turitaturitā viluppanti, yaṃ tesaṃ kimīnaṃ sūtigharaṃ vaccakuṭi gilānasālā susānañca hoti. Yattha seyyathāpi nāma caṇḍālagāmadvāre candanikāya nidāghasamaye thūlaphusitake deve vassante udakena vuyhamānaṃ muttakarīsacammaaṭṭhinhārukhaṇḍakheḷasiṅghāṇikālohitappabhutinānākuṇapajātaṃ nipatitvā kaddamodakāluḷitaṃ dvīhatīhaccayena sañjātakimikulaṃ sūriyātapasantāpavegakuthitaṃ upari pheṇapupphuḷake muñcantaṃ abhinīlavaṇṇaṃ paramaduggandhajegucchaṃ neva upagantuṃ, na daṭṭhuṃ araharūpataṃ āpajjitvā tiṭṭhati, pageva <a name="M1.0251"></a> ghāyituṃ vā sāyituṃ vā, evameva nānappakāraṃ pānabhojanādidantamusalasañcuṇṇitaṃ jivhāhatthaparivattitakheḷalālāpalibuddhaṃ <a name="V1.0249"></a> taṅkhaṇavigatavaṇṇagandharasādisampadaṃ tantavāyakhalisuvānavamathusadisaṃ nipatitvā pittasemhavātapaliveṭhitaṃ hutvā udaraggisantāpavegakuthitaṃ kimikulākulaṃ uparūpari pheṇapupphuḷakāni muñcantaṃ paramakasambuduggandhajegucchabhāvaṃ āpajjitvā tiṭṭhati. Yaṃ sutvāpi pānabhojanādīsu amanuññatā saṇṭhāti, pageva paññācakkhunā avaloketvā. Yattha ca patitaṃ pānabhojanādi pañcadhā vivekaṃ gacchati, ekaṃ bhāgaṃ pāṇakā khādanti, ekaṃ bhāgaṃ udaraggi jhāpeti, eko bhāgo muttaṃ hoti, eko bhāgo karīsaṃ, eko bhāgo rasabhāvaṃ āpajjitvā soṇitamaṃsādīni upabrūhayati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paricchedato udarapaṭalena ceva udariyabhāgena ca paricchinnaṃ. Ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para201"></a><span class="paranum">201</span>. <span class="bld">Karīsa</span>nti vaccaṃ. Taṃ vaṇṇato yebhuyyena ajjhohaṭāhāravaṇṇameva hoti. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato heṭṭhimāya disāya jātaṃ. Okāsato pakkāsaye ṭhitaṃ. <span class="bld">Pakkāsayo</span> nāma heṭṭhānābhi-piṭṭhikaṇṭakamūlānaṃ antare antāvasāne ubbedhena aṭṭhaṅgulamatto veḷunāḷikasadiso, yattha seyyathāpi nāma upari bhūmibhāge patitaṃ vassodakaṃ ogaḷitvā heṭṭhā bhūmibhāgaṃ pūretvā tiṭṭhati, evameva yaṃkiñci āmāsaye patitaṃ pānabhojanādikaṃ udaragginā pheṇuddehakaṃ pakkaṃ pakkaṃ nisadāya pisitamiva saṇhabhāvaṃ āpajjitvā antabilena ogaḷitvā ogaḷitvā omadditvā veḷupabbe pakkhipamānapaṇḍumattikā viya sannicitaṃ hutvā tiṭṭhati. Paricchedato pakkāsayapaṭalena ceva karīsabhāgena ca paricchinnaṃ, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para202"></a><span class="paranum">202</span>. <span class="bld">Matthaluṅga</span>nti sīsakaṭāhabbhantare ṭhitamiñjarāsi. Taṃ vaṇṇato setaṃ ahicchattakapiṇḍavaṇṇaṃ. Dadhibhāvaṃ asampattaṃ duṭṭhakhīravaṇṇantipi vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato uparimāya disāya jātaṃ. Okāsato sīsakaṭāhabbhantare cattāro sibbinimagge nissāya samodhānetvā ṭhapitā cattāro piṭṭhapiṇḍā viya samohitaṃ tiṭṭhati. Paricchedato sīsakaṭāhassa abbhantaratalehi ceva matthaluṅgabhāgena ca paricchinnaṃ<a name="M1.0252"></a>, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para203"></a><span class="paranum">203</span>. <span class="bld">Pitta</span>nti <a name="V1.0250"></a> dve pittāni baddhapittañca abaddhapittañca. Tattha baddhapittaṃ vaṇṇato bahalamadhukatelavaṇṇaṃ. Abaddhapittaṃ milātaākulipupphavaṇṇaṃ. Saṇṭhānato ubhayampi okāsasaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato baddhapittaṃ uparimāya disāya jātaṃ, itaraṃ dvīsu disāsu jātaṃ. Okāsato abaddhapittaṃ ṭhapetvā kesalomadantanakhānaṃ maṃsavinimuttaṭṭhānañceva thaddhasukkhacammañca udakamiva telabindu avasesasarīraṃ byāpetvā ṭhitaṃ, yamhi kupite akkhīni pītakāni honti, bhamanti, gattaṃ kampati, kaṇḍūyati. Baddhapittaṃ hadayapapphāsānaṃ antare yakanamaṃsaṃ nissāya patiṭṭhite mahākosātakīkosakasadise pittakosake ṭhitaṃ, yamhi kupite sattā ummattakā honti, vipallatthacittā hirottappaṃ chaḍḍetvā akātabbaṃ karonti, abhāsitabbaṃ bhāsanti, acintitabbaṃ cintenti. Paricchedato pittabhāgena paricchinnaṃ, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para204"></a><span class="paranum">204</span>. <span class="bld">Semha</span>nti sarīrabbhantare ekapatthapūrappamāṇaṃ semhaṃ. Taṃ vaṇṇato setaṃ nāgabalāpaṇṇarasavaṇṇaṃ. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato uparimāya disāya jātaṃ. Okāsato udarapaṭale ṭhitaṃ. Yaṃ pānabhojanādiajjhoharaṇakāle seyyathāpi nāma udake sevālapaṇakaṃ kaṭṭhe vā kathale vā patante chijjitvā dvidhā hutvā puna ajjhottharitvā tiṭṭhati, evameva pānabhojanādimhi nipatante chijjitvā dvidhā hutvā puna ajjhottharitvā tiṭṭhati, yamhi ca mandībhūte pakkagaṇḍo viya pūtikukkuṭaṇḍamiva ca udaraṃ paramajegucchaṃ kuṇapagandhaṃ hoti, tato uggatena ca gandhena uddekopi mukhampi duggandhaṃ pūtikuṇapasadisaṃ hoti. So ca puriso apehi duggandhaṃ vāyasīti vattabbataṃ āpajjati, yañca vaḍḍhitvā bahalattamāpannaṃ pidhānaphalakamiva vaccakuṭiyaṃ udarapaṭalassa abbhantareyeva kuṇapagandhaṃ sannirumbhitvā tiṭṭhati. Paricchedato semhabhāgena paricchinnaṃ, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para205"></a><span class="paranum">205</span>. <span class="bld">Pubbo</span>ti <a name="M1.0253"></a> pūtilohitavasena pavattapubbaṃ. Taṃ vaṇṇato paṇḍupalāsavaṇṇo. Matasarīre pana pūtibahalācāmavaṇṇo hoti. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhāno. Disato dvīsu disāsu hoti. Okāsato pana pubbassa okāso nāma nibaddho natthi, yattha so sannicito tiṭṭheyya, yatra yatra khāṇukaṇṭakapaharaṇaggijālādīhi abhihate sarīrappadese lohitaṃ saṇṭhahitvā paccati, gaṇḍapīḷakādayo vā uppajjanti, tatra tatra tiṭṭhati. Paricchedato pubbabhāgena paricchinno, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para206"></a><span class="paranum">206</span>. <span class="bld">Lohita</span>nti <a name="V1.0251"></a> dve lohitāni sannicitalohitañca saṃsaraṇalohitañca. Tattha sannicitalohitaṃ vaṇṇato nipakkabahalalākhārasavaṇṇaṃ. Saṃsaraṇalohitaṃ acchalākhārasavaṇṇaṃ. Saṇṭhānato ubhayampi okāsasaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato sannicitalohitaṃ uparimāya disāya jātaṃ. Itaraṃ dvisu disāsu jātaṃ. Okāsato saṃsaraṇalohitaṃ ṭhapetvā kesalomadantanakhānaṃ maṃsavinimuttaṭṭhānañceva thaddhasukkhacammañca dhamanijālānusārena sabbaṃ upādiṇṇasarīraṃ pharitvā ṭhitaṃ. Sannicitalohitaṃ yakanaṭṭhānassa heṭṭhābhāgaṃ pūretvā ekapatthapūramattaṃ hadayavakkapapphāsānaṃ upari thokaṃ thokaṃ paggharantaṃ vakkahadayayakanapapphāse temayamānaṃ ṭhitaṃ. Tasmiṃ hi vakkahadayādīni atemente sattā pipāsitā honti. Paricchedato lohitabhāgena paricchinnaṃ, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para207"></a><span class="paranum">207</span>. <span class="bld">Sedo</span>ti lomakūpādīhi paggharaṇakaāpodhātu. So vaṇṇato vippasannatilatelavaṇṇo. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhāno. Disato dvīsu disāsu jāto. Okāsato sedassokāso nāma nibaddho natthi, yattha so lohitaṃ viya sadā tiṭṭheyya. Yadā pana aggisantāpasūriyasantāpautuvikārādīhi sarīraṃ santapati, tadā udakato abbūḷhamattavisamacchinnabhisamuḷālakumudanāḷakalāpo viya sabbakesalomakūpavivarehi paggharati, tasmā tassa saṇṭhānampi kesalomakūpavivarānaññeva vasena veditabbaṃ. Sedapariggaṇhakena ca yoginā kesalomakūpavivare pūretvā ṭhitavaseneva sedo manasi kātabbo. Paricchedato <a name="M1.0254"></a> sedabhāgena paricchinno, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Medo</span>ti thinasineho. So vaṇṇato phālitahaliddivaṇṇo. Saṇṭhānato thūlasarīrassa tāva cammamaṃsantare ṭhapitahaliddivaṇṇadukūlapilotikasaṇṭhāno hoti. Kisasarīrassa jaṅghamaṃsaṃ ūrumaṃsaṃ piṭṭhikaṇṭakanissitaṃ piṭṭhimaṃsaṃ udaravaṭṭimaṃsanti etāni nissāya diguṇatiguṇaṃ katvā ṭhapitahaliddivaṇṇadukūlapilotikasaṇṭhāno. Disato dvīsu disāsu jāto. Okāsato thūlassa sakalasarīraṃ pharitvā kisassa jaṅghamaṃsādīni nissāya ṭhito, yaṃ sinehasaṅkhaṃ gatampi paramajegucchattā neva muddhani telatthāya, na nāsatelādīnamatthāya gaṇhanti. Paricchedato heṭṭhā maṃsena, upari cammena, tiriyaṃ medabhāgena paricchinno, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para208"></a><span class="paranum">208</span>. <span class="bld">Assū</span>ti <a name="V1.0252"></a> akkhīhi paggharaṇakaāpodhātu. Taṃ vaṇṇato vippasannatilatelavaṇṇaṃ. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato uparimāya disāya jātaṃ. Okāsato akkhikūpakesu ṭhitaṃ. Na cetaṃ pittakosake pittamiva akkhikūpakesu sadā sannicitaṃ tiṭṭhati. Yadā pana sattā somanassajātā mahāhasitaṃ hasanti, domanassajātā rodanti paridevanti, tathārūpaṃ vā visamāhāraṃ āhārenti, yadā ca nesaṃ akkhīni dhūmarajapaṃsukādīhi abhihaññanti. Tadā etehi somanassadomanassavisabhāgāhārautūhi samuṭṭhahitvā akkhikūpake pūretvā tiṭṭhati vā paggharati vā. Assupariggaṇhakena ca yoginā akkhikūpake pūretvā ṭhitavaseneva pariggaṇhitabbaṃ. Paricchedato assubhāgena paricchinnaṃ, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para209"></a><span class="paranum">209</span>. <span class="bld">Vasā</span>ti vilīnasineho. Sā vaṇṇato nāḷikeratelavaṇṇā. Ācāme āsittatelavaṇṇātipi vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Saṇṭhānato nhānakāle pasannaudakassa upari paribbhamantasinehabinduvisaṭasaṇṭhānā. Disato dvīsu disāsu jātā. Okāsato yebhuyyena hatthatalahatthapiṭṭhipādatalapādapiṭṭhināsapuṭanalāṭaaṃsakūṭesu ṭhitā. Na cesā etesu okāsesu sadā vilīnāva hutvā tiṭṭhati. Yadā pana aggisantāpasūriyasantāpautuvisabhāgadhātuvisabhāgehi te padesā usmājātā <a name="M1.0255"></a> honti, tadā tattha nhānakāle pasannaudakūpari sinehabinduvisaṭo viya ito cito ca sañcarati. Paricchedato vasābhāgena paricchinnā, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisoyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para210"></a><span class="paranum">210</span>. <span class="bld">Kheḷo</span>ti antomukhe pheṇamissā āpodhātu. So vaṇṇato seto pheṇavaṇṇo. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhāno. Pheṇasaṇṭhānotipi vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Disato uparimāya disāya jāto. Okāsato ubhohi kapolapassehi oruyha jivhāya ṭhito. Na cesa ettha sadā sannicito hutvā tiṭṭhati. Yadā pana sattā tathārūpamāhāraṃ passanti vā saranti vā, uṇhatittakaṭukaloṇambilānaṃ vā kiñci mukhe ṭhapenti, yadā vā nesaṃ hadayaṃ āgilāyati, kismiñci deva vā jigucchā uppajjati, tadā kheḷo uppajjitvā ubhohi kapolapassehi oruyha jivhāya saṇṭhāti. Aggajivhāya cesa tanuko hoti, mūlajivhāya bahalo, mukhe pakkhittañca puthukaṃ vā taṇḍulaṃ vā aññaṃ vā kiñci khādanīyaṃ nadīpuline khatakūpakasalilaṃ viya <a name="V1.0253"></a> parikkhayaṃ agacchantova temetuṃ samattho hoti. Paricchedato kheḷabhāgena paricchinno, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisova.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para211"></a><span class="paranum">211</span>. <span class="bld">Siṅghāṇikā</span>ti matthaluṅgato paggharaṇakaasuci. Sā vaṇṇato taruṇatālaṭṭhimiñjavaṇṇā. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhānā. Disato uparimāya disāya jātā. Okāsato nāsāpuṭe pūretvā ṭhitā. Na cesā ettha sadā sannicitā hutvā tiṭṭhati, atha kho yathā nāma puriso paduminipatte dadhiṃ bandhitvā heṭṭhā kaṇṭakena vijjheyya, athānena chiddena dadhimuttaṃ gaḷitvā bahi pateyya, evameva yadā sattā rodanti, visabhāgāhārautuvasena vā sañjātadhātukhobhā honti, tadā anto sīsato pūtisemhabhāvamāpannaṃ matthaluṅgaṃ gaḷitvā tālumatthakavivarena otaritvā nāsāpuṭe pūretvā tiṭṭhati vā paggharati vā. Siṅghāṇikā pariggaṇhakena ca yoginā nāsāpuṭe pūretvā ṭhitavaseneva pariggaṇhitabbā. Paricchedato siṅghāṇikābhāgena paricchinnā, ayamassā sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisova.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para212"></a><span class="paranum">212</span>. <span class="bld">Lasikā</span>ti <a name="M1.0256"></a> sarīrasandhīnaṃ abbhantare picchilakuṇapaṃ. Sā vaṇṇato kaṇikāraniyyāsavaṇṇā. Saṇṭhānato okāsasaṇṭhānā. Disato dvīsu disāsu jātā. Okāsato aṭṭhisandhīnaṃ abbhañjanakiccaṃ sādhayamānā asītisatasandhīnaṃ abbhantare ṭhitā. Yassa cesā mandā hoti, tassa uṭṭhahantassa nisīdantassa abhikkamantassa paṭikkamantassa samiñjantassa pasārentassa aṭṭhikāni kaṭakaṭāyanti, accharāsaddaṃ karonto viya sañcarati. Ekayojanadviyojanamattaṃ addhānaṃ gatassa vāyodhātu kuppati, gattāni dukkhanti. Yassa pana bahukā honti, tassa uṭṭhānanisajjādīsu na aṭṭhīni kaṭakaṭāyanti, dīghampi addhānaṃ gatassa na vāyodhātu kuppati, na gattāni dukkhanti. Paricchedato lasikābhāgena paricchinnā, ayamassā sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisova.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para213"></a><span class="paranum">213</span>. <span class="bld">Mutta</span>nti muttarasaṃ. Taṃ vaṇṇato māsakhārodakavaṇṇaṃ. Saṇṭhānato adhomukhaṭṭhapitaudakakumbhaabbhantaragataudakasaṇṭhānaṃ. Disato heṭṭhimāya disāya jātaṃ. Okāsato vatthissa abbhantare ṭhitaṃ. <span class="bld">Vatthi</span> nāma vatthi puṭo vuccati. Yattha seyyathāpi candanikāya pakkhitte amukhe ravaṇaghaṭe candanikāraso pavisati, na cassa pavisanamaggo paññāyati<a name="V1.0254"></a>, evameva sarīrato muttaṃ pavisati, na cassa pavisanamaggo paññāyati, nikkhamanamaggo pana pākaṭo hoti. Yamhi ca muttassa bharite passāvaṃ karomāti sattānaṃ āyūhanaṃ hoti. Paricchedato vatthiabbhantarena ceva muttabhāgena ca paricchinnaṃ, ayamassa sabhāgaparicchedo. Visabhāgaparicchedo pana kesasadisova.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para214"></a><span class="paranum">214</span>. Evañhi kesādike koṭṭhāse vaṇṇasaṇṭhānadisokāsaparicchedavasena vavatthapetvā anupubbato nātisīghatotiādinā nayena vaṇṇasaṇṭhānagandhāsayokāsavasena pañcadhā paṭikkūlā paṭikkūlāti manasikaroto paṇṇattisamatikkamāvasāne seyyathāpi cakkhumato purisassa dvattiṃsavaṇṇānaṃ kusumānaṃ ekasuttakaganthitaṃ mālaṃ olokentassa sabbapupphāni apubbāpariyamiva pākaṭāni honti, evameva atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesāti imaṃ kāyaṃ olokentassa sabbe te dhammā <a name="M1.0257"></a> apubbāpariyāva pākaṭā honti. Tena vuttaṃ manasikārakosallakathāyaṃ ‘‘ādikammikassa hi kesāti manasikaroto manasikāro gantvā muttanti imaṃ pariyosānakoṭṭhāsameva āhacca tiṭṭhatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sace pana bahiddhāpi manasikāraṃ upasaṃharati, athassa evaṃ sabbakoṭṭhāsesu pākaṭībhūtesu āhiṇḍantā manussatiracchānādayo sattākāraṃ vijahitvā koṭṭhāsarāsivaseneva upaṭṭhahanti, tehi ca ajjhohariyamānaṃ pānabhojanādi koṭṭhāsarāsimhi pakkhipamānamiva upaṭṭhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Athassa anupubbamuñcanādivasena paṭikkūlā paṭikkūlāti punappunaṃ manasikaroto anukkamena appanā uppajjati. Tattha kesādīnaṃ vaṇṇasaṇṭhānadisokāsaparicchedavasena upaṭṭhānaṃ uggahanimittaṃ. Sabbākārato paṭikkūlavasena upaṭṭhānaṃ paṭibhāganimittaṃ. Taṃ āsevato bhāvayato vuttanayena asubhakammaṭṭhānesu viya paṭhamajjhānavaseneva appanā uppajjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sā yassa ekova koṭṭhāso pākaṭo hoti, ekasmiṃ vā koṭṭhāse appanaṃ patvā puna aññasmiṃ yogaṃ na karoti, tassa ekāva uppajjati. Yassa pana aneke koṭṭhāsā pākaṭā honti, ekasmiṃ vā jhānaṃ patvā puna aññasmiṃpi yogaṃ karoti, tassa mallakattherassa viya koṭṭhāsagaṇanāya paṭhamajjhānāni nibbattanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So <a name="V1.0255"></a> kirāyasmā dīghabhāṇakaabhayattheraṃ hatthe gahetvā ‘‘āvuso abhaya, imaṃ tāva pañhaṃ uggaṇhāhī’’ti vatvā āha – ‘‘mallakatthero dvattiṃsakoṭṭhāsesu dvattiṃsāya paṭhamajjhānānaṃ lābhī. Sace rattiṃ ekaṃ, divā ekaṃ samāpajjati, atirekaddhamāsena puna sampajjati, sace pana devasikaṃ ekaṃ samāpajjati, atirekamāsena puna sampajjatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ paṭhamajjhānavasena ijjhamānampi cetaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ vaṇṇasaṇṭhānādīsu satibalena ijjhanato kāyagatāsatīti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imañca kāyagatāsatimanuyutto bhikkhu aratiratisaho hoti, na ca naṃ arati sahati, uppannaṃ aratiṃ abhibhuyya abhibhuyya viharati. Bhayabheravasaho hoti, na ca naṃ bhayabheravaṃ sahati, uppannaṃ bhayabheravaṃ abhibhuyya abhibhuyya viharati. Khamo hoti sītassa uṇhassa <a name="M1.0258"></a> …pe… pāṇaharānaṃ adhivāsakajātiko hoti (ma. ni. 3.159). Kesādīnaṃ vaṇṇabhedaṃ nissāya catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ lābhī hoti. Cha abhiññā paṭivijjhati (ma. ni. 3.159).</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā have appamatto, anuyuñjetha paṇḍito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ anekānisaṃsaṃ, imaṃ kāyagatāsatinti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ kāyagatāsatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Ānāpānassatikathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para215"></a><span class="paranum">215</span>. Idāni yaṃ taṃ bhagavatā ‘‘ayampi kho, bhikkhave, ānāpānassatisamādhi bhāvito bahulīkato santo ceva paṇīto ca asecanako ca sukho ca vihāro, uppannuppanne ca pāpake akusale dhamme ṭhānaso antaradhāpeti vūpasametī’’ti evaṃ pasaṃsitvā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Kathaṃ bhāvito ca, bhikkhave, ānāpānassatisamādhi kathaṃ bahulīkato santo ceva paṇīto ca asecanako ca sukho ca vihāro, uppannuppanne ca pāpake akusale dhamme ṭhānaso antaradhāpeti vūpasameti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato <a name="V1.0256"></a> vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā, so satova assasati sato passasati. Dīghaṃ vā assasanto dīghaṃ assasāmīti pajānāti. Dīghaṃ vā passasanto…pe… rassaṃ vā assasanto…pe… rassaṃ vā passasanto rassaṃ passasāmīti pajānāti. Sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmīti sikkhati. Sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmīti sikkhati. Passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmīti sikkhati. Passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmīti sikkhati. Pītipaṭisaṃvedī… sukhapaṭisaṃvedī… cittasaṅkhārapaṭisaṃvedī… passambhayaṃ cittasaṅkhāraṃ… cittapaṭisaṃvedī… abhippamodayaṃ cittaṃ… samādahaṃ cittaṃ… vimocayaṃ cittaṃ <a name="M1.0259"></a> … aniccānupassī… virāgānupassī… nirodhānupassī. Paṭinissaggānupassī assasissāmīti sikkhati. Paṭinissaggānupassī passasissāmīti sikkhatī’’ti –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ soḷasavatthukaṃ ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhānaṃ niddiṭṭhaṃ. Tassa bhāvanānayo anuppatto. So pana yasmā pāḷivaṇṇanānusāreneva vuccamāno sabbākāraparipūro hoti. Tasmā ayamettha pāḷivaṇṇanāpubbaṅgamo niddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para216"></a><span class="paranum">216</span>. Kathaṃ bhāvito ca, bhikkhave, ānāpānassati samādhīti ettha tāva <span class="bld">katha</span>nti ānāpānassatisamādhibhāvanaṃ nānappakārato vitthāretukamyatāpucchā. <span class="bld">Bhāvito ca bhikkhave ānāpānassatisamādhī</span>ti nānappakārato vitthāretukamyatāya puṭṭhadhammanidassanaṃ. Kathaṃ bahulīkato…pe… vūpasametīti etthāpi eseva nayo. Tattha <span class="bld">bhāvito</span>ti uppādito vaḍḍhito vā. <span class="bld">Ānāpānassatisamādhī</span>ti ānāpānapariggāhikāya satiyā saddhiṃ sampayutto samādhi. Ānāpānassatiyaṃ vā samādhi ānāpānassatisamādhi. <span class="bld">Bahulīkato</span>ti punappunaṃ kato. <span class="bld">Santoceva paṇīto cā</span>ti santo ceva paṇīto ceva. Ubhayattha eva saddena niyamo veditabbo. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Ayañhi yathā asubhakammaṭṭhānaṃ kevalaṃ paṭivedhavasena santañca paṇītañca, oḷārikārammaṇattā pana paṭikkūlārammaṇattā ca ārammaṇavasena neva santaṃ na paṇītaṃ, na evaṃ kenaci pariyāyena asanto vā apaṇīto vā, atha kho ārammaṇasantatāyapi santo vūpasanto nibbuto, paṭivedhasaṅkhātaaṅgasantatāyapi. Ārammaṇapaṇītatāyapi paṇīto atittikaro, aṅgapaṇītatāyapīti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘santo ceva paṇīto cā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Asecanako <a name="V1.0257"></a> ca sukho ca vihāroti ettha pana nāssa secananti <span class="bld">asecanako,</span> anāsittako abbokiṇṇo pāṭiyekko āveṇiko. Natthi ettha parikammena vā upacārena vā santatā. Ādisamannāhārato pabhuti attano sabhāveneva santo ca paṇīto cāti attho. Keci pana asecanakoti anāsittako ojavanto sabhāveneva <a name="M1.0260"></a> madhuroti vadanti. Evaṃ ayaṃ <span class="bld">asecanako ca,</span> appitappitakkhaṇe kāyikacetasikasukhapaṭilābhāya saṃvattanato <span class="bld">sukho ca vihāro</span>ti veditabbo. <span class="bld">Uppannuppanne</span>ti avikkhambhite avikkhambhite. <span class="bld">Pāpake</span>ti lāmake. <span class="bld">Akusale dhamme</span>ti akosallasambhūte dhamme. <span class="bld">Ṭhānaso antaradhāpetī</span>ti khaṇeneva antaradhāpeti vikkhambheti. <span class="bld">Vūpasametī</span>ti suṭṭhu upasameti. Nibbedhabhāgiyattā vā anupubbena ariyamaggavuddhippatto samucchindati, paṭippassambhetīti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ panettha saṅkhepattho. Bhikkhave, kena pakārena kenākārena kena vidhinā bhāvito ānāpānassatisamādhi kena pakārena bahulīkato santo ceva…pe… vūpasametīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para217"></a><span class="paranum">217</span>. Idāni tamatthaṃ vitthārento ‘‘idha, bhikkhave’’tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">idha bhikkhave bhikkhū</span>ti bhikkhave, imasmiṃ sāsane bhikkhu. Ayañhi ettha <span class="bld">idha</span>saddo sabbappakāraānāpānassatisamādhinibbattakassa puggalassa sannissayabhūtasāsanaparidīpano aññasāsanassa tathābhāvapaṭisedhano ca. Vuttañhetaṃ – idheva, bhikkhave, samaṇo…pe… suññā parappavādā samaṇebhi aññehī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.139). Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘imasmiṃ sāsane bhikkhū’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Araññagato vā…pe… suññāgāragato vā</span>ti idamassa ānāpānassatisamādhibhāvanānurūpasenāsanapariggahaparidīpanaṃ. Imassa hi bhikkhuno dīgharattaṃ rūpādīsu ārammaṇesu anuvisaṭaṃ cittaṃ ānāpānassatisamādhiārammaṇaṃ abhiruhituṃ na icchati, kūṭagoṇayuttaratho viya uppathameva dhāvati. Tasmā seyyathāpi nāma gopo kūṭadhenuyā sabbaṃ khīraṃ pivitvā vaḍḍhitaṃ kūṭavacchaṃ dametukāmo dhenuto apanetvā ekamante mahantaṃ thambhaṃ nikhaṇitvā tattha yottena bandheyya, athassa so vaccho ito cito ca vipphanditvā palāyituṃ asakkonto tameva thambhaṃ upanisīdeyya vā upanipajjeyya vā, evameva imināpi bhikkhunā dīgharattaṃ rūpārammaṇādirasapānavaḍḍhitaṃ duṭṭhacittaṃ dametukāmena rūpādiārammaṇato apanetvā araññaṃ vā…pe… suññāgāraṃ vā pavesetvā tattha assāsapassāsathambhe satiyottena bandhitabbaṃ. Evamassa <a name="V1.0258"></a> taṃ cittaṃ ito cito ca vipphanditvāpi pubbe āciṇṇārammaṇaṃ alabhamānaṃ satiyottaṃ chinditvā palāyituṃ <a name="M1.0261"></a> asakkontaṃ tamevārammaṇaṃ upacārappanāvasena upanisīdati ceva upanipajjati ca. Tenāhu porāṇā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yathā thambhe nibandheyya, vacchaṃ damaṃ naro idha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bandheyyevaṃ sakaṃ cittaṃ, satiyārammaṇe daḷha’’nti. (pārā. aṭṭha. 2.165; dī. ni. aṭṭha. 3.374; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.107);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamassetaṃ senāsanaṃ bhāvanānurūpaṃ hoti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘idamassa ānāpānassatisamādhibhāvanānurūpasenāsanapariggahaparidīpana’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā yasmā idaṃ kammaṭṭhānappabhede muddhabhūtaṃ sabbaññubuddhapaccekabuddhabuddhasāvakānaṃ visesādhigamadiṭṭhadhammasukhavihārapadaṭṭhānaṃ ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhānaṃ itthipurisahatthiassādisaddasamākulaṃ gāmantaṃ apariccajitvā na sukaraṃ bhāvetuṃ, saddakaṇṭakattā jhānassa. Agāmake pana araññe sukaraṃ yogāvacarena idaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ pariggahetvā ānāpānacatutthajjhānaṃ nibbattetvā tadeva pādakaṃ katvā saṅkhāre sammasitvā aggaphalaṃ arahattaṃ sampāpuṇituṃ. Tasmāssa anurūpasenāsanaṃ dassento bhagavā ‘‘araññagato vā’’tiādimāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vatthuvijjācariyo viya hi bhagavā, so yathā vatthuvijjācariyo nagarabhūmiṃ passitvā suṭṭhu upaparikkhitvā ‘‘ettha nagaraṃ māpethā’’ti upadisati, sotthinā ca nagare niṭṭhite rājakulato mahāsakkāraṃ labhati, evameva yogāvacarassa anurūpasenāsanaṃ upaparikkhitvā ‘‘ettha kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjitabba’’nti upadisati, tato tattha kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuttena yoginā kamena arahatte patte ‘‘sammāsambuddho vata so bhagavā’’ti mahantaṃ sakkāraṃ labhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana bhikkhu dīpisadisoti vuccati. Yathā hi mahādīpirājā araññe tiṇagahanaṃ vā vanagahanaṃ vā pabbatagahanaṃ vā nissāya nilīyitvā vanamahiṃsagokaṇṇasūkarādayo mige gaṇhāti, evameva ayaṃ araññādīsu kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjanto bhikkhu yathākkamena sotāpattisakadāgāmianāgāmiarahattamagge ceva ariyaphalañca gaṇhatīti veditabbo. Tenāhu porāṇā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yathāpi <a name="M1.0262"></a><a name="V1.0259"></a> dīpiko nāma, nilīyitvā gaṇhatī mige;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Tathevāyaṃ buddhaputto, yuttayogo vipassako;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Araññaṃ pavisitvāna, gaṇhāti phalamuttama’’nti. (pārā. aṭṭha. 2.165; dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.374; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.107);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tenassa parakkamajavayoggabhūmiṃ araññasenāsanaṃ dassento bhagavā ‘‘araññagato vā’’tiādimāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para218"></a><span class="paranum">218</span>. Tattha <span class="bld">araññagato</span>ti ‘‘araññanti nikkhamitvā bahi indakhīlā sabbametaṃ arañña’’nti (vibha. 529) ca, ‘‘āraññakaṃ nāma senāsanaṃ pañcadhanusatikaṃ pacchima’’nti (pārā. 654) ca evaṃ vuttalakkhaṇesu araññesu yaṃkiñci pavivekasukhaṃ araññaṃ gato. <span class="bld">Rukkhamūlagato</span>ti rukkhasamīpaṃ gato. <span class="bld">Suññāgāragato</span>ti suññaṃ vivittokāsaṃ gato. Ettha ca ṭhapetvā araññañca rukkhamūlañca avasesasattavidhasenāsanagatopi suññāgāragatoti vattuṃ vaṭṭati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamassa ututtayānukūlaṃ dhātucariyānukūlañca ānāpānassatibhāvanānurūpaṃ senāsanaṃ upadisitvā alīnānuddhaccapakkhikaṃ santaṃ iriyāpathaṃ upadisanto <span class="bld">nisīdatī</span>ti āha. Athassa nisajjāya daḷhabhāvaṃ assāsapassāsānaṃ pavattanasukhataṃ ārammaṇapariggahūpāyañca dassento pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvātiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">pallaṅka</span>nti samantato ūrubaddhāsanaṃ. <span class="bld">Ābhujitvā</span>ti bandhitvā. <span class="bld">Ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāyā</span>ti uparimasarīraṃ ujukaṃ ṭhapetvā. Aṭṭhārasapiṭṭhikaṇṭake koṭiyā koṭiṃ paṭipādetvā. Evañhi nisīdantassa cammamaṃsanhārūni na paṇamanti. Athassa yā tesaṃ paṇamanappaccayā khaṇe khaṇe vedanā uppajjeyyuṃ, tā na uppajjanti. Tāsu anuppajjamānāsu cittaṃ ekaggaṃ hoti, kammaṭṭhānaṃ na paripatati, vuddhiṃ phātiṃ upagacchati. <span class="bld">Parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā</span>ti kammaṭṭhānābhimukhaṃ satiṃ ṭhapayitvā. Atha vā <span class="bld">parī</span>ti pariggahaṭṭho. <span class="bld">Mukha</span>nti niyyānaṭṭho. <span class="bld">Satī</span>ti upaṭṭhānaṭṭho. Tena vuccati ‘‘parimukhaṃ sati’’nti evaṃ <span class="bld">paṭisambhidāyaṃ</span> (paṭi. ma. 1.164) vuttanayenapettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Tatrāyaṃ saṅkhepo, pariggahitaniyyānaṃ satiṃ katvāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para219"></a><span class="paranum">219</span>. <span class="bld">So</span> <a name="M1.0263"></a> <span class="bld">satova assasati sato passasatī</span>ti so bhikkhu evaṃ nisīditvā evañca satiṃ <a name="V1.0260"></a> upaṭṭhapetvā taṃ satiṃ avijahanto sato eva assasati sato passasati, satokārī hotīti vuttaṃ hoti. Idāni yehākārehi satokārī hoti, te dassetuṃ dīghaṃ vā assasantotiādimāha. Vuttañhetaṃ <span class="bld">paṭisambhidāyaṃ</span> ‘‘so satova assasati sato passasatī’’ti etasseva <span class="bld">vibhaṅge</span> –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Bāttiṃsāya ākārehi sato kārī hoti. Dīghaṃ assāsavasena cittassa ekaggataṃ avikkhepaṃ pajānato sati upaṭṭhitā hoti. Tāya satiyā tena ñāṇena sato kārī hoti. Dīghaṃ passāsavasena…pe… paṭinissaggānupassī assāsavasena. Paṭinissaggānupassī passāsavasena cittassa ekaggataṃ avikkhepaṃ pajānato sati upaṭṭhitā hoti. Tāya satiyā tena ñāṇena sato kārī hotī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.165).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">dīghaṃ vā assasanto</span>ti dīghaṃ vā assāsaṃ pavattayanto. <span class="bld">Assāso</span>ti bahi nikkhamanavāto. <span class="bld">Passāso</span>ti anto pavisanavātoti <span class="bld">vinayaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Suttantaṭṭhakathāsu</span> pana uppaṭipāṭiyā āgataṃ. Tattha sabbesampi gabbhaseyyakānaṃ mātukucchito nikkhamanakāle paṭhamaṃ abbhantaravāto bahi nikkhamati. Pacchā bāhiravāto sukhumarajaṃ gahetvā abbhantaraṃ pavisanto tāluṃ āhacca nibbāyati. Evaṃ tāva assāsapassāsā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yā pana tesaṃ dīgharassatā, sā addhānavasena veditabbā. Yathā hi okāsaddhānaṃ pharitvā ṭhitaṃ udakaṃ vā vālikā vā ‘‘dīghamudakaṃ dīghā vālikā, rassamudakaṃ rassā vālikā’’ti vuccati, evaṃ cuṇṇavicuṇṇāpi assāsapassāsā hatthisarīre ca ahisarīre ca tesaṃ attabhāvasaṅkhātaṃ dīghaṃ addhānaṃ saṇikaṃ pūretvā saṇikameva nikkhamanti. Tasmā dīghāti vuccanti. Sunakhasasādīnaṃ attabhāvasaṅkhātaṃ rassaṃ addhānaṃ sīghaṃ pūretvā sīghameva nikkhamanti, tasmā rassāti vuccanti. Manussesu pana keci hatthiahiādayo viya kāladdhānavasena dīghaṃ assasanti ca passasanti ca. Keci sunakhasasādayo viya rassaṃ, tasmā tesaṃ kālavasena dīghamaddhānaṃ <a name="M1.0264"></a> nikkhamantā ca pavisantā ca te ‘‘dīghā’’ ittaramaddhānaṃ nikkhamantā ca pavisantā ca ‘‘rassā’’ti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyaṃ <a name="V1.0261"></a> bhikkhu navahākārehi dīghaṃ assasanto passasanto ca ‘‘dīghaṃ assasāmi, passasāmī’’ti pajānāti. Evaṃ pajānato cassa ekenākārena kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānabhāvanā sampajjatīti veditabbā. Yathāha <span class="bld">paṭisambhidāyaṃ</span> (paṭi. ma. 1.166) –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Kathaṃ dīghaṃ assasanto dīghaṃ assasāmīti pajānāti. Dīghaṃ passasanto dīghaṃ passasāmīti pajānāti. Dīghaṃ assāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte assasati. Dīghaṃ passāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte passasati. Dīghaṃ assāsapassāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte assasatipi passasatipi. Dīghaṃ assāsapassāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte assasatopi passasatopi chando uppajjati. Chandavasena tato sukhumataraṃ dīghaṃ assāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte assasati. Chandavasena tato sukhumataraṃ dīghaṃ passāsaṃ…pe… dīghaṃ assāsapassāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte assasatipi passasatipi. Chandavasena tato sukhumataraṃ dīghaṃ assāsapassāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte assasatopi passasatopi pāmojjaṃ uppajjati. Pāmojjavasena tato sukhumataraṃ dīghaṃ assāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte assasati. Pāmojjavasena tato sukhumataraṃ dīghaṃ passāsaṃ…pe… dīghaṃ assāsapassāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte assasatipi passasatipi. Pāmojjavasena tato sukhumataraṃ dīghaṃ assāsapassāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte assasatopi passasatopi dīghaṃ assāsapassāsā cittaṃ vivattati, upekkhā saṇṭhāti. Imehi navahi ākārehi dīghaṃ assāsapassāsā kāyo. Upaṭṭhānaṃ sati. Anupassanā ñāṇaṃ. Kāyo upaṭṭhānaṃ, no sati. Sati upaṭṭhānañceva sati ca. Tāya satiyā tena ñāṇena taṃ kāyaṃ anupassati. Tena vuccati kāye kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānabhāvanā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Esa <a name="M1.0265"></a> nayo rassapadepi. Ayaṃ pana viseso, yathā ettha ‘‘dīghaṃ assāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte’’ti vuttaṃ, evamidha ‘‘rassaṃ assāsaṃ ittarasaṅkhāte assasatī’’ti āgataṃ. Tasmā rassavasena yāva ‘‘tena vuccati kāye kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānabhāvanā’’ti, tāva yojetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ ayaṃ addhānavasena ittaravasena ca imehākārehi assāsapassāse pajānanto dīghaṃ vā assasanto dīghaṃ assasāmīti pajānāti…pe… rassaṃ vā passasanto rassaṃ passasāmīti pajānātīti veditabbo. Evaṃ pajānato cassa –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Dīgho <a name="V1.0262"></a> rasso ca assāso,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Passāsopi ca tādiso;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Cattāro vaṇṇā vattanti,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Nāsikaggeva bhikkhunoti. (pārā. aṭṭha. 