iapt-platform
/
mint
огледало от https://github.com/iapt-platform/mint.git


			
				
					
						
						
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<p class="centered"> Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa</p>
<p class="nikaya">Abhidhammapiṭake</p>
<p class="book">Dhammasaṅgaṇī-mūlaṭīkā</p>
<p class="subsubhead">Vīsatigāthāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1"></a><span class="paranum">1</span>. Dhammasaṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ <a name="M0.0001"></a><a name="V0.0001"></a> satthari paṇāmakaraṇaṃ dhammassa svākkhātabhāvena satthari pasādajananatthaṃ, satthu ca avitathadesanabhāvappakāsanena dhamme pasādajananatthaṃ. Tadubhayappasādā hi dhammasampaṭipatti mahato ca atthassa siddhi hotīti. Atha vā ratanattayapaṇāmavacanaṃ attano ratanattayapasādassa viññāpanatthaṃ, taṃ pana viññūnaṃ cittārādhanatthaṃ, taṃ aṭṭhakathāya gāhaṇatthaṃ, taṃ sabbasampattinipphādanatthanti. Idaṃ pana ācariyena adhippetappayojanaṃ antarāyavisosanaṃ. Vakkhati hi ‘‘nipaccakārassetassa…pe… asesato’’ti. Ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇañhi antarāyakarāpuññavighātakarapuññavisesabhāvato <a name="V0.0002"></a> maṅgalabhāvato bhayādiupaddavanivāraṇato ca antarāyavisosane samatthaṃ hoti. Kathaṃ panetassāpuññavighātakarādibhāvo vijānitabboti? ‘‘Yasmiṃ mahānāma samaye ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hotī’’tiādivacanato (a. ni. 6.10; 11.11), ‘‘pūjā ca pūjaneyyānaṃ, etaṃ maṅgalamuttama’’nti (khu. pā. 5.3; su. ni. 262) ca, ‘‘evaṃ buddhaṃ sarantānaṃ, dhammaṃ saṅghañca bhikkhavo. Bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā, lomahaṃso na hessatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 1.249) ca vacanatoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha yassa satthuno paṇāmaṃ kattukāmo, tassa guṇavisesadassanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘karuṇā viyā’’</span>tiādimāha. Guṇavisesavā hi paṇāmāraho <a name="M0.0002"></a> hoti, paṇāmārahe ca kato paṇāmo vuttappayojanasiddhikarova hotīti. Bhagavato ca desanā vinayapiṭake karuṇāppadhānā, suttantapiṭake paññākaruṇāppadhānā. Teneva ca kāraṇena vinayapiṭakassa saṃvaṇṇanaṃ karontena karuṇāppadhānā bhagavato thomanā katā, āgamasaṃvaṇṇanañca karontena ubhayappadhānā, abhidhammadesanā pana paññāppadhānāti katvā paññāppadhānameva thomanaṃ karonto <span class="bld">‘‘karuṇā viya sattesū’’</span>ti karuṇaṃ upamābhāvena gahetvā paññāya thometi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">karuṇā viyā</span>ti nidassanavacanametaṃ, yassa yathā karuṇā sabbesu sattesu pavattittha, evaṃ sabbesu ñeyyadhammesu paññāpi pavattitthāti attho. <span class="bld">Sattesū</span>ti visayanidassanametaṃ. <span class="bld">Paññā</span>ti nidassetabbadhammanidassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Yassā</span>ti tadadhiṭṭhānapuggalanidassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Mahesino</span>ti tabbisesanaṃ. <span class="bld">Ñeyyadhammesū</span>ti paññāvisayanidassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Sabbesū</span>ti tabbisesanaṃ. <span class="bld">Pavattitthā</span>ti kiriyānidassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Yathārucī</span>ti vasībhāvanidassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha kiratīti <span class="bld">karuṇā,</span> paradukkhaṃ vikkhipati apanetīti attho. Rūpādīsu sattā visattāti <span class="bld">sattā</span>. Tassā pana paññattiyā khandhasantāne niruḷhabhāvato nicchandarāgāpi ‘‘sattā’’ti vuccanti. Pajānātīti <span class="bld">paññā,</span> yathāsabhāvaṃ pakārehi paṭivijjhatīti attho. <span class="bld">Yassā</span>ti aniyamanaṃ. ‘‘Tassa pāde namassitvā’’ti etena niyamanaṃ veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Mahesī</span>ti mahante sīlakkhandhādayo esi gavesīti mahesi. Ñātabbāti ñeyyā, sabhāvadhāraṇādinā atthena dhammā. Tattha ‘‘ñeyyā’’ti vacanena dhammānaṃ añeyyattaṃ paṭikkhipati. ‘‘Dhammā’’ti vacanena ñeyyānaṃ <a name="V0.0003"></a> sattajīvādibhāvaṃ paṭikkhipati. Ñeyyā ca te dhammā cāti <span class="bld">ñeyyadhammā. Sabbesū</span>ti anavasesapariyādānaṃ. Tena aññātābhāvaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Pavattitthā</span>ti uppajjittha. <span class="bld">Yathārucī</span>ti yā yā ruci yathāruci, rucīti ca icchā, kattukāmatā sā. Yā yā pavattā tappabhedā, yathā vā ruci tathā, rucianurūpaṃ pavattā ‘‘yathāruci pavattitthā’’ti vuccati. Yathā yathā vā ruci pavattā, tathā tathā pavattā paññā ‘‘yathāruci pavattitthā’’ti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha bhagavati pavattāva karuṇā bhagavato paññāya nidassananti gahetabbā. Sā hi asādhāraṇā mahākaruṇā, na aññā. <span class="bld">Yassā</span>ti ca karuṇāpaññānaṃ ubhinnampi ādhārapuggalanidassanaṃ. Na hi nirādhārā karuṇā atthīti <a name="M0.0003"></a> ‘‘karuṇā’’ti vutte tadādhārabhūto puggalo nidassetabbo hoti, so ca idha añño vutto natthi, na ca āsannaṃ vajjetvā dūrassa gahaṇe payojanaṃ atthīti ‘‘yassā’’ti nidassitapuggalova karuṇāya ādhāro. Tena idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti ‘‘yassa attano karuṇā viya paññāpi pavattitthā’’ti. Kathaṃ pana karuṇā sattesu pavattittha yathā paññāpi dhammesu pavattitthāti? Niravasesato yathāruci ca. Bhagavato hi karuṇā kañci sattaṃ avajjetvā sabbesu sattesu niravasesesu pavattati, pavattamānā ca rucivasena ekasmiṃ anekesu ca aññehi asādhāraṇā pavattati. Na hi aññesaṃ ‘‘mahoghapakkhandānaṃ sattānaṃ natthañño koci oghā uddhatā aññatra mayā’’ti passantānaṃ karuṇokkamanaṃ hoti yathā bhagavatoti. Paññāpi bhagavato sabbesu dhammesu niravasesesu pavattati, pavattamānā ca ekasmiṃ anekesu ca dhammesu sabhāvakiccādijānanena anāvaraṇā asādhāraṇā pavattati yathāruci, yathā ca passantassa bhagavato karuṇā yathāruci pavattati. Taṃ sabbaṃ <span class="bld">paṭisambhidāmagge</span> mahākaruṇāñāṇavibhaṅgavasena jānitabbaṃ, paññāya ca yathāruci pavatti sesāsādhāraṇañāṇavibhaṅgādivasena. Paññāgahaṇena ca tīsu kālesu appaṭihatañāṇaṃ catusaccañāṇaṃ catupaṭisambhidāñāṇaṃ, karuṇāgahaṇena mahākaruṇāsamāpattiñāṇassa gahitattā taṃ vajjetvā aññāni asādhāraṇañāṇāni catuvesārajjañāṇaṃ dasabalāni cha abhiññā catucattālīsa ñāṇavatthūni sattasattati ñāṇavatthūnīti evamādayo aneke paññāppabhedā saṅgayhanti, tasmā tassā tassā paññāya pavattivasena yathāruci pavatti veditabbā. Tenāha ‘‘karuṇā viya…pe… yathārucī’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha <span class="bld">karuṇā</span>gahaṇena mahābodhiyā mūlaṃ dasseti. Mahādukkhasambādhappaṭipannañhi sattanikāyaṃ disvā <a name="V0.0004"></a> ‘‘tassa natthañño koci saraṇaṃ, ahametaṃ mutto mocessāmī’’ti karuṇāya sañcoditamānaso abhinīhāraṃ dīpaṅkarassa bhagavato pādamūle katvā bodhisambhāre samodhānetvā anupubbena sambodhiṃ pattoti karuṇā mahābodhiyā mūlanti. <span class="bld">Sattesū</span>ti etena mahābodhiyā payojanaṃ dasseti. Sattā hi mahābodhiṃ payojenti. Sattasantāraṇatthañhi sabbaññutā abhipatthitā. Yathāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kiṃ <a name="M0.0004"></a> me ekena tiṇṇena, purisena thāmadassinā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, santāressaṃ sadevaka’’nti. (bu. vaṃ. 2. 56);</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paññā</span>gahaṇena mahābodhiṃ dasseti. Sabbaññutāya hi padaṭṭhānabhūtaṃ maggañāṇaṃ, maggañāṇapadaṭṭhānañca sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ ‘‘mahābodhī’’ti vuccatīti. <span class="bld">Ñeyyadhammesu sabbesū</span>ti etena santāretabbānaṃ sattānaṃ abhiññeyyapariññeyyapahātabbabhāvetabbasacchikātabbe khandhāyatanadhātusaccindriyapaṭiccasamuppādasatipaṭṭhānādibhede kusalādibhede ca sabbadhamme dasseti. <span class="bld">Pavattittha yathārucī</span>ti etena paṭivedhapaccavekkhaṇapubbaṅgamadesanāñāṇappavattidīpanena payojanasampattiṃ dasseti. Sabbadhammānañhi paṭivedhañāṇaṃ bodhipallaṅke ahosi. Maggañāṇameva hi tanti. Paccavekkhaṇañāṇañca visesena ratanagharasattāhe ahosi. Evaṃ paṭividdhapaccavekkhitānaṃ dhammānaṃ dhammacakkappavattanādīsu desanāñāṇaṃ ahosi, visesena ca paṇḍukambalasilāyaṃ sattappakaraṇadesanāyanti. Desanāñāṇena ca desento bhagavā sattesu hitapaṭipattiṃ paṭipajjatīti. Etena sabbena attahitapaṭipattiṃ parahitapaṭipattiñca dasseti. Mahābodhidassanena hi attahitapaṭipatti, itarehipi parahitapaṭipatti dassitāti. Tena attahitapaṭipannādīsu catūsu puggalesu bhagavato catutthapuggalabhāvaṃ dasseti, tena ca anuttaradakkhiṇeyyabhāvaṃ niratisayapaṇāmārahabhāvañca attano ca kiriyāya khettaṅgatabhāvaṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha ca <span class="bld">karuṇā</span>gahaṇena lokiyesu mahaggatabhāvappattāsādhāraṇaguṇadīpanato sabbalokiyaguṇasampatti bhagavato dassitā hoti, <span class="bld">paññā</span>gahaṇenapi sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānamaggañāṇadīpanato sabbalokuttaraguṇasampatti. Karuṇāvacanena ca upagamanaṃ nirupakkilesaṃ, paññāvacanena apagamanaṃ dasseti. Upagamanaṃ dassento ca loke sañjātasaṃvaḍḍhabhāvaṃ dasseti, apagamanaṃ dassento lokena anupalittataṃ. ‘‘Karuṇā viya sattesū’’ti ca lokasamaññānurūpaṃ bhagavato <a name="V0.0005"></a> pavattiṃ dasseti, ‘‘ñeyyadhammesu sabbesu yathāruci paññā pavattitthā’’ti etena samaññāya anatidhāvanaṃ. Sabbadhammasabhāvānavabodhe hi sati samaññaṃ atidhāvitvā ‘‘satto jīvo atthī’’ti parāmasanaṃ hotīti. Sabbesañca buddhaguṇānaṃ karuṇā ādi tannidānabhāvato, paññā pariyosānaṃ tato <a name="M0.0005"></a> uttarikaraṇīyābhāvato. Ādipariyosānadassanena ca sabbe buddhaguṇā dassitāva honti. Karuṇāgahaṇena ca sīlakkhandhapubbaṅgamo samādhikkhandho dassito hoti. Karuṇānidānañhi sīlaṃ tato pāṇātipātādiviratippavattito tassā ca jhānattayasampayogato. Paññāvacanena paññākkhandho. Sīlañca sabbabuddhaguṇānaṃ ādi, samādhi majjhaṃ, paññā pariyosānanti evampi ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇā sabbe buddhaguṇā dassitā honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para2"></a><span class="paranum">2</span>. Evaṃ saṅkhepena sabbabuddhaguṇehi bhagavantaṃ thometvā yassā saṃvaṇṇanaṃ kattukāmo, tāya abhidhammadesanāya aññehi asādhāraṇāya thometuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘dayāya tāyā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tassā pana desanāya nidānañca samuṭṭhānañca dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘dayāya tāyā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Nidānañca duvidhaṃ abbhantaraṃ bāhirañcāti. Abbhantaraṃ karuṇā, bāhiraṃ desakālādi. Samuṭṭhānaṃ desanāpaññā. Tattha abbhantaranidānaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘dayāya tāya sattesu, samussāhitamānaso’’</span>ti āha. Tattha <span class="bld">dayā</span>ti karuṇā adhippetā. Tāya hi samussāhito abhidhammakathāmaggaṃ sampavattayīti. <span class="bld">Tāyā</span>ti ayaṃ <span class="bld">ta</span>-saddo pubbe vuttassa paṭiniddeso hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Purimagāthāya ca padhānabhāvena paññā niddiṭṭhā, tabbisesanabhāvena karuṇā. Sā hi tassā nidassanabhūtā appadhānā taṃ visesetvā vinivattā, tasmā ‘‘tāyā’’ti paṭiniddesaṃ nārahati. Yā ca padhānabhūtā paññā, sā desanāya samuṭṭhānaṃ, na samussāhinīti tassā ca paṭiniddeso na yuttoti? Paññāya tāva paṭiniddeso na yuttoti suvuttametaṃ, karuṇāya pana paṭiniddeso no na yutto ‘‘dayāya tāyā’’ti dvinnaṃ padānaṃ samānādhikaraṇabhāvato. Samānādhikaraṇānañhi dvinnaṃ padānaṃ rūpakkhandhādīnaṃ viya visesanavisesitabbabhāvo hoti. Rūpa-saddo hi aññakkhandhanivattanatthaṃ vuccamāno visesanaṃ hoti, khandha-saddo ca nivattetabbagahetabbasādhāraṇavacanabhāvato visesitabbo, evamidhāpi ‘‘dayāya tāyā’’ti dvinnaṃ padānaṃ ekavibhattiyuttānaṃ samānādhikaraṇabhāvato visesanavisesitabbabhāvo hoti. Tattha dayā samussāhinīti padhānā, nivattetabbagahetabbasādhāraṇavacanañcidaṃ. Tasmā ‘‘dayāyā’’ti visesitabbavacanametaṃ, tassa ca yathā visesanaṃ hoti ‘‘tāyā’’ti <a name="M0.0006"></a> idaṃ vacanaṃ, tathā tassa paṭiniddesabhāvo <a name="V0.0006"></a> yojetabbo. Na hi paññāpaṭiniddesabhāve dayāvisesanaṃ ta-saddo hoti, karuṇāpaṭiniddesabhāve ca hotīti. Padhānañca paññaṃ vajjetvā ‘‘dayāyā’’ti etena sambajjhamāno ‘‘tāyā’’ti ayaṃ ta-saddo appadhānāya karuṇāya paṭiniddeso bhavitumarahati. Ayamettha attho – yāya dayāya samussāhito, na sā yā kāci, sabbaññutaññāṇassa pana nidassanabhūtā mahākaruṇā, tāya samussāhitoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ pana karuṇā ‘‘dayā’’ti ñātabbā, nanu vuttaṃ ‘‘dayāpanno’’ti etassa <span class="bld">aṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span> (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.8) ‘‘mettacittataṃ āpanno’’ti, tasmā dayā mettāti yujjeyya, na karuṇāti? Yadi evaṃ ‘‘adayāpanno’’ti etassa aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘nikkaruṇataṃ āpanno’’ti vuttanti dayā mettāti ca na yujjeyya, tasmā dayā-saddo yattha yattha pavattati, tattha tattha adhippāyavasena yojetabbo. Dayā-saddo hi anurakkhaṇatthaṃ antonītaṃ katvā pavattamāno mettāya ca karuṇāya ca pavattatīti no na yujjati. Evañhi aṭṭhakathānaṃ avirodho hotīti. Karuṇā ca desanāya nidānabhāvena vuttā, na mettā ‘‘accantameva hi taṃ samayaṃ bhagavā karuṇāvihārena vihāsī’’ti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1 mūlapariyāyasuttavaṇṇanā; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.1; a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.1) evamādīsu, tasmā idha karuṇāva dayāvacanena gahitāti veditabbā. Sā hi samussāhinī, na mettā, mettā pana paññāgatikapavattinī hotīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Sattesū’’ti kasmā evaṃ vuttaṃ, nanu ‘‘tāyā’’ti etena vacanena sattavisayā karuṇā gahitāti? No na gahitā, purimagāthāya pana ‘‘sattesu karuṇā yathāruci pavattitthā’’ti sappadesasattavisayā nippadesasattavisayā ca sabbā vuttā, idha pana nippadesasattavisayataṃ gahetuṃ ‘‘sattesū’’ti nippadesasattavisayabhūtā dassitā. Tena sabbasattavisayāya karuṇāya samussāhito abhidhammakathāmaggaṃ devānaṃ sampavattayi, na devavisayāya eva, tasmā sabbasattahitatthaṃ abhidhammakathāmaggaṃ devānaṃ sampavattayi, na devānaṃyeva atthāyāti ayamattho dassitova hoti. Atha vā ‘‘sattesū’’ti idaṃ na dayāya ālambananidassanaṃ, samussāhanavisayo pana etena dassito. Abhidhammakathāmaggappavattanatthañhi bhagavā karuṇāya na devesuyeva samussāhito<a name="M0.0007"></a>, sabbabodhaneyyesu pana sattesu samussāhito sabbesaṃ atthāya pavattattā, tasmā <span class="bld">sattesu samussāhitamānaso</span>ti <a name="V0.0007"></a> sattesu visayabhūtesu nimittabhūtesu vā samussāhitamānaso uyyojitacittoti attho daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ abbhantaranidānaṃ dassetvā bāhiranidānaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘pāṭihīrāvasānamhī’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha yasmiṃ kāle bhagavatā abhidhammakathāmaggo pavattito, taṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘pāṭihīrāvasānamhi vasanto’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Avasānamhi vasanto tidasālaye’’ti vacanato yassāvasānamhi tidasālaye vasi, taṃ kaṇḍambamūle kataṃ yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ idha <span class="bld">‘‘pāṭihīra’’</span>nti vuttaṃ, na bodhimūlādīsu kataṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ, nāpi ādesanānusāsaniyoti viññāyati, pākaṭattā ca āsannattā ca tadeva gahitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Pāṭihāriyapadassa vacanatthaṃ (udā. aṭṭha. 1; itivu. aṭṭha. nidānavaṇṇanā) ‘‘paṭipakkhaharaṇato rāgādikilesāpanayanato pāṭihāriya’’nti vadanti, bhagavato pana paṭipakkhā rāgādayo na santi ye haritabbā. Puthujjanānampi hi vigatupakkilese aṭṭhaṅgaguṇasamannāgate citte hatapaṭipakkhe iddhividhaṃ pavattati, tasmā tattha pavattavohārena ca na sakkā idha ‘‘pāṭihāriya’’nti vattuṃ. Sace pana mahākāruṇikassa bhagavato veneyyagatā ca kilesā paṭipakkhā, tesaṃ haraṇato <span class="bld">‘‘pāṭihāriya’’</span>nti vuttaṃ, evaṃ sati yuttametaṃ. Atha vā bhagavato ca sāsanassa ca paṭipakkhā titthiyā, tesaṃ haraṇato pāṭihāriyaṃ. Te hi diṭṭhiharaṇavasena diṭṭhippakāsane asamatthabhāvena ca iddhiādesanānusāsanīhi haritā apanītā hontīti. Atha vā <span class="bld">paṭī</span>ti ayaṃ saddo ‘‘pacchā’’ti etassa atthaṃ bodheti ‘‘tasmiṃ paṭipaviṭṭhamhi, añño āgañchi brāhmaṇo’’tiādīsu (su. ni. 985; cūḷani. pārāyanavagga, vatthugāthā 4) viya, tasmā samāhite citte vigatupakkilese ca katakiccena pacchā haritabbaṃ pavattetabbanti paṭihāriyaṃ, attano vā upakkilesesu catutthajjhānamaggehi haritesu pacchā haraṇaṃ paṭihāriyaṃ, iddhiādesanānusāsaniyo ca vigatupakkilesena katakiccena ca sattahitatthaṃ puna pavattetabbā, haritesu ca attano upakkilesesu parasattānaṃ upakkilesaharaṇāni hontīti paṭihāriyāni bhavanti, paṭihāriyameva <span class="bld">pāṭihāriyaṃ</span>. Paṭihāriye vā iddhiādesanānusāsanisamudāye bhavaṃ ekekaṃ <span class="bld">pāṭihāriya</span>nti vuccati. Paṭihāriyaṃ <a name="M0.0008"></a> vā catutthajjhānaṃ maggo ca paṭipakkhaharaṇato, tattha jātaṃ, tasmiṃ vā nimittabhūte, tato vā āgatanti <span class="bld">pāṭihāriyaṃ</span>. Pāṭihāriyameva idha ‘‘pāṭihīra’’nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Avasānamhi vasanto</span>ti etehi kālaṃ nidasseti. Pāṭihīrakaraṇāvasānena hi tidasālayavāsena ca paricchinno abhidhammakathāmaggappavattanassa kāloti<a name="V0.0008"></a>. <span class="bld">Tidasālaye</span>ti desaṃ nidasseti. So hi abhidhammakathāmaggappavattanassa deso tattha vasantena pavattitattāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para3"></a><span class="paranum">3</span>. Tatthāpi desavisesadassanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘pāricchattakamūlamhī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Yugandhare</span>ti sītapabbatesveko dvecattālīsayojanasahassubbedho, ādicco ca tadubbedhamaggacārī, so sati sambhave yathā yugandhare sobheyya, evaṃ sobhamāno nisinnoti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para4-5"></a><span class="paranum">4-5</span>. Idāni puggale dhammapaṭiggāhake apadisanto <span class="bld">‘‘cakkavāḷasahassehī’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Sabbaso</span>ti samantato āgamma sabbehi disābhāgehi, sannivesavasena vā samantato sanniviṭṭhehi dasahi cakkavāḷasahassehīti adhippāyo, na sabbaso cakkavāḷasahassehi dasahi dasahīti. Evaṃ sati cattālīsacakkavāḷasahassehi adhikehi vā āgamanaṃ vuttaṃ siyā, na cetaṃ adhippetanti. Samantato sannisinnenāti vā yojetabbaṃ. Samaṃ, sammā vā nisinnena <span class="bld">sannisinnena,</span> aññamaññaṃ abyābādhetvā bhagavati gāravaṃ katvā sotaṃ odahitvā nisajjadose vajjitabbe vajjetvā nisinnenāti attho. Mātaraṃ pamukhaṃ katvā sannisinnena devānaṃ gaṇena parivāritoti vā, mātaraṃ pamukhaṃ katvā abhidhammakathāmaggaṃ sampavattayīti vā yojanā kātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni desanāya samuṭṭhānaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘tassā paññāya tejasā’’</span>ti āha. Yā sā ādimhi karuṇāya upamitā sabbañeyyadhammānaṃ yathāsabhāvajānanasamatthā, tesaṃ desetabbappakārajānanasamatthā, bodhetabbapuggalānaṃ āsayādhimuttiyādivibhāvanasamatthā ca paññā, tassā ca yathāvuttabalayogatoti attho. Tena sabbaññutaññāṇameva abhidhammakathāya samuṭṭhānabhāve samatthaṃ, nāññanti imamatthaṃ dīpento abhidhammakathāya asādhāraṇabhāvaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Maggo</span>ti upāyo. Khandhāyatanādīnaṃ kusalādīnañca dhammānaṃ avabodhassa, saccappaṭivedhasseva vā upāyabhāvato <span class="bld">‘‘abhidhammakathāmaggo’’</span>ti vutto. Pabandho <a name="M0.0009"></a> vā ‘‘maggo’’ti vuccati. So hi dīghattā maggo viyāti <span class="bld">maggo,</span> tasmā abhidhammakathāpabandho <span class="bld">‘‘abhidhammakathāmaggo’’</span>ti vutto. <span class="bld">Devānaṃ gaṇena parivārito</span>ti vatvā puna <span class="bld">devāna</span>nti vacanaṃ tesaṃ gahaṇasamatthataṃ dīpeti. Na hi asamatthānaṃ bhagavā desetīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para6"></a><span class="paranum">6</span>. Evaṃ <a name="V0.0009"></a> karuṇāpaññāmukhehi guṇehi bhagavato abhidhammakathāmaggappavattanena ca hitappaṭipattiyā paramapaṇāmārahataṃ dassetvā idāni adhippetaṃ paṇāmaṃ karonto āha <span class="bld">‘‘tassa pāde namassitvā’’</span>ti. Bhagavato thomaneneva ca dhammassa svākkhātatā saṅghassa ca suppaṭipannatā dassitā hoti tappabhavassa anaññathābhāvato, tasmā paṇāmārahaṃ tañca ratanadvayaṃ paṇamanto <span class="bld">‘‘saddhammañcassa…pe… cañjali’’</span>nti āha. Tattha yasmā buddho ‘‘sadevake loke tathāgato vandanīyo’’ti, saṅgho ca ‘‘suppaṭipanno…pe… añjalikaraṇīyo’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) vutto, tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘tassa pāde namassitvā, katvā saṅghassa cañjali’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Dhammo pana svākkhātatādiguṇayutto tathānussaraṇena pūjetabbo hoti ‘‘tameva dhammaṃ sakkatvā garuṃkatvā upanissāya vihareyya’’nti (saṃ. ni. 1.173; a. ni. 4.21) vacanato, kāyavācācittehi sabbathā pūjetabbo, tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘saddhammañcassa pūjetvā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Sirīmato</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">sirī</span>ti paññāpuññānaṃ adhivacananti vadanti. Atha vā puññanibbattā sarīrasobhaggādisampatti katapuññe nissayati, katapuññehi vā nissīyatīti ‘‘sirī’’ti vuccati, sā ca atisayavatī bhagavato atthīti sirīmā, bhagavā, tassa <span class="bld">sirīmato</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para7"></a><span class="paranum">7</span>. <span class="bld">Nipaccakārassā</span>ti paṇāmakiriyāya. <span class="bld">Ānubhāvenā</span>ti balena. <span class="bld">Sosetvā</span>ti sukkhāpetvā antaradhāpetvā atthaṃ pakāsayissāmīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Antarāye</span>ti atthappakāsanassa upaghātake. <span class="bld">Asesato</span>ti nissese sakale.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para8"></a><span class="paranum">8</span>. Idāni abhidhammassa gambhīratthattā atthappakāsanassa dukkarabhāvaṃ dīpetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘visuddhācārasīlenā’’</span>tiādinā abhiyācanaṃ dasseti. Thullaccayādivisuddhiyā <span class="bld">visuddhācāro,</span> pārājikasaṅghādisesavisuddhiyā <span class="bld">visuddhasīlo</span>. Cārittavārittavisuddhiyā <a name="M0.0010"></a> vā <span class="bld">visuddhācārasīlo,</span> tena. <span class="bld">Sakkacca</span>nti cittiṃ katvā. <span class="bld">Abhiyācito</span>ti abhimukhaṃ yācito. Tena anādariyaṃ atthappakāsane kātuṃ asakkuṇeyyaṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para9"></a><span class="paranum">9</span>. Idāni yassa atthaṃ pakāsetukāmo, taṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yaṃ devadevo’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">ya</span>nti abhidhammaṃ. <span class="bld">Devadevo</span>ti visuddhisammutiupapattidevānaṃ devo. Loke hi ye ‘‘saraṇaṃ parāyaṇa’’nti gantabbā gatibhūtā, te ‘‘devā’’ti vuccanti, bhagavā ca sabbadevānaṃ gatibhūtoti<a name="V0.0010"></a>. <span class="bld">Nayato</span>ti saṅkhepato. <span class="bld">Samācikkhī</span>ti sammā ācikkhi yathā thero bujjhati. Veneyyasatte vinetīti <span class="bld">vināyako,</span> nāyakavirahito vā, sayambhūti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para10-12"></a><span class="paranum">10-12</span>. <span class="bld">Yañcā</span>ti yañca abhidhammaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ payirudāhāsīti sambandho. <span class="bld">Payirudāhāsī</span>ti kathesi. <span class="bld">Itī</span>ti iminā anukkamena. ‘‘Yo dhārito’’ti <span class="bld">ya</span>nti upayogavasena vutto yaṃ-saddo <span class="bld">dhārito</span>ti paccattena sambajjhamāno paccattavasena pariṇamati, tasmā yo dhārito, yo ca saṅgīto, tassa atthaṃ pakāsayissāmīti yojanā kātabbā. Vedena paññāya īhati pavattatīti <span class="bld">vedeho,</span> tena muninā. <span class="bld">Abhiṇhaso</span>ti bahuso. <span class="bld">Abhidhammassā</span>ti etaṃ ‘‘atthaṃ pakāsayissāmī’’ti etena yojetabbaṃ. Idāni yo atthappakāsanassa nissayo, taṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ādito’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">ādito</span>ti ādimhi paṭhamasaṅgītiyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para13"></a><span class="paranum">13</span>. Yā aṭṭhakathā saṅgītā, kassa pana sā aṭṭhakathāti? Aññassa vuttassa abhāvā ‘‘yassa atthaṃ pakāsayissāmī’’ti vuttaṃ, adhikāravasena ‘‘tassa abhidhammassā’’ti viññāyati. <span class="bld">Saṅgītā</span>ti atthaṃ pakāsetuṃ yuttaṭṭhāne ‘‘ayaṃ etassa attho, ayaṃ etassa attho’’ti saṅgahetvā vuttā, pacchāpi ca dutiyatatiyasaṅgītīsu <span class="bld">anusaṅgītā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para14-16"></a><span class="paranum">14-16</span>. <span class="bld">Abhisaṅkhatā</span>ti racitā. <span class="bld">Tato</span>ti aṭṭhakathāto. <span class="bld">Tantinayānuga</span>nti tantigatiṃ anugataṃ. <span class="bld">Bhāsa</span>nti māgadhabhāsaṃ. <span class="bld">Nikāyantaraladdhīhī</span>ti antarantarā anuppavesitāhi. <span class="bld">Asammissa</span>nti avokiṇṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Anākula</span>nti sanikāyepi anāvilaṃ paricchinnaṃ. Asammisso anākulo ca yo mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ atthavinicchayo, taṃ dīpayanto atthaṃ pakāsayissāmīti<a name="M0.0011"></a>. Etena <span class="bld">tipiṭakacūḷanāgattherā</span>dīhi vutto theravādopi saṅgahito hoti. Atha vā tambapaṇṇibhāsaṃ apanetvā māgadhabhāsañca āropetvā pakāsiyamāno yo abhidhammassa attho asammisso anākuloyeva ca hoti mahāvihāravāsīnañca vinicchayabhūto, taṃ atthaṃ ‘‘eso mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ vinicchayo’’ti dīpayanto pakāsayissāmi. Tappakāsaneneva hi so tathā dīpito hotīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para17"></a><span class="paranum">17</span>. <span class="bld">Tosayanto vicakkhaṇe</span>ti vicakkhaṇe tosayanto gahetabbaṃ gahetvānāti evaṃ yojetvā ‘‘gahetabbaṭṭhāneyeva gahitaṃ suṭṭhu kata’’nti evaṃ tosayantoti atthaṃ vadanti. Evaṃ sati <a name="V0.0011"></a> gahetabbaggahaṇeneva tosanaṃ kataṃ, na aññena atthappakāsanenāti etaṃ āpajjeyya. Tosayanto atthaṃ pakāsayissāmīti evaṃ pana yojanāya sati gahetabbaggahaṇaṃ aññañca sabbaṃ atthappakāsanaṃ hotīti sabbena tena tosanaṃ kataṃ hoti, tasmā tosayanto atthaṃ pakāsayissāmīti yuttarūpā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para18-20"></a><span class="paranum">18-20</span>. Idāni yaṃ atthappakāsanaṃ kattukāmo, tassa mahattaṃ pariharituṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kammaṭṭhānānī’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Atthavaṇṇana</span>nti ettha vaṇṇanā nāma vivaritvā vitthāretvā vacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Itī</span>ti ‘‘apanetvā tato bhāsa’’nti evamādinā yathādassitappakārena. Iti sotūnaṃ ussāhuppādanassa hetuṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Abhidhammakatha</span>nti abhidhammaṭṭhakathaṃ. <span class="bld">Nisāmethā</span>ti suṇātha. Idāni avassaṃ ayaṃ sotabbāyevāti daḷhaṃ ussāhento āha <span class="bld">‘‘dullabhā hi ayaṃ kathā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="centered">Vīsatigāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subsubhead">Nidānakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aṭṭhasāliniṃ tāva vaṇṇentehi ācariyehi tassā sanniveso vibhāvetabbo. Tasmā idaṃ vuccati –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vacanattho paricchedo, sanniveso ca pāḷiyā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Sāgarehi tathā cintā, desanāhi gambhīratā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Desanāya <a name="M0.0012"></a> sarīrassa, pavattiggahaṇaṃ tathā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Therassa vācanāmagga-tappabhāvitatāpi ca.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Paṭivedhā tathā buddha-vacanādīhi ādito;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Ābhidhammikabhāvassa, sādhanaṃ sabbadassino.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Vinayenātha <a name="V0.0012"></a> gosiṅga-suttena ca mahesinā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Bhāsitattassa saṃsiddhi, nidānena ca dīpitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pakāsetvā imaṃ sabbaṃ, paṭiññātakathā katā;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Aṭṭhasāliniyā etaṃ, sannivesaṃ vibhāvaye’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vacanatthavijānanena viditābhidhammasāmaññatthassa abhidhammakathā vuccamānā sobheyyāti abhidhammaparijānanameva ādimhi yuttarūpanti tadatthaṃ pucchati <span class="bld">‘‘tattha kenaṭṭhena abhidhammo’’</span>ti. Tattha <span class="bld">tatthā</span>ti ‘‘abhidhammassa atthaṃ pakāsayissāmī’’ti yadidaṃ vuttaṃ, tasmiṃ. ‘‘Yassa atthaṃ pakāsayissāmī’’ti paṭiññātaṃ, so abhidhammo kenaṭṭhena abhidhammoti attho. <span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti vā ‘‘abhidhammakatha’’nti etasmiṃ vacane yo abhidhammo vutto, so kenaṭṭhena abhidhammoti attho. <span class="bld">Dhammātirekadhammavisesaṭṭhenā</span>ti ettha dhammo atireko dhammātireko, suttantādhikā pāḷīti attho. Dhammo viseso dhammaviseso dhammātisayo, vicittā pāḷīti attho, dhammātirekadhammavisesā eva attho <span class="bld">dhammātirekadhammavisesaṭṭho</span>. Dvinnampi atthānaṃ abhidhammasaddassa atthabhāvena sāmaññato ekavacananiddeso kato. <span class="bld">Tasmā</span>ti yasmā ‘‘abhikkamanti, abhikkantavaṇṇā’’tiādīsu viya atirekavisesaṭṭhadīpako abhisaddo, tasmā ayampi dhammo dhammātirekadhammavisesaṭṭhena ‘‘abhidhammo’’ti vuccatīti sambandho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha siyā – ‘‘abhikkamanti, abhikkantavaṇṇā’’ti ettha dhātusaddassa purato payujjamāno abhisaddo kiriyāya atirekavisesabhāvadīpako hotīti yuttaṃ upasaggabhāvato, dhammasaddo pana na dhātusaddoti etasmā purato abhisaddo payogameva nārahati. Athāpi payujjeyya, kiriyāvisesakā upasaggā, na ca dhammo kiriyāti dhammassa atirekavisesabhāvadīpanaṃ na yuttanti? No na yuttaṃ. Aññassapi hi upasaggassa adhātusaddā <a name="M0.0013"></a> purato payujjamānassa akiriyāyapi atirekavisesabhāvadīpakassa dassanatoti etamatthaṃ vibhāvetuṃ atichattādiudāharaṇaṃ dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘yathā’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Evamevā</span>ti yathā chattātirekachattavisesādiatthena atichattādayo honti atisaddassa upasaggassa adhātusaddassapi purato payujjamānassa akiriyāya ca tabbhāvadīpakattā, evamayampi dhammo dhammātirekadhammavisesaṭṭhena <a name="V0.0013"></a> <span class="bld">‘‘abhidhammo’’</span>ti vuccati abhi-saddassa upasaggassa adhātusaddassapi purato payujjamānassa akiriyāya ca tabbhāvadīpakattāti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ekadeseneva vibhattā</span>ti ‘‘katame ca, bhikkhave, pañcakkhandhā? Rūpakkhandho…pe… viññāṇakkhandho. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, rūpakkhandho? Yaṃ kiñci rūpaṃ atītā…pe… santike vā, ayaṃ vuccati rūpakkhandho’’tievamādinā (saṃ. ni. 3.48; vibha. 2) uddesaniddesamatteneva vibhattā, ‘‘tattha katamaṃ rūpaṃ atīta’’ntievamādinā (vibha. 