2.165);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para220"></a><span class="paranum">220</span>. <span class="bld">Sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmi…pe… passasissāmīti sikkhatī</span>ti sakalassa assāsakāyassa ādimajjhapariyosānaṃ viditaṃ karonto pākaṭaṃ karonto assasissāmīti sikkhati. Sakalassa passāsakāyassa ādimajjhapariyosānaṃ viditaṃ karonto pākaṭaṃ karonto passasissāmīti sikkhati. Evaṃ viditaṃ karonto pākaṭaṃ karonto ñāṇasampayuttacittena assasati ceva passasati ca. Tasmā ‘‘assasissāmi passasissāmī’’ti sikkhatīti vuccati. Ekassa hi bhikkhuno cuṇṇavicuṇṇavisaṭe assāsakāye passāsakāye vā ādi pākaṭo hoti, na majjhapariyosānaṃ. So ādimeva pariggahetuṃ sakkoti, majjhapariyosāne kilamati. Ekassa majjhaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, na ādipariyosānaṃ. Ekassa pariyosānaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, na ādimajjhaṃ. So pariyosānaṃyeva pariggahetuṃ sakkoti, ādimajjhe kilamati. Ekassa sabbampi pākaṭaṃ hoti, so sabbampi pariggahetuṃ sakkoti, na katthaci kilamati, tādisena bhavitabbanti dassento āha – ‘‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmīti…pe… passasissāmīti sikkhatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="M1.0266"></a> <span class="bld">sikkhatī</span>ti evaṃ ghaṭati vāyamati. Yo vā tathābhūtassa saṃvaro, ayamettha adhisīlasikkhā. Yo tathābhūtassa samādhi, ayaṃ adhicittasikkhā. Yā tathābhūtassa paññā, ayaṃ adhipaññāsikkhāti imā tisso sikkhāyo tasmiṃ ārammaṇe tāya satiyā tena manasikārena sikkhati āsevati bhāveti bahulīkarotīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yasmā purimanaye kevalaṃ assasitabbaṃ passasitabbameva, na ca aññaṃ kiñci kātabbaṃ. Ito paṭṭhāya pana ñāṇuppādanādīsu yogo karaṇīyo. Tasmā tattha assasāmīti pajānāti passasāmīti pajānāticceva vattamānakālavasena pāḷiṃ vatvā ito paṭṭhāya kattabbassa ñāṇuppādanādino ākārassa dassanatthaṃ sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmītiādinā nayena anāgatavacanavasena pāḷi āropitāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Passambhayaṃ</span> <a name="V1.0263"></a> <span class="bld">kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmīti…pe… passasissāmīti sikkhatī</span>ti oḷārikaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passambhento paṭippassambhento nirodhento vūpasamento assasissāmi passasissāmīti sikkhati. Tatra evaṃ oḷārikasukhumatā ca passaddhi ca veditabbā. Imassa hi bhikkhuno pubbe apariggahitakāle kāyo ca cittañca sadarathā honti oḷārikā. Kāyacittānaṃ oḷārikatte avūpasante assāsapassāsāpi oḷārikā honti, balavatarā hutvā pavattanti, nāsikā nappahoti, mukhena assasantopi passasantopi tiṭṭhati. Yadā panassa kāyopi cittampi pariggahitā honti, tadā te santā honti vūpasantā. Tesu vūpasantesu assāsapassāsā sukhumā hutvā pavattanti, ‘‘atthi nu kho natthī’’ti vicetabbatākārappattā honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Seyyathāpi purisassa dhāvitvā, pabbatā vā orohitvā, mahābhāraṃ vā sīsato oropetvā ṭhitassa oḷārikā assāsapassāsā honti, nāsikā nappahoti, mukhena assasantopi passasantopi tiṭṭhati. Yadā panesa taṃ parissamaṃ vinodetvā nhatvā ca pivitvā ca allasāṭakaṃ hadaye katvā sītāya chāyāya nipanno hoti, athassa te assāsapassāsā <a name="M1.0267"></a> sukhumā honti ‘‘atthi nu kho natthī’’ti vicetabbatākārappattā, evameva imassa bhikkhuno pubbe apariggahitakāle kāyo ca…pe… vicetabbatākārappattā honti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hissa pubbe apariggahitakāle ‘‘oḷārikoḷārike kāyasaṅkhāre passambhemī’’ti ābhogasamannāhāramanasikārapaccavekkhaṇā natthi, pariggahitakāle pana atthi. Tenassa apariggahitakālato pariggahitakāle kāyasaṅkhāro sukhumo hoti. Tenāhu porāṇā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sāraddhe kāye citte ca, adhimattaṃ pavattati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Asāraddhamhi kāyamhi, sukhumaṃ sampavattatī’’ti. (pārā. aṭṭha. 2.165);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para221"></a><span class="paranum">221</span>. Pariggahepi oḷāriko, paṭhamajjhānupacāre sukhumo. Tasmimpi oḷāriko, paṭhamajjhāne sukhumo. Paṭhamajjhāne ca dutiyajjhānupacāre ca oḷāriko, dutiyajjhāne sukhumo. Dutiyajjhāne ca tatiyajjhānupacāre ca oḷāriko, tatiyajjhāne sukhumo. Tatiyajjhāne ca catutthajjhānupacāre ca oḷāriko, catutthajjhāne atisukhumo appavattimeva pāpuṇātīti. Idaṃ tāva <span class="bld">dīghabhāṇakasaṃyuttabhāṇakānaṃ</span> mataṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Majjhimabhāṇakā</span> <a name="V1.0264"></a> pana paṭhamajjhāne oḷāriko, dutiyajjhānupacāre sukhumoti evaṃ heṭṭhimaheṭṭhimajjhānato uparūparijjhānupacārepi sukhumataramicchanti. Sabbesaññeva pana matena apariggahitakāle pavattakāyasaṅkhāro pariggahitakāle paṭippassambhati. Pariggahitakāle pavattakāyasaṅkhāro paṭhamajjhānupacāre…pe… catutthajjhānupacāre pavattakāyasaṅkhāro catutthajjhāne paṭippassambhati. Ayaṃ tāva <span class="bld">samathe</span> nayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vipassanāyaṃ</span> pana apariggahe pavatto kāyasaṅkhāro oḷāriko, mahābhūtapariggahe sukhumo. Sopi oḷāriko, upādārūpapariggahe sukhumo. Sopi oḷāriko, sakalarūpapariggahe sukhumo. Sopi oḷāriko, arūpapariggahe sukhumo. Sopi oḷāriko, rūpārūpapariggahe sukhumo. Sopi oḷāriko, paccayapariggahe sukhumo. Sopi oḷāriko, sappaccayanāmarūpapariggahe sukhumo. Sopi oḷāriko, lakkhaṇārammaṇikavipassanāya sukhumo. Sopi dubbalavipassanāya oḷāriko, balavavipassanāya sukhumo. Tattha pubbe vuttanayeneva purimassa purimassa pacchimena <a name="M1.0268"></a> pacchimena paṭippassaddhi veditabbā. Evamettha oḷārikasukhumatā ca passaddhi ca veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paṭisambhidāyaṃ (paṭi. ma. 1.171) panassa saddhiṃ codanāsodhanāhi evamattho vutto –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Kathaṃ passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmi…pe… passasissāmīti sikkhati? Katame kāyasaṅkhārā? Dīghaṃ assāsapassāsā kāyikā ete dhammā kāyapaṭibaddhā kāyasaṅkhārā. Te kāyasaṅkhāre passambhento nirodhento vūpasamento sikkhati…pe… yathārūpehi kāyasaṅkhārehi kāyassa ānamanā, vinamanā, sannamanā, paṇamanā, iñjanā, phandanā, calanā, kampanā passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmīti sikkhati, passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmīti sikkhati. Yathārūpehi kāyasaṅkhārehi kāyassa na ānamanā, na vinamanā, na sannamanā, na paṇamanā, aniñjanā, aphandanā, acalanā, akampanā santaṃ sukhumaṃ passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmi passasissāmīti sikkhati.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Iti kira passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmīti sikkhati. Passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ <a name="V1.0265"></a> passasissāmīti sikkhati. Evaṃ sante vātūpaladdhiyā ca pabhāvanā na hoti. Assāsapassāsānañca pabhāvanā na hoti. Ānāpānassatiyā ca pabhāvanā na hoti, ānāpānassatisamādhissa ca pabhāvanā na hoti, na ca naṃ taṃ samāpattiṃ paṇḍitā samāpajjantipi vuṭṭhahantipi.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Iti kira passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmi passasissāmīti sikkhati. Evaṃ sante vātūpaladdhiyā ca pabhāvanā hoti, assāsapassāsānañca pabhāvanā hoti, ānāpānassatiyā ca pabhāvanā hoti, ānāpānassatisamādhissa ca pabhāvanā hoti, tañca naṃ samāpattiṃ paṇḍitā samāpajjantipi vuṭṭhahantipi. Yathā kathaṃ viya?</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Seyyathāpi kaṃse ākoṭite paṭhamaṃ oḷārikā saddā pavattanti. Oḷārikānaṃ saddānaṃ nimittaṃ sugahitattā sumanasikatattā sūpadhāritattā niruddhepi oḷārike sadde atha pacchā sukhumakā <a name="M1.0269"></a> saddā pavattanti. Sukhumakānaṃ saddānaṃ nimittaṃ suggahitattā sumanasikatattā sūpadhāritattā niruddhepi sukhumake sadde atha pacchā sukhumasaddanimittārammaṇatāpi cittaṃ pavattati, evameva paṭhamaṃ oḷārikā assāsapassāsā pavattanti. Oḷārikānaṃ assāsapassāsānaṃ nimittaṃ suggahitattā sumanasikatattā sūpadhāritattā niruddhepi oḷārike assāsapassāse atha pacchā sukhumakā assāsapassāsā pavattanti. Sukhumakānaṃ assāsapassāsānaṃ nimittaṃ suggahitattā sumanasikatattā sūpadhāritattā niruddhepi sukhumake assāsapassāse atha pacchā sukhumaassāsapassāsanimittārammaṇatāpi cittaṃ na vikkhepaṃ gacchati.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Evaṃ sante vātūpaladdhiyā ca pabhāvanā hoti, assāsapassāsānañca pabhāvanā hoti, ānāpānassatiyā ca pabhāvanā hoti, ānāpānassatisamādhissa ca pabhāvanā hoti, tañca naṃ samāpattiṃ paṇḍitā samāpajjantipi vuṭṭhahantipi. Passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assāsapassāsā kāyo, upaṭṭhānaṃ sati, anupassanā ñāṇaṃ, kāyo upaṭṭhānaṃ, no sati, sati upaṭṭhānañceva sati ca, tāya satiyā tena ñāṇena taṃ kāyaṃ anupassati. Tena vuccati kāye kāyānupassanā satipaṭṭhānabhāvanā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ <a name="V1.0266"></a> tāvettha kāyānupassanāvasena vuttassa paṭhamacatukkassa anupubbapadavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para222"></a><span class="paranum">222</span>. Yasmā panettha idameva catukkaṃ ādikammikassa kammaṭṭhānavasena vuttaṃ. Itarāni pana tīṇi catukkāni ettha pattajjhānassa vedanācittadhammānupassanāvasena vuttāni. Tasmā idaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvetvā ānāpānacatutthajjhānapadaṭṭhānāya vipassanāya saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇitukāmena ādikammikena kulaputtena pubbe vuttanayeneva sīlaparisodhanādīni sabbakiccāni katvā vuttappakārassa ācariyassa santike pañcasandhikaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ uggahetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrime <a name="M1.0270"></a> pañca sandhayo uggaho, paripucchā, upaṭṭhānaṃ, appanā, lakkhaṇanti. Tattha <span class="bld">uggaho</span> nāma kammaṭṭhānassa uggaṇhanaṃ. <span class="bld">Paripucchā</span> nāma kammaṭṭhānassa paripucchanā. <span class="bld">Upaṭṭhānaṃ</span> nāma kammaṭṭhānassa upaṭṭhānaṃ. <span class="bld">Appanā</span> nāma kammaṭṭhānassa appanā. <span class="bld">Lakkhaṇaṃ</span> nāma kammaṭṭhānassa lakkhaṇaṃ. ‘‘Evaṃlakkhaṇamidaṃ kammaṭṭhāna’’nti kammaṭṭhānasabhāvūpadhāraṇanti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ pañcasandhikaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ uggaṇhanto attanāpi na kilamati, ācariyampi na viheseti. Tasmā thokaṃ uddisāpetvā bahukālaṃ sajjhāyitvā evaṃ pañcasandhikaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ uggahetvā ācariyassa santike vā aññatra vā pubbe vuttappakāre senāsane vasantena upacchinnakhuddakapalibodhena katabhattakiccena bhattasammadaṃ paṭivinodetvā sukhanisinnena ratanattayaguṇānussaraṇena cittaṃ sampahaṃsetvā ācariyuggahato ekapadampi asammuyhantena idaṃ ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhānaṃ manasi kātabbaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ manasikāravidhi –</p>
<p class="hangnum"><a name="para223"></a><span class="paranum">223</span>.</p>
<p class="gatha1"> Gaṇanā anubandhanā, phusanā ṭhapanā sallakkhaṇā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vivaṭṭanā pārisuddhi, tesañca paṭipassanāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">gaṇanā</span>ti gaṇanāyeva. <span class="bld">Anubandhanā</span>ti anuvahanā. <span class="bld">Phusanā</span>ti phuṭṭhaṭṭhānaṃ. <span class="bld">Ṭhapanā</span>ti appanā. <span class="bld">Sallakkhaṇā</span>ti vipassanā. <span class="bld">Vivaṭṭanā</span>ti maggo. <span class="bld">Pārisuddhī</span>ti phalaṃ. <span class="bld">Tesañca paṭipassanā</span>ti paccavekkhaṇā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha iminā ādikammikena kulaputtena paṭhamaṃ gaṇanāya idaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasi kātabbaṃ<a name="V1.0267"></a>. Gaṇentena ca pañcannaṃ heṭṭhā na ṭhapetabbaṃ. Dasannaṃ upari na netabbaṃ. Antarā khaṇḍaṃ na dassetabbaṃ. Pañcannaṃ heṭṭhā ṭhapentassa hi sambādhe okāse cittuppādo vipphandati sambādhe vaje sanniruddhagogaṇo viya. Dasannampi upari nentassa gaṇananissitako cittuppādo hoti. Antarā khaṇḍaṃ dassentassa ‘‘sikhāppattaṃ nu kho me kammaṭṭhānaṃ, no’’ti cittaṃ vikampati. Tasmā ete dose vajjetvā gaṇetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gaṇentena ca paṭhamaṃ dandhagaṇanāya <span class="bld">dhaññamāpakagaṇanāya</span> gaṇetabbaṃ. Dhaññamāpako hi nāḷiṃ pūretvā ‘‘eka’’nti vatvā okirati. Puna pūrento kiñci kacavaraṃ disvā taṃ chaḍḍento ‘‘ekaṃ eka’’nti vadati. Esa nayo dve dvetiādīsu. Evameva imināpi assāsapassāsesu yo upaṭṭhāti, taṃ <a name="M1.0271"></a> gahetvā ‘‘ekaṃ eka’’nti ādiṃ katvā yāva ‘‘dasa dasā’’ti pavattamānaṃ pavattamānaṃ upalakkhetvāva gaṇetabbaṃ. Tassa evaṃ gaṇayato nikkhamantā ca pavisantā ca assāsapassāsā pākaṭā honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Athānena taṃ dandhagaṇanaṃ dhaññamāpakagaṇanaṃ pahāya sīghagaṇanāya <span class="bld">gopālakagaṇanāya</span> gaṇetabbaṃ. Cheko hi gopālako sakkharādayo ucchaṅgena gahetvā rajjudaṇḍahattho pātova vajaṃ gantvā gāvo piṭṭhiyaṃ paharitvā palighatthambhamatthake nisinno dvārappattaṃ dvārappattaṃyeva gāviṃ ekā dveti sakkharaṃ khipitvā gaṇeti. Tiyāmarattiṃ sambādhe okāse dukkhaṃ vutthagogaṇo nikkhamanto nikkhamanto aññamaññaṃ upanighaṃsanto vegena vegena puñjapuñjo hutvā nikkhamati. So vegena vegena ‘‘tīṇi cattāri pañca dasā’’ti gaṇetiyeva, evamimassāpi purimanayena gaṇayato assāsapassāsā pākaṭā hutvā sīghaṃ sīghaṃ punappunaṃ sañcaranti. Tatonena ‘‘punappunaṃ sañcarantī’’ti ñatvā anto ca bahi ca agahetvā dvārappattaṃ dvārappattaṃyeva gahetvā ‘‘eko dve tīṇi cattāri pañca cha. Eko dve tīṇi cattāri pañca cha satta…pe… aṭṭha, nava, dasā’’ti sīghaṃ sīyaṃ gaṇetabbameva. Gaṇanapaṭibaddhe hi kammaṭṭhāne gaṇanabaleneva cittaṃ ekaggaṃ hoti, arittupatthambhanavasena caṇḍasote nāvāṭṭhapanamiva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassevaṃ sīghaṃ sīghaṃ gaṇayato kammaṭṭhānaṃ nirantaraṃ pavattaṃ viya hutvā upaṭṭhāti. Atha nirantaraṃ pavattatīti ñatvā anto ca bahi ca vātaṃ apariggahetvā purimanayeneva vegena vegena gaṇetabbaṃ. Anto pavisanavātena hi saddhiṃ cittaṃ pavesayato abbhantaraṃ vātabbhāhataṃ medapūritaṃ <a name="V1.0268"></a> viya hoti. Bahi nikkhamanavātena saddhiṃ cittaṃ nīharato bahiddhā puthuttārammaṇe cittaṃ vikkhipati. Phuṭṭhaphuṭṭhokāse pana satiṃ ṭhapetvā bhāventasseva bhāvanā sampajjati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘anto ca bahi ca vātaṃ apariggahetvā purimanayeneva vegena vegena gaṇetabba’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kīvaciraṃ panetaṃ gaṇetabbanti? Yāva vinā gaṇanāya assāsapassāsārammaṇe sati santiṭṭhati. Bahivisaṭavitakkavicchedaṃ katvā assāsapassāsārammaṇe satisaṇṭhāpanatthaṃyeva hi gaṇanāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para224"></a><span class="paranum">224</span>. Evaṃ <a name="M1.0272"></a> gaṇanāya manasi katvā <span class="bld">anubandhanāya</span> manasi kātabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Anubandhanā</span> nāma gaṇanaṃ paṭisaṃharitvā satiyā nirantaraṃ assāsapassāsānaṃ anugamanaṃ. Tañca kho na ādimajjhapariyosānānugamanavasena. Bahinikkhamanavātassa hi nābhi ādi, hadayaṃ majjhaṃ, nāsikaggaṃ pariyosānaṃ. Abbhantaraṃ pavisanavātassa nāsikaggaṃ ādi, hadayaṃ majjhaṃ nābhi pariyosānaṃ. Tañcassa anugacchato vikkhepagataṃ cittaṃ sāraddhāya ceva hoti iñjanāya ca. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Assāsādimajjhapariyosānaṃ satiyā anugacchato ajjhattaṃ vikkhepagatena cittena kāyopi cittampi sāraddhā ca honti iñjitā ca phanditā ca. Passāsādimajjhapariyosānaṃ satiyā anugacchato bahiddhā vikkhepagatena cittena kāyopi cittampi sāraddhā ca honti iñjitā ca phanditā cā’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.157).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmā anubandhanāya manasikarontena ādimajjhapariyosānavasena na manasi kātabbaṃ. Apica kho <span class="bld">phusanāvasena</span> ca <span class="bld">ṭhapanāvasena</span> ca manasi kātabbaṃ. Gaṇanānubandhanāvasena viya hi phusanāṭhapanāvasena visuṃ manasikāro natthi. Phuṭṭhaphuṭṭhaṭṭhāneyeva pana gaṇento gaṇanāya ca phusanāya ca manasi karoti. Tattheva gaṇanaṃ paṭisaṃharitvā te satiyā anubandhanto, appanāvasena ca cittaṃ ṭhapento anubandhanāya ca phusanāya ca ṭhapanāya ca manasi karotīti vuccati. Svāyamattho <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāsu</span> vuttapaṅguḷadovārikūpamāhi <span class="bld">paṭisambhidāyaṃ</span> vuttakakacūpamāya ca veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para225"></a><span class="paranum">225</span>. Tatrāyaṃ <span class="bld">paṅguḷopamā</span> – seyyathāpi paṅguḷo dolāya kīḷataṃ mātāputtānaṃ dolaṃ khipitvā <a name="V1.0269"></a> tattheva dolāthambhamūle nisinno kamena āgacchantassa ca gacchantassa ca dolāphalakassa ubho koṭiyo majjhañca passati, na ca ubhokoṭimajjhānaṃ dassanatthaṃ byāvaṭo hoti, evamevāyaṃ bhikkhu sativasena upanibandhanathambhamūle ṭhatvā assāsapassāsadolaṃ khipitvā tattheva nimitte satiyā nisīdanto kamena āgacchantānañca gacchantānañca phuṭṭhaṭṭhāne assāsapassāsānaṃ ādimajjhapariyosānaṃ satiyā anugacchanto tattha ca cittaṃ ṭhapento passati, na ca tesaṃ dassanatthaṃ byāvaṭo hoti, ayaṃ paṅguḷopamā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para226"></a><span class="paranum">226</span>. Ayaṃ <a name="M1.0273"></a> pana <span class="bld">dovārikūpamā</span> – seyyathāpi dovāriko nagarassa anto ca bahi ca purise ‘‘ko tvaṃ, kuto vā āgato, kuhiṃ vā gacchasi, kiṃ vā te hatthe’’ti na vīmaṃsati. Na hi tassa te bhārā, dvārappattaṃ dvārappattaṃyeva pana vīmaṃsati, evameva imassa bhikkhuno antopaviṭṭhavātā ca bahinikkhantavātā ca na bhārā honti, dvārappattā dvārappattāyeva bhārāti ayaṃ dovārikūpamā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para227"></a><span class="paranum">227</span>. <span class="bld">Kakacūpamā</span> pana ādito paṭṭhāya evaṃ veditabbā. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nimittaṃ assāsapassāsā, anārammaṇamekacittassa;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ajānato ca tayo dhamme, bhāvanā nupalabbhati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nimittaṃ assāsapassāsā, anārammaṇamekacittassa;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Jānato ca tayo dhamme, bhāvanā upalabbhatī’’ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.159);</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Kathaṃ ime tayo dhammā ekacittassa ārammaṇā na honti, na cime tayo dhammā aviditā honti, na ca cittaṃ vikkhepaṃ gacchati, padhānañca paññāyati, payogañca sādheti, visesamadhi gacchati? Seyyathāpi rukkho same bhūmibhāge nikkhitto, tamenaṃ puriso kakacena chindeyya. Rukkhe phuṭṭhakakacadantānaṃ vasena purisassa sati upaṭṭhitā hoti, na āgate vā gate vā <a name="V1.0270"></a> kakacadante manasi karoti, na āgatā vā gatā vā kakacadantā aviditā honti, padhānañca paññāyati, payogañca sādheti, visesamadhigacchati.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Yathā rukkho same bhūmibhāge nikkhitto, evaṃ upanibandhanānimittaṃ. Yathā kakacadantā, evaṃ assāsapassāsā. Yathā rukkhe phuṭṭhakakacadantānaṃ vasena purisassa sati upaṭṭhitā hoti, na āgate vā gate vā kakacadante manasi karoti, na āgatā vā gatā vā kakacadantā aviditā honti, padhānañca paññāyati, payogañca sādheti, visesamadhigacchati, evameva bhikkhu nāsikagge vā mukhanimitte vā satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā nisinno hoti, na āgate vā gate vā assāsapassāse manasi karoti, na ca āgatā vā gatā vā assāsapassāsā aviditā <a name="M1.0274"></a> honti, padhānañca paññāyati, payogañca sādheti, visesamadhigacchati.</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Padhānanti katamaṃ <span class="bld">padhānaṃ</span>? Āraddhavīriyassa kāyopi cittampi kammaniyaṃ hoti, idaṃ padhānaṃ. Katamo <span class="bld">payogo</span>? Āraddhavīriyassa upakkilesā pahīyanti, vitakkā vūpasamanti, ayaṃ payogo. Katamo <span class="bld">viseso</span>? Āraddhavīriyassa saṃyojanā pahīyanti, anusayā byantī honti, ayaṃ viseso. Evaṃ ime tayo dhammā ekacittassa ārammaṇā na honti, na cime tayo dhammā aviditā honti, na ca cittaṃ vikkhepaṃ gacchati, padhānañca paññāyati, payogañca sādheti, visesamadhigacchati (paṭi. ma. 1.159).</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Ānāpānassati yassa, paripuṇṇā subhāvitā;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Anupubbaṃ paricitā, yathā buddhena desitā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">So imaṃ lokaṃ pabhāseti, abbhā muttova candimā’’ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.160);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ kakacūpamā. Idha panassa āgatāgatavasena amanasikāramattameva payojananti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para228"></a><span class="paranum">228</span>. Idaṃ <a name="V1.0271"></a> kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasikaroto kassaci na cireneva nimittañca uppajjati, avasesajhānaṅgapaṭimaṇḍitā appanāsaṅkhātā ṭhapanā ca sampajjati. Kassaci pana gaṇanāvaseneva manasikārakālato pabhuti anukkamato oḷārikaassāsapassāsanirodhavasena kāyadarathe vūpasante kāyopi cittampi lahukaṃ hoti, sarīraṃ ākāse laṅghanākārappattaṃ viya hoti. Yathā sāraddhakāyassa mañce vā pīṭhe vā nisīdato mañcapīṭhaṃ onamati, vikūjati, paccattharaṇaṃ valiṃ gaṇhāti. Asāraddhakāyassa pana nisīdato neva mañcapīṭhaṃ onamati, na vikūjati, na paccattharaṇaṃ valiṃ gaṇhāti, tūlapicupūritaṃ viya mañcapīṭhaṃ hoti. Kasmā? Yasmā asāraddho kāyo lahuko hoti. Evameva gaṇanāvasena manasikārakālato pabhuti anukkamato oḷārikaassāsapassāsanirodhavasena kāyadarathe vūpasante kāyopi cittampi lahukaṃ hoti, sarīraṃ ākāse laṅghanākārappattaṃ viya hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassa <a name="M1.0275"></a> oḷārike assāsapassāse niruddhe sukhumassāsapassāsanimittārammaṇaṃ cittaṃ pavattati. Tasmimpi niruddhe aparāparaṃ tato sukhumataraṃ sukhumataraṃ nimittārammaṇaṃ pavattatiyeva. Kathaṃ? Yathā puriso mahatiyā lohasalākāya kaṃsathālaṃ ākoṭeyya, ekappahārena mahāsaddo uppajjeyya, tassa oḷārikasaddārammaṇaṃ cittaṃ pavatteyya. Niruddhe oḷārike sadde atha pacchā sukhumasaddanimittārammaṇaṃ, tasmimpi niruddhe aparāparaṃ tato sukhumataraṃ sukhumataraṃ saddanimittārammaṇaṃ pavattateva, evanti veditabbaṃ. Vuttampicetaṃ – ‘‘seyyathāpi kaṃse ākoṭite’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.171) vitthāro.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para229"></a><span class="paranum">229</span>. Yathā hi aññāni kammaṭṭhānāni uparūpari vibhūtāni honti, na tathā idaṃ. Idaṃ pana uparūpari bhāventassa sukhumattaṃ gacchati, upaṭṭhānampi na upagacchati, evaṃ anupaṭṭhahante pana tasmiṃ tena bhikkhunā uṭṭhāyāsanā cammakhaṇḍaṃ papphoṭetvā na gantabbaṃ. Kiṃ kātabbaṃ? ‘‘Ācariyaṃ pucchissāmī’’ti vā, ‘‘naṭṭhaṃ dāni me kammaṭṭhāna’’nti vā na vuṭṭhātabbaṃ. Iriyāpathaṃ vikopetvā gacchato hi kammaṭṭhānaṃ navanavameva hoti. Tasmā yathānisinneneva desato āharitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyaṃ āharaṇūpāyo, tena hi bhikkhunā kammaṭṭhānassa anupaṭṭhānabhāvaṃ ñatvā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ, ime assāsapassāsā nāma kattha atthi, kattha natthi. Kassa vā atthi, kassa <a name="V1.0272"></a> vā natthīti. Athevaṃ paṭisañcikkhatā ime antomātukucchiyaṃ natthi, udake nimuggānaṃ natthi, tathā asaññībhūtānaṃ, matānaṃ, catutthajjhānasamāpannānaṃ, rūpārūpabhavasamaṅgīnaṃ, nirodhasamāpannānanti ñatvā evaṃ attanāva attā paṭicodetabbo ‘‘nanu tvaṃ, paṇḍita, neva mātukucchigato, na udake nimuggo, na asaññībhūto, na mato, na catutthajjhānasamāpanno, na rūpārūpabhavasamaṅgī, na nirodhasamāpanno. Atthiyeva te assāsapassāsā, mandapaññatāya pana pariggahetuṃ na sakkosī’’ti. Athānena pakatiphuṭṭhavasena cittaṃ ṭhapetvā manasikāro pavattetabbo. Ime hi dīghanāsikassa nāsāpuṭaṃ ghaṭṭentā pavattanti. Rassanāsikassa uttaroṭṭhaṃ. Tasmānena imaṃ nāma ṭhānaṃ ghaṭṭentīti nimittaṃ ṭhapetabbaṃ. Imameva hi atthavasaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ bhagavatā – ‘‘nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, muṭṭhasatissa asampajānassa ānāpānassatibhāvanaṃ vadāmī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.149; saṃ. ni. 5.992).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para230"></a><span class="paranum">230</span>. Kiñcāpi <a name="M1.0276"></a> hi yaṃkiñci kammaṭṭhānaṃ satassa sampajānasseva sampajjati. Ito aññaṃ pana manasikarontassa pākaṭaṃ hoti. Idaṃ pana ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhānaṃ garukaṃ garukabhāvanaṃ buddhapaccekabuddhabuddhaputtānaṃ mahāpurisānaṃyeva manasikārabhūmibhūtaṃ, na ceva ittaraṃ, na ca ittarasattasamāsevitaṃ. Yathā yathā manasi karīyati, tathā tathā santañceva hoti sukhumañca. Tasmā ettha balavatī sati ca paññā ca icchitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā hi maṭṭhasāṭakassa tunnakaraṇakāle sūcipi sukhumā icchitabbā. Sūcipāsavedhanampi tato sukhumataraṃ, evameva maṭṭhasāṭakasadisassa imassa kammaṭṭhānassa bhāvanākāle sūcipaṭibhāgā satipi, sūcipāsavedhanapaṭibhāgā taṃsampayuttā paññāpi balavatī icchitabbā. Tāhi ca pana satipaññāhi samannāgatena bhikkhunā na te assāsapassāsā aññatra pakatiphuṭṭhokāsā pariyesitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā pana kassako kasiṃ kasitvā balībadde muñcitvā gocaramukhe katvā chāyāya nisinno vissameyya, athassa te balībaddā vegena aṭaviṃ paviseyyuṃ. Yo hoti cheko kassako, so puna te gahetvā yojetukāmo na tesaṃ anupadaṃ gantvā aṭaviṃ āhiṇḍahi, atha kho rasmiñca patodañca gahetvā ujukameva tesaṃ nipātanatitthaṃ gantvā nisīdati vā nipajjati vā, atha te goṇe divasabhāgaṃ caritvā nipātanatitthaṃ otaritvā nhatvā ca pivitvā <a name="V1.0273"></a> ca paccuttaritvā ṭhite disvā rasmiyā bandhitvā patodena vijjhanto ānetvā yojetvā puna kammaṃ karoti, evameva tena bhikkhunā na te assāsapassāsā aññatra pakatiphuṭṭhokāsā pariyesitabbā. Satirasmiṃ pana paññāpatodañca gahetvā pakatiphuṭṭhokāse cittaṃ ṭhapetvā manasikāro pavattetabbo. Evañhissa manasikaroto na cirasseva te upaṭṭhahanti nipātanatitthe viya goṇā. Tatonena satirasmiyā bandhitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne yojetvā paññāpatodena vijjhantena punappunaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para231"></a><span class="paranum">231</span>. Tassevamanuyuñjato na cirasseva nimittaṃ upaṭṭhāti. Taṃ panetaṃ na sabbesaṃ ekasadisaṃ hoti. Apica kho kassaci sukhasamphassaṃ uppādayamāno tūlapicu viya kappāsapicu viya vātadhārā viya ca upaṭṭhātīti ekacce āhu.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ <a name="M1.0277"></a> pana <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāsu vinicchayo,</span> idañhi kassaci tārakarūpaṃ viya maṇiguḷikā viya muttāguḷikā viya ca, kassaci kharasamphassaṃ hutvā kappāsaṭṭhi viya dārusārasūci viya ca, kassaci dīghapāmaṅgasuttaṃ viya kusumadāmaṃ viya dhūmasikhā viya ca, kassaci vitthataṃ makkaṭakasuttaṃ viya valāhakapaṭalaṃ viya padumapupphaṃ viya rathacakkaṃ viya candamaṇḍalaṃ viya sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ viya ca upaṭṭhāti. Tañca panetaṃ yathā sambahulesu bhikkhūsu suttantaṃ sajjhāyitvā nisinnesu ekena bhikkhunā ‘‘tumhākaṃ kīdisaṃ hutvā idaṃ suttaṃ upaṭṭhātī’’ti vutte eko ‘‘mayhaṃ mahatī pabbateyyā nadī viya hutvā upaṭṭhātī’’ti āha. Aparo ‘‘mayhaṃ ekā vanarāji viya’’. Añño ‘‘mayhaṃ eko sītacchāyo sākhāsampanno phalabhārabharitarukkho viyā’’ti. Tesaṃ hi taṃ ekameva suttaṃ saññānānatāya nānato upaṭṭhāti. Evaṃ ekameva kammaṭṭhānaṃ saññānānatāya nānato upaṭṭhāti. Saññajañhi etaṃ saññānidānaṃ saññāpabhavaṃ. Tasmā saññānānatāya nānato upaṭṭhātīti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca aññameva assāsārammaṇaṃ cittaṃ, aññaṃ passāsārammaṇaṃ, aññaṃ nimittārammaṇaṃ. Yassa hi ime tayo dhammā natthi, tassa kammaṭṭhānaṃ neva appanaṃ, na upacāraṃ pāpuṇāti. Yassa pana ime tayo dhammā atthi, tasseva kammaṭṭhānaṃ upacārañca appanañca pāpuṇāti. Vuttañhetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nimittaṃ <a name="V1.0274"></a> assāsapassāsā, anārammaṇamekacittassa;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ajānato tayo dhamme, bhāvanā nupalabbhati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nimittaṃ assāsapassāsā, anārammaṇamekacittassa;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Jānatova tayo dhamme, bhāvanā upalabbhatī’’ti. (pārā. aṭṭha. 2.165);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para232"></a><span class="paranum">232</span>. Evaṃ upaṭṭhite pana nimitte tena bhikkhunā ācariyassa santikaṃ gantvā ārocetabbaṃ ‘‘mayhaṃ, bhante, evarūpaṃ nāma upaṭṭhātī’’ti. Ācariyena pana etaṃ nimittanti vā na vā nimittanti na vattabbaṃ. ‘‘Evaṃ hoti, āvuso’’ti vatvā punappunaṃ manasi karohīti vattabbo. Nimittanti hi vutte vosānaṃ āpajjeyya. Na nimittanti vutte nirāso visīdeyya. Tasmā tadubhayampi avatvā manasikāreyeva niyojetabboti. Evaṃ tāva <span class="bld">dīghabhāṇakā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Majjhimabhāṇakā</span> panāhu ‘‘nimittamidaṃ, āvuso, kammaṭṭhānaṃ punappunaṃ manasi karohi sappurisāti vattabbo’’ti. Athānena nimitteyeva cittaṃ ṭhapetabbaṃ<a name="M1.0278"></a>. Evamassāyaṃ ito pabhuti ṭhapanāvasena bhāvanā hoti. Vuttañhetaṃ porāṇehi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Nimitte ṭhapayaṃ cittaṃ, nānākāraṃ vibhāvayaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dhīro assāsapassāse, sakaṃ cittaṃ nibandhatī’’ti. (pārā. aṭṭha. 