3) paṭiniddesassa abhidhammabhājanīyassa pañhapucchakassa ca abhāvā na nippadesena. Abhidhammaṃ patvā pana…pe… nippadesatova vibhattā, tasmā ayampi dhammo dhammātirekadhammavisesaṭṭhena <span class="bld">‘‘abhidhammo’’</span>ti vuccati nippadesānaṃ tiṇṇampi nayānaṃ atirekapāḷibhāvato visesapāḷibhāvato cāti adhippāyo. Suttante bāvīsatiyā indriyānaṃ ekato anāgatattā indriyavibhaṅge suttantabhājanīyaṃ natthi. ‘‘Avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā sambhavantī’’tiādinā paṭiccasamuppāde tassa tassa paccayadhammassa paccayuppannadhammānaṃ paccayabhāvo uddiṭṭho, uddiṭṭhadhammānañca kusalādibhāvo pucchitvā vissajjetabbo, na cettha ‘‘avijjāsaṅkhārā’’ti evaṃ vutto uddeso atthīti pañhapucchakaṃ natthi. Suttante pañca sikkhāpadāni uddiṭṭhāni pāṇātipātā veramaṇītiādīni. Sā pana veramaṇī yadi sabhāvakiccādivasena vibhajīyeyya, ‘‘ārati viratī’’tiādinā abhidhammabhājanīyameva hoti. Athāpi cittuppādavasena vibhajīyeyya, tathāpi abhidhammabhājanīyameva hoti. Añño pana veramaṇīnaṃ vibhajitabbappakāro natthi, yena pakārena suttantabhājanīyaṃ vattabbaṃ siyā. Tasmā sikkhāpadavibhaṅge suttantabhājanīyaṃ natthi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vacanatthato abhidhamme ñāte paricchedato ñāpetuṃ āha <span class="bld">‘‘pakaraṇaparicchedato’’</span>tiādi. <span class="bld">Katipayāva pañhavārā avasesā</span>ti dhammahadayavibhaṅge anāgatā hutvā mahādhammahadaye āgatā dhammahadayavibhaṅgavacanavasena <a name="M0.0014"></a> avasesā katipayāva pañhavārāti attho. Ettheva saṅgahitāti <span class="bld">‘‘apubbaṃ natthī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Appamattikāva tanti avasesā</span>ti dhammahadayavibhaṅge anāgantvā mahādhammahadaye āgatatantito yadi pathavīādīnaṃ vitthārakathā mahādhātukathā rūpakaṇḍadhātuvibhaṅgādīsu, atha dhātukathāya vitthārakathā dhātukathāya anāgantvā mahādhātukathāya āgatatanti appamattikāvāti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yaṃ <a name="V0.0014"></a> pana vuttaṃ ‘‘sāvakabhāsitattā chaḍḍetha na’’nti, taṃ buddhabhāsitabhāvadassanena paṭisedhetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sammāsambuddho hī’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Catūsu pañhesū</span>ti ‘‘upalabbhati nupalabbhatī’’ti paṭiññāya gahitāya paṭikkhepagahaṇatthaṃ ‘‘yo saccikaṭṭho’’ti vuttaṃ saccikaṭṭhaṃ nissayaṃ katvā upādāya pavattā dvepi pañcakā eko pañho, ‘‘sabbatthā’’ti sarīraṃ sabbaṃ vā desaṃ upādāya pavattā eko, ‘‘sabbadā’’ti kālamupādāya eko, ‘‘sabbesū’’ti yadi khandhāyatanādayo gahitā, te upādāya pavattā, atha pana ‘‘yo saccikaṭṭho sabbattha sabbadā’’ti etehi na koci saccikaṭṭho deso kālo vā aggahito atthi, te pana sāmaññavasena gahetvā anuyogo kato, na bhedavasenāti bhedavasena gahetvā anuyuñjituṃ ‘‘sabbesū’’ti vuttā saccikaṭṭhadesakālappadese upādāya ca pavattā ekoti etesu catūsu. <span class="bld">Dvinnaṃ pañcakāna</span>nti ettha ‘‘puggalo upalabbhati…pe… micchā’’ti ekaṃ, ‘‘puggalo nupalabbhati…pe… micchā’’ti (kathā. 18) ekaṃ, ‘‘tvaṃ ce pana maññasi…pe… idaṃ te micchā’’ti (kathā. 3) ekaṃ, ‘‘ese ce dunniggahite…pe… idaṃ te micchā’’ti ekaṃ, ‘‘na hevaṃ niggahetabbe, tena hi yaṃ niggaṇhāsi…pe… sukatā paṭipādanā’’ti (kathā. 10) ekanti evaṃ niggahakaraṇaṃ, paṭikammakaraṇaṃ, niggahassa suniggahabhāvaṃ icchato paṭiññāṭhapanena paṭikammaveṭhanaṃ, paṭikammassa duppaṭikammabhāvaṃ icchato taṃnidassanena niggahassa dunniggahabhāvadassanena niggahanibbeṭhanaṃ, aniggahabhāvāropanādinā chedoti ayaṃ eko pañcako, yo aṭṭhakathāyaṃ anulomapañcakapaṭikammacatukkaniggahacatukkaupanayanacatukkanigamanacatukka nāmehi sakavādipubbapakkhe anulomapaccanīkapañcakoti vutto, paravādipubbapakkhe ca evameva paccanīyānulomapañcakoti vutto. Evaṃ dve pañcakā veditabbā. Evaṃ sesapañhesupīti aṭṭha pañcakā <span class="bld">aṭṭhamukhā vādayuttī</span>ti <a name="M0.0015"></a> vuttā. <span class="bld">Yuttī</span>ti upāyo, vādassa yutti <span class="bld">vādayutti,</span> vādappavattanassa upāyoti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Anulomapaccanīkapañcake ādiniggahaṃ dassetvā paccanīyānulomapañcake ca ādiniggahameva dassetvā mātikaṃ dīpetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sā panesā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Puggalo</span>ti attā satto jīvo. <span class="bld">Upalabbhatī</span>ti paññāya upagantvā labbhati. <span class="bld">Saccikaṭṭhaparamaṭṭhenā</span>ti māyāmarīciādayo viya nābhūtākārena, anussavādīhi gahetabbā viya na anuttamatthabhāvena, atha kho bhūtena uttamatthabhāvena upalabbhatīti pucchati. Itaro tādisaṃ icchanto paṭijānāti. Puna yo saccikaṭṭhaparamaṭṭhena upalabbhati, so saccikaṭṭhaparamaṭṭhato añño tadādhāro, aññatra vā tehi, tesaṃ <a name="V0.0015"></a> vā ādhārabhūto, anañño vā tato ruppanādisabhāvato sappaccayādisabhāvato vā upalabbhamāno āpajjatīti anuyuñjati <span class="bld">‘‘yo saccikaṭṭho…pe… paramaṭṭhenā’’</span>ti. Itaro puggalassa rūpādīhi aññattaṃ anaññattañca anicchanto <span class="bld">‘‘na heva’’</span>nti paṭikkhipati. Puna sakavādī paṭiññāya ekattāpannaṃ appaṭikkhipitabbaṃ paṭikkhipatīti katvā niggahaṃ āropento āha <span class="bld">‘‘ājānāhi niggaha’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">‘‘Puggalo nupalabbhatī’’</span>ti puṭṭho sakavādī puggaladiṭṭhiṃ paṭisedhento <span class="bld">‘‘āmantā’’</span>ti paṭijānāti. Puna itaro yo saccikaṭṭhena nupalabbhati puggalo, so saccikaṭṭhaparamaṭṭhato añño vā anañño vā nupalabbhatīti āpajjati aññassa pakārassa abhāvāti anuyuñjati <span class="bld">‘‘yo saccikaṭṭho…pe… paramaṭṭhenā’’</span>ti. Yasmā pana puggalo sabbena sabbaṃ nupalabbhati, tasmā tassa aññattānaññattānuyogo ananuyogo puggalaladdhiṃ paṭisedhentassa anāpajjanatoti <span class="bld">‘‘na heva’’</span>nti paṭikkhipati. Itaro paṭiññāya āpajjanalesameva passanto aviparītaṃ atthaṃ asambujjhantoyeva niggahaṃ āropeti <span class="bld">‘‘ājānāhi niggaha’’</span>nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Itī</span>ti yaṃ disvā mātikā ṭhapitā, evaṃ desitattāti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Yathā ki</span>nti yena pakārena buddhabhāsitaṃ nāma jātaṃ, taṃ nidassanaṃ kinti attho. <span class="bld">Yatonidāna</span>nti yaṃkāraṇā chaajjhattikabāhirāyatanādinidānanti attho. <span class="bld">Papañcasaññāsaṅkhā</span>ti taṇhāmānadiṭṭhipapañcasampayuttā saññākoṭṭhāsā. <span class="bld">Samudācarantī</span>ti ajjhācaranti. <span class="bld">Ettha ce</span>ti etesu āyatanādīsu taṇhāmānadiṭṭhīhi abhinanditabbaṃ abhivaditabbaṃ ajjhositabbañca natthi ce<a name="M0.0016"></a>. Nanu natthiyeva, kasmā ‘‘natthi ce’’ti vuttanti? Saccaṃ natthi, appahīnābhinandanābhivadanajjhosānānaṃ pana puthujjanānaṃ abhinanditabbādippakārāni āyatanādīni hontīti tesaṃ na sakkā ‘‘natthī’’ti vattuṃ, pahīnābhinandanādīnaṃ pana sabbathā natthīti ‘‘natthi ce’’ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Esevanto</span>ti abhinandanādīnaṃ natthibhāvakaro maggo tappaṭippassaddhibhūtaṃ phalaṃ vā rāgānusayādīnaṃ anto avasānaṃ, appavattīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Jānaṃ jānātī</span>ti sabbaññutaññāṇena jānitabbaṃ jānāti. Na hi padesañāṇavā jānitabbaṃ sabbaṃ jānātīti. <span class="bld">Passaṃ passatī</span>ti dibbacakkhupaññācakkhudhammacakkhubuddhacakkhusamantacakkhusaṅkhātehi pañcahi cakkhūhi passitabbaṃ passati. Atha vā <span class="bld">jānaṃ jānātī</span>ti yathā aññe savipallāsā kāmarūpapariññāvādino jānantāpi vipallāsavasena jānanti, na evaṃ bhagavā<a name="V0.0016"></a>, bhagavā pana pahīnavipallāsattā jānanto jānātiyeva, diṭṭhidassanassa ca abhāvā passanto passatiyevāti attho. <span class="bld">Cakkhubhūto</span>ti paññācakkhumayattā sattesu ca taduppādanato lokassa cakkhubhūto. <span class="bld">Ñāṇabhūto</span>ti etassa ca evameva attho daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Dhammā</span> bodhipakkhiyā. <span class="bld">Brahmā</span> maggo, tehi uppannattā lokassa ca taduppādanato tabbhūto. <span class="bld">Vattā</span>ti catusaccadhamme vadatīti vattā. <span class="bld">Pavattā</span>ti ciraṃ saccappaṭivedhaṃ pavattento vadatīti pavattā. <span class="bld">Atthassa ninnetā</span>ti atthaṃ uddharitvā dassetā, paramatthaṃ vā nibbānaṃ pāpayitā. <span class="bld">Amatassa dātā</span>ti amatasacchikiriyaṃ sattesu uppādento amataṃ dadātīti amatassa dātā. Bodhipakkhiyadhammānaṃ tadāyattabhāvato <span class="bld">dhammassāmī</span>. <span class="bld">Suvaṇṇāliṅga</span>nti suvaṇṇamayaṃ āliṅgaṃ khuddakamudiṅgaṃ. Supupphitasatapattapadumamiva sassirikaṃ sasobhaṃ <span class="bld">supupphitasatapattasassirikaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anumoditakālato paṭṭhāya…pe… buddhabhāsitaṃ nāma jāta</span>nti etena anumodanā buddhabhāsitabhāvassa kāraṇanti ayamattho vutto viya dissati, evañca sati kathāvatthussa buddhabhāsitabhāvo na siyā ananumoditattā, tasmā evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo – ‘‘mahākaccāyano evaṃ vibhajissatī’’ti disvā bhagavā mātikaṃ nikkhipitvā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho, tatheva ca thero bhagavatā dinnanayena ṭhapitamātikāya vibhajīti buddhabhāsitaṃ nāma jātaṃ, taṃ pana anumodanāya pākaṭaṃ jātanti etamatthaṃ sandhāya ‘‘evaṃ satthārā…pe… nāma jāta’’nti vuttanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="M0.0017"></a> pāḷiyā sannivesaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tattha dhammasaṅgaṇīpakaraṇe’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Kāmāvacarakusalato aṭṭhā</span>ti kāmāvacarakusale cattāro khandhe gahetvā tato aṭṭha cittāni uddharati. Paṭhamā vibhattītipi vadanti. <span class="bld">Ekūnanavuti cittānī</span>ti yattha etāni cittāni vibhattāni, te pāḷippadesā ‘‘ekūnanavuti cittānī’’ti vuttā. Tesañca samudāyo cittavibhatti, tasmā upapannametaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ekūnanavuti cittāni cittavibhattī’’</span>ti. Mātikañca uddisitvā tattha ekekaṃ padaṃ uddharitvā yasmā cittāni vibhattāni, tasmā mātikāpi cittavibhattiantogadhāyevāti cittuppādakaṇḍaṃ mātikāpadabhājanīyavasena duvidhanti idampi vacanaṃ yujjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mūlato</span>ti ‘‘tīṇi kusalamūlānī’’tiādinā (dha. sa. 985) kusalādīnaṃ mūlavasena saṅkhipitvā vacanaṃ. ‘‘Vedanākkhandho’’tiādinā <span class="bld">khandhato</span>. ‘‘Kāyakamma’’ntiādinā <span class="bld">dvārato</span>. ‘‘Sukhabhūmiyaṃ kāmāvacare’’tiādinā (dha. sa. 988) <span class="bld">bhūmito. Attho</span>ti hetuphalaṃ. <span class="bld">Dhammo</span>ti hetu<a name="V0.0017"></a>. ‘‘Tīṇi kusalamūlāni tīṇi akusalamūlānī’’tiādinā (dha. sa. 985-986) hetuvasena saṅgaho <span class="bld">dhammato</span> nikkhepo. ‘‘Taṃsampayutto, taṃsamuṭṭhānā tadekaṭṭhā ca kilesā’’tiādinā (dha. sa. 985-986) hetuphalavasena saṅgaho <span class="bld">atthato</span> nikkhepo. Atha vā <span class="bld">dhammo</span>ti bhāsito. <span class="bld">Attho</span>ti bhāsitattho. ‘‘Tayo kusalahetū’’ti (dha. sa. 1059) <span class="bld">dhammo</span>. ‘‘Tattha katame tayo kusalahetū alobho’’tiādi (dha. sa. 1060) <span class="bld">attho,</span> so ca <span class="bld">dhammo</span>. ‘‘Tattha katamo alobho’’tiādi (dha. sa. 1061) <span class="bld">attho</span>ti evaṃ atthadhammavasena nikkhepo veditabbo. <span class="bld">Nāmato</span>ti ‘‘tīṇi kusalamūlānī’’ti vuttadhammānaṃ alobhotiādināmavasena. <span class="bld">Liṅgato</span>ti uddiṭṭhassa ekasseva dhammassa ‘‘alobho alubbhanā alubbhitatta’’nti (dha. sa. 1061) purisādiliṅgavasena nikkhepo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Gaṇanacāra</span>nti gaṇanappavattiṃ. <span class="bld">Samānentī</span>ti samānaṃ karonti pūrenti, tathā <span class="bld">samānetabba</span>nti etthāpi. ‘‘Vijjābhāgino avijjābhāgino’’ti (dha. sa. dukamātikā 101) evamādīsu ettha viññātesu ābhidhammikattherā suttantaṃ suṇantā cintentā ca suttantesu ‘‘vijjābhāgino’’tiādīsu āgatesu atthassa viññātattā na kilamantīti etamatthaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ābhidhammikattherānaṃ…pe… akilamatthaṃ ṭhapitā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anamataggo</span>ti <a name="M0.0018"></a> aññātaggo. <span class="bld">Khandhantara</span>nti khandhanānattaṃ, khandhameva vā. Gahetuṃ asakkuṇeyyattā saṇhaṃ, sukhumāya paññāya gahetabbato sukhumañca dhammaṃ <span class="bld">saṇhasukhumadhammaṃ</span>. Balavatā ñāṇavegena pavattattā balavato ñāṇavegassa nimittabhāvato ca <span class="bld">balavaṃ</span>. Gambhīrameva <span class="bld">gambhīragataṃ,</span> gambhīrāni vā gatāni gamanāni etassa santīti <span class="bld">gambhīragataṃ. Yathānupubba</span>nti yathānupubbena. <span class="bld">Nikhilenā</span>ti niravasesena desitaṃ, pañcakhilarahitena vā bhagavatā desitaṃ. <span class="bld">Rūpagataṃvā</span>ti hatthagataṃ rūpaṃ viya cakkhunā. ‘‘Paṭivedhañāṇena samantapaṭṭhānaṃ yo passati, so attheva, no natthī’’ti attānaṃ sandhāya thero vadatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Khuddakavatthuvibhaṅge</span> āgatesu ekādhikesu aṭṭhasu kilesasatesu aṭṭhasatataṇhāvicaritāni apanetvā sesā dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhiyo ca uppannānuppannabhāvena diguṇitāni diyaḍḍhakilesasahassāni dasādhikāni honti, appakaṃ pana ūnamadhikaṃ vā na gaṇanūpagaṃ hotīti <span class="bld">‘‘diyaḍḍhakilesasahassa’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Itaresaṃ atītādibhāvāmasanā aggahaṇaṃ khepane daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Mecakapaṭā</span>ti <a name="V0.0018"></a> nīlanibhā paṭā. <span class="bld">Cittasamuṭṭhānā vaṇṇadhātū</span>ti cittapaccayautusamuṭṭhānā vaṇṇadhātūti attho gahetabbo. Kasmā? Na hi cittasamuṭṭhānaṃ rūpaṃ bahi nigacchatīti, cittasamuṭṭhānarūpaparamparāya āgatattā pana evaṃ vuttaṃ. Atha vā <span class="bld">cittasamuṭṭhānā vaṇṇadhātū</span>ti ettha paccayautusaddānaṃ lopaṃ katvā soyeva pubbe vutto attho suvaṇṇatā sussaratā viya. Ettha hi ‘‘sussaratā’’ti upādinnakādhikāre āgataṃ, na ca saddo upādinnako atthi, tasmā upādinnakarūpaoṭṭhatāluādinissayattā evaṃ vuttanti, evametthāpi cittapaccayautusamuṭṭhānaṃ sandhāya ‘‘cittasamuṭṭhānā vaṇṇadhātū’’ti vadati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kāyasakkhi</span>nti paccakkhaṃ. <span class="bld">Dantāvaraṇa</span>nti oṭṭhadvayaṃ. <span class="bld">Mukhādāna</span>nti mukhavivaraṃ. <span class="bld">Siliṭṭha</span>nti saṃgataṃ susaṇṭhitaṃ. <span class="bld">Sare nimittaṃ gahetvā</span>ti ‘‘dhammo eso vuccatī’’ti dhammassaravasena nimittaṃ gahetvā, na kilesānubyañjanavasena. <span class="bld">Ekappahārenā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">pahāro</span>ti divasassa tatiyo bhāgo vuccati. <span class="bld">Evaṃ sante</span>ti pubbe vuttamaggahetvā vācanāmaggassa therappabhavattavacanameva gahetvā tena purimavacanañca paṭikkhipanto codeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tenetametassā</span>ti <a name="M0.0019"></a> vinayassa. <span class="bld">Attatthaparatthādibhede</span>ti yo taṃ suttaṃ sajjhāyati suṇāti vāceti cinteti deseti, suttena saṅgahito sīlādiattho tassapi hoti, tena parassa sādhetabbato parassapi hotīti tadubhayaṃ taṃ suttaṃ sūceti dīpeti. Tathā diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikatthe lokiyalokuttarattheti evamādibhede atthe <span class="bld">ādi</span>saddena saṅgaṇhāti. <span class="bld">Attha</span>saddo cāyaṃ hitapariyāyavacanaṃ, na bhāsitatthavacanaṃ. Yadi siyā, suttaṃ attanopi bhāsitatthaṃ sūceti parasuttassapīti ayamattho siyā, suttena ca yo attho pakāsito, so tasseva hotīti na tena parattho sūcito hoti, tena ca sūcetabbassa paratthassa nivattetabbassa abhāvā attaggahaṇaṃ na kattabbaṃ, attatthaparatthavinimuttassa bhāsitatthassa abhāvā ādiggahaṇañca na kattabbaṃ, tasmā yathāvuttassa atthassa sutte asambhavato suttādhārassa puggalassa vasena attatthaparatthā vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā suttaṃ anapekkhitvā ye attatthādayopi atthappabhedā vuttā <span class="bld">niddese</span> (mahāni. 69; cūḷani. mogharājamāṇavapucchāniddesa 85) ‘‘attattho parattho ubhayattho diṭṭhadhammiko attho samparāyiko attho uttāno attho gambhīro attho guḷho attho paṭicchanno attho neyyo attho <a name="V0.0019"></a> nīto attho anavajjo attho nikkileso attho vodāno attho paramattho attho’’ti, te suttaṃ sūcetīti attho. Atha vā ‘‘attanā ca appiccho hotī’’ti attatthaṃ, ‘‘appicchakathañca paresaṃ kattā hotī’’ti paratthaṃ sūcetīti. Evaṃ ‘‘attanā ca pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hotī’’tiādisuttāni (a. ni. 4.99) yojetabbāni. Vinayābhidhammehi ca visesetvā suttasaddassa attho vattabbo, tasmā veneyyajjhāsayavasappavattāya desanāya attahitaparahitādīni sātisayaṃ pakāsitāni honti, na āṇādhammasabhāvavasappavattāyāti idameva <span class="bld">‘‘atthānaṃ sūcanato sutta’’</span>nti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sutte ca āṇādhammasabhāvā veneyyajjhāsayaṃ anuvattanti, na vinayābhidhammesu viya veneyyajjhāsayo āṇādhammasabhāve anuvattati, tasmā veneyyānaṃ ekantahitapaṭilābhasaṃvattanikā suttantadesanā hotīti <span class="bld">‘‘suvuttā cettha atthā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Pasavatī</span>ti phalati<a name="M0.0020"></a>. <span class="bld">‘‘Suttāṇā’’</span>ti etassa atthaṃ pakāsetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘suṭṭhu ca ne tāyatī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Attatthaparatthādividhānesu ca suttassa pamāṇabhāvo tesañca saṅgāhakattaṃ yojetabbaṃ, tadatthappakāsane padhānattā suttassa itarehi visesanañca. <span class="bld">Eta</span>nti ‘‘atthānaṃ sūcanato’’tiādikaṃ atthavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Etassā</span>ti suttassa.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Abhikkamantī</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">abhi</span>-saddo kamanassa vuddhibhāvaṃ atirekattaṃ dīpeti. <span class="bld">Abhikkantenā</span>ti ca ettha kantiyā adhikattaṃ visesabhāvanti yuttaṃ kiriyāvisesakattā upasaggassa. <span class="bld">Abhiññātā, abhirājā, abhivinaye</span>ti ettha lakkhaṇapūjitaparicchinnesu rattiādīsu <span class="bld">abhi</span>-saddo vattatīti kathametaṃ yujjeyyāti? Lakkhaṇakaraṇañāṇapūjanaparicchedakiriyādīpanato tāhi ca kiriyāhi rattirājavinayānaṃ yuttattā. Bhāvanāpharaṇavuddhīhi <span class="bld">vuddhimanto. Ārammaṇādīhī</span>ti ārammaṇasampayuttakammadvārapaṭipadādīhi. <span class="bld">Avisiṭṭha</span>nti aññamaññavisiṭṭhesu vinayasuttantābhidhammesu avisiṭṭhaṃ samānaṃ piṭakasaddanti attho. <span class="bld">Yathāvuttenevā</span>ti ‘‘evaṃ duvidhatthenā’’tiādinā nayena.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathetabbānaṃ atthānaṃ desakāyattena āṇādividhinā atisajjanaṃ pabodhanaṃ <span class="bld">desanā</span>. Sāsitabbapuggalagatena yathāparādhādinā sāsitabbabhāvena anusāsanaṃ vinayanaṃ <span class="bld">sāsanaṃ</span>. Kathetabbassa saṃvarāsaṃvarādino atthassa kathanaṃ vacanapaṭibaddhakaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">kathā. Bheda</span>-saddo visuṃ visuṃ yojetabbo ‘‘desanābhedaṃ sāsanabhedaṃ kathābhedañca yathārahaṃ paridīpaye’’ti. <span class="bld">Bheda</span>nti nānattaṃ, nānākaraṇanti <a name="V0.0020"></a> attho. Sikkhā ca pahānāni ca gambhīrabhāvo ca <span class="bld">sikkhāpahānagambhīrabhāvaṃ,</span> tañca <span class="bld">paridīpaye</span>. <span class="bld">Ya</span>nti pariyattiādiṃ. <span class="bld">Yathā</span>ti upārambhādihetu pariyāpuṇanādippakārehi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tīsupi cetesu ete dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhā</span>ti ettha tantiattho tantidesanā tantiatthapaṭivedho ca tantivisayā hontīti vinayapiṭakādīnaṃ atthadesanāpaṭivedhādhārabhāvo yutto, piṭakāni pana tantiyoyevāti dhammādhārabhāvo kathaṃ yujjeyyāti? Tantisamudāyassa avayavatantiyā ādhārabhāvato, dhammādīnañca dukkhogāhabhāvato tehi vinayādayo gambhīrāti vinayādīnañca catubbidho gambhīrabhāvo vutto, tasmā ‘‘dhammādayo eva dukkhogāhattā gambhīrā, na <a name="M0.0021"></a> vinayādayo’’ti na codetabbametaṃ. Tattha paṭivedhassa dukkarabhāvato dhammatthānaṃ, desanāñāṇassa dukkarabhāvato desanāya ca dukkhogāhabhāvo veditabbo. Paṭivedhassa pana uppādetuṃ asakkuṇeyyattā tabbisayañāṇuppattiyā ca dukkarabhāvato dukkhogāhatā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Hetumhi ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā</span>ti etena vacanatthena dhammassa hetubhāvo kathaṃ ñātabboti? ‘‘Dhammapaṭisambhidā’’ti etassa samāsapadassa avayavapadatthaṃ dassentena ‘‘hetumhi ñāṇa’’nti vuttattā. ‘‘Dhamme paṭisambhidā’’ti ettha hi ‘‘dhamme’’ti etassa atthaṃ dassentena ‘‘hetumhī’’ti vuttaṃ, ‘‘paṭisambhidā’’ti etassa ca atthaṃ dassentena ‘‘ñāṇa’’nti, tasmā hetudhammasaddā ekatthā ñāṇapaṭisambhidāsaddā cāti imamatthaṃ dassentena sādhito dhammassa hetubhāvo. Atthassa hetuphalabhāvo ca evameva daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Yathādhamma</span>nti ettha <span class="bld">dhamma</span>-saddo hetuṃ hetuphalañca sabbaṃ gaṇhāti. Sabhāvavācako hesa, na pariyattihetubhāvavācako, tasmā <span class="bld">yathādhamma</span>nti yo yo avijjāsaṅkhārādidhammo, tasmiṃ tasminti attho. <span class="bld">Dhammābhilāpo</span>ti atthabyañjanako aviparītābhilāpo. Etena ‘‘tatra dhammaniruttābhilāpe ñāṇaṃ niruttipaṭisambhidā’’ti (vibha. 718-720) ettha vuttadhammaniruttiṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Anulomādivasena vā kathana</span>nti etena tassā dhammaniruttiyā abhilāpaṃ kathanaṃ tassa vacanassa pavattanaṃ dasseti. <span class="bld">Adhippāyo</span>ti etena ‘‘desanāti paññattī’’ti etaṃ vacanaṃ dhammaniruttābhilāpaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, na tabbinimuttaṃ paññattiṃ sandhāyāti dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">So ca lokiyalokuttaro</span>ti evaṃ vuttaṃ abhisamayaṃ yena pakārena abhisameti, yañca abhisameti, yo ca tassa sabhāvo, tehi pākaṭaṃ kātuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘visayato asammohato ca atthādianurūpaṃ</span> <a name="V0.0021"></a> <span class="bld">dhammādīsu avabodho’’</span>ti āha. Tattha hi <span class="bld">visayato</span> atthādianurūpaṃ dhammādīsu avabodho avijjādidhammasaṅkhārādiatthatadubhayapaññāpanārammaṇo lokiyo abhisamayo. <span class="bld">Asammohato</span> atthādianurūpaṃ dhammādīsu avabodho nibbānārammaṇo maggasampayutto yathāvuttadhammatthapaññattīsu sammohaviddhaṃsano lokuttaro abhisamayoti. Abhisamayato aññampi paṭivedhatthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tesaṃ tesaṃ vā’’</span>tiādimāha. ‘‘Paṭivedhanaṃ <a name="M0.0022"></a> paṭivedho’’ti iminā hi vacanatthena abhisamayo, paṭivijjhīyatīti paṭivedhoti iminā taṃtaṃrūpādidhammānaṃ aviparītasabhāvo ca paṭivedhoti yujjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yathāvuttehi dhammādīhi piṭakānaṃ gambhīrabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘idāni yasmā etesu piṭakesū’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Yo cetthā</span>ti etesu taṃtaṃpiṭakagatesu dhammādīsu yo paṭivedho etesu ca piṭakesu tesaṃ tesaṃ dhammānaṃ yo aviparītasabhāvoti yojetabbo. Dukkhogāhatā ca vuttanayeneva veditabbā. Ayaṃ panettha viseso ‘‘aviparītasabhāvasaṅkhāto paṭivedho dubbiññeyyatāya eva dukkhogāho’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ya</span>nti pariyattiduggahaṇaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Attha</span>nti bhāsitatthaṃ payojanatthañca. <span class="bld">Na upaparikkhantī</span>ti na vicārenti. <span class="bld">Na nijjhānaṃ khamantī</span>ti nijjhānapaññaṃ na khamanti, nijjhāyitvā paññāya disvā rocetvā na gahetabbā hontīti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Itī</span>ti evaṃ etāya pariyattiyā <span class="bld">vādappamokkhānisaṃsā</span> attano upari parehi āropitavādassa niggahassa pamokkhappayojanā hutvā dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti. <span class="bld">Vādappamokkho</span>ti vā nindāpamokkho. <span class="bld">Yassa catthāyā</span>ti yassa ca sīlādiparipūraṇassa anupādāvimokkhassa vā atthāya. <span class="bld">Dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇantī</span>ti ñāyena pariyāpuṇantīti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Assā</span>ti assa dhammassa. <span class="bld">Nānubhontī</span>ti na vindanti. Tesaṃ te dhammā duggahitattā upārambhamānadappamakkhapalāsādihetubhāvena dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti. Bhaṇḍāgāre niyutto bhaṇḍāgāriko, bhaṇḍāgāriko viyāti bhaṇḍāgāriko, dhammaratanānupālako. Aññaṃ atthaṃ anapekkhitvā bhaṇḍāgārikasseva sato pariyatti <span class="bld">bhaṇḍāgārikapariyatti</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tāsaṃyevā</span>ti avadhāraṇaṃ pāpuṇitabbānaṃ chaḷabhiññācatupaṭisambhidānaṃ vinaye pabhedavacanābhāvaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Verañjakaṇḍe hi tisso vijjāva vibhattāti. Dutiye <span class="bld">tāsaṃyevā</span>ti <a name="V0.0022"></a> avadhāraṇaṃ catasso paṭisambhidā apekkhitvā kataṃ, na tisso vijjā. Tā hi chasu abhiññāsu antogadhāti sutte vibhattāyevāti. Ñatvā saṅgayhamānanti yojanā. <span class="bld">Tesa</span>nti tesaṃ piṭakānaṃ. <span class="bld">Sabbampī</span>ti sabbampi buddhavacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atthānulomanāmato <span class="bld">anulomiko</span>. Anulomikattaṃyeva vibhāvetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kasmā panā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ekanikāyampī</span>ti ekasamūhampi. Poṇikā <a name="M0.0023"></a> ca cikkhallikā ca khattiyā, tesaṃ nivāso <span class="bld">poṇikanikāyo cikkhallikanikāyo</span> ca. Evaṃ dhammakkhandhato caturāsīti dhammakkhandhasahassānīti buddhavacanapiṭakādīni niṭṭhāpetvā anekacchariyapātubhāvapaṭimaṇḍitāya saṅgītiyā paṭhamabuddhavacanādiko sabbo vuttappabhedo aññopi uddānasaṅgahādibhedo saṅgītiyā ñāyatīti etassa dassanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘evametaṃ sabbampī’’</span>tiādi āraddhaṃ. <span class="bld">Ayaṃ abhidhammo piṭakato abhidhammapiṭaka</span>ntiādinā piṭakādibhāvadassaneneva majjhimabuddhavacanabhāvo tathāgatassa ca ādito ābhidhammikabhāvo dassitoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ettha siyā ‘‘yadi tathāgatabhāsitabhāvo abhidhammassa siddho siyā, majjhimabuddhavacanabhāvo ca siddho bhaveyya, so eva ca na siddho’’ti tassa vinayādīhi buddhabhāsitabhāvaṃ sādhetuṃ vatthuṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘taṃ dhārayantesu bhikkhūsū’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Sabbasāmayikaparisāyā</span>ti sabbanikāyikaparisāya pañcapi nikāye pariyāpuṇantiyā. <span class="bld">Na uggahita</span>nti sakalassa vinayapiṭakassa anuggahitattā āha. <span class="bld">Vinayamattaṃ uggahita</span>nti vibhaṅgadvayassa uggahitattā āha. Vinayaṃ avivaṇṇetukāmatāya ‘‘abhidhammaṃ pariyāpuṇassū’’ti bhaṇantassa anāpattiṃ, abhidhamme anokāsakataṃ bhikkhuṃ pañhaṃ pucchantiyā pācittiyañca vadantena bhagavatā abhidhammassa buddhabhāsitabhāvo dīpito buddhabhāsitehi suttādīhisaha vacanato, bāhirakabhāsitesu ca īdisassa vacanassa abhāvā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Itopi balavataraṃ</span> ābhidhammikassa sādhukāradānena vicikicchāvicchedassa katattā. Kammato aññaṃ kammaṃ <span class="bld">kammantaraṃ,</span> taṃ kāmāvacarādiṃ rūpāvacarādibhāvena, kaṇhavipākādiṃ sukkavipākādibhāvena kathento āloḷeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Jinacakke</span>ti jinasāsane. <span class="bld">Visaṃvādetī</span>ti vippalambheti. <span class="bld">Bhedakaravatthūsu ekasmi</span>nti ‘‘bhāsitaṃ <a name="V0.0023"></a> lapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpetī’’ti ekasmiṃ sandissati. <span class="bld">Uttaripi evaṃ vattabbo…pe… na aññesaṃ visayo…pe… nidānakiccaṃ nāma natthī</span>ti apākaṭānaṃ kāladesadesakaparisānaṃ pākaṭabhāvakaraṇatthaṃ tadupadesasahitena nidānena bhavitabbaṃ, aññesaṃ avisayattā desako pākaṭo, okkantikālādīnaṃ pākaṭattā kālo ca, devaloke desitabhāvassa pākaṭattā desaparisā ca pākaṭāti kiṃ nidānakiccaṃ siyāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yattha <a name="M0.0024"></a> khandhādayo nippadesena vibhattā, so abhidhammo nāma, tasmā tassa nidānena khandhādīnaṃ nippadesatopi paṭividdhaṭṭhānena bhavitabbanti adhippāyena thero <span class="bld">‘‘mahābodhinidāno abhidhammo’’</span>ti dasseti. ‘‘So evaṃ pajānāmi sammādiṭṭhipaccayāpi vedayita’’ntiādinā (saṃ. ni. 5.12) nayena paccayādīhi vedanaṃ upaparikkhanto khandhādipadesānaṃ vedanākkhandhādīnaṃ vasena vihāsi. <span class="bld">Dhamme</span>ti kusalādiaraṇante.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dhammaṃ parivattento</span>ti sāṭṭhakathaṃ pāḷiṃ parivattento etaṃ paravādīcodanaṃ patvā <span class="bld">‘‘ayaṃ paravādī’’</span>tiādimāha. Amhādisesu nidānaṃ jānantesu paṭisaraṇesu vijjamānesu appaṭisaraṇo araññe kandanto viya nidānasabbhāve sakkhibhūtesupi amhesu vijjamānesu asakkhikaṃ aḍḍaṃ karonto viya hoti, nidānassa atthibhāvampi na jānāti, nanu etaṃ nidānanti kathento evamāha. <span class="bld">Ekamevā</span>ti desanānidānameva ajjhāsayānurūpena desitattā. <span class="bld">Dve nidānānī</span>ti adhigantabbadesetabbadhammānurūpena desitattā. Abhidhammādhigamassa mūlaṃ adhigamaṃ nidetīti <span class="bld">adhigamanidānaṃ. Bodhiabhinīhārasaddhāyā</span>ti yāya saddhāya dīpaṅkaradasabalassa santike bodhiyā cittaṃ abhinīhari paṇidhānaṃ akāsi.</p>