2.165);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassevaṃ nimittupaṭṭhānato pabhuti nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhitāneva honti, kilesā sannisinnāva. Sati upaṭṭhitāyeva. Cittaṃ upacārasamādhinā samāhitameva. Athānena taṃ nimittaṃ neva vaṇṇato manasi kātabbaṃ, na lakkhaṇato paccavekkhitabbaṃ. Apica kho khattiyamahesiyā cakkavattigabbho viya kassakena sāliyavagabbho viya ca āvāsādīni satta asappāyāni vajjetvā tāneva satta sappāyāni sevantena sādhukaṃ rakkhitabbaṃ. Atha naṃ evaṃ rakkhitvā punappunaṃ manasikāravasena vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ gamayitvā dasavidhaṃ appanākosallaṃ sampādetabbaṃ, vīriyasamatā <a name="V1.0275"></a> yojetabbā. Tassevaṃ ghaṭentassa pathavīkasiṇe vuttānukkameneva tasmiṃ nimitte catukkapañcakajjhānāni nibbattanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para233"></a><span class="paranum">233</span>. Evaṃ nibbattacatukkapañcakajjhāno panettha bhikkhu <span class="bld">sallakkhaṇāvivaṭṭanā</span>vasena kammaṭṭhānaṃ vaḍḍhetvā <span class="bld">pārisuddhiṃ</span> pattukāmo tadeva jhānaṃ pañcahākārehi vasippattaṃ paguṇaṃ katvā nāmarūpaṃ vavatthapetvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapeti. Kathaṃ? So hi samāpattito vuṭṭhāya assāsapassāsānaṃ samudayo karajakāyo ca cittañcāti passati. Yathā hi kammāragaggariyā dhamamānāya bhastañca purisassa ca tajjaṃ vāyāmaṃ paṭicca vāto sañcarati, evameva kāyañca cittañca paṭicca assāsapassāsāti. Tato assāsapassāse ca kāyañca rūpanti cittañca taṃsampayuttadhamme ca arūpanti vavatthapeti. Ayamettha saṅkhepo. Vitthārato pana nāmarūpavavatthānaṃ parato āvibhavissati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ nāmarūpaṃ vavatthapetvā tassa paccayaṃ pariyesati. Pariyesanto ca naṃ disvā tīsupi addhāsu nāmarūpassa pavattiṃ ārabbha kaṅkhaṃ vitarati. Vitiṇṇakaṅkho kalāpasammasanavasena tilakkhaṇaṃ āropetvā udayabbayānupassanāya pubbabhāge uppanne obhāsādayo dasa vipassanupakkilese pahāya <a name="M1.0279"></a> upakkilesavimuttaṃ paṭipadāñāṇaṃ maggoti vavatthapetvā udayaṃ pahāya bhaṅgānupassanaṃ patvā nirantaraṃ bhaṅgānupassanena vayato upaṭṭhitesu sabbasaṅkhāresu nibbindanto virajjanto vimuccanto yathākkamena cattāro ariyamagge pāpuṇitvā arahattaphale patiṭṭhāya ekūnavīsatibhedassa paccavekkhaṇāñāṇassa pariyantaṃ patto sadevakassa lokassa aggadakkhiṇeyyo hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatā cassa gaṇanaṃ ādiṃ katvā vipassanāpariyosānā ānāpānassatisamādhibhāvanā samattā hotīti ayaṃ sabbākārato paṭhamacatukkavaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para234"></a><span class="paranum">234</span>. Itaresu pana tīsu catukkesu yasmā visuṃ kammaṭṭhānabhāvanānayo nāma natthi. Tasmā anupadavaṇṇanānayeneva tesaṃ evaṃ attho veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pītipaṭisaṃvedī</span>ti pītiṃ paṭisaṃviditaṃ karonto pākaṭaṃ karonto assasissāmi passasissāmīti <a name="V1.0276"></a> sikkhati. Tattha dvīhākārehi pīti paṭisaṃviditā hoti ārammaṇato ca asammohato ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ <span class="bld">ārammaṇato</span> pīti paṭisaṃviditā hoti? Sappītike dve jhāne samāpajjati. Tassa samāpattikkhaṇe jhānapaṭilābhena ārammaṇato pīti paṭisaṃviditā hoti, ārammaṇassa paṭisaṃviditattā. Kathaṃ <span class="bld">asammohato</span>? Sappītike dve jhāne samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya jhānasampayuttaṃ pītiṃ khayato vayato sammasati. Tassa vipassanākkhaṇe lakkhaṇapaṭivedhena asammohato pīti paṭisaṃviditā hoti. Vuttañhetaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ (paṭi. ma. 1.172) –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Dīghaṃ assāsavasena cittassa ekaggataṃ avikkhepaṃ pajānato sati upaṭṭhitā hoti. Tāya satiyā tena ñāṇena sā pīti paṭisaṃviditā hoti. Dīghaṃ passāsavasena… rassaṃ assāsavasena… rassaṃ passāsavasena… sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī assāsapassāsavasena… passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assāsapassāsavasena cittassa ekaggataṃ avikkhepaṃ pajānato sati <a name="M1.0280"></a> upaṭṭhitā hoti. Tāya satiyā tena ñāṇena sā pīti paṭisaṃviditā hoti. Āvajjato sā pīti paṭisaṃviditā hoti. Jānato passato paccavekkhato cittaṃ adhiṭṭhahato saddhāya adhimuccato vīriyaṃ paggaṇhato satiṃ upaṭṭhāpayato cittaṃ samādahato paññāya pajānato abhiññeyyaṃ pariññeyyaṃ pahātabbaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ sacchikātabbaṃ sacchikaroto sā pīti paṭisaṃviditā hoti. Evaṃ sā pīti paṭisaṃviditā hotī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Eteneva nayena avasesapadānipi atthato veditabbāni. Idampanettha visesamattaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ jhānānaṃ vasena <span class="bld">sukhapaṭisaṃveditā,</span> catunnampi vasena <span class="bld">cittasaṅkhārapaṭisaṃveditā</span> veditabbā. <span class="bld">Cittasaṅkhāro</span>ti vedanādayo dve khandhā. Sukhapaṭisaṃvedīpade cettha vipassanābhūmidassanatthaṃ ‘‘sukhanti dve sukhāni kāyikañca sukhaṃ cetasikañcā’’ti paṭisambhidāyaṃ (paṭi. ma. 1.173) vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Passambhayaṃ cittasaṅkhāra</span>nti oḷārikaṃ oḷārikaṃ cittasaṅkhāraṃ passambhento, nirodhentoti attho. So vitthārato kāyasaṅkhāre vuttanayeneva veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apicettha pītipade pītisīsena vedanā vuttā. Sukhapade sarūpeneva vedanā. Dvīsu cittasaṅkhārapadesu <a name="V1.0277"></a> ‘‘saññā ca vedanā ca cetasikā ete dhammā cittapaṭibaddhā cittasaṅkhārā’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.174; ma. ni. 1.463) vacanato saññāsampayuttā vedanāti evaṃ <span class="bld">vedanānupassanānayena</span> idaṃ catukkaṃ bhāsitanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para235"></a><span class="paranum">235</span>. Tatiyacatukkepi catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ vasena <span class="bld">cittapaṭisaṃveditā</span> veditabbā. <span class="bld">Abhippamodayaṃ citta</span>nti cittaṃ modento pamodento hāsento pahāsento assasissāmi passasissāmīti sikkhati. Tattha dvīhākārehi abhippamodo hoti samādhivasena ca vipassanāvasena ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ <span class="bld">samādhivasena</span>? Sappītike dve jhāne samāpajjati. So samāpattikkhaṇe sampayuttapītiyā cittaṃ āmodeti pamodeti. Kathaṃ <span class="bld">vipassanāvasena</span>? Sappītike dve jhāne samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya jhānasampayuttapītiṃ khayato vayato sammasati. Evaṃ vipassanākkhaṇe jhānasampayuttaṃ pītiṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā cittaṃ āmodeti pamodeti. Evaṃ <a name="M1.0281"></a> paṭipanno ‘‘abhippamodayaṃ cittaṃ assasissāmi passasissāmīti sikkhatī’’ti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Samādahaṃ citta</span>nti paṭhamajjhānādivasena ārammaṇe cittaṃ samaṃ ādahanto samaṃ ṭhapento. Tāni vā pana jhānāni samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya jhānasampayuttaṃ cittaṃ khayato vayato sampassato vipassanākkhaṇe lakkhaṇapaṭivedhena uppajjati khaṇikacittekaggatā. Evaṃ uppannāya khaṇikacittekaggatāya vasenapi ārammaṇe cittaṃ samaṃ ādahanto samaṃ ṭhapento ‘‘samādahaṃ cittaṃ assasissāmi passasissāmīti sikkhatī’’ti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vimocayaṃ citta</span>nti paṭhamajjhānena nīvaraṇehi cittaṃ mocento vimocento, dutiyena vitakkavicārehi, tatiyena pītiyā, catutthena sukhadukkhehi cittaṃ mocento vimocento. Tāni vā pana jhānāni samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya jhānasampayuttaṃ cittaṃ khayato vayato sammasati. So vipassanākkhaṇe aniccānupassanāya niccasaññāto cittaṃ mocento, dukkhānupassanāya sukhasaññāto, anattānupassanāya attasaññāto, nibbidānupassanāya nandito, virāgānupassanāya rāgato, nirodhānupassanāya samudayato, paṭinissaggānupassanāya ādānato cittaṃ mocento assasati ceva passasati ca. Tena vuccati ‘‘vimocayaṃ cittaṃ assasissāmi <a name="V1.0278"></a> passasissāmīti sikkhatī’’ti. Evaṃ <span class="bld">cittānupassanāvasena</span> idaṃ catukkaṃ bhāsitanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para236"></a><span class="paranum">236</span>. Catutthacatukke pana <span class="bld">aniccānupassī</span>ti ettha tāva aniccaṃ veditabbaṃ. Aniccatā veditabbā. Aniccānupassanā veditabbā. Aniccānupassī veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">anicca</span>nti pañcakkhandhā. Kasmā? Uppādavayaññathattabhāvā. <span class="bld">Aniccatā</span>ti tesaṃyeva uppādavayaññathattaṃ, hutvā abhāvo vā, nibbattānaṃ tenevākārena aṭṭhatvā khaṇabhaṅgena bhedoti attho. <span class="bld">Aniccānupassanā</span>ti tassā aniccatāya vasena rūpādīsu aniccanti anupassanā. <span class="bld">Aniccānupassī</span>ti tāya anupassanāya samannāgato. Tasmā evaṃbhūto assasanto <a name="M1.0282"></a> passasanto ca idha ‘‘aniccānupassī assasissāmi passasissāmīti sikkhatī’’ti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Virāgānupassī</span>ti ettha pana dve virāgā khayavirāgo ca accantavirāgo ca. Tattha <span class="bld">khayavirāgo</span>ti saṅkhārānaṃ khaṇabhaṅgo. <span class="bld">Accantavirāgo</span>ti nibbānaṃ. <span class="bld">Virāgānupassanā</span>ti tadubhayadassanavasena pavattā vipassanā ca maggo ca. Tāya duvidhāyapi anupassanāya samannāgato hutvā assasanto passasanto ca ‘‘virāgānupassī assasissāmi passasissāmīti sikkhatī’’ti veditabbo. <span class="bld">Nirodhānupassī</span>padepi eseva nayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paṭinissaggānupassī</span>ti etthāpi dve paṭinissaggā pariccāgapaṭinissaggo ca pakkhandanapaṭinissaggo ca. Paṭinissaggoyeva anupassanā paṭinissaggānupassanā. Vipassanāmaggānaṃ etamadhivacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vipassanā</span> hi tadaṅgavasena saddhiṃ khandhābhisaṅkhārehi kilese pariccajati, saṅkhatadosadassanena ca tabbiparīte nibbāne tanninnatāya pakkhandatīti <span class="bld">pariccāgapaṭinissaggo</span> ceva <span class="bld">pakkhandanapaṭinissaggo</span>ti ca vuccati. <span class="bld">Maggo</span> samucchedavasena saddhiṃ khandhābhisaṅkhārehi kilese pariccajati, ārammaṇakaraṇena ca nibbāne pakkhandatīti <span class="bld">pariccāgapaṭinissaggo</span> ceva <span class="bld">pakkhandanapaṭinissaggo</span>ti ca vuccati. Ubhayampi pana purimapurimaññāṇānaṃ anuanupassanato <span class="bld">anupassanā</span>ti vuccati. Tāya duvidhāyapi paṭinissaggānupassanāya samannāgato hutvā assasanto <a name="V1.0279"></a> passasanto ca ‘‘paṭinissaggānupassī assasissāmi passasissāmīti sikkhatī’’ti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ catutthacatukkaṃ suddhavipassanāvaseneva vuttaṃ. Purimāni pana tīṇi samathavipassanāvasena. Evaṃ catunnaṃ catukkānaṃ vasena soḷasavatthukāya ānāpānassatiyā bhāvanā veditabbā. Evaṃ soḷasavatthuvasena ca pana ayaṃ ānāpānassati mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṃsā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para237"></a><span class="paranum">237</span>. Tatrassa ‘‘ayampi kho, bhikkhave, ānāpānassatisamādhi bhāvito bahulīkato santo ceva paṇīto cā’’tiādivacanato santabhāvādivasenāpi mahānisaṃsatā veditabbā, vitakkupacchedasamatthatāyapi. Ayañhi santapaṇītaasecanakasukhavihārattā samādhiantarāyakarānaṃ vitakkānaṃ vasena ito cito ca cittassa vidhāvanaṃ vicchinditvā ānāpānārammaṇābhimukhameva <a name="M1.0283"></a> cittaṃ karoti. Teneva vuttaṃ ‘‘ānāpānassati bhāvetabbā vitakkupacchedāyā’’ti (a. ni. 9.1).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vijjāvimuttipāripūriyā mūlabhāvenāpi cassā mahānisaṃsatā veditabbā. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – ‘‘ānāpānassati, bhikkhave, bhāvitā bahulīkatā cattāro satipaṭṭhāne paripūreti, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satta bojjhaṅge paripūrenti, satta bojjhaṅgā bhāvitā bahulīkatā vijjāvimuttiṃ paripūrentī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.147).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica carimakānaṃ assāsapassāsānaṃ viditabhāvakaraṇatopissā mahānisaṃsatā veditabbā. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – ‘‘evaṃ bhāvitāya kho, rāhula, ānāpānassatiyā evaṃ bahulīkatāya yepi te carimakā assāsapassāsā, tepi viditāva nirujjhanti, no aviditā’’ti (ma. ni. 2.121).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para238"></a><span class="paranum">238</span>. Tattha nirodhavasena tayo carimakā bhavacarimakā, jhānacarimakā, cuticarimakāti. Bhavesu hi kāmabhave assāsapassāsā pavattanti, rūpārūpabhavesu nappavattanti, tasmā <a name="V1.0280"></a> te <span class="bld">bhavacarimakā</span>. Jhānesu purime jhānattaye pavattanti, catutthe nappavattanti, tasmā te <span class="bld">jhānacarimakā</span>. Ye pana cuticittassa purato soḷasamena cittena saddhiṃ uppajjitvā cuticittena saha nirujjhanti, ime <span class="bld">cuticarimakā</span> nāma. Ime idha ‘‘carimakā’’ti adhippetā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imaṃ kira kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuttassa bhikkhuno ānāpānārammaṇassa suṭṭhu pariggahitattā cuticittassa purato soḷasamassa cittassa uppādakkhaṇe uppādaṃ āvajjayato uppādopi nesaṃ pākaṭo hoti. Ṭhitiṃ āvajjayato ṭhitipi nesaṃ pākaṭā hoti. Bhaṅgaṃ āvajjayato ca bhaṅgo nesaṃ pākaṭo hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ito aññaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvetvā arahattaṃ pattassa bhikkhuno hi āyuantaraṃ paricchinnaṃ vā hoti aparicchinnaṃ vā. Idaṃ pana soḷasavatthukaṃ ānāpānassatiṃ bhāvetvā arahattaṃ pattassa āyuantaraṃ paricchinnameva hoti. So ‘‘ettakaṃ dāni me āyusaṅkhārā pavattissanti, na ito <a name="M1.0284"></a> para’’nti ñatvā attano dhammatāya eva sarīrapaṭijaggananivāsanapārupanādīni sabbakiccāni katvā akkhīni nimīleti koṭapabbatavihāravāsītissatthero viya mahākarañjiyavihāravāsīmahātissatthero viya devaputtamahāraṭṭhe piṇḍapātikatissatthero viya cittalapabbatavihāravāsino dve bhātiyattherā viya ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatridaṃ ekavatthuparidīpanaṃ. Dvebhātiyattherānaṃ kireko puṇṇamuposathadivase pātimokkhaṃ osāretvā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto attano vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā caṅkame ṭhito candālokaṃ oloketvā attano āyusaṅkhāre upadhāretvā bhikkhusaṅghamāha – ‘‘tumhehi kathaṃ parinibbāyantā bhikkhū diṭṭhapubbā’’ti. Tatra keci āhaṃsu ‘‘amhehi āsane nisinnakāva parinibbāyantā diṭṭhapubbā’’ti. Keci ‘‘amhehi ākāse pallaṅkamābhujitvā nisinnakā’’ti. Thero āha – ‘‘ahaṃ dāni vo caṅkamantameva parinibbāyamānaṃ dassessāmī’’ti tato caṅkame lekhaṃ katvā ‘‘ahaṃ ito caṅkamakoṭito parakoṭiṃ gantvā nivattamāno imaṃ lekhaṃ patvāva parinibbāyissāmī’’ti vatvā caṅkamaṃ oruyha parabhāgaṃ gantvā nivattamāno ekena pādena lekhaṃ akkantakkhaṇeyeva parinibbāyi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā have appamatto, anuyuñjetha paṇḍito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ anekānisaṃsaṃ, ānāpānassatiṃ sadāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ ānāpānassatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Upasamānussatikathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para239"></a><span class="paranum">239</span>. Ānāpānassatiyā <a name="V1.0281"></a> anantaraṃ uddiṭṭhaṃ pana upasamānussatiṃ bhāvetukāmena rahogatena paṭisallīnena – ‘‘yāvatā, bhikkhave, dhammā saṅkhatā vā asaṅkhatā vā virāgo tesaṃ dhammānaṃ aggamakkhāyati, yadidaṃ madanimmadano pipāsavinayo ālayasamugghāto vaṭṭupacchedo taṇhakkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbāna’’nti (a. ni. 4.34; itivu. 90) evaṃ sabbadukkhūpasamasaṅkhātassa nibbānassa guṇā anussaritabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">yāvatā</span>ti yattakā. <span class="bld">Dhammā</span>ti sabhāvā. <span class="bld">Saṅkhatā vā asaṅkhatā vā</span>ti saṅgamma samāgamma paccayehi katā vā akatā vā. <span class="bld">Virāgo tesaṃ dhammānaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0285"></a> <span class="bld">aggamakkhāyatī</span>ti tesaṃ saṅkhatāsaṅkhatadhammānaṃ virāgo aggamakkhāyati seṭṭho uttamoti vuccati. Tattha <span class="bld">virāgo</span>ti na rāgābhāvamattameva, atha kho <span class="bld">yadidaṃ madanimmadano…pe… nibbāna</span>nti yo so madanimmadanotiādīni nāmāni asaṅkhatadhammo labhati, so virāgoti paccetabbo. So hi yasmā tamāgamma sabbepi mānamadapurisamadādayo madā nimmadā amadā honti vinassanti, tasmā <span class="bld">madanimmadano</span>ti vuccati. Yasmā ca tamāgamma sabbāpi kāmapipāsā vinayaṃ abbhatthaṃ yāti, tasmā <span class="bld">pipāsavinayo</span>ti vuccati. Yasmā pana tamāgamma pañcakāmaguṇālayā samugghātaṃ gacchanti, tasmā <span class="bld">ālayasamugghāto</span>ti vuccati. Yasmā ca tamāgamma tebhūmakaṃ vaṭṭaṃ upacchijjati, tasmā <span class="bld">vaṭṭupacchedo</span>ti vuccati. Yasmā pana tamāgamma sabbaso taṇhā khayaṃ gacchati virajjati nirujjhati ca, tasmā <span class="bld">taṇhakkhayo virāgo nirodho</span>ti vuccati. Yasmā panesa catasso yoniyo pañca gatiyo satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo nava ca sattāvāse aparāparabhāvāya vinanato ābandhanato saṃsibbanato <span class="bld">vāna</span>nti laddhavohārāya taṇhāya nikkhanto nissaṭo visaṃyutto, tasmā <span class="bld">nibbāna</span>nti vuccatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evametesaṃ madanimmadanatādīnaṃ guṇānaṃ vasena nibbānasaṅkhāto upasamo anussaritabbo. Ye vā panaññepi bhagavatā – ‘‘asaṅkhatañca vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi… saccañca… pārañca… sududdasañca… ajarañca… dhuvañca… nippapañcañca… amatañca… sivañca… khemañca… abbhutañca… anītikañca… abyābajjhañca… visuddhiñca… dīpañca… tāṇañca <a name="V1.0282"></a>… leṇañca vo, bhikkhave, desessāmī’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 4.366) suttesu upasamaguṇā vuttā, tesampi vasena anussaritabboyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassevaṃ madanimmadanatādiguṇavasena upasamaṃ anussarato neva tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na dosa… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti <span class="bld">upasamaṃ</span> ārabbhāti buddhānussatiādīsu vuttanayeneva vikkhambhitanīvaraṇassa ekakkhaṇe jhānaṅgāni uppajjanti. Upasamaguṇānaṃ pana gambhīratāya nānappakāraguṇānussaraṇādhimuttatāya vā appanaṃ appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti<a name="M1.0286"></a>. Tadetamupasamaguṇānussaraṇavasena upasamānussaticceva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Cha anussatiyo viya ca ayampi ariyasāvakasseva ijjhati, evaṃ santepi upasamagarukena puthujjanenāpi manasi kātabbā. Sutavasenāpi hi upasame cittaṃ pasīdati. Imañca pana upasamānussatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu sukhaṃ supati, sukhaṃ paṭibujjhati, santindriyo hoti santamānaso hirottappasamannāgato pāsādiko paṇītādhimuttiko sabrahmacārīnaṃ garu ca bhāvanīyo ca. Uttari appaṭivijjhanto pana sugatiparāyano hoti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Tasmā have appamatto, bhāvayetha vicakkhaṇo;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ anekānisaṃsaṃ, ariye upasame satinti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idaṃ upasamānussatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge</p>
<p class="centered">Samādhibhāvanādhikāre</p>
<p class="centered">Anussatikammaṭṭhānaniddeso nāma</p>
<p class="centered">Aṭṭhamo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="chapter">9. Brahmavihāraniddeso</p>
<p class="subhead">Mettābhāvanākathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para240"></a><span class="paranum">240</span>. Anussatikammaṭṭhānānantaraṃ <a name="M1.0287"></a><a name="V1.0283"></a> uddiṭṭhesu pana mettā, karuṇā, muditā, upekkhāti imesu catūsu brahmavihāresu mettaṃ bhāvetukāmena tāva ādikammikena yogāvacarena upacchinnapalibodhena gahitakammaṭṭhānena bhattakiccaṃ katvā bhattasammadaṃ paṭivinodetvā vivitte padese supaññatte āsane sukhanisinnena ādito tāva dose ādīnavo, khantiyañca ānisaṃso paccavekkhitabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmā? Imāya hi bhāvanāya doso pahātabbo, khanti adhigantabbā. Na ca sakkā kiñci adiṭṭhādīnavaṃ pahātuṃ, aviditānisaṃsaṃ vā adhigantuṃ. Tasmā ‘‘duṭṭho kho, āvuso, dosena abhibhūto pariyādiṇṇacitto pāṇampi hanatī’’tiādīnaṃ (a. ni. 3.72) vasena dose ādīnavo daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Khantī paramaṃ tapo titikkhā, nibbānaṃ paramaṃ vadanti buddhā’’; (Dī. ni. 2.90; dha. pa. 184);</p>
<p class="gathalast">‘‘Khantibalaṃ balānīkaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ’’. (dha. pa. 399; su. ni. 628);</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Khantā bhiyyo na vijjatī’’tiādīnaṃ (saṃ. ni. 1.250) vasena khantiyaṃ ānisaṃso veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Athevaṃ diṭṭhādīnavato dosato cittaṃ vivecanatthāya, viditānisaṃsāya ca khantiyā saṃyojanatthāya <a name="V1.0284"></a> mettābhāvanā ārabhitabbā. Ārabhantena ca āditova puggalabhedo jānitabbo ‘‘imesu puggalesu mettā paṭhamaṃ na bhāvetabbā, imesu neva bhāvetabbā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayañhi mettā appiyapuggale, atippiyasahāyake, majjhatte, verīpuggaleti imesu catūsu paṭhamaṃ na bhāvetabbā. Liṅgavisabhāge odhiso na bhāvetabbā. Kālakate na bhāvetabbāva. Kiṃkāraṇā appiyādīsu paṭhamaṃ na bhāvetabbā? Appiyaṃ hi piyaṭṭhāne ṭhapento kilamati. Atippiyasahāyakaṃ majjhattaṭṭhāne ṭhapento kilamati, appamattakepi cassa dukkhe uppanne ārodanākārappatto viya hoti. Majjhattaṃ <a name="M1.0288"></a> garuṭṭhāne ca piyaṭṭhāne ca ṭhapento kilamati. Verimanussarato kodho uppajjati, tasmā appiyādīsu paṭhamaṃ na bhāvetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Liṅgavisabhāge pana tameva ārabbha odhiso bhāventassa rāgo uppajjati. Aññataro kira amaccaputto kulūpakattheraṃ pucchi ‘‘bhante, kassa mettā bhāvetabbā’’ti? Thero ‘‘piyapuggale’’ti āha. Tassa attano bhariyā piyā hoti. So tassā mettaṃ bhāvento sabbarattiṃ bhittiyuddhamakāsi. Tasmā liṅgavisabhāge odhiso na bhāvetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kālakate pana bhāvento neva appanaṃ, na upacāraṃ pāpuṇāti. Aññataro kira daharabhikkhu ācariyaṃ ārabbha mettaṃ ārabhi. Tassa mettā nappavattati. So mahātherassa santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘bhante, paguṇāva me mettājhānasamāpatti, na ca naṃ samāpajjituṃ sakkomi, kiṃ nu kho kāraṇa’’nti āha. Thero ‘‘nimittaṃ, āvuso, gavesāhī’’ti āha. So gavesanto ācariyassa matabhāvaṃ ñatvā aññaṃ ārabbha mettāyanto samāpattiṃ appesi. Tasmā kālakate na bhāvetabbāva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para241"></a><span class="paranum">241</span>. Sabbapaṭhamaṃ pana ‘‘ahaṃ sukhito homi niddukkho’’ti vā, ‘‘avero abyāpajjo anīgho sukhī attānaṃ pariharāmī’’ti vā evaṃ punappunaṃ attaniyeva bhāvetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ sante yaṃ vibhaṅge (vibha. 643) vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Kathañca bhikkhu mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati? Seyyathāpi <a name="V1.0285"></a> nāma ekaṃ puggalaṃ piyaṃ manāpaṃ disvā mettāyeyya, evameva sabbe satte mettāya pharatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Yañca paṭisambhidāyaṃ (paṭi. ma. 2.22) –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Katamehi pañcahākārehi anodhisopharaṇā mettā cetovimutti bhāvetabbā, sabbe sattā averā hontu’’ abyāpajjā anīghā sukhī attānaṃ pariharantu. Sabbe pāṇā… sabbe bhūtā… sabbe puggalā… sabbe attabhāvapariyāpannā averā abyāpajjā anīghā sukhī attānaṃ pariharantū’’tiādi –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vuttaṃ. Yañca mettasutte (khu. pā. 9.3; su. ni. 145) –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sukhinova <a name="M1.0289"></a> khemino hontu,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sabbasattā bhavantu sukhitattā’’tiādi. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Vuttaṃ, taṃ virujjhati. Na hi tattha attani bhāvanā vuttāti ce. Tañca na virujjhati. Kasmā? Tañhi appanāvasena vuttaṃ. Idaṃ sakkhibhāvavasena.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sacepi hi vassasataṃ vassasahassaṃ vā ‘‘ahaṃ sukhito homī’’tiādinā nayena attani mettaṃ bhāveti, nevassa appanā uppajjati. ‘‘Ahaṃ sukhito homī’’ti bhāvayato pana yathā ahaṃ sukhakāmo dukkhapaṭikkūlo jīvitukāmo amaritukāmo ca, evaṃ aññepi sattāti attānaṃ sakkhiṃ katvā aññasattesu hitasukhakāmatā uppajjati. Bhagavatāpi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Sabbā disā anuparigamma cetasā,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Nevajjhagā piyataramattanā kvaci;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Evaṃ piyo puthu attā paresaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tasmā na hiṃse paramattakāmo’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.119; udā. 41); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Vadatā <a name="V1.0286"></a> ayaṃ nayo dassito.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para242"></a><span class="paranum">242</span>. Tasmā sakkhibhāvatthaṃ paṭhamaṃ attānaṃ mettāya pharitvā tadanantaraṃ sukhappavattanatthaṃ yvāyaṃ piyo manāpo garu bhāvanīyo ācariyo vā ācariyamatto vā upajjhāyo vā upajjhāyamatto vā tassa dānapiyavacanādīni piyamanāpattakāraṇāni sīlasutādīni garubhāvanīyattakāraṇāni ca anussaritvā ‘‘esa sappuriso sukhī hotu niddukkho’’tiādinā nayena mettā bhāvetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evarūpe ca puggale kāmaṃ appanā sampajjati, iminā pana bhikkhunā tāvatakeneva tuṭṭhiṃ anāpajjitvā sīmāsambhedaṃ kattukāmena tadanantaraṃ atippiyasahāyake, atippiyasahāyakato majjhatte, majjhattato verīpuggale mettā bhāvetabbā. Bhāventena ca ekekasmiṃ koṭṭhāse muduṃ kammaniyaṃ cittaṃ katvā tadanantare tadanantare upasaṃharitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yassa <a name="M1.0290"></a> pana verīpuggalo vā natthi, mahāpurisajātikattā vā anatthaṃ karontepi pare verīsaññāva nuppajjati, tena ‘‘majjhatte me mettacittaṃ kammaniyaṃ jātaṃ, idāni naṃ verimhi upasaṃharāmī’’ti byāpārova na kātabbo. Yassa pana atthi, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘majjhattato verīpuggale mettā bhāvetabbā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para243"></a><span class="paranum">243</span>. Sace panassa verimhi cittamupasaṃharato tena katāparādhānussaraṇena paṭighamuppajjati, athānena purimapuggalesu yattha katthaci punappunaṃ mettaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhahitvā punappunaṃ taṃ puggalaṃ <span class="bld">mettāyantena</span> paṭighaṃ vinodetabbaṃ. Sace evampi vāyamato na nibbāti, atha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Kakacūpamaovāda-ādīnaṃ anusārato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paṭighassa pahānāya, ghaṭitabbaṃ punappunaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tañca kho iminā ākārena attānaṃ ovadanteneva ‘‘are kujjhanapurisa, nanu vuttaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘Ubhatodaṇḍakena <a name="V1.0287"></a> cepi, bhikkhave, kakacena corā ocarakā aṅgamaṅgāni okanteyyuṃ, tatrāpi yo mano padoseyya. Na me so tena sāsanakaro’ti (ma. ni. 1.232) ca,</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘Tasseva tena pāpiyo, yo kuddhaṃ paṭikujjhati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kuddhamappaṭikujjhanto, saṅgāmaṃ jeti dujjayaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘‘Ubhinnamatthaṃ carati, attano ca parassa ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Paraṃ saṅkupitaṃ ñatvā, yo sato upasammatī’ti ca. (saṃ. ni. 1.188); –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘‘Sattime, bhikkhave, dhammā sapattakantā sapattakaraṇā kodhanaṃ āgacchanti itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā. Katame satta? Idha, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa evaṃ icchati aho vatāyaṃ dubbaṇṇo assāti. Taṃ kissahetu? Na, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa vaṇṇavatāya nandati. Kodhanāyaṃ, bhikkhave, purisapuggalo kodhābhibhūto kodhapareto kiñcāpi so hoti sunhāto suvilitto kappitakesamassu odātavatthavasano, atha kho so dubbaṇṇova hoti kodhābhibhūto. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, <a name="M1.0291"></a> paṭhamo dhammo sapattakanto sapattakaraṇo kodhanaṃ āgacchati itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā. Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa evaṃ icchati ahovatāyaṃ dukkhaṃ sayeyyāti…pe… na pacurattho assāti…pe… na bhogavā assāti…pe… na yasavā assāti…pe… na mittavā assāti…pe… na kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyāti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Na, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa sugatigamanena nandati. Kodhanāyaṃ, bhikkhave, purisapuggalo kodhābhibhūto kodhapareto kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya manasā duccaritaṃ carati. So kāyena vācāya manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati kodhābhibhūto’ti (a. ni. 7.64) ca,</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘‘Seyyathāpi<a name="V1.0288"></a>, bhikkhave, chavālātaṃ ubhatopadittaṃ majjhe gūthagataṃ neva gāme kaṭṭhatthaṃ pharati, na araññe kaṭṭhatthaṃ pharati. Tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmī’ti ca,</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘So dāni tvaṃ evaṃ kujjhanto na ceva bhagavato sāsanakaro bhavissasi, paṭikujjhanto ca kuddhapurisatopi pāpiyo hutvā na dujjayaṃ saṅgāmaṃ jessasi, sapattakaraṇe ca dhamme attāva attano karissasi, chavālātūpamo ca bhavissasī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para244"></a><span class="paranum">244</span>. Tassevaṃ ghaṭayato vāyamato sace taṃ paṭighaṃ vūpasammati, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce vūpasammati, atha <span class="bld">yo yo dhammo tassa puggalassa vūpasanto hoti parisuddho, anussariyamāno pasādaṃ āvahati, taṃ taṃ anussaritvā</span> āghāto paṭivinetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekaccassa hi kāyasamācārova upasanto hoti. Upasantabhāvo cassa bahuṃ vattapaṭipattiṃ karontassa sabbajanena ñāyati. Vacīsamācāramanosamācārā pana avūpasantā honti. Tassa te acintetvā kāyasamācāravūpasamoyeva anussaritabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekaccassa <a name="M1.0292"></a> vacīsamācārova upasanto hoti. Upasantabhāvo cassa sabbajanena ñāyati. So hi pakatiyā ca paṭisanthārakusalo hoti sakhilo sukhasambhāso sammodako uttānamukho pubbabhāsī madhurena sarena dhammaṃ osāreti, parimaṇḍalehi padabyañjanehi dhammakathaṃ katheti. Kāyasamācāramanosamācārā pana avūpasantā honti, tassa te acintetvā vacīsamācāravūpasamoyeva anussaritabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekaccassa manosamācārova upasanto hoti, upasantabhāvo cassa cetiyavandanādīsu sabbajanassa pākaṭo hoti. Yo hi avūpasantacitto hoti, so cetiyaṃ vā bodhiṃ vā there vā vandamāno na sakkaccaṃ vandati, dhammassavanamaṇḍape vikkhittacitto vā pacalāyanto vā nisīdati. Upasantacitto pana okappetvā vandati, ohitasoto aṭṭhiṃkatvā kāyena vā vācāya vā cittappasādaṃ karonto dhammaṃ suṇāti. Iti ekaccassa manosamācārova upasanto hoti, kāyavacīsamācārā avūpasantā honti, tassa te acintetvā manosamācāravūpasamoyeva anussaritabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekaccassa <a name="V1.0289"></a> pana imesu tīsu dhammesu ekopi avūpasanto hoti, tasmiṃ puggale ‘‘kiñcāpi esa idāni manussaloke carati, atha kho katipāhassa accayena aṭṭhamahānirayasoḷasaussadanirayaparipūrako bhavissatī’’ti kāruññaṃ upaṭṭhapetabbaṃ. Kāruññampi hi paṭicca āghāto vūpasammati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekaccassa tayopime dhammā vūpasantā honti, tassa yaṃ yaṃ icchati, taṃ taṃ anussaritabbaṃ. Tādise hi puggale na dukkarā hoti mettābhāvanāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imassa ca atthassa āvibhāvatthaṃ – ‘‘pañcime, āvuso, āghātapaṭivinayā. Yattha bhikkhuno uppanno āghāto sabbaso paṭivinodetabbo’’ti (a. ni. 5.162) idaṃ pañcakanipāte āghātapaṭivinayasuttaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para245"></a><span class="paranum">245</span>. Sace panassa evampi vāyamato āghāto uppajjatiyeva, athānena evaṃ attā <span class="bld">ovaditabbo</span> –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Attano <a name="M1.0293"></a> visaye dukkhaṃ, kataṃ te yadi verinā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kiṃ tassāvisaye dukkhaṃ, sacitte kattumicchasi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bahūpakāraṃ hitvāna, ñātivaggaṃ rudammukhaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mahānatthakaraṃ kodhaṃ, sapattaṃ na jahāsi kiṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yāni rakkhasi sīlāni, tesaṃ mūlanikantanaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kodhaṃ nāmupaḷālesi, ko tayā sadiso jaḷo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kataṃ anariyaṃ kammaṃ, parena iti kujjhasi;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kiṃ nu tvaṃ tādisaṃyeva, yo sayaṃ kattumicchasi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dosetukāmo <a name="V1.0290"></a> yadi taṃ, amanāpaṃ paro kari;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dosuppādena tasseva, kiṃ pūresi manorathaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dukkhaṃ tassa ca nāma tvaṃ, kuddho kāhasi vā navā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Attānaṃ panidāneva, kodhadukkhena bādhasi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kodhaṃ vā ahitaṃ maggaṃ, ārūḷhā yadi verino;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kasmā tuvampi kujjhanto, tesaṃyevānusikkhasi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yaṃ dosaṃ tava nissāya, sattunā appiyaṃ kataṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tameva dosaṃ chindassu, kimaṭṭhāne vihaññasi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Khaṇikattā ca dhammānaṃ, yehi khandhehi te kataṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Amanāpaṃ niruddhā te, kassa dānīdha kujjhasi.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Dukkhaṃ karoti yo yassa, taṃ vinā kassa so kare;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sayampi dukkhahetutta, miti kiṃ tassa kujjhasī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para246"></a><span class="paranum">246</span>. Sace panassa evaṃ attānaṃ ovadatopi paṭighaṃ neva vūpasammati, athānena <span class="bld">attano ca parassa ca kammassakatā</span> paccavekkhitabbā. Tattha attano tāva evaṃ paccavekkhitabbā ‘‘ambho tvaṃ tassa kuddho kiṃ karissasi? Nanu taveva cetaṃ dosanidānaṃ kammaṃ anatthāya saṃvattissati? Kammassako hi tvaṃ kammadāyādo kammayoni kammabandhu kammapaṭisaraṇo, yaṃ kammaṃ karissasi, tassa dāyādo bhavissasi, idañca te kammaṃ neva sammāsambodhiṃ<a name="M1.0294"></a>, na paccekabodhiṃ, na sāvakabhūmiṃ, na brahmattasakkattacakkavattipadesarājādisampattīnaṃ aññataraṃ sampattiṃ sādhetuṃ samatthaṃ, atha kho sāsanato cāvetvā vighāsādādibhāvassa ceva nerayikādidukkhavisesānañca te saṃvattanikamidaṃ kammaṃ. So tvaṃ idaṃ karonto ubhohi hatthehi vītaccite vā aṅgāre, gūthaṃ vā gahetvā paraṃ paharitukāmo puriso viya attānameva paṭhamaṃ dahasi ceva duggandhañca karosī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="V1.0291"></a> <span class="bld">attano kammassakataṃ</span> paccavekkhitvā parassapi evaṃ paccavekkhitabbā ‘‘esopi tava kujjhitvā kiṃ karissati? Nanu etassevetaṃ anatthāya saṃvattissati? Kammassako hi ayamāyasmā kammadāyādo…pe… yaṃ kammaṃ karissati, tassa dāyādo bhavissati. Idañcassa kammaṃ neva sammāsambodhiṃ, na paccekabodhiṃ, na sāvakabhūmiṃ, na brahmattasakkattacakkavattipadesarājādisampattīnaṃ aññataraṃ sampattiṃ sādhetuṃ samatthaṃ, atha kho sāsanato cāvetvā vighāsādādibhāvassa ceva nerayikādidukkhavisesānañcassa saṃvattanikamidaṃ kammaṃ. Svāyaṃ idaṃ karonto paṭivāte ṭhatvā paraṃ rajena okiritukāmo puriso viya attānaṃyeva okirati. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘‘Yo appaduṭṭhassa narassa dussati,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Suddhassa posassa anaṅgaṇassa;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Tameva bālaṃ pacceti pāpaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sukhumo rajo paṭivātaṃva khitto’’’ti. (dha. pa. 125; su. ni. 667);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para247"></a><span class="paranum">247</span>. Sace panassa evaṃ kammassakatampi paccavekkhato neva vūpasammati, athānena <span class="bld">satthu pubbacariyaguṇā</span> anussaritabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyaṃ paccavekkhaṇānayo – ambho pabbajita, nanu te satthā pubbeva sambodhā anabhisambuddho bodhisattopi samāno cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni kappasatasahassañca pāramiyo pūrayamāno tattha tattha vadhakesupi paccatthikesu cittaṃ nappadūsesi. Seyyathidaṃ, <span class="bld">sīlavajātake</span> tāva attano deviyā paduṭṭhena pāpaamaccena ānītassa paṭirañño tiyojanasataṃ <a name="M1.0295"></a> rajjaṃ gaṇhantassa nisedhanatthāya uṭṭhitānaṃ amaccānaṃ āvudhampi chupituṃ na adāsi. Puna saddhiṃ amaccasahassena āmakasusāne galappamāṇaṃ bhūmiṃ khaṇitvā nikhaññamāno cittappadosamattampi akatvā kuṇapakhādanatthaṃ āgatānaṃ siṅgālānaṃ paṃsuviyūhanaṃ nissāya purisakāraṃ katvā paṭiladdhajīvito yakkhānubhāvena attano sirigabbhaṃ oruyha sirisayane sayitaṃ paccatthikaṃ disvā kopaṃ akatvāva aññamaññaṃ sapathaṃ katvā taṃ mittaṭṭhāne ṭhapayitvā āha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Āsīsetheva <a name="V1.0292"></a> puriso, na nibbindeyya paṇḍito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Passāmi vohamattānaṃ, yathā icchiṃ tathā ahū’’ti. (jā. 1.1.51);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Khantivādījātake dummedhena kāsiraññā ‘‘kiṃvādī tvaṃ samaṇā’’ti puṭṭho ‘‘khantivādī nāmāha’’nti vutte sakaṇṭakāhi kasāhi tāḷetvā hatthapādesu chijjamānesu kopamattampi nākāsi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Anacchariyañcetaṃ, yaṃ mahallako pabbajjūpagato evaṃ kareyya. <span class="bld">Cūḷadhammapālajātake</span> pana uttānaseyyakopi samāno –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Candanarasānulittā, bāhā chijjanti dhammapālassa;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dāyādassa pathabyā, pāṇā me deva rujjhantī’’ti. (jā. 1.5.49);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ vippalapamānāya mātuyā pitarā mahāpatāpena nāma raññā vaṃsakaḷīresu viya catūsu hatthapādesu chedāpitesu tāvatāpi santuṭṭhiṃ anāpajjitvā sīsamassa chindathāti āṇatte ‘‘ayaṃ dāni te cittapariggaṇhanakālo, idāni ambho dhammapāla, sīsacchedāṇāpake pitari, sīsacchedake purise, paridevamānāya mātari, attani cāti imesu catūsu samacitto hohī’’ti daḷhaṃ samādānamadhiṭṭhāya paduṭṭhākāramattampi nākāsi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idañcāpi anacchariyameva, yaṃ manussabhūto evamakāsi. Tiracchānabhūtopi pana <span class="bld">chaddanto</span> nāma vāraṇo hutvā visappitena sallena nābhiyaṃ viddhopi tāva anatthakārimhi luddake cittaṃ nappadūsesi. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Samappito <a name="M1.0296"></a> puthusallena nāgo,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Aduṭṭhacitto luddakaṃ ajjhabhāsi;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Kimatthayaṃ kissa vā samma hetu,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mamaṃ vadhī kassa vāyaṃ payogo’’ti. (jā. 1.16.124);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="V1.0293"></a> vatvā ca kāsirañño mahesiyā tava dantānamatthāya pesitomhi bhadanteti vutte tassā manorathaṃ pūrento chabbaṇṇarasminiccharaṇasamujjalitacārusobhe attano dante chetvā adāsi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mahākapi</span> hutvā attanāyeva pabbatapapātato uddharitena purisena –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhakkho ayaṃ manussānaṃ, yathevaññe vane migā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yaṃnūnimaṃ vadhitvāna, chāto khādeyya vānaraṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Āhitova gamissāmi, maṃsamādāya sambalaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kantāraṃ nittharissāmi, pātheyyaṃ me bhavissatī’’ti. (jā. 1.16.205-206); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Evaṃ cintetvā silaṃ ukkhipitvā matthake sampadālite assupuṇṇehi nettehi taṃ purisaṃ udikkhamāno –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Mā ayyosi me bhadante, tvaṃ nāmetādisaṃ kari;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tvaṃ khosi nāma dīghāvu, aññaṃ vāretumarahasī’’ti. (jā. 1.16.209); –</p>
<p class="unindented">Vatvā tasmiṃ purise cittaṃ appadūsetvā attano ca dukkhaṃ acintetvā tameva purisaṃ khemantabhūmiṃ sampāpesi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhūridatto</span> nāma nāgarājā hutvā uposathaṅgāni adhiṭṭhāya vammikamuddhani sayamāno kappuṭṭhānaggisadisena osadhena sakalasarīre siñciyamānopi peḷāya pakkhipitvā sakalajambudīpe kīḷāpiyamānopi tasmiṃ brāhmaṇe manopadosamattampi na akāsi. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Peḷāya pakkhipantepi, maddantepi ca pāṇinā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Alampāne na kuppāmi, sīlakhaṇḍabhayā mamā’’ti. (cariyā. 2.16);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Campeyyopi</span> <a name="M1.0297"></a><a name="V1.0294"></a> nāgarājā hutvā ahituṇḍikena viheṭhiyamāno manopadosamattampi nuppādesi. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tadāpi maṃ dhammacāriṃ, upavutthauposathaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ahituṇḍiko gahetvāna, rājadvāramhi kīḷati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yaṃ so vaṇṇaṃ cintayati, nīlaṃ pītaṃ va lohitaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tassa cittānuvattanto, homi cintitasannibho.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Thalaṃ kareyyaṃ udakaṃ, udakampi thalaṃ kare;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yadihaṃ tassa kuppeyyaṃ, khaṇena chārikaṃ kare.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yadi cittavasī hessaṃ, parihāyissāmi sīlato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sīlena parihīnassa, uttamattho na sijjhatī’’ti. (cariyā. 2.21-24);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Saṅkhapālanāgarājā</span> hutvā tikhiṇāhi sattīhi aṭṭhasu ṭhānesu ovijjhitvā pahāramukhehi sakaṇṭakā latāyo pavesetvā nāsāya daḷhaṃ rajjuṃ pakkhipitvā soḷasahi bhojaputtehi kājenādāya vayhamāno dharaṇītale ghaṃsiyamānasarīro mahantaṃ dukkhaṃ paccanubhonto kujjhitvā olokitamatteneva sabbe bhojaputte bhasmaṃ kātuṃ samatthopi samāno cakkhuṃ ummīletvā paduṭṭhākāramattampi na akāsi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Cātuddasiṃ pañcadasiñcaḷāra,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Uposathaṃ niccamupāvasāmi;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Athāgamuṃ soḷasa bhojaputtā,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Rajjuṃ gahetvāna daḷhañca pāsaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Bhetvāna <a name="V1.0295"></a> nāsaṃ atikassa rajjuṃ,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Nayiṃsu maṃ samparigayha luddā;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Etādisaṃ dukkhamahaṃ titikkhaṃ,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Uposathaṃ appaṭikopayanto’’ti. (jā. 2.17.180-181);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Na <a name="M1.0298"></a> kevalañca etāneva, aññānipi <span class="bld">mātuposakajātakā</span>dīsu anekāni acchariyāni akāsi. Tassa te idāni sabbaññutaṃ pattaṃ sadevaloke kenaci appaṭisamakhantiguṇaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ satthāraṃ apadisato paṭighacittaṃ nāma uppādetuṃ ativiya ayuttaṃ appatirūpanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para248"></a><span class="paranum">248</span>. Sace panassa evaṃ satthu pubbacaritaguṇaṃ paccavekkhatopi dīgharattaṃ kilesānaṃ dāsabyaṃ upagatassa neva taṃ paṭighaṃ vūpasammati, athānena <span class="bld">anamataggiyāni</span> paccavekkhitabbāni. Tatra hi vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Na so, bhikkhave, satto sulabharūpo, yo na mātābhūtapubbo, yo na pitābhūtapubbo, yo na bhātā, yo na bhaginī, yo na putto, yo na dhītābhūtapubbā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.137-142).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmā tasmiṃ puggale evaṃ cittaṃ uppādetabbaṃ, ‘‘ayaṃ kira me atīte mātā hutvā dasamāse kucchiyā pariharitvā muttakarīsakheḷasiṅghāṇikādīni haricandanaṃ viya ajigucchamānā apanetvā ure naccāpentī aṅgena pariharamānā posesi, pitā hutvā ajapathasaṅkupathādīni gantvā vāṇijjaṃ payojayamāno mayhamatthāya jīvitampi pariccajitvā ubhatobyūḷhe saṅgāme pavisitvā nāvāya mahāsamuddaṃ pakkhanditvā aññāni ca dukkarāni karitvā ‘puttake posessāmī’ti tehi tehi upāyehi dhanaṃ saṃharitvā maṃ posesi. Bhātā, bhaginī, putto, dhītā ca hutvāpi idañcidañcupakāraṃ akāsīti tatra me nappatirūpaṃ manaṃ padūsetu’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para249"></a><span class="paranum">249</span>. Sace pana evampi cittaṃ nibbāpetuṃ na sakkotiyeva, athānena evaṃ <span class="bld">mettānisaṃsā</span> paccavekkhitabbā – ‘‘ambho pabbajita, nanu vuttaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘Mettāya <a name="V1.0296"></a> kho, bhikkhave, cetovimuttiyā āsevitāya bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya ekādasānisaṃsā pāṭikaṅkhā<a name="M1.0299"></a>. Katame ekādasa? Sukhaṃ supati, sukhaṃ paṭibujjhati, na pāpakaṃ supinaṃ passati, manussānaṃ piyo hoti, amanussānaṃ piyo hoti, devatā rakkhanti, nāssa aggi vā visaṃ vā satthaṃ vā kamati, tuvaṭaṃ cittaṃ samādhiyati, mukhavaṇṇo pasīdati, asammūḷho kālaṅkaroti, uttarimappaṭivijjhanto brahmalokūpago hotī’ti (a. ni. 11.15).</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Sace tvaṃ idaṃ cittaṃ na nibbāpessasi, imehi ānisaṃsehi paribāhiro bhavissasī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para250"></a><span class="paranum">250</span>. Evampi nibbāpetuṃ asakkontena pana <span class="bld">dhātuvinibbhogo</span> kātabbo. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Ambho pabbajita, tvaṃ etassa kujjhamāno kassa kujjhasi? Kiṃ kesānaṃ kujjhasi, udāhu lomānaṃ, nakhānaṃ…pe… muttassa kujjhasi? Atha vā pana kesādīsu pathavīdhātuyā kujjhasi, āpodhātuyā, tejodhātuyā, vāyodhātuyā kujjhasi? Ye vā pañcakkhandhe dvādasāyatanāni aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo upādāya ayamāyasmā itthannāmoti vuccati, tesu kiṃ rūpakkhandhassa kujjhasi, udāhu vedanā saññā saṅkhāraviññāṇakkhandhassa kujjhasi? Kiṃ vā cakkhāyatanassa kujjhasi, kiṃ rūpāyatanassa kujjhasi…pe… kiṃ manāyatanassa kujjhasi, kiṃ dhammāyatanassa kujjhasi? Kiṃ vā cakkhudhātuyā kujjhasi, kiṃ rūpadhātuyā, kiṃ cakkhuviññāṇadhātuyā…pe… kiṃ manodhātuyā, kiṃ dhammadhātuyā, kiṃ manoviññāṇadhātuyā’’ti? Evañhi dhātuvinibbhogaṃ karoto āragge sāsapassa viya ākāse cittakammassa viya ca kodhassa patiṭṭhānaṭṭhānaṃ na hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para251"></a><span class="paranum">251</span>. Dhātuvinibbhogaṃ pana kātuṃ asakkontena <span class="bld">dānasaṃvibhāgo</span> kātabbo. Attano santakaṃ parassa dātabbaṃ, parassa santakaṃ attanā gahetabbaṃ. Sace pana paro bhinnājīvo hoti aparibhogārahaparikkhāro, attano santakameva dātabbaṃ. Tassevaṃ karoto ekanteneva tasmiṃ puggale āghāto vūpasammati. Itarassa ca atītajātito paṭṭhāya anubandhopi kodho taṅkhaṇaññeva vūpasammati, cittalapabbatavihāre tikkhattuṃ vuṭṭhāpitasenāsanena piṇḍapātikattherena ‘‘ayaṃ<a name="M1.0300"></a>, bhante, aṭṭhakahāpaṇagghanako patto mama mātarā upāsikāya dinno dhammiyalābho, mahāupāsikāya <a name="V1.0297"></a> puññalābhaṃ karothā’’ti vatvā dinnaṃ pattaṃ laddhamahātherassa viya. Evaṃ mahānubhāvametaṃ dānaṃ nāma. Vuttampi cetaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Adantadamanaṃ dānaṃ, dānaṃ sabbatthasādhakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dānena piyavācāya, unnamanti namanti cā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para252"></a><span class="paranum">252</span>. Tassevaṃ verīpuggale vūpasantapaṭighassa yathā piyātippiyasahāyakamajjhattesu, evaṃ tasmimpi mettāvasena cittaṃ pavattati. Athānena punappunaṃ mettāyantena attani piyapuggale majjhatte verīpuggaleti catūsu janesu samacittataṃ sampādentena <span class="bld">sīmāsambhedo</span> kātabbo. Tassidaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ, sace imasmiṃ puggale piyamajjhattaverīhi saddhiṃ attacatutthe ekasmiṃ padese nisinne corā āgantvā ‘‘bhante, ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ amhākaṃ dethā’’ti vatvā ‘‘kiṃ kāraṇā’’ti vutte ‘‘taṃ māretvā galalohitaṃ gahetvā balikaraṇatthāyā’’ti vadeyyuṃ, tatra ceso bhikkhu ‘‘asukaṃ vā asukaṃ vā gaṇhantū’’ti cinteyya, akatova hoti sīmāsambhedo. Sacepi ‘‘maṃ gaṇhantu, mā ime tayo’’tipi cinteyya, akatova hoti sīmāsambhedo. Kasmā? Yassa yassa hi gahaṇamicchati, tassa tassa ahitesī hoti, itaresaṃyeva hitesī hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadā pana catunnaṃ janānamantare ekampi corānaṃ dātabbaṃ na passati, attani ca tesu ca tīsu janesu samameva cittaṃ pavatteti, kato hoti sīmāsambhedo. Tenāhu porāṇā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Attani hitamajjhatte, ahite ca catubbidhe;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yadā passati nānattaṃ, hitacittova pāṇinaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Na nikāmalābhī mettāya, kusalīti pavuccati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Yadā catasso sīmāyo, sambhinnā honti bhikkhuno.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Samaṃ pharati mettāya, sabbalokaṃ sadevakaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Mahāviseso purimena, yassa sīmā na ñāyatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para253"></a><span class="paranum">253</span>. Evaṃ <a name="M1.0301"></a><a name="V1.0298"></a> sīmāsambhedasamakālameva ca iminā bhikkhunā nimittañca upacārañca laddhaṃ hoti. Sīmāsambhede pana kate tameva nimittaṃ āsevanto bhāvento bahulīkaronto appakasireneva pathavīkasiṇe vuttanayeneva appanaṃ pāpuṇāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettāvatānena adhigataṃ hoti pañcaṅgavippahīnaṃ pañcaṅgasamannāgataṃ tividhakalyāṇaṃ dasalakkhaṇasampannaṃ paṭhamajjhānaṃ mettāsahagataṃ. Adhigate ca tasmiṃ tadeva nimittaṃ āsevanto bhāvento bahulīkaronto anupubbena <span class="bld">catukkanaye</span> dutiyatatiyajjhānāni, <span class="bld">pañcakanaye</span> dutiyatatiyacatutthajjhānāni ca pāpuṇāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So hi paṭhamajjhānādīnaṃ aññataravasena mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati. Tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati (vibha. 642; dī. ni. 1.556). Paṭhamajjhānādivasena appanāppattacittasseva hi ayaṃ vikubbanā sampajjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para254"></a><span class="paranum">254</span>. Ettha ca <span class="bld">mettāsahagatenā</span>ti mettāya samannāgatena. <span class="bld">Cetasā</span>ti cittena. <span class="bld">Ekaṃ disa</span>nti ekamekissā disāya paṭhamapariggahitaṃ sattaṃ upādāya ekadisāpariyāpannasattapharaṇavasena vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Pharitvā</span>ti phusitvā ārammaṇaṃ katvā. <span class="bld">Viharatī</span>ti brahmavihārādhiṭṭhitaṃ iriyāpathavihāraṃ pavatteti. <span class="bld">Tathā dutiya</span>nti yathā puratthimādīsu disāsu yaṃkiñci ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tatheva tadanantaraṃ dutiyaṃ tatiyaṃ catutthañcāti attho. <span class="bld">Iti uddha</span>nti eteneva nayena uparimaṃ disanti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Adho tiriya</span>nti adhodisampi tiriyaṃdisampi evameva. Tattha ca <span class="bld">adho</span>ti heṭṭhā. <span class="bld">Tiriya</span>nti anudisāsu. Evaṃ sabbadisāsu assamaṇḍale assamiva mettāsahagataṃ cittaṃ sāretipi paccāsāretipīti. Ettāvatā ekaṃ disaṃ pariggahetvā odhiso mettāpharaṇaṃ dassitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sabbadhī</span>tiādi pana anodhiso dassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">sabbadhī</span>ti sabbattha. <span class="bld">Sabbattatāyā</span>ti sabbesu hīnamajjhimukkaṭṭhamittasapattamajjhattādippabhedesu attatāya<a name="M1.0302"></a>. ‘‘Ayaṃ parasatto’’ti vibhāgaṃ akatvā attasamatāyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā sabbattatāyāti sabbena cittabhāgena īsakampi <a name="V1.0299"></a> bahi avikkhipamānoti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Sabbāvanta</span>nti sabbasattavantaṃ, sabbasattayuttanti attho. <span class="bld">Loka</span>nti sattalokaṃ. <span class="bld">Vipulenā</span>tievamādipariyāyadassanato panettha puna mettāsahagatenāti vuttaṃ. Yasmā vā ettha odhiso pharaṇe viya puna tathāsaddo itisaddo vā na vutto, tasmā puna mettāsahagatena cetasāti vuttaṃ. Nigamavasena vā etaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Vipulenā</span>ti ettha ca pharaṇavasena vipulatā daṭṭhabbā. Bhūmivasena pana etaṃ <span class="bld">mahaggataṃ</span> paguṇavasena ca appamāṇasattārammaṇavasena ca <span class="bld">appamāṇaṃ,</span> byāpādapaccatthikappahānena <span class="bld">averaṃ,</span> domanassappahānato <span class="bld">abyāpajjaṃ,</span> niddukkhanti vuttaṃ hoti. Ayaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasātiādinā nayena vuttāya vikubbanāya attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para255"></a><span class="paranum">255</span>. Yathā cāyaṃ appanāppattacittasseva vikubbanā sampajjati, tathā yampi <span class="bld">paṭisambhidāyaṃ</span> (paṭi. ma. 2.22) ‘‘pañcahākārehi anodhisopharaṇā mettācetovimutti, sattahākārehi odhisopharaṇā mettā cetovimutti, dasahākārehi disāpharaṇā mettā cetovimuttī’’ti vuttaṃ, tampi appanāppattacittasseva sampajjatīti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha ca sabbe sattā averā abyāpajjā anīghā sukhī attānaṃ pariharantu, sabbe pāṇā, sabbe bhūtā, sabbe puggalā, sabbe attabhāvapariyāpannā averā…pe… pariharantūti imehi pañcahākārehi <span class="bld">anodhisopharaṇā mettā cetovimutti</span> veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbā itthiyo averā…pe… attānaṃ pariharantu, sabbe purisā, sabbe ariyā, sabbe anariyā, sabbe devā, sabbe manussā, sabbe vinipātikā averā…pe… pariharantūti imehi sattahākārehi <span class="bld">odhisopharaṇā mettā cetovimutti</span> veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbe puratthimāya disāya sattā averā…pe… attānaṃ pariharantu. Sabbe pacchimāya disāya, sabbe uttarāya disāya, sabbe dakkhiṇāya disāya, sabbe puratthimāya anudisāya, sabbe pacchimāya anudisāya, sabbe <a name="M1.0303"></a> uttarāya anudisāya, sabbe dakkhiṇāya anudisāya, sabbe heṭṭhimāya disāya, sabbe uparimāya disāya sattā averā…pe… pariharantu. Sabbe puratthimāya disāya pāṇā, bhūtā, puggalā, attabhāvapariyāpannā, averā…pe… pariharantu. Sabbā puratthimāya disāya itthiyo, sabbe purisā, ariyā, anariyā, devā, manussā, vinipātikā <a name="V1.0300"></a> averā…pe… pariharantu. Sabbā pacchimāya disāya, uttarāya, dakkhiṇāya, puratthimāya anudisāya, pacchimāya, uttarāya, dakkhiṇāya anudisāya, heṭṭhimāya disāya, uparimāya disāya itthiyo…pe… vinipātikā averā abyāpajjā anīghā sukhī attānaṃ pariharantūti imehi dasahākārehi <span class="bld">disāpharaṇā mettā cetovimutti</span> veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para256"></a><span class="paranum">256</span>. Tattha <span class="bld">sabbe</span>ti anavasesapariyādānametaṃ. <span class="bld">Sattā</span>ti rūpādīsu khandhesu chandarāgena sattā visattāti sattā. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –</p>
<p class="indent">‘‘Rūpe kho, rādha, yo chando yo rāgo yā nandī yā taṇhā, tatra satto, tatra visatto, tasmā sattoti vuccati… vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhāresu… viññāṇe yo chando yo rāgo yā nandī yā taṇhā, tatra satto, tatra visatto, tasmā sattoti vuccatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.161).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ruḷhīsaddena pana vītarāgesupi ayaṃ vohāro vattatiyeva, vilīvamayepi bījanivisese tālavaṇṭavohāro viya. Akkharacintakā pana atthaṃ avicāretvā nāmamattametanti icchanti. Yepi atthaṃ vicārenti, te satvayogena sattāti icchanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pāṇanatāya <span class="bld">pāṇā,</span> assāsapassāsāyattavuttitāyāti attho. Bhūtattā <span class="bld">bhūtā,</span> saṃbhūtattā abhinibbattattāti attho. <span class="bld">Pu</span>nti vuccati nirayo. Tasmiṃ galantīti <span class="bld">puggalā,</span> gacchantīti attho. <span class="bld">Attabhāvo</span> vuccati sarīraṃ. Khandhapañcakameva vā, tamupādāya paññattimattasambhavato. Tasmiṃ attabhāve pariyāpannāti <span class="bld">attabhāvapariyāpannā. Pariyāpannā</span>ti paricchinnā, antogadhāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā <a name="M1.0304"></a> ca sattāti vacanaṃ, evaṃ sesānipi ruḷhīvasena āropetvā sabbānetāni sabbasattavevacanānīti veditabbāni. Kāmañca aññānipi sabbe jantū sabbe jīvātiādīni sabbasattavevacanāni atthi, pākaṭavasena pana imāneva pañca gahetvā ‘‘pañcahākārehi anodhisopharaṇā mettā cetovimuttī’’ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ye pana sattā pāṇātiādīnaṃ na kevalaṃ vacanamattatova, atha kho atthatopi nānattameva <a name="V1.0301"></a> iccheyyuṃ, tesaṃ anodhisopharaṇā virujjhati, tasmā tathā atthaṃ agahetvā imesu pañcasu ākāresu aññataravasena anodhiso mettā pharitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para257"></a><span class="paranum">257</span>. Ettha ca sabbe sattā averā hontūti ayamekā appanā. Abyāpajjā hontūti ayamekā appanā. <span class="bld">Abyāpajjā</span>ti byāpādarahitā. Anīghā hontūti ayamekā appanā. <span class="bld">Anīghā</span>ti niddukkhā. Sukhī attānaṃ pariharantūti ayamekā appanā. Tasmā imesupi padesu yaṃ yaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, tassa tassa vasena mettā pharitabbā. Iti pañcasu ākāresu catunnaṃ appanānaṃ vasena <span class="bld">anodhisopharaṇe</span> vīsati appanā honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Odhisopharaṇe</span> pana sattasu ākāresu catunnaṃ vasena aṭṭhavīsati. Ettha ca itthiyo purisāti liṅgavasena vuttaṃ. Ariyā anariyāti ariyaputhujjanavasena. Devā manussā vinipātikāti upapattivasena.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Disāpharaṇe</span> pana sabbe puratthimāya disāya sattātiādinā nayena ekamekissā disāya vīsati vīsati katvā dvesatāni, sabbā puratthimāya disāya itthiyotiādinā nayena ekamekissā disāya aṭṭhavīsati aṭṭhavīsati katvā asīti dvesatānīti cattāri satāni asīti ca appanā. Iti sabbānipi paṭisambhidāyaṃ vuttāni aṭṭhavīsādhikāni pañca appanāsatānīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iti etāsu appanāsu yassa kassaci vasena mettaṃ cetovimuttiṃ bhāvetvā ayaṃ yogāvacaro ‘‘sukhaṃ supatī’’tiādinā nayena vutte ekādasānisaṃse paṭilabhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para258"></a><span class="paranum">258</span>. Tattha <a name="M1.0305"></a> <span class="bld">sukhaṃ supatī</span>ti yathā sesā janā samparivattamānā kākacchamānā dukkhaṃ supanti, evaṃ asupitvā sukhaṃ supati. Niddaṃ okkantopi samāpattiṃ samāpanno viya hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sukhaṃ paṭibujjhatī</span>ti yathā aññe nitthunantā vijambhantā samparivattantā dukkhaṃ paṭibujjhanti, evaṃ appaṭibujjhitvā vikasamānamiva padumaṃ sukhaṃ nibbikāraṃ paṭibujjhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Na</span> <a name="V1.0302"></a> <span class="bld">pāpakaṃ supinaṃ passatī</span>ti supinaṃ passantopi bhaddakameva supinaṃ passati, cetiyaṃ vandanto viya pūjaṃ karonto viya dhammaṃ suṇanto viya ca hoti. Yathā pana aññe attānaṃ corehi samparivāritaṃ viya vāḷehi upaddutaṃ viya papāte patantaṃ viya ca passanti, evaṃ pāpakaṃ supinaṃ na passati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Manussānaṃ piyo hotī</span>ti ure āmuttamuttāhāro viya sīse piḷandhamālā viya ca manussānaṃ piyo hoti manāpo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Amanussānaṃ piyo hotī</span>ti yatheva manussānaṃ, evaṃ amanussānampi piyo hoti visākhatthero viya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So kira pāṭaliputte kuṭumbiyo ahosi. So tattheva vasamāno assosi ‘‘tambapaṇṇidīpo kira cetiyamālālaṅkato kāsāvapajjoto icchiticchitaṭṭhāneyeva ettha sakkā nisīdituṃ vā nipajjituṃ vā utusappāyaṃ senāsanasappāyaṃ puggalasappāyaṃ dhammassavanasappāyanti sabbamettha sulabha’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So attano bhogakkhandhaṃ puttadārassa niyyādetvā dussante baddhena ekakahāpaṇeneva gharā nikkhamitvā samuddatīre nāvaṃ udikkhamāno ekamāsaṃ vasi. So vohārakusalatāya imasmiṃ ṭhāne bhaṇḍaṃ kiṇitvā asukasmiṃ vikkiṇanto dhammikāya vaṇijjāya tenevantaramāsena sahassaṃ abhisaṃhari. Anupubbena mahāvihāraṃ āgantvā pabbajjaṃ yāci.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So <a name="M1.0306"></a> pabbājanatthāya sīmaṃ nīto taṃ sahassatthavikaṃ ovaṭṭikantarena bhūmiyaṃ pātesi. ‘‘Kimeta’’nti ca vutte ‘‘kahāpaṇasahassaṃ, bhante’’ti vatvā ‘‘upāsaka, pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya na sakkā vicāretuṃ, idānevetaṃ vicārehī’’ti vutte ‘‘visākhassa pabbajjaṭṭhānamāgatā mā rittahatthā gamiṃsū’’ti muñcitvā sīmāmāḷake vippakiritvā pabbajitvā upasampanno.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So pañcavasso hutvā dvemātikā paguṇā katvā pavāretvā attano sappāyaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā <a name="V1.0303"></a> ekekasmiṃ vihāre cattāro māse katvā samappavattavāsaṃ vasamāno cari. Evaṃ caramāno –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vanantare ṭhito thero, visākho gajjamānako;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Attano guṇamesanto, imamatthaṃ abhāsatha.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yāvatā upasampanno, yāvatā idha āgato;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Etthantare khalitaṃ natthi, aho lābhā te mārisā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So cittalapabbatavihāraṃ gacchanto dvedhā pathaṃ patvā ‘‘ayaṃ nu kho maggo udāhu aya’’nti cintayanto aṭṭhāsi. Athassa pabbate adhivatthā devatā hatthaṃ pasāretvā ‘‘esa maggo’’ti vatvā dasseti. So cittalapabbatavihāraṃ gantvā tattha cattāro māse vasitvā paccūse gamissāmīti cintetvā nipajji. Caṅkamasīse maṇilarukkhe adhivatthā devatā sopānaphalake nisīditvā parodi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Thero ‘‘ko eso’’ti āha. Ahaṃ, bhante, maṇiliyāti. Kissa rodasīti? Tumhākaṃ gamanaṃ paṭiccāti. Mayi idha vasante tumhākaṃ ko guṇoti? Tumhesu, bhante, idha vasantesu amanussā aññamaññaṃ mettaṃ paṭilabhanti, te dāni tumhesu gatesu kalahaṃ karissanti, duṭṭhullampi kathayissantīti. Thero ‘‘sace mayi idha vasante tumhākaṃ phāsuvihāro hoti, sundara’’nti vatvā aññepi cattāro māse tattheva vasitvā puna tatheva gamanacittaṃ uppādesi. Devatāpi puna tatheva parodi. Etenevupāyena thero tattheva vasitvā tattheva parinibbāyīti evaṃ mettāvihārī bhikkhu amanussānaṃ piyo hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Devatā rakkhantī</span>ti puttamiva mātāpitaro devatā rakkhanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nāssa</span> <a name="M1.0307"></a> <span class="bld">aggi vā visaṃ vā satthaṃ vā kamatī</span>ti mettāvihārissa kāye uttarāya upāsikāya viya aggi vā, saṃyuttabhāṇakacūḷasivattherasseva visaṃ vā, saṃkiccasāmaṇerasseva satthaṃ vā na kamati, na pavisati. Nāssa kāyaṃ vikopetīti vuttaṃ hoti. Dhenuvatthumpi cettha kathayanti<a name="V1.0304"></a>. Ekā kira dhenu vacchakassa khīradhāraṃ muñcamānā aṭṭhāsi. Eko luddako taṃ vijjhissāmīti hatthena samparivattetvā dīghadaṇḍasattiṃ muñci. Sā tassā sarīraṃ āhacca tālapaṇṇaṃ viya pavaṭṭamānā gatā, neva upacārabalena, na appanābalena, kevalaṃ vacchake balavapiyacittatāya. Evaṃ mahānubhāvā mettāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tuvaṭaṃ cittaṃ samādhiyatī</span>ti mettāvihārino khippameva cittaṃ samādhiyati, natthi tassa dandhāyitattaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mukhavaṇṇo vippasīdatī</span>ti bandhanā pavuttaṃ tālapakkaṃ viya cassa vippasannavaṇṇaṃ mukhaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Asammūḷho kālaṅkarotī</span>ti mettāvihārino sammohamaraṇaṃ nāma natthi, asammūḷhova niddaṃ okkamanto viya kālaṃ karoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Uttarimappaṭivijjhanto</span>ti mettāsamāpattito uttariṃ arahattaṃ adhigantuṃ asakkonto ito cavitvā suttappabuddho viya brahmalokamupapajjatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ mettābhāvanāyaṃ vitthārakathā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Karuṇābhāvanākathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para259"></a><span class="paranum">259</span>. Karuṇaṃ bhāvetukāmena pana nikkaruṇatāya ādīnavaṃ karuṇāya ca ānisaṃsaṃ paccavekkhitvā karuṇābhāvanā ārabhitabbā. Tañca pana ārabhantena paṭhamaṃ piyapuggalādīsu na ārabhitabbā. Piyo hi piyaṭṭhāneyeva tiṭṭhati. Atippiyasahāyako atippiyasahāyakaṭṭhāneyeva. Majjhatto majjhattaṭṭhāneyeva. Appiyo appiyaṭṭhāneyeva. Verī veriṭṭhāneyeva tiṭṭhati. Liṅgavisabhāgakālakatā akhettameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Kathañca bhikkhu karuṇāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati? Seyyathāpi nāma ekaṃ puggalaṃ duggataṃ durūpetaṃ disvā karuṇāyeyya, evameva <a name="M1.0308"></a> sabbasatte karuṇāya pharatī’’ti <a name="V1.0305"></a> vibhaṅge (vibha. 653) pana vuttattā sabbapaṭhamaṃ tāva kiñcideva karuṇāyitabbarūpaṃ paramakicchappattaṃ duggataṃ durūpetaṃ kapaṇapurisaṃ chinnāhāraṃ kapālaṃ purato ṭhapetvā anāthasālāya nisinnaṃ hatthapādehi paggharantakimigaṇaṃ aṭṭassaraṃ karontaṃ disvā ‘‘kicchaṃ vatāyaṃ satto āpanno, appeva nāma imamhā dukkhā mucceyyā’’ti karuṇā pavattetabbā. Taṃ alabhantena sukhitopi pāpakārī puggalo vajjhena upametvā karuṇāyitabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ? Seyyathāpi saha bhaṇḍena gahitacoraṃ ‘‘vadhetha na’’nti rañño āṇāya rājapurisā bandhitvā catukke catukke pahārasatāni dentā āghātanaṃ nenti. Tassa manussā khādanīyampi bhojanīyampi mālāgandhavilepanatambulānipi denti. Kiñcāpi so tāni khādanto ceva paribhuñjanto ca sukhito bhogasamappito viya gacchati, atha kho taṃ neva koci ‘‘sukhito ayaṃ mahābhogo’’ti maññati, aññadatthu ‘‘ayaṃ varāko idāni marissati, yaṃ yadeva hi ayaṃ padaṃ nikkhipati, tena tena santike maraṇassa hotī’’ti taṃ jano karuṇāyati. Evameva karuṇākammaṭṭhānikena bhikkhunā sukhitopi puggalo evaṃ karuṇāyitabbo ‘‘ayaṃ varāko kiñcāpi idāni sukhito susajjito bhoge paribhuñjati, atha kho tīsu dvāresu ekenāpi katassa kalyāṇakammassa abhāvā idāni apāyesu anappakaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedissatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ taṃ puggalaṃ karuṇāyitvā tato paraṃ eteneva upāyena piyapuggale, tato majjhatte, tato verimhīti anukkamena karuṇā pavattetabbā. Sace panassa pubbe vuttanayeneva verimhi paṭighaṃ uppajjati, taṃ mettāya vuttanayeneva vūpasametabbaṃ. Yopi cettha katakusalo hoti, tampi ñātirogabhogabyasanādīnaṃ aññatarena byasanena samannāgataṃ disvā vā sutvā vā tesaṃ abhāvepi vaṭṭadukkhaṃ anatikkantattā ‘‘dukkhitova aya’’nti evaṃ sabbathāpi karuṇāyitvā vuttanayeneva attani piyapuggale majjhatte verimhīti catūsu janesu sīmāsambhedaṃ katvā <a name="M1.0309"></a> taṃ nimittaṃ āsevantena bhāventena bahulīkarontena mettāya vuttanayeneva tikacatukkajjhānavasena appanā vaḍḍhetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aṅguttaraṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana paṭhamaṃ veripuggalo karuṇāyitabbo, tasmiṃ cittaṃ muduṃ katvā duggato, tato piyapuggalo, tato attāti ayaṃ kamo vutto, so ‘‘duggataṃ durūpeta’’nti pāḷiyā <a name="V1.0306"></a> na sameti, tasmā vuttanayenevettha bhāvanamārabhitvā sīmāsambhedaṃ katvā appanā vaḍḍhetabbā. Tato paraṃ ‘‘pañcahākārehi anodhisopharaṇā sattahākārehi odhisopharaṇā dasahākārehi disāpharaṇā’’ti ayaṃ vikubbanā, ‘‘sukhaṃ supatī’’tiādayo ānisaṃsā ca mettāyaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ karuṇābhāvanāya vitthārakathā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Muditābhāvanākathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para260"></a><span class="paranum">260</span>. Muditābhāvanaṃ ārabhantenāpi na paṭhamaṃ piyapuggalādīsu ārabhitabbā. Na hi piyo piyabhāvamatteneva muditāya padaṭṭhānaṃ hoti, pageva majjhattaverino. Liṅgavisabhāgakālakatā akhettameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atippiyasahāyako pana siyā padaṭṭhānaṃ, yo aṭṭhakathāyaṃ soṇḍasahāyoti vutto. So hi muditamuditova hoti, paṭhamaṃ hasitvā pacchā katheti, tasmā so vā paṭhamaṃ muditāya pharitabbo. Piyapuggalaṃ vā sukhitaṃ sajjitaṃ modamānaṃ disvā vā sutvā vā ‘‘modati vatāyaṃ satto, aho sādhu aho suṭṭhū’’ti muditā uppādetabbā. Imameva hi atthavasaṃ paṭicca vibhaṅge (vibha. 663) vuttaṃ ‘‘kathañca bhikkhu muditāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati? Seyyathāpi nāma ekaṃ puggalaṃ piyaṃ manāpaṃ disvā mudito assa, evameva sabbasatte muditāya pharatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sacepissa so soṇḍasahāyo vā piyapuggalo vā atīte sukhito ahosi, sampati pana duggato durūpeto, atītameva cassa sukhitabhāvaṃ anussaritvā ‘‘esa atīte evaṃ mahābhogo mahāparivāro niccappamudito ahosī’’ti tamevassa muditākāraṃ gahetvā muditā uppādetabbā ‘‘anāgate vā pana puna taṃ sampattiṃ labhitvā <a name="M1.0310"></a> hatthikkhandhaassapiṭṭhisuvaṇṇasivikādīhi vicarissatī’’ti anāgatampissa muditākāraṃ gahetvā muditā uppādetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ piyapuggale muditaṃ uppādetvā atha majjhatte tato verimhīti anukkamena muditā pavattetabbā. Appanā vaḍḍhetabbā. Sace panassa pubbe vuttanayeneva verimhi paṭighaṃ uppajjati, taṃ <a name="V1.0307"></a> mettāyaṃ vuttanayeneva vūpasametvā ‘‘imesu ca tīsu attani cā’’ti catūsu janesu samacittatāya sīmāsambhedaṃ katvā taṃ nimittaṃ āsevantena bhāventena bahulīkarontena mettāyaṃ vuttanayeneva tikacatukkajjhānavaseneva appanā vaḍḍhetabbā. Tato paraṃ ‘‘pañcahākārehi anodhisopharaṇā sattahākārehi odhisopharaṇā dasahākārehi disāpharaṇā’’ti ayaṃ vikubbanā, ‘‘sukhaṃ supatī’’tiādayo ānisaṃsā ca mettāyaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ muditābhāvanāya vitthārakathā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Upekkhābhāvanākathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para261"></a><span class="paranum">261</span>. Upekkhābhāvanaṃ bhāvetukāmena pana mettādīsu paṭiladdhatikacatukkajjhānena paguṇatatiyajjhānā vuṭṭhāya ‘‘sukhitā hontū’’tiādivasena sattakelāyanamanasikārayuttattā, paṭighānunayasamīpacārittā, somanassayogena oḷārikattā ca purimāsu ādīnavaṃ, santasabhāvattā upekkhāya ānisaṃsañca disvā yvāssa pakatimajjhatto puggalo, taṃ ajjhupekkhitvā upekkhā uppādetabbā. Tato piyapuggalādīsu. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘kathañca bhikkhu upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati? Seyyathāpi nāma ekaṃ puggalaṃ neva manāpaṃ na amanāpaṃ disvā upekkhako assa, evameva sabbe satte upekkhāya pharatī’’ti (vibha. 673).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmā vuttanayena majjhattapuggale upekkhaṃ uppādetvā atha piyapuggale, tato soṇḍasahāyake, tato verimhīti evaṃ ‘‘imesu ca tīsu attani cā’’ti sabbattha majjhattavasena sīmāsambhedaṃ katvā taṃ nimittaṃ āsevitabbaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ bahulīkātabbaṃ. Tassevaṃ karoto pathavīkasiṇe vuttanayeneva catutthajjhānaṃ uppajjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiṃ <a name="M1.0311"></a> panetaṃ pathavīkasiṇādīsu uppannatatiyajjhānassāpi uppajjatīti? Nuppajjati. Kasmā? Ārammaṇavisabhāgatāya. Mettādīsu uppannatatiyajjhānasseva pana uppajjati, ārammaṇasabhāgatāyāti. Tato paraṃ pana vikubbanā ca ānisaṃsapaṭilābho ca mettāyaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabboti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ <a name="V1.0308"></a> upekkhābhāvanāya vitthārakathā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pakiṇṇakakathā</p>