<p class="subhead">Sumedhakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Caturo ca asaṅkhiye</span>ti (bu. vaṃ. aṭṭha. 2.1-2) uddhaṃ ārohanavasena atikkamitvā amaraṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosīti vacanasesayojanā kātabbā. <span class="bld">Dasahī</span>ti hatthiassarathabherīsaṅkhamudiṅgavīṇāgītasammatāḷehi ‘‘asnātha pivatha khādathā’’ti dasamena saddena. Te pana ekadesena dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘hatthisadda’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Hatthisadda</span>nti karaṇatthe upayogo daṭṭhabbo. Bherīsaṅkharathānañca saddehi <a name="V0.0024"></a> avivittanti vā ghositanti vā yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Hatthisadda</span>nti vā hatthisaddavantaṃ nagaraṃ. <span class="bld">Khādatha pivatha cevā</span>ti iti-saddo ñātatthattā appayutto daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sabbaṅgasampannaṃ</span> uyyānapokkharaṇīādisampannattā. <span class="bld">Lakkhaṇe</span>ti itthilakkhaṇe purisalakkhaṇe ca. <span class="bld">Itihāse</span>ti porāṇe. <span class="bld">Sadhamme</span>ti attano tevijjadhamme ca yaññavidhiādike ca. <span class="bld">Pārami</span>nti pārañāṇaṃ pārādhigamaṃ gato. <span class="bld">Cintesaha</span>nti cintesiṃ ahaṃ sumedhabhūtoti satthā vadati. <span class="bld">Atthi</span> <a name="M0.0025"></a> <span class="bld">hehitī</span>ti so vijjamāno bhavissati. <span class="bld">Na hetuye</span>ti abhavituṃ. <span class="bld">Evamevā</span>ti evamevaṃ. <span class="bld">Na gavesatī</span>ti na gantuṃ esati na icchati nānugacchati vā. <span class="bld">Dhove</span>ti dhovante. <span class="bld">Serī</span>ti sāyattiko. <span class="bld">Sayaṃvasī</span>ti savaso. <span class="bld">Mahācorasamo viyā</span>ti kāyasārāgavasena duccaritānesanehi kusalabhaṇḍacchedanā. <span class="bld">Nāthā</span>ti nāthavanto. <span class="bld">Pañcadosavivajjita</span>nti evamādikassa attho kesuci aṭṭhakathāpotthakesu likhitoti katvā na vakkhāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sāsane</span>ti ettha tāpasasāsanaṃ jhānābhiññā ca. <span class="bld">Vasībhūtassa</span> sato. Mayi evaṃbhūte dīpaṅkaro jino uppajji. Sodheti jano. <span class="bld">Añjasaṃ vaṭumāyana</span>nti pariyāyavacanehi maggameva vadati. <span class="bld">Mā naṃ akkamitthā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">na</span>nti padapūraṇamatte nipāto. <span class="bld">Ghātiyāmaha</span>nti ettha ca <span class="bld">a</span>-iti ca <span class="bld">haṃ</span>-iti ca nipātā, <span class="bld">ahaṃ</span>-iti vā eko nipāto sānunāsiko kato. <span class="bld">Āhutīna</span>nti dakkhiṇāhutīnaṃ. <span class="bld">Ma</span>nti mama, maṃ vā abrvi.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kappe atikkamitvā vuttepi bodhimhi mātādisaṃkittane saṅgaṇhituṃ <span class="bld">‘‘bodhi tassa bhagavato’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Sukhenā</span>ti uttamena sukhena. <span class="bld">Asamo</span>ti tāpasehi asamo. Abhiññāsukhatopi visiṭṭhaṃ <span class="bld">īdisaṃ</span> buddhattabyākaraṇajaṃ <span class="bld">sukhaṃ alabhiṃ</span>. <span class="bld">Yā</span>ti yāni nimittāni. <span class="bld">Ābhujatī</span>ti āvattati. <span class="bld">Abhiravantī</span>ti saddaṃ karonti. <span class="bld">Chuddhā</span>ti nikkhantā. <span class="bld">Nuddhaṃsatī</span>ti na uddhaṃ gacchati. <span class="bld">Ubhaya</span>nti ubhayavacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Dhuvasassata</span>nti ekantasassataṃ, aviparītamevāti attho. <span class="bld">Āpannasattāna</span>nti gabbhinīnaṃ. <span class="bld">Yāvatā</span>dasa disā, tattha. <span class="bld">Dhammadhātuyā</span>ti dhammadhātuyaṃ, sabbesu dhammesu vicināmīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yassa sampuṇṇo, taṃ <span class="bld">vamateva</span> udakaṃ nissesaṃ. <span class="bld">Ete</span>ti ekissāpi dānapāramitāya anekappakāratāya bahuvacananiddeso kato. <span class="bld">Paṭilaggitaṃ</span> rakkhatīti vacanaseso, bhummatthe vā upayogo<a name="V0.0025"></a>. <span class="bld">Catūsu bhūmīsū</span>ti pātimokkhādīsu saṃvarabhūmīsu. <span class="bld">Advejjhamānaso</span>ti kadāci khamanaṃ kadāci akkhamanaṃ, kassaci khamanaṃ kassaci akkhamananti evaṃ dvedhābhāvaṃ anāpannamānaso hutvā. Saccassa vīthi nāma diṭṭhādi ca adiṭṭhādi ca yathābhūtaṃva vatthu. <span class="bld">Adhiṭṭhāna</span>nti kusalasamādānādhiṭṭhānaṃ, samādinnesu kusalesu acalatā adhiṭṭhānaṃ nāma. <span class="bld">Pathaviyā upekkhanaṃ</span> nāma vikārānāpatti. <span class="bld">Aññatrā</span>ti aññaṃ. <span class="bld">Sabhāvarasalakkhaṇe</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">bhāvo</span>ti aviparītatā vijjamānatā, saha bhāvena sabhāvo, aviparīto attano bodhiparipācanakiccasaṅkhāto <a name="M0.0026"></a> raso, anavajjavatthupariccāgādisaṅkhātaṃ lakkhaṇañca <span class="bld">sabhāvarasalakkhaṇaṃ,</span> tato <span class="bld">sammasato. Dhammatejenā</span>ti ñāṇatejena. <span class="bld">Calatā</span>ti calatāya kampanatāya. <span class="bld">Sesī</span>ti sayi. <span class="bld">Mā bhāthā</span>ti mā bhāyittha. <span class="bld">Sabbītiyo</span>ti sabbā ītiyo upaddavā taṃ vivajjantu.</p>
<p class="centered">Sumedhakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pavacchatī</span>ti deti. <span class="bld">Yogenā</span>ti upāyena. <span class="bld">Samiṃsū</span>ti sannipatiṃsu. <span class="bld">Appattamānasā</span>ti appattaarahattā bhikkhū garahitā bhavanti. <span class="bld">Rittā</span>ti suññā antarahitā. <span class="bld">Sālakalyāṇī</span> nāma eko rukkho. Buddhacakkavattikāleyeva kira ekāheneva uppajjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Liṅgasampattī</span>ti purisaliṅgatā. <span class="bld">Hetū</span>ti tihetukapaṭisandhitā. <span class="bld">Guṇasampattī</span>ti abhiññāsamāpattilābhitā. <span class="bld">Adhikāro</span>ti buddhānaṃ sakkārakaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Chandatā</span>ti buddhattappattiyaṃ chandasamāyogo. <span class="bld">Sabbaṅgasampannā</span>ti aṭṭhaṅgāni samodhānetvā katapaṇidhānā. <span class="bld">Pakkhikā</span>ti pīṭhasappikā. <span class="bld">Paṇḍakā</span>ti ubhayaliṅgarahitā. Bodhisattā ca brahmalokūpapattipaṭhamakappikesu kālesu ubhayaliṅgarahitā honti, na pana paṇḍakapariyāpannāti etamatthaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘pariyāpannā na bhavantī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, yathāvuttesu vā dosesu sabbesu <span class="bld">pariyāpannā na bhavanti,</span> bodhisattesu vā pariyāpannā tadantogadhā, paricchinnasaṃsārattā vā pariyāpannā bodhisattā ubhatobyañjanapaṇḍakā na bhavantīti attho. <span class="bld">Sabbattha suddhagocarā</span> yasmā, tasmā <span class="bld">micchādiṭṭhiṃ na sevanti. Micchādiṭṭhi</span>nti natthikāhetukākiriyadiṭṭhiṃ. <span class="bld">Bhavābhave</span>ti khuddake ceva mahante ca bhave. <span class="bld">Bhojaputte</span>ti luddake. <span class="bld">Lagana</span>nti saṅgo. <span class="bld">Aññathā</span>ti līnatā. <span class="bld">Gāmaṇḍalā</span>ti gāmadārakā. <span class="bld">Rūpa</span>nti vippakāraṃ. Ayaṃ tāva nidānakathā yāya abhidhammassa buddhabhāsitatāsiddhīti atthayojanā kātabbā.</p>
<p class="centered">Nidānakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="chapter">1. Cittuppādakaṇḍaṃ</p>
<p class="chapter">Tikamātikāpadavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="M0.0027"></a><a name="V0.0026"></a> paṭiññātakathaṃ kātuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘idāni iti me…pe… kathanokāso sampatto’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Ito paṭṭhāyā</span>ti kusaladhammapadato paṭṭhāya.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1"></a><span class="paranum">1</span>. <span class="bld">Sabbapadehi laddhanāmo</span>ti tīsupi padesu vedanāsaddassa vijjamānattā tena laddhanāmo sabbapadehi laddhanāmo hoti. Nanu sukhāya vedanāya sampayuttā dhammāti cattāri padāni, evaṃ sesesupīti dvādasetāni padāni, na tīṇīti vedanāsaddassa padattayāvayavattaṃ sandhāya ‘‘sabbapadehī’’ti vucceyya, na yuttaṃ. ‘‘Vedanāyā’’ti hi visuṃ padaṃ na kassaci padassa avayavo hoti, nāpi sukhādipadabhāvaṃ bhajatīti tena laddhanāmo kathaṃ sabbapadehi laddhanāmo siyāti? Adhippetappakāratthagamakassa padasamudāyassa padattā. Pajjati avabujjhīyati etenāti hi padaṃ, ‘‘sukhāya vedanāya sampayuttā dhammā’’ti etena ca padasamudāyena yathādhippeto attho samatto viññāyati, tasmā so padasamudāyo ‘‘pada’’nti vuccati. Evaṃ itarepi veditabbā. Tasmā tesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ samudāyānaṃ avayavena laddhanāmo sabbapadehi laddhanāmoti yutto.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ganthato ca atthato cā</span>ti ettha hetupadasahetukapadādīhi sambandhattā ganthato ca hetuatthasahetukatthādīhi sambandhattā atthato ca aññamaññasambandho veditabbo. Sahetukahetusampayuttadukā hi hetuduke hetūhi sambandhattā hetudukasambandhā, hetusahetukaduko hetudukasahetukadukasambandho ubhayekapadavasena. Tathā hetuhetusampayuttaduko hetudukahetusampayuttadukasambandho<a name="V0.0027"></a>, nahetusahetukaduko ekadvipadavasena hetudukasahetukadukasambandhoti. <span class="bld">Kaṇṇikā viyā</span>ti pupphamayakaṇṇikā viya. <span class="bld">Ghaṭā viyā</span>ti pupphahatthakādīsu pupphādīnaṃ samūho viya. Kaṇṇikāghaṭādīsu hi pupphādīni vaṇṭādīhi aññamaññasambandhāni hontīti tathāsambandhatā etesaṃ dukānaṃ vuttā. <span class="bld">Dukasāmaññato</span>ti aññehi hetudukādīhi dukavasena samānabhāvā. <span class="bld">Aññehī</span>ti sārammaṇadukādīhi. Asaṅgahito padeso yesaṃ atthi, te <span class="bld">sappadesā</span>. Yesaṃ pana natthi, te <span class="bld">nippadesā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Kacci <a name="M0.0028"></a> nu bhoto kusala’’nti evaṃ pucchitamevatthaṃ pākaṭaṃ katvā pucchituṃ ‘‘kacci bhoto anāmaya’’nti vuttaṃ, tasmā kusalasaddo anāmayattho hoti. <span class="bld">Bāhitikasutte</span> (ma. ni. 2.361) bhagavato kāyasamācārādayo vaṇṇentena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena ‘‘yo kho, mahārāja, kāyasamācāro anavajjo’’ti kusalo kāyasamācāro vutto. Na hi bhagavato sukhavipākaṃ kammaṃ atthīti sabbasāvajjarahitā kāyasamācārādayo kusalāti vuttā. <span class="bld">Kusalesu dhammesū</span>ti ca bodhipakkhiyadhammā ‘‘kusalā’’ti vuttā. Te ca vipassanāmaggaphalasampayuttā na ekantena sukhavipākāyevāti anavajjattho kusalasaddo. <span class="bld">Aṅgapaccaṅgāna</span>nti kusalasaddayogena bhummatthe sāmivacanaṃ, aṅgapaccaṅgānaṃ vā nāmakiriyāpayojanādīsūti attho. <span class="bld">Naccagītassā</span>ti ca sāmivacanaṃ bhummatthe, naccagītassa visesesūti vā yojetabbaṃ. Kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samādānahetu evamidaṃ puññaṃ pavaḍḍhatīti puññavipākanibbattakakammaṃ ‘‘kusala’’nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Dhammā hontī</span>ti suññadhammattā sabhāvamattā hontīti attho. Evaṃ <span class="bld">dhammesu dhammānupassī</span>ti etthāpi suññatattho dhammasaddo daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Salayanti…pe… viddhaṃsentī</span>ti ettha purimassa purimassa pacchimaṃ pacchimaṃ atthavacanaṃ. Atha vā salanassa atthadīpanāni calanādīni tīṇi tadaṅgappahānādīhi yojetabbāni. Appahīnabhāvena santāne sayamānā akusalā dhammā rāgādiasucisampayogato nānāvidhadukkhahetuto ca <span class="bld">kucchitena ākārena sayanti</span>. Ñāṇavippayuttānampi ñāṇaṃ upanissayapaccayo hotīti sabbepi kusalā dhammā <span class="bld">kusena</span> ñāṇena pavattetabbāti <span class="bld">kusalā</span>. Uppannaṃsānuppannaṃsabhāgesu saṅgahitattā <span class="bld">ubhayabhāgagataṃ saṃkilesapakkhaṃ</span> pahānānuppādanehi <span class="bld">lunanti</span> sammappadhānadvayaṃ viya.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sattādigāhakānaṃ <a name="V0.0028"></a> cittānaṃ gocarā sattādayo viya paññāya upaparikkhiyamānā na nissabhāvā, kintu attano sabhāvaṃ dhārentīti <span class="bld">dhammā</span>. Na ca dhāriyamānasabhāvā añño dhammo nāma atthi. Na hi ruppanādīhi aññe rūpādayo, kakkhaḷādīhi ca aññe pathavīādayo dhammā vijjantīti. Aññathā pana avabodhetuṃ na sakkāti nāmavasena viññātāviññāte sabhāvadhamme aññe viya katvā ‘‘attano sabhāvaṃ dhārentī’’ti <a name="M0.0029"></a> vuttaṃ. Sappaccayadhammesu visesaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘dhārīyanti vā paccayehī’’</span>ti āha. <span class="bld">Dhārīyantī</span>ti upadhārīyanti, lakkhīyantīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Akusalā</span>ti kusalapaṭisedhanamattaṃ kusalābhāvamattavacanaṃ tadaññamattavacanaṃ vā etaṃ na hoti, kintu tappaṭipakkhavacananti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘mittapaṭipakkhā amittā viyā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tappaṭipakkhavacanatā ca abyākatatatiyarāsivacanena viññāyati. Yadi hi kusalābhāvamattavacanaṃ akusalasaddo, tena na koci dhammo vuttoti abyākatavacaneneva ca tatiyo rāsi vutto na siyā, kusalā ceva dhammā abyākatā cāti dukovāyaṃ āpajjati, na tiko, evañca sati akusalavacanena na koci attho. Atha siyā, ‘‘anabyākatā’’ti ca vattabbaṃ siyā kusalānaṃ viya abyākatānañca abhāvamattasambhavā, tasmā abhāvamattavacane abyākatabhāvamattaṃ viya kusalābhāvamattaṃ akusalaṃ na koci rāsīti ‘‘abyākatā’’ti tatiyo rāsi na siyā. Tatiyarāsibhāvena ca abyākatā vuttāti akusalo ca eko rāsīti viññāyati. Tasmā nābhāvavacanatā, sabhāvadhāraṇādiatthena dhammasaddena samānādhikaraṇabhāvato ca akusalasaddassa kusalābhāvamattavacanatā na hoti, nāpi tadaññamattavacanatā tatiyarāsivacanato eva. Yadi hi kusalehi aññe akusalā cetasikehi aññe acetasikā viya, kusalākusalavacanehi sabbesaṃ dhammānaṃ saṅgahitattā asaṅgahitassa tatiyarāsissa abhāvā cetasikaduko viya ayañca duko vattabbo siyā ‘‘kusalā dhammā akusalā dhammā’’ti, na ‘‘abyākatā’’ti tatiyo rāsi vattabbo, vutto ca so, tasmā na tadaññamattavacanaṃ akusalasaddo, pārisesena tappaṭipakkhesu a-kārassa payogadassanato loke ‘‘amittā’’ti sāsane ‘‘alobho’’ti idhāpi tappaṭipakkhavacanatā akusalasaddassa siddhā, tattha niruḷhattā ca na itaravacanatā, tappaṭipakkhabhāvo ca viruddhasabhāvattā tappaheyyabhāvato ca veditabbo, na kusalavināsanato. Na hi kusalā akusalehi pahātabbā, mahābalavatāya pana kusalāyeva payoganipphāditā sadānusayite akusale tadaṅgavikkhambhanasamucchedavasena pajahantīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Na</span> <a name="M0.0030"></a><a name="V0.0029"></a> <span class="bld">byākatā</span>ti akathitā. Kathaṃ panete akathitā honti, nanu ‘‘sukhāya vedanāya sampayuttā’’tiādīhi tikadukapadehi cakkhuviññāṇādivacanehi phassādivacanehi ca kathitāti? No na kathitā, tāni pana vacanāni idha anadhippetāni avuttattā ananuvattanato. Na hi ‘‘sukhāya vedanāya sampayuttā dhammā’’tiādiṃ vatvā ‘‘abyākatā’’ti vuttaṃ, tasmā na tāni idha anuvattantīti tabbacanīyabhāvena akathitatā na hoti, kusalākusalavacanāni pana idha vuttattā anuvattantīti tabbacanīyabhāvena akathitatā ñāyatīti <span class="bld">‘‘kusalākusalabhāvena akathitāti attho’’</span>ti āha. <span class="bld">Na byākatā</span>ti vā avipākā, abyākatavacaneneva ca avipākatthā ñāyanti. Na hi bhagavato vacanaṃ ñāpakasādhanīyaṃ, āsayānusayacariyādikusalena bhagavatā yesaṃ avabodhanatthaṃ dhammā vuttā tesaṃ vacanānantaraṃ tadatthapaṭivedhato, pacchimehi pana yathā tesaṃ avabodhanatthaṃ bhagavatā taṃ taṃ vacanaṃ vuttaṃ, yathā ca tehi tadattho paṭividdho, taṃ sabbaṃ ācariye payirupāsitvā sutvā veditabbaṃ hoti, tasmā kāraṇaṃ avatvā <span class="bld">‘‘kusalākusalabhāvena akathitāti attho’’</span>ti āha. Yo ca vadeyya ‘‘akusalavipākabhāvena akathitattā, kusalā abyākatāti āpajjanti, kusalavipākabhāvena akathitattā akusalāpī’’ti, sopi ‘‘aññāpakasādhanīyavacano bhagavā’’ti nivāretabbo anuvattamānavacanavacanīyabhāvena akathitassa ca abyākatabhāvato. Na hi avipākavacanaṃ vuttaṃ kusalavacanañca avuttaṃ, yato avipākavacanassa adhikatabhāvo kusalassa ca tabbacanīyabhāvena akathitabhāvo siyā, tasmā na kusalānaṃ abyākatatā, evaṃ akusalānañca anabyākatabhāve yojanā kātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā <span class="bld">vi</span>-saddo virodhavacano, <span class="bld">ā</span>-saddo abhimukhabhāvappakāsano, tasmā attano paccayehi aññamaññavirodhābhimukhā katā, lakkhaṇavirodhato vināsakavināsitabbato cāti byākatā, kusalākusalā. Na byākatāti <span class="bld">abyākatā</span>. Te hi lakkhaṇato kusalākusalā viya viruddhā na honti. Na hi avipākatā dukkhavipākatā viya sukhavipākatāya sukhavipākatā viya ca dukkhavipākatāya sukhadukkhavipākatāhi virujjhatīti nāpi te kiñci pajahanti, na ca te kenaci pahātabbāti ayamettha attanomati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anavajjasukhavipākalakkhaṇā</span>ti <a name="M0.0031"></a> ettha natthi etesaṃ avajjanti anavajjā, garahitabbabhāvarahitā niddosāti attho. Tena nesaṃ agarahitabbabhāvaṃ dasseti, na gārayhavirahamattaṃ<a name="V0.0030"></a>. Aññepi atthi niddosā abyākatāti anavajjavacanamattena tesampi kusalatāpattidosaṃ disvā taṃ pariharituṃ sukhavipākavacanaṃ āha. Avajjapaṭipakkhā vā idha anavajjāti vuttā, na <span class="bld">bāhitikasutte</span> (ma. ni. 2.361) viya paṭippassaddhāvajjā virahitāvajjamattā vā, tasmā anavajjavacanena avajjavināsanabhāvo dassito. Abyākatehi pana visiṭṭhaṃ kusalākusalānaṃ sādhāraṇaṃ savipākatālakkhaṇanti tasmiṃ lakkhaṇe visesadassanattaṃ sukhavipākavacanaṃ avoca. Siddho hi purimeneva akusalābyākatehi kusalānaṃ visesoti. Sukho vipāko etesanti sukhavipākā. Tena kusalākusalānaṃ sāmaññe vipākadhammabhāve sukhavipākavipaccanasabhāvaṃ dasseti, na tesaṃ sukhavipākasabbhāvameva. Anavajjā ca te sukhavipākā cāti anavajjasukhavipākā. Kusalā lakkhīyanti etenāti lakkhaṇaṃ, anavajjasukhavipākalakkhaṇaṃ etesanti <span class="bld">anavajjasukhavipākalakkhaṇā</span>. Nanu te eva kusalā anavajjasukhavipākā, kathaṃ te sayameva attano lakkhaṇaṃ hontīti? Viññātāviññātasaddatthabhāvena lakkhaṇalakkhitabbabhāvayuttito. Kusalasaddatthavasena hi aviññātā kusalā lakkhitabbā honti, anavajjasukhavipākasaddatthabhāvena viññātā lakkhaṇanti yuttametaṃ. Atha vā lakkhīyatīti lakkhaṇaṃ, sabhāvo. Anavajjasukhavipākā ca te lakkhaṇañcāti <span class="bld">anavajjasukhavipākalakkhaṇā,</span> anavajjasukhavipākā hutvā lakkhiyamānā sabhāvā kusalā nāmāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā anavajjavacanena anavajjattaṃ āha, sukhavipākavacanena sukhavipākattaṃ, tasmā anavajjañca sukhavipāko ca anavajjasukhavipākaṃ, taṃ lakkhaṇaṃ etesaṃ karaṇatthe ca kammatthe ca lakkhaṇasadde sabhāvabhūtanti <span class="bld">anavajjasukhavipākalakkhaṇā,</span> anavajjasukhavipākasabhāvena lakkhiyamānā taṃsabhāvavanto ca kusalāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha anavajjavacanena pavattisukhataṃ kusalānaṃ dasseti, sukhavipākavacanena vipākasukhataṃ. Purimañhi attano pavattisabhāvavasena lakkhaṇatāvacanaṃ, pacchimaṃ kālantare vipākuppādanasamatthatāyāti. Tathā purimena kusalānaṃ attasuddhiṃ dasseti<a name="M0.0032"></a>, pacchimena visuddhavipākataṃ. Purimena ca kusalaṃ akusalasabhāvato nivatteti, pacchimena abyākatasabhāvato savipākattadīpakattā pacchimassa. Purimena vā vajjapaṭipakkhabhāvadassanato kiccaṭṭhena rasena akusalaviddhaṃsanarasataṃ dīpeti, pacchimena sampattiatthena iṭṭhavipākarasataṃ. Purimena ca upaṭṭhānākāraṭṭhena paccupaṭṭhānena vodānapaccupaṭṭhānataṃ dasseti, pacchimena phalatthena sukhavipākapaccupaṭṭhānataṃ. Purimena ca yonisomanasikāraṃ kusalānaṃ <a name="V0.0031"></a> padaṭṭhānaṃ vibhāveti. Tato hi te anavajjā jātāti. Pacchimena kusalānaṃ aññesaṃ padaṭṭhānabhāvaṃ dasseti. Te hi sukhavipākassa kāraṇaṃ hontīti. Ettha ca sukhavipākasadde sukhasaddo iṭṭhapariyāyavacananti daṭṭhabbo. Iṭṭhacatukkhandhavipākā hi kusalā, na sukhavedanāvipākāva. Saṅkhāradukkhopasamasukhavipākatāya ca sambhavo eva natthi. Na hi taṃvipākoti. Yadi pana vipākasaddo phalapariyāyavacanaṃ, nissandavipākena iṭṭharūpenāpi sukhavipākatā yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sāvajjadukkhavipākalakkhaṇā</span>ti ettha ca vuttavidhianusārena attho ca yojanā ca yathāsambhavaṃ veditabbā. Vipākārahatā kusalākusalānaṃ lakkhaṇabhāvena vuttā, tabbhāvena akathitā abyākatā avipākārahasabhāvā hontīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘avipākalakkhaṇā abyākatā’’</span>ti. Yatheva hi sukhadukkhavipākārahā sukhadukkhavipākāti evaṃlakkhaṇatā kusalākusalānaṃ vuttā, evamidhāpi avipākārahā avipākāti evaṃlakkhaṇatā abyākatānaṃ vuttā. Tasmā ‘‘ahosi kammaṃ nāhosi kammavipāko na bhavissati kammavipāko natthi kammavipāko, atthi kammaṃ natthi kammavipāko na bhavissati kammavipāko, bhavissati kammaṃ na bhavissati kammavipāko’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.234) evaṃpakārānaṃ kusalākusalānaṃ kusalākusalabhāvānāpatti abyākatabhāvāpatti vā na hoti. Na hi te sukhadukkhavipākārahā na honti vipākadhammattā, avipākārahā vā na honti avipākadhammattābhāvāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kusalāti vā dhammāti vātiādīnī</span>ti kusaladhammapadāni dve, akusaladhammapadāni dve, abyākatadhammapadāni dveti. <span class="bld">Ekatthanānatthānī</span>ti visuṃ visuṃ dvinnaṃ dvinnaṃ aññamaññāpekkhaṃ ekatthanānatthataṃ codeti, na channaṃ. Dosamettha vattukāmo codako pucchatīti ñatvā ācariyo āha <span class="bld">‘‘kiñcetthā’’</span>ti. Ettha <a name="M0.0033"></a> ekatthanānatthatāyaṃ kiñci vattabbaṃ asamattā te codanā, avasiṭṭhaṃ tāva brūhīti vuttaṃ hoti. Yadi ekatthāni indasakkasaddānaṃ viya saddamatte eva bhedo, evaṃ kusaladhammasaddānaṃ, na attheti. Yathā ‘‘indo sakko’’ti vutte ‘‘indo indo’’ti vuttasadisaṃ hoti, evaṃ ‘‘kusalā dhammā’’ti idaṃ vacanaṃ ‘‘kusalā kusalā’’ti vuttasadisaṃ hoti. Evaṃ itaresupi ‘‘akusalā akusalā’’ti vuttasadisatā ‘‘abyākatā abyākatā’’ti vuttasadisatā ca yojetabbā. Atha nānatthāni, indakuverasaddānaṃ viya saddato atthato ca kusaladhammasaddānaṃ bhedo, tathā akusaladhammasaddādīnanti chahi padehi catūhi padehi ca cha cattāro <a name="V0.0032"></a> ca atthā bhinnā vuttāti kusalattikādīnaṃ kusalachakkādibhāvo, hetudukādīnañca hetucatukkādibhāvo āpajjatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu tiṇṇaṃ dhammasaddānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ indasaddānaṃ viya rūpābhedā atthābhedoti chakkabhāvo na bhavissati, tasmā evamidaṃ vattabbaṃ siyā ‘‘tikadukānaṃ catukkatikabhāvo āpajjatī’’ti, na vattabbaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ dhammasaddānaṃ ekatthānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ indasaddānaṃ viya vacane payojanābhāvā vuttānaṃ tesaṃ māsasaddānaṃ viya abhinnarūpānañca atthabhedo upapajjatīti, evamapi yathā eko māsasaddo abhinnarūpo kālaṃ aparaṇṇavisesaṃ suvaṇṇamāsañca vadati, evaṃ dhammasaddopi eko bhinne atthe vattumarahatīti kālādīnaṃ māsapadatthatāya viya tabbacanīyabhinnatthānaṃ dhammapadatthatāya abhedoti catukkatikabhāvo eva āpajjatīti, nāpajjati ekassa saddassa jātiguṇakiriyābhinnānaṃ anabhidhānato. Na hi māsa-saddo eko jātibhinnānaṃ kālādīnaṃ antarena sarūpekasesaṃ vācako hoti. Idha ca yadi sarūpekaseso kato siyā, dutiyo tatiyo ca dhamma-saddo na vattabbo siyā, vutto ca so, tasmā kusalādi-saddā viya abhinnakusalādijātīsu rūpasāmaññepi māsa-saddā viya tayo vinivattaaññajātīsu vattamānā tayo dve ca dhamma-saddā āpannāti tikadukānaṃ chakkacatukkabhāvo eva āpajjatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Padānañca asambandho</span>ti kusaladhammapadānaṃ aññamaññaṃ tathā akusaladhammapadānaṃ abyākatadhammapadānañca asambandho āpajjatīti attho. Dvinnaṃ dvinnañhi icchito sambandho, na sabbesaṃ channaṃ catunnaṃ vā aññamaññanti. Idaṃ pana kasmā codeti, nanu nānatthatte sati atthantaradassanatthaṃ vuccamānesu dhamma-saddesu kusalākusalābyākata-saddānaṃ <a name="M0.0034"></a> viya asambandho vutto yutto evāti? Saccametaṃ, asambandhaṃ pana siddhaṃ katvā purimacodanā katā ‘‘tikadukānaṃ chakkacatukkabhāvo āpajjatī’’ti, idha pana taṃ asambandhaṃ sādhetuṃ idaṃ coditanti veditabbaṃ. Atha vā evamettha yojanā kātabbā – yadi pana chakkacatukkabhāvaṃ na icchasi, padānaṃ sambandhena bhavitabbaṃ yathāvuttanayena, so ca samānavibhattīnaṃ dvinnaṃ dvinnaṃ sambandho ekatthatte sati yujjeyya, tvaṃ pana nānatthataṃ vadasīti padānañca te asambandho āpajjati, neva nāpajjatīti. Niyamanattho <span class="bld">ca</span>-saddo. <span class="bld">Pubbāpara…pe… nippayojanāni nāma hontī</span>ti chakkacatukkabhāvaṃ anicchantassa, nānatthataṃ pana icchantassāti adhippāyo. Avassañca sambandho icchitabbo pubbāparavirodhāpattitoti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yāpi cesā’’</span>tiādimāha. Pucchā hi padavipallāsakaraṇena <a name="V0.0033"></a> dhammā eva kusalāti kusaladhamma-saddānaṃ idha uddiṭṭhānaṃ ekatthataṃ dīpeti, tava ca nānatthataṃ vadantassa neva hi dhammā kusalāti katvā tāyapi pucchāya virodho āpajjati, vuccati ca tathā sā pucchāti na nānatthatā yujjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aparo nayo</span>ti ‘‘kusalā dhammā’’tiādīnaṃ dvinnaṃ dvinnaṃ ekatthattameva tiṇṇaṃ dhammasaddānaṃ ekatthanānatthattehi codeti. <span class="bld">Tiṇṇaṃ dhammānaṃ ekattā</span>tiādimhi yathā tīhi inda-saddehi vuccamānānaṃ indatthānaṃ indabhāvena ekattā tato anaññesaṃ sakkapurindadasahassakkhasaddatthānaṃ ekattaṃ, evaṃ tiṇṇaṃ dhamma-saddatthānaṃ dhammabhāvena ekattā tato anaññesaṃ kusalākusalābyākata-saddatthānaṃ ekattaṃ āpajjatīti attho. <span class="bld">Dhammo nāma bhāvo</span>ti sabhāvadhāraṇādinā atthena dhammoti vutto, so ca sabhāvasseva hoti, nāsabhāvassāti iminā adhippāyena vadati. Hotu bhāvo, tato kinti? Yadi tiṇṇaṃ dhammasaddānaṃ nānatthatā, tīsu dhammesu yo koci eko dhammo bhāvo, tato anaññaṃ kusalaṃ akusalaṃ abyākataṃ vā ekekameva bhāvo. Bhāvabhūtā pana dhammā aññe dve abhāvā hontīti tehi anaññe kusalādīsu dve ye keci abhāvā. Yopi ca so eko dhammo bhāvoti gahito, sopi samānarūpesu tīsu dhammasaddesu ayameva bhāvattho hotīti niyamassa abhāvā aññassa bhāvatthatte sati abhāvo hotīti tato anaññassapi abhāvattaṃ āpannanti kusalādīnaṃ sabbesampi abhāvattāpatti hoti. Na hi indassa amanussatte tato anaññesaṃ sakkādīnaṃ manussattaṃ atthīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu <a name="M0.0035"></a> evamapi ekassa bhāvattaṃ vinā aññesaṃ abhāvattaṃ na sakkā vattuṃ, tattha ca ekeneva bhāvena bhavitabbanti niyamābhāvato tiṇṇampi bhāvatte siddhe tehi anaññesaṃ kusalādīnampi bhāvattaṃ siddhaṃ hotīti? Na hoti tiṇṇaṃ dhamma-saddānaṃ nānatthabhāvassa anuññātattā. Na hi tiṇṇaṃ bhāvatte nānatthatā atthi, anuññātā ca sā tayāti. Nanu tiṇṇaṃ dhammānaṃ abhāvattepi nānatthatā na siyāti? Mā hotu nānatthatā, tava pana nānatthataṃ paṭijānantassa ‘‘eso doso’’ti vadāmi, na pana mayā nānatthatā ekatthatā vā anuññātāti kuto me virodho siyāti. Atha vā <span class="bld">abhāvattaṃ āpannehi dhammehi anaññe kusalādayopi abhāvā eva siyu</span>nti idaṃ vacanaṃ aniyamena ye keci dve dhammā abhāvattaṃ āpannā, tehi anaññesaṃ kusalādīsu yesaṃ kesañci dvinnaṃ kusalādīnaṃ abhāvattāpattiṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ <a name="V0.0034"></a> ekassa bhāvattā. Yampi vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tehi ca añño kusalaparopi abhāvo siyā’’</span>ti, taṃ aniyamadassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ, na sabbesaṃ abhāvasādhanatthaṃ. Ayañhi tattha attho akusalaparassa vā abyākataparassa vā dhammassa bhāvatte sati tehi añño kusalaparopi abhāvo siyāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sabbametaṃ akāraṇa</span>nti ettha kāraṇaṃ nāma yutti. Kusalakusalasaddānaṃ viya ekantaekatthataṃ, kusalarūpacakkhuma-saddānaṃ viya ekantanānatthatañca vikappetvā yāyaṃ punarutti chakkacatukkāpatti asambandhavirodhābhāvāpatti dosāropanayutti vuttā, sabbā sā ayutti, tathā ekatthanānatthatābhāvatoti vuttaṃ hoti. Yā yā anumati <span class="bld">yathānumati</span> anumatiyā anumatiyā vohārasiddhito. Anumatiyā anurūpaṃ vā <span class="bld">yathānumati,</span> yathā anumati pavattā, tathā tadanurūpaṃ vohārasiddhitoti attho. Anumati hi visesanavisesitabbābhāvato accantamabhinnesu katthaci kiriyāguṇādipariggahavisesena avivaṭasaddatthavivaraṇatthaṃ pavattā yathā ‘‘sakko indo purindado’’ti. Katthaci accantaṃ bhinnesu yathā ‘‘dhavo khadiro palāso ca ānīyantū’’ti. Katthaci visesanavisesitabbabhāvato bhedābhedavantesu seyyathāpi ‘‘nīluppalaṃ paṇḍitapuriso’’ti, tāya tāya anumatiyā tadanurūpañca te te vohārā siddhā. Tasmā ihāpi kusaladhamma-saddānaṃ visesanavisesitabbabhāvato visesatthasāmaññatthapariggahena samāne atthe bhedābhedayutte pavatti anumatāti <a name="M0.0036"></a> tāya tāya anumatiyā tadanurūpañca siddho eso vohāro. Tasmā vuttaṃ ‘‘sabbametaṃ akāraṇa’’nti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Attano attano atthavisesaṃ tassa dīpentī</span>ti attanā pariggahitaṃ attanā vuccamānaṃ anavajjasukhavipākādikusalādibhāvaṃ dhamma-saddassa dīpenti tadatthassa tabbhāvadīpanavasenāti adhippāyo. Na hi dhamma-saddo kusalādibhāvo hotīti. <span class="bld">Imināvā</span>ti ‘‘dhamma-saddo pariyattiādīsu dissatī’’tiādinā ‘‘attano sabhāvaṃ dhārentī’’tiādinā ca nayena. So hi sabbattha samāno, na kusala-saddo ārogyādīsu dissatīti ‘‘kucchite salayantī’’tiādiko, so ca visesanayo ‘‘ito paraṃ visesamattameva vakkhāmā’’ti etena apanītoti daṭṭhabbo. Na hi kusalādivisesaṃ gahetvā pavattā sukhāya vedanāya sampayuttātiādayo visesāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para2"></a><span class="paranum">2</span>. <span class="bld">Sukhassa ca pahānā</span>ti ettha sukhindriyaṃ ‘‘sukha’’nti vuttaṃ, tañca sukhavedanāva hotīti <a name="V0.0035"></a> <span class="bld">‘‘sukhavedanāyaṃ dissatī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, na pana ‘‘tisso imā, bhikkhave, vedanā sukhā vedanā’’tievamādīsu (saṃ. ni. 4.249 ādayo) sukha-saddo viya sukhavedanāsaddena samānatthattā. Ayañhi sukhindriyattho sukha-saddo kāyasukhanaṃ kāyānuggahaṃ sātavisesaṃ gahetvā pavatto, na pana sukhā vedanā ‘‘yaṃ kiñci vedanaṃ vedeti sukhaṃ vā (ma. ni. 1.409), yo sukhaṃ dukkhato’’tievamādīsu (saṃ. ni. 4.253) sukha-saddo viya sātasāmaññaṃ gahetvā pavattoti. Yasmiṃ sati sukhahetūnaṃ pavatti, taṃ sukhamūlaṃ. Buddhuppāde ca kāmasamatikkamādike virāge ca sati sukhahetūnaṃ puññapassaddhiādīnaṃ pavatti hotīti taṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sukhamūlaṃ sukha’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Sukhassa ca ārammaṇattā <span class="bld">‘‘rūpaṃ sukha’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Puññānī</span>ti yadidaṃ vacanaṃ, taṃ <span class="bld">sukhassa ca adhivacanaṃ</span> iṭṭhavipākassa adhivacanaṃ tadatthassa iṭṭhavipākavipaccanatoti attho. <span class="bld">Sukhapaccayānaṃ</span> rūpādīnaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ <span class="bld">ṭhānaṃ</span> okāso saggā nandanañcāti <span class="bld">‘‘sukhā saggā sukhaṃ nandana’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Diṭṭhadhamme</span>ti imasmiṃ attabhāve. <span class="bld">Sukhavihārā</span>ti paṭhamajjhānavihārādī. Nīvaraṇādibyābādharahitattā <span class="bld">‘‘abyābajjhā’’</span>ti vuttā. Sabbasaṅkhāradukkhanibbāpanato taṃnirodhattā vā <span class="bld">‘‘nibbānaṃ sukha’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena ‘‘adukkhamasukhaṃ santaṃ, sukhamicceva bhāsita’’nti adukkhamasukhe. ‘‘Dvepi mayā, ānanda, <a name="M0.0037"></a> vedanā vuttā pariyāyena sukhā vedanā dukkhā vedanā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.267) sukhopekkhāsu ca iṭṭhāsūti evamādīsu pavatti saṅgahitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dukkhavatthū</span>ti dukkhassa okāso. Attano paccayehi uppajjamānampi hi taṃ dukkhaṃ jātiādīsu vijjamānesu tabbatthukaṃ hutvā uppajjati. <span class="bld">Dukkhapaccaye</span>ti dukkhahetumhi, dukkhassa janaketi attho. <span class="bld">Dukkhapaccayaṭṭhāne</span>ti dukkhajanakakammassa sahāyabhūtānaṃ aniṭṭharūpādipaccayānaṃ ṭhāne. Paccayasaddo hi janake janakasahāye ca pavattatīti. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena ‘‘yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkha’’ntiādinā (saṃ. ni. 3.15, 45-46, 76) saṅkhāradukkhādīsu pavatti daṭṭhabbā. Sampayutte vatthuñca karajakāyaṃ sukhayati laddhassāde anuggahite karotīti <span class="bld">sukhā</span>. Sukhāti vedanāsaddamapekkhitvā sukhabhāvamattassa appakāsanena napuṃsakaliṅgatā na katā. Sabhāvato saṅkappato ca yaṃ iṭṭhaṃ, tadanubhavanaṃ iṭṭhākārānubhavanaṃ vā <span class="bld">iṭṭhānubhavanaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sama</span>nti avisamaṃ. Samā ekībhāvūpagatā viya yuttā, samaṃ vā saha yuttāti yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Ekuppādā</span>ti eko samāno uppādo etesanti <span class="bld">ekuppādā,</span> samānapaccayehi sahuppattikāti <a name="V0.0036"></a> attho. Sahuppattikānaṃ rūpārūpānañca aññamaññasampayuttatā āpajjeyyāti <span class="bld">‘‘ekanirodhā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, ye samānuppādā samānanirodhā ca, te sampayuttāti rūpārūpānaṃ aññamaññasampayogo nivārito hoti. Evamapi avinibbhogarūpānaṃ aññamaññasampayuttatā āpajjeyyāti <span class="bld">‘‘ekavatthukā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, ye ekuppādā ekanirodhā ekavatthukā ca, te sampayuttāti. Evamapi avinibbhogarūpesu ekaṃ mahābhūtaṃ sesamahābhūtopādārūpānaṃ nissayapaccayo hotīti tena tāni ekavatthukānīti, cakkhādinissayabhūtāni vā bhūtāni ekaṃ vatthu etesu sannissitanti ekavatthukānīti kappentassa tesaṃ sampayuttatāpatti siyāti tannivāraṇatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ekārammaṇā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, ye ekuppādā…pe… ekārammaṇā ca honti, te sampayuttāti. Paṭilomato vā <span class="bld">ekārammaṇā</span>ti vutte ekavīthiyañca pañcaviññāṇasampaṭicchanānaṃ nānāvīthiyaṃ parasantāne ca ekasmiṃ ārammaṇe uppajjamānānaṃ bhinnavatthukānaṃ sampayuttatā āpajjeyyāti <span class="bld">‘‘ekavatthukā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, ye ekavatthukā hutvā ekārammaṇā, te sampayuttāti. Evamapi sampaṭicchanasantīraṇādīnaṃ sampayuttatā āpajjeyyāti <span class="bld">‘‘ekanirodhā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, ye ekanirodhā <a name="M0.0038"></a> hutvā ekavatthukā ekārammaṇā, te sampayuttāti. Kiṃ pana nānuppādāpi evaṃ tividhalakkhaṇā honti, atha ekuppādā evāti vicāraṇāya ekuppādā eva evaṃ tividhalakkhaṇā hontīti dassanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ekuppādā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para3"></a><span class="paranum">3</span>. <span class="bld">Vipakkabhāvamāpannānaṃ arūpadhammāna</span>nti yathā sālibījādīnaṃ phalāni taṃsadisāni nibbattāni vipakkāni nāma honti, vipākaniruttiñca labhanti, na mūlaṅkurapattakhandhanāḷāni, evaṃ kusalākusalānaṃ phalāni arūpadhammabhāvena sārammaṇabhāvena sukkakaṇhādibhāvena ca taṃsadisāni vipakkabhāvamāpannānīti vipākaniruttiṃ labhanti, na rūpadhammā kammanibbattāpi kammāsadisāti dassetuṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Jātijarāsabhāvā</span>ti jāyanajīraṇasabhāvā. <span class="bld">Vipākapakatikā</span>ti vipaccanapakatikā. Vipaccanasabhāvatā ca anupacchinnāvijjātaṇhāmānasantāne sabyāpāratā, tena abhiññādikusalānaṃ bhāvanāyapahātabbādiakusalānañca vipākānuppādanepi vipākadhammatā siddhā hoti. <span class="bld">Vipakkabhāva</span>nti cettha <span class="bld">bhāva</span>-saddena sabhāvo eva vutto. Taṃ yathāvuttaṃ vipakkasabhāvaṃ dutiyassa vuttaṃ vipaccanasabhāvañca gahetvā <span class="bld">‘‘ubhayasabhāvapaṭikkhepavasenā’’</span>ti āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para4"></a><span class="paranum">4</span>. <span class="bld">Upetena ādinnā upādinnā</span>. Kiṃ pana taṃ upetaṃ, kena ca upetaṃ, kathañca upetaṃ, ke ca tena ādinnāti? Sati ca lokuttarānaṃ kesañci ārammaṇabhāve tannivattanatthaṃ upetasaddasambandhinā <a name="V0.0037"></a> upaya-saddena vuccamānāhi catubbidhupādānabhūtāhi taṇhādiṭṭhīhi upetaṃ, tehi ca ārammaṇakaraṇavasena upetaṃ, na samannāgamavasena. Sati ca sabbatebhūmakadhammānaṃ upādānārammaṇatte yehi vipākakaṭattārūpāni amhehi nibbattattā amhākaṃ etāni phalānīti gaṇhantehi viya ādinnāni, tāni tebhūmakakammāni kammabhāvena ekattaṃ upanetvā upetanti idha gahitāni. Tehi ca nibbattāni vipākakaṭattārūpāni upādinnā dhammāti sabbametaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ārammaṇakaraṇavasenā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Ayañca atthanayo yathāsambhavaṃ yojetabbo, na vacanānupubbenāti. Etthāha – yadi ārammaṇakaraṇavasena taṇhādiṭṭhīhi upetena ādinnā upādinnā, sabbatebhūmakadhammā ca taṇhādīnaṃ ārammaṇā honti, na ca upetasaddo kamme eva niruḷho, tena kammasseva gahaṇe kāraṇaṃ natthi, tasmā sabbatebhūmakadhammapaccayuppannānaṃ <a name="M0.0039"></a> avijjādihetūhi nibbattānaṃ saṅkhārādiphalānaṃ upādinnattaṃ āpajjati tesampi tehiphalabhāvena gahitattā. <span class="bld">Upa</span>-saddena ca upetatāmattaṃ jotitaṃ, na ārammaṇakaraṇaṃ samannāgamanivattakaṃ, <span class="bld">ādinna</span>-saddena ca gahitatāmattaṃ vuttaṃ, na kammasamuṭṭhānatāviseso. Tasmā sabbapaccayuppannānaṃ upādinnattaṃ āpajjatīti? Nāpajjati bodhaneyyajjhāsayavasena desanāpavattito. Yesañhi bodhanatthaṃ ‘‘upādinnā’’ti etaṃ vuttaṃ, te teneva vacanena yathāvuttappakāre dhamme bujjhiṃsu, etarahi pana tāvatā bujjhituṃ asakkontena sutvā tadattho veditabboti esā atthavibhāvanā katā <span class="bld">‘‘kammunā’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ pana aparo attho daṭṭhabbo – upa-saddo upetaṃ dīpeti. Ayañhi upa-saddo samāse payujjamāno ‘‘atimālā’’tiādīsu ati-saddo viya atikkamanaṃ sasādhanaṃ upagamanaṃ sasādhanaṃ vadati, upagamanañca upādānaupayo, tena upagataṃ upetaṃ. Kiṃ pana tanti? Yaṃ asati upādāne na hoti, taṃ ‘‘upādānapaccayā bhavo’’ti evaṃ vuttaṃ tebhūmakakammaṃ paccayabhāvena purimajātuppannena upādānena upagatattā ‘‘upeta’’nti vuccati. Na hi koci anupaggamma anicchanto kammaṃ karotīti. Tena <span class="bld">upetena kammunā</span> punabbhavassa ādānaṃ hoti. Kammunā hi sāsavena sattā ādiyanti punabbhavaṃ, tasmā ādātabbabhāvena pākaṭo punabbhavo. So ca upapattibhavo tebhūmakavipākakaṭattārūpasaṅgaho ‘‘bhavapaccayā jātī’’ti ettha jātivacane samavaruddhoti upādinnavacanena upapattibhavo vuccati, upapattibhavo ca tebhūmakavipākakaṭattārūpānīti dhātukathāyaṃ pakāsitametaṃ. Tasmā <span class="bld">upetena ādinnā</span>ti te eva dhammā vuccantīti siddho ayamatthoti. Upādinna-saddassa atthaṃ vatvā taṃ vissajjetvā upādāniya-saddassa <a name="V0.0038"></a> visuṃ upādinnasaddānapekkhaṃ atthaṃ vattuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ārammaṇabhāvaṃ upagantvā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tasmā eva avisesetvā <span class="bld">‘‘upādānassa ārammaṇapaccayabhūtānametaṃ adhivacana’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Taṃ pana upādāniyaṃ upādinnaṃ anupādinnanti duvidhaṃ. Tasmā taṃ visesanena dassento <span class="bld">‘‘upādinnā ca te upādāniyā cā’’</span>tiādimāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para5"></a><span class="paranum">5</span>. <span class="bld">Saṃkileso</span>ti dasa kilesavatthūni vuccanti. <span class="bld">Saṃkiliṭṭhā</span>ti tehi vibādhitā upatāpitā ca. Te pana yasmā saṃkilesasampayuttā ekuppādādīhi ninnānattā ekībhāvamiva gatā visādīhi viya sappiādayo vidūsitā <a name="M0.0040"></a> malīnā vibādhitā upatāpitā ca nāma honti, tasmā āha <span class="bld">‘‘saṃkilesena samannāgatā saṃkiliṭṭhā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Saṃkilesaṃ arahantī</span>ti saṃkilesassa ārammaṇabhāvena taṃ laddhuṃ arahantīti attho. <span class="bld">Ārammaṇabhāvānatikkamanato</span>ti etena saṃkilesānatikkamanameva dasseti, vatthayugikasuṅkasālikasaddānaṃ viya saṃkilesika-saddassa pavatti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para6"></a><span class="paranum">6</span>. Saha vitakkena hontīti vacanaseso yojetabbo avuccamānassapi bhavati-atthassa viññāyamānattā. <span class="bld">Mattā</span>ti pamāṇavācakaṃ ekaṃ padanti gahetvā <span class="bld">‘‘vicārova mattā etesa’’</span>nti attho vutto. Aññattha avippayogīsu vitakkavicāresu vicārova etesaṃ mattā, tato uddhaṃ vitakkena sampayogaṃ na gacchantīti attho. Ayamaparo attho – matta-saddo visesanivattiattho. Savitakkasavicārā dhammā hi vitakkavisiṭṭhena vicārena savicārā, ete pana vicāramattena vitakkasaṅkhātavisesarahitena, tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘vicāramattā’’</span>ti vuccanti, vicāramattavantoti attho. Vicāramattavacanena avitakkatte siddhe avitakkānaṃ aññesampi atthibhāvajotanatthaṃ avitakkavacanaṃ. Avitakkā hi vicāramattā ca santi avicārā cāti nivattetabbā gahetabbā ca honti, tesu avuccamānesu nivattetabbagahetabbassa adassitattā vicāramattāvaavitakkāti āpajjeyyāti. Visesanavisesitabbabhāvo pana yathākāmaṃ hotīti sāmaññena avitakkabhāvena saha vicāramattatāya dhammavisesanabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘avitakkavicāramattā’’</span>ti padānukkamo kato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā savicārā duvidhā savitakkā avitakkā ca, tesu avitakke nivattetuṃ ādipadaṃ vuttaṃ. Avicārā ca duvidhā savitakkā avitakkā ca, tesu savitakke nivattetuṃ tatiyapadaṃ <a name="V0.0039"></a> vuttaṃ. Ye pana dvīhipi nivattitā avitakkā savitakkā ca savicārā avicārā ca, tesu aññataradassanaṃ vā kattabbaṃ siyā ubhayadassanaṃ vā. Ubhayadassane kariyamāne yadi ‘‘savitakkasavicārā’’ti vucceyya, ādipadatthatāva āpajjati. Atha ‘‘avitakkaavicārā’’ti vucceyya, antapadatthatā. Atha pana ‘‘avitakkasavicārā savitakkaavicārā’’ti vucceyya, ajjhattabahiddhānaṃ viya atthantarābhāvo vā saṅkaradoso vā ekasseva savitakkāvitakkatāsavicārāvicāratāvirodho vā āpajjeyya, tasmā <a name="M0.0041"></a> aññataradassanena itarampi pakāsetuṃ avitakkavacanena dvippakāresu vattabbesu savitakkaavicāre nivattetvā avitakkasavicāre dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘avitakkavicāramattā’’</span>ti. Atha vā vitakkābhāvena ete vicāramattā, na vicārato aññassa kassaci dhammassa abhāvāti dassetuṃ avitakkavacanena vicāramattā visesitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para7"></a><span class="paranum">7</span>. <span class="bld">Upekkhatī</span>ti vedayamānāpi majjhattavedanā sukhākāre dukkhākāre ca udāsinā hotīti attho. Atha vā upetā yuttā sukhadukkhānaṃ aviruddhā ikkhā anubhavanaṃ <span class="bld">upekkhā. Visesadassanavasenā</span>ti nānattadassanavasena. Yadi hi pītisahagatā eva sukhasahagatā siyuṃ, ‘‘pītisahagatā’’ti eteneva siddhattā ‘‘sukhasahagatā’’ti idaṃ na vattabbaṃ siyā, ‘‘sukhasahagatā’’ti vā vuccamāne ‘‘pītisahagatā’’ti na vattabbaṃ, tato tikaṃ pūrentena dukkhasahagatapadaṃ vattabbaṃ siyā, evañca sati ‘‘vedanāttiko evāya’’nti vuttavacanaṃ āpajjati, tasmā ‘‘pītisahagatā’’ti vatvā ‘‘sukhasahagatā’’ti vadanto pītivippayuttampi sukhaṃ atthīti tatiyajjhānakāyaviññāṇasampayuttaṃ sukhaṃ sappītikasukhato bhinnaṃ katvā dassetīti adhippāyo. Atha vā pītisukhānaṃ dubbiññeyyanānattānaṃ nānattadassanatthaṃ ayaṃ tiko vutto. ‘‘Pītisahagatā’’ti ettha hi sukhekadeso saṅgahito, na pīti. ‘‘Sukhasahagatā’’ti ettha pīti saṅgahitā, na sukhaṃ. Pītivippayuttasukhasahagatā ca purimena asaṅgahitā pacchimena saṅgahitāti siddho pītisukhānaṃ visesoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para8"></a><span class="paranum">8</span>. <span class="bld">Nibbānaṃ dassanato</span>ti nibbānārammaṇataṃ sandhāyāha. Atha vā dhammacakkhu punappunaṃ nibbattanena bhāvanābhāvaṃ appattaṃ dassanaṃ nāma, dhammacakkhu ca pariññādikiccakaraṇena catusaccadhammadassanaṃ tadatisayo, tasmā natthettha gotrabhussa dassanabhāvāpattīti. <span class="bld">Ubhayapaṭikkhepavasenā</span>ti dvīhi padehi vuttadhammapaṭikkhepavasena, na pahāyakapaṭikkhepavasena. Tathā <a name="V0.0040"></a> hi sati dassanabhāvanāhi añño samucchedavasena pahāyako atthi, tena pahātabbā neva dassanena na bhāvanāya pahātabbāti ayamattho āpajjati, na ca añño pahāyako atthi aññehi vikkhambhitānañca punappavattisabbhāvā, nāpi pahātabbā tatiyapadena saṅgayhanti, kintu <a name="M0.0042"></a> appahātabbā evāti. Tasmā pahātabbapadaṃ paccekaṃ yojetvā neva dassanena pahātabbā na bhāvanāya pahātabbāti dassanena bhāvanāya pahātabbehi aññe gahitāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para9"></a><span class="paranum">9</span>. <span class="bld">Evamatthaṃ aggahetvā</span>ti atthāyuttito ca saddāyuttito ca aggahetabbataṃ dasseti. Dassanabhāvanāhi appahātabbahetumattesu hi gayhamānesu ahetukā asaṅgahitāti yathādhippetassa atthassa aparipuṇṇattā atthāyutti, pahātabbasaddassa niccasāpekkhatte ca sati na sambandhīsaddato pahāyakato aññaṃ paṭisedhaṃ apekkhamānassa hetusaddena samāso upapajjatīti saddāyutti ca veditabbā. <span class="bld">Evamattho gahetabbo</span>ti pahātabba-saddaṃ paṭisedhena ayojetvā yesaṃ aññapadatthe samāso, tabbisesanaṃ atthīti idaṃ paṭisedhena yojetvā dassanabhāvanāhi pahātabbo hetu etesaṃ nevatthīti attho gahetabboti vuttaṃ hoti. Evañca sati yathādhippetattho sabbo saṅgahitoti. Atthāyutti mā hotu, saddo pana idhāpi na yutto. Ekantayogīnaṃ atthi-saddameva hi apekkhamānānaṃ ubhinnaṃ pahātabbahetu-saddānaṃ samāso yutto, na paṭisedhaṃ apekkhamānānanti, tasmā gahetabbatthadassanamattaṃ etaṃ kataṃ, saddo pana yathā yujjati, tathā yojetabbo. Evaṃ pana yujjati – pahātabbo hetu etesaṃ atthīti pahātabbahetukā. Kena pahātabboti? Dassanena bhāvanāya ca. Tayidaṃ pahātabbahetukapadaṃ dassanabhāvanāpadehi visuṃ visuṃ yojetvā tehi yuttena ye dassanena pahātabbahetukā neva honti, bhāvanāya pahātabbahetukā ca na hontīti paṭisedhañca visuṃ visuṃ yojetvā te neva dassanena na bhāvanāya pahātabbahetukāti vuccanti. Nevavipākanavipākadhammadhammavacanaṃ viya hi purimapadadvayasaṅgahitadhammapaṭisedhanena tadaññadhammanidassanametaṃ hoti, na ahetukapadaṃ viya hetuvirahappakāsanenāti. Evañca katvā dve paṭisedhā yuttā honti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Hetuyeva hi tesaṃ natthi, yo dassanabhāvanāhi pahātabbo siyā</span>ti purimasmiñhi atthe hetūnaṃ dassanabhāvanāhi pahātabbatā paṭikkhittā, paṭikkhepo ca pahātabbāsaṅkāsabbhāve hoti, pahātabbāsaṅkā ca hetumhi sati siyā, tesaṃ pana ahetukānaṃ hetuyeva natthi, yo dassanabhāvanāhi pahātabbo siyā, tadabhāvā pahātabbāsaṅkā <a name="M0.0043"></a> natthīti taṃnivāraṇattho paṭikkhepo na sambhavati, tasmā ‘‘nevadassanena na bhāvanāya pahātabbo hetu etesa’’nti evaṃ ahetukānaṃ gahaṇaṃ na <a name="V0.0041"></a> bhaveyyāti attho. Atha vā <span class="bld">itarathā hi ahetukānaṃ aggahaṇaṃ bhaveyyā</span>ti atthassa pākaṭattā na kāraṇasādhanīyo esoti gahetabbatthasseva kāraṇaṃ vadanto <span class="bld">‘‘hetuyeva hi tesaṃ natthī’’</span>tiādimāha. Tesañhi nevadassanena na bhāvanāyapahātabbahetukapadavacanīyānaṃ yo dassanabhāvanāhi pahātabbo siyā, so evaṃpakāro hetu natthi. Te hi anekappakārā sahetukā ahetukā cāti, tasmā nevadassanena na bhāvanāya pahātabbo hetu etesaṃ atthīti ayamattho gahetabboti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para10"></a><span class="paranum">10</span>. <span class="bld">Taṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā</span>ti idaṃ catukiccasādhanavasena ārammaṇakaraṇaṃ sandhāya vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Aññathā gotrabhuphalapaccavekkhaṇādīnampi apacayagāmitā āpajjeyyāti. Atha vā hetubhāvena apacayaṃ nibbānaṃ gacchantīti <span class="bld">apacayagāmino</span>. Nibbānassa hi anibbattaniyattepi samudayappahānasamudayanirodhānaṃ adhigamaadhigantabbabhāvato hetuhetuphalabhāvo magganibbānānaṃ yujjati. Yathāha ‘‘dukkhanirodhe ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā’’ti (vibha. 719). <span class="bld">Attho</span>ti hi hetuphalaṃ. <span class="bld">Dhammo</span>ti hetūti. Purimapacchimānaṃ purime sasampayuttā vuttā, pacchime kevalā. Purime viya pana pacchime atthepi ariyamaggasīsena sabbalokuttarakusalacittuppādā gahetabbā. Dutiye atthavikappe ‘‘ācayaṃ gāmino’’ti vattabbe anunāsikalopo katoti daṭṭhabbo. Ācinantīti vā ācayā, ācayā hutvā gacchanti pavattantītipi attho daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para11"></a><span class="paranum">11</span>. Satta pana sekkhā sikkhanasīlāti sekkhā, tesaṃ imeti <span class="bld">sekkhā,</span> aññāsādhāraṇā maggaphalattayadhammā. <span class="bld">Sayameva sikkhantī</span>ti sikkhanasīlānametaṃ nidassanaṃ. Ye hi dhammā sikkhanti, te sikkhanasīlā hontīti. Akkharattho pana sikkhā etesaṃ sīlanti sekkhāti. <span class="bld">Na sekkhā</span>ti yattha sekkhabhāvāsaṅkā atthi, tatthāyaṃ paṭisedhoti lokiyanibbānesu <a name="M0.0044"></a> asekkhabhāvānāpatti daṭṭhabbā. Sīlasamādhipaññāsaṅkhātā hi sikkhā attano paṭipakkhakilesehi vippamuttā parisuddhā upakkilesānaṃ ārammaṇabhāvampi anupagamanato etā sikkhāti vattuṃ yuttā aṭṭhasu maggaphalesu vijjanti, tasmā catumaggaheṭṭhimaphalattayadhammā viya arahattaphaladhammāpi tāsu sikkhāsu jātāti ca, taṃsikkhāsamaṅgino arahato itaresaṃ viya sekkhatte sati sekkhassa eteti ca, sikkhā sīlaṃ etesanti ca sekkhāti āsaṅkitabbā siyunti tadāsaṅkānivattanatthaṃ ‘‘asekkhā’’ti <a name="V0.0042"></a> yathāvuttasekkhabhāvapaṭisedho kato. Arahattaphale hi pavattamānā sikkhā pariniṭṭhitasikkhākiccattā na sikkhākiccaṃ karonti, kevalaṃ sikkhāphalabhāveneva pavattanti, tasmā tā na sikkhāvacanaṃ arahanti, nāpi taṃsamaṅgino sekkhavacanaṃ, na ca taṃsampayuttā sikkhanasīlāti sikkhāsu jātātiādiatthehi aggaphaladhammā sekkhā na honti, heṭṭhimaphalesu pana sikkhā sakadāgāmimaggavipassanādīnaṃ upanissayabhāvato sikkhākiccaṃ karontīti sikkhāvacanaṃ arahanti, taṃsamaṅgino ca sekkhavacanaṃ, taṃsampayuttā ca sikkhanasīlavuttīti tattha dhammā yathāvuttehi atthehi sekkhā honti eva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sekkhā</span>ti vā apariyositasikkhā dassitā. Anantarameva ‘‘asekkhā’’ti vacanaṃ pariyositasikkhānaṃ dassananti na lokiyanibbānānaṃ asekkhatāpatti. <span class="bld">Vuddhippattā vā sekkhā</span>ti etasmiṃ atthe sekkhadhammesu eva kesañci vuddhippattānaṃ asekkhatā āpajjati, tena arahattamaggadhammā vuddhippattā ca yathāvuttehi ca atthehi sekkhāti katvā asekkhā āpannāti? Na, taṃsadisesu tabbohārā. Arahattamaggato hi ninnānākaraṇaṃ arahattaphalaṃ ṭhapetvā pariññādikiccakaraṇaṃ vipākabhāvañca, tasmā te eva sekkhā dhammā arahattaphalabhāvaṃ āpannāti sakkā vattuṃ, kusalasukhato ca vipākasukhaṃ santataratāya paṇītataranti vuddhippattā ca te dhammā hontīti <span class="bld">asekkhā</span>ti vuccantīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para12"></a><span class="paranum">12</span>. Kilesavikkhambhanāsamatthatādīhi <span class="bld">parittā</span>. ‘‘Kilesa…pe… tāyā’’ti atthattayampi kusalesu yujjati, vipākakiriyesu dīghasantānatāva. Pamāṇakarehi vā oḷārikehi kāmataṇhādīhi paricchinnā <span class="bld">parittā</span>. Tehi aparicchinnattā sukhumehi rūpataṇhādīhi paricchinnā pamāṇamahattaṃ gatāti <span class="bld">mahaggatā</span>. Aparicchinnā <span class="bld">appamāṇā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para14"></a><span class="paranum">14</span>. <span class="bld">Atappakaṭṭhenā</span>ti <a name="M0.0045"></a> divasampi paccavekkhiyamānā lokuttaradhammā tittiṃ na janenti samāpajjiyamānāpi phaladhammāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para15"></a><span class="paranum">15</span>. Mātughātādīsu pavattamānāpi hitasukhaṃ icchantāva pavattantīti te dhammā hitasukhāvahā me bhavissantīti āsīsitā honti, tathā asubhāsukhāniccānattesu subhādivipariyāsadaḷhatāya ānantariyakammaniyatamicchādiṭṭhīsu pavatti hotīti te dhammā asubhādīsu <a name="V0.0043"></a> subhādiviparītappavattikā honti. <span class="bld">Micchāsabhāvā</span>ti musāsabhāvā. Anekesu ānantariyesu katesu yaṃ tattha balavaṃ, taṃ vipaccati, na itarānīti ekantavipākajanakatāya niyatatā na sakkā vattunti <span class="bld">‘‘vipākadāne satī’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">khandhabhedānantara</span>nti cutianantaraṃ. Cuti hi <span class="bld">maraṇaniddese</span> (vibha. 193) ‘‘khandhānaṃ bhedo’’ti vuttāti. Etena vacanena sati phaladāne cutianantaro eva, na añño etesaṃ phalakāloti phalakālaniyameneva niyatatā vuttā hoti, na phaladānaniyamenāti niyataphalakālānaṃ aññesampi upapajjavedanīyānaṃ diṭṭhadhammavedanīyānampi niyatatā āpajjati, tasmā vipākadhammadhammānaṃ paccayantaravikalatādīhi avipaccamānānampi attano sabhāvena vipākadhammatā viya balavatā ānantariyena vipāke dinne avipaccamānānampi ānantariyānaṃ phaladāne niyatasabhāvā ānantariyasabhāvā ca pavattīti attano sabhāvena phaladānaniyameneva niyatatā ānantariyatā ca veditabbā. Avassañca niyatasabhāvā ānantariyasabhāvā ca tesaṃ pavattīti sampaṭicchitabbametaṃ aññassa balavato ānantariyassa abhāve cutianantaraṃ ekantena phaladānato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu evaṃ aññesampi upapajjavedanīyānaṃ aññasmiṃ vipākadāyake asati cutianantarameva ekantena phaladānato ānantariyasabhāvā niyatasabhāvā ca pavatti āpajjatīti? Nāpajjati asamānajātikena cetopaṇidhivasena upaghātakena ca nivattetabbavipākattā anantarekantaphaladāyakattābhāvā, na pana ānantariyakānaṃ paṭhamajjhānādīnaṃ dutiyajjhānādīni viya asamānajātikaṃ phalanivattakaṃ atthi sabbānantariyakānaṃ avīciphalattā, na ca heṭṭhupapattiṃ icchato sīlavato cetopaṇidhi viya uparūpapattijanakakammaphalaṃ ānantariyakaphalaṃ nivattetuṃ samattho <a name="M0.0046"></a> cetopaṇidhi atthi anicchantasseva avīcipātanato, na ca ānantariyakopaghātakaṃ kiñci kammaṃ atthi, tasmā tesaṃyeva anantarekantavipākajanakasabhāvā pavattīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Anekāni ca ānantariyakāni katāni ekante vipāke sanniyatattā uparatāvipaccanasabhāvāsaṅkattā nicchitāni sabhāvato niyatāneva. Cutianantaraṃ pana phalaṃ anantaraṃ nāma tasmiṃ anantare niyuttāni tannibbattanena anantarakaraṇasīlāni anantarappayojanāni cāti sabhāvato ānantariyakāneva ca honti. Tesu pana samānasabhāvesu ekena vipāke dinne itarāni <a name="V0.0044"></a> attanā kattabbassa kiccassa teneva katattā na dutiyaṃ tatiyampi ca paṭisandhiṃ karonti, na samatthatāvighātattāti natthi tesaṃ niyatānantariyatānivattīti. Na hi samānasabhāvaṃ samānasabhāvassa samatthataṃ vihanatīti. Ekassa pana aññānipi upatthambhakāni hontīti daṭṭhabbānīti. <span class="bld">Sammā sabhāvā</span>ti saccasabhāvā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para16"></a><span class="paranum">16</span>. Paripuṇṇamaggakiccattā cattāro ariyamaggāva idha ‘‘maggā’’ti vuttā. <span class="bld">Paccayaṭṭhenā</span>ti maggapaccayaṭṭhena. Nikkhepakaṇḍepi hi ye maggapaccayaṃ labhanti, na pana sayaṃ maggapaccayabhāvaṃ gacchanti, te maggahetukāti dassetuṃ ‘‘ariyamaggasamaṅgissa maggaṅgāni ṭhapetvā’’tiādi (dha. sa. 1039) vuttaṃ. Yo pana tattheva ‘‘ariyamaggasamaṅgissa alobho adoso amoho, ime dhammā maggahetū’’ti ādinayo vutto, taṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘maggasampayuttā vā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. ‘‘Ariyamaggasamaṅgissa sammādiṭṭhi maggo ceva hetu cā’’tiādinā pana vuttanayaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sammādiṭṭhi saya’’</span>ntiādimāha. Tattha pana asaṅgahitasaṅgaṇhanavasena paṭipāṭiyā tayo nayā vuttā, hetubahutāvasena tatiyo nayo idha dutiyo vutto.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Abhibhavitvā pavattanaṭṭhenā</span>ti sahajātādhipatipi pubbābhisaṅkhāravasena jeṭṭhakabhāve pavattamāno sahajāte attano vase anuvattayamāno te abhibhavitvā pavattati, ārammaṇādhipatipi tadārammaṇe dhamme tatheva attānaṃ anuvattayamāno te dhamme abhibhavitvā ārammaṇabhāvena pavattati, na paccuppannabhāvena, tasmā adhipatidvayampi saṅgahitanti veditabbaṃ. ‘‘Maggo adhipati etesa’’nti ayañca attho nikkhepakaṇḍe udāharaṇavasena <a name="M0.0047"></a> āgataṃ atthanayaṃ gahetvā vutto. Yasmā pana <span class="bld">paṭṭhāne</span> (paṭṭhā. 2.16.11) ‘‘maggādhipatiṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca maggādhipati dhammo uppajjati nādhipatipaccayā, maggādhipatī khandhe paṭicca maggādhipati adhipatī’’ti vuttaṃ, tasmā maggo adhipati maggādhipatīti ayampi attho pāḷiyaṃ sarūpekasesavasena samānasaddatthavasena vā saṅgahitoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para17"></a><span class="paranum">17</span>. <span class="bld">Anuppannā</span>ti etena sabbo uppannabhāvo paṭisiddho, na uppannadhammabhāvo evāti tena uppannā vigatā atītāpi na saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbā. Yadi hi saṅgahitā siyuṃ, ‘‘anuppanno dhammo uppannassa dhammassa anantarapaccayena paccayo’’tievamādi vucceyya, na tu vuttanti. Anāgatāni vipākakaṭattārūpāni atīte anāgate vā kamme purimanipphanne eva uppajjissanti<a name="V0.0045"></a>, nānipphanneti pariniṭṭhitakāraṇekadesāneva honti, tasmā tāni <span class="bld">‘‘avassaṃ uppajjissantīti uppādino dhammā’’</span>ti vuccanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para18"></a><span class="paranum">18</span>. <span class="bld">Attano sabhāva</span>nti kakkhaḷaphusanādisabhāvaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para20"></a><span class="paranum">20</span>. <span class="bld">Evaṃ pavattamānā</span>ti evaṃ cakkhādibhāvena phusanādibhāvena ca ekasantatipariyāpannatāvasena pavattamānā. Attānaṃ adhi <span class="bld">ajjhattā</span>ti <span class="bld">adhi</span>-saddo samāsavisaye adhikāratthaṃ pavattiatthañca gahetvā pavattatīti attānaṃ adhikicca uddissa pavattā <span class="bld">ajjhattā. Tenā</span>ti yassa jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā ajjhattaṃ bahiddhā ajjhattabahiddhā ca suññataṃ āneñjañca manasikaroto ajjhattasuññatādīsu cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati nādhimuccati, yo ca itiha tattha sampajāno, <span class="bld">tena bhikkhunā. Tasmiṃyeva purimasmiṃ samādhinimitte</span>ti paṭhamajjhānādisamādhinimitte. <span class="bld">Ajjhattamevā</span>ti jhānagocare kasiṇādimhi. <span class="bld">Cittaṃ saṇṭhapetabba</span>nti paṭhamajjhānādicittaṃ saṇṭhapetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Ajjhattarato</span>ti gocarajjhatte nibbāne rato, samādhigocare kammaṭṭhāne vā rato. ‘‘Samāhito eko santusito tamāhu bhikkhu’’nti (dha. pa. 362) gāthāseso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ajjhattaṃ sampasādana</span>nti ettha jhānaṃ sakasantatipariyāpannattā ‘‘ajjhatta’’nti vuttanti niyakajjhattattho ajjhatta-saddo hoti. <span class="bld">Ajjhatta</span>nti sakasantatiniyakaṃ. Ajjhatte bhavā <span class="bld">ajjhattikā</span>ti niyakajjhattesupi abbhantarā cakkhādayo vuccanti. Ettha pana ajjhattika-saddo cakkhādīsu pavattamāno dassito<a name="M0.0048"></a>, na ajjhattasaddo, atthi ca ajjhattaajjhattikasaddānaṃ bahiddhābāhira-saddānaṃ viya viseso. Ajjhattikasaddo hi saparasantānikesu sabbesu cakkhādīsu rūpādīsu bāhira-saddo viya pavattati, ajjhatta-saddo pana sakasantānikesveva cakkhurūpādīsu tato aññesveva bahiddhā-saddo viya pavattatīti tasmā saddato atthato ca asamānattā na idamettha udāharaṇaṃ yuttanti. Ayaṃ panettha adhippāyo daṭṭhabbo – ajjhatte bhavā ajjhattikāti ayañhi vacanattho. Yañca ajjhatte bhavaṃ, tena ajjhatteneva bhavitabbaṃ, tena taṃvācakassa ajjhatta-saddassa ajjhattika-saddassa ca samānatthatā. Ubhinnampi saddānaṃ samānatthabhāvato ajjhattajjhatte pavattamāne ajjhattika-sadde ajjhatta-saddo tattha pavattoti sakkā vattunti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ayaṃ</span> <a name="V0.0046"></a> <span class="bld">kho panānanda, vihāro</span>ti <span class="bld">vihārasuññatāsutte</span> (ma. ni. 3.187) saṅgaṇikārāmatāya rūpādiratiyā ca ādīnavaṃ vatvā tappaṭipakkhavihāradassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ajjhattaṃ suññata</span>nti visayabhūtaṃ issariyaṭṭhānabhūtaṃ suññataṃ, suññatāphalasamāpattinti attho. Cittissarā hi buddhā bhagavanto dhammaṃ desentāpi yaṃ muhuttaṃ tuṇhī bhavitabbaṃ hoti, taṃ muhuttaṃ phalasamāpattiṃ samāpajjanti, pageva aññasmiṃ kāle, tasmā sabbatthāpi issariyānaṃ bahulaṃ phalasamāpattiyaṃ issariyassa pavattanato phalasamāpatti ‘‘issariyaṭṭhāna’’nti vuttā. Arahattaphalādhigamena vā tathāgatānaṃ issariyaṃ nibbattaṃ taṃjanakeneva maggenāti taṃ tesaṃ issariyaṭṭhānaṃ. Visayo ca anaññatthabhāvova yathā ‘‘ākāse sakuṇā udake macchā’’ti, buddhā ca aññattha dissamānāpi vivekapabbhāratāya phalasamāpattininnāva, tena tassā tassā kiriyāya anantaraṃ phalasamāpattiyaṃyeva bhavantīti sā tesaṃ visayo, tabbisayatā ca <span class="bld">saccakasuttena</span> (ma. ni. 1.364 ādayo) dīpetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para22"></a><span class="paranum">22</span>. Yesaṃ daṭṭhabbabhāvo atthi, te <span class="bld">sanidassanā</span>. Cakkhuviññāṇagocarabhāvova daṭṭhabbabhāvo, tassa rūpāyatanā anaññattepi aññehi dhammehi rūpāyatanaṃ visesetuṃ aññaṃ viya katvā <span class="bld">‘‘saha nidassanenāti sanidassanā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Dhammasabhāvasāmaññena hi ekībhūtesu dhammesu yo nānattakaro sabhāvo, so añño viya katvā upacarituṃ yutto<a name="M0.0049"></a>. Evañhi atthavisesāvabodho hotīti. Sayañca nissayavasena ca sampattānaṃ asampattānañca paṭimukhabhāvo aññamaññapatanaṃ paṭihananabhāvo, yena byāpārādivikārapaccayantarasahitesu cakkhādīnaṃ visayesu vikāruppatti.</p>
<p class="centered">Tikamātikāpadavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="chapter">Dukamātikāpadavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1-6"></a><span class="paranum">1-6</span>. <span class="bld">Mūlaṭṭhenā</span>ti suppatiṭṭhitabhāvasādhanena mūlabhāvena, na paccayamattaṭṭhena hetudhammā hetū dhammāti samāsāsamāsaniddesabhāvo dvinnaṃ pāṭhānaṃ viseso. <span class="bld">Tathevā</span>ti sampayogatova. Sahetukānaṃ hetusampayuttabhāvato <a name="V0.0047"></a> <span class="bld">‘‘sampayogato’’</span>ti vuttanti veditabbaṃ, na sahasaddassa sampayogatthattā. <span class="bld">Saha</span>-saddo pana ekapuñje uppādato yāva bhaṅgā sahetukānaṃ hetūhi samānadesagahaṇānaṃ hetuādisabbhāvaṃ dīpeti, <span class="bld">sampayutta</span>-saddo ekuppādādivasena saha hetūhi ekībhāvupagamanaṃ, tato eva ca dvinnaṃ dukānaṃ nānattaṃ veditabbaṃ. Dhammanānattābhāvepi hi padatthanānattena dukantaraṃ vuccati. Na hi hetudukasaṅgahitehi dhammehi aññe sahetukadukādīhi vuccanti, te eva pana sahetukāhetukādibhāvato sahetukadukādīhi vuttā. Evaṃ sahetukadukasaṅgahitā eva hetusampayuttavippayuttabhāvato hetusampayuttadukena vuttā. Na hi dhammānaṃ avuttatāpekkhaṃ dukantaravacananti natthi punaruttidoso. Desetabbappakārajānanañhi desanāvilāso tathā desanāñāṇañcāti. Tena dhammānaṃ tappakāratā vuttā hoti. Sakalekadesavasena paṭhamadukaṃ dutiyatatiyehi saddhiṃ yojetvā catutthādayo tayo dukā vuttā. Sakalañhi paṭhamadukaṃ dutiyadukekadesena sahetukapadena tatiyadukekadesena hetusampayuttapadena ca yojetvā yathākkamaṃ catutthapañcamadukā vuttā, tathā paṭhamadukekadesaṃ nahetupadaṃ sakalena dutiyadukena yojetvā chaṭṭhaduko vutto. <span class="bld">Idampi sambhavatī</span>ti etena avuttampi sambhavavasena dīpitanti dasseti. Sambhavo hi gahaṇassa kāraṇanti. Yathā hetusahetukāti idaṃ sambhavatīti katvā gahitaṃ, evaṃ hetuahetukāti idampi sambhavatīti katvā gahetabbamevāti evaṃ aññatthāpi yojetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ <a name="M0.0050"></a> paṭhamadukaṃ dutiyatatiyadukesu dutiyapadehi yojetvā ‘‘hetū ceva dhammā ahetukā ca, ahetukā ceva dhammā na ca hetū, hetū ceva dhammā hetuvippayuttā ca, hetuvippayuttā ceva dhammā na ca hetū’’ti ye dve dukā kātabbā, tesaṃ sambhavavaseneva saṅgahaṃ dassetvā <span class="bld">kho pana</span>-padena aparesampi dukānaṃ saṅgahaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tatra yadeta’’</span>ntiādimāha. <span class="bld">Tatrā</span>ti pāḷiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Ayaṃ atirekattho</span>ti idāni yaṃ vakkhati, tamatthamāha. Tattha pana <span class="bld">aññepi aññathāpī</span>ti etesaṃ visuṃ pavattiyā dve dukā dassitā, saha pavattiyā pana ayampi duko veditabbo ‘‘hetū ceva dhammā hetusampayuttāpi hetuvippayuttāpī’’ti, etesu pana pañcasu dukesu dutiyadukena tatiyaduko viya, catutthadukena pañcamaduko viya ca chaṭṭhadukena ninnānatthattā ‘‘na hetu kho pana dhammā hetusampayuttāpi hetuvippayuttāpī’’ti ayaṃ duko na vutto. Dassitaninnānatthanayo hi so purimadukehīti. Itaresu catūsu hetū ceva ahetukadukena samānatthattā hetū ceva hetuvippayuttaduko, hetusahetukadukena samānatthattā hetuhetusampayuttaduko ca nahetuhetusampayuttaduko viya na vattabbo. Tesu pana dvīsu pacchimaduke ‘‘hetū kho pana dhammā sahetukā’’ti padaṃ catutthaduke paṭhamapadena ninnānākaraṇattā <a name="V0.0048"></a> na vattabbaṃ, ‘‘hetū kho pana dhammā ahetukā’’ti padaṃ ‘‘hetū ceva dhammā ahetukā’’ti etena ninnānattā na vattabbaṃ. Avasiṭṭhe pana ekasmiṃ duke ‘‘ahetukā ceva dhammā na ca hetū’’ti padaṃ chaṭṭhaduke dutiyapadena ekatthattā na vattabbaṃ. Idāni ‘‘hetū ceva dhammā ahetukā cā’’ti idamevekaṃ padaṃ avasiṭṭhaṃ, na ca ekena padena duko hotīti tañca na vuttanti. Catutthaduke dutiyapadena pana samānatthassa chaṭṭhaduke paṭhamapadassa vacanaṃ dukapūraṇatthaṃ, etena vā gatidassanena sabbassa sambhavantassa saṅgaho katoti daṭṭhabbo. Tathā hi sabbo sambhavaduko paṭhamaduke dutiyatatiyadukapakkhepena dassito, tesu ca paṭhamadukapakkhepenāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para7-13"></a><span class="paranum">7-13</span>. Samānakālena asamānakālena kālavimuttena ca paccayena nipphannānaṃ paccayāyattānaṃ paccayabhāvamattena tesaṃ paccayānaṃ atthitaṃ dīpetuṃ <span class="bld">sappaccaya</span>vacanaṃ, na sahetukavacanaṃ viya samānakālānameva, nāpi sanidassanaṃ viya taṃsabhāvassa anatthantarabhūtassa. <span class="bld">Saṅkhata</span>-saddo pana sametehi <a name="M0.0051"></a> nipphāditabhāvaṃ dīpetīti ayametesaṃ viseso dukantaravacane kāraṇaṃ. Ettha ca <span class="bld">appaccayā asaṅkhatā</span>ti bahuvacananiddeso avinicchitatthaparicchedadassanavasena mātikāṭhapanato katoti veditabbo. Uddesena hi kusalādisabhāvānaṃ dhammānaṃ atthitāmattaṃ vuccati, na paricchedoti aparicchedena bahuvacanena uddeso vuttoti. <span class="bld">Rūpa</span>nti rūpāyatanaṃ pathaviyādi vā. Purimasmiṃ atthavikappe rūpāyatanassa asaṅgahitatā āpajjatīti <span class="bld">ruppanalakkhaṇaṃ vā rūpa</span>nti ayaṃ atthanayo vutto. Tattha <span class="bld">rūpa</span>nti ruppanasabhāvo. Na lujjati na palujjatīti yo gahito tathā na hoti, so lokoti taṃgahaṇarahitānaṃ lokuttarānaṃ natthi lokatā. Dukkhasaccaṃ vā loko, tattha teneva lokasabhāvena viditāti <span class="bld">lokiyā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ sante cakkhuviññāṇena vijānitabbassa rūpāyatanassa teneva navijānitabbassa saddāyatanādikassa ca nānattā dvinnampi padānaṃ atthanānattato duko hoti. Evaṃ pana duke vuccamāne dukabahutā āpajjati, yattakāni viññāṇāni, tattakā dukā vuttā samattā ṭhapetvā sabbadhammārammaṇāni viññāṇāni. Tesu ca dukassa pacchedo āpajjati, tathā ca sati ‘‘kenacī’’ti padaṃ sabbaviññāṇasaṅgāhakaṃ na siyā, niddesena ca viruddhaṃ idaṃ vacanaṃ. Yo ca tattha ‘‘ye te dhammā cakkhuviññeyyā, na te dhammā sotaviññeyyāti ayaṃ duko na hotī’’ti paṭisedho kato, so ca kathaṃ yujjeyya. Na hi samatthā aṭṭhakathā pāḷiṃ paṭisedhetunti, na ca <span class="bld">kenaci</span>-saddassa tenevāti ayaṃ padattho sambhavati, <span class="bld">‘‘kenacī’’</span>ti etassa ādipadassa aniyamitaṃ yaṃ <a name="V0.0049"></a> kiñci ekaṃ padattho, taṃ vatvā vuccamānassa <span class="bld">‘‘kenacī’’</span>ti dutiyapadassa yaṃ kiñci aparaṃ aniyamitaṃ padatthoti lokasiddhametaṃ, tatheva ca niddeso pavatto, na cettha viññātabbadhammabhedena dukabhedo samatto āpajjati yattakā viññātabbā, tattakā dukāti, tasmā natthi dukabahutā. Na hi ekaṃyeva viññātabbaṃ kenaci viññeyyaṃ kenaci na viññeyyañca, kintu aparampi aparampīti sabbaviññātabbasaṅgahe duko samatto hoti, evañca sati ‘‘kenacī’’ti padaṃ aniyamena sabbaviññāṇasaṅgāhakanti siddhaṃ hoti, viññāṇanānattena ca viññātabbaṃ bhinditvā ayaṃ duko vutto, na viññātabbānaṃ atthantaratāyāti. Etassa pana dukassa nikkheparāsiniddeso dukasaṅgahitadhammekadesesu <a name="M0.0052"></a> dukapadadvayappavattidassanavasena pavatto. Atthuddhāraniddeso niravasesadukasaṅgahitadhammadassanavasenāti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para14-19"></a><span class="paranum">14-19</span>. <span class="bld">Cakkhutopi…pe… manatopī</span>ti cakkhuviññāṇādivīthīsu tadanugatamanoviññāṇavīthīsu ca kiñcāpi kusalādīnampi pavatti atthi, kāmāsavādayo eva pana vaṇato yūsaṃ viya paggharaṇakaasucibhāvena sandanti, tasmā te eva <span class="bld">‘‘āsavā’’</span>ti vuccanti. Tattha hi paggharaṇakaasucimhi niruḷho āsavasaddoti. <span class="bld">Dhammato yāva gotrabhu</span>nti tato paraṃ maggaphalesu appavattito vuttaṃ. Ete hi ārammaṇakaraṇavasena dhamme gacchantā tato paraṃ na gacchantīti. Nanu tato paraṃ bhavaṅgādīnipi gacchantīti ce? Na, tesampi pubbe ālambitesu lokiyadhammesu sāsavabhāvena antogadhattā tato paratābhāvato. Ettha ca gotrabhuvacanena gotrabhuvodānaphalasamāpattipurecārikaparikammāni vuttānīti veditabbāni, paṭhamamaggapurecārikameva vā gotrabhu avadhinidassanabhāvena gahitaṃ, tato paraṃ maggaphalasamānatāya pana aññesu maggesu maggavīthiyaṃ phalasamāpattivīthiyaṃ nirodhānantarañca pavattamānesu phalesu nibbāne ca pavatti nivāritā āsavānanti veditabbā. <span class="bld">Savantī</span>ti gacchanti. Duvidho hi avadhi abhividhivisayo anabhividhivisayo ca. Abhividhivisayaṃ kiriyā byāpetvā pavattati ‘‘ābhavaggā bhagavato yaso gato’’ti, itaraṃ bahi katvā ‘‘āpāṭaliputtā vuṭṭho devo’’ti. Ayañca <span class="bld">ā</span>-kāro abhividhiattho idha gahitoti <span class="bld">‘‘antokaraṇattho’’</span>ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cirapārivāsiyaṭṭho</span> ciraparivutthatā purāṇabhāvo. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena ‘‘purimā, bhikkhave, koṭi na paññāyati bhavataṇhāyā’’ti (a. ni. 10.62) idaṃ suttaṃ saṅgahitaṃ. Avijjāsavabhavāsavānañca <a name="V0.0050"></a> ciraparivutthatāya dassitāya tabbhāvabhāvīnaṃ kāmāsavadiṭṭhāsavānañca ciraparivutthatā dassitā hoti. Aññesupi yathāvutte dhamme okāsañca ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavattamānesu mānādīsu vijjamānesu attattaniyādiggāhavasena abhibyāpanaṃ madakaraṇavasena āsavasadisatā ca etesaṃyeva, nāññesanti etesveva āsavasaddo niruḷho daṭṭhabbo. Āyataṃ vā savanti phalantīti <span class="bld">āsavā</span><a name="M0.0053"></a>. Na hi kiñci saṃsāradukkhaṃ āsavehi vinā uppajjamānaṃ atthīti. Ārammaṇabhāvena ye dhammā vaṇo viya āsave paggharanti, te asampayoge atabbhāvepi saha āsavehīti <span class="bld">sāsavā,</span> āsavavantoti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Osānaduke ‘‘no āsavā kho panā’’ti avatvā <span class="bld">‘‘āsavavippayuttā kho panā’’</span>ti vacanaṃ sāsavānaṃ sahetukānaṃ viya sampayuttehi taṃsahitatā na hotīti dassanatthaṃ. Evaṃ sesagocchakesupi yathāsambhavaṃ vippayuttaggahaṇe payojanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Apica ‘‘no āsavā kho pana dhammā sāsavā’’ti idaṃ padaṃ catutthaduke dutiyapadena ninnānaṃ, na ca ekena duko hoti, tasmā āsavavippayuttapadameva gahetvā osānadukayojanā ñāyāgatāti katā. Hetugocchake pana hetuvippayuttānaṃ sahetukatā natthīti te gahetvā dukayojanāya asakkuṇeyyattā nahetupadaṃ gahetvā osānadukayojanā katā. Ye vā pana paṭhame duke dutiyassa pakkhepe eko, tatiyassa dve, paṭhamassa dutiye eko, tatiye dve, dutiyassa tatiye eko, dutiye ca tatiyassa ekoti aṭṭha dukā labbhanti, tesu tīhi itare ca nayato dassitāti veditabbā. Esa nayo sesagocchakesupi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para20-25"></a><span class="paranum">20-25</span>. Kilesakammavipākavaṭṭānaṃ paccayabhāvena tattha saṃyojenti, satipi aññesaṃ tappaccayabhāve na vinā saṃyojanāni tesaṃ tappaccayabhāvo atthi, orambhāgiyuddhambhāgiyasaṅgahitehi ca taṃtaṃbhavanibbattakakammaniyamo bhavaniyamo ca hoti, na ca upacchinnasaṃyojanassa katānipi kammāni bhavaṃ nibbattentīti. Saṃyojetabbāti vā <span class="bld">saṃyojaniyā,</span> saṃyojane niyuttāti vā. Dūragatassapi ākaḍḍhanato nissarituṃ appadānavasena bandhanaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, ganthakaraṇaṃ saṅkhalikacakkalakānaṃ viya paṭibaddhatākaraṇaṃ vā ganthanaṃ gantho, saṃsilisakaraṇaṃ yojanaṃ yogoti ayametesaṃ visesoti veditabbo. Dhammānaṃ sabhāvakiccavisesaññunā pana bhagavatā sampayuttesu ārammaṇesu tappaccayesu ca tehi tehi nipphādiyamānaṃ taṃ taṃ kiccavisesaṃ passantena te te dhammā tathā tathā āsavasaṃyojanaganthādivasena <a name="V0.0051"></a> vuttāti ‘‘kimatthaṃ eteyeva dhammā evaṃ vuttā, kasmā ca vuttā eva puna vuttā’’ti na codetabbametaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para26-37"></a><span class="paranum">26-37</span>. <span class="bld">Ganthaniyā</span>ti <a name="M0.0054"></a> ettha ayamañño attho ‘‘ganthakaraṇaṃ ganthanaṃ, ganthane niyuttāti ganthaniyā, ganthayituṃ sakkuṇeyyā, ganthayituṃ arahantīti vā ganthaniyā’’ti. Evaṃ oghaniyādīsupi daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tenātikkamatīti etaṃ dhātvatthaṃ gahetvā <span class="bld">oghaniyā</span>ti padasiddhi katā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para50-54"></a><span class="paranum">50-54</span>. Dhammasabhāvaṃ aggahetvā parato āmasantīti <span class="bld">parāmāsā. Parato</span>ti niccādito. <span class="bld">Āmasantī</span>ti sabhāvapaṭisedhena parimajjanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para55-68"></a><span class="paranum">55-68</span>. Sabhāvato vijjamānaṃ avijjamānaṃ vā vicittasaññāya saññitaṃ ārammaṇaṃ aggahetvā appavattito ālambamānā dhammā <span class="bld">sārammaṇā</span>. Cintanaṃ gahaṇaṃ ārammaṇūpaladdhi. Cetasi niyuttā, cetasā saṃsaṭṭhā vā <span class="bld">cetasikā</span>. Dubbiññeyyanānattatāya ekībhāvamivupagamanaṃ nirantarabhāvupagamanaṃ. Yesaṃ rūpānaṃ cittaṃ sahajātapaccayo hoti, tesaṃ cittassa ca suviññeyyanānattanti nirantarabhāvānupagamanaṃ veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Ekato vattamānāpī</span>ti <span class="bld">api</span>-saddo ko pana vādo ekato avattamānāti etamatthaṃ dīpeti. Idamettha vicāretabbaṃ – avinibbhogarūpānaṃ kiṃ aññamaññaṃ saṃsaṭṭhatā, udāhu visaṃsaṭṭhatāti? Visuṃ ārammaṇabhāvena suviññeyyanānattattā na saṃsaṭṭhatā, nāpi visaṃsaṭṭhatā saṃsaṭṭhāti anāsaṅkanīyasabhāvattā. Catunnañhi khandhānaṃ aññamaññaṃ saṃsaṭṭhasabhāvattā rūpanibbānehipi so saṃsaṭṭhabhāvo atthi natthīti siyā āsaṅkā, tasmā tesaṃ itarehi, itaresañca tehi visaṃsaṭṭhasabhāvatā vuccati, na pana rūpānaṃ rūpehi katthaci saṃsaṭṭhatā atthīti tadāsaṅkābhāvato visaṃsaṭṭhatā ca rūpānaṃ rūpehi na vuccatīti. Esa hi tesaṃ sabhāvoti. <span class="bld">Cittasaṃsaṭṭhasamuṭṭhānā</span>dipadesu saṃsaṭṭhasamuṭṭhānādisaddā cittasaddāpekkhāti paccekaṃ cittasaddasambandhattā cittasaṃsaṭṭhā ca te cittasamuṭṭhānā cāti paccekaṃ yojetvā attho vutto. <span class="bld">Upādiyantevā</span>ti bhūtāni gaṇhanti eva, nissayanti evāti attho. Yathā bhūtāni upādiyanti gayhanti nissīyanti, na tathā etāni gayhanti nissīyanti, tasmā <span class="bld">upādā</span>. Atha vā bhūtāni amuñcitvā tesaṃ vaṇṇanibhādibhāvena gahetabbato <span class="bld">upādā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para75-82"></a><span class="paranum">75-82</span>. <span class="bld">Saṃkiliṭṭhattike</span> <a name="V0.0052"></a> <span class="bld">vuttanayenā</span>ti <span class="bld">saṃ</span>-saddaṃ apanetvā kilisantīti kilesātiādinā nayena.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para83-100"></a><span class="paranum">83-100</span>. <span class="bld">Kāmāvacarā</span>dīsu <a name="M0.0055"></a> ayamaparo attho – kāmataṇhā kāmo, evaṃ rūpārūpataṇhā rūpaṃ arūpañca. Ārammaṇakaraṇavasena tāni yattha avacaranti, te <span class="bld">kāmāvacarā</span>dayoti. Evañhi sati aññabhūmīsu uppajjamānānaṃ akāmāvacarāditā kāmāvacarāditā ca nāpajjatīti siddhaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Nikkhepakaṇḍe</span>pi ‘‘etthāvacarā’’ti vacanaṃ avīciparanimmitaparicchinnokāsāya kāmataṇhāya ārammaṇabhāvaṃ sandhāya vuttanti veditabbaṃ, tadokāsatā ca taṇhāya tanninnatāya veditabbā. Yadi pariyāpannasaddassa antogadhāti ayamattho, maggādidhammānañca lokuttarantogadhattā pariyāpannatā āpajjati. Na hi ‘‘pariyāpannā’’ti ettha tebhūmakagahaṇaṃ atthīti? Nāpajjati sabbadā pavattamānassa paccakkhassa lokassa vasena pariyāpannanicchayato. Atha vā paricchedakārikāya taṇhāya paricchinditvā āpannā paṭipannā gahitāti <span class="bld">pariyāpannā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Anīya-saddo bahulā kattuabhidhāyakoti vaṭṭacārakato niyyantīti niyyānīyā, nī-kārassa rassattaṃ ya-kārassa ca ka-kārattaṃ katvā <span class="bld">‘‘niyyānikā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, niyyānakaraṇasīlā vā <span class="bld">niyyānikā</span>. Uttaritabbassa aññassa niddiṭṭhassa abhāvā niddisiyamānā sauttarā dhammāva uttaritabbāti <span class="bld">‘‘attāna’’</span>nti āha. <span class="bld">Rāgādīna</span>nti rāgādīnaṃ dasannaṃ kilesānaṃ sabbaniyatākusalānaṃ vā. Tehi nānappakāradukkhanibbattakehi abhibhūtā sattā kandanti akandantāpi kandanakāraṇabhāvato. Yasmā pana pahānekaṭṭhatāvasena ca <span class="bld">‘‘saraṇā’’</span>ti āha, tasmā ‘‘rāgādīna’’nti vacanena rāgadosamohāva gahitāti ñāyati. <span class="bld">Raṇa</span>-saddo vā rāgādireṇūsu niruḷho daṭṭhabbo, raṇaṃ vā yuddhaṃ, ‘‘kāmā te paṭhamā senā’’ti (su. ni. 438; mahāni. 28, 68, 149; cūḷani. nandamāṇavapucchāniddesa 47) evamādikā ca akusalā senā ariyamaggayuddhena jetabbattā sayuddhattā <span class="bld">‘‘saraṇā’’</span>ti vuccantīti. <span class="bld">Araṇavibhaṅgasutte</span> (ma. ni. 3.323 ādayo) pana sadukkhā saupaghātā saupāyāsā sapariḷāhā micchāpaṭipadābhūtā kāmasukhānuyogādayo ‘‘saraṇā’’ti vuttāti dukkhādīnaṃ raṇabhāvo tannibbattakasabhāvānaṃ akusalānaṃ saraṇatā ca veditabbā.</p>
<p class="centered">Piṭṭhidukā samattā.</p>
<p class="title">Suttantikadukamātikāpadavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para101-108"></a><span class="paranum">101-108</span>. Vijjārāsantogadhadhammā <a name="M0.0056"></a><a name="V0.0053"></a> vijjāsabhāgatāya tadekadese vijjākoṭṭhāse vattantīti vuttā. Vajirassa yattha taṃ patati, tattha abhejjaṃ nāma kiñci maṇipāsāṇādi natthi, na ca tena gamanamaggo viruhati, evameva arahattamaggena yattha so uppajjati, tasmiṃ santāne abhejjo kileso nāma natthi, na ca bhinno puna viruhatīti vajirupamatā veditabbā. <span class="bld">Tadupacārena bālā</span> yathā ‘‘mañcā ghosantī’’ti. <span class="bld">Kaṇhābhijātī</span>ti apāyā vuccanti manussesu ca dobhaggiyaṃ. Tapanassa vā dukkhassa hitāti <span class="bld">tapaniyā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Dāsādīsupi sirivaḍḍhakādisaddā viya atathattā vacanamattameva adhikāraṃ katvā pavattā <span class="bld">adhivacanā</span>. Yasmā pana adhivacananiruttipaññattipadāni samānatthāni, sabbañca vacanaṃ adhivacanādibhāvaṃ bhajati, tasmā tesupi vacanavisesesu visesena pavattehi adhivacanādisaddehi sabbāni vacanāni atthappakāsanasāmaññena vuttānīti etenādhippāyena ayaṃ atthayojanā katāti veditabbā. Atha vā <span class="bld">adhi</span>-saddo uparibhāge, upari vacanaṃ <span class="bld">adhivacanaṃ</span>. Kassa upari? Pakāsetabbassa atthassāti viditovāyamattho. Adhīnaṃ vā vacanaṃ <span class="bld">adhivacanaṃ</span>. Kena adhīnaṃ? Atthena. Tathā taṃtaṃatthappakāsane nicchitaṃ, niyataṃ vā vacanaṃ <span class="bld">nirutti</span>. Pathavīdhātupurisāditaṃtaṃpakārena ñāpanato <span class="bld">paññattī</span>ti evaṃ adhivacanādipadānaṃ sabbavacanesu pavatti veditabbā. Aññathā sirivaḍḍhakadhanavaḍḍhakappakārānameva abhilāpānaṃ adhivacanatā, abhisaṅkharontīti evaṃpakārānameva niddhāraṇavacanānaṃ niruttitā, takko vitakkoti evaṃpakārānameva ekamevatthaṃ tena tena pakārena ñāpentānaṃ paññattitā ca āpajjeyyāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para109-118"></a><span class="paranum">109-118</span>. Phasso vedanāti sabbadāpi arūpadhammānaṃ phassādināmakattā pathaviyādīnaṃ kesakumbhādināmantarāpatti viya nāmantarānāpajjanato ca sadā attanāva katanāmatāya catukkhandhanibbānāni <span class="bld">nāmakaraṇaṭṭhena nāmaṃ. Namanaṃ</span> avinābhāvato ārammaṇābhimukhatā, namanahetubhūtatā <span class="bld">nāmanaṃ</span>. Atha vā adhivacanasamphasso viya adhivacanaṃ nāmamantarena ye anupacitabodhisambhārānaṃ gahaṇaṃ na gacchanti, te nāmāyattaggahaṇā <span class="bld">nāmaṃ</span>. Rūpaṃ pana vināpi nāmasādhanaṃ attano ruppanasabhāvena gahaṇaṃ upayātīti <span class="bld">rūpaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para119-123"></a><span class="paranum">119-123</span>. Ito <a name="M0.0057"></a><a name="V0.0054"></a> pubbe parikammaṃ pavattaṃ, ito paraṃ bhavaṅgaṃ, majjhe samāpattīti evaṃ samāpattīnaṃ appanāparicchedapaññā <span class="bld">samāpattikusalatā</span>. <span class="bld">Vuṭṭhāne kusalabhāvo</span> pubbe vuṭṭhāne paricchedakaraṇañāṇaṃ. Lakkhaṇādivasena aniccādivasena ca manasi karaṇaṃ <span class="bld">manasikāro</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para124-134"></a><span class="paranum">124-134</span>. Sucisīlatā <span class="bld">soraccaṃ</span>. Sā hi sobhanakammaratatāti. Sammodakassa, sammodako vā mudubhāvo <span class="bld">sammodakamudubhāvo,</span> saṇhavācatā. <span class="bld">‘‘Aguttadvāratā’’</span>ti vutte kesu dvāresūti na paññāyatīti <span class="bld">‘‘indriyesū’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Sampajānātīti sampajāno, tassa bhāvo <span class="bld">sampajaññaṃ</span>. Tadapi ñāṇaṃ yasmā sampajānāti, tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘sampajānātīti sampajañña’’</span>nti āha. <span class="bld">Appaṭisaṅkhāne</span> nimitte visaye vā. <span class="bld">Vīriyasīsenā</span>ti vīriyapāmokkhena. <span class="bld">Uppannaṃ bala</span>nti vīriyopatthambhena hi kusalabhāvanā balavatī thirā uppajjatīti tathā uppannā balavatī kusalabhāvanā balavanto satta bojjhaṅgātipi vuccanti. Kasiṇanimittaṃ viya saññāṇaṃ viya saviggahaṃ viya ca suṭṭhu upalakkhetabbākāraṃ ‘‘nimitta’’nti vuccati. Samatho ca evaṃ ākāroti ‘‘nimitta’’nti vutto. Tathā hi so paccavekkhantena paccavekkhaṇato gayhatīti. Uddhaccamiva cittaṃ na vikkhipatīti, vikkhepapaṭikkhepo vā <span class="bld">avikkhepo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para135-142"></a><span class="paranum">135-142</span>. Sīlameva punappunaṃ āseviyamānaṃ lokiyaṃ lokuttarampi sīlaṃ paripūretīti <span class="bld">‘‘sīlaparipūraṇato’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Sīlassa sampadā</span>ti kāraṇasīlampi phalasīlampi sampannasamudāyassa ekadesavasena vuttaṃ. Atha vā ‘‘katame ca thapati akusalā sīlā? Akusalaṃ kāyakammaṃ akusalaṃ vacīkammaṃ pāpako ājīvo’’ti (ma. ni. 2.264) vuttattā sabbampi kusalākusalaṃ ‘‘sīla’’nti gahetvā tattha kusalasīlaṃ niddhāretvā <span class="bld">‘‘sīlasampadā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Evaṃ <span class="bld">diṭṭhisampadā</span>pi veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Diṭṭhivisuddhi kho pana yathādiṭṭhissa ca padhānanti kammassakatañāṇādisaṅkhātā diṭṭhivisuddhi cevā</span>ti paṭipāṭiyā diṭṭhivisuddhi diṭṭhivisuddhi kho panāti ca padadvayassa samānattā paññā. <span class="bld">Yathādiṭṭhissā</span>ti nibbattitappakāradiṭṭhissa nibbattetabbapadhānānurūpadiṭṭhissa vā yathādiṭṭhipavattakiriyassa vā. <span class="bld">Saṃvego</span>ti sahottappaṃ ñāṇaṃ, ottappameva vā. Samattaṃ tussanaṃ titti <a name="M0.0058"></a> santuṭṭhi, natthi etassa santuṭṭhīti asantuṭṭhi, asantuṭṭhissa bhāvo <span class="bld">asantuṭṭhitā</span>. Vīriyappavāhe pavattamāne antarā eva paṭigamanaṃ nivattanaṃ paṭivānaṃ, taṃ assa atthīti paṭivānī<a name="V0.0055"></a>, na paṭivānī appaṭivānī, tassa bhāvo <span class="bld">appaṭivānitā</span>. Vimuccanaṃ nāma ārammaṇe adhimuttatā kilesehi sabbasaṅkhārehi ca nissaṭatā ca. <span class="bld">Paṭisandhivasenā</span>ti kilesānaṃ taṃtaṃmaggavajjhānaṃ uppannamagge khandhasantāne puna saṃdahanavasena. <span class="bld">Anuppādabhūte</span>ti taṃtaṃphale. <span class="bld">Anuppādapariyosāne</span>ti anuppādakaro maggo anuppādo, tassa pariyosāne.</p>
<p class="centered">Suttantikadukamātikāpadavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="centered">Dukamātikāpadavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="chapter">Kāmāvacarakusalapadabhājanīyavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1"></a><span class="paranum">1</span>. ‘‘Ye vā pana…pe… arūpino dhammā’’ti idaṃ ‘‘phasso hotī’’ti evamādikaṃ viya na visuṃ ‘‘tepi hontī’’ti hoti-saddena sambandhaṃ katvā vuttaṃ, uddiṭṭhāvasese ca pana gahetvā ‘‘ime dhammā kusalā’’ti appetuṃ vuttanti appanāya avarodhitaṃ. Evañca katvā niddesepi etassa padabhājanīyaṃ na vuttanti. Sarūpena pana adassitattā ‘‘atthī’’ti vatvā dutiyena hoti-saddena sambandho niddeso ca na kato, saṅkhepena pana uddisitvā saṅkhepeneva ye vā pana dhammā niddiṭṭhāti etassa dhammassa uddese avarodho yutto. Dhammaniddese ca niddesāvasāne vuttassāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pucchāparicchedavacaneneva pucchābhāve viññāte pucchāvisesañāpanatthaṃ āha <span class="bld">‘‘ayaṃ kathetukamyatāpucchā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Pañcavidhā hī</span>ti <span class="bld">mahāniddese</span> (mahāni. 150; cūḷani. puṇṇakamāṇavapucchāniddesa 12; mettagūmāṇavapucchāniddesa 18) āgatā pucchā dasseti. <span class="bld">Lakkhaṇa</span>nti ñātuṃ icchito yo koci sabhāvo. <span class="bld">Aññāta</span>nti yena kenaci ñāṇena aññātabhāvaṃ āha. <span class="bld">Adiṭṭha</span>nti dassanabhūtena ñāṇena paccakkhaṃ viya adiṭṭhataṃ. <span class="bld">Atulita</span>nti ‘‘ettakaṃ ida’’nti tulābhūtāya paññāya atulitataṃ. <span class="bld">Atīrita</span>nti tīraṇabhūtāya paññāya akatañāṇakiriyāsamāpanataṃ. <span class="bld">Avibhūta</span>nti ñāṇassa apākaṭabhāvaṃ<a name="M0.0059"></a>. <span class="bld">Avibhāvita</span>nti ñāṇena apākaṭīkatabhāvaṃ. Adiṭṭhaṃ jotīyati etāyāti <span class="bld">adiṭṭhajotanā</span>. Anumatiyā pucchā <span class="bld">anumatipucchā</span><a name="V0.0056"></a>. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave’’tiādipucchāya hi ‘‘kā tumhākaṃ anumatī’’ti anumati pucchitā hoti. <span class="bld">Kathetukamyatā</span>ti kathetukamyatāya.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pabhedato dhammānaṃ desana</span>nti mātikādesanaṃ āha. Tattha hi purato kusalādike pabhede vatvā pacchato dhammā vuttāti <span class="bld">‘‘pabhedavantadassanattha’’</span>nti niddesaṃ āha. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – mātikāya savisesanā dhammā vuttā, te ca visesitabbattā padhānā, padhānañca itikattabbatāya yujjatīti dhammānameva padhānānaṃ pucchitabbatā vissajjitabbatā ca hoti, tasmā te pucchitabbe dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘katame dhammā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, te pana visesavanto pucchitāti dassetuṃ puna <span class="bld">‘‘kusalā’’</span>ti vuttanti evaṃ pabhedavantadassanatthaṃ ayaṃ padānukkamo katoti. ‘‘Ime dhammā kusalā’’ti vissajjanepi evameva yojanā kātabbā. <span class="bld">‘‘Pabhedato dhammānaṃ desanaṃ dīpetvā’’</span>ti etassa atthaṃ vivarituṃ <span class="bld">‘‘imasmiñhī’’</span>tiādimāha. Anekappabhedā desetabbāti sambandho. <span class="bld">Tasmā</span>ti avohāradesanato dhammānameva desetabbattā tesañca ghanavinibbhogapaṭisambhidāñāṇāvahanato pabhedavantānaṃ desetabbattā ‘‘kusalā…pe… dīpetvā’’ti etena sambandho. Evameva hi yathāvuttadīpanassa hetuṃ sakāraṇaṃ pakāsetuṃ puna <span class="bld">‘‘dhammāyevā’’</span>tiādi vuttanti. <span class="bld">Dhammā</span>ti sāmaññamattavacanena samūhādighanavasena ekattaggahaṇaṃ hotīti ekattavinibbhogakaraṇaṃ ghanavinibbhogañāṇaṃ āvahati pabhedadesanā, tathā kusalādidhammānaṃ abyākatādiatthānañca dīpanato dhammapaṭisambhidādiñāṇañca āvahati. <span class="bld">‘‘Pabhedavantadassanattha’’</span>nti etaṃ vivarituṃ <span class="bld">‘‘idāni ye tenā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Pabheda…pe… yujjati</span> itikattabbatāyuttassa visesanattā. Atha vā uddeso dhammappadhāno, pucchā saṃsayitappadhānā, na ca dhammabhāvo saṃsayito, kusalādibhedo pana saṃsayitoti nicchitasaṃsayitavasenāyaṃ padānukkamo kato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti etasmiṃ vacane. Kimatthamāha bhagavāti taṃ dassetuṃ āha <span class="bld">‘‘samaye niddisi citta’’</span>nti. <span class="bld">Pariyosāne</span>ti samaye cittaniddesassa ‘‘yasmiṃ…pe… ārabbhā’’ti etassa pariyosāne. <span class="bld">Tasmiṃ samaye</span>ti tasmiṃ cittuppādasamaye<a name="M0.0060"></a>. Cittena samayaṃ niyametvāna atha pacchā bodhetunti sambandho. Vijjamānepi bhojanagamanādisamayanānatte samavāyādinānatte ca yathāvuttacittaniyamitā visesitā aññasmiṃ samaye yathādhippetānaṃ phassādīnaṃ abhāvā cittaniyamite samaye phassādayo bodhetuṃ visesanameva tāva cittaṃ dassetuṃ samaye cittaṃ niddisīti attho. Visesitabbopi hi samayo attano upakāratthaṃ visesanabhāvaṃ āpajjati, visesanabhūtañca <a name="V0.0057"></a> cittaṃ tadupakāratthaṃ visesitabbabhāvanti. Santatighanādīnaṃ ayaṃ viseso – purimapacchimānaṃ nirantaratāya ekībhūtānamiva pavatti <span class="bld">santatighanatā,</span> tathā phassādīnaṃ ekasamūhavasena dubbiññeyyakiccabhedavasena ekārammaṇatāvasena ca ekībhūtānamiva pavatti <span class="bld">samūhādighanatā</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kālañca samayañcā</span>ti yuttakālañca paccayasāmaggiñca. <span class="bld">Khaṇo</span>ti okāso. Tathāgatuppādādiko hi maggabrahmacariyassa okāso tappaccayapaṭilābhahetuttā. Khaṇo eva ca <span class="bld">samayo. Yo</span> ‘‘khaṇo’’ti ca ‘‘samayo’’ti ca vuccati, so <span class="bld">ekovā</span>ti attho. <span class="bld">Mahāsamayo</span>ti mahāsamūho. <span class="bld">Samayopi kho</span>ti sikkhāparipūraṇassa hetupi. <span class="bld">Samayappavādake</span>ti diṭṭhippavādake. Tattha hi nisinnā titthiyā attano attano samayaṃ pavadantīti. <span class="bld">Atthābhisamayā</span>ti hitapaṭilābhā. Abhisametabboti abhisamayo, abhisamayo attho <span class="bld">abhisamayaṭṭho</span>ti pīḷanādīni abhisamitabbabhāvena ekībhāvaṃ upanetvā vuttāni, abhisamayassa vā paṭivedhassa visayabhūto attho <span class="bld">abhisamayaṭṭho</span>ti tāneva tathā ekattena vuttāni. Tattha <span class="bld">pīḷanaṃ</span> dukkhasaccassa taṃsamaṅgino hiṃ sanaṃ avipphārikatākaraṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Santāpo</span> dukkhadukkhatādibhāvena santāpanaṃ paridahanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Idhā’’</span>ti vacanaṃ akusalesu abyākatesu ca kesuci khaṇassa asambhavato. Nanu kusalānañca navamena khaṇena vinā uppatti hotīti? No na hoti, na pana navamo eva khaṇo, catucakkānipi khaṇoti vuttāni. Sabbantimena paricchedena attasammāpaṇidhikhaṇamantarena natthi kusalassa uppattīti khaṇo idha gahito. Indriyavisayamanasikārādhīnaṃ viññāṇanti evamādi sādhāraṇaphalaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Navamo</span>ti aṭṭhakkhaṇe upādāya vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Catucakkaṃ vattatī</span>ti puna patirūpadesavāsādisampatti catucakkaṃ viparivattatīti <a name="M0.0061"></a> attho. <span class="bld">Okāsabhūtānī</span>ti attano nibbattiyā ‘‘idāni uppajjantu kusalānī’’ti anumatidānaṃ viya bhūtāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cittakālo</span>ti dhammeneva satā kālo visesito, na tassa pavattittha pavattissati pavattatīti etena avatthāvisesena, nāpi tassa vijānanakiccena, tasmā evaṃvidhe dhamme upādāya paññattoti vutto. Kamappavattā visesā eva paṭipāṭīti bījabhāvo ca paṭipāṭīti vattumarahatīti iminādhippāyena <span class="bld">‘‘bījakāloti dhammapaṭipāṭiṃ upādāya paññatto’’</span>ti āha. <span class="bld">Dhammapaṭipāṭiṃ vā</span>ti aṭṭhakalāpadhamme sandhāyāha. Sañcitā viya gayhamānakālā eva <span class="bld">kālasañcayo</span><a name="V0.0058"></a>, yathā vā tathā vā kāloti ekaṃ sabhāvaṃ gahetvā abhinivesaṃ karontassa tadabhinivesanisedhanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘so panesa sabhāvato avijjamānattā paññattimattako’’</span>ti āha. Ñatvā viññeyyoti sambandho. <span class="bld">Itaro pana hetū</span>ti esa samayo paccayova viññeyyo. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti etasmiṃ adhikāre na hetuhetu sādhāraṇahetu cāti attho. Samavāyo paccayasāmaggī, hetu pana ekeko paccayoti ayametesaṃ viseso veditabbo. Cakkhuviññāṇādīnaṃ anekapaccayadassanena taṃtaṃdvārikānaṃ kusalānañca tappaccayataṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pariggaho kato</span> aṭṭhakathācariyehi. <span class="bld">Ekakāraṇavādo</span>ti pakatikāraṇavādo, issarakāraṇavādo vā. <span class="bld">Aññamaññāpekkho</span>ti avayavānaṃ aññamaññāpekkhatāya samudāyo vutto. Apekkhā ca yāva sahāyakāraṇasamāgamo na hoti, tāva phalassa anipphādanaṃ samāgame nipphādanasamatthassa nipphādanañca. Samāgamo ca yesu yujjamānesu nibyāpāresupi phalassa pavatti, tesaṃ sabbhāvoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Asāmaggī…pe… pattito</span>ti cakkhurūpālokamanasikārānaṃ asamavetānaṃ cakkhuviññāṇassa ahetubhāve sati samavetānañca taṃsabhāvāvinivattito hetubhāvānāpattitoti attho. Na hi sabhāvantaraṃ aññena sahitaṃ sabhāvantaraṃ hotīti. <span class="bld">Ekasmi</span>nti andhasate ekekasmiṃ andheti adhippāyo. Aññathā yathārutavasena atthe gayhamāne ekassa andhassa dassanāsamatthatā sabbesampi na hoti, nāpi ekassa asamatthatāya sabbesampi asamatthatā vuttā, kintu sabbesaṃ visuṃ asamatthatāya evāti upamāvacanaṃ na yujjeyya, nāpi upamopamitabbasambandho. Na <a name="M0.0062"></a> hi upamitabbesu cakkhādīsu ekassa asamatthatāya sabbesampi asamatthatā vuttā, kintu sabbesaṃ visuṃ asamatthatāya sahitānaṃ asamatthatāti. <span class="bld">Andhasataṃ passatī</span>ti ca andhasataṃ sahitaṃ passatīti adhippāyo aññathā vuttanayena upamitabbāsamānatāpattito. <span class="bld">Sādhā…pe… ṭhitabhāvo</span>ti yesu vijjamānesu phalappavatti tesaṃ samodhāne, yathā pavattamānesu tesu phalappavatti, tathā pavattimāha. Na yesaṃ kesañci anekesaṃ samodhānamattaṃ sāmaggī. Na hi saddagandharasaphoṭṭhabbasamodhānaṃ cakkhuviññāṇassa, kaṭṭhakapālapāsāṇasamodhānaṃ vā sotaviññāṇassa hetūti. <span class="bld">Ta</span>nti taṃ dassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Asā…pe… siddho</span>ti nāyamattho sādhetabbo visuṃ ahetūnaṃ cakkhādīnaṃ sahitānaṃ hetubhāvassa paccakkhasiddhattāti attho. Na hi paccakkhasiddhe yuttimagganaṃ yuttanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Manussattādīnaṃ <a name="V0.0059"></a> khaṇāvayavānaṃ sāmaggī khaṇasāmaggī, taṃ vinā so navamacakkasampattisaṅkhāto khaṇo natthi. Sā eva hi khaṇasāmaggī so khaṇoti attho. <span class="bld">Khaṇa…pe… dīpeti</span> attano dullabhatāyāti attho. Khaṇattho vā samayasaddo khaṇasaṅkhāto samayoti vutto. So yasmiṃ dullabhe khaṇe satīti imassatthassa vibhāvanavasena tadāyattāya kusaluppattiyā dullabhabhāvaṃ dīpeti. Etenupāyena <span class="bld">samavāya…pe… vuttiṃ dīpetī</span>ti ettha ito paresu ca yojanā tassa tassa taṃtaṃdīpane kātabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tassa purisassā</span>ti ‘‘seyyathāpi bhikkhave cattāro daḷhadhammā dhanuggahā sikkhitā katahatthā katupāsanā catuddisā ṭhitā assu, atha puriso āgaccheyya ‘ahaṃ imesaṃ…pe… katupāsanānaṃ kaṇḍe khitte khitte appatiṭṭhite pathaviyaṃ gahetvā āharissāmī’’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.228) evaṃ vuttajavanapurisassa. <span class="bld">Tāva parittako</span>ti gamanassādānaṃ devaputtānaṃ heṭṭhupariyāyena paṭimukhaṃ dhāvantānaṃ sirasi pāde ca baddhakhuradhārāsannipātato ca parittataro kālo. Kālasaṅkhāto samayo cittaparicchinno vuccamāno teneva paricchedakacittena ‘‘evaṃ paritto aha’’nti attano parittataṃ dīpeti. Yathā cāhaṃ, evaṃ sabbo kusalacittappavattikāloti tassa parittataṃ dīpeti. Saddassa dīpanā vuttanayānusārena veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pakativādīnaṃ <a name="M0.0063"></a> mahato viya aṇuvādīnaṃ dviaṇukassa viya ca ekasseva. <span class="bld">Hetu…pe… vuttitaṃ dīpetī</span>ti paccayāyattavuttidīpanato tapparabhāvā hetusaṅkhātassa parāyattavuttidīpanatā vuttā. Sati pana paccayāyattabhāve paccayasāmaggīāyattatā samavāyasaṅkhātena dīpiyatīti atapparabhāvato tassa taṃdīpanatā na vuttā. Anena samayena kattubhūtena, anena samayena vā karaṇabhūtena bhagavatā paṭisedhitoti attho. Esa nayo purimāsu dīpanāsu.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Adhikaraṇavasenā</span>ti ādhāravasena. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti kālasamūhasaṅkhāte samaye gahiteti attho. Kālopi hi cittaparicchinno sabhāvato avijjamānopi ādhārabhāveneva saññāto ‘‘adhikaraṇa’’nti vutto taṃkhaṇappavattānaṃ tato pubbe parato ca abhāvā. <span class="bld">Bhāvo</span>ti kiriyā. Kiriyāya kiriyantaralakkhaṇaṃ bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇaṃ. Yathā gāvīsu duyhamānāsu gato, duddhāsu āgatoti dohanakiriyā gamanakiriyāya lakkhaṇaṃ hoti, evamihāpi ‘‘yasmiṃ samaye tasmiṃ samaye’’ti ca vutte satīti ayamattho viññāyamāno eva hoti aññakiriyāsambandhābhāvena padatthassa <a name="V0.0060"></a> sattāvirahābhāvatoti samayassa sattākiriyāya cittuppādakiriyā phassādibhavanakiriyā ca lakkhīyatīti ubhayattha samayasadde bhummaniddeso kato lakkhaṇabhūtabhāvayuttoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Uddānato</span>ti uddesato saṅkhepato. Kilesakāmo vatthukāmabhāvaṃ bhajanto kāmanīyavasena bhajati, na kāmanavasenāti kāmanavasena kilesakāmo eva hoti, na vatthukāmo. <span class="bld">Duvidhopeso</span>ti vacanena duvidhassapi sahitassa avacaraṇappadesaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Tena vatthukāmasseva pavattideso rūpārūpadhātudvayaṃ apanītaṃ hoti. Nanu ca duvidhopi sahito rūpārūpadhātūsu pavattati rūpārūpāvacaradhammānaṃ vatthukāmattā tadārammaṇānaṃ rūpārūparāgānañca kilesakāmabhāvasiddhitoti? Taṃ na, bahalakilesassa kāmarāgassa kilesakāmabhāvena idha saṅgahitattā. Evañca katvā rūpārūpadhātūsu pavattamānesu kāmāvacaradhammesu nikanti idha na saṅgahitā sukhumattā. ‘‘Uddānato dve kāmā’’ti sabbakāme uddisitvāpi hi ‘‘duvidhopeso’’ti ettha tadekadesabhūtā aññamaññasahitatāparicchinnā kāmarāgatabbatthukadhammāva saṅgahitāti, niravaseso <a name="M0.0064"></a> vā kilesakāmo kāmarāgo kāmataṇhārūpataṇhāarūpataṇhānirodhataṇhābhedo idha pavattatīti anavasesappavattitaṃ sandhāya ‘‘duvidhopeso’’ti vuttaṃ, vatthukāmopi ca appako idhāpi na vattati rūpārūpāvacaravipākamatto, tathāpi paripuṇṇavatthukāmattā kāmāvacaradhammāva idha gahitā. Evañca katvā sasatthāvacaropamā yuttā hoti. ‘‘Rūpūpapattiyā maggaṃ bhāvetī’’ti (dha. sa. 163; vibha. 625) ettha rūpabhavo uttarapadalopaṃ katvā ‘‘rūpa’’nti vutto, evamidhāpi uttarapadalopo daṭṭhabbo. Aññathā hi cittaṃ kāmāvacarāvacaranti vucceyyāti. <span class="bld">Ārammaṇakaraṇavasenā</span>tiādike ‘‘kāmo’’ti sabbaṃ taṇhamāha, tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘kāmañcesā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ, ‘‘kāme avacāretīti kāmāvacāra’’nti vattabbe <span class="bld">cā</span>-saddassa rassattaṃ kataṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ruḷhisaddenā</span>ti ñāṇasampayuttesu ruḷhena saddena, ñāṇasampayuttesu vā pavattitvā anavajjasukhavipākatāya taṃsadisesu ñāṇavippayuttesu ruḷhena saddena. Atha vā kiñci nimittaṃ gahetvā satipi aññasmiṃ taṃnimittayutte kismiñcideva visaye sammutiyā cirakālatāvasena nimittavirahepi pavatti ruḷhi nāma yathā ‘‘mahiyaṃ setīti mahiṃso, gacchantīti gāvo’’ti, evaṃ kusalasaddassapi ruḷhibhāvo veditabbo. Paññāniddese ‘‘kosalla’’nti abhidhamme (dha. sa. 16) vuttaṃ, tassa ca bhāvā kusalasaddappavattīti kosallayogā kusalanti ayaṃ abhidhammapariyāyo hoti. <span class="bld">Kusala</span>nti kusalabhāvaṃ āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vipākādīnaṃ <a name="V0.0061"></a> avajjapaṭipakkhatā natthīti kusalameva anavajjalakkhaṇaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Anavajjalakkhaṇamevā</span>ti sukhavipākasabhāvassa lakkhaṇabhāvanivāraṇatthaṃ avadhāraṇaṃ kataṃ, taṃnivāraṇañca tassa paccupaṭṭhānataṃ vatthukāmatāya kataṃ. Sampattiatthena rasena <span class="bld">vodānabhāvarasaṃ</span>. Phalaṭṭhena paccupaṭṭhānena <span class="bld">iṭṭhavipākapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Sabhāvo</span> kakkhaḷādiphusanādiko asādhāraṇo. <span class="bld">Sāmaññaṃ</span> sādhāraṇo aniccādisabhāvo. Idha ca kusalalakkhaṇaṃ sabbakusalasādhāraṇasabhāvattā sāmaññaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, akusalādīhi asādhāraṇatāya <span class="bld">sabhāvo</span> vā. <span class="bld">Upaṭṭhānākāro</span>ti gahetabbabhāvena ñāṇassa upaṭṭhahanākāro. <span class="bld">Phalaṃ</span> pana attano kāraṇaṃ paṭicca tappaṭibimbabhāvena, paṭimukhaṃ vā upaṭṭhātīti <span class="bld">paccupaṭṭhānaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vijānātī</span>ti <a name="M0.0065"></a> saññāpaññākiccavisiṭṭhaṃ visayaggahaṇaṃ āha. Sabbacittasādhāraṇattā yattha yattha yathā yathā attho labbhati, tattha tattha tathā tathā gahetabboti. Yaṃ āsevanapaccayabhāvena <span class="bld">cinoti,</span> yañca kammunā abhisaṅkhatattā <span class="bld">citaṃ,</span> taṃ tathā <span class="bld">‘‘citta’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Yaṃ pana tathā na hoti, taṃ parittakiriyadvayaṃ antimajavanañca labbhamānacintanavicittatādivasena <span class="bld">‘‘citta’’</span>nti veditabbaṃ. Hasituppādo pana aññajavanagatikova. <span class="bld">Cittānaṃ panā</span>ti vicitrānanti attho. Tadantogadhattā hi samudāyavohārena avayavopi <span class="bld">‘‘citta’’</span>nti vuccati yathā pabbatanadīsamuddādiekadesesu diṭṭhesu pabbatādayo diṭṭhāti vuccantīti. <span class="bld">Caraṇaṃ</span> nāma gahetvā caritabbacittapaṭo. <span class="bld">Rūpānī</span>ti bimbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ajjhattika</span>nti indriyabaddhaṃ vadati. <span class="bld">Cittakatamevā</span>ti cittassa mūlakāraṇataṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Kammassa hetaṃ cittaṃ kāraṇanti. Taṃ pana atthaṃ vibhāvetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kāyakammādibheda’’</span>ntiādimāha. <span class="bld">Liṅganānatta</span>nti saṇṭhānanānattaṃ, bhinnasaṇṭhānaṅgapaccaṅgavato sarīrassa vā nānattaṃ. Vohāravasena itthipurisādibhāvena voharitabbesu patthanāvisesā uppajjanti, tato kammavisesā. Evamidaṃ <span class="bld">kammanānattaṃ</span> vohāranānattato hoti. <span class="bld">Apā…pe… kāditā</span>ti evamādīsu <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddehi gatiyā upapattiyā attabhāve lokadhammesu ca nānākaraṇāni suttāgatāni saṅgaṇhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kammanānattādivasenā</span>ti ettha kusalākusalavasena <span class="bld">kammanānattaṃ</span> veditabbaṃ. Visadisasabhāvatā hi nānattanti. Kusalakammassa dānādivasena kāyasucaritādibhāvena ca <span class="bld">puthuttaṃ,</span> akusalakammassa ca macchariyādīhi kāyaduccaritādīhi ca <span class="bld">puthuttaṃ</span> veditabbaṃ. Bahuppakāratā hi puthuttanti<a name="V0.0062"></a>. Annadānādivasena dānādīnaṃ pāṇātipātāviratiādivasena kāyasucaritādīnaṃ āvāsamacchariyādivasena macchariyādīnaṃ pāṇātipātādivasena kāyaduccaritādīnañca <span class="bld">pabhedo</span> veditabbo. Ekekassa hi pakārassa bhedo pabhedoti. Nānattādīnaṃ <span class="bld">vavatthānaṃ</span> tathā tathā vavatthitatā nicchitatā. Etenupāyena liṅganānattādīni veditabbāni. Kammanānattādīhi nibbattāni hi tānīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paccuppannassa liṅgassa kammato pavattiṃ tadanukkamena paccuppannakammassa nipphattiñca dassetvā tato anāgataliṅganānattādinipphattidassanena saṃsāraṃ ghaṭento <span class="bld">‘‘kammanānākaraṇaṃ paṭiccā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha purimena kammavacanena <a name="M0.0066"></a> avijjāsaṅkhārā, liṅgādivacanena viññāṇādīni bhavapariyosānāni, gatiādivacanena jātijarāmaraṇāni gahitānīti daṭṭhabbāni. Tattha <span class="bld">gatī</span>ti nirayādayo pañca gatiyo vuccanti, tāsaṃ nānākaraṇaṃ apadādibhāvo. Tā hi tathā bhinnāti. <span class="bld">Upapattī</span>ti gomahiṃsādikhattiyādicātumahārājikādiupapattiyo, tāsaṃ nānākaraṇaṃ uccāditā. Khattiyo eva hi ekacco kulabhogaissariyādīhi <span class="bld">ucco</span> hoti, ekacco <span class="bld">nīco</span>. Tehi eva hīnatāya <span class="bld">hīno,</span> padhānabhāvaṃ nītatāya <span class="bld">paṇīto,</span> aḍḍhatāya <span class="bld">sugato,</span> daliddatāya <span class="bld">duggato</span>. Kulavasena vā <span class="bld">uccanīcatā,</span> issariyavasena <span class="bld">hīnapaṇītatā,</span> bhogavasena <span class="bld">sugataduggatatā</span> yojetabbā. <span class="bld">Suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇatā</span>ti odātasāmādivaṇṇasuddhiasuddhivasena vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Sujātadujjātatā</span>ti nigrodhaparimaṇḍalādiārohapariṇāhehi lakkhaṇehi vā attabhāvaparipuṇṇāparipuṇṇajātatāvasena. <span class="bld">Susaṇṭhitadussaṇṭhitatā</span>ti aṅgapaccaṅgānaṃ saṇṭhānavasena.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aparampi vuttaṃ</span> ajjhattikacittassa yathāvuttassa cittakatabhāvasādhakaṃ suttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kammato’’</span>tiādi. Kammañhi cittato nibbattanti tato nipphajjamānaṃ sabbampi cittaṃ cittakatamevāti sādheti. Kammanibbattato liṅgato pavattamānaliṅgasaññā mūlakāraṇato kammato āsannakāraṇato liṅgato ca pavattā hotīti <span class="bld">‘‘kammato…pe… pavattare’’</span>ti āha. Atha vā liṅgañca saññā ca <span class="bld">liṅgasaññā,</span> tā yathāsaṅkhyaṃ kammato liṅgato ca pavattareti attho. <span class="bld">Saññāto bhedaṃ gacchantī</span>ti te itthipurisādiliṅgasaññāto itthipurisādivohārabhedaṃ dhammā gacchanti, tathā tathā voharitabbāti attho. Imāya gāthāya atītapaccuppannaddhapaṭiccasamuppādavasena cittakataṃ cittaṃ dassitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Loko</span> <a name="V0.0063"></a> eva pajātattā <span class="bld">pajā</span>ti purimapādassa vivaraṇaṃ pacchimapādo daṭṭhabbo. Yathā rathassa āṇi nibandhanā, evaṃ sattalokarathassa kammaṃ nibandhananti upamāsaṃsandanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Imāya ca gāthāya addhadvayavasena cittassa kammaviññāṇakatatā dassitā. <span class="bld">Kitti</span>nti parammukhā kittanaṃ patthaṭayasataṃ. <span class="bld">Pasaṃsa</span>nti sammukhā pasaṃsanaṃ thutiṃ. <span class="bld">Kammanānākaraṇa</span>nti kammato nibbattanānākaraṇaṃ kammajehi anumiyamānaṃ kammasseva vā nānākaraṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kammassakā</span>ti <a name="M0.0067"></a> kammasayā. Kammassa dāyaṃ tena dātabbaṃ ādiyantīti <span class="bld">kammadāyādā</span>. Aṇḍajādīnañca yonīnaṃ kammato nibbattattā kammameva yoni attabhāvapaṭilābhanimittaṃ etesanti <span class="bld">kammayonī</span>. Bandhanaṭṭhena kammaṃ bandhu etesanti <span class="bld">kammabandhū</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cittassā</span>ti kammaviññāṇassa. Tassa pana aladdhokāsatā aññena kammena paṭibāhitattā tadavipaccanokāse puggalassa nibbattattā ca veditabbā. Vijjamānampi aparāpariyavedanīyakammaviññāṇaṃ kālagatipayogādisahakārīpaccayavikalatāya <span class="bld">avasesapaccayavekallaṃ</span> daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Ekaccacitta</span>nti cittena kattabbacitrena ekaccabhūtaṃ tena kattabbacitramāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Anubhavitvā bhavitvā ca apagataṃ <span class="bld">bhūtāpagataṃ</span>. Anubhūtabhūtatā hi bhūtatāsāmaññena bhūtasaddena vuttā. Sāmaññameva hi upasaggena visesīyatīti. Anubhūtasaddo ca kammavacanicchābhāvato anubhavakavācako daṭṭhabbo. Vikappagāhavasena rāgādīhi tabbipakkhehi ca akusalaṃ kusalañca ārammaṇarasaṃ anubhavati, na vipāko kammavegakkhittattā, nāpi kiriyā ahetukānaṃ atidubbalatāya sahetukānañca khīṇakilesassa chaḷaṅgupekkhāvato uppajjamānānaṃ atisantavuttittā. Ettha ca purimanaye kusalākusalameva vattuṃ adhippāyavasena ‘‘bhūtāpagata’’nti vuttaṃ. Yaṃ ‘‘uppannānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.651-662; vibha. 390-391) ettha uppannanti gahetvā taṃsadisānaṃ pahānaṃ, vuddhi ca vuttā, pacchimanaye pana <span class="bld">ca</span>-saddena kusalākusalañca ākaḍḍhitvā sabbaṃ saṅkhataṃ vuttaṃ bhūtāpagatabhāvābhidhānādhippāyena.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vipaccituṃ okāsakaraṇavasena uppatitaṃ atītakammañca tato uppajjituṃ āraddho anāgato vipāko ca <span class="bld">‘‘okāsakatuppanna’’</span>nti vutto. Yaṃ uppannasaddena vināpi viññāyamānaṃ uppannaṃ<a name="V0.0064"></a>, taṃ sandhāya ‘‘nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sañcetanikāna’’ntiādi (a. ni. 10.217, 219) vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Tāsu tāsu bhūmīsū</span>ti manussadevādiattabhāvasaṅkhātesu upādānakkhandhesu. Tasmiṃ tasmiṃ santāne anuppattianāpāditatāya <span class="bld">asamūhataṃ</span>. Ettha ca laddhabhūmikaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘bhūmiladdha’’</span>nti vuttaṃ aggiāhito viya. Okāsakatuppannasaddepi ca okāso kato etenāti, okāso kato etassāti ca duvidhatthepi evameva katasaddassa paranipāto veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sabbadā <a name="M0.0068"></a> avattamānampi gamiyacittaṃ paṭipakkhapaccavekkhaṇāya avikkhambhitattā <span class="bld">‘‘uppanna’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Antaradhāpetī</span>ti vikkhambhikā ānāpānassati vikkhambheti. <span class="bld">Antarāyevā</span>ti bhūmiladdhe sabhūmiyaṃ abbocchinne vicchinditvāti attho. Anatītaṃ ananāgatañca khaṇattayekadesagatampi uppajjamānaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘khaṇattayagata’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Desanāya padhānena gahito attho <span class="bld">‘‘sīsa’’</span>nti vuccati. Lokiyadhammañhi desetabbaṃ patvā desanāya cittaṃ pubbaṅgamaṃ hoti, dhammasabhāvaṃ vā sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Akusalā</span>ti sabbepi akusalā dhammā vuttā. Cetanāti keci. <span class="bld">Akusalabhāgiyā</span>ti rāgādayo ekantaakusalā. <span class="bld">Akusalapakkhikā</span>ti phassādayopi tappakkhikā. <span class="bld">Mano tesaṃ dhammānaṃ paṭhamaṃ uppajjatī</span>ti sahajātopi mano sampayutte saṅgaṇhitvā adhipatibhāvena pavattamāno paṭhamaṃ uppanno viya hotīti evaṃ vutto. Sampayuttāpi tadanuvattanatāya anvadeva akusalā dhammāti vuttā, anantarapaccayamanaṃ vā sandhāya manopubbaṅgamatā vuttā. <span class="bld">Cittena nīyatī</span>ti abhisaṅkhāraviññāṇaṃ sandhāyāha, taṇhāsampayuttaṃ vā. <span class="bld">Pabhassara</span>nti sabhāvapaṇḍarataṃ sandhāyāha. <span class="bld">Arakkhite</span>ti satiyā anunayapaṭighādīhi arakkhite, rāgādīhi <span class="bld">byāpanne,</span> tehi eva <span class="bld">avassute</span>. Cittassa pubbaṅgamabhāvasādhane aññamaññaṃ baladānavasena suttānurakkhaṇaṃ, idha vā upasaṃhatānaṃ ābhidhammikehi viññātānaṃ cirakālappavattivasena veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Katarapaññaṃ tva</span>ntiādi na pāḷiāruḷhaṃ, evaṃ bhagavā pucchatīti aṭṭhakathāyameva vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Paññā pana kimatthiyā</span>ti idampi ekaṃ suttaṃ. ‘‘Abhiññatthā pariññatthā pahānatthā’’ti tassa vissajjanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sāta</span>nti sabhāvavasena vuttaṃ, <span class="bld">madhura</span>nti madhuraṃ viyāti upamāvasena. <span class="bld">Ponobbhavikā</span>ti punabbhavakaraṇasīlā. Tatratatrābhinandanato nandī, nandibhūto rāgo nandirāgo, nandirāgabhāvena sahagatāti <a name="V0.0065"></a> <span class="bld">nandirāgasahagatā</span>ti na ettha sampayogavasena sahagatabhāvo atthīti sahagatasaddo taṇhāya nandirāgabhāvaṃ joteti. <span class="bld">Nandirāgabhūtā</span>ti cassa attho. <span class="bld">Nissaye</span>ti pādake. <span class="bld">Rūpārūpārammaṇāna</span>nti pathavīkasiṇādiākāsādiārammaṇānaṃ. <span class="bld">Saṃsaṭṭhe</span>ti khīrodakaṃ viya samodite ekībhāvamiva gate. <span class="bld">Sahajāte</span>ti sampayuttasahajāte, na sahajātamatte. <span class="bld">Idhāpī</span>ti ‘‘imasmimpi pade ayameva attho adhippeto’’ti imissā aṭṭhakathāya yathādassitasaṃsaṭṭhasaddo <a name="M0.0069"></a> sahajāte adhippetoti. <span class="bld">Arūpaṃ rūpenā</span>ti paṭisandhikkhaṇe vatthunā. <span class="bld">Ukkaṭṭhaniddeso</span>ti anavasesasaṅgahena kato atisayaniddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anābhaṭṭhatāyevā</span>ti ‘‘diṭṭhaṃ suta’’ntiādīsu diṭṭhatādayo viya abhāsitabbatā anābhaṭṭhatā. Sabbākārena sadisassa dutiyacittassa sasaṅkhārikatāvacanena imassa asaṅkhārikatā viññāyati, tasmā abhāsitabbatāya na gahitoti attho yujjati. Adhippāyo pana pāḷiyaṃ abhāsitattā eva tattha desetabbabhāvena <span class="bld">na gahito</span> na saṅgahito na tassatthassa abhāvāti. Atha vā pāḷiyaṃ anābhaṭṭhatāya eva aṭṭhakathāyaṃ <span class="bld">na gahito</span> na tassattho vutto. <span class="bld">Niyametvāvā</span>ti parato evaṃvidhasseva sasaṅkhārikabhāvavacanato idha tadavacaneneva asaṅkhārikabhāvaṃ niyametvā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Manoviññāṇa</span>nti ettha dvāraṃ vatthūti vuttaṃ, dvārena vā taṃsahāyabhūtaṃ hadayavatthu vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Sarasabhāvenā</span>ti sakiccabhāvena. Avijjā hi saṅkhārānaṃ paccayabhāvakiccā, aññāsādhāraṇo vā rasitabbo viññātabbo bhāvo sarasabhāvo, avijjāsabhāvo saṅkhārasabhāvoti evamādiko. ‘‘Sarasasabhāvenā’’tipi pāṭho, soyeva attho. Avijjāpaccayāti vā sarasena, saṅkhārāti sabhāvena.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ekasamuṭṭhānāditā rūpadhammesu eva yojetabbā tesu tabbohārabāhullato. Atītādibhāvo rūpārūpadhammesu, cittacetasikanibbānānampi vā yathāsabhāvaṃ ekadvinakutocisamuṭṭhānatā yojetabbā. <span class="bld">Anāpāthagatā</span>ti cakkhādīnaṃ agocaragatā sukhumarajādirūpaṃ viya vatthuparittatāya tattāyoguḷe patitodakabindurūpaṃ viya khaṇaparittatāya atidūratāya accāsannāditāya atītānāgatatāya ca. Visayo anaññatthabhāvena, gocaro ca tattha caraṇena vutto, tabbisayanicchayena mano paṭisaraṇaṃ. Ayamattho siddho hoti aññathā tesaṃ dhammārammaṇabhāvena ‘‘nesaṃ gocaravisayaṃ paccanubhotī’’ti vacanassa anupapattito. Dibbacakkhudibbasotaiddhividhañāṇehi <a name="V0.0066"></a> yathāvuttanayena anāpāthagatāni rūpādīni ālambiyamānāni na dhammārammaṇanti katthaci vuccamānāni diṭṭhāni, itarathā ca diṭṭhāni ‘‘dibbena cakkhunā rūpaṃ passatī’’tiādīsūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Āpāthamāgacchati</span> <a name="M0.0070"></a> manasā pañcaviññāṇehi ca gahetabbabhāvūpagamanena. <span class="bld">Ghaṭṭetvā</span>ti paṭimukhabhāvāpāthaṃ gantvā. <span class="bld">Sarabhāṇakassa</span> osārakassa. Pakatiyā diṭṭhādivasena āpāthagamanañca bhojanapariṇāmautubhojanavisesaussāhādīhi kalyaṃ, rogino vātādīhi ca upaddutaṃ vā kāyaṃ anuvattantassa jāgarassa bhavaṅgassa calanapaccayānaṃ kāyikasukhadukkhautubhojanādiupanissayānaṃ cittapaṇidahanasadisāsadisasambandhadassanādipaccayānaṃ, suttassa ca supinadassane dhātukkhobhādipaccayānaṃ vasena veditabbaṃ. Adiṭṭhassa asutassa anāgatabuddharūpādino pasādadātukāmatāvatthussa taṃsadisatāsaṅkhātena diṭṭhasutasambandheneva. Na kevalaṃ taṃsadisatāva ubhayasambandho, kintu tabbipakkhatā tadekadesatā taṃsampayuttatādiko ca veditabbo. Kenaci vutte kismiñci sute avicāretvā saddahanaṃ <span class="bld">saddhā,</span> sayameva taṃ vicāretvā rocanaṃ <span class="bld">ruci,</span> ‘‘evaṃ vā evaṃ vā bhavissatī’’ti ākāravicāraṇaṃ <span class="bld">ākāraparivitakko,</span> vicārentassa katthaci diṭṭhiyā nijjhānakkhamanaṃ <span class="bld">diṭṭhinijjhānakkhanti</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Gerukaharitālañjanādidhātūsu. <span class="bld">Subhanimittaṃ</span> subhaggahaṇassa nimittaṃ. Taṃ subhanimittattā rañjanīyattā ca <span class="bld">lobhassa vatthu</span>. Niyamitassa cittassa vasena <span class="bld">niyamitavasena</span>. Evamitaresu dvīsu. Ābhogo <span class="bld">ābhujitaṃ</span>. <span class="bld">Lūkhapuggalā</span> dosabahulā. Adosabahulā <span class="bld">siniddhapuggalā. Tadadhimuttatā</span>ti pītininnacittatā. <span class="bld">Imehi…pe… veditabbo</span> pītiyā somanassavippayogāsambhavatoti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Jīvitavuttiyā āyatanabhāvato hatthārohādisippameva <span class="bld">sippāyatanaṃ</span>. Kasivāṇijjādikammameva <span class="bld">kammāyatanaṃ</span>. Āyuvedādivijjā eva <span class="bld">vijjāṭṭhānaṃ. Abyāpajje</span>ti domanassabyāpādarahite rūpabhave. <span class="bld">Dhammapadā</span>ti dhammakoṭṭhāsā. <span class="bld">Pilavantī</span>ti upaṭṭhahanti padissanti. <span class="bld">Yogā</span>ti bhāvanābhiyogā samādhito. <span class="bld">Vatthuvisadakiriyā</span>ti ajjhattikabāhirānaṃ vatthūnaṃ nimmalabhāvakiriyā. Saddhādīnaṃ indriyānaṃ aññamaññānativattanaṃ <span class="bld">indriyasamattapaṭipādanatā</span><a name="V0.0067"></a>. Gambhīrānaṃ ñāṇena caritabbānaṃ, gambhīrañāṇena vā caritabbānaṃ suttantānaṃ paccavekkhaṇā <span class="bld">gambhīrañāṇacariyapaccavekkhaṇā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vaṃso</span>ti anukkamo. <span class="bld">Tantī</span>ti santati. <span class="bld">Paveṇī</span>ti sambandho. Sabbametaṃ cārittakiriyāpabandhassa vacanaṃ. Cārittasīlattā <span class="bld">sīlamayaṃ</span>. ‘‘Dassāmī’’ti vacībhedena vatthussa pariṇatattā tato paṭṭhāya dānaṃ āraddhaṃ nāma hoti<a name="M0.0071"></a>, yato tassa attano pariṇāmanādīsu āpatti hoti. Vijjamānavatthusmiṃ cintanakālato paṭṭhāya dānaṃ āraddhanti tattha dānamayaṃ kusalaṃ hotīti adhippāyo. Na hi dānavatthuṃ avijjamānakampi saṅkharontassa kusalaṃ na hotīti. Taṃ pana dānamayassa pubbabhāgoti tadeva bhajeyya, vuttaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ. <span class="bld">Kulavaṃsādivasenā</span>ti udāharaṇamattamevetaṃ. Attanā samādinnavattavasena sappurisavattagāmajanapadavattādivasena ca cārittasīlatā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Savatthuka</span>nti bheriādivatthusahitaṃ katvā. <span class="bld">Vijjamānakavatthu</span>nti bheriādivatthuṃ. Dhammassavanaghosanādīsu ca savatthukaṃ katvā saddassa dānaṃ saddavatthūnaṃ ṭhānakaraṇānaṃ sasaddappavattikaraṇamevāti tassa cintanaṃ vijjamānavatthupariccāgo veditabbo. Bhājetvā dassesi dhammarājā idha ca rūpārammaṇādibhāvaṃ, aññattha ca ‘‘tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, puññakiriyavatthūnī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.305) dānamayādibhāvaṃ, aparattha ca ‘‘katame dhammā kusalā? Tīṇi…pe… taṃsamuṭṭhānaṃ kāyakamma’’ntiādinā kāyakammādibhāvañca vadanto. <span class="bld">Apariyāpannā cā</span>ti paramatthato avijjamānattā aññāyatanattā ca asaṅgahitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paribhogaraso</span> paribhogapaccayaṃ pītisomanassaṃ. Ayaṃ pana rasasamānatāvasena gahaṇaṃ upādāya rasārammaṇanti vutto, na sabhāvato. Sabhāvena pana gahaṇaṃ upādāya pītisomanassaṃ dhammārammaṇameva hotīti ‘‘sukhā vedanā dhammārammaṇa’’nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Ārammaṇameva nibaddha</span>nti rūpārammaṇaṃ…pe… dhammārammaṇanti evaṃ niyametvā vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Kammassa anibaddhattā</span>ti kammassa aniyatattā. Yathā hi rūpādīsu ekārammaṇaṃ cittaṃ anaññārammaṇaṃ hoti, na evaṃ kāyadvārādīsu ekadvārikakammaṃ aññasmiṃ dvāre nuppajjati, tasmā kammassa dvāraniyamarahitattā dvārampi kammaniyamarahitanti idha ārammaṇaṃ viya niyametvā na vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Vinā ārammaṇena anuppajjanato</span>ti etassapi cattho ‘‘yathā kāyakammādīsu ekaṃ kammaṃ tena dvārena vinā aññasmiṃ <a name="V0.0068"></a> dvāre carati, na evaṃ rūpādīsu ekārammaṇaṃ cittaṃ tenārammaṇena vinā ārammaṇantare uppajjatī’’ti veditabbo. Na hi yathā vacīdvāre uppajjamānampi ‘‘kāyakamma’’nti vuccati, evaṃ saddārammaṇe uppajjamānaṃ ‘‘rūpārammaṇa’’nti vuccati.</p>
<p class="title">Kāmāvacarakusalaṃ</p>
<p class="subhead">Kāyakammadvārakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Imassa</span> <a name="M0.0072"></a> <span class="bld">panatthassā</span>ti kammadvārānaṃ aññamaññasmiṃ aniyatatāya ‘‘dvāre caranti kammānī’’tiādinā pakāsanatthaṃ. <span class="bld">Pañca viññāṇānī</span>ti ettha chaṭṭhassa viññāṇassa tassa ca dvārassa anuddeso dvāradvāravantānaṃ sahābhāvā. Niyatarūparūpavasena catusamuṭṭhānikakāyā vuttāti saddassa vikārarūpādīnañca asaṅgaho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Paṭhamajavanasamuṭṭhitā vāyodhātu yadipi tasmiṃ khaṇe rūpānaṃ desantaruppattihetubhāvena cāletuṃ na sakkoti, tathāpi viññattivikārasahitāva sā veditabbā. Dasasu hi disāsu yaṃ disaṃ gantukāmo aṅgapaccaṅgāni vā khipitukāmo, taṃdisābhimukhāneva rūpāni sā santhambheti sandhāreti cāti tadabhimukhabhāvavikāravatī hoti, adhippāyasahabhāvī ca vikāro viññattīti. Evañca katvā āvajjanassapi viññattisamuṭṭhāpakabhāvo yathādhippāyavikārarūpuppādanena upapanno hoti, yato bāttiṃsa cittāni rūpiriyāpathaviññattijanakāni vuttānīti. Yojanaṃ gato, dasayojanaṃ gatoti vattabbataṃ āpajjāpeti anekasahassavāraṃ uppannā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vāyodhātuyā…pe… paccayo bhavitu</span>nti thambhanacalanesu vāyodhātuyā paccayo bhavituṃ samattho cittasamuṭṭhānamahābhūtānaṃ eko ākāraviseso atthi, ayaṃ viññatti nāma. Tesañhi tadākārattā vāyodhātu thambheti cāleti cāti. <span class="bld">Na cittasamuṭṭhānā</span>ti etena paramatthato abhāvaṃ dasseti. Na hi rūpaṃ appaccayaṃ atthi, na ca nibbānavajjo attho nicco atthīti. <span class="bld">Viññattitāyā</span>ti viññattivikāratāya. Cittasamuṭṭhānabhāvo viya mahābhūtavikāratāya upādārūpabhāvo ca adhippetoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kāyikakaraṇa</span>nti <a name="V0.0069"></a> kāyadvārappavattaṃ cittakiriyaṃ, adhippāyanti attho. <span class="bld">Kāreti maññe</span>ti etena vaṇṇaggahaṇānusārena gahitāya viññattiyā yaṃ karaṇaṃ viññātabbaṃ, tassa vijānanena viññattiyā viññātattaṃ dasseti. Na hi viññattirahitesu rukkhacalanādīsu ‘‘idamesa kāretī’’ti vijānanaṃ hotīti. Cakkhuviññāṇassa hi rūpe abhinipātamattaṃ kiccaṃ, na adhippāyasahabhuno calanavikārassa gahaṇaṃ. Cittassa pana lahuparivattitāya cakkhuviññāṇavīthiyā <a name="M0.0073"></a> anantaraṃ manoviññāṇena viññātampi calanaṃ cakkhunā diṭṭhaṃ viya maññanti avisesaviduno, tasmā yathā nīlābhinipātavasappavattāya cakkhuviññāṇavīthiyā nīlanti pavattāya manoviññāṇavīthiyā ca antaraṃ na viññāyati, evaṃ aviññāyamānantarena manodvāraviññāṇena gahite tasmiṃ cittena saheva anuparivatte kāyathambhanavikāracopanasaṅkhāte ‘‘idamesa kāreti, ayamassa adhippāyo’’ti vijānanaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tālapaṇṇādirūpāni disvā tadanantarappavattāya manodvāravīthiyā aviññāyamānantarāya tālapaṇṇādīnaṃ udakādisahacārippakārataṃ saññāṇākāraṃ gahetvā udakādiggahaṇaṃ viya. <span class="bld">Ettha udakaṃ bhavissatī</span>tiādinā ca udakādisambandhanākārena rūpaggahaṇānusāraviññāṇena yaṃ udakādi viññātabbaṃ, tassa vijānanena tadākārassa viññātatā vuttāti daṭṭhabbā. Etassa pana kāyikakaraṇaggahaṇassa udakādiggahaṇassa ca purimasiddhasambandhaggahaṇaṃ upanissayo hotīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Atha pana nālambitāpi viññatti kāyikakaraṇaggahaṇassa ca paccayo purimasiddhasambandhaggahaṇopanissayavasena sādhippāyavikārabhūtavaṇṇaggahaṇānantaraṃ pavattamānassa adhippāyaggahaṇassa adhippāyasahabhūvikārābhāve abhāvato, evaṃ sati vaṇṇaggahaṇānantarena udakādiggahaṇeneva tālapaṇṇādisaññāṇākāro viya vaṇṇaggahaṇānantarena adhippāyaggahaṇeneva viññatti pākaṭā hotīti ‘‘idañcidañca esa kāreti maññe’’ti adhippāyavijānaneneva viññattiyā viññātatā vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ayaṃ no paharitukāmo</span>ti adhippāyavijānanena viññattiyā pākaṭabhāvaṃ dasseti. Na hi tadapākaṭabhāve adhippāyavijānanaṃ hotīti. <span class="bld">Sammukhī…pe… yeva nāma hotī</span>ti asammukhībhūtatāya anāpāthagatānaṃ rūpādīnaṃ cakkhuviññeyyādibhāvo viya sabhāvabhūtaṃ taṃ dvidhā viññattibhāvaṃ sādheti. Paraṃ bodhetukāmatāya vināpi abhikkamanādippavattanena so cittasahabhūvikāro <a name="V0.0070"></a> adhippāyaṃ viññāpeti, sayañca viññāyatīti dvidhāpi viññattiyevāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tasmiṃ dvāre siddhā</span>ti tena dvārena viññātabbabhāvato teneva dvārena nāmalābhato tasmiṃ dvāre pākaṭabhāvavasena siddhā. Kusalaṃ vā akusalaṃ vāti ṭhapetabbaṃ. Kasmā? Yasmā paravādino avipākassa kammabhāvo <a name="M0.0074"></a> na siddho, itarassa pana siddhoti viññattisamuṭṭhāpakānaṃ ekādasannaṃ kiriyacittānaṃ vasena tikaṃ pūretvā ṭhapetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dvāre caranti kammānī</span>ti ettha ayamadhippāyo – yadi dvārā dvārantaracārino honti, dvārasambhedā kammasambhedopīti kāyakammaṃ kāyakammadvāranti aññamaññavavatthānaṃ na siyā, kammānampi kammantaracaraṇe eseva nayo. Yadi pana dvārānampi dvārabhāvena kammantaracaraṇaṃ kammānañca dvārantaracaraṇaṃ na siyā, suṭṭhutaraṃ kammadvāravavatthānaṃ siyā. Na pana kammānaṃ dvārantare acaraṇaṃ atthi, kintu dvāre aññasmiñca caranti kammāni aññānipi. Yasmā pana dvāre dvārāni na caranti, tasmā advāracārīhi dvārehi kāraṇabhūtehi kammāni dvārantare carantānipi vavatthitāni. Na kevalaṃ kammāneva, tehi pana dvārānipīti evaṃ kammadvārāni aññamaññaṃ vavatthitāni ‘‘yebhuyyenavuttitāya tabbahulavuttitāya cā’’ti vuccamānāya vavatthānayuttiyā. Tattha dvārāpekkhattā kammānaṃ kāyakammādibhāvassa advāracārīhi dvārehi vavatthānaṃ hoti, na pana dvārantaracārīhi kammehi dvārānaṃ avavatthānaṃ kammānapekkhakāyadvārādibhāvehi dvārehi vavatthitānaṃ kāyakammādīnaṃ kāyakammadvārādivavatthānakarattā. Atha vā dvārantare carantānipi kāyādīhi upalakkhitāneva caranti pāṇātipātādīnaṃ evaṃsabhāvattā āṇattihatthavikārādīhi vuccamānassapi kāyādīhi sādhetabbasabhāvāvabodhato, tasmā na kammantarassa attani carantassapi dvārantaraṃ sanāmaṃ deti, nāpi kammaṃ dvārassa, taṃtaṃdvārameva pana kammassa kammañca dvārantare carantampi attanoyeva dvārassa nāmaṃ detīti siddhaṃ aññamaññavavatthānaṃ. Pubbe pana dvāresu anibaddhatā kammānaṃ dvārantaracaraṇameva sandhāya vuttā, na etaṃ vavatthānanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti tesu dvārakammesu. <span class="bld">Kāyakammassa uppajjanaṭṭhāna</span>nti taṃsahajātā viññattiyeva vuccati. Kiñcāpi hi sā tassa kenaci pakārena paccayo na hoti, tathāpi kammassa visesikā <a name="V0.0071"></a> viññatti taṃsahajātā hotīti tassa uppattiṭṭhānabhāvena vuttā yathāvuttaniyamena aññavisesanassa kammassa visesanantare uppattiabhāvā. <span class="bld">Kāyena pana katattā</span>ti kāyaviññattiṃ janetvā tāya jīvitindriyupacchedādinipphādanato attano nipphattivasena ‘‘kāyena kataṃ kamma’’nti vuttaṃ. Kāraṇabhūto hi panettha kāyoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aññamaññaṃ</span> <a name="M0.0075"></a> <span class="bld">vavatthitā</span>ti ettha kammunā kāyo kāyakammadvāranti evaṃ vavatthito, na kāyo icceva. Yathā sūcikammunā sūcikammakaraṇanti vavatthitā, na sūci icceva, tathā idampi daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Aññamaññaṃ vavatthitā</span>ti ca aññamaññaṃ visesitāti attho. <span class="bld">Evaṃ sante</span>ti yathāvuttaṃ vavatthānaniyamaṃ aggahetvā ‘‘dvāre caranti kammānī’’tiādivacanameva gahetvā codeti. Tattha <span class="bld">evaṃ sante</span>ti kammānaṃ dvāracaraṇe aññamaññena ca vavatthāne nāmalābhe visesane satīti attho.</p>