<p class="hangnum"><a name="para262"></a><span class="paranum">262</span>.</p>
<p class="gatha1"> Brahmuttamena kathite, brahmavihāre ime iti viditvā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhiyyo etesu ayaṃ, pakiṇṇakakathāpi viññeyyā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etāsu hi mettākaruṇāmuditāupekkhāsu <span class="bld">atthato</span> tāva mejjatīti <span class="bld">mettā,</span> siniyhatīti attho. Mitte vā bhavā, mittassa vā esā pavattītipi <span class="bld">mettā</span>. Paradukkhe sati sādhūnaṃ hadayakampanaṃ karotīti <span class="bld">karuṇā</span>. Kiṇāti vā paradukkhaṃ hiṃsati vināsetīti <span class="bld">karuṇā</span>. Kiriyati vā dukkhitesu pharaṇavasena pasāriyatīti <span class="bld">karuṇā</span>. Modanti tāya taṃsamaṅgino, sayaṃ vā modati, modanamattameva vā tanti <span class="bld">muditā</span>. ‘‘Averā hontū’’tiādibyāpārappahānena majjhattabhāvūpagamanena ca upekkhatīti <span class="bld">upekkhā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para263"></a><span class="paranum">263</span>. <span class="bld">Lakkhaṇādito</span> panettha hitākārappavattilakkhaṇā <span class="bld">mettā,</span> hitūpasaṃhārarasā, āghātavinayapaccupaṭṭhānā, sattānaṃ manāpabhāvadassanapadaṭṭhānā. Byāpādūpasamo etissā sampatti, sinehasambhavo vipatti. Dukkhāpanayanākārappavattilakkhaṇā <span class="bld">karuṇā,</span> paradukkhāsahanarasā, avihiṃsāpaccupaṭṭhānā, dukkhābhibhūtānaṃ anāthabhāvadassanapadaṭṭhānā. Vihiṃsūpasamo tassā sampatti, sokasambhavo vipatti. Pamodanalakkhaṇā <span class="bld">muditā,</span> anissāyanarasā, arativighātapaccupaṭṭhānā, sattānaṃ sampattidassanapadaṭṭhānā. Arativūpasamo tassā sampatti, pahāsasambhavo vipatti. Sattesu majjhattākārappavattilakkhaṇā <span class="bld">upekkhā,</span> sattesu samabhāvadassanarasā, paṭighānunayavūpasamapaccupaṭṭhānā, ‘‘kammassakā sattā, te kassa <a name="M1.0312"></a> ruciyā sukhitā vā bhavissanti, dukkhato vā muccissanti, pattasampattito vā na parihāyissantī’’ti evaṃ pavattakammassakatādassanapadaṭṭhānā. Paṭighānunayavūpasamo tassā sampatti, gehasitāya aññāṇupekkhāya sambhavo vipatti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para264"></a><span class="paranum">264</span>. Catunnampi panetesaṃ brahmavihārānaṃ vipassanāsukhañceva bhavasampatti ca <span class="bld">sādhāraṇappayojanaṃ</span><a name="V1.0309"></a>. Byāpādādipaṭighāto <span class="bld">āveṇikaṃ</span>. Byāpādapaṭighātappayojanā hettha mettā. Vihiṃsāaratirāgapaṭighātappayojanā itarā. Vuttampi cetaṃ –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Nissaraṇañhetaṃ, āvuso, byāpādassa yadidaṃ mettā cetovimutti. Nissaraṇañhetaṃ, āvuso, vihesāya yadidaṃ karuṇā cetovimutti. Nissaraṇañhetaṃ, āvuso, aratiyā yadidaṃ muditā cetovimutti. Nissaraṇañhetaṃ, āvuso, rāgassa yadidaṃ upekkhā cetovimuttī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.326; a. ni. 6.13).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para265"></a><span class="paranum">265</span>. Ekekassa cettha āsannadūravasena <span class="bld">dve dve paccatthikā. Mettābrahmavihārassa</span> hi samīpacāro viya purisassa sapatto guṇadassanasabhāgatāya rāgo āsannapaccatthiko, so lahuṃ otāraṃ labhati, tasmā tato suṭṭhu mettā rakkhitabbā. Pabbatādigahananissito viya purisassa sapatto sabhāgavisabhāgatāya byāpādo dūrapaccatthiko, tasmā tato nibbhayena mettāyitabbaṃ. Mettāyissati ca nāma, kopañca karissatīti aṭṭhānametaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Karuṇābrahmavihārassa</span> ‘‘cakkhuviññeyyānaṃ rūpānaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ kantānaṃ manāpānaṃ manoramānaṃ lokāmisapaṭisaṃyuttānaṃ appaṭilābhaṃ vā appaṭilābhato samanupassato pubbe vā paṭiladdhapubbaṃ atītaṃ niruddhaṃ vipariṇataṃ samanussarato uppajjati domanassaṃ, yaṃ evarūpaṃ domanassaṃ, idaṃ vuccati gehasitaṃ domanassa’’ntiādinā (ma. ni. 3.307) nayena āgataṃ gehasitaṃ domanassaṃ vipattidassanasabhāgatāya āsannapaccatthikaṃ. Sabhāgavisabhāgatāya vihiṃsā dūrapaccatthikā<a name="M1.0313"></a>. Tasmā tato nibbhayena karuṇāyitabbaṃ. Karuṇañca nāma karissati, pāṇiādīhi ca viheṭhissatīti aṭṭhānametaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Muditābrahmavihārassa</span> ‘‘cakkhuviññeyyānaṃ rūpānaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ…pe… lokāmisapaṭisaṃyuttānaṃ paṭilābhaṃ vā paṭilābhato samanupassato pubbe vā paṭiladdhapubbaṃ atītaṃ niruddhaṃ vipariṇataṃ samanussarato uppajjati somanassaṃ, yaṃ evarūpaṃ somanassaṃ, idaṃ vuccati gehasitaṃ somanassa’’ntiādinā (ma. ni. 3.306) nayena āgataṃ gehasitaṃ somanassaṃ sampattidassanasabhāgatāya āsannapaccatthikaṃ, sabhāgavisabhāgatāya arati dūrapaccatthikā. Tasmā tato <a name="V1.0310"></a> nibbhayena muditā bhāvetabbā. Mudito ca nāma bhavissati, pantasenāsanesu ca adhikusalesu dhammesu vā ukkaṇṭhissatīti aṭṭhānametaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Upekkhābrahmavihārassa</span> pana ‘‘cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā uppajjati upekkhā bālassa mūḷhassa puthujjanassa anodhijinassa avipākajinassa anādīnavadassāvino assutavato puthujjanassa yā evarūpā upekkhā, rūpaṃ sā nātivattati. Tasmā sā upekkhā gehasitāti vuccatī’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 3.308) nayena āgatā gehasitā aññāṇupekkhā dosaguṇāvicāraṇavasena sabhāgattā āsannapaccatthikā. Sabhāgavisabhāgatāya rāgapaṭighā dūrapaccatthikā. Tasmā tato nibbhayena upekkhitabbaṃ. Upekkhissati ca nāma, rajjissati ca paṭihaññissati cāti aṭṭhānametaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para266"></a><span class="paranum">266</span>. Sabbesampi ca etesaṃ kattukāmatā chando <span class="bld">ādi,</span> nīvaraṇādivikkhambhanaṃ <span class="bld">majjhaṃ,</span> appanā <span class="bld">pariyosānaṃ</span>. Paññattidhammavasena eko vā satto aneke vā sattā <span class="bld">ārammaṇaṃ</span>. Upacāre vā appanāya vā pattāya ārammaṇavaḍḍhanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyaṃ vaḍḍhanakkamo, yathā hi kusalo kassako kasitabbaṭṭhānaṃ paricchinditvā kasati, evaṃ paṭhamameva ekamāvāsaṃ paricchinditvā tattha sattesu imasmiṃ āvāse sattā averā hontūtiādinā nayena mettā bhāvetabbā. Tattha cittaṃ muduṃ kammaniyaṃ katvā dve āvāsā paricchinditabbā. Tato anukkamena tayo, cattāro, pañca, cha, satta, aṭṭha, nava, dasa, ekā racchā, upaḍḍhagāmo, gāmo, janapado, rajjaṃ, ekā disāti evaṃ yāva ekaṃ cakkavāḷaṃ, tato vā pana bhiyyo tattha tattha sattesu mettā <a name="M1.0314"></a> bhāvetabbā. Tathā karuṇādayoti ayamettha ārammaṇavaḍḍhanakkamo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para267"></a><span class="paranum">267</span>. Yathā pana kasiṇānaṃ nissando āruppā, samādhinissando nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ, vipassanānissando phalasamāpatti, samathavipassanānissando nirodhasamāpatti, evaṃ purimabrahmavihārattayanissando ettha upekkhābrahmavihāro. Yathā hi thambhe anussāpetvā tulāsaṅghāṭaṃ anāropetvā na sakkā ākāse kūṭagopānasiyo ṭhapetuṃ, evaṃ purimesu tatiyajjhānaṃ vinā na sakkā catutthaṃ bhāvetunti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para268"></a><span class="paranum">268</span>. Ettha <a name="V1.0311"></a> siyā, kasmā panetā mettākaruṇāmuditāupekkhā brahmavihārāti vuccanti? Kasmā ca catassova? Ko ca etāsaṃ kamo, abhidhamme ca kasmā appamaññāti vuttāti? Vuccate, seṭṭhaṭṭhena tāva niddosabhāvena cettha brahmavihāratā veditabbā. Sattesu sammāpaṭipattibhāvena hi seṭṭhā ete vihārā. Yathā ca brahmāno niddosacittā viharanti, evaṃ etehi sampayuttā yogino brahmasamā hutvā viharantīti seṭṭhaṭṭhena niddosabhāvena ca brahmavihārāti vuccanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para269"></a><span class="paranum">269</span>. Kasmā ca catassovātiādi pañhassa pana idaṃ vissajjanaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Visuddhimaggādivasā catasso,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Hitādiākāravasā panāsaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Kamo pavattanti ca appamāṇe,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tā gocare yena tadappamaññā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etāsu hi yasmā mettā byāpādabahulassa, karuṇā vihesābahulassa, muditā aratibahulassa, upekkhā rāgabahulassa visuddhimaggo. Yasmā ca hitūpasaṃhāraahitāpanayanasampattimodanaanābhogavasena catubbidhoyeva sattesu manasikāro. Yasmā ca yathā mātā daharagilānayobbanappattasakiccapasutesu catūsu puttesu daharassa abhivuḍḍhikāmā hoti, gilānassa gelaññāpanayanakāmā, yobbanappattassa yobbanasampattiyā ciraṭṭhitikāmā, sakakiccapasutassa kismiñci pariyāye abyāvaṭā hoti, tathā appamaññāvihārikenāpi sabbasattesu mettādivasena bhavitabbaṃ. Tasmā ito visuddhimaggādivasā catassova appamaññā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā <a name="M1.0315"></a> catassopetā bhāvetukāmena paṭhamaṃ hitākārappavattivasena sattesu paṭipajjitabbaṃ, hitākārappavattilakkhaṇā ca mettā. Tato evaṃ patthitahitānaṃ sattānaṃ dukkhābhibhavaṃ disvā vā sutvā vā sambhāvetvā vā dukkhāpanayanākārappavattivasena, dukkhāpanayanākārappavattilakkhaṇā ca karuṇā. Athevaṃ patthitahitānaṃ patthitadukkhāpagamānañca nesaṃ sampattiṃ disvā sampattipamodanavasena, pamodanalakkhaṇā ca muditā. Tato paraṃ pana kattabbābhāvato ajjhupekkhakattasaṅkhātena majjhattākārena paṭipajjitabbaṃ, majjhattākārappavattilakkhaṇā ca upekkhā<a name="V1.0312"></a>. Tasmā ito hitādiākāravasā panāsaṃ paṭhamaṃ mettā vuttā, atha karuṇā muditā upekkhāti ayaṃ kamo veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā pana sabbāpetā appamāṇe gocare pavattanti. Appamāṇā hi sattā etāsaṃ gocarabhūtā. Ekasattassāpi ca ettake padese mettādayo bhāvetabbāti evaṃ pamāṇaṃ agahetvā sakalapharaṇavaseneva pavattāti. Tena vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Visuddhimaggādivasā catasso,</p>
<p class="gatha2">Hitādiākāravasā panāsaṃ;</p>
<p class="gatha3">Kamo pavattanti ca appamāṇe,</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tā gocare yena tadappamaññāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para270"></a><span class="paranum">270</span>. Evaṃ appamāṇagocaratāya ekalakkhaṇāsu cāpi etāsu purimā tisso tikacatukkajjhānikāva honti. Kasmā? Somanassāvippayogato. Kasmā panāyaṃ somanassena avippayogoti? Domanassasamuṭṭhitānaṃ byāpādādīnaṃ nissaraṇattā. Pacchimā pana avasesaekajjhānikāva. Kasmā? Upekkhāvedanāsampayogato. Na hi sattesu majjhattākārappavattā brahmavihārupekkhā upekkhāvedanaṃ vinā vattatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para271"></a><span class="paranum">271</span>. Yo panevaṃ vadeyya ‘‘yasmā bhagavatā aṭṭhakanipāte catūsupi appamaññāsu avisesena vuttaṃ ‘tato tvaṃ bhikkhu imaṃ samādhiṃ savitakkampi savicāraṃ bhāveyyāsi, avitakkampi vicāramattaṃ bhāveyyāsi, avitakkampi avicāraṃ bhāveyyāsi, sappītikampi bhāveyyāsi, nippītikampi bhāveyyāsi, sātasahagatampi bhāveyyāsi, upekkhāsahagatampi bhāveyyāsī’ti (a. ni. 8.63), tasmā <a name="M1.0316"></a> catasso appamaññā catukkapañcakajjhānikā’’ti. So māhevantissa vacanīyo. Evañhi sati kāyānupassanādayopi catukkapañcakajjhānikā siyuṃ, vedanādīsu ca paṭhamajjhānampi natthi, pageva dutiyādīni. Tasmā byañjanacchāyāmattaṃ gahetvā mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, gambhīraṃ hi buddhavacanaṃ, taṃ ācariye payirupāsitvā adhippāyato gahetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para272"></a><span class="paranum">272</span>. Ayañhi <a name="V1.0313"></a> tatrādhippāyo – ‘‘sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti evaṃ āyācitadhammadesanaṃ kira taṃ bhikkhuṃ yasmā so pubbepi dhammaṃ sutvā tattheva vasati, na samaṇadhammaṃ kātuṃ gacchati, tasmā naṃ bhagavā ‘‘evameva panidhekacce moghapurisā mamaññeva ajjhesanti, dhamme ca bhāsite mamaññeva anubandhitabbaṃ maññantī’’ti apasādetvā puna yasmā so arahattassa upanissayasampanno, tasmā naṃ ovadanto āha – ‘‘tasmātiha te bhikkhu evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ, ajjhattaṃ me cittaṃ ṭhitaṃ bhavissati susaṇṭhitaṃ, na cuppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassantīti. Evañhi te bhikkhu sikkhitabba’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iminā panassa ovādena niyakajjhattavasena cittekaggatāmatto mūlasamādhi vutto. Tato ‘‘ettakeneva santuṭṭhiṃ anāpajjitvā evaṃ so eva samādhi vaḍḍhetabbo’’ti dassetuṃ ‘‘yato kho te bhikkhu ajjhattaṃ cittaṃ ṭhitaṃ hoti susaṇṭhitaṃ, na cuppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti. Tato te bhikkhu evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ mettā me cetovimutti bhāvitā bhavissati bahulīkatā yānikatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhāti. Evañhi te bhikkhu sikkhitabba’’nti evamassa mettāvasena bhāvanaṃ vatvā puna ‘‘yato kho te bhikkhu ayaṃ samādhi evaṃ bhāvito hoti bahulīkato, tato tvaṃ bhikkhu imaṃ mūlasamādhiṃ savitakkampi savicāraṃ bhāveyyāsi…pe… upekkhāsahagatampi bhāveyyāsī’’ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassattho – yadā te bhikkhu ayaṃ mūlasamādhi evaṃ mettāvasena bhāvito hoti, tadā tvaṃ tāvatakenāpi tuṭṭhiṃ anāpajjitvāva imaṃ mūlasamādhiṃ <a name="M1.0317"></a> aññesupi ārammaṇesu catukkapañcakajjhānāni pāpayamāno savitakkampi savicārantiādinā nayena bhāveyyāsīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ vatvā ca puna karuṇādiavasesabrahmavihārapubbaṅgamampissa aññesu ārammaṇesu catukkapañcakajjhānavasena bhāvanaṃ kareyyāsīti dassento ‘‘yato kho te bhikkhu ayaṃ samādhi evaṃ bhāvito hoti bahulīkato. Tato te bhikkhu evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ karuṇā me cetovimuttī’’tiādimāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ mettādipubbaṅgamaṃ catukkapañcakajjhānavasena bhāvanaṃ dassetvā puna kāyānupassanādipubbaṅgamaṃ <a name="V1.0314"></a> dassetuṃ ‘‘yato kho te bhikkhu ayaṃ samādhi evaṃ bhāvito hoti bahulīkato, tato te bhikkhu evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharissāmī’’ti ādiṃ vatvā ‘‘yato kho te bhikkhu ayaṃ samādhi evaṃ bhāvito bhavissati subhāvito, tato tvaṃ bhikkhu yena yeneva gagghasi, phāsuññeva gagghasi, yattha yattheva ṭhassasi, phāsuññeva ṭhassasi, yattha yattheva nisīdissasi, phāsuññeva nisīdissasi, yattha yattheva seyyaṃ kappessasi, phāsuññeva seyyaṃ kappessasī’’ti arahattanikūṭena desanaṃ samāpesi. Tasmā tikacatukkajjhānikāva mettādayo, upekkhā pana avasesaekajjhānikāvāti veditabbā. Tatheva ca abhidhamme (dha. sa. 251 ādayo; vibha. 673 ādayo) vibhattāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para273"></a><span class="paranum">273</span>. Evaṃ tikacatukkajjhānavasena ceva avasesaekajjhānavasena ca dvidhā ṭhitānampi etāsaṃ subhaparamādivasena aññamaññaṃ asadiso ānubhāvaviseso veditabbo. <span class="bld">Haliddavasanasuttasmiṃ</span> hi etā subhaparamādibhāvena visesetvā vuttā. Yathāha – ‘‘subhaparamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, mettaṃ cetovimuttiṃ vadāmi. Ākāsānañcāyatanaparamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, karuṇaṃ cetovimuttiṃ vadāmi. Viññāṇañcāyatanaparamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, muditaṃ cetovimuttiṃ vadāmi. Ākiñcaññāyatanaparamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, upekkhaṃ cetovimuttiṃ vadāmī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.235).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmā <a name="M1.0318"></a> panetā evaṃ vuttāti? Tassa tassa upanissayattā. Mettāvihārissa hi sattā appaṭikkūlā honti. Athassa appaṭikkūlaparicayā appaṭikkūlesu parisuddhavaṇṇesu nīlādīsu cittaṃ upasaṃharato appakasireneva tattha cittaṃ pakkhandati. Iti mettā subhavimokkhassa upanissayo hoti, na tato paraṃ, tasmā <span class="bld">subhaparamā</span>ti vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Karuṇāvihārissa pana daṇḍābhighātādirūpanimittaṃ pattadukkhaṃ samanupassantassa karuṇāya pavattisambhavato rūpe ādīnavo parividito hoti. Athassa parividitarūpādīnavattā pathavīkasiṇādīsu aññataraṃ ugghāṭetvā rūpanissaraṇe ākāse cittaṃ upasaṃharato appakasireneva tattha cittaṃ pakkhandati. Iti karuṇā ākāsānañcāyatanassa upanissayo hoti, na tato paraṃ, tasmā <span class="bld">ākāsānañcāyatanaparamā</span>ti vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Muditāvihārissa pana tena tena pāmojjakāraṇena uppannapāmojjasattānaṃ viññāṇaṃ samanupassantassa muditāya pavattisambhavato viññāṇaggahaṇaparicitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Athassa anukkamādhigataṃ <a name="V1.0315"></a> ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ atikkamma ākāsanimittagocare viññāṇe cittaṃ upasaṃharato appakasireneva tattha cittaṃ pakkhandatīti muditā viññāṇañcāyatanassa upanissayo hoti, na tato paraṃ, tasmā <span class="bld">viññāṇañcāyatanaparamā</span>ti vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Upekkhāvihārissa pana ‘‘sattā sukhitā vā hontu dukkhato vā vimuccantu, sampattasukhato vā mā vimuccantū’’ti ābhogābhāvato sukhadukkhādiparamatthagāhavimukhabhāvato avijjamānaggahaṇadukkhaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Athassa paramatthagāhato vimukhabhāvaparicitacittassa paramatthato avijjamānaggahaṇadukkhacittassa ca anukkamādhigataṃ viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma sabhāvato avijjamāne paramatthabhūtassa viññāṇassa abhāve cittaṃ upasaṃharato appakasireneva tattha cittaṃ pakkhandati. Iti upekkhā ākiñcaññāyatanassa upanissayo hoti, na tato paraṃ, tasmā <span class="bld">ākiñcaññāyatanaparamā</span>ti vuttāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para274"></a><span class="paranum">274</span>. Evaṃ subhaparamādivasena etāsaṃ ānubhāvaṃ viditvā puna sabbāpetā <span class="bld">dānādīnaṃ sabbakalyāṇadhammānaṃ paripūrikā</span>ti veditabbā. Sattesu <a name="M1.0319"></a> hi hitajjhāsayatāya sattānaṃ dukkhāsahanatāya, pattasampattivisesānaṃ ciraṭṭhitikāmatāya, sabbasattesu ca pakkhapātābhāvena samappavattacittā mahāsattā ‘‘imassa dātabbaṃ, imassa na dātabba’’nti vibhāgaṃ akatvā sabbasattānaṃ sukhanidānaṃ dānaṃ denti. Tesaṃ upaghātaṃ parivajjayantā sīlaṃ samādiyanti. Sīlaparipūraṇatthaṃ nekkhammaṃ bhajanti. Sattānaṃ hitāhitesu asammohatthāya paññaṃ pariyodapenti. Sattānaṃ hitasukhatthāya niccaṃ vīriyamārabhanti. Uttamavīriyavasena vīrabhāvaṃ pattāpi ca sattānaṃ nānappakārakaṃ aparādhaṃ khamanti. ‘‘Idaṃ vo dassāma karissāmā’’ti kataṃ paṭiññaṃ na visaṃvādenti. Tesaṃ hitasukhāya avicalādhiṭṭhānā honti. Tesu avicalāya mettāya pubbakārino honti. Upekkhāya paccupakāraṃ nāsīsantīti evaṃ pāramiyo pūretvā yāva dasabalacatuvesārajjachaasādhāraṇañāṇaaṭṭhārasabuddhadhammappabhede sabbepi kalyāṇadhamme paripūrentīti evaṃ dānādisabbakalyāṇadhammaparipūrikā etāva hontīti.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge</p>
<p class="centered">Samādhibhāvanādhikāre</p>
<p class="centered">Brahmavihāraniddeso nāma</p>
<p class="centered">Navamo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="chapter">10. Āruppaniddeso</p>
<p class="subhead">Paṭhamāruppavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para275"></a><span class="paranum">275</span>. Brahmavihārānantaraṃ <a name="M1.0320"></a><a name="V1.0316"></a> uddiṭṭhesu pana catūsu āruppesu ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ tāva bhāvetukāmo ‘‘dissante kho pana rūpādhikaraṇaṃ daṇḍādānasatthādānakalahaviggahavivādā, natthi kho panetaṃ sabbaso āruppeti. So iti paṭisaṅkhāya rūpānaṃyeva nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hotī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.103) vacanato etesaṃ daṇḍādānādīnañceva cakkhusotarogādīnañca ābādhasahassānaṃ vasena karajarūpe ādīnavaṃ disvā tassa samatikkamāya ṭhapetvā paricchinnākāsakasiṇaṃ navasu pathavīkasiṇādīsu aññatarasmiṃ catutthajjhānaṃ uppādeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassa kiñcāpi rūpāvacaracatutthajjhānavasena karajarūpaṃ atikkantaṃ hoti, atha kho kasiṇarūpampi yasmā tappaṭibhāgameva, tasmā tampi samatikkamitukāmo hoti. Kathaṃ? Yathā ahibhīruko puriso araññe sappena anubaddho vegena palāyitvā palātaṭṭhāne lekhācittaṃ tālapaṇṇaṃ vā valliṃ vā rajjuṃ vā phalitāya vā pana pathaviyā phalitantaraṃ disvā bhāyateva uttasateva, neva naṃ dakkhitukāmo hoti. Yathā ca anatthakārinā veripurisena saddhiṃ ekagāme vasamāno puriso tena vadhabandhagehajhāpanādīhi upadduto aññaṃ gāmaṃ vasanatthāya gantvā tatrāpi verinā samānarūpasaddasamudācāraṃ purisaṃ disvā bhāyateva uttasateva, neva naṃ dakkhitukāmo hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatridaṃ opammasaṃsandanaṃ – tesaṃ hi purisānaṃ ahinā verinā vā upaddutakālo viya bhikkhuno ārammaṇavasena karajarūpasamaṅgikālo. Tesaṃ vegena palāyanaaññagāmagamanāni viya bhikkhuno rūpāvacaracatutthajjhānavasena karajarūpasamatikkamanakālo. Tesaṃ palātaṭṭhāne ca aññagāme <a name="V1.0317"></a> ca lekhācittatālapaṇṇādīni ceva verisadisaṃ purisañca disvā bhayasantāsaadassanakāmatā viya bhikkhuno kasiṇarūpampi tappaṭibhāgameva idanti sallakkhetvā tampi samatikkamitukāmatā. Sūkarābhihatasunakhapisācabhīrukādikāpi cettha upamā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para276"></a><span class="paranum">276</span>. Evaṃ <a name="M1.0321"></a> so tasmā catutthajjhānassa ārammaṇabhūtā kasiṇarūpā nibbijja pakkamitukāmo pañcahākārehi ciṇṇavasī hutvā paguṇarūpāvacaracatutthajjhānato vuṭṭhāya tasmiṃ jhāne ‘‘imaṃ mayā nibbiṇṇaṃ rūpaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karotī’’ti ca, ‘‘āsannasomanassapaccatthika’’nti ca, ‘‘santavimokkhato oḷārika’’nti ca ādīnavaṃ passati. Aṅgoḷārikatā panettha natthi. Yatheva hetaṃ rūpaṃ duvaṅgikaṃ, evaṃ āruppānipīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So tattha evaṃ ādīnavaṃ disvā nikantiṃ pariyādāya ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ santato anantato manasikaritvā cakkavāḷapariyantaṃ vā yattakaṃ icchati tattakaṃ vā kasiṇaṃ pattharitvā tena phuṭṭhokāsaṃ ‘‘ākāso ākāso’’ti vā, ‘‘ananto ākāso’’ti vā manasikaronto ugghāṭeti kasiṇaṃ. Ugghāṭento hi neva kilañjaṃ viya saṃvelleti, na kapālato pūvaṃ viya uddharati, kevalaṃ pana taṃ neva āvajjeti, na manasi karoti, na paccavekkhati, anāvajjento amanasikaronto apaccavekkhanto ca aññadatthu tena phuṭṭhokāsaṃ ‘‘ākāso ākāso’’ti manasikaronto kasiṇaṃ ugghāṭeti nāma. Kasiṇampi ugghāṭiyamānaṃ neva ubbaṭṭati na vivaṭṭati, kevalaṃ imassa amanasikārañca ‘‘ākāso ākāso’’ti manasikārañca paṭicca ugghāṭitaṃ nāma hoti, kasiṇugghāṭimākāsamattaṃ paññāyati. Kasiṇugghāṭimākāsanti vā kasiṇaphuṭṭhokāsoti vā kasiṇavivittākāsanti vā sabbametaṃ ekameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So taṃ kasiṇugghāṭimākāsanimittaṃ ‘‘ākāso ākāso’’ti punappunaṃ āvajjeti, takkāhataṃ vitakkāhataṃ karoti. Tassevaṃ punappunaṃ āvajjayato takkāhataṃ vitakkāhataṃ karoto nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhanti, sati santiṭṭhati, upacārena cittaṃ samādhiyati. So taṃ nimittaṃ punappunaṃ āsevati, bhāveti, bahulīkaroti. Tassevaṃ punappunaṃ āvajjayato manasikaroto pathavīkasiṇādīsu rūpāvacaracittaṃ viya ākāse ākāsānañcāyatanacittaṃ appeti. Idhāpi hi purimabhāge <a name="V1.0318"></a> tīṇi cattāri vā javanāni kāmāvacarāni upekkhāvedanāsampayuttāneva honti. Catutthaṃ pañcamaṃ vā arūpāvacaraṃ. Sesaṃ pathavīkasiṇe vuttanayameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ <a name="M1.0322"></a> pana viseso, evaṃ uppanne arūpāvacaracitte so bhikkhu yathā nāma yānapputoḷi kumbhimukhādīnaṃ aññataraṃ nīlapilotikāya vā pītalohitodātādīnaṃ vā aññatarāya pilotikāya bandhitvā pekkhamāno puriso vātavegena vā aññena vā kenaci apanītāya pilotikāya ākāsaṃyeva pekkhamāno tiṭṭheyya, evameva pubbe kasiṇamaṇḍalaṃ jhānacakkhunā pekkhamāno viharitvā ‘‘ākāso ākāso’’ti iminā parikammamanasikārena sahasā apanīte tasmiṃ nimitte ākāsaññeva pekkhamāno viharati. Ettāvatā cesa ‘‘sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’ti vuccati (vibha. 508; dī. ni. 2.129).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para277"></a><span class="paranum">277</span>. Tattha <span class="bld">sabbaso</span>ti sabbākārena, sabbāsaṃ vā anavasesānanti attho. <span class="bld">Rūpasaññāna</span>nti saññāsīsena vuttarūpāvacarajjhānānañceva tadārammaṇānañca. Rūpāvacarajjhānampi hi <span class="bld">rūpa</span>nti vuccati ‘‘rūpī rūpāni passatī’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.129), tassa ārammaṇampi ‘‘bahiddhā rūpāni passati suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇānī’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.173), tasmā idha rūpe saññā rūpasaññāti evaṃ saññāsīsena vuttarūpāvacarajjhānassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Rūpaṃ saññā assāti rūpasaññaṃ. Rūpaṃ assa nāmanti vuttaṃ hoti. Pathavīkasiṇādibhedassa tadārammaṇassa cetaṃ adhivacananti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Samatikkamā</span>ti virāgā nirodhā ca. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Etāsaṃ kusalavipākakiriyavasena pañcadasannaṃ jhānasaṅkhātānaṃ rūpasaññānaṃ, etesañca pathavīkasiṇādivasena navannaṃ ārammaṇasaṅkhātānaṃ rūpasaññānaṃ sabbākārena anavasesānaṃ vā virāgā ca nirodhā ca virāgahetuñceva nirodhahetuñca ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Na hi sakkā sabbaso anatikkantarūpasaññena etaṃ upasampajja viharitunti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yasmā ārammaṇe avirattassa saññāsamatikkamo na hoti, samatikkantāsu ca saññāsu ārammaṇaṃ samatikkantameva hoti. Tasmā ārammaṇasamatikkamaṃ avatvā ‘‘tattha katamā rūpasaññā<a name="V1.0319"></a>? Rūpāvacarasamāpattiṃ samāpannassa vā upapannassa vā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārissa vā saññā sañjānanā sañjānitattaṃ<a name="M1.0323"></a>, imā vuccanti rūpasaññāyo. Imā rūpasaññāyo atikkanto hoti vītikkanto samatikkanto. Tena vuccati sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā’’ti (vibha. 602) evaṃ vibhaṅge saññānaṃyeva samatikkamo vutto. Yasmā pana ārammaṇasamatikkamena pattabbā etā samāpattiyo, na ekasmiññeva ārammaṇe paṭhamajjhānādīni viya. Tasmā ayaṃ ārammaṇasamatikkamavasenāpi atthavaṇṇanā katāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para278"></a><span class="paranum">278</span>. <span class="bld">Paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā</span>ti cakkhādīnaṃ vatthūnaṃ rūpādīnaṃ ārammaṇānañca paṭighātena samuppannā saññā paṭighasaññā. Rūpasaññādīnaṃ etamadhivacanaṃ. Yathāha – ‘‘tattha katamā paṭighasaññā? Rūpasaññā saddasaññā gandhasaññā rasasaññā phoṭṭhabbasaññā, imā vuccanti paṭighasaññāyo’’ti (vibha. 603). Tāsaṃ kusalavipākānaṃ pañcannaṃ, akusalavipākānaṃ pañcannanti sabbaso dasannampi paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā pahānā asamuppādā appavattiṃ katvāti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kāmañcetā paṭhamajjhānādīni samāpannassāpi na santi. Na hi tasmiṃ samaye pañcadvāravasena cittaṃ pavattati. Evaṃ santepi aññattha pahīnānaṃ sukhadukkhānaṃ catutthajjhāne viya, sakkāyadiṭṭhādīnaṃ tatiyamagge viya ca imasmiṃ jhāne ussāhajananatthaṃ imassa jhānassa pasaṃsāvasena etāsamettha vacanaṃ veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā kiñcāpi tā rūpāvacaraṃ samāpannassāpi na santi, atha kho na pahīnattā na santi. Na hi rūpavirāgāya rūpāvacarabhāvanā saṃvattati, rūpāyattā ca etāsaṃ pavatti. Ayaṃ pana bhāvanā rūpavirāgāya saṃvattati. Tasmā tā ettha pahīnāti vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Na kevalañca vattuṃ, ekaṃseneva evaṃ dhāretumpi vaṭṭati. Tāsañhi ito pubbe appahīnattāyeva paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa saddo ‘‘kaṇṭako’’ti (a. ni. 10.72) vutto bhagavatā. Idha ca pahīnattāyeva arūpasamāpattīnaṃ āneñjatā (vibha. 226) santavimokkhatā (ma. ni. 1.66) ca vuttā. Āḷāro ca kālāmo arūpasamāpanno pañcamattāni sakaṭasatāni nissāya nissāya atikkamantāni neva addasa, na pana saddaṃ assosīti (dī. ni. 2.192).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para279"></a><span class="paranum">279</span>. <span class="bld">Nānattasaññānaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0324"></a><a name="V1.0320"></a> <span class="bld">amanasikārā</span>ti nānatte vā gocare pavattānaṃ saññānaṃ, nānattānaṃ vā saññānaṃ. Yasmā hi etā ‘‘tattha katamā nānattasaññā? Asamāpannassa manodhātusamaṅgissa vā manoviññāṇadhātusamaṅgissa vā saññā sañjānanā sañjānitattaṃ, imā vuccanti nānattasaññāyo’’ti evaṃ vibhaṅge (vibha. 604) vibhajitvā vuttā idha adhippetā asamāpannassa manodhātumanoviññāṇadhātusaṅgahitā saññā rūpasaddādibhede nānatte nānāsabhāve gocare pavattanti, yasmā cetā aṭṭha kāmāvacarakusalasaññā, dvādasākusalasaññā, ekādasa kāmāvacarakusalavipākasaññā, dve akusalavipākasaññā, ekādasa kāmāvacarakiriyasaññāti evaṃ catucattālīsampi saññā nānattā nānāsabhāvā aññamaññaṃ asadisā, tasmā nānattasaññāti vuttā. Tāsaṃ sabbaso nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā anāvajjanā asamannāhārā apaccavekkhaṇā. Yasmā tā nāvajjeti, na manasi karoti, na paccavekkhati, tasmāti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yasmā cettha purimā rūpasaññā paṭighasaññā ca iminā jhānena nibbatte bhavepi na vijjanti. Pageva tasmiṃ bhave imaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharaṇakāle, tasmā tāsaṃ <span class="bld">samatikkamā atthaṅgamā</span>ti dvedhāpi abhāvoyeva vutto. Nānattasaññāsu pana yasmā aṭṭha kāmāvacarakusalasaññā, nava kiriyasaññā, dasākusalasaññāti imā sattavīsatisaññā iminā jhānena nibbatte bhave vijjanti, tasmā tāsaṃ <span class="bld">amanasikārā</span>ti vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Tatrāpi hi imaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharanto tāsaṃ amanasikārāyeva upasampajja viharati, tā pana manasikaronto asamāpanno hotīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Saṅkhepato cettha <span class="bld">rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā</span>ti iminā sabbarūpāvacaradhammānaṃ pahānaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā</span>ti iminā sabbesaṃ kāmāvacaracittacetasikānaṃ pahānañca amanasikāro ca vuttoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para280"></a><span class="paranum">280</span>. <span class="bld">Ananto ākāso</span>ti ettha nāssa uppādanto vā vayanto vā paññāyatīti ananto. Ākāsoti kasiṇugghāṭimākāso vuccati. Manasikāravasenāpi cettha anantatā veditabbā. Teneva <a name="M1.0325"></a> vibhaṅge vuttaṃ ‘‘tasmiṃ ākāse cittaṃ ṭhapeti, saṇṭhapeti, anantaṃ pharati, tena vuccati ananto ākāso’’ti (vibha. 605).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ</span> <a name="V1.0321"></a> <span class="bld">upasampajja viharatī</span>ti ettha pana nāssa antoti anantaṃ, ākāsaṃ anantaṃ ākāsānantaṃ, ākāsānantameva ākāsānañcaṃ, taṃ ākāsānañcaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena āyatanamassa sasampayuttadhammassa jhānassa devānaṃ devāyatanamivāti <span class="bld">ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Upasampajja viharatī</span>ti tamākāsānañcāyatanaṃ patvā nipphādetvā tadanurūpena iriyāpathavihārena viharatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ ākāsānañcāyatanakammaṭṭhāne vitthārakathā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Viññāṇañcāyatanakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para281"></a><span class="paranum">281</span>. Viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ bhāvetukāmena pana pañcahākārehi ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattiyaṃ ciṇṇavasībhāvena ‘‘āsannarūpāvacarajjhānapaccatthikā ayaṃ samāpatti, no ca viññāṇañcāyatanamiva santā’’ti ākāsānañcāyatane ādīnavaṃ disvā tattha nikantiṃ pariyādāya viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ santato manasikaritvā taṃ ākāsaṃ pharitvā pavattaviññāṇaṃ ‘‘viññāṇaṃ viññāṇa’’nti punappunaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ, manasikātabbaṃ, paccavekkhitabbaṃ, takkāhataṃ vitakkāhataṃ kātabbaṃ. ‘‘Anantaṃ ananta’’nti pana na manasikātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassevaṃ tasmiṃ nimitte punappunaṃ cittaṃ cārentassa nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhanti, sati santiṭṭhati, upacārena cittaṃ samādhiyati. So taṃ nimittaṃ punappunaṃ āsevati, bhāveti, bahulīkaroti. Tassevaṃ karoto ākāse ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ viya ākāsaphuṭe viññāṇe viññāṇañcāyatanacittaṃ appeti. Appanānayo panettha vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Ettāvatā cesa ‘‘sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma anantaṃ viññāṇanti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’ti (vibha. 508; dī. ni. 2.129) vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para282"></a><span class="paranum">282</span>. Tattha <span class="bld">sabbaso</span>ti idaṃ vuttanayameva. <span class="bld">Ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkammā</span>ti ettha pana pubbe vuttanayena jhānampi ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ, ārammaṇampi<a name="M1.0326"></a>. <span class="bld">Ārammaṇampi</span> hi purimanayeneva ākāsānañcañca taṃ paṭhamassa āruppajjhānassa ārammaṇattā devānaṃ devāyatanaṃ viya adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena <a name="V1.0322"></a> āyatanañcāti <span class="bld">ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ</span>. Tathā ākāsānañcañca taṃ tassa jhānassa sañjātihetuttā ‘‘kambojā assānaṃ āyatana’’ntiādīni viya sañjātidesaṭṭhena āyatanañcātipi <span class="bld">ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ</span>. Evametaṃ jhānañca ārammaṇañcāti ubhayampi appavattikaraṇena ca amanasikaraṇena ca samatikkamitvāva yasmā idaṃ viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja vihātabbaṃ, tasmā ubhayampetaṃ ekajjhaṃ katvā ‘‘ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkammā’’ti idaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anantaṃ viññāṇa</span>nti taṃyeva ananto ākāsoti evaṃ pharitvā pavattaviññāṇaṃ ‘‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’’nti evaṃ manasikarontoti vuttaṃ hoti. Manasikāravasena vā anantaṃ. So hi tamākāsārammaṇaṃ viññāṇaṃ anavasesato manasikaronto ‘‘ananta’’nti manasi karoti. Yaṃ pana vibhaṅge vuttaṃ ‘‘anantaṃ viññāṇanti, taṃyeva ākāsaṃ viññāṇena phuṭaṃ manasi karoti, anantaṃ pharati, tena vuccati anantaṃ viññāṇa’’nti (vibha. 610).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">viññāṇenā</span>ti upayogatthe karaṇavacanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Evañhi aṭṭhakathācariyā tassa atthaṃ vaṇṇayanti, anantaṃ pharati taññeva ākāsaṃ phuṭaṃ viññāṇaṃ manasi karotīti vuttaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharatī</span>ti ettha pana nāssa antoti <span class="bld">anantaṃ</span>. Anantameva <span class="bld">ānañcaṃ</span>. Viññāṇaṃ ānañcaṃ viññāṇānañcanti avatvā <span class="bld">viññāṇañca</span>nti vuttaṃ. Ayañhettha rūḷhīsaddo. Taṃ viññāṇañcaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena āyatanamassa sasampayuttadhammassa jhānassa devānaṃ devāyatanamivāti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ. Sesaṃ purimasadisamevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ viññāṇañcāyatanakammaṭṭhāne vitthārakathā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Ākiñcaññāyatanakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para283"></a><span class="paranum">283</span>. Ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ bhāvetukāmena pana pañcahākārehi viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiyaṃ ciṇṇavasībhāvena ‘‘āsannaākāsānañcāyatanapaccatthikā ayaṃ samāpatti, no ca ākiñcaññāyatanamiva santā’’ti viññāṇañcāyatane <a name="M1.0327"></a> ādīnavaṃ disvā tattha nikantiṃ pariyādāya <a name="V1.0323"></a> ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ santato manasikaritvā tasseva viññāṇañcāyatanārammaṇabhūtassa ākāsānañcāyatanaviññāṇassa abhāvo suññatā vivittākāro manasikātabbo. Kathaṃ? Taṃ viññāṇaṃ amanasikaritvā ‘‘natthi natthī’’ti vā, ‘‘suññaṃ suñña’’nti vā, ‘‘vivittaṃ vivitta’’nti vā punappunaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ, manasikātabbaṃ, paccavekkhitabbaṃ, takkāhataṃ vitakkāhataṃ kātabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassevaṃ tasmiṃ nimitte cittaṃ cārentassa nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhanti, sati santiṭṭhati, upacārena cittaṃ samādhiyati. So taṃ nimittaṃ punappunaṃ āsevati, bhāveti, bahulīkaroti. Tassevaṃ karoto ākāse phuṭe mahaggataviññāṇe viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ viya tasseva ākāsaṃ pharitvā pavattassa mahaggataviññāṇassa suññavivittanatthibhāve ākiñcaññāyatanacittaṃ appeti. Etthāpi ca appanānayo vuttanayeneva veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana viseso, tasmiṃ hi appanācitte uppanne so bhikkhu yathā nāma puriso maṇḍalamāḷādīsu kenacideva karaṇīyena sannipatitaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ disvā katthaci gantvā sannipātakiccāvasāneva uṭṭhāya pakkantesu bhikkhūsu āgantvā dvāre ṭhatvā puna taṃ ṭhānaṃ olokento suññameva passati, vivittameva passati. Nāssa evaṃ hoti ‘‘ettakā nāma bhikkhū kālaṅkatā vā disāpakkantā vā’’ti, atha kho suññamidaṃ vivittanti natthibhāvameva passati, evameva pubbe ākāse pavattitaviññāṇaṃ viññāṇañcāyatanajjhānacakkhunā passanto viharitvā ‘‘natthi natthī’’tiādinā parikammamanasikārena antarahite tasmiṃ viññāṇe tassa apagamasaṅkhātaṃ abhāvameva passanto viharati. Ettāvatā cesa ‘‘sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma natthi kiñcīti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’ti (vibha. 508; dī. ni. 2.129) vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para284"></a><span class="paranum">284</span>. Idhāpi <span class="bld">sabbaso</span>ti idaṃ vuttanayameva. <span class="bld">Viññāṇañcāyatana</span>nti etthāpi ca pubbe vuttanayeneva jhānampi viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ ārammaṇampi. <span class="bld">Ārammaṇampi</span> hi purimanayeneva viññāṇañcañca taṃ dutiyassa āruppajjhānassa ārammaṇattā devānaṃ devāyatanaṃ viya adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena āyatanañcāti <span class="bld">viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ</span><a name="M1.0328"></a>. Tathā viññāṇañcañca taṃ tasseva jhānassa sañjātihetuttā ‘‘kambojā assānaṃ āyatana’’ntiādīni viya sañjātidesaṭṭhena āyatanañcātipi <a name="V1.0324"></a> <span class="bld">viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ</span>. Evametaṃ jhānañca ārammaṇañcāti ubhayampi appavattikaraṇena ca amanasikaraṇena ca samatikkamitvāva yasmā idaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja vihātabbaṃ, tasmā ubhayampetaṃ ekajjhaṃ katvā viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkammāti idaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Natthi kiñcī</span>ti natthi natthi, suññaṃ suññaṃ, vivittaṃ vivittanti evaṃ manasikarontoti vuttaṃ hoti. Yampi vibhaṅge vuttaṃ ‘‘natthi kiñcīti taññeva viññāṇaṃ abhāveti vibhāveti antaradhāpeti natthi kiñcīti passati, tena vuccati natthi kiñcī’’ti, taṃ kiñcāpi khayato sammasanaṃ viya vuttaṃ, atha khvassa evameva attho daṭṭhabbo. Tañhi viññāṇaṃ anāvajjento amanasikaronto apaccavekkhanto kevalamassa natthibhāvaṃ suññabhāvaṃ vivittabhāvameva manasikaronto abhāveti vibhāveti antaradhāpetīti vuccati, na aññathāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharatī</span>ti ettha pana nāssa kiñcananti <span class="bld">akiñcanaṃ,</span> antamaso bhaṅgamattampi assa avasiṭṭhaṃ natthīti vuttaṃ hoti. Akiñcanassa bhāvo <span class="bld">ākiñcaññaṃ,</span> ākāsānañcāyatanaviññāṇāpagamassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Taṃ ākiñcaññaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena āyatanamassa jhānassa devānaṃ devāyatanamivāti <span class="bld">ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ</span>. Sesaṃ purimasadisamevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanakammaṭṭhāne vitthārakathā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para285"></a><span class="paranum">285</span>. Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ bhāvetukāmena pana pañcahākārehi ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattiyaṃ ciṇṇavasībhāvena ‘‘āsannaviññāṇañcāyatanapaccatthikā ayaṃ samāpatti, no ca nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ viya santā’’ti vā ‘‘saññā rogo, saññā gaṇḍo, saññā sallaṃ, etaṃ santaṃ, etaṃ paṇītaṃ yadidaṃ nevasaññānāsaññā’’ti vā evaṃ ākiñcaññāyatane ādīnavaṃ, upari ānisaṃsañca disvā ākiñcaññāyatane nikantiṃ pariyādāya nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ santato manasikaritvā ‘‘sāva abhāvaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavattitā ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpatti <a name="V1.0325"></a> santā santā’’ti <a name="M1.0329"></a> punappunaṃ āvajjitabbā, manasikātabbā, paccavekkhitabbā, takkāhatā vitakkāhatā kātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassevaṃ tasmiṃ nimitte punappunaṃ mānasaṃ cārentassa nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhanti, sati santiṭṭhati, upacārena cittaṃ samādhiyati. So taṃ nimittaṃ punappunaṃ āsevati, bhāveti, bahulīkaroti. Tassevaṃ karoto viññāṇāpagame ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ viya ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattisaṅkhātesu catūsu khandhesu nevasaññānāsaññāyatanacittaṃ appeti. Appanānayo panettha vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Ettāvatā cesa ‘‘sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’ti (vibha. 508; dī. ni. 2.129) vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para286"></a><span class="paranum">286</span>. Idhāpi <span class="bld">sabbaso</span>ti idaṃ vuttanayameva. <span class="bld">Ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkammā</span>ti etthāpi pubbe vuttanayeneva jhānampi ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ ārammaṇampi. <span class="bld">Ārammaṇampi</span> hi purimanayeneva ākiñcaññañca taṃ tatiyassa āruppajjhānassa ārammaṇattā devānaṃ devāyatanaṃ viya adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena āyatanañcāti <span class="bld">ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ</span>. Tathā ākiñcaññañca taṃ tasseva jhānassa sañjātihetuttā kambojā assānaṃ āyatanantiādīni viya sañjātidesaṭṭhena āyatanañcātipi <span class="bld">ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ</span>. Evametaṃ jhānañca ārammaṇañcāti ubhayampi appavattikaraṇena ca amanasikaraṇena ca samatikkamitvāva yasmā idaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja vihātabbaṃ, tasmā ubhayampetaṃ ekajjhaṃ katvā ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkammāti idaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nevasaññānāsaññāyatana</span>nti ettha pana yāya saññāya bhāvato taṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatananti vuccati. Yathā paṭipannassa sā saññā hoti, taṃ tāva dassetuṃ vibhaṅge ‘‘nevasaññīnāsaññī’’ti uddharitvā ‘‘taññeva ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ santato manasi karoti, saṅkhārāvasesasamāpattiṃ bhāveti, tena vuccati nevasaññīnāsaññī’’ti (vibha. 619) vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">santato manasi karotī</span>ti ‘‘santā vatāyaṃ samāpatti, yatra hi nāma natthibhāvampi ārammaṇaṃ karitvā ṭhassatī’’ti evaṃ santārammaṇatāya taṃ santāti manasi karoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Santato <a name="M1.0330"></a> ce manasi karoti, kathaṃ samatikkamo hotīti? Asamāpajjitukāmatāya. So hi <a name="V1.0326"></a> kiñcāpi taṃ santato manasi karoti, atha khvassa ‘‘ahametaṃ āvajjissāmi, samāpajjissāmi, adhiṭṭhahissāmi, vuṭṭhahissāmi, paccavekkhissāmī’’ti esa ābhogo samannāhāro manasikāro na hoti. Kasmā? Ākiñcaññāyatanato nevasaññānāsaññāyatanassa santatarapaṇītataratāya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā hi rājā mahacca rājānubhāvena hatthikkhandhavaragato nagaravīthiyaṃ vicaranto dantakārādayo sippike ekaṃ vatthaṃ daḷhaṃ nivāsetvā ekena sīsaṃ veṭhetvā dantacuṇṇādīhi samokiṇṇagatte anekāni dantavikatiādīni sippāni karonte disvā ‘‘aho vata re chekā ācariyā īdisānipi nāma sippāni karissantī’’ti evaṃ tesaṃ chekatāya tussati, na cassa evaṃ hoti ‘‘aho vatāhaṃ rajjaṃ pahāya evarūpo sippiko bhaveyya’’nti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Rajjasiriyā mahānisaṃsatāya. So sippino samatikkamitvāva gacchati. Evameva esa kiñcāpi taṃ samāpattiṃ santato manasi karoti, atha khvassa ‘‘ahametaṃ samāpattiṃ āvajjissāmi, samāpajjissāmi, adhiṭṭhahissāmi, vuṭṭhahissāmi, paccavekkhissāmī’’ti neva esa ābhogo samannāhāro manasikāro hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">So taṃ santato manasikaronto pubbe vuttanayena taṃ paramasukhumaṃ appanāppattaṃ saññaṃ pāpuṇāti, yāya nevasaññīnāsaññī nāma hoti, saṅkhārāvasesasamāpattiṃ bhāvetīti vuccati. <span class="bld">Saṅkhārāvasesasamāpatti</span>nti accantasukhumabhāvappattasaṅkhāraṃ catutthāruppasamāpattiṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para287"></a><span class="paranum">287</span>. Idāni yaṃ taṃ evamadhigatāya saññāya vasena nevasaññānāsaññāyatananti vuccati, taṃ atthato dassetuṃ ‘‘nevasaññānāsaññāyatananti nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpannassa vā upapannassa vā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārissa vā cittacetasikā dhammā’’ti (vibha. 620) vuttaṃ. Tesu idha samāpannassa cittacetasikā dhammā adhippetā. Vacanattho panettha oḷārikāya saññāya abhāvato sukhumāya ca bhāvato nevassa sasampayuttadhammassa jhānassa saññā nāsaññanti <span class="bld">nevasaññānāsaññaṃ</span>. Nevasaññānāsaññañca taṃ <a name="M1.0331"></a> manāyatanadhammāyatanapariyāpannattā āyatanañcāti <span class="bld">nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ</span>. Atha vā yāyamettha saññā, sā paṭusaññākiccaṃ kātuṃ asamatthatāya nevasaññā, saṅkhārāvasesasukhumabhāvena vijjamānattā nāsaññāti <span class="bld">nevasaññānāsaññā</span><a name="V1.0327"></a>. Nevasaññānāsaññā ca sā sesadhammānaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena āyatanañcāti <span class="bld">nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Na kevalañcettha saññāva edisī, atha kho vedanāpi nevavedanānāvedanā, cittampi nevacittaṃnācittaṃ, phassopi nevaphassonāphasso. Esa nayo sesasampayuttadhammesu. Saññāsīsena panāyaṃ desanā katāti veditabbā. Pattamakkhanatelappabhutīhi ca upamāhi esa attho vibhāvetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sāmaṇero kira telena pattaṃ makkhetvā ṭhapesi, taṃ yāgupānakāle thero pattamāharāti āha. So ‘‘patte telamatthi, bhante’’ti āha. Tato ‘‘āhara, sāmaṇera, telaṃ, nāḷiṃ pūressāmī’’ti vutte ‘‘natthi, bhante, tela’’nti āha. Tattha yathā antovutthattā yāguyā saddhiṃ akappiyaṭṭhena ‘‘telamatthī’’ti hoti. Nāḷipūraṇādīnaṃ vasena ‘‘natthī’’ti hoti. Evaṃ sāpi saññā paṭusaññākiccaṃ kātuṃ asamatthatāya nevasaññā, saṅkhārāvasesasukhumabhāvena vijjamānattā nāsaññā hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiṃ panettha saññākiccanti? Ārammaṇasañjānanañceva vipassanāya ca visayabhāvaṃ upagantvā nibbidājananaṃ. Dahanakiccamiva hi sukhodake tejodhātu sañjānanakiccaṃ pesā paṭuṃ kātuṃ na sakkoti. Sesasamāpattīsu saññā viya vipassanāya visayabhāvaṃ upagantvā nibbidājananampi kātuṃ na sakkoti. Aññesu hi khandhesu akatābhiniveso bhikkhu nevasaññānāsaññāyatanakkhandhe sammasitvā nibbidaṃ pattuṃ samattho nāma natthi apica āyasmā sāriputto. Pakativipassako pana mahāpañño sāriputtasadisova sakkuṇeyya. Sopi ‘‘evaṃ kirime dhammā ahutvā sambhonti, hutvā paṭiventī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.95) evaṃ kalāpasammasanavaseneva, no anupadadhammavipassanāvasena. Evaṃ sukhumattaṃ gatā esā samāpatti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā <a name="M1.0332"></a> ca pattamakkhanatelūpamāya, evaṃ maggudakūpamāyapi ayamattho vibhāvetabbo. Maggappaṭipannassa kira therassa purato gacchanto sāmaṇero thokaṃ udakaṃ disvā ‘‘udakaṃ, bhante, upāhanā omuñcathā’’ti āha. Tato therena ‘‘sace udakamatthi, āhara nhānasāṭikaṃ, nhāyissāmā’’ti vutte ‘‘natthi, bhante’’ti āha. Tattha yathā upāhanatemanamattaṭṭhena ‘‘udakamatthī’’ti <a name="V1.0328"></a> hoti, nhāyanaṭṭhena ‘‘natthī’’ti hoti. Evampi sā paṭusaññākiccaṃ kātuṃ asamatthatāya nevasaññā, saṅkhārāvasesasukhumabhāvena vijjamānattā nāsaññā hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Na kevalañca etāheva, aññāhipi anurūpāhi upamāhi esa attho vibhāvetabbo. Upasampajja viharatīti idaṃ vuttanayamevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanakammaṭṭhāne vitthārakathā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pakiṇṇakakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para288"></a><span class="paranum">288</span>. Asadisarūpo nātho, āruppaṃ yaṃ catubbidhaṃ āha.</p>
<p class="gathalast">Taṃ iti ñatvā tasmiṃ, pakiṇṇakakathāpi viññeyyā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para289"></a><span class="paranum">289</span>. Āruppasamāpattiyo hi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ārammaṇātikkamato, catassopi bhavantimā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Aṅgātikkamametāsaṃ, na icchanti vibhāvino.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etāsu hi rūpanimittātikkamato paṭhamā, ākāsātikkamato dutiyā, ākāse pavattitaviññāṇātikkamato tatiyā. Ākāse pavattitaviññāṇassa apagamātikkamato catutthīti sabbathā ārammaṇātikkamato catassopi bhavantimā āruppasamāpattiyoti veditabbā. Aṅgātikkamaṃ pana etāsaṃ na icchanti paṇḍitā. Na hi rūpāvacarasamāpattīsu viya etāsu aṅgātikkamo atthi. Sabbāsupi hi etāsu upekkhā, cittekaggatāti dve eva jhānaṅgāni honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para290"></a><span class="paranum">290</span>. Evaṃ santepi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Suppaṇītatarā honti, pacchimā pacchimā idha;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Upamā tattha viññeyyā, pāsādatalasāṭikā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā <a name="M1.0333"></a><a name="V1.0329"></a> hi catubhūmikassa pāsādassa heṭṭhimatale dibbanaccagītavāditasurabhigandhamālābhojanasayanacchādanādivasena paṇītā pañcakāmaguṇā paccupaṭṭhitā assu. Dutiye tato paṇītatarā. Tatiye tato paṇītatarā. Catutthe sabbapaṇītatarā. Tattha kiñcāpi tāni cattāripi pāsādatalāneva, natthi nesaṃ pāsādatalabhāvena viseso. Pañcakāmaguṇasamiddhavisesena pana heṭṭhimato heṭṭhimato uparimaṃ uparimaṃ paṇītataraṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā ca ekāya itthiyā kantitathūlasaṇhasaṇhatarasaṇhatamasuttānaṃ catupalatipaladvipalaekapalasāṭikā assu āyāmena ca vitthārena ca samappamāṇā. Tattha kiñcāpi tā sāṭikā catassopi āyāmato ca vitthārato ca samappamāṇā, natthi tāsaṃ pamāṇato viseso. Sukhasamphassasukhumabhāvamahagghabhāvehi pana purimāya purimāya pacchimā pacchimā paṇītatarā honti, evameva kiñcāpi catūsu etāsu upekkhā, cittekaggatāti etāni dveyeva aṅgāni honti, atha kho bhāvanāvisesena tesaṃ aṅgāni paṇītapaṇītatarabhāvena suppaṇītatarā honti pacchimā pacchimā idhāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para291"></a><span class="paranum">291</span>. Evaṃ anupubbena paṇītapaṇītā cetā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Asucimhi maṇḍape laggo, eko tannissito paro;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Añño bahi anissāya, taṃ taṃ nissāya cāparo.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ṭhito catūhi etehi, purisehi yathākkamaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samānatāya ñātabbā, catassopi vibhāvinā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyamatthayojanā – asucimhi kira dese eko maṇḍapo, atheko puriso āgantvā taṃ asuciṃ jigucchamāno taṃ maṇḍapaṃ hatthehi ālambitvā tattha laggo laggito viya aṭṭhāsi. Athāparo āgantvā taṃ maṇḍape laggaṃ purisaṃ nissito. Athañño āgantvā cintesi ‘‘yo esa maṇḍapalaggo, yo ca tannissito, ubhopete duṭṭhitā. Dhuvo <a name="M1.0334"></a> ca nesaṃ maṇḍapapapāte pāto, handāhaṃ bahiyeva tiṭṭhāmī’’ti. So tannissitaṃ anissāya bahiyeva aṭṭhāsi. Athāparo āgantvā maṇḍapalaggassa ca tannissitassa ca akhemabhāvaṃ cintetvā bahiṭṭhitañca suṭṭhitoti mantvā <a name="V1.0330"></a> taṃ nissāya aṭṭhāsi. Tattha asucimhi dese maṇḍapo viya kasiṇugghāṭimākāsaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, asucijigucchāya maṇḍapalaggo puriso viya rūpanimittajigucchāya ākāsārammaṇaṃ ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ, maṇḍapalaggaṃ purisaṃ nissito viya ākāsārammaṇaṃ ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ ārabbha pavattaṃ viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ, tesaṃ dvinnampi akhemabhāvaṃ cintetvā anissāya taṃ maṇḍapalaggaṃ bahiṭṭhito viya ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ ārammaṇaṃ akatvā tadabhāvārammaṇaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ, maṇḍapalaggassa tannissitassa ca akhemataṃ cintetvā bahiṭṭhitañca suṭṭhitoti mantvā taṃ nissāya ṭhito viya viññāṇābhāvasaṅkhāte bahipadese ṭhitaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ ārabbha pavattaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para292"></a><span class="paranum">292</span>. Evaṃ pavattamānañca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ārammaṇaṃ karoteva, aññābhāvena taṃ idaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Diṭṭhadosampi rājānaṃ, vuttihetu jano yathā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idañhi nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ ‘‘āsannaviññāṇañcāyatanapaccatthikā ayaṃ samāpattī’’ti evaṃ diṭṭhadosampi taṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ aññassa ārammaṇassa abhāvā ārammaṇaṃ karoteva. Yathā kiṃ? Diṭṭhadosampi rājānaṃ vuttihetu yathā jano. Yathā hi asaṃyataṃ pharusakāyavacīmanosamācāraṃ kañci sabbadisampatiṃ rājānaṃ ‘‘pharusasamācāro aya’’nti evaṃ diṭṭhadosampi aññattha vuttiṃ alabhamāno jano vuttihetu nissāya vattati, evaṃ diṭṭhadosampi taṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ aññaṃ ārammaṇaṃ alabhamānamidaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karoteva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para293"></a><span class="paranum">293</span>. Evaṃ kurumānañca –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Āruḷho dīghanisseṇiṃ, yathā nisseṇibāhukaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pabbataggañca āruḷho, yathā pabbatamatthakaṃ.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Yathā <a name="M1.0335"></a><a name="V1.0331"></a> vā girimārūḷho, attanoyeva jaṇṇukaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Olubbhati tathevetaṃ, jhānamolubbha vattatīti.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge</p>
<p class="centered">Samādhibhāvanādhikāre</p>
<p class="centered">Āruppaniddeso nāma</p>
<p class="centered">Dasamo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="chapter">11. Samādhiniddeso</p>
<p class="subhead">Āhārepaṭikkūlabhāvanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para294"></a><span class="paranum">294</span>. Idāni <a name="M1.0336"></a><a name="V1.0332"></a> āruppānantaraṃ ekā saññāti evaṃ uddiṭṭhāya āhāre paṭikkūlasaññāya bhāvanāniddeso anuppatto. Tattha <span class="bld">āharatī</span>ti āhāro. So catubbidho kabaḷīkārāhāro, phassāhāro, manosañcetanāhāro, viññāṇāhāroti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ko panettha kimāharatīti? Kabaḷīkārāhāro ojaṭṭhamakaṃ rūpaṃ āharati. Phassāhāro tisso vedanā āharati. Manosañcetanāhāro tīsu bhavesu paṭisandhiṃ āharati. Viññāṇāhāro paṭisandhikkhaṇe nāmarūpaṃ āharati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tesu kabaḷīkārāhāre nikantibhayaṃ. Phassāhāre upagamanabhayaṃ. Manosañcetanāhāre upapattibhayaṃ. Viññāṇāhāre paṭisandhibhayaṃ. Evaṃ sappaṭibhayesu ca tesu kabaḷīkārāhāro <span class="bld">puttamaṃsūpamena</span> (saṃ. ni. 2.63) dīpetabbo. Phassāhāro <span class="bld">niccammagāvūpamena</span> (saṃ. ni. 2.63). Manosañcetanāhāro <span class="bld">aṅgārakāsūpamena</span> (saṃ. ni. 2.63). Viññāṇāhāro <span class="bld">sattisatūpamenā</span>ti (saṃ. ni. 2.63). Imesu pana catūsu āhāresu asitapītakhāyitasāyitappabhedo <span class="bld">kabaḷīkāro āhārova</span> imasmiṃ atthe <span class="bld">āhāro</span>ti adhippeto. Tasmiṃ āhāre paṭikkūlākāraggahaṇavasena uppannā saññā āhāre paṭikkūlasaññā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Taṃ āhāre paṭikkūlasaññaṃ bhāvetukāmena kammaṭṭhānaṃ uggahetvā uggahato ekapadampi avirajjhantena rahogatena paṭisallīnena asitapītakhāyitasāyitappabhede kabaḷīkārāhāre dasahākārehi paṭikkūlatā paccavekkhitabbā. Seyyathidaṃ, gamanato, pariyesanato, paribhogato, āsayato, nidhānato, aparipakkato, paripakkato, phalato, nissandato, sammakkhanatoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para295"></a><span class="paranum">295</span>. Tattha <a name="V1.0333"></a> <span class="bld">gamanato</span>ti evaṃ mahānubhāve nāma sāsane pabbajitena sakalarattiṃ buddhavacanasajjhāyaṃ vā samaṇadhammaṃ vā katvā kālasseva vuṭṭhāya cetiyaṅgaṇabodhiyaṅgaṇavattaṃ katvā pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhapetvā pariveṇaṃ <a name="M1.0337"></a> sammajjitvā sarīraṃ paṭijaggitvā āsanamārūyha vīsatiṃsa vāre kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasikaritvā uṭṭhāya pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā nijanasambādhāni pavivekasukhāni chāyūdakasampannāni sucīni sītalāni ramaṇīyabhūmibhāgāni tapovanāni pahāya ariyaṃ vivekaratiṃ anapekkhitvā susānābhimukhena siṅgālena viya āhāratthāya gāmābhimukhena gantabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ gacchatā ca mañcamhā vā pīṭhamhā vā otaraṇato paṭṭhāya pādarajagharagolikavaccādisamparikiṇṇaṃ paccattharaṇaṃ akkamitabbaṃ hoti. Tato appekadā mūsikajatukavaccādīhi upahatattā antogabbhato paṭikkūlataraṃ pamukhaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ hoti. Tato ulūkapārāvatādivaccasammakkhitattā uparimatalato paṭikkūlataraṃ heṭṭhimatalaṃ. Tato kadāci kadāci vāteritehi purāṇatiṇapaṇṇehi gilānasāmaṇerānaṃ muttakarīsakheḷasiṅghāṇikāhi vassakāle udakacikkhallādīhi ca saṃkiliṭṭhattā heṭṭhimatalato paṭikkūlataraṃ pariveṇaṃ. Pariveṇato paṭikkūlatarā vihāraracchā daṭṭhabbā hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Anupubbena pana bodhiñca cetiyañca vanditvā vitakkamāḷake ṭhitena muttarāsisadisaṃ cetiyaṃ morapiñchakalāpamanoharaṃ bodhiṃ devavimānasampattisassirīkaṃ senāsanañca anapaloketvā evarūpaṃ nāma ramaṇīyaṃ padesaṃ piṭṭhito katvā āhārahetu gantabbaṃ bhavissatīti pakkamitvā gāmamaggaṃ paṭipannena khāṇukaṇṭakamaggopi udakavegabhinnavisamamaggopi daṭṭhabbo hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tato gaṇḍaṃ paṭicchādentena viya nivāsanaṃ nivāsetvā vaṇacoḷakaṃ bandhantena viya kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā aṭṭhisaṅghātaṃ paṭicchādentena viya cīvaraṃ pārupitvā bhesajjakapālaṃ nīharantena viya pattaṃ nīharitvā gāmadvārasamīpaṃ pāpuṇantena hatthikuṇapaassakuṇapagokuṇapamahiṃsakuṇapamanussakuṇapaahikuṇapakukkurakuṇapānipi daṭṭhabbāni bhavanti. Na kevalañca daṭṭhabbāni, gandhopi nesaṃ ghānaṃ paṭihanamāno adhivāsetabbo hoti. Tato gāmadvāre ṭhatvā caṇḍahatthiassādiparissayaparivajjanatthaṃ gāmaracchā oloketabbā honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iccetaṃ <a name="M1.0338"></a><a name="V1.0334"></a> paccattharaṇādianekakuṇapapariyosānaṃ paṭikkūlaṃ āhārahetu akkamitabbañca daṭṭhabbañca ghāyitabbañca hoti. Aho vata bho paṭikkūlo āhāroti evaṃ gamanato paṭikkūlatā paccavekkhitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para296"></a><span class="paranum">296</span>. Kathaṃ <span class="bld">pariyesanato</span>? Evaṃ gamanapaṭikkūlaṃ adhivāsetvāpi gāmaṃ paviṭṭhena saṅghāṭipārutena kapaṇamanussena viya kapālahatthena gharapaṭipāṭiyā gāmavīthīsu caritabbaṃ hoti. Yattha vassakāle akkantaakkantaṭṭhāne yāva piṇḍikamaṃsāpi udakacikkhalle pādā pavisanti, ekena hatthena pattaṃ gahetabbaṃ hoti, ekena cīvaraṃ ukkhipitabbaṃ. Gimhakāle vātavegena samuṭṭhitehi paṃsutiṇarajehi okiṇṇasarīrena caritabbaṃ. Taṃ taṃ gehadvāraṃ patvā macchadhovanamaṃsadhovanataṇḍuladhovanakheḷasiṅghāṇikasunakhasūkaravaccādīhi sammissāni kimikulākulāni nīlamakkhikaparikiṇṇāni oḷigallāni ceva candanikaṭṭhānāni ca daṭṭhabbāni honti akkamitabbānipi. Yato tā makkhikā uṭṭhahitvā saṅghāṭiyampi pattepi sīsepi nilīyanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gharaṃ paviṭṭhassāpi keci denti, keci na denti. Dadamānāpi ekacce hiyyo pakkabhattampi purāṇakhajjakampi pūtikummāsapūpādīnipi dadanti. Adadamānāpi kecideva ‘‘aticchatha, bhante’’ti vadanti, keci pana apassamānā viya tuṇhī honti, keci aññena mukhaṃ karonti, keci ‘‘gaccha, re muṇḍakā’’tiādīhi pharusavācāhi samudācaranti. Evaṃ kapaṇamanussena viya gāme piṇḍāya caritvā nikkhamitabbanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iccetaṃ gāmappavesanato paṭṭhāya yāva nikkhamanā udakacikkhallādipaṭikkūlaṃ āhārahetu akkamitabbañceva daṭṭhabbañca adhivāsetabbañca hoti. Aho vata bho paṭikkūlo āhāroti evaṃ pariyesanato paṭikkūlatā paccavekkhitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para297"></a><span class="paranum">297</span>. Kathaṃ <span class="bld">paribhogato</span>? Evaṃ pariyiṭṭhāhārena pana bahigāme phāsukaṭṭhāne sukhanisinnena yāva tattha hatthaṃ na otāreti, tāva tathārūpaṃ garuṭṭhāniyaṃ bhikkhuṃ vā lajjimanussaṃ vā disvā nimantetumpi sakkā hoti. Bhuñjitukāmatāya panettha hatthe otāritamatte <a name="V1.0335"></a> ‘‘gaṇhathā’’ti vadantena <a name="M1.0339"></a> lajjitabbaṃ hoti. Hatthaṃ pana otāretvā maddantassa pañcaṅgulianusārena sedo paggharamāno sukkhathaddhabhattampi temento muduṃ karoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha tasmiṃ parimaddanamattenāpi sambhinnasobhe ālopaṃ katvā mukhe ṭhapite heṭṭhimadantā udukkhalakiccaṃ sādhenti, uparimā musalakiccaṃ, jivhā hatthakiccaṃ. Taṃ tattha suvānadoṇiyaṃ suvānapiṇḍamiva dantamusalehi koṭṭetvā jivhāya samparivattiyamānaṃ jivhāgge tanupasannakheḷo makkheti, vemajjhato paṭṭhāya bahalakheḷo makkheti, dantakaṭṭhena asampattaṭṭhāne dantagūthako makkheti. So evaṃ vicuṇṇitamakkhito taṅkhaṇaññeva antarahitavaṇṇagandhasaṅkhāraviseso suvānadoṇiyaṃ ṭhitasuvānavamathu viya paramajegucchabhāvaṃ upagacchati. Evarūpopi samāno cakkhussa āpāthaṃ atītattā ajjhoharitabbo hotīti evaṃ paribhogato paṭikkūlatā paccavekkhitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para298"></a><span class="paranum">298</span>. Kathaṃ <span class="bld">āsayato</span>? Evaṃ paribhogaṃ upagato ca panesa anto pavisamāno yasmā buddhapaccekabuddhānampi raññopi cakkavattissa pittasemhapubbalohitāsayesu catūsu aññataro āsayo hotiyeva. Mandapuññānaṃ pana cattāro āsayā honti. Tasmā yassa pittāsayo adhiko hoti, tassa bahalamadhukatelamakkhito viya paramajeguccho hoti. Yassa semhāsayo adhiko hoti, tassa nāgabalapaṇṇarasamakkhito viya. Yassa pubbāsayo adhiko hoti, tassa pūtitakkamakkhito viya. Yassa lohitāsayo adhiko hoti, tassa rajanamakkhito viya paramajeguccho hotīti evaṃ āsayato paṭikkūlatā paccavekkhitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para299"></a><span class="paranum">299</span>. Kathaṃ <span class="bld">nidhānato</span>? So imesu catūsu āsayesu aññatarena āsayena makkhito antoudaraṃ pavisitvā neva suvaṇṇabhājane na maṇirajatādibhājanesu nidhānaṃ gacchati. Sace pana dasavassikena ajjhohariyati dasa vassāni adhotavaccakūpasadise okāse patiṭṭhahati. Sace vīsa, tiṃsa, cattālīsa, paññāsa, saṭṭhi, sattati, asīti, navutivassikena, sace vassasatikena ajjhohariyati. Vassasataṃ adhotavaccakūpasadise <a name="M1.0340"></a> okāse patiṭṭhahatīti evaṃ nidhānato paṭikkūlatā paccavekkhitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para300"></a><span class="paranum">300</span>. Kathaṃ <span class="bld">aparipakkato</span>? So panāyamāhāro evarūpe okāse nidhānamupagato yāva aparipakko hoti, tāva tasmiññeva yathāvuttappakāre paramandhakāratimise nānākuṇapagandhavāsitapavanavicarite <a name="V1.0336"></a> atiduggandhajegucche padese yathā nāma nidāghe akālameghena abhivuṭṭhamhi caṇḍālagāmadvāraāvāṭe patitāni tiṇapaṇṇakilañjakhaṇḍaahikukkuramanussakuṇapādīni sūriyātapena santattāni pheṇapupphuḷakācitāni tiṭṭhanti, evameva taṃdivasampi hiyyopi tato purime divasepi ajjhohato sabbo ekato hutvā semhapaṭalapariyonaddho kāyaggisantāpakuthitakuthanasañjātapheṇapupphuḷakācito paramajegucchabhāvaṃ upagantvā tiṭṭhatīti evaṃ aparipakkato paṭikkūlatā paccavekkhitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para301"></a><span class="paranum">301</span>. Kathaṃ <span class="bld">paripakkato</span>? So tattakāyagginā paripakko samāno na suvaṇṇarajatādidhātuyo viya suvaṇṇarajatādibhāvaṃ upagacchati. Pheṇapupphuḷake pana muñcanto saṇhakaraṇiyaṃ pisitvā nāḷike pakkhittapaṇḍumattikā viya karīsabhāvaṃ upagantvā pakkāsayaṃ, muttabhāvaṃ upagantvā muttavatthiñca pūretīti evaṃ paripakkato paṭikkūlatā paccavekkhitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para302"></a><span class="paranum">302</span>. Kathaṃ <span class="bld">phalato</span>? Sammā paripaccamāno ca panāyaṃ kesalomanakhadantādīni nānākuṇapāni nipphādeti asammāparipaccamāno daddukaṇḍukacchukuṭṭhakilāsasosakāsātisārappabhutīni rogasatāni, idamassa phalanti evaṃ phalato paṭikkūlatā paccavekkhitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para303"></a><span class="paranum">303</span>. Kathaṃ <span class="bld">nissandato</span>? Ajjhohariyamāno cesa ekena dvārena pavisitvā nissandamāno akkhimhā akkhigūthako kaṇṇamhā kaṇṇagūthakotiādinā pakārena anekehi dvārehi nissandati. Ajjhoharaṇasamaye cesa mahāparivārenāpi ajjhohariyati. Nissandanasamaye pana uccārapassāvādibhāvaṃ upagato ekakeneva nīhariyati. Paṭhamadivase ca <a name="M1.0341"></a> naṃ paribhuñjanto haṭṭhapahaṭṭhopi hoti udaggudaggo pītisomanassajāto. Dutiyadivase nissandento pihitanāsiko hoti vikuṇitamukho jegucchī maṅkubhūto. Paṭhamadivase ca naṃ ratto giddho gadhito mucchitopi ajjhoharitvā dutiyadivase ekarattivāsena viratto aṭṭīyamāno harāyamāno jigucchamāno nīharati. Tenāhu porāṇā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Annaṃ pānaṃ khādanīyaṃ, bhojanañca mahārahaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ekadvārena pavisitvā, navadvārehi sandati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Annaṃ <a name="V1.0337"></a> pānaṃ khādanīyaṃ, bhojanañca mahārahaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhuñjati saparivāro, nikkhāmento nilīyati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Annaṃ pānaṃ khādanīyaṃ, bhojanañca mahārahaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhuñjati abhinandanto, nikkhāmento jigucchati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Annaṃ pānaṃ khādanīyaṃ, bhojanañca mahārahaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ekarattiparivāsā, sabbaṃ bhavati pūtika’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ nissandato paṭikkūlatā paccavekkhitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para304"></a><span class="paranum">304</span>. Kathaṃ <span class="bld">sammakkhanato</span>? Paribhogakālepi cesa hatthaoṭṭhajivhātālūni sammakkheti. Tāni tena sammakkhitattā paṭikkūlāni honti, yāni dhotānipi gandhaharaṇatthaṃ punappunaṃ dhovitabbāni honti. Paribhutto samāno yathā nāma odane paccamāne thusakaṇakuṇḍakādīni uttaritvā ukkhalimukhavaṭṭipidhāniyo makkhanti, evameva sakalasarīrānugatena kāyagginā pheṇuddehakaṃ paccitvā uttaramāno dante dantamalabhāvena sammakkheti. Jivhātāluppabhutīni kheḷasemhādibhāvena, akkhikaṇṇanāsaadhomaggādike akkhigūthakakaṇṇagūthakasiṅghāṇikāmuttakarīsādibhāvena sammakkheti. Yena sammakkhitāni imāni dvārāni divase divase dhoviyamānānipi neva sucīni, na manoramāni honti. Yesu ekaccaṃ dhovitvā hattho puna udakena dhovitabbo hoti. Ekaccaṃ dhovitvā dvattikkhattuṃ gomayenapi mattikāyapi gandhacuṇṇenapi dhovato pāṭikulyatā vigacchatīti evaṃ sammakkhanato paṭikkūlatā paccavekkhitabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para305"></a><span class="paranum">305</span>. Tassevaṃ <a name="M1.0342"></a> dasahākārehi paṭikkūlataṃ paccavekkhato takkāhataṃ vitakkāhataṃ karontassa paṭikkūlākāravasena kabaḷīkārāhāro pākaṭo hoti. So taṃ nimittaṃ punappunaṃ āsevati bhāveti bahulīkaroti. Tassevaṃ karoto nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhanti. Kabaḷīkārāhārassa sabhāvadhammatāya gambhīrattā appanaṃ appattena upacārasamādhinā cittaṃ samādhiyati. Paṭikkūlākāraggahaṇavasena panettha saññā pākaṭā hoti. Tasmā imaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ āhāre paṭikkūlasaññā icceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imañca <a name="V1.0338"></a> pana āhāre paṭikkūlasaññaṃ anuyuttassa bhikkhuno rasataṇhāya cittaṃ patilīyati patikuṭati pativaṭṭati. So kantāranittharaṇatthiko viya puttamaṃsaṃ vigatamado āhāraṃ āhāreti yāvadeva dukkhassa nittharaṇatthāya. Athassa appakasireneva kabaḷīkārāhārapariññāmukhena pañcakāmaguṇiko rāgo pariññaṃ gacchati. So pañcakāmaguṇapariññāmukhena rūpakkhandhaṃ parijānāti. Aparipakkādipaṭikkūlabhāvavasena cassa kāyagatāsatibhāvanāpi pāripūriṃ gacchati, asubhasaññāya anulomapaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hoti. Imaṃ pana paṭipattiṃ nissāya diṭṭheva dhamme amatapariyosānataṃ anabhisambhuṇanto sugatiparāyano hotīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ āhāre paṭikkūlasaññābhāvanāya vitthārakathā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Catudhātuvavatthānabhāvanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para306"></a><span class="paranum">306</span>. Idāni āhāre paṭikkūlasaññānantaraṃ <span class="bld">ekaṃ vavatthāna</span>nti evaṃ uddiṭṭhassa catudhātuvavatthānassa bhāvanāniddeso anuppatto. Tattha <span class="bld">vavatthāna</span>nti sabhāvūpalakkhaṇavasena sanniṭṭhānaṃ, catunnaṃ dhātūnaṃ vavatthānaṃ <span class="bld">catudhātuvavatthānaṃ</span>. Dhātumanasikāro, dhātukammaṭṭhānaṃ, catudhātuvavatthānanti atthato ekaṃ. Tayidaṃ dvidhā āgataṃ saṅkhepato ca vitthārato ca. Saṅkhepato mahāsatipaṭṭhāne āgataṃ. Vitthārato mahāhatthipadūpame rāhulovāde dhātuvibhaṅge ca. Tañhi –</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho goghātako vā goghātakantevāsī vā gāviṃ vadhitvā catumahāpathe bilaso <a name="M1.0343"></a> vibhajitvā nisinno assa, evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ yathāṭhitaṃ yathāpaṇihitaṃ dhātuso paccavekkhati, atthi imasmiṃ kāye pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’’ti –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ tikkhapaññassa dhātukammaṭṭhānikassa vasena <span class="bld">mahāsatipaṭṭhāne</span> (dī. ni. 2.378) saṅkhepato āgataṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tassattho – yathā cheko goghātako vā tasseva vā bhattavetanabhato antevāsiko gāviṃ vadhitvā vinivijjhitvā catasso disā gatānaṃ mahāpathānaṃ vemajjhaṭṭhānasaṅkhāte catumahāpathe koṭṭhāsaṃ <a name="V1.0339"></a> katvā nisinno assa, evameva bhikkhu catunnaṃ iriyāpathānaṃ yena kenaci ākārena ṭhitattā yathāṭhitaṃ. Yathāṭhitattāva yathāpaṇihitaṃ kāyaṃ atthi imasmiṃ kāye pathavīdhātu…pe… vāyodhātūti evaṃ dhātuso paccavekkhati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yathā goghātakassa gāviṃ posentassapi āghātanaṃ āharantassapi āharitvā tattha bandhitvā ṭhapentassapi vadhantassapi vadhitaṃ mataṃ passantassapi tāvadeva gāvītisaññā na antaradhāyati, yāva naṃ padāletvā bilaso na vibhajati. Vibhajitvā nisinnassa pana gāvīsaññā antaradhāyati, maṃsasaññā pavattati. Nāssa evaṃ hoti ‘‘ahaṃ gāviṃ vikkiṇāmi, ime gāviṃ harantī’’ti. Atha khvassa ‘‘ahaṃ maṃsaṃ vikkiṇāmi, imepi maṃsaṃ haranti’’cceva hoti, evameva imassāpi bhikkhuno pubbe bālaputhujjanakāle gihibhūtassapi pabbajitassapi tāvadeva sattoti vā posoti vā puggaloti vā saññā na antaradhāyati, yāva imameva kāyaṃ yathāṭhitaṃ yathāpaṇihitaṃ ghanavinibbhogaṃ katvā dhātuso na paccavekkhati. Dhātuso paccavekkhato pana sattasaññā antaradhāyati, dhātuvaseneva cittaṃ santiṭṭhati. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho goghātako vā…pe… nisinno assa, evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu…pe… vāyodhātū’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para307"></a><span class="paranum">307</span>. <span class="bld">Mahāhatthipadūpame</span> (ma. ni. 1.300 ādayo) pana – ‘‘katamā cāvuso, ajjhattikā pathavīdhātu? Yaṃ ajjhattaṃ paccattaṃ kakkhaḷaṃ kharigataṃ upādinnaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ<a name="M1.0344"></a>, kesā lomā…pe… udariyaṃ karīsaṃ, yaṃ vā panaññampi kiñci ajjhattaṃ paccattaṃ kakkhaḷaṃ kharigataṃ upādinnaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati, āvuso, ajjhattikā pathavīdhātū’’ti ca,</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Katamā cāvuso, ajjhattikā āpodhātu? Yaṃ ajjhattaṃ paccattaṃ āpo āpogataṃ upādinnaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ, pittaṃ…pe… muttaṃ, yaṃ vā panaññampi kiñci ajjhattaṃ paccattaṃ āpo āpogataṃ upādinnaṃ, ayaṃ vuccatāvuso, ajjhattikā āpodhātū’’ti ca,</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Katamā cāvuso, ajjhattikā tejodhātu? Yaṃ ajjhattaṃ paccattaṃ tejo tejogataṃ upādinnaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ, yena ca santappati, yena ca jīrīyati, yena ca pariḍayhati, yena ca asitapītakhāyitasāyitaṃ <a name="V1.0340"></a> sammā pariṇāmaṃ gacchati, yaṃ vā panaññampi kiñci ajjhattaṃ paccattaṃ tejo tejogataṃ upādinnaṃ, ayaṃ vuccatāvuso, ajjhattikā tejodhātū’’ti ca,</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Katamā cāvuso, ajjhattikā vāyodhātu? Yaṃ ajjhattaṃ paccattaṃ vāyo vāyogataṃ upādinnaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ, uddhaṅgamā vātā, adhogamā vātā, kucchisayā vātā, koṭṭhāsayā vātā, aṅgamaṅgānusārino vātā, assāso passāso iti vā, yaṃ vā panaññampi kiñci ajjhattaṃ paccattaṃ vāyo vāyogataṃ upādinnaṃ, ayaṃ vuccatāvuso, ajjhattikā vāyodhātū’’ti ca –</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ nātitikkhapaññassa dhātukammaṭṭhānikassa vasena vitthārato āgataṃ. Yathā cettha, evaṃ rāhulovādadhātuvibhaṅgesupi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tatrāyaṃ anuttānapadavaṇṇanā, <span class="bld">ajjhattaṃ paccatta</span>nti idaṃ tāva ubhayampi niyakassa adhivacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Niyakaṃ</span> nāma attani jātaṃ sasantānapariyāpannanti attho. Tayidaṃ yathā loke itthīsu kathā adhitthīti vuccati, evaṃ attani pavattattā <span class="bld">ajjhattaṃ,</span> attānaṃ paṭicca paṭicca pavattattā <span class="bld">paccatta</span>ntipi vuccati. <span class="bld">Kakkhaḷa</span>nti thaddhaṃ. <span class="bld">Kharigata</span>nti pharusaṃ. Tattha paṭhamaṃ lakkhaṇavacanaṃ, dutiyaṃ ākāravacanaṃ, kakkhaḷalakkhaṇā hi pathavīdhātu, sā pharusākārā hoti, tasmā kharigatanti <a name="M1.0345"></a> vuttā. <span class="bld">Upādinna</span>nti daḷhaṃ ādinnaṃ, ahaṃ mamanti evaṃ daḷhaṃ ādinnaṃ, gahitaṃ parāmaṭṭhanti attho. <span class="bld">Seyyathida</span>nti nipāto. Tassa taṃ katamanti ceti attho. Tato taṃ dassento ‘‘kesā lomā’’tiādimāha. Ettha ca <span class="bld">matthaluṅgaṃ pakkhipitvā</span> vīsatiyā ākārehi pathavīdhātu niddiṭṭhāti veditabbā. Yaṃ vā panaññampi kiñcīti avasesesu tīsu koṭṭhāsesu pathavīdhātu saṅgahitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vissandanabhāvena taṃ taṃ ṭhānaṃ appotīti <span class="bld">āpo</span>. Kammasamuṭṭhānādivasena nānāvidhesu āpesu gatanti <span class="bld">āpogataṃ</span>. Kiṃ taṃ? Āpodhātuyā ābandhanalakkhaṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tejanavasena <span class="bld">tejo,</span> vuttanayeneva tejesu gatanti <span class="bld">tejogataṃ</span>. Kiṃ taṃ? Uṇhattalakkhaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Yena cā</span>ti yena tejodhātugatena kupitena ayaṃ kāyo santappati, ekāhikajarādibhāvena usumajāto hoti. <span class="bld">Yena ca jīrīyatī</span>ti yena ayaṃ kāyo jīrati, indriyavekallataṃ balaparikkhayaṃ <a name="V1.0341"></a> valipalitādibhāvañca pāpuṇāti. <span class="bld">Yena ca pariḍayhatī</span>ti yena kupitena ayaṃ kāyo ḍayhati. So ca puggalo ‘‘ḍayhāmi ḍayhāmī’’ti kandanto satadhotasappigosīsacandanādilepañceva tālavaṇṭavātañca paccāsīsati. <span class="bld">Yena ca asitapītakhāyitasāyitaṃ sammā pariṇāmaṃ gacchatī</span>ti yenetaṃ asitaṃ vā odanādi pītaṃ vā pānakādi khāyitaṃ vā piṭṭhakhajjakādi sāyitaṃ vā ambapakkamadhuphāṇitādi sammā paripākaṃ gacchati, rasādibhāvena vivekaṃ gacchatīti attho. Ettha ca purimā tayo tejodhātusamuṭṭhānā. Pacchimo kammasamuṭṭhānova.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vāyanavasena <span class="bld">vāyo,</span> vuttanayeneva vāyesu gatanti <span class="bld">vāyogataṃ</span>. Kiṃ taṃ? Vitthambhanalakkhaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Uddhaṅgamā vātā</span>ti uggārahikkādipavattakā uddhaṃ ārohaṇavātā. <span class="bld">Adhogamā vātā</span>ti uccārapassāvādinīharaṇakā adho orohaṇavātā. <span class="bld">Kucchisayā vātā</span>ti antānaṃ bahivātā. <span class="bld">Koṭṭhāsayā vātā</span>ti antānaṃ antovātā. <span class="bld">Aṅgamaṅgānusārino vātā</span>ti dhamanijālānusārena sakalasarīre aṅgamaṅgāni anusaṭā samiñjanapasāraṇādinibbattakā vātā. <span class="bld">Assāso</span>ti antopavisananāsikavāto. <span class="bld">Passāso</span>ti bahinikkhamananāsikavāto. Ettha ca purimā pañca catusamuṭṭhānā. Assāsapassāsā <a name="M1.0346"></a> cittasamuṭṭhānāva. Sabbattha <span class="bld">yaṃ vā panaññampi kiñcī</span>ti iminā padena avasesakoṭṭhāsesu āpodhātuādayo saṅgahitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iti vīsatiyā ākārehi pathavīdhātu, dvādasahi āpodhātu, catūhi tejodhātu, chahi vāyodhātūti dvācattālīsāya ākārehi catasso dhātuyo vitthāritā hontīti ayaṃ tāvettha pāḷivaṇṇanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para308"></a><span class="paranum">308</span>. Bhāvanānaye panettha tikkhapaññassa bhikkhuno kesā pathavīdhātu, lomā pathavīdhātūti evaṃ vitthārato dhātupariggaho papañcato upaṭṭhāti. Yaṃ thaddhalakkhaṇaṃ, ayaṃ pathavīdhātu. Yaṃ ābandhanalakkhaṇaṃ, ayaṃ āpodhātu. Yaṃ paripācanalakkhaṇaṃ, ayaṃ tejodhātu. Yaṃ vitthambhanalakkhaṇaṃ, ayaṃ vāyodhātūti evaṃ manasikaroto panassa kammaṭṭhānaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti. Nātitikkhapaññassa pana evaṃ manasikaroto andhakāraṃ avibhūtaṃ hoti. Purimanayena vitthārato manasikarontassa pākaṭaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ<a name="V1.0342"></a>? Yathā dvīsu bhikkhūsu bahupeyyālaṃ tantiṃ sajjhāyantesu tikkhapañño bhikkhu sakiṃ vā dvikkhattuṃ vā peyyālamukhaṃ vitthāretvā tato paraṃ ubhatokoṭivaseneva sajjhāyaṃ karonto gacchati. Tatra nātitikkhapañño evaṃ vattā hoti ‘‘kiṃ sajjhāyo nāmesa oṭṭhapariyāhatamattaṃ kātuṃ na deti, evaṃ sajjhāye kariyamāne kadā tanti paguṇā bhavissatī’’ti. So āgatāgataṃ peyyālamukhaṃ vitthāretvāva sajjhāyaṃ karoti. Tamenaṃ itaro evamāha – ‘‘kiṃ sajjhāyo nāmesa pariyosānaṃ gantuṃ na deti, evaṃ sajjhāye kariyamāne kadā tanti pariyosānaṃ gamissatī’’ti. Evameva tikkhapaññassa kesādivasena vitthārato dhātupariggaho papañcato upaṭṭhāti. Yaṃ thaddhalakkhaṇaṃ, ayaṃ pathavīdhātūtiādinā nayena saṅkhepato manasikaroto kammaṭṭhānaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti. Itarassa tathā manasikaroto andhakāraṃ avibhūtaṃ hoti. Kesādivasena vitthārato manasikarontassa pākaṭaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmā imaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvetukāmena tikkhapaññena tāva rahogatena paṭisallīnena sakalampi attano rūpakāyaṃ āvajjetvā yo imasmiṃ kāye thaddhabhāvo vā kharabhāvo vā, ayaṃ pathavīdhātu. Yo ābandhanabhāvo <a name="M1.0347"></a> vā dravabhāvo vā, ayaṃ āpodhātu. Yo paripācanabhāvo vā uṇhabhāvo vā, ayaṃ tejodhātu. Yo vitthambhanabhāvo vā samudīraṇabhāvo vā, ayaṃ vāyodhātūti evaṃ saṃkhittena dhātuyo pariggahetvā punappunaṃ pathavīdhātu āpodhātūti dhātumattato nissattato nijjīvato āvajjitabbaṃ manasikātabbaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ. Tassevaṃ vāyamamānassa nacireneva dhātuppabhedāvabhāsanapaññāpariggahito sabhāvadhammārammaṇattā appanaṃ appatto upacāramatto samādhi uppajjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā pana ye ime catunnaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ nissattabhāvadassanatthaṃ dhammasenāpatinā ‘‘aṭṭhiñca paṭicca nhāruñca paṭicca maṃsañca paṭicca cammañca paṭicca ākāso parivārito rūpantveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.306) cattāro koṭṭhāsā vuttā. Tesu taṃ taṃ antarānusārinā ñāṇahatthena vinibbhujitvā vinibbhujitvā yo etesu thaddhabhāvo vā kharabhāvo vā, ayaṃ pathavīdhātūti purimanayeneva dhātuyo pariggahetvā punappunaṃ pathavīdhātu āpodhātūti dhātumattato nissattato nijjīvato āvajjitabbaṃ manasikātabbaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ. Tassevaṃ vāyamamānassa nacireneva dhātuppabhedāvabhāsanapaññāpariggahito sabhāvadhammārammaṇattā <a name="V1.0343"></a> appanaṃ appatto upacāramatto samādhi uppajjati. Ayaṃ saṅkhepato āgate catudhātuvavatthāne bhāvanānayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para309"></a><span class="paranum">309</span>. Vitthārato āgate pana evaṃ veditabbo. Idaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvetukāmena hi nātitikkhapaññena yoginā ācariyasantike dvācattālīsāya ākārehi vitthārato dhātuyo uggaṇhitvā vuttappakāre senāsane viharantena katasabbakiccena rahogatena paṭisallīnena sasambhārasaṅkhepato, sasambhāravibhattito, salakkhaṇasaṅkhepato, salakkhaṇavibhattitoti evaṃ catūhākārehi kammaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha kathaṃ <span class="bld">sasambhārasaṅkhepato bhāveti</span>? Idha bhikkhu vīsatiyā koṭṭhāsesu thaddhākāraṃ pathavīdhātūti vavatthapeti. Dvādasasu koṭṭhāsesu yūsagataṃ udakasaṅkhātaṃ ābandhanākāraṃ āpodhātūti vavatthapeti. Catūsu koṭṭhāsesu paripācanakaṃ tejaṃ tejodhātūti vavatthapeti<a name="M1.0348"></a>. Chasu koṭṭhāsesu vitthambhanākāraṃ vāyodhātūti vavatthapeti. Tassevaṃ vavatthāpayatoyeva dhātuyo pākaṭā honti. Tā punappunaṃ āvajjato manasikaroto vuttanayeneva upacārasamādhi uppajjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para310"></a><span class="paranum">310</span>. Yassa pana evaṃ bhāvayato kammaṭṭhānaṃ na ijjhati, tena <span class="bld">sasambhāravibhattito</span> bhāvetabbaṃ. Kathaṃ? Tena hi bhikkhunā yaṃ taṃ kāyagatāsatikammaṭṭhānaniddese sattadhā uggahakosallaṃ dasadhā manasikārakosallañca vuttaṃ. Dvattiṃsākāre tāva taṃ sabbaṃ aparihāpetvā tacapañcakādīnaṃ anulomapaṭilomato vacasā sajjhāyaṃ ādiṃkatvā sabbaṃ tattha vuttavidhānaṃ kātabbaṃ. Ayameva hi viseso, tattha vaṇṇasaṇṭhānadisokāsaparicchedavasena kesādayo manasikaritvāpi paṭikkūlavasena cittaṃ ṭhapetabbaṃ, idha dhātuvasena. Tasmā vaṇṇādivasena pañcadhā pañcadhā kesādayo manasikaritvā avasāne evaṃ manasikāro pavattetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para311"></a><span class="paranum">311</span>. Ime <span class="bld">kesā</span> nāma sīsakaṭāhapaliveṭhanacamme jātā. Tattha yathāvammikamatthake jātesu kuṇṭhatiṇesu na vammikamatthako jānāti mayi kuṇṭhatiṇāni jātānīti, napi kuṇṭhatiṇāni jānanti mayaṃ vammikamatthake jātānīti, evameva na sīsakaṭāhapaliveṭhanacammaṃ jānāti mayi kesā jātāti, napi kesā jānanti mayaṃ sīsakaṭāhaveṭhanacamme jātāti, aññamaññaṃ <a name="V1.0344"></a> ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti kesā nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto thaddho pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para312"></a><span class="paranum">312</span>. <span class="bld">Lomā</span> sarīraveṭhanacamme jātā. Tattha yathā suññagāmaṭṭhāne jātesu dabbatiṇakesu na suññagāmaṭṭhānaṃ jānāti mayi dabbatiṇakāni jātānīti, napi dabbatiṇakāni jānanti mayaṃ suññagāmaṭṭhāne jātānīti, evameva na sarīraveṭhanacammaṃ jānāti mayi lomā jātāti. Napi lomā jānanti mayaṃ sarīraveṭhanacamme jātāti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā <a name="M1.0349"></a> ete dhammā. Iti lomā nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto thaddho pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para313"></a><span class="paranum">313</span>. <span class="bld">Nakhā</span> aṅgulīnaṃ aggesu jātā. Tattha yathā kumārakesu daṇḍakehi madhukaṭṭhike vijjhitvā kīḷantesu na daṇḍakā jānanti amhesu madhukaṭṭhikā ṭhapitāti, napi madhukaṭṭhikā jānanti mayaṃ daṇḍakesu ṭhapitāti, evameva na aṅguliyo jānanti amhākaṃ aggesu nakhā jātāti. Napi nakhā jānanti mayaṃ aṅgulīnaṃ aggesu jātāti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti nakhā nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto thaddho pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para314"></a><span class="paranum">314</span>. <span class="bld">Dantā</span> hanukaṭṭhikesu jātā. Tattha yathā vaḍḍhakīhi pāsāṇaudukkhalakesu kenacideva silesajātena bandhitvā ṭhapitathambhesu na udukkhalā jānanti amhesu thambhā ṭhitāti. Napi thambhā jānanti mayaṃ udukkhalesu ṭhitāti, evameva na hanukaṭṭhīni jānanti amhesu dantā jātāti. Napi dantā jānanti mayaṃ hanukaṭṭhīsu jātāti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti dantā nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto thaddho pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para315"></a><span class="paranum">315</span>. <span class="bld">Taco</span> sakalasarīraṃ pariyonandhitvā ṭhito. Tattha yathā allagocammapariyonaddhāya mahāvīṇāya na mahāvīṇā jānāti ahaṃ allagocammena pariyonaddhāti. Napi allagocammaṃ jānāti mayā mahāvīṇā pariyonaddhāti, evameva na sarīraṃ jānāti ahaṃ tacena pariyonaddhanti. Napi taco jānāti mayā sarīraṃ pariyonaddhanti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā <a name="V1.0345"></a> ete dhammā. Iti taco nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto thaddho pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para316"></a><span class="paranum">316</span>. <span class="bld">Maṃsaṃ</span> aṭṭhisaṅghāṭaṃ anulimpitvā ṭhitaṃ. Tattha yathā mahāmattikalittāya bhittiyā na bhitti jānāti ahaṃ mahāmattikāya littāti. Napi <a name="M1.0350"></a> mahāmattikā jānāti mayā bhitti littāti, evameva na aṭṭhisaṅghāṭo jānāti ahaṃ navapesisatappabhedena maṃsena littoti. Napi maṃsaṃ jānāti mayā aṭṭhisaṅghāṭo littoti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti maṃsaṃ nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto thaddho pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para317"></a><span class="paranum">317</span>. <span class="bld">Nhāru</span> sarīrabbhantare aṭṭhīni ābandhamānā ṭhitā. Tattha yathā vallīhi vinaddhesu kuṭṭadārūsu na kuṭṭadārūni jānanti mayaṃ vallīhi vinaddhānīti. Napi valliyo jānanti amhehi kuṭṭadārūni vinaddhānīti, evameva na aṭṭhīni jānanti mayaṃ nhārūhi ābaddhānīti. Napi nhārū jānanti amhehi aṭṭhīni ābaddhānīti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti nhāru nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto thaddho pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para318"></a><span class="paranum">318</span>. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhīsu</span> paṇhikaṭṭhi gopphakaṭṭhiṃ ukkhipitvā ṭhitaṃ. Gopphakaṭṭhi jaṅghaṭṭhiṃ ukkhipitvā ṭhitaṃ. Jaṅghaṭṭhi ūruṭṭhiṃ ukkhipitvā ṭhitaṃ. Ūruṭṭhi kaṭiṭṭhiṃ ukkhipitvā ṭhitaṃ. Kaṭiṭṭhi piṭṭhikaṇṭakaṃ ukkhipitvā ṭhitaṃ, piṭṭhikaṇṭako gīvaṭṭhiṃ ukkhipitvā ṭhito. Gīvaṭṭhi sīsaṭṭhiṃ ukkhipitvā ṭhitaṃ. Sīsaṭṭhi gīvaṭṭhike patiṭṭhitaṃ. Gīvaṭṭhi piṭṭhikaṇṭake patiṭṭhitaṃ. Piṭṭhikaṇṭako kaṭiṭṭhimhi patiṭṭhito. Kaṭiṭṭhi ūruṭṭhike patiṭṭhitaṃ. Ūruṭṭhi jaṅghaṭṭhike patiṭṭhitaṃ. Jaṅghaṭṭhi gopphakaṭṭhike patiṭṭhitaṃ. Gopphakaṭṭhi paṇhikaṭṭhike patiṭṭhitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yathā iṭṭhakadārugomayādisañcayesu na heṭṭhimā heṭṭhimā jānanti mayaṃ uparime uparime ukkhipitvā ṭhitāti. Napi uparimā uparimā jānanti mayaṃ heṭṭhimesu heṭṭhimesu patiṭṭhitāti, evameva na paṇhikaṭṭhi jānāti ahaṃ gopphakaṭṭhiṃ ukkhipitvā ṭhitanti. Na gopphakaṭṭhi jānāti ahaṃ jaṅghaṭṭhiṃ ukkhipitvā ṭhitanti. Na jaṅghaṭṭhi jānāti ahaṃ ūruṭṭhiṃ ukkhipitvā <a name="V1.0346"></a> ṭhitanti. Na ūruṭṭhi jānāti ahaṃ kaṭiṭṭhiṃ ukkhipitvā ṭhitanti. Na kaṭiṭṭhi jānāti ahaṃ piṭṭhikaṇṭakaṃ ukkhipitvā ṭhitanti. Na piṭṭhikaṇṭako jānāti ahaṃ gīvaṭṭhiṃ ukkhipitvā ṭhitanti. Na gīvaṭṭhi jānāti ahaṃ sīsaṭṭhiṃ ukkhipitvā ṭhitanti. Na sīsaṭṭhi jānāti ahaṃ gīvaṭṭhimhi patiṭṭhitanti. Na gīvaṭṭhi jānāti ahaṃ piṭṭhikaṇṭake <a name="M1.0351"></a> patiṭṭhitanti. Na piṭṭhikaṇṭako jānāti ahaṃ kaṭiṭṭhimhi patiṭṭhitoti. Na kaṭiṭṭhi jānāti ahaṃ ūruṭṭhimhi patiṭṭhitanti. Na ūruṭṭhi jānāti ahaṃ jaṅghaṭṭhimhi patiṭṭhitanti. Na jaṅghaṭṭhi jānāti ahaṃ gopphakaṭṭhimhi patiṭṭhitanti. Na gopphakaṭṭhi jānāti ahaṃ paṇhikaṭṭhimhi patiṭṭhitanti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti aṭṭhi nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto thaddho pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para319"></a><span class="paranum">319</span>. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhimiñjaṃ</span> tesaṃ tesaṃ aṭṭhīnaṃ abbhantare ṭhitaṃ. Tattha yathā veḷupabbādīnaṃ anto pakkhittachinnavettaggādīsu na veḷupabbādīni jānanti amhesu vettaggādīni pakkhittānīti. Napi vettaggādīni jānanti mayaṃ veḷupabbādīsu ṭhitānīti, evameva na aṭṭhīni jānanti amhākaṃ anto miñjaṃ ṭhitanti. Nāpi miñjaṃ jānāti ahaṃ aṭṭhīnaṃ anto ṭhitanti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti aṭṭhimiñjaṃ nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto thaddho pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para320"></a><span class="paranum">320</span>. <span class="bld">Vakkaṃ</span> galavāṭakato nikkhantena ekamūlena thokaṃ gantvā dvidhā bhinnena thūlanhārunā vinibaddhaṃ hutvā hadayamaṃsaṃ parikkhipitvā ṭhitaṃ. Tattha yathā vaṇṭupanibaddhe ambaphaladvaye na vaṇṭaṃ jānāti mayā ambaphaladvayaṃ upanibaddhanti. Napi ambaphaladvayaṃ jānāti ahaṃ vaṇṭena upanibaddhanti, evameva na thūlanhāru jānāti mayā vakkaṃ upanibaddhanti. Napi vakkaṃ jānāti ahaṃ thūlanhārunā upanibaddhanti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti vakkaṃ nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto thaddho pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para321"></a><span class="paranum">321</span>. <span class="bld">Hadayaṃ</span> sarīrabbhantare uraṭṭhipañjaramajjhaṃ nissāya ṭhitaṃ. Tattha yathā jiṇṇasandamānikapañjaraṃ nissāya ṭhapitāya maṃsapesiyā na sandamānikapañjarabbhantaraṃ jānāti maṃ nissāya maṃsapesi ṭhitāti. Napi maṃsapesi jānāti ahaṃ jiṇṇasandamānikapañjaraṃ nissāya <a name="V1.0347"></a> ṭhitāti, evameva na uraṭṭhipañjarabbhantaraṃ jānāti maṃ nissāya hadayaṃ ṭhitanti. Napi hadayaṃ jānāti ahaṃ uraṭṭhipañjaraṃ nissāya ṭhitanti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete <a name="M1.0352"></a> dhammā. Iti hadayaṃ nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto thaddho pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para322"></a><span class="paranum">322</span>. <span class="bld">Yakanaṃ</span> antosarīre dvinnaṃ thanānamabbhantare dakkhiṇapassaṃ nissāya ṭhitaṃ. Tattha yathā ukkhalikapālapassamhi lagge yamakamaṃsapiṇḍe na ukkhalikapālapassaṃ jānāti mayi yamakamaṃsapiṇḍo laggoti. Napi yamakamaṃsapiṇḍo jānāti ahaṃ ukkhalikapālapasse laggoti, evameva na thanānamabbhantare dakkhiṇapassaṃ jānāti maṃ nissāya yakanaṃ ṭhitanti. Napi yakanaṃ jānāti ahaṃ thanānamabbhantare dakkhiṇapassaṃ nissāya ṭhitanti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti yakanaṃ nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto thaddho pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para323"></a><span class="paranum">323</span>. <span class="bld">Kilomakesu</span> paṭicchannakilomakaṃ hadayañca vakkañca parivāretvā ṭhitaṃ. Appaṭicchannakilomakaṃ sakalasarīre cammassa heṭṭhato maṃsaṃ pariyonandhitvā ṭhitaṃ. Tattha yathā pilotikapaliveṭhite maṃse na maṃsaṃ jānāti ahaṃ pilotikāya paliveṭhitanti. Napi pilotikā jānāti mayā maṃsaṃ paliveṭhitanti, evameva na vakkahadayāni sakalasarīre ca maṃsaṃ jānāti ahaṃ kilomakena paṭicchannanti. Napi kilomakaṃ jānāti mayā vakkahadayāni sakalasarīre ca maṃsaṃ paṭicchannanti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti kilomakaṃ nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto thaddho pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para324"></a><span class="paranum">324</span>. <span class="bld">Pihakaṃ</span> hadayassa vāmapasse udarapaṭalassa matthakapassaṃ nissāya ṭhitaṃ. Tattha yathā koṭṭhamatthakapassaṃ nissāya ṭhitāya gomayapiṇḍiyā na koṭṭhamatthakapassaṃ jānāti gomayapiṇḍi maṃ nissāya ṭhitāti. Napi gomayapiṇḍi jānāti ahaṃ koṭṭhamatthakapassaṃ nissāya ṭhitāti, evameva na udarapaṭalassa matthakapassaṃ jānāti pihakaṃ maṃ nissāya ṭhitanti. Napi pihakaṃ jānāti ahaṃ udarapaṭalassa matthakapassaṃ nissāya ṭhitanti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā <a name="V1.0348"></a> ete dhammā. Iti pihakaṃ nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto thaddho pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para325"></a><span class="paranum">325</span>. <span class="bld">Papphāsaṃ</span> <a name="M1.0353"></a> sarīrabbhantare dvinnaṃ thanānamantare hadayañca yakanañca upari chādetvā olambantaṃ ṭhitaṃ. Tattha yathā jiṇṇakoṭṭhabbhantare lambamāne sakuṇakulāvake na jiṇṇakoṭṭhabbhantaraṃ jānāti mayi sakuṇakulāvako lambamāno ṭhitoti. Napi sakuṇakulāvako jānāti ahaṃ jiṇṇakoṭṭhabbhantare lambamāno ṭhitoti, evameva na taṃ sarīrabbhantaraṃ jānāti mayi papphāsaṃ lambamānaṃ ṭhitanti. Napi papphāsaṃ jānāti ahaṃ evarūpe sarīrabbhantare lambamānaṃ ṭhitanti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti papphāsaṃ nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto thaddho pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para326"></a><span class="paranum">326</span>. <span class="bld">Antaṃ</span> galavāṭakakarīsamaggapariyante sarīrabbhantare ṭhitaṃ. Tattha yathā lohitadoṇikāya obhujitvā ṭhapite chinnasīsadhammanikaḷevare na lohitadoṇi jānāti mayi dhammanikaḷevaraṃ ṭhitanti. Napi dhammanikaḷevaraṃ jānāti ahaṃ lohitadoṇiyā ṭhitanti, evameva na sarīrabbhantaraṃ jānāti mayi antaṃ ṭhitanti. Napi antaṃ jānāti ahaṃ sarīrabbhantare ṭhitanti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti antaṃ nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto thaddho pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para327"></a><span class="paranum">327</span>. <span class="bld">Antaguṇaṃ</span> antantare ekavīsatiantabhoge bandhitvā ṭhitaṃ. Tattha yathā pādapuñchanarajjumaṇḍalakaṃ sibbetvā ṭhitesu rajjukesu na pādapuñchanarajjumaṇḍalakaṃ jānāti rajjukā maṃ sibbitvā ṭhitāti. Napi rajjukā jānanti mayaṃ pādapuñchanarajjumaṇḍalakaṃ sibbitvā ṭhitāti, evameva na antaṃ jānāti antaguṇaṃ maṃ ābandhitvā ṭhitanti. Napi antaguṇaṃ jānāti ahaṃ antaṃ ābandhitvā ṭhitanti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti antaguṇaṃ nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto thaddho pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para328"></a><span class="paranum">328</span>. <span class="bld">Udariyaṃ</span> udare ṭhitaṃ asitapītakhāyitasāyitaṃ. Tattha yathā suvānadoṇiyaṃ ṭhite suvānavamathumhi na suvānadoṇi jānāti mayi suvānavamathu ṭhitoti. Napi suvānavamathu jānāti <a name="V1.0349"></a> ahaṃ suvānadoṇiyaṃ ṭhitoti, evameva na udaraṃ jānāti mayi udariyaṃ ṭhitanti<a name="M1.0354"></a>. Napi udariyaṃ jānāti ahaṃ udare ṭhitanti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti udariyaṃ nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto thaddho pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para329"></a><span class="paranum">329</span>. <span class="bld">Karīsaṃ</span> pakkāsayasaṅkhāte aṭṭhaṅgulaveḷupabbasadise antapariyosāne ṭhitaṃ. Tattha yathā veḷupabbe omadditvā pakkhittāya saṇhapaṇḍumattikāya na veḷupabbaṃ jānāti mayi paṇḍumattikā ṭhitāti. Napi paṇḍumattikā jānāti ahaṃ veḷupabbe ṭhitāti, evameva na pakkāsayo jānāti mayi karīsaṃ ṭhitanti. Napi karīsaṃ jānāti ahaṃ pakkāsaye ṭhitanti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti karīsaṃ nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto thaddho pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para330"></a><span class="paranum">330</span>. <span class="bld">Matthaluṅgaṃ</span> sīsakaṭāhabbhantare ṭhitaṃ. Tattha yathā purāṇalābukaṭāhe pakkhittāya piṭṭhapiṇḍiyā na lābukaṭāhaṃ jānāti mayi piṭṭhapiṇḍi ṭhitāti. Napi piṭṭhapiṇḍi jānāti ahaṃ lābukaṭāhe ṭhitāti, evameva na sīsakaṭāhabbhantaraṃ jānāti mayi matthaluṅgaṃ ṭhitanti. Napi matthaluṅgaṃ jānāti ahaṃ sīsakaṭāhabbhantare ṭhitanti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti matthaluṅgaṃ nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto thaddho pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para331"></a><span class="paranum">331</span>. <span class="bld">Pittesu</span> abaddhapittaṃ jīvitindriyapaṭibaddhaṃ sakalasarīraṃ byāpetvā ṭhitaṃ. Baddhapittaṃ pittakosake ṭhitaṃ. Tattha yathā pūvaṃ byāpetvā ṭhite tele na pūvaṃ jānāti telaṃ maṃ byāpetvā ṭhitanti. Napi telaṃ jānāti ahaṃ pūvaṃ byāpetvā ṭhitanti, evameva na sarīraṃ jānāti abaddhapittaṃ maṃ byāpetvā ṭhitanti. Napi abaddhapittaṃ jānāti ahaṃ sarīraṃ byāpetvā ṭhitanti. Yathā vassodakena puṇṇe kosātakikosake na kosātakikosako jānāti mayi vassodakaṃ ṭhitanti. Napi vassodakaṃ jānāti ahaṃ kosātakikosake ṭhitanti, evameva na pittakosako jānāti mayi baddhapittaṃ ṭhitanti. Napi baddhapittaṃ jānāti ahaṃ pittakosake ṭhitanti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā<a name="M1.0355"></a>. Iti pittaṃ nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko <a name="V1.0350"></a> koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto yūsabhūto ābandhanākāro āpodhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para332"></a><span class="paranum">332</span>. <span class="bld">Semhaṃ</span> ekapatthapūrappamāṇaṃ udarapaṭale ṭhitaṃ. Tattha yathā upari sañjātapheṇapaṭalāya candanikāya na candanikā jānāti mayi pheṇapaṭalaṃ ṭhitanti. Napi pheṇapaṭalaṃ jānāti ahaṃ candanikāya ṭhitanti, evameva na udarapaṭalaṃ jānāti mayi semhaṃ ṭhitanti. Napi semhaṃ jānāti ahaṃ udarapaṭale ṭhitanti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti semhaṃ nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto yūsabhūto ābandhanākāro āpodhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para333"></a><span class="paranum">333</span>. <span class="bld">Pubbo</span> anibaddhokāso yattha yattheva khāṇukaṇṭakappaharaṇaaggijālādīhi abhihate sarīrappadese lohitaṃ saṇṭhahitvā paccati, gaṇḍapīḷakādayo vā uppajjanti, tattha tattha tiṭṭhati. Tattha yathā pharasuppahārādivasena paggharitaniyyāse rukkhe na rukkhassa pahārādippadesā jānanti amhesu niyyāso ṭhitoti, napi niyyāso jānāti ahaṃ rukkhassa pahārādippadesesu ṭhitoti, evameva na sarīrassa khāṇukaṇṭakādīhi abhihatappadesā jānanti amhesu pubbo ṭhitoti. Napi pubbo jānāti ahaṃ tesu padesesu ṭhitoti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti pubbo nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto yūsabhūto ābandhanākāro āpodhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para334"></a><span class="paranum">334</span>. <span class="bld">Lohitesu</span> saṃsaraṇalohitaṃ pittaṃ viya sakalasarīraṃ byāpetvā ṭhitaṃ. Sannicitalohitaṃ yakanaṭṭhānassa heṭṭhābhāgaṃ pūretvā ekapatthapūramattaṃ vakkahadayayakanapapphāsāni tementaṃ ṭhitaṃ. Tattha saṃsaraṇalohite abaddhapittasadisova vinicchayo. Itaraṃ pana yathā jajjarakapāle ovaṭṭhe udake heṭṭhā leḍḍukhaṇḍādīni temayamāne na leḍḍukhaṇḍādīni jānanti mayaṃ udakena temiyamānāti. Napi udakaṃ jānāti ahaṃ <a name="M1.0356"></a> leḍḍukhaṇḍādīni tememīti, evameva na yakanassa heṭṭhābhāgaṭṭhānaṃ vakkādīni vā jānanti mayi lohitaṃ ṭhitaṃ amhe vā temayamānaṃ ṭhitanti. Napi lohitaṃ jānāti ahaṃ yakanassa heṭṭhābhāgaṃ pūretvā vakkādīni temayamānaṃ ṭhitanti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti lohitaṃ nāma imasmiṃ sarīre <a name="V1.0351"></a> pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto yūsabhūto ābandhanākāro āpodhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para335"></a><span class="paranum">335</span>. <span class="bld">Sedo</span> aggisantāpādikālesu kesalomakūpavivarāni pūretvā tiṭṭhati ceva paggharati ca. Tattha yathā udakā abbūḷhamattesu bhisamuḷālakumudanāḷakalāpesu na bhisādikalāpavivarāni jānanti amhehi udakaṃ paggharatīti. Napi bhisādikalāpavivarehi paggharantaṃ udakaṃ jānāti ahaṃ bhisādikalāpavivarehi paggharāmīti, evameva na kesalomakūpavivarāni jānanti amhehi sedo paggharatīti. Napi sedo jānāti ahaṃ kesalomakūpavivarehi paggharāmīti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti sedo nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto yūsabhūto ābandhanākāro āpodhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para336"></a><span class="paranum">336</span>. <span class="bld">Medo</span> thūlassa sakalasarīraṃ pharitvā kisassa jaṅghamaṃsādīni nissāya ṭhito patthinnasineho. Tattha yathā haliddipilotikapaṭicchanne maṃsapuñje na maṃsapuñjo jānāti maṃ nissāya haliddipilotikā ṭhitāti. Napi haliddipilotikā jānāti ahaṃ maṃsapuñjaṃ nissāya ṭhitāti, evameva na sakalasarīre jaṅghādīsu vā maṃsaṃ jānāti maṃ nissāya medo ṭhitoti. Napi medo jānāti ahaṃ sakalasarīre jaṅghādīsu vā maṃsaṃ nissāya ṭhitoti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti medo nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto patthinnayūso ābandhanākāro āpodhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para337"></a><span class="paranum">337</span>. <span class="bld">Assu</span> <a name="M1.0357"></a> yadā sañjāyati tadā akkhikūpake pūretvā tiṭṭhati vā paggharati vā. Tattha yathā udakapuṇṇesu taruṇatālaṭṭhikūpakesu na taruṇatālaṭṭhikūpakā jānanti amhesu udakaṃ ṭhitanti. Napi taruṇatālaṭṭhikūpakesu udakaṃ jānāti ahaṃ taruṇatālaṭṭhikūpakesu ṭhitanti, evameva na akkhikūpakā jānanti amhesu assu ṭhitanti. Napi assu jānāti ahaṃ akkhikūpakesu ṭhitanti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti assu nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto yūsabhūto ābandhanākāro āpodhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para338"></a><span class="paranum">338</span>. <span class="bld">Vasā</span> <a name="V1.0352"></a> aggisantāpādikāle hatthatalahatthapiṭṭhipādatalapādapiṭṭhi nāsāpuṭanalāṭaaṃsakūṭesu ṭhitavilīnasneho. Tattha yathā pakkhittatele ācāme na ācāmo jānāti maṃ telaṃ ajjhottharitvā ṭhitanti. Napi telaṃ jānāti ahaṃ ācāmaṃ ajjhottharitvā ṭhitanti, evameva na hatthatalādippadeso jānāti maṃ vasā ajjhottharitvā ṭhitāti. Napi vasā jānāti ahaṃ hatthatalādippadesaṃ ajjhottharitvā ṭhitāti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti vasā nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto yūsabhūto ābandhanākāro āpodhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para339"></a><span class="paranum">339</span>. <span class="bld">Kheḷo</span> tathārūpe kheḷuppattipaccaye sati ubhohi kapolapassehi orohitvā jivhātale tiṭṭhati. Tattha yathā abbocchinnaudakanissande nadītīrakūpake na kūpatalaṃ jānāti mayi udakaṃ santiṭṭhatīti. Napi udakaṃ jānāti ahaṃ kūpatale santiṭṭhāmīti, evameva na jivhātalaṃ jānāti mayi ubhohi kapolapassehi orohitvā kheḷo ṭhitoti. Napi kheḷo jānāti ahaṃ ubhohi kapolapassehi orohitvā jivhātale ṭhitoti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti kheḷo nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto yūsabhūto ābandhanākāro āpodhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para340"></a><span class="paranum">340</span>. <span class="bld">Siṅghāṇikā</span> <a name="M1.0358"></a> yadā sañjāyati, tadā nāsāpuṭe pūretvā tiṭṭhati vā paggharati vā. Tattha yathā pūtidadhibharitāya sippikāya na sippikā jānāti mayi pūtidadhi ṭhitanti. Napi pūtidadhi jānāti ahaṃ sippikāya ṭhitanti, evameva na nāsāpuṭā jānanti amhesu siṅghāṇikā ṭhitāti. Napi siṅghāṇikā jānāti ahaṃ nāsāpuṭesu ṭhitāti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti siṅghāṇikā nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto yūsabhūto ābandhanākāro āpodhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para341"></a><span class="paranum">341</span>. <span class="bld">Lasikā</span> aṭṭhikasandhīnaṃ abbhañjanakiccaṃ sādhayamānā asītisatasandhīsu ṭhitā. Tattha yathā telabbhañjite akkhe na akkho jānāti maṃ telaṃ abbhañjitvā ṭhitanti. Napi telaṃ jānāti ahaṃ akkhaṃ abbhañjitvā ṭhitanti, evameva na asītisatasandhayo jānanti lasikā amhe abbhañjitvā ṭhitāti. Napi lasikā jānāti ahaṃ asītisatasandhayo abbhañjitvā ṭhitāti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti lasikā nāma <a name="V1.0353"></a> imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto yūsabhūto ābandhanākāro āpodhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para342"></a><span class="paranum">342</span>. <span class="bld">Muttaṃ</span> vatthissa abbhantare ṭhitaṃ. Tattha yathā candanikāya pakkhitte amukhe ravaṇaghaṭe na ravaṇaghaṭo jānāti mayi candanikāraso ṭhitoti. Napi candanikāraso jānāti ahaṃ ravaṇaghaṭe ṭhitoti, evameva na vatthi jānāti mayi muttaṃ ṭhitanti. Napi muttaṃ jānāti ahaṃ vatthimhi ṭhitanti. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitā ete dhammā. Iti muttaṃ nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto yūsabhūto ābandhanākāro āpodhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para343"></a><span class="paranum">343</span>. Evaṃ kesādīsu manasikāraṃ pavattetvā yena santappati, ayaṃ imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto paripācanākāro tejodhātūti, yena jīrīyati, yena <a name="M1.0359"></a> pariḍayhati, yena asitapītakhāyitasāyitaṃ sammā pariṇāmaṃ gacchati, ayaṃ imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto paripācanākāro tejodhātūti evaṃ tejokoṭṭhāsesu manasikāro pavattetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para344"></a><span class="paranum">344</span>. Tato uddhaṅgame vāte uddhaṅgamavasena pariggahetvā adhogame adhogamavasena, kucchisaye kucchisayavasena, koṭṭhāsaye koṭṭhāsayavasena, aṅgamaṅgānusārimhi aṅgamaṅgānusārivasena, assāsapassāse assāsapassāsavasena pariggahetvā uddhaṅgamā vātā nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto vitthambhanākāro vāyodhātūti, adhogamā vātā nāma, kucchisayā vātā nāma, koṭṭhāsayā vātā nāma, aṅgamaṅgānusārino vātā nāma, assāsapassāsā vātā nāma imasmiṃ sarīre pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāso acetano abyākato suñño nissatto vitthambhanākāro vāyodhātūti evaṃ vāyokoṭṭhāsesu manasikāro pavattetabbo. Tassevaṃ pavattamanasikārassa dhātuyo pākaṭā honti. Tā punappunaṃ āvajjato manasikaroto vuttanayeneva upacārasamādhi uppajjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para345"></a><span class="paranum">345</span>. Yassa pana evaṃ bhāvayato kammaṭṭhānaṃ na ijjhati, tena salakkhaṇasaṅkhepato bhāvetabbaṃ. Kathaṃ? Vīsatiyā koṭṭhāsesu thaddhalakkhaṇaṃ pathavīdhātūti vavatthapetabbaṃ. Tattheva ābandhanalakkhaṇaṃ <a name="V1.0354"></a> āpodhātūti. Paripācanalakkhaṇaṃ tejodhātūti. Vitthambhanalakkhaṇaṃ vāyodhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dvādasasu koṭṭhāsesu ābandhanalakkhaṇaṃ āpodhātūti vavatthapetabbaṃ. Tattheva paripācanalakkhaṇaṃ tejodhātūti. Vitthambhanalakkhaṇaṃ vāyodhātūti. Thaddhalakkhaṇaṃ pathavīdhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Catūsu koṭṭhāsesu paripācanalakkhaṇaṃ tejodhātūti vavatthapetabbaṃ. Tena avinibhuttaṃ vitthambhanalakkhaṇaṃ vāyodhātūti. Thaddhalakkhaṇaṃ pathavīdhātūti. Ābandhanalakkhaṇaṃ āpodhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Chasu <a name="M1.0360"></a> koṭṭhāsesu vitthambhanalakkhaṇaṃ vāyodhātūti vavatthapetabbaṃ. Tattheva thaddhalakkhaṇaṃ pathavīdhātūti. Ābandhanalakkhaṇaṃ āpodhātūti. Paripācanalakkhaṇaṃ tejodhātūti. Tassevaṃ vavatthāpayato dhātuyo pākaṭā honti. Tā punappunaṃ āvajjato manasikaroto vuttanayeneva upacārasamādhi uppajjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para346"></a><span class="paranum">346</span>. Yassa pana evampi bhāvayato kammaṭṭhānaṃ na ijjhati, tena salakkhaṇavibhattito bhāvetabbaṃ. Kathaṃ? Pubbe vuttanayeneva kesādayo pariggahetvā kesamhi thaddhalakkhaṇaṃ pathavīdhātūti vavatthapetabbaṃ. Tattheva ābandhanalakkhaṇaṃ āpodhātūti. Paripācanalakkhaṇaṃ tejodhātūti. Vitthambhanalakkhaṇaṃ vāyodhātūti. Evaṃ sabbakoṭṭhāsesu ekekasmiṃ koṭṭhāse catasso catasso dhātuyo vavatthapetabbā. Tassevaṃ vavatthāpayato dhātuyo pākaṭā honti. Tā punappunaṃ āvajjato manasikaroto vuttanayeneva upacārasamādhi uppajjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apica kho pana vacanatthato, kalāpato, cuṇṇato, lakkhaṇādito, samuṭṭhānato, nānattekattato, vinibbhogāvinibbhogato, sabhāgavisabhāgato, ajjhattikabāhiravisesato, saṅgahato, paccayato, asamannāhārato, paccayavibhāgatoti imehipi ākārehi dhātuyo manasikātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para347"></a><span class="paranum">347</span>. Tattha <span class="bld">vacanatthato</span> manasikarontena patthaṭattā pathavī. Appoti āpiyati appāyatīti vā āpo. Tejatīti tejo. Vāyatīti vāyo. Avisesena pana salakkhaṇadhāraṇato <a name="V1.0355"></a> dukkhādānato dukkhādhānato ca dhātūti. Evaṃ visesasāmaññavasena vacanatthato manasikātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para348"></a><span class="paranum">348</span>. <span class="bld">Kalāpato</span>ti yā ayaṃ kesā lomātiādinā nayena vīsatiyā ākārehi pathavīdhātu, pittaṃ semhanti ca ādinā nayena dvādasahākārehi āpodhātu niddiṭṭhā, tattha yasmā –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Vaṇṇo <a name="M1.0361"></a> gandho raso ojā, catasso cāpi dhātuyo;</p>
<p class="gatha2">Aṭṭhadhammasamodhānā, hoti kesāti sammuti;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tesaṃyeva vinibbhogā, natthi kesāti sammuti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tasmā kesāpi aṭṭhadhammakalāpamattameva. Tathā lomādayoti. Yo panettha kammasamuṭṭhāno koṭṭhāso, so jīvitindriyena ca bhāvena ca saddhiṃ dasadhammakalāpopi hoti. Ussadavasena pana pathavīdhātu āpodhātūti saṅkhaṃ gato. Evaṃ kalāpato manasikātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para349"></a><span class="paranum">349</span>. <span class="bld">Cuṇṇato</span>ti imasmiṃ hi sarīre majjhimena pamāṇena pariggayhamānā paramāṇubhedasañcuṇṇā sukhumarajabhūtā <span class="bld">pathavīdhātu</span> doṇamattā siyā. Sā tato upaḍḍhappamāṇāya āpodhātuyā saṅgahitā, tejodhātuyā anupālitā vāyodhātuyā vitthambhitā na vikiriyati na viddhaṃsiyati, avikiriyamānā aviddhaṃsiyamānā anekavidhaṃ itthipurisaliṅgādibhāvavikappaṃ upagacchati, aṇuthūladīgharassathirakathinādibhāvañca pakāseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yūsagatā ābandhanākārabhūtā panettha <span class="bld">āpodhātu</span> pathavīpatiṭṭhitā tejānupālitā vāyovitthambhitā na paggharati na parissavati, apaggharamānā aparissavamānā pīṇitapīṇitabhāvaṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Asitapītādipācakā cettha usumākārabhūtā uṇhattalakkhaṇā <span class="bld">tejodhātu</span> pathavīpatiṭṭhitā āposaṅgahitā vāyovitthambhitā imaṃ kāyaṃ paripāceti, vaṇṇasampattiñcassa āvahati. Tāya ca pana paripācito ayaṃ kāyo na pūtibhāvaṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aṅgamaṅgānusaṭā <a name="V1.0356"></a> cettha samudīraṇavitthambhanalakkhaṇā <span class="bld">vāyodhātu</span> pathavīpatiṭṭhitā āposaṅgahitā tejānupālitā imaṃ kāyaṃ vitthambheti. Tāya ca pana vitthambhito ayaṃ kāyo na paripatati, ujukaṃ saṇṭhāti. Aparāya vāyodhātuyā samabbhāhato gamanaṭṭhānanisajjāsayanairiyāpathesu viññattiṃ dasseti, samiñjeti, sampasāreti, hatthapādaṃ lāḷeti. Evametaṃ itthipurisādibhāvena bālajanavañcanaṃ māyārūpasadisaṃ dhātuyantaṃ pavattatīti evaṃ cuṇṇato manasikātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para350"></a><span class="paranum">350</span>. <span class="bld">Lakkhaṇādito</span>ti <a name="M1.0362"></a> pathavīdhātu kiṃ lakkhaṇā, kiṃ rasā, kiṃ paccupaṭṭhānāti evaṃ catassopi dhātuyo āvajjetvā <span class="bld">pathavīdhātu</span> kakkhaḷattalakkhaṇā, patiṭṭhānarasā, sampaṭicchanapaccupaṭṭhānā. <span class="bld">Āpodhātu</span> paggharaṇalakkhaṇā, brūhanarasā, saṅgahapaccupaṭṭhānā. <span class="bld">Tejodhātu</span> uṇhattalakkhaṇā, paripācanarasā, maddavānuppadānapaccupaṭṭhānā. <span class="bld">Vāyodhātu</span> vitthambhanalakkhaṇā, samudīraṇarasā. Abhinīhārapaccupaṭṭhānāti evaṃ lakkhaṇādito manasikātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para351"></a><span class="paranum">351</span>. <span class="bld">Samuṭṭhānato</span>ti ye ime pathavīdhātuādīnaṃ vitthārato dassanavasena kesādayo dvācattālīsa koṭṭhāsā dassitā. Tesu udariyaṃ karīsaṃ pubbo muttanti ime cattāro koṭṭhāsā <span class="bld">utusamuṭṭhānāva</span>. Assu sedo kheḷo siṅghāṇikāti ime cattāro <span class="bld">utucittasamuṭṭhānā</span>. Asitādiparipācako tejo <span class="bld">kammasamuṭṭhānova</span>. Assāsapassāsā cittasamuṭṭhānāva. Avasesā sabbepi <span class="bld">catusamuṭṭhānā</span>ti evaṃ samuṭṭhānato manasikātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para352"></a><span class="paranum">352</span>. <span class="bld">Nānattekattato</span>ti sabbāsampi dhātūnaṃ salakkhaṇādito nānattaṃ. Aññāneva hi pathavīdhātuyā lakkhaṇarasapaccupaṭṭhānāni. Aññāni āpodhātuādīnaṃ. Evaṃ lakkhaṇādivasena pana kammasamuṭṭhānādivasena ca nānattabhūtānampi etāsaṃ rūpamahābhūtadhātudhammaaniccādivasena ekattaṃ hoti. Sabbāpi hi dhātuyo ruppanalakkhaṇaṃ anatītattā <span class="bld">rūpāni</span>. Mahantapātubhāvādīhi kāraṇehi <span class="bld">mahābhūtāni</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mahantapātubhāvādīhī</span>ti etā hi dhātuyo mahantapātubhāvato, mahābhūtasāmaññato, mahāparihārato, mahāvikārato, mahattā bhūtattā cāti imehi kāraṇehi mahābhūtānīti vuccanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <a name="V1.0357"></a> <span class="bld">mahantapātubhāvato</span>ti etāni hi anupādinnasantānepi upādinnasantānepi mahantāni pātubhūtāni. Tesaṃ anupādinnasantāne –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Duve satasahassāni, cattāri nahutāni ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ettakaṃ bahalattena, saṅkhātāyaṃ vasundharāti. –</p>
<p class="unindented">Ādinā nayena mahantapātubhāvatā buddhānussatiniddese vuttāva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Upādinnasantānepi <a name="M1.0363"></a> macchakacchapadevadānavādisarīravasena mahantāneva pātubhūtāni. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘santi, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde yojanasatikāpi attabhāvā’’tiādi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mahābhūtasāmaññato</span>ti etāni hi yathā māyākāro amaṇiṃyeva udakaṃ maṇiṃ katvā dasseti, asuvaṇṇaṃyeva leḍḍuṃ suvaṇṇaṃ katvā dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā ca sayaṃ neva yakkho na yakkhī samāno yakkhabhāvampi yakkhibhāvampi dasseti, evameva sayaṃ anīlāneva hutvā nīlaṃ upādārūpaṃ dassenti, apītāni alohitāni anodātāneva hutvā odātaṃ upādārūpaṃ dassentīti māyākāramahābhūtasāmaññato mahābhūtāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathā ca yakkhādīni mahābhūtāni yaṃ gaṇhanti, neva nesaṃ tassa anto na bahi ṭhānaṃ upalabbhati, na ca taṃ nissāya na tiṭṭhanti, evameva tānipi neva aññamaññassa anto na bahi ṭhitāni hutvā upalabbhanti, na ca aññamaññaṃ nissāya na tiṭṭhantīti acinteyyaṭṭhānatāya yakkhādimahābhūtasāmaññatopi mahābhūtāni. Yathā ca yakkhinīsaṅkhātāni mahābhūtāni manāpehi vaṇṇasaṇṭhānavikkhepehi attano bhayānakabhāvaṃ paṭicchādetvā satte vañcenti, evameva etānipi itthipurisasarīrādīsu manāpena chavivaṇṇena manāpena attano aṅgapaccaṅgasaṇṭhānena manāpena ca hatthapādaṅgulibhamukavikkhepena attano kakkhaḷattādibhedaṃ sarasalakkhaṇaṃ paṭicchādetvā bālajanaṃ vañcenti, attano sabhāvaṃ daṭṭhuṃ na dentīti vañcakattena yakkhinīmahābhūtasāmaññatopi mahābhūtāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mahāparihārato</span>ti <a name="V1.0358"></a> mahantehi paccayehi pariharitabbato. Etāni hi divase divase upanetabbattā mahantehi ghāsacchādanādīhi bhūtāni pavattānīti mahābhūtāni. Mahāparihārāni vā bhūtānītipi mahābhūtāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mahāvikārato</span>ti etāni hi anupādinnānipi upādinnānipi mahāvikārāni honti. Tattha anupādinnānaṃ kappavuṭṭhāne vikāramahattaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti. Upādinnānaṃ dhātukkhobhakāle. Tathā hi –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Bhūmito <a name="M1.0364"></a> vuṭṭhitā yāva, brahmalokā vidhāvati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Acci accimato loke, ḍayhamānamhi tejasā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Koṭisatasahassekaṃ, cakkavāḷaṃ vilīyati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Kupitena yadā loko, salilena vinassati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Koṭisatasahassekaṃ, cakkavāḷaṃ vikīrati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vāyodhātuppakopena, yadā loko vinassati.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Patthaddho bhavati kāyo, daṭṭho kaṭṭhamukhena vā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Pathavīdhātuppakopena, hoti kaṭṭhamukheva so.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Pūtiyo bhavati kāyo, daṭṭho pūtimukhena vā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Āpodhātuppakopena, hoti pūtimukheva so.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Santatto bhavati kāyo, daṭṭho aggimukhena vā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Tejodhātuppakopena, hoti aggimukheva so.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Sañchinno bhavati kāyo, daṭṭho satthamukhena vā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Vāyodhātuppakopena, hoti satthamukheva so.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iti <a name="V1.0359"></a> mahāvikārāni bhūtānīti mahābhūtāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mahattā bhūtattā cā</span>ti etāni hi mahantāni mahatā vāyāmena pariggahetabbattā bhūtāni vijjamānattāti mahattā bhūtattā ca mahābhūtāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ sabbāpetā dhātuyo mahantapātubhāvādīhi kāraṇehi mahābhūtāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Salakkhaṇadhāraṇato pana dukkhādānato ca dukkhādhānato ca sabbāpi dhātulakkhaṇaṃ anatītattā <span class="bld">dhātuyo</span>. Salakkhaṇadhāraṇena ca attano khaṇānurūpadhāraṇena ca <span class="bld">dhammā</span>. Khayaṭṭhena <span class="bld">aniccā</span>. Bhayaṭṭhena <span class="bld">dukkhā</span>. Asārakaṭṭhena <span class="bld">anattā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Iti sabbāsampi rūpamahābhūtadhātudhammaaniccādivasena ekattanti evaṃ nānattekattato manasikātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para353"></a><span class="paranum">353</span>. <span class="bld">Vinibbhogāvinibbhogato</span>ti <a name="M1.0365"></a> sahuppannāva etā ekekasmiṃ sabbapariyantime suddhaṭṭhakādikalāpepi padesena avinibbhuttā. Lakkhaṇena pana vinibbhuttāti evaṃ vinibbhogāvinibbhogato manasikātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para354"></a><span class="paranum">354</span>. <span class="bld">Sabhāgavisabhāgato</span>ti evaṃ avinibbhuttāsu cāpi etāsu purimā dve garukattā sabhāgā. Tathā pacchimā lahukattā. Purimā pana pacchimāhi pacchimā ca purimāhi visabhāgāti evaṃ sabhāgavisabhāgato manasikātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para355"></a><span class="paranum">355</span>. <span class="bld">Ajjhattikabāhiravisesato</span>ti ajjhattikā dhātuyo viññāṇavatthuviññattiindriyānaṃ nissayā honti, sairiyāpathā, catusamuṭṭhānā. Bāhirā vuttaviparītappakārāti evaṃ ajjhattikabāhiravisesato manasikātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para356"></a><span class="paranum">356</span>. <span class="bld">Saṅgahato</span>ti kammasamuṭṭhānā pathavīdhātu kammasamuṭṭhānāhi itarāhi ekasaṅgahā hoti samuṭṭhānanānattābhāvato<a name="V1.0360"></a>. Tathā cittādisamuṭṭhānā cittādisamuṭṭhānāhīti evaṃ saṅgahato manasikātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para357"></a><span class="paranum">357</span>. <span class="bld">Paccayato</span>ti pathavīdhātu āposaṅgahitā tejoanupālitā vāyovitthambhitā tiṇṇaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ patiṭṭhā hutvā paccayo hoti. Āpodhātu pathavīpatiṭṭhitā tejoanupālitā vāyovitthambhitā tiṇṇaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ ābandhanaṃ hutvā paccayo hoti. Tejodhātu pathavīpatiṭṭhitā āposaṅgahitā vāyovitthambhitā tiṇṇaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ paripācanaṃ hutvā paccayo hoti. Vāyodhātu pathavīpatiṭṭhitā āposaṅgahitā tejoparipācitā tiṇṇaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ vitthambhanaṃ hutvā paccayo hotīti evaṃ paccayato manasikātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para358"></a><span class="paranum">358</span>. <span class="bld">Asamannāhārato</span>ti pathavīdhātu cettha ‘‘ahaṃ pathavīdhātū’’ti vā, ‘‘tiṇṇaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ patiṭṭhā hutvā paccayo homī’’ti vā na jānāti. Itarānipi tīṇi ‘‘amhākaṃ pathavīdhātu patiṭṭhā hutvā paccayo hotī’’ti na jānanti. Esa nayo sabbatthāti evaṃ asamannāhārato manasikātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para359"></a><span class="paranum">359</span>. <span class="bld">Paccayavibhāgato</span>ti <a name="M1.0366"></a> dhātūnaṃ hi kammaṃ, cittaṃ, āhāro, utūti cattāro paccayā. Tattha kammasamuṭṭhānānaṃ kammameva paccayo hoti, na cittādayo. Cittādisamuṭṭhānānampi cittādayova paccayā honti, na itare. Kammasamuṭṭhānānañca kammaṃ janakapaccayo hoti, sesānaṃ pariyāyato upanissayapaccayo hoti. Cittasamuṭṭhānānaṃ cittaṃ janakapaccayo hoti, sesānaṃ pacchājātapaccayo atthipaccayo avigatapaccayo ca. Āhārasamuṭṭhānānaṃ āhāro janakapaccayo hoti, sesānaṃ āhārapaccayo atthipaccayo avigatapaccayo ca. Utusamuṭṭhānānaṃ utu janakapaccayo hoti, sesānaṃ atthipaccayo avigatapaccayo ca. Kammasamuṭṭhānaṃ mahābhūtaṃ kammasamuṭṭhānānampi mahābhūtānaṃ paccayo hoti cittādisamuṭṭhānānampi. Tathā cittasamuṭṭhānaṃ, āhārasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Utusamuṭṭhānaṃ mahābhūtaṃ utusamuṭṭhānānampi mahābhūtānaṃ paccayo hoti kammādisamuṭṭhānānampi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha kammasamuṭṭhānā pathavīdhātu kammasamuṭṭhānānaṃ itarāsaṃ sahajātaaññamaññanissayaatthiavigatavasena ceva patiṭṭhāvasena ca paccayo hoti, na janakavasena. Itaresaṃ tisantatimahābhūtānaṃ <a name="V1.0361"></a> nissayaatthiavigatavasena paccayo hoti, na patiṭṭhāvasena na janakavasena. Āpodhātu cettha itarāsaṃ tiṇṇaṃ sahajātādivasena ceva ābandhanavasena ca paccayo hoti, na janakavasena. Itaresaṃ tisantatikānaṃ nissayaatthiavigatapaccayavaseneva, na ābandhanavasena na janakavasena. Tejodhātupettha itarāsaṃ tiṇṇaṃ sahajātādivasena ceva paripācanavasena ca paccayo hoti, na janakavasena. Itaresaṃ tisantatikānaṃ nissayaatthiavigatapaccayavaseneva, na paripācanavasena, na janakavasena. Vāyodhātupettha itarāsaṃ tiṇṇaṃ sahajātādivasena ceva vitthambhanavasena ca paccayo hoti, na janakavasena. Itaresaṃ tisantatikānaṃ nissayaatthiavigatapaccayavaseneva, na vitthambhanavasena, na janakavasena. Cittaāhārautusamuṭṭhānapathavīdhātuādīsupi eseva nayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ sahajātādipaccayavasappavattāsu ca panetāsu dhātūsu –</p>
<p class="gatha1">Ekaṃ paṭicca tisso, catudhā tisso paṭicca eko ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Dve dhātuyo paṭicca, dve chaddhā sampavattanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pathavīādīsu <a name="M1.0367"></a> hi ekekaṃ paṭicca itarā tisso tissoti evaṃ ekaṃ paṭicca tisso catudhā sampavattanti. Tathā pathavīdhātuādīsu ekekā itarā tisso tisso paṭiccāti evaṃ tisso paṭicca ekā catudhā sampavattati. Purimā pana dve paṭicca pacchimā, pacchimā ca dve paṭicca purimā, paṭhamatatiyā paṭicca dutiyacatutthā, dutiyacatutthā paṭicca paṭhamatatiyā, paṭhamacatutthā paṭicca dutiyatatiyā, dutiyatatiyā paṭicca paṭhamacatutthāti evaṃ dve dhātuyo paṭicca dve chadhā sampavattanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tāsu pathavīdhātu abhikkamapaṭikkamādikāle uppīḷanassa paccayo hoti. Sāva āpodhātuyā anugatā patiṭṭhāpanassa. Pathavīdhātuyā pana anugatā āpodhātu avakkhepanassa. Vāyodhātuyā anugatā tejodhātu uddharaṇassa. Tejodhātuyā anugatā vāyodhātu atiharaṇavītiharaṇānaṃ paccayo hotīti evaṃ paccayavibhāgato manasikātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ vacanatthādivasena manasi karontassāpi hi ekekena mukhena dhātuyo pākaṭā honti. Tā <a name="V1.0362"></a> punappunaṃ āvajjato manasikaroto vuttanayeneva upacārasamādhi uppajjati. Svāyaṃ catunnaṃ dhātūnaṃ vavatthāpakassa ñāṇassānubhāvena uppajjanato catudhātuvavatthānantveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para360"></a><span class="paranum">360</span>. Idañca pana catudhātuvavatthānaṃ anuyutto bhikkhu suññataṃ avagāhati, sattasaññaṃ samugghāteti. So sattasaññāya samūhatattā vāḷamigayakkharakkhasādivikappaṃ anāvajjamāno bhayabheravasaho hoti, aratiratisaho, na iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu ugghātanigghātaṃ pāpuṇāti. Mahāpañño ca pana hoti amatapariyosāno vā sugatiparāyano vāti.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Evaṃ mahānubhāvaṃ, yogivarasahassa kīḷitaṃ etaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Catudhātuvavatthānaṃ, niccaṃ sevetha medhāvīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ catudhātuvavatthānassa bhāvanāniddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para361"></a><span class="paranum">361</span>. Ettāvatā ca yaṃ samādhissa vitthāraṃ bhāvanānayañca dassetuṃ ‘‘ko samādhi, kenaṭṭhena samādhī’’tiādinā nayena pañhākammaṃ kataṃ, tattha ‘‘kathaṃ <a name="M1.0368"></a> bhāvetabbo’’ti imassa padassa sabbappakārato atthavaṇṇanā samattā hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Duvidhoyeva hayaṃ idha adhippeto upacārasamādhi ceva appanāsamādhi ca. Tattha dasasu kammaṭṭhānesu, appanāpubbabhāgacittesu ca ekaggatā <span class="bld">upacārasamādhi</span>. Avasesakammaṭṭhānesu cittekaggatā <span class="bld">appanāsamādhi</span>. So duvidhopi tesaṃ kammaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bhāvito hoti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘kathaṃ bhāvetabboti imassa padassa sabbappakārato atthavaṇṇanā samattā’’ti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Samādhiānisaṃsakathā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para362"></a><span class="paranum">362</span>. Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘samādhibhāvanāya ko ānisaṃso’’ti, tattha diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārādipañcavidho samādhibhāvanāya ānisaṃso. Tathā hi ye arahanto khīṇāsavā samāpajjitvā ekaggacittā sukhaṃ divasaṃ viharissāmāti samādhiṃ bhāventi, tesaṃ appanāsamādhibhāvanā <span class="bld">diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānisaṃsā</span> hoti. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘na kho panete, cunda, ariyassa <a name="V1.0363"></a> vinaye sallekhā vuccanti. Diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārā ete ariyassa vinaye vuccantī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.82).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sekkhaputhujjanānaṃ samāpattito vuṭṭhāya samāhitena cittena vipassissāmāti bhāvayataṃ vipassanāya padaṭṭhānattā appanāsamādhibhāvanāpi sambādhe okāsādhigamanayena upacārasamādhibhāvanāpi <span class="bld">vipassanānisaṃsā</span> hoti. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘samādhiṃ, bhikkhave, bhāvetha. Samāhito, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.5).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ye pana aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā abhiññāpādakaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā samāpattito vuṭṭhāya ekopi hutvā bahudhā hotīti vuttanayā abhiññāyo patthento nibbattenti, tesaṃ sati sati āyatane abhiññāpadaṭṭhānattā appanāsamādhibhāvanā <span class="bld">abhiññānisaṃsā</span> hoti. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘so yassa yassa abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyassa dhammassa <a name="M1.0369"></a> cittaṃ abhininnāmeti abhiññāsacchikiriyāya, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇāti sati sati āyatane’’ti (ma. ni. 3.158; a. ni. 3.102).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ye aparihīnajjhānā brahmaloke nibbattissāmāti brahmalokūpapattiṃ patthentā apatthayamānā vāpi puthujjanā samādhito na parihāyanti, tesaṃ bhavavisesāvahattā appanāsamādhibhāvanā <span class="bld">bhavavisesānisaṃsā</span> hoti. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ parittaṃ bhāvetvā kattha upapajjanti. Brahmapārisajjānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjantī’’tiādi (vibha. 1024).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Upacārasamādhibhāvanāpi pana kāmāvacarasugatibhavavisesaṃ āvahatiyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ye pana ariyā aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā nirodhasamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā satta divasāni acittā hutvā diṭṭheva dhamme nirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ patvā sukhaṃ viharissāmāti samādhiṃ bhāventi, tesaṃ appanāsamādhibhāvanā <span class="bld">nirodhānisaṃsā</span> hoti. Tenāha – ‘‘soḷasahi ñāṇacariyāhi navahi samādhicariyāhi vasībhāvatā paññā nirodhasamāpattiyā ñāṇa’’nti (paṭi. ma. 1.34).</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evamayaṃ <a name="V1.0364"></a> diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārādi pañcavidho samādhibhāvanāya ānisaṃso –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Tasmā nekānisaṃsamhi, kilesamalasodhane;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Samādhibhāvanāyoge, nappamajjeyya paṇḍito’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para363"></a><span class="paranum">363</span>. Ettāvatā ca ‘‘sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño’’ti imissā gāthāya sīlasamādhipaññāmukhena desite visuddhimagge <span class="bld">samādhipi</span> paridīpito hoti.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge</p>
<p class="centered">Samādhiniddeso nāma</p>
<p class="centered">Ekādasamo paricchedo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para364"></a><span class="paranum">364</span>. Paṭhamo <a name="M1.0370"></a> sīlaniddeso. Dutiyo dhutaṅganiddeso;. Tatiyo kammaṭṭhānaggahaṇaniddeso. Catuttho pathavīkasiṇaniddeso. Pañcamo sesakasiṇaniddeso. Chaṭṭho asubhaniddeso. Sattamo chaanussatiniddeso. Aṭṭhamo sesānussatiniddeso. Navamo brahmavihāraniddeso. Dasamo āruppaniddeso. Paṭikkūlasaññādhātuvavatthānadvayaniddeso ekādasamoti.</p>
<p class="centered">Visuddhimaggassa paṭhamo bhāgo niṭṭhito.</p>
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