<p class="centered">Kāyakammadvārakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Vacīkammadvārakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Catūhi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatā</span>ti ettha subhāsitabhāsanasaṅkhātā apisuṇavācā, dhammabhāsanasaṅkhāto asamphappalāpo, piyabhāsanasaṅkhātā apharusavācā, saccabhāsanasaṅkhāto amusāvādo cāti etā vācā tathāpavattā cetanā daṭṭhabbā. <span class="bld">Sahasaddā panā</span>ti tassa vikārassa saddena saha sambhūtattā vuttaṃ. Cittānuparivattitāya pana so na yāva saddabhāvīti daṭṭhabbo, vitakkavipphārasaddo na sotaviññeyyoti pavattena mahāaṭṭhakathāvādena cittasamuṭṭhānasaddo vināpi viññattighaṭṭanena uppajjatīti āpajjati. ‘‘Yā tāya vācāya viññattī’’ti (dha. sa. 636) hi vacanato asotaviññeyyasaddena saha viññattiyā uppatti natthīti viññāyatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cittasamuṭṭhānaṃ saddāyatana</span>nti ettha ca na koci cittasamuṭṭhāno saddo asaṅgahito nāma atthīti adhippāyena mahāaṭṭhakathāvādaṃ paṭisedheti. Chabbidhena rūpasaṅgahādīsu hi ‘‘sotaviññeyya’’nti ‘‘diṭṭhaṃ suta’’nti ettha ‘‘suta’’nti ca na koci saddo na saṅgayhatīti. Mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ <a name="V0.0072"></a> pana viññattisahajameva jivhātālucalanādikaravitakkasamuṭṭhitaṃ sukhumasaddaṃ ‘‘dibbasotena sutvā ādisatī’’ti <span class="bld">sutte paṭṭhāne</span> ca oḷārikasaddaṃ sandhāya ‘‘sotaviññāṇassa ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti vuttanti iminā adhippāyena asotaviññeyyatā vuttā siyā. Saddo <a name="M0.0076"></a> ca asotaviññeyyo cāti viruddhametanti pana paṭikkhepo veditabbo. Viññattipaccayā ghaṭṭanā <span class="bld">viññattighaṭṭanā</span>. Viññatti eva vā. Ghaṭṭanākārappavattabhūtavikāro hi ‘‘ghaṭṭanā’’ti vutto. Saṅghaṭṭanena saheva saddo uppajjati, na pubbāparabhāvena. <span class="bld">Pathavīdhātuyā</span>ti idaṃ vāyodhātuyā viya cālanaṃ pathavīdhātuyā saṅghaṭṭanaṃ kiccaṃ adhikanti katvā vuttaṃ, vikārassa ca tappaccayabhāvo vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Tabbikārānañhi bhūtānaṃ aññamaññassa paccayabhāvoti. Aññampi sabbaṃ vidhānaṃ kāyaviññattiyaṃ viya veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tisamuṭṭhānikakāyaṃ…pe… na labbhati</span>. Na hi cālanaṃ upādinnaghaṭṭananti. Cālanañhi desantaruppādanaparamparatā, ghaṭṭanaṃ paccayavisesena bhūtakalāpānaṃ āsannataruppādoti. <span class="bld">Upatthambhanakiccampi natthī</span>ti upatthambhanena vinā paṭhamacittasamuṭṭhānāpi ghaṭṭanākārena pavattatīti ghaṭṭanatthaṃ upatthambhanena payojanaṃ natthi, laddhāsevanena citteneva ghaṭṭanassa balavabhāvato cāti adhippāyo. Upatthambhanaṃ natthi atthīti vicāretvā gahetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="centered">Vacīkammadvārakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Manokammadvārakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ayaṃ nāma cetanā kammaṃ na hotīti na vattabbā</span>ti idaṃ yassa dvāraṃ mano, taṃdassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Kappetī</span>ti ‘‘tvaṃ phusanaṃ karohi, tvaṃ vedayita’’nti evaṃ kappentaṃ viya pavattatīti attho. <span class="bld">Pakappana</span>ñca tadeva. <span class="bld">Kiṃ piṇḍaṃ karotī</span>ti āyūhanatthavasena pucchati. Phassādidhamme hi avippakiṇṇe katvā sakiccesu pavattanaṃ <span class="bld">āyūhanaṃ,</span> tattheva byāpāraṇaṃ <span class="bld">cetayanaṃ,</span> tathākaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">abhisaṅkharaṇa</span>nti. Tebhūmakasseva gahaṇaṃ lokuttarakammassa kammakkhayakarattā.</p>
<p class="centered">Manokammadvārakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Kammakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cetayitvā</span> <a name="M0.0077"></a><a name="V0.0073"></a> <span class="bld">kammaṃ karotī</span>ti ettha yasmā purimacetanāya cetayitvā sanniṭṭhānakammaṃ karoti, tasmā cetanāpubbakaṃ kammaṃ taṃcetanāsabhāvamevāti cetanaṃ ahaṃ kammaṃ vadāmīti attho. Atha vā samānakālattepi kāraṇakiriyā pubbakālā viya vattuṃ yuttā, phalakiriyā ca aparakālā viya. Yasmā ca cetanāya cetayitvā kāyavācāhi copanakiriyaṃ manasā ca abhijjhādikiriyaṃ karoti, tasmā tassā kiriyāya kārikaṃ cetanaṃ ahaṃ kammaṃ vadāmīti attho. <span class="bld">Kāye vā</span>ti kāyaviññattisaṅkhāte kāye vā. <span class="bld">Satī</span>ti dharamāne, anirodhite vā. Kāyasamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā <span class="bld">kāyasañcetanā</span>. Ettha ca sukhadukkhuppādakena kammena bhavitabbaṃ, cetanā ca sukhadukkhuppādikā vuttāti tassā kammabhāvo siddho hoti. <span class="bld">Sañcetaniya</span>nti sañcetanasabhāvavantaṃ. <span class="bld">Samiddhittherena</span> ‘‘sañcetaniyaṃ, āvuso…pe… manasā sukhaṃ so vedayatī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.300; kathā. 539) avibhajitvā byākato. <span class="bld">Sukhavedanīya</span>ntiādinā pana vibhajitvā byākātabbo so pañho, tasmā sammā byākato nāma na hoti. Itaradvayepi eseva nayo. Yathā pana suttāni ṭhitāni, tathā copanakiriyānissayabhūtā kāyavācā abhijjhādikiriyānissayo ca manodvārāni, yāya pana cetanāya tehi kāyādīhi karaṇabhūtehi copanābhijjhādikiriyaṃ karonti vāsiādīhi viya chedanādiṃ, sā cetanā kammanti dvārappavattiyampi kammadvārābhedanañca kammadvāravavatthānañca dissati, evañca sati ‘‘kāyena ce kataṃ kamma’’ntiādigāthāyo (dha. sa. aṭṭha. 1 kāyakammadvāra) ativiya yujjanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Lokuttaramaggo idha lokiyakammakathāyaṃ anadhippetopi bhajāpiyamāno tīṇi kammāni bhajati. <span class="bld">Manena dussīlya</span>nti kāyikavācasikavītikkamavajjaṃ sabbaṃ akusalaṃ saṅgaṇhāti, micchādiṭṭhisaṅkappavāyāmasatisamādhiṃ vā. Tampi cetaṃ ‘‘manasā saṃvaro sādhū’’ti (saṃ. ni. 1.116; dha. pa. 361) vuttassa saṃvarassa paṭipakkhavasena vuttaṃ, na sīlavipattivasena. Na hi sā mānasikā atthīti maggasseva bhajāpanaṃ mahāvisayattā. Bojjhaṅgā hi manokammameva bhajeyyuṃ, na ca na sakkā maggabhajāpaneneva tesaṃ bhajāpanaṃ viññātunti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kammapathaṃ <a name="M0.0078"></a> appattānampi taṃtaṃdvāre saṃsandanaṃ avarodhanaṃ dvārantare kammantaruppattiyampi kammadvārābhedanañca <a name="V0.0074"></a> <span class="bld">dvārasaṃsandanaṃ</span> nāma. ‘‘Tividhā, bhikkhave, kāyasañcetanā akusalaṃ kāyakamma’’ntiādinā (kathā. 539) kammapathappattāva sanniṭṭhāpakacetanā kammanti vuttāti purimacetanā sabbā kāyakammaṃ na hotīti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Āṇāpetvā…pe… alabhantassā</span>ti āṇattehi amāritabhāvaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, vacīduccaritaṃ nāma hoti akammapathabhāvatoti adhippāyo. ‘‘Ime sattā haññantū’’ti pavattabyāpādavasena <span class="bld">cetanāpakkhikā vā bhavanti</span> kāyakammavohāralābhā. <span class="bld">Abbohārikā vā</span> manokammavohāravirahā. Sasambhārapathavīādīsu āpādayo ettha nidassanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kulumbassā</span>ti gabbhassa, kulasseva vā. Tissopi saṅgītiyo āruḷhatāya ananujānanato <span class="bld">‘‘tava suttassā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Dasavidhā iddhi</span> paṭisambhidāmagge iddhikathāya gahetabbā. <span class="bld">Bhāvanāmaya</span>nti adhiṭṭhāniddhiṃ sandhāya vadati. Ghaṭabhedo viya parūpaghāto, udakavināso viya iddhivināso ca hotīti upamā saṃsandati. <span class="bld">Tava pañho</span>ti bhāvanāmayāya parūpaghāto hotīti vutto ñāpetuṃ icchito attho. <span class="bld">Āthabbaṇiddhi</span> vijjāmayiddhi hoti. <span class="bld">Sattame pade</span>ti maṇḍalādito sattame pade.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vacanantarena gametabbatthaṃ <span class="bld">neyyatthaṃ,</span> sayameva gamitabbatthaṃ <span class="bld">nītatthaṃ. Kiriyato samuṭṭhāti, udāhu akiriyato</span>ti tenādhippetaṃ sampajānamusāvādaṃ sandhāya pucchati, na uposathakkhandhake vuttaṃ. Tattha avuttameva hi so anariyavohāraṃ vuttanti gahetvā voharatīti. <span class="bld">Vācāgira</span>nti vācāsaṅkhātaṃ giraṃ, vācānuccāraṇaṃ vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Khandasivādayo seṭṭhā</span>ti <span class="bld">khandā</span>ti kumārā. <span class="bld">Sivā</span>ti mahessarā, micchādiṭṭhiyā nidassanatthamidaṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Natthikadiṭṭhādayo eva hi kammapathappattā kammanti. <span class="bld">Cetanā panettha abbohārikā</span>ti kāyadvāre vacīdvāre ca samuṭṭhitāpi kāyakammaṃ vacīkammanti ca vohāraṃ na labhati abhijjhādippadhānattā. ‘‘Tividhā, bhikkhave, manosañcetanā akusalaṃ manokamma’’nti pana vacanato sabhāveneva sā manokammaṃ, na abhijjhādipakkhikattāti ‘‘abhijjhādipakkhikāvā’’ti na vuttaṃ. Imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne kāyaṅgavācaṅgāni acopetvā cintanakāle cetanāpi cetanāsampayuttadhammāpi manodvāre <a name="M0.0079"></a> eva samuṭṭhahanti, tasmā cetanāya abbohārikabhāvo kathañci natthīti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">‘‘Tividhā<a name="V0.0075"></a>, bhikkhave, kāyasañcetanā kusalaṃ kāyakamma’’ntiādivacanato (kathā. 539) pāṇātipātādipaṭipakkhabhūtā tabbirativisiṭṭhā cetanāva pāṇātipātaviratiādikā hontīti ‘‘cetanāpakkhikā vā’’ti vuttaṃ, na ‘‘viratipakkhikā’’ti. <span class="bld">Rakkhatī</span>ti avināsetvā katheti. <span class="bld">Bhindatī</span>ti vināsetvā katheti.</p>
<p class="centered">Kammakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cakkhuviññāṇadvāra</span>nti cakkhuviññāṇassa dvāraṃ. Cakkhu ca taṃ viññāṇadvārañcāti vā <span class="bld">cakkhuviññāṇadvāraṃ</span>. Cakkhu viññāṇadvāranti vā asamāsaniddeso. Taṃ pana cakkhumeva. Esa nayo sesesupi. ‘‘Cakkhunā saṃvaro sādhū’’tiādikāya (dha. pa. 360) gāthāya pasādakāyacopanakāyasaṃvare ekajjhaṃ katvā kāyena saṃvaro vutto, taṃ idha bhinditvā aṭṭha saṃvarā, tappaṭipakkhabhāvena asaṃvarā aṭṭha kathitā. Sīlasaṃvarādayopi pañceva saṃvarā sabbadvāresu uppajjamānāpi, tappaṭipakkhabhāvena dussīlyādīni asaṃvarāti vuttāni. Tattha <span class="bld">dussīlyaṃ</span> pāṇātipātādicetanā. <span class="bld">Muṭṭhassaccaṃ</span> satipaṭipakkhā akusalā dhammā. Pamādanti keci. Sītādīsu paṭigho <span class="bld">akkhanti</span>. Thinamiddhaṃ <span class="bld">kosajjaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vinā vacīdvārena suddhaṃ kāyadvārasaṅkhāta</span>nti idaṃ vacīdvārasallakkhitassa musāvādādinopi kāyadvāre pavattisabbhāvā asuddhatā atthīti taṃnivāraṇatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Na hi taṃ kāyakammaṃ hoti. Suddhavacīdvāropalakkhitaṃ pana vacīkammameva hotīti. <span class="bld">Ettha asaṃvaro</span>ti etena suddhakāyadvārena upalakkhito asaṃvaro dvārantare uppajjamānopi vutto. Dvārantarānupalakkhitaṃ sabbaṃ taṃdvārikākusalañceti veditabbaṃ. Evañca katvā kammapathasaṃsandane ‘‘copanakāyaasaṃvaradvāravasena uppajjamāno asaṃvaro akusalaṃ kāyakammameva hotī’’tiādi ‘‘akusalaṃ kāyakammaṃ copanakāyaasaṃvaradvāravasena vacīasaṃvaravasena ca uppajjatī’’tiādinā saha aviruddhaṃ hoti. Asaṃvaro hi dvārantare <a name="M0.0080"></a> uppajjamānopi sadvāre evāti vuccati, sadvāravasena uppannoti ca, kammaṃ aññadvāre aññadvāravasena cāti evaṃ aviruddhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā <span class="bld">etthā</span>ti suddhaṃ asuddhanti etaṃ avicāretvā etasmiṃ copaneti vuttaṃ hoti. Evaṃ sati dvārantaropalakkhitaṃ kammapathabhāvappattatāya vacīmanokammaṃ copanakāyaasaṃvaradvāre uppannaṃ, sesaṃ <a name="V0.0076"></a> sabbaṃ taṃdvāruppannākusalaṃ viya ‘‘copanakāyaasaṃvaro’’ti vuccati. Kammapathabhāvappattiyā dvārantaruppannaṃ kāyakammañca tathā na vuccatīti kammapathasaṃsandanavirodho siyā, tadavirodhaṃ tattheva vakkhāma. Sīlasaṃvarādayo pañca nikkhepakaṇḍe āvi bhavissanti. Tattha ñāṇasaṃvare paccayasannissitasīlassa, vīriyasaṃvare ca ājīvapārisuddhiyā antogadhatā daṭṭhabbā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Akusalakammapathakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Saraseneva ca patanasabhāvassa pāṇassa antarā eva atīva pātanaṃ <span class="bld">atipāto,</span> saṇikaṃ patituṃ adatvāva sīghaṃ pātananti attho. Atikkamma vā satthādīhi abhibhavitvā pātanaṃ <span class="bld">atipāto</span>. Payogavatthumahantatādīhi <span class="bld">mahāsāvajjatā</span> tehi paccayehi uppajjamānāya cetanāya balavabhāvato. Yathāvuttapaccayavipariyāyepi taṃtaṃpaccayehi uppajjamānāya cetanāya balavābalavavaseneva appasāvajjamahāsāvajjatā veditabbā. <span class="bld">Iddhimayo</span> kammavipākajiddhimayo dāṭhākoṭikādīnaṃ viya.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Gottarakkhitā</span> sagottehi rakkhitā. <span class="bld">Dhammarakkhitā</span> sahadhammikehi rakkhitā. Sasāmikā <span class="bld">sārakkhā</span>. Yassā gamane raññā daṇḍo ṭhapito, sā <span class="bld">saparidaṇḍā. Atthabhañjako</span>ti kammapathappattaṃ vuttaṃ. Kammapathakathā hesāti. <span class="bld">Attano santakaṃ adātukāmatāyā</span>tiādi musāvādasāmaññato vuttaṃ. Hasādhippāyena visaṃvādanapurekkhārasseva musāvādo. <span class="bld">Suññabhāva</span>nti pītivirahitatāya rittataṃ. Atthavipannatāya <span class="bld">na hadayaṅgamā. Aggaṇhante</span>ti asaddahante kammapathabhedo na hoti. Yo koci pana samphappalāpo dvīhi sambhārehi sijjhatīti. Attano pariṇāmanaṃ cittenevāti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Micchā passatī</span>ti vitathaṃ passati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Koṭṭhāsato</span>ti <a name="M0.0081"></a> phassapañcamakādīsu cittaṅgakoṭṭhāsesu ye koṭṭhāsā honti, tatoti attho. Nanu ca cetanā kammapathesu na vuttāti paṭipāṭiyā sattannaṃ kammapathabhāvo na yuttoti? Na, avacanassa aññahetuttā. Na hi cetanāya akammapathattā kammapatharāsimhi avacanaṃ, kadāci pana kammapatho hoti, na sabbadāti kammapathabhāvassa aniyatattā avacanaṃ. Yadā pana kammapatho hoti, tadā kammapatharāsisaṅgaho na nivāritoti. ‘‘Pañca sikkhāpadā parittārammaṇā evā’’ti etena adinnādānādīnaṃ sattārammaṇabhāvavirodhaṃ ‘‘sattasaṅkhāte saṅkhāre eva <a name="V0.0077"></a> ārabbha pavattito’’ti sayameva pariharissati. ‘‘Natthi sattā opapātikā’’ti pavattamānā diṭṭhi tebhūmakadhammavisayāvāti saṅkhārārammaṇatā vuttā. Vipākanissandaphalāni yathākkamaṃ nirayādivipākaduggatatādīni.</p>
<p class="centered">Akusalakammapathakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Kusalakammapathakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pāṇātipātādīhi pana viratiyo</span>ti etaṃ yāhi viratīhi sampayuttā cetanā ‘‘kāyavacīkammānī’’ti vuccanti, tāsañca kammapathabhāvo yuttoti katvā vuttaṃ. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘paṭipāṭiyā satta cetanāpi vaṭṭanti viratiyopī’’ti. <span class="bld">Allasasamaṃsa</span>nti jīvamānakasasamaṃsaṃ. Voropetā hutvā nābhijānāmi. Dussīlyādārammaṇā tadārammaṇā. Jīvitindriyādiārammaṇā kathaṃ dussīlyādīni pajahantīti taṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yathā panā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Anabhijjhā…pe… viramantassā</span>ti abhijjhaṃ pajahantassāti attho. Na hi manoduccaritā virati atthi anabhijjhādīheva tappahānato.</p>
<p class="subhead">Kammapathasaṃsandanakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kammapathappattānaṃ dussīlyādīnaṃ asaṃvarānaṃ tathā duccaritānañca akusalakammapathehi kammapathappattānameva ca susīlyādīnaṃ saṃvarānaṃ tathā sucaritānañca kusalakammapathehi atthato nānattābhāvadassanaṃ. Atha vā tesaṃ phassadvārādīhi avirodhabhāvena dīpanaṃ kammapathasaṃsandananti keci vadanti<a name="M0.0082"></a>, tadetaṃ vicāretabbaṃ. Na hi pañcaphassadvārapañcaasaṃvaradvārapañcasaṃvaradvāresu uppannānaṃ asaṃvarānaṃ saṃvarānañca kammapathatā atthi pāṇātipātādīnaṃ parasantakavatthulobhaparasattārammaṇabyāpādaahetukadiṭṭhiādīnañca tesu dvāresu anuppattito. Tividhakaāyaduccaritādīni ca kammapathāti pākaṭā evāti kiṃ tesaṃ kammapathehi nānattābhāvadassanena, na ca duccaritānaṃ sucaritānañca phassadvārādivasena uppatti dīpitā, nāpi asaṃvarānaṃ saṃvarānañca yato tesaṃ phassadvārādīhi avirodhabhāvena dīpanā siyā, kevalaṃ pana phassadvārādivasena <a name="V0.0078"></a> uppannānaṃ asaṃvarānaṃ saṃvarānañca kāyakammāditā dīpitā. Yadi ca ettakaṃ kammapathasaṃsandanaṃ, ‘‘akusalaṃ kāyakammaṃ pañcaphassadvāravasena nuppajjatī’’tiādi kammapathasaṃsandanaṃ na siyā. Esāpi chaphassadvārādīhi avirodhadīpanāti ce, vuttameva pakārantarena dassetuṃ ‘‘atha vā’’ti na vattabbaṃ. Samuccayatthe ca atha vā-sadde kammapathappattāneva dussīlyādīni kāyakammādināmehi vadantehi manokammassa chaphassadvāravasena uppatti na vattabbā. Na hi taṃ cakkhudvārādivasena uppajjatīti. Yadi ca kammapathappattā eva asaṃvarādayo gahitā, duccaritehi aññesaṃ asaṃvarānaṃ abhāvā tesañca taṃtaṃkammabhāvassa vuttattā ‘‘copanakāyaasaṃvaradvāravasena uppanno asaṃvaro akusalaṃ kāyakammameva hotī’’tiādi na vattabbaṃ siyā. Vuccamāne hi tasmiṃ saṅkaro siyā, vacīmanokammānipi hi kāyadvāre uppajjanti, tathā sesadvāresupi kammantarānīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha pana dvārantare uppajjamānaṃ kammantarampi taṃdvārikakammameva siyā, ‘‘tividhaṃ kāyaduccaritaṃ akusalaṃ kāyakammamevā’’tiādi, ‘‘akusalaṃ kāyakammaṃ copanakāyaasaṃvaradvāravasena vācāasaṃvaradvāravasena ca uppajjatī’’tiādi ca virujjheyya. Duccaritānañhi aññadvāracaraṇaṃ atthi, na cassa dvārantaruppannaṃ kammantaraṃ hotīti. Tasmā heṭṭhā kammapathappattānaṃ eva kāyakammādibhāvassa vuttattā sesānañca taṃtaṃdvāruppannānaṃ kusalākusalānaṃ dvārasaṃsandane taṃtaṃdvārapakkhikabhāvassa katattā idha kammapathaṃ appattānañca cetanābhāvato akammānañca asaṃvarānaṃ saṃvarānañca bhajāpiyamānānaṃ kammapathānaṃ viya kāyakammāditādīpanaṃ, kammapathappattānaṃ tividhakāyaduccaritādīnaṃ tividhakāyasucaritādīnañca dvārantaracaraṇepi kāyakammādibhāvāvijahanadīpanaṃ, yathāpakāsitānañca kammapathabhāvaṃ pattānaṃ <a name="M0.0083"></a> apattānañca akusalakāyakammādīnañca kusalakāyakammādīnañca phassadvārādīhi uppattipakāsanañca kammapathasaṃsandanaṃ nāma. Kasmā? Akammapathānaṃ kammapathesu kammapathānañca akammapathesu samānanāmatāvasena, kammapathānaṃ kammapathesu sāmaññanāmāvijahanavasena, ubhayesañca uppattivasena dvāresu ettha saṃsanditattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha tividhakammadvāravasena uppannānaṃ kammānaṃ ñātakammabhāvatāya taṃtaṃkammabhāvassa avacanīyattā kammadvāresu tesaṃ uppattiyā ca vuttattā pañcaviññāṇadvāravasena asaṃvarādīnaṃ uppattipariyāyavacanābhāvato ca kammadvāraviññāṇadvārāni virajjhitvā <span class="bld">‘‘pañcaphassadvāravasena hi uppanno’’</span>tiādi <a name="V0.0079"></a> vuttaṃ. ‘‘Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati sukhaṃ vā’’tiādinā ‘‘cakkhusamphassapaccayā vedanākkhandho atthi kusalo’’tiādinā ca pañcaphassadvāravasena asaṃvarādīnaṃ uppattipariyāyo vutto, na ca ‘‘yamidaṃ cakkhuviññāṇapaccayā’’tiādivacanaṃ atthīti. Vuttampi cetaṃ ‘‘cakkhuviññāṇasahajāto hi phasso cakkhusamphasso’’tiādi (dha. sa. 1 kammakathā; mahāni. aṭṭha. 86). Tena hi asaṃvarānaṃ saṃvarānañca cakkhusamphassādīhi asahajātattā manosamphassasahajātānañca cakkhusamphassadvārādivasena uppatti dīpitāti. ‘‘So hi kāyadvāre copanaṃ patto akusalaṃ kāyakammaṃ hotī’’tiādinā ‘‘copanakāyaasaṃvaradvāravasena uppanno akusalaṃ kāyakammameva hotī’’tiādinā ca vacīkammādīnañca kammapathappattānaṃ asaṃvarabhūtānaṃ kāyakammādibhāve āpanne ‘‘catubbidhaṃ vacīduccaritaṃ akusalaṃ vacīkammameva hotī’’tiādinā apavādena nivatti daṭṭhabbā. Evañca katvā pubbe dassitesu asaṃvaravinicchayesu dutiyavinicchayesu ca na koci virodho. Na hi vacīkammādibhūto copanakāyaasaṃvaro kāyakammādi hotīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Akusalaṃ manokammaṃ pana chaphassadvāravasena uppajjati, taṃ kāyavacīdvāresu copanaṃ pattaṃ akusalaṃ kāyavacīkammaṃ hotī</span>ti ettha kiṃ taṃ akusalaṃ manokammaṃ nāma, heṭṭhā dassitanayena ca kāyavacīdvāresu uppannaṃ tividhaṃ manoduccaritaṃ copanaṃ appattaṃ sabbākusalañca. Yadi evaṃ tassa kāyavacīkammabhāvo natthīti ‘‘copanappattaṃ kāyavacīkammaṃ hotī’’ti na yujjatīti<a name="M0.0084"></a>? No na yujjati copanappattaṃ kāye vācāya ca akusalaṃ kammaṃ hotīti atthasiddhito. Kammaṃ pana hontaṃ kiṃ kammaṃ hotīti? Manokammameva hotīti. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – copanappattaṃ akusalaṃ kāyadvāre vacīdvāre ca manokammaṃ hotīti. Atha vā taṃ-saddassa manokammena sambandhaṃ akatvā chaphassadvāravasena yaṃ uppajjati, tanti yathāvuttauppādamattaparicchinnena sambandho kātabbo. Kiṃ pana tanti? Kammakathāya pavattamānattā kammanti viññāyati, tañca manosamphassadvāre uppajjamānampi tividhaṃ kammaṃ hotīti. Yathā taṃ hoti, taṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kāyavacīdvāresu copanaṃ patta’’</span>ntiādimāha. Tattha niyamassa akatattā copanappatti upalakkhaṇabhāvena kāyavacīkammanāmasādhikāva, na pana sabbampi copanappattaṃ kāyavacīkammameva, nāpi kusalapakkhe copanaṃ appattaṃ kāyavacīkammaṃ na hotīti ayamattho siddhova hotīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha <a name="V0.0080"></a> vā <span class="bld">ta</span>nti taṃ chaphassadvāravasena uppajjamānaṃ manokammanti sabbaṃ manasāpi nipphajjamānaṃ kammaṃ manokammanti codakādhippāyena gahetvā vadati, na pubbe dassitamanokammanti. Yo hi parassa adhippāyo ‘‘manasā nipphattito sabbena manokammeneva bhavitabbaṃ, na kāyavacīkammenā’’ti, taṃ nivattetvā kammattayaniyamaṃ dassetuṃ idamāraddhaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘taṃ kāyavacīdvāresu copanaṃ patta’’</span>ntiādi. Ettha ca saṅkarābhāvo purimanayeneva veditabbo. Atha vā kammanti avisesena kammasaddamattena sambandhaṃ katvā yathāvutto kammappabhedo yathā hoti, taṃ pakāraṃ dasseti. Asaṅkaro ca vuttanayova. Yaṃ pana vadanti ‘‘kāyavacīkammasahajātā abhijjhādayo yadā cetanāpakkhikā honti, tadā tāni manokammāni kāyavacīkammāni hontī’’ti, tañca na, cetanāpakkhikānaṃ manokammattābhāvā. Abbohārikatte ca manokammatā suṭṭhutaraṃ natthi. Vuttampi cetaṃ ‘‘abbohārikā vā’’ti. Tasmā manokammassa kāyavacīkammatā na vattabbā. Abhijjhādikiriyākārikāya eva cetanāya sampayuttā abhijjhādayo manokammaṃ, na pāṇātipātādikāyavacīkiriyākārikāyāti bhiyyopi tesaṃ manokammatāti na tesaṃ manokammānaṃ sataṃ kāyavacīkammatā vattabbāti. Evaṃ kammānaṃ dvāresu dvārānañca kammesu aniyatattā dvāranibandhanaṃ na kataṃ. Idāni akatepi ca dvāranibandhane yesaṃ dvārānaṃ vasena idaṃ cittaṃ uppajjati, tesaṃ taṃtaṃdvārakammapathānañca vasena uppattiyā yathābhaṭṭhapāḷiyā vuttāya <a name="M0.0085"></a> ca dīpanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tattha kāmāvacara’’</span>ntiādimāha. <span class="bld">Cittaṃ tividhakammadvāravasena uppajjatī</span>ti idaṃ manokammadvārabhūtassa tena sabhāvena uppattiṃ gahetvā vuttaṃ. Yathā vā cittaṃ cittādhipateyyanti sampayuttavasena vuccati, evamidhāpīti veditabbaṃ. Copanadvayarahitassa manopabandhassa manokammadvārabhāve pana vattabbameva natthi.</p>
<p class="centered">Kammapathasaṃsandanakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="centered">Dvārakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ayaṃ yojanā</span>ti ‘‘rūpārammaṇaṃ vā…pe… dhammārammaṇaṃ vā’’ti etena saha ‘‘yaṃ yaṃ vā panā’’ti etassa ayaṃ sambandhoti attho. Ko panāyaṃ sambandhoti? Yena vacanāni aññamaññaṃ sambajjhanti, taṃ pubbāparavacane payojanaṃ sambandho. Idha ca sabbārammaṇatādidassanaṃ ‘‘rūpārammaṇaṃ vā…pe… dhammārammaṇaṃ vā’’ti etassa anantaraṃ ‘‘yaṃ yaṃ vā panā’’ti etassa vacane payojanaṃ yojanā daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">‘‘rūpārammaṇaṃ vā…pe… dhammārammaṇaṃ vā ārabbhā’’</span>ti ettakena <a name="V0.0081"></a> āpannaṃ dosaṃ dassetvā tannivattanavasena ‘‘yaṃ yaṃ vā panā’’ti etassa payojanaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘heṭṭhā’’</span>tiādimāha. Dutiye atthavikappe ‘‘yaṃ yaṃ vāpanā’’ti etena appadhānampi rūpādiṃ ākaḍḍhati. Na hi padhānassa cittassa attanoyeva ārammaṇabhāvo atthīti. <span class="bld">Heṭṭhā vuttanayenā</span>ti sabbārammaṇatādinayena. ‘‘Heṭṭhā gahitameva gahitanti vatvā tassa vacane payojanaṃ dassetuṃ ‘rūpaṃ vā…pe… idaṃ vā idaṃ vā ārabbhā’ti kathetuṃ idaṃ vutta’’nti vuttaṃ. Tattha <span class="bld">idaṃ vā idaṃ vā</span>ti etaṃ sabbārammaṇatādiṃ sandhāya kathitanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="title">Dhammuddesavārakathā</p>
<p class="subhead">Phassapañcamakarāsivaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ācariyāna</span>nti revatācariyassa. <span class="bld">Na panetaṃ sārato daṭṭhabbaṃ</span>. Na hi phassādīnaṃ kāmāvacarādibhāvadassanatthaṃ idamāraddhaṃ, kintu tasmiṃ samaye phassādisabhāvadassanatthanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cittassa paṭhamābhinipātattā</span>ti sabbe cetasikā cittāyattā cittakiriyābhāvena vuccantīti phasso ‘‘cittassa paṭhamābhinipāto’’ti vutto. Kāmaṃ <a name="M0.0086"></a> uppannaphasso puggalo cittacetasikarāsi vā ārammaṇena phuṭṭho phassasahajātāya vedanāya taṃsamakālameva vedeti, phasso pana obhāsassa padīpo viya vedanādīnaṃ paccayaviseso hotīti purimakālo viya vutto. Gopānasīnaṃ upari tiriyaṃ ṭhapitakaṭṭhaṃ <span class="bld">pakkhapāso</span>. Kaṭṭhadvayādi viya ekadesena ekapassena anallīyamānopi rūpena saha phassassa sāmaññaṃ anallīyamānaṃ saṅghaṭṭanameva, na visayabhāvo, saṅghaṭṭanañca phassassa cittārammaṇānaṃ sannipatanabhāvo eva. Vatthārammaṇasannipātena sampajjatīti saṅghaṭṭanasampattiko phasso. Pāṇidvayassa sannipāto viya cittārammaṇasannipāto phasso cittassa ārammaṇe sannipatitappavattiyā paccayo hotīti <span class="bld">kiccaṭṭheneva rasena saṅghaṭṭanaraso</span>. Tathā paccayabhāvo hi tassa phassassa saṅghaṭṭanakiccanti. Yathā hi pāṇiyā pāṇimhi saṅghaṭṭanaṃ tabbisesabhūtā rūpadhammā, evaṃ cittassa ārammaṇe saṅghaṭṭanaṃ tabbisesabhūto eko cetasikadhammo daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Citteyevā</span>ti etena cetasikasabhāvataṃ vatthārammaṇehi asaṃsaṭṭhaṃ saṅghaṭṭanaṃ vedanāya dasseti, na pana vatthunissayataṃ paṭikkhipati. Tassa phassassa kāraṇabhūto tadanurūpo <a name="V0.0082"></a> samannāhāro tajjāsamannāhāro. Indriyassa tadabhimukhabhāvo āvajjanāya ca ārammaṇakaraṇaṃ visayassa parikkhatatā abhisaṅkhatatā viññāṇassa visayabhāvakaraṇanti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sukhavedanāyameva labbhati assādabhāvatoti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Vissavitāyā</span>ti arahatāya. Anekatthattā hi dhātūnaṃ arahattho vipubbo susaddo. Vissavaṃ vā sajanaṃ vasitā kāmakāritā <span class="bld">vissavitā. Ārammaṇarasekadesameva anubhavantī</span>ti idaṃ phusanādikiccaṃ ekadesānubhavanamiva hotīti katvā vuttaṃ. Vedayitasabhāvo eva hi anubhavananti. Phusanādibhāvena vā ārammaṇaggahaṇaṃ ekadesānubhavanaṃ, vedayitabhāvena gahaṇaṃ yathākāmaṃ sabbānubhavanaṃ. Evaṃ sabhāvāneva tāni gahaṇānīti na vedanāya viya phassādīnampi yathāsakakiccakaraṇena sāmibhāvānubhavanaṃ codetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Ayaṃ idhā</span>ti etena pañcasu vedanāsu imasmiṃ citte adhippetaṃ somanassavedanaṃ vadati, tasmā asomanassavedanaṃ apanetvā gahitāya somanassavedanāya samānā iṭṭhākārasambhogarasatā vuttāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nimittena <a name="M0.0087"></a> punasañjānanakiccā <span class="bld">paccābhiññāṇarasā</span>. Punasañjānanassa paccayo punasañjānanapaccayo, tadeva nimittaṃ puna…pe… nimittaṃ, tassa karaṇaṃ <span class="bld">puna…pe… karaṇaṃ</span>. Punasañjānanapaccayabhūtaṃ vā nimittakaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">puna…pe… karaṇaṃ,</span> tadassā kiccanti attho. Punasañjānanapaccayanimittakaraṇaṃ nimittakārikāya nimittena sañjānantiyā ca sabbāya saññāya samānaṃ veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Ñāṇameva anuvattati,</span> tasmā abhinivesakārikā viparītaggāhikā ca na hotīti adhippāyo. Etenupāyena samādhisampayuttāya aciraṭṭhānatā ca na hotīti daṭṭhabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Abhisandahatī</span>ti pabandhati pavatteti. <span class="bld">Cetanābhāvo</span> byāpārabhāvo. <span class="bld">Diguṇussāhā</span>ti na diguṇaṃ vīriyayogaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, attano eva pana byāpārakiccassa mahantabhāvaṃ dīpeti. <span class="bld">Ussāhanabhāvenā</span>ti ādarabhāvena. Sā hi sayaṃ ādarabhūtā sampayutte ādarayatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vijānanaṃ</span> ārammaṇassa upaladdhi. <span class="bld">Sandahanaṃ</span> cittantarassa anuppabandhanaṃ. <span class="bld">Cakkhunā hi diṭṭha</span>nti cakkhunā daṭṭhabbaṃ. Yathā ‘‘diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññāta’’nti daṭṭhabbādi vuccati, evamidhāpi veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Cakkhunā hī</span>tiādīsu cakkhunā…pe… manasā dvārenāti attho. Nagaraguttikassa <a name="V0.0083"></a> viya cittassa ārammaṇavibhāvanamattaṃ upadhāraṇamattaṃ upaladdhimattaṃ kiccaṃ, ārammaṇapaṭivedhanapaccābhiññāṇādi pana kiccaṃ paññāsaññādīnanti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Purimaniddiṭṭha</span>nti samayavavatthāne niddiṭṭhaṃ. Bhāvento viya na na uppajjati, kintu uppajjatīti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘cittaṃ hotī’’</span>ti vuttanti etaṃ hoti-saddassa uppajjati-saddassa ca samānatthatte sati yujjeyya, tadatthatte ca tattha uppannaṃ hotīti na vucceyya. Na hi yuttaṃ uppannaṃ uppajjatīti vattuṃ. Cittassa ca uppannatā samayavavatthāne vuttā evāti kiṃ tassa puna uppattidassanena. Yena ca samayavavatthānaṃ kataṃ, tassa niddeso na na sakkā kātunti kiṃ taṃ niddesatthaṃ uddesena dutiyena, niddeseneva ca phassādīhi ca aññattaṃ cittassa sijjhatīti kiṃ tadatthena puna vacanena, aññappayojanattā pana purimassa cittavacanassa pacchimaṃ vuttaṃ. Purimañhi samayavavatthānatthameva vuttaṃ, na vavatthitasamaye vijjamānadhammadassanatthaṃ, itarañca tasmiṃ samaye vijjamānadhammadassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ, na samayavavatthānatthaṃ, na ca aññadatthaṃ vacanaṃ aññadatthaṃ vadati, na ca lesena vuttoti katvā mahākāruṇiko atthaṃ pākaṭaṃ na karotīti.</p>
<p class="centered">Phassapañcamakarāsivaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Jhānaṅgarāsivaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vitakketī</span>ti <a name="M0.0088"></a> dhammato aññassa kattunivattanatthaṃ dhammameva kattāraṃ niddisati. Tassa pana vasavattibhāvanivāraṇatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘vitakkanaṃ vā’’</span>ti bhāvaniddeso. Rūpaṃ rūpanti pathavī pathavīti vā ākoṭento viya hotīti <span class="bld">ākoṭanalakkhaṇo</span>. Ādito, abhimukhaṃ vā hananaṃ <span class="bld">āhananaṃ,</span> parito, parivattetvā vā āhananaṃ <span class="bld">pariyāhananaṃ</span>. Vicārato oḷārikaṭṭhena vicārasseva pubbaṅgamaṭṭhena anuravato oḷāriko tassa ca pubbaṅgamo <span class="bld">ghaṇṭābhighāto viya</span> hoti <span class="bld">vitakko</span>. So yathā ghaṇṭābhighāto paṭhamābhinipāto hoti, evaṃ ārammaṇābhimukhaniropanaṭṭhena paṭhamābhinipāto hoti. <span class="bld">Vipphāravā</span>ti vicalanayutto. <span class="bld">Anuppabandhena pavattiya</span>nti upacāre vā appanāyaṃ vā santānena pavattiyaṃ. Tattha hi vitakko niccalo hutvā ārammaṇaṃ anupavisitvā pavattati. <span class="bld">Maṇḍala</span>nti khalamaṇḍalaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Piṇayatī</span>ti <a name="V0.0084"></a> tappeti, vaḍḍheti vā. <span class="bld">Pharaṇarasā</span>ti paṇītarūpehi kāyassa byāpanarasā. Udaggabhāvo <span class="bld">odagyaṃ. Khuddikā</span> lahuṃ lomahaṃsanamattaṃ katvā bhinnā na puna uppajjati. <span class="bld">Khaṇikā</span> bahulaṃ uppajjati. Ubbegato <span class="bld">pharaṇā</span> niccalattā ciraṭṭhitikattā ca paṇītatarā. Passaddhiyā nimittabhāvena gabbhaṃ gaṇhantī. Appanāsampayuttāva pīti <span class="bld">appanāsamādhipūrikā</span>ti katvā sā ṭhapitā. <span class="bld">Itarā dve</span> khaṇikopacārasamādhipūrikā pītī.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Samādhicittenā</span>ti samādhisahitacittena. <span class="bld">Avisāro</span> attano eva avisaraṇasabhāvo. <span class="bld">Avikkhepo</span> sampayuttānaṃ avikkhittatā. Yena sampayuttā avikkhittā honti, so dhammo avikkhepoti. <span class="bld">Visesato</span>ti yebhuyyena. Sukhavirahitopi hi atthi samādhīti. Padīpanidassanena santānaṭṭhitibhāvaṃ samādhissa dasseti.</p>
<p class="centered">Jhānaṅgarāsivaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Indriyarāsivaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Saddahanti etāyā</span>ti saddahanakiriyāya pavattamānānaṃ dhammānaṃ tattha ādhipaccabhāvena saddhāya paccayataṃ dasseti. Tassā hi dhammānaṃ tathāpaccayabhāve <a name="M0.0089"></a> sati ‘‘puggalo saddahatī’’ti vohāro hoti. Pasādanīyaṭṭhānesu pasādassa paṭipakkhabhūtaṃ akusalaṃ assaddhiyaṃ micchādhimokkho ca. Pasādabhūto nicchayo vatthugato adhimokkhalakkhaṇaṃ, na yevāpanakādhimokkhoti. <span class="bld">Indaṭṭhaṃ kāretī</span>ti ‘‘maṃ antarena tumhākaṃ adhimuccanaṃ natthi, mayā saddahathā’’ti viya attānaṃ anuvatteti sampayuttadhamme. Evaṃ sesesupi. <span class="bld">Pakkhandana</span>nti saṃsīdanaṃ. <span class="bld">Paṅko</span> kaddamato ghanībhūto hoti. <span class="bld">Paṇakaṃ</span> picchilaṃ udakamalaṃ. Pītaṃ udakaṃ. <span class="bld">Okappanalakkhaṇā</span>ti anupavisitvā evametanti kappanalakkhaṇā. Akalusabhāvo <span class="bld">akālusiyaṃ,</span> anāvilabhāvoti attho. Buddhādivatthūni <span class="bld">saddheyyāni</span>. Sappurisūpasevanasaddhammasavanayonisomanasikāradhammānudhammapaṭipattiyo <span class="bld">sotāpattiyaṅgāni</span>. Kusaladhammānaṃ ādāne <span class="bld">hattho</span> viya, sabbasampattinipphādane <span class="bld">vittaṃ</span> viya, amatakasiphalaphalane <span class="bld">bījaṃ</span> viya daṭṭhabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vīrabhāvo</span>ti <a name="V0.0085"></a> yena vīro nāma hoti, so dhammoti attho. Anubalappadānaṃ <span class="bld">paggaho</span>. Maggo gantabbo hoti, maggo gato, kammaṃ kattabbaṃ, kammaṃ kataṃ, appamattako ābādho uppanno, gilānā vuṭṭhito hoti aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā, gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto na labhati lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ, labhati…pe… pāripūrinti etāni anurūpapaccavekkhaṇāsahitāni aṭṭha vīriyārambhavatthūni taṃmūlakāni vā paccavekkhaṇāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Cirakatādiārammaṇaṃ upagantvā ṭhānaṃ, anissajjanaṃ vā ārammaṇassa <span class="bld">upaṭṭhānaṃ</span>. Udake alābu viya ārammaṇaṃ pilavitvā gantuṃ appadānaṃ pāsāṇassa viya niccalassa ārammaṇassa ṭhapanaṃ sāraṇaṃ asammuṭṭhatākaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">apilāpanaṃ</span>. Apilāpe karoti <span class="bld">apilāpeti. Gatiyo</span>ti nipphattiyo sambhavato phalato ca. <span class="bld">Aparo nayo</span>ti rasādidassanatthaṃ āraddhaṃ. Sammosapaccanīkaṃ kiccaṃ <span class="bld">asammoso,</span> na sammosābhāvamattaṃ. Satiyā vatthubhūtā kāyādayo <span class="bld">kāyādisatipaṭṭhānā,</span> satiyoyeva vā purimā pacchimānaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vikkhepassa</span> uddhaccassa. <span class="bld">Paññāpetī</span>ti pakārehi jānāpeti. <span class="bld">Ekālokā hotī</span>ti vipassanupakkilesobhāsaṃ sandhāyāha. Manate vijānāti etenāti vā <span class="bld">mano,</span> evañca katvā ‘‘manañca paṭicca dhamme cā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.204, 400; 3.421, 425) kāraṇabhāvena <a name="M0.0090"></a> mano vutto. Sabbo hi mano attano anantarassa viññāṇassa kāraṇanti. <span class="bld">Vijānātī</span>ti paricchinnopaladdhivasena jānāti, na saññāpaññā viya sañjānanapaṭivijjhanavasena.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pītisomanassasampayogato</span>ti vutte yena yogā sumano hoti, taṃ somanassanti vuccatīti pītiyā ca somanassabhāvo āpajjati, tasmā vināpi kāyena vatthunā sātavedanāsampayogatoti yojetabbaṃ. Evañca nippītikaṃ somanassañca saṅgahitaṃ hoti, pītiupalakkhitaṃ vā somanassaṃ sappītikaṃ nippītikañca somanassanti attho daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pavattasantatādhipateyya</span>nti pavattasaṅkhātāya santatiyā adhipatibhūtaṃ. Jīvitindriyassa hi attano vijjamānakkhaṇe anupālentassa anantarañca sānupālanānaṃ uppattiyā hetubhūtassa vasena pavattaṃ ciraṭṭhitikaṃ hoti, taṃtaṃkammavisesena visesayuttaṃ yāva cuti avisesena vā yāva parinibbānaṃ avicchinnaṃ pavattati jīvamānatāvisesayuttañcāti rūpārūpajīvitindriyānaṃ samānalakkhaṇādiṃ <a name="V0.0086"></a> vattuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘attanā avinibhuttadhammāna’’</span>nti āha. Anupāletabbānaṃ <span class="bld">atthikkhaṇeyeva</span>. Asati hi anupāletabbe uppalādimhi kiṃ udakaṃ anupāleyyāti. <span class="bld">Tassa tassā</span>ti anupālanādikassa. <span class="bld">Sādhanato</span>ti sādhanena. Taṃsādhanañca jīvamānavisesapaccayabhāvato.</p>
<p class="centered">Indriyarāsivaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Maggaṅgarāsivaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sammā</span>ti aviparītaniyyānikabhāvena. <span class="bld">Pasatthatā</span> ca evameva daṭṭhabbā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Balarāsivaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Assaddhiye</span>ti assaddhiyakāraṇā. <span class="bld">Ubhayapadavasenā</span>ti saddhāpadaṃ balapadanti evamādipadadvayavasena. Niyakajjhattaṃ jātiādisamuṭṭhānaṃ etissāti <span class="bld">ajjhattasamuṭṭhānā</span>. Garunā kismiñci vutte gāravavasena patissavanaṃ patissavo, saha patissavena <span class="bld">sappatissavaṃ,</span> patissavabhūtaṃ taṃsabhāgañca yaṃkiñci <a name="M0.0091"></a> gāravanti attho. <span class="bld">Jāti</span>ādimahattapaccavekkhaṇena uppajjamānā ca hirī tattha gāravavasena pavattatīti <span class="bld">‘‘sappatissavalakkhaṇā’’</span>ti vuccati. Vajjaṃ bhāyati tañca bhayato passatīti <span class="bld">vajjabhīrukabhayadassāvī</span>. Evaṃsabhāvaṃ ottappaṃ. Hirī pāpadhamme gūthaṃ viya passati, ottappaṃ uṇhaṃ viya. <span class="bld">Dāyajjaṃ</span> navalokuttaradhammādi. Ajjhattasamuṭṭhānāditā ca hirīottappānaṃ tattha tattha pākaṭabhāvena vuttā, na pana tesaṃ kadāci aññamaññaṃ vippayogā. Na hi lajjanaṃ nibbhayaṃ pāpabhayaṃ vā alajjanaṃ hotīti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Mūlarāsivaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Agedho</span> anabhijjhanaṃ anabhikaṅkhanaṃ. Anallīno bhāvo adhippāyo etassāti <span class="bld">anallīnabhāvo,</span> evañhi upamāya sameti. <span class="bld">Anukūlamitto</span> anuvattako. <span class="bld">Vinayaraso</span>ti vinayanaraso. <span class="bld">Adoso dussīlyamalassā</span>ti idaṃ dussīlyassa dosasamuṭṭhānataṃ dosūpanissayatañca sandhāya <a name="V0.0087"></a> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Abhāvanāyā</span>ti ‘‘tattha jātānaṃ dhammānaṃ anativattanaṭṭhena bhāvanāindriyānaṃ ekarasaṭṭhena bhāvanā tadupagavīriyavāhanaṭṭhena bhāvanā āsevanaṭṭhena bhāvanā’’ti evaṃ vuttāya paññāsādhanāya bhāvanāya appavatti, tappaṭipakkhabhūtā vā akusalā <span class="bld">abhāvanā</span>. Nigguṇepi guṇaggahaṇaṃ <span class="bld">adhikaggahaṇaṃ</span>. Vijjamānampi guṇaṃ viddhaṃsetvā gahaṇaṃ <span class="bld">ūnaggahaṇaṃ</span>. Catuvipallāsaggahaṇaṃ <span class="bld">viparītaggahaṇaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yāthāvasabhāve</span>ti ‘‘ettako etassa guṇo, ettako doso’’ti guṇadosānaṃ sabhāve ‘‘jarādhammo jīrati, taṃ kutettha labbhā mā jīrī’’ti evamādipaccavekkhaṇasambhavato. <span class="bld">Alobhena ca gahaṭṭhānaṃ</span> khettavatthādīsu vivādābhāvato. <span class="bld">Amohena pabbajitānaṃ</span> diṭṭhigatavivādābhāvato. Kāmarāgābhinivesavinibandhā hi gahaṭṭhā gahaṭṭhehi vivadanti, diṭṭhirāgābhinivesavinibandhā samaṇā samaṇehīti. Rāgavasena mittasanthavo dosavasena virodho ca tabbisesena <span class="bld">upagamāpagamā,</span> ārammaṇe vā rūpādimhi anurodhavirodhā. <span class="bld">Amajjhattabhāvassa</span> paṭighānunayasaṅkhātassa mohena pavatti. Sukhavipariṇāme dukkhasamāyoge ca paṭighapavattiyaṃ vedanāpariggaho na sijjhatīti adosānubhāvena vedanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ sijjhati. <span class="bld">Dibbavihārassā</span>ti catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ. <span class="bld">Ariyavihāro</span> phalasamāpatti. Mohena avicārento udāsīnapakkhesupi sattasaṅkhāresu sabbesu <a name="M0.0092"></a> abhisaṅgaṃ karotīti amūḷhassa tadabhāvo veditabbo. Dukkhadassanassa āsannapaṭipakkhattā dosassa tappaṭipakkhena adosena dukkhadassanaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Kammapatharāsivaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sukhādīni attano <span class="bld">na byāpādeti</span> na vināseti parassa cāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Kammapathatātaṃsabhāgatāhi <span class="bld">kammapathavasena</span>.</p>
<p class="subhead">Passaddhādiyugalavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Daratho</span> sārambho, dukkhadomanassapaccayānaṃ uddhaccādikānaṃ kilesānaṃ catunnaṃ vā khandhānaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Uddhaccappadhānā kilesā uddhaccādikilesā, uddhaccaṃ vā ādiṃ katvā sabbakilese saṅgaṇhāti. <span class="bld">Suvaṇṇavisuddhi viyā</span>ti yathā suvaṇṇavisuddhi alaṅkāravikativiniyogakkhamā, evaṃ ayampi hitakiriyāviniyogakkhamā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Samaṃ<a name="V0.0088"></a>, samantato vā pakārehi jānanaṃ <span class="bld">sampajaññaṃ</span>. Cetiyavandanādiatthaṃ abhikkamādīsu atthānatthapariggaṇhanaṃ <span class="bld">sātthakasampajaññaṃ</span>. Sati ca atthe sappāyāsappāyarūpādipariggaṇhanaṃ <span class="bld">sappāyasampajaññaṃ</span>. Gocaragāmābhikkamanādīsu kammaṭṭhānāvijahanaṃ <span class="bld">gocarasampajaññaṃ</span>. Abhikkamanādīnaṃ dhātuādivasena pavicayo <span class="bld">asammohasampajaññaṃ</span>. Sabbakammaṭṭhānabhāvanānuyuttānaṃ sabbayogīnaṃ sabbadā upakārakā ime dve dhammā pāripanthakaharaṇato bhāvanāvaḍḍhanato ca. Yathāha ‘‘dve dhammā bahukārā sati ca sampajaññañcā’’ti (dī. ni. 3.352). Yuge naddhā viyāti <span class="bld">yuganaddhā,</span> aññamaññaṃ nimittabhāvena samaṃ pavattāti attho. ‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu samathavipassanaṃ yuganaddhaṃ bhāvetī’’ti (a. ni. 4.170; paṭi. ma. 2.1) hi sutte etesaṃ yuganaddhatā vuttā. Sabbakusaladhammesu līnuddhaccābhāvo etehi dvīhi samaṃ yuttehīti <span class="bld">‘‘vīriyasamādhiyojanatthāyā’’</span>ti āha, yogavacanatthāyāti attho.</p>
<p class="subhead">Yevāpanakavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Rūpābhāvenā</span>ti ruppanābhāvena. <span class="bld">Dhammā</span>ti etassa attho sabhāvato upalabbhamānāti. <span class="bld">Mettāpubbabhāgo</span>ti appanāppattāya mettāya pubbabhāgo<a name="M0.0093"></a>, parikammamettā etasmiṃ citte atthīti attho. <span class="bld">Virativasenā</span>ti vacīpavattiyā na pūreti, kintu viratiyogenāti attho. <span class="bld">Apaṇṇakaṅgānī</span>ti aviraddhaṅgāni. Yathā tathā vā ārammaṇe vinicchayanaṃ <span class="bld">adhimuccanaṃ</span>. Na hi anadhimuccanto pāṇātipātādīsu dānādīsu vā pavattati, saddhā pana pasādanīyesu pasādādhimokkhoti ayametesaṃ viseso. Dārakassa viya ito cito ca saṃsappanassa karissāmi na karissāmīti avinicchayassa paṭipakkhakiriyā <span class="bld">asaṃsappanaṃ. Purimamanato</span>ti bhavaṅgato. <span class="bld">Visadisaṃ</span> vīthijavanaṃ <span class="bld">manaṃ karotī</span>ti manasikārasāmaññena vīthijavanapaṭipādake dasseti. <span class="bld">Tesu dhammesū</span>ti cittacetasikadhammesu. Atadārammaṇattepi hi tesu samappavattesu udāsīnabhāvato <span class="bld">tatramajjhattatā</span>ti vuccati. Alīnānuddhatappavattipaccayattā <span class="bld">ūnādhikanivāraṇarasā</span>. <span class="bld">Kāyaduccaritādivatthūna</span>nti pāṇādīnaṃ. <span class="bld">Amaddanā</span> maddanapaṭipakkhabhāvova.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Taṃtaṃrāsikiccavasena vibhāgarahitā <span class="bld">avibhattikā. Etthā</span>ti etesu savibhattikesu dutiyaṭṭhānādīsupi bhājiyamānesu apubbaṃ natthīti attho. <span class="bld">Padaṃ pūrita</span>nti jhānādipadaṃ pañcakādivasena pūritaṃ. Pañca hi aṅgāni jhānapadassa attho, tesu ekasmiñca ūne jhānapadaṃ <a name="V0.0089"></a> ūnaṃ hotīti. Padasamūho padakoṭṭhāso vā taṃ tameva vā padaṃ, avuttaṃ hāpitaṃ nāma hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘pūrita’’nti. Vuttasmiññeva vuccamāne anekesaṃ purisasaddānaṃ viya koci sambandho natthīti maññamāno āha <span class="bld">‘‘ananusandhikā kathā’’</span>ti. Antarantarā vuttasmiññeva vuccamāne anukkamena dhammā kathitā na hontīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘uppaṭipāṭiyā’’</span>ti. Phassapañcamakarāsi sabbacittuppādasādhāraṇavasena catukkhandhatappaccayasaṅgahavasena ca vutto. Yathāvuttesu pana rāsīsu ekarāsikiccassapi abhāvā chandādayo yevāpanakavasena vuttā. Vuttānampi ca dhammānaṃ yathā vedanādīnaṃ jhānaṅgādibhāvo vutto, na evaṃ sovacassatākalyāṇamittatādiviseso vuttoti tassa saṅgaṇhanatthaṃ keci dhamme visuṃ ṭhapetvā te ca tañca visesaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ye vā panā’’</span>ti āha. Veneyyajjhāsayavasena vā sāvasese dhamme vatvā <span class="bld">‘‘ye vā panā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="centered">Yevāpanakavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="centered">Dhammuddesavārakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="chapter">Kāmāvacarakusalaṃ</p>
<p class="subhead">Niddesavārakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para2"></a><span class="paranum">2</span>. <span class="bld">Phusanakavasenā</span>ti <a name="M0.0094"></a> sante asantepi visaye āpāthagate cittassa sannipatanavasena ‘‘cittaṃ mano’’tiādīsu (dha. sa. 6, 17) viya kiccavisesaṃ, ‘‘mānasa’’ntiādīsu (dha. sa. 6, 17) viya samāne atthe saddavisesaṃ, ‘‘paṇḍara’’ntiādīsu (dha. sa. 6, 17) viya guṇavisesaṃ, ‘‘cetasikaṃ sāta’’ntiādīsu (dha. sa. 2, 18) viya nissayavisesaṃ, ‘‘cittassa ṭhitī’’tiādīsu (dha. sa. 15, 24) viya aññassa avatthābhāvavisesaṃ, ‘‘alubbhanā’’tiādīsu (dha. sa. 32) viya aññassa kiriyābhāvavisesaṃ, ‘‘alubbhitatta’’ntiādīsu (dha. sa. 32) viya aññassa kiriyābhāvabhūtatāvisesantiādikaṃ anapekkhitvā dhammamattadīpanaṃ sabhāvapadaṃ. Phusantassa hi cittassa <a name="V0.0090"></a> phusanakiriyā <span class="bld">phusanākāro. Samphusanā</span>ti ārammaṇasamāgamaphusanā, na paṭilābhasamphusanā. Samphusitassa ārammaṇena samāgatassa cittassa bhāvo <span class="bld">samphusitattaṃ</span>. Yasmiṃ sati cittaṃ samphusitanti vuccati, so tassa bhāvo. Evaṃ aññesupi bhāvaniddesesu daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Aparassa vevacanassa, aparena vā purimatthassa dīpanā <span class="bld">aparadīpanā</span>. ‘‘Paṇḍiccaṃ kosalla’’nti evamādayo paññāvisesā nānākāle labbhamānāpi ekasmiṃ citte labbhanti. Ekasmiñca visese itarepi anugatā hontīti dassetuṃ tathā vibhatti atthato vibhatti hoti atthanānattena katattā. Atha vā yathā ‘‘kodho kujjhanā kujjhitatta’’nti (dha. sa. 1066) sabhāvākārabhāvaniddesehi kodhoti evamākārova attho vutto, na evamidha, idha pana paṇḍitādibhāvākārabhinno attho vuttoti idaṃ vibhattigamanaṃ atthavasena hoti. <span class="bld">Samphusitatta</span>nti etthāpi na ‘‘phasso’’ti evamākārova attho vutto. <span class="bld">Samphasso</span>ti evamākāro pana vuttoti atthato vibhattigamananti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Doso byāpādoti uddesepi nāmanānattena nānābhūto uddiṭṭho. Niddesepi teneva nānattena niddiṭṭho. <span class="bld">Ekova khandho hotī</span>ti ekena khandhasaddena vattabbataṃ sandhāyāha. <span class="bld">Cetanā</span>ti saṅkhārakkhandhaṃ dasseti tappamukhattā. <span class="bld">Asaddhammā</span>ti asataṃ, asanto vā dhammā, na vā saddhammāti asaddhammāti asaddhammavacanīyabhāvena ekībhūtopi asaddhammo kodhagarutādivisiṭṭhena saddhammagarutāpaṭikkhepanānattena nānattaṃ gatoti <span class="bld">‘‘cattāro’’</span>ti <a name="M0.0095"></a> vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Na saddhammagarutā</span>ti vuccamānā vā asaddhammagarutā asaddhammagarutābhāvena ekībhūtāpi kodhādivisiṭṭhapaṭikkhepanānattena nānattaṃ gatā. Paṭipakkho vā paṭikkhipīyati tena, sayaṃ vā paṭikkhipatīti paṭikkhepoti vuccatīti saddhammagarutāpaṭikkhepanānattena asaddhammagarutā asaddhammā vā nānattaṃ gatā. <span class="bld">Alobho</span>tiādīnaṃ phassādīhi nānattaṃ lobhādivisiṭṭhena paṭikkhepena lobhādipaṭipakkhena vā veditabbaṃ. Alobhādosāmohānaṃ aññamaññanānattaṃ yathāvuttena paṭikkhepanānattena yojetabbaṃ. Padatthassa padantarena vibhāvanaṃ <span class="bld">padatthuti</span>. Tena hi taṃ padaṃ mahatthanti dīpitaṃ hoti alaṅkatañcāti. Atthavisesābhāvepi ābharaṇavasena ca ādaravasena ca puna vacanaṃ <span class="bld">daḷhīkammaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para3"></a><span class="paranum">3</span>. <span class="bld">Tajja</span>nti tassa phalassa anucchavikaṃ. Na kevalaṃ niddisiyamānaṃ sātameva adhikataṃ<a name="V0.0091"></a>, atha kho yathāniddiṭṭhāni ārammaṇānipīti <span class="bld">‘‘tehi vā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Tassa vā jātā kāraṇabhāvena phassatthaṃ pavattāti <span class="bld">tajjā</span>. Taṃsamaṅgīpuggalaṃ, sampayuttadhamme vā attani sādayatīti <span class="bld">sātaṃ</span> da-kārassa ta-kāraṃ katvā. Suṭṭhu khādati, khaṇati vā dukkhanti <span class="bld">sukhaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para5"></a><span class="paranum">5</span>. <span class="bld">Pāso</span>ti rāgapāso. So hi nirāvaraṇattā <span class="bld">antalikkhacaro</span>. Akusalampi <span class="bld">paṇḍara</span>nti vuttaṃ, ko pana vādo kusalanti adhippāyo. Tañhi paṇḍarato nikkhantaṃ sayañca paṇḍaranti. Atha vā sabbampi cittaṃ sabhāvato paṇḍarameva, āgantukopakkilesavodānehi pana sāvajjānavajjānaṃ upakkiliṭṭhavisuddhataratā hontīti. Dāruppamāṇesu silādīsu khandhapaññattiyā abhāvā kiñci nimittaṃ anapekkhitvā dārumhi pavattā khandhapaññattīti <span class="bld">‘‘paṇṇattimattaṭṭhenā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Taṃ-saddena manoviññāṇadhātuyeva vucceyya niddisitabbattāti na tassā tajjatā. Tehi ārammaṇehi jātā <span class="bld">tajjā</span>ti ca vuccamāne samphassajatā na vattabbā. Na hi so ārammaṇaṃ, nāpi visesapaccayo. ‘‘Tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso’’ti viññāṇameva phassassa visesapaccayoti vuttoti tasmā na viññāṇaṃ visesapaccayabhūtaṃ samphassajatāya tajjāmanoviññāṇadhātusamphassajāpaññattiṃ labhati, na ca tadeva tassa kāraṇabhāvena phalabhāvena ca vuccamānaṃ suviññeyyaṃ hotīti. Kiṃ vā etena, yathā bhagavatā vuttā taṃsabhāvāyeva te dhammāti na evaṃvidhesu kāraṇaṃ maggitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para7"></a><span class="paranum">7</span>. <span class="bld">Evaṃ</span> <a name="M0.0096"></a> <span class="bld">takkanavasena</span> lokasiddhenāti adhippāyo. Evañcevañca bhavitabbanti vividhaṃ takkanaṃ kūpe viya udakassa ārammaṇassa ākaḍḍhanaṃ vitakkanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para8"></a><span class="paranum">8</span>. Samantato caraṇaṃ <span class="bld">vicaraṇaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para9"></a><span class="paranum">9</span>. <span class="bld">Attamanatā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">atta</span>-saddena na cittaṃ vuttaṃ. Na hi cittassa mano atthīti. Attamanassa pana puggalassa bhāvo attamanatāti vatvā puna puggaladiṭṭhinisedhanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘cittassā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para11"></a><span class="paranum">11</span>. Na balavatī, kasmā avaṭṭhiti vuttāti? Ekaggacittena pāṇavadhādikaraṇe tathā avaṭṭhānamattabhāvato<a name="V0.0092"></a>. Virūpaṃ, vividhaṃ vā saṃharaṇaṃ vikiraṇaṃ <span class="bld">visāhāro,</span> saṃharaṇaṃ vā sampiṇḍanaṃ, tadabhāvo <span class="bld">visāhāro</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para12"></a><span class="paranum">12</span>. <span class="bld">Aññasmiṃ pariyāye</span>ti aññasmiṃ kāraṇe. <span class="bld">Samānādhikaraṇabhāvo</span> dvinnaṃ bahūnaṃ vā padānaṃ ekasmiṃ atthe pavatti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para13"></a><span class="paranum">13</span>. <span class="bld">Ārambhati cā</span>ti āpajjati ca. Uddhaṃ yamanaṃ <span class="bld">uyyāmo. Dhura</span>nti nipphādetuṃ āraddhaṃ kusalaṃ, paṭiññaṃ vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para14"></a><span class="paranum">14</span>. <span class="bld">Tiṇṇa</span>nti buddhādīnaṃ. Citte ārammaṇassa upaṭṭhānaṃ jotanañca satiyevāti tassā etaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para16"></a><span class="paranum">16</span>. Pāsāṇasakkharavālikādirahitā bhūmi saṇhāti <span class="bld">‘‘saṇhaṭṭhenā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para19"></a><span class="paranum">19</span>. <span class="bld">Ayantī</span>ti ekakammanibbattamanussādisantatiavicchedavasena pavattanti. Kusalākusalesupi hi jīvitaṃ indriyapaccayabhāvena sampayutte pavattayamānameva tadavicchedassa paccayo hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para30"></a><span class="paranum">30</span>. <span class="bld">Yaṃ hirīyatī</span>ti hirīyati-saddena vutto bhāvo yaṃ-saddena vuccatīti <span class="bld">ya</span>nti bhāvanapuṃsakaṃ vā etaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Hiriyitabbenā</span>ti ca hetuatthe karaṇavacanaṃ yujjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para32"></a><span class="paranum">32</span>. <span class="bld">Alubbhanakavasenā</span>ti <a name="M0.0097"></a> ettha alubbhanameva alubbhanakanti bhāvaniddeso daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para33"></a><span class="paranum">33</span>. <span class="bld">Abyāpajjo</span>ti byāpādena dukkhena domanassasaṅkhātena dosena viya na byāpādetabbotipi attho yujjati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para42-43"></a><span class="paranum">42-43</span>. Thinamiddhādipaṭipakkhabhāvena kusaladhamme aniccādimanasikāre ca sīghaṃ sīghaṃ parivattanasamatthatā <span class="bld">lahupariṇāmatā,</span> avijjānīvaraṇānañhi taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sattānaṃ akusalappavatti <a name="V0.0093"></a> pakatibhūtāti na tattha lahupariṇāmatāya attho. Tesañca bhāvo garutāyevāti tabbidhurasabhāvānaṃ <span class="bld">lahutā</span> daṭṭhabbā. Sā hi pavattamānā sīghaṃ bhavaṅgavuṭṭhānassa paccayo hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para44-45"></a><span class="paranum">44-45</span>. Ye ca dhammā mohasampayuttā viya avipannalahutā, tesañca kusalakaraṇe appaṭighāto mudutā. Appaṭighātena mudutādirūpasadisatāya arūpadhammānampi mudutā maddavatātiādi vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para46-47"></a><span class="paranum">46-47</span>. Sinehavasena kilinnaṃ atimudukaṃ cittaṃ akammaññaṃ hoti vilīnaṃ viya suvaṇṇaṃ, mānādivasena atithaddhañca atāpitaṃ viya suvaṇṇaṃ, yaṃ panānurūpamudutāyuttaṃ, taṃ kammaññaṃ hoti yuttamaddavaṃ viya suvaṇṇaṃ. Tasseva mudukassa yo kammaññākāro, sā <span class="bld">kammaññatā</span>ti mudutāvisiṭṭhā kammaññatā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para50-51"></a><span class="paranum">50-51</span>. Paccosakkanabhāvena pavattaṃ akusalameva <span class="bld">paccosakkanaṃ. Ekavīsati anesanā</span> nāma vejjakammaṃ karoti, dūtakammaṃ karoti, pahiṇakammaṃ karoti, gaṇḍaṃ phāleti, arumakkhanaṃ deti, uddhaṃvirecanaṃ deti, adhovirecanaṃ deti, natthutelaṃ pacati, cakkhutelaṃ pacati, veḷudānaṃ deti, paṇṇadānaṃ deti, pupphadānaṃ deti, phaladānaṃ deti, sinānadānaṃ deti, dantakaṭṭhadānaṃ deti, mukhodakadānaṃ deti, cuṇṇadānaṃ deti, mattikādānaṃ deti, cāṭukakammaṃ karoti, muggasūpiyaṃ, pāribhaṭyaṃ, jaṅghapesaniyaṃ dvāvīsatimaṃ dūtakammena sadisaṃ, tasmā ekavīsati. <span class="bld">Cha agocarā</span> vesiyāgocaro, vidhavā, thullakumārī, paṇḍaka, pānāgāra, bhikkhunīagocaroti. <span class="bld">Saṅkhepato</span>ti sarūpena anuddiṭṭhattā ‘‘tattha katamo chando’’tiādi na <a name="M0.0098"></a> sakkā vattunti ‘‘yo chando chandikatā’’tiādiniddesaṃ saṅkhipitvā <span class="bld">‘‘ye vā panā’’</span>ti niddeso katoti attho.</p>
<p class="centered">Niddesavārakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Koṭṭhāsavāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para58-120"></a><span class="paranum">58-120</span>. Niddesavāre <a name="V0.0094"></a> pucchādīnaṃ paccekaṃ anekattepi pucchādibhāvena ekattaṃ upanetvā catuparicchedatā vuttā. Cattāro dveti evamādikaṃ saṅkhipitvā saha vā gahaṇaṃ <span class="bld">saṅgaho. Ṭhapetvā yevāpanake</span>ti saṅgahetabbe sandhāya vuttaṃ. Te hi visuṃ visuṃ uddiṭṭhattā niddiṭṭhattā ca vippakiṇṇāti saṅgahetabbā honti, na yevāpanakā saṅgahagamaneneva tathā avippakiṇṇattā. Yasmā pana saṅkhārakkhandhapariyāpannā honti, tasmā taṃniddese akhandhabhāvanivāraṇatthaṃ yevāpanātveva vuttāti na yevāpanakā ṭhapetabbāti. <span class="bld">Paccayasaṅkhātenā</span>ti āhārapaccayasaṅkhātenāti vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā ‘‘hetu paccayo’’ti etesu dvīsu janako hetu upatthambhako paccayoti evaṃ visesavantesu <span class="bld">paccayasaṅkhātena</span>. Yathā hi kabaḷīkārāhāro ojaṭṭhamakarūpāharaṇena rūpakāyaṃ upatthambheti, evamimepi vedanādiāharaṇena nāmakāyanti. <span class="bld">Tathā ca hontī</span>ti sādhāraṇe sahajātādipaccaye sandhāyāha. <span class="bld">Aññathā cā</span>ti aññena ca ekenākārena paccayā hontiyevāti āhārāti vuccantīti attho. Tasmā āharaṇakiccarahitānaṃ hetuadhipatiādīnaṃ natthi āhārabhāvappasaṅgo. <span class="bld">Tisso ca vedanā āharatī</span>tiādi yathāsambhavavasena vuttaṃ, na imasmiṃyeva citte phassādivasena. <span class="bld">Tayo ca bhave</span>ti kāmādibhavabhūtaṃ viññāṇaṃ visesena, avisesena ca pañcupādānakkhandhe.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ārammaṇaṃ upagantvā nijjhāyanaṃ cintanaṃ <span class="bld">upanijjhāyanaṃ</span>. <span class="bld">Hetvaṭṭhenā</span>ti upāyatthena, na mūlatthena. Pubbabhāge gato paṭipanno nānākkhaṇiko aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo lokuttarakkhaṇeva saha pavatto <span class="bld">yathāgatamaggo</span>ti vutto. Vipassanākkhaṇato pubbeva kāyakammādīnaṃ suparisuddhatāya aṭṭhaṅgikamaggupanissayassa ‘‘ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchatī’’ti <a name="M0.0099"></a> (ma. ni. 3.431) evaṃ vuttena pariyāyena pubbabhāgamaggassa aṭṭhaṅgikatā yathāgatavacanena dīpitā, na ekakkhaṇe aṭṭhannaṃ aṅgānaṃ sabbhāvāti evamassapi pariyāyadesanatā veditabbā. Vijānanameva cittavicittatāti <span class="bld">‘‘cittavicittaṭṭhena ekova dhammo viññāṇakkhandho’’</span>ti āha. Cattāro khandhā hontītiādīsu vedanākkhandhādīnaṃ saṅgahe katepi puna ‘‘eko vedanākkhandho hotī’’tiādivacanaṃ na aneke vedanākkhandhādayo jātiniddesena idha vuttāti dassanatthaṃ. Indriyesu ca ekassa jātiniddesabhāve paṭikkhitte aññesaṃ indriyānaṃ āhārādīnañca tappaṭikkhepo kato hotīti pubbaṅgamassa manindriyasseva katoti daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="centered">Koṭṭhāsavāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Suññatavāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para121-145"></a><span class="paranum">121-145</span>. <span class="bld">Etthā</span>ti <a name="V0.0095"></a> etasmiṃ yathāvutte samaye, etesu vā dhammesu. <span class="bld">Bhāvo</span>ti satto, yo koci vā attho.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dutiyacittādivaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para146"></a><span class="paranum">146</span>. <span class="bld">Sappayogenā</span>ti līnassa cittassa ussāhanapayogasahitena. <span class="bld">Saupāyenā</span>ti kusalassa karaṇākaraṇesu ādīnavānisaṃsapaccavekkhaṇaṃ parehi ussāhananti evamādiupāyasahitena.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para156-159"></a><span class="paranum">156-159</span>. <span class="bld">Mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ anuññātā</span> nātisamāhitāya bhāvanāyāti yevāpanakehipi nibbisesataṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Puññakiriyavatthādikathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Apaciti eva <span class="bld">apacitisahagataṃ</span> puññakiriyāvatthu yathā ‘‘nandirāgasahagatā’’ti. Apaciti vā cetanāsampayuttakadhammā kāyavacīkiriyā vā, taṃsahitā cetanā <span class="bld">apacitisahagataṃ. Hitapharaṇenā</span>ti desake mettāpharaṇena, ‘‘evaṃ me hitaṃ bhavissatī’’ti pavattena hitacittena vā. Kammassakatāñāṇaṃ <a name="M0.0100"></a> <span class="bld">diṭṭhijukammaṃ. Niyamalakkhaṇa</span>nti mahapphalatāniyamassa lakkhaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Sīlamaye saṅgahaṃ gacchanti</span> cārittavasena. Anavajjavatthuṃ pariccajanto viya abbhanumodamānopi parassa sampattiyā modatīti <span class="bld">abbhanumodanā dānamaye saṅgahitā. Bhāventopī</span>ti asamattabhāvanaṃ sandhāyāha. Samattā hi appanā hotīti. <span class="bld">Aṭṭheva koṭṭhāse katvā</span>ti ekassa sattassa ekasmiṃ khaṇe uppannamekaṃ paṭhamacittaṃ dassetvā aññāni tādisāni adassentena sabbāni tāni sarikkhaṭṭhena ekīkatāni honti, tathā sesānipīti evaṃ aṭṭha katvā.</p>
<p class="centered">Kāmāvacarakusalavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="title">Rūpāvacarakusalaṃ</p>
<p class="subhead">Catukkanayo</p>
<p class="subhead">Paṭhamajjhānakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para160"></a><span class="paranum">160</span>. Uttarapadalopaṃ <a name="V0.0096"></a> katvā <span class="bld">rūpabhavo rūpa</span>nti vutto. Jhānassa amaggabhāvepi sati maggavacanaṃ aññamaggabhāvanivāraṇatthanti imasmiṃ atthe maggaggahaṇassa payojanaṃ vuttaṃ, na sabbassa kusalajjhānassa maggabhāvoti. Tattha maggassa bhāvanāya samayavavatthānassa katattā amaggabhāvanāsamaye pavattānaṃ phassādīnaṃ kusalabhāvo na dassito siyā, tasmā sabbassa maggabhāvo dassetabboti. <span class="bld">Ito añño maggo natthī</span>ti evaṃ aññabhūmikavidhuro sati paccayantare rūpūpapattijanakasabhāvo vipākadhammasabhāvo viya vipākadhammavasena sabbasamāno maggasaddena vuttoti dassetīti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Kusalaṃ dāna</span>nti alobho daṭṭhabbo. Atha vā cetanā dānaṃ, taṃ vajjetvā itare dve cetanāsampayuttakāti vuttā. <span class="bld">Vaṭṭantī</span>ti maggabhāvato jhānavacanena saṅgahetvā maggoti vattuṃ vaṭṭantīti attho. <span class="bld">Okappanā</span>ti saddahanā. Aññattha diṭṭhaṃ atthaṃ pariccajitvā ‘‘janeti vaḍḍhetī’’ti ayamattho kasmā vuttoti nirupasaggassa aññattha evamatthasseva diṭṭhattāti imamatthaṃ vibhāvetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘puna caparaṃ udāyī’’</span>ti (ma. ni. 2.246 ādayo) suttamāhaṭaṃ. Kesañci ariyānaṃ ariyamaggena siddhāni aññāni ca jhānāni bhāvanāsabhāvānevāti tesupi bhāventena samayavavatthānaṃ ijjhatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nissaranti <a name="M0.0101"></a> niggacchanti etena, ettha vāti <span class="bld">nissaraṇaṃ</span>. Ke niggacchanti? Kāmā. Tesaṃ kāmānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ pahānanti attho. Evañhi ‘‘kāmāna’’nti kattari sāmivacanaṃ yujjati. <span class="bld">Vatthukāmehipī</span>ti vatthukāmehi viviccevātipi attho yujjatīti evaṃ yujjamānatthantarasamuccayattho <span class="bld">pi</span>-saddo, na kilesakāmasamuccayattho. Kasmā? Imasmiṃ atthe kilesakāmānaṃ dutiyapadena vivekassa vuttattā. Akusalasaddena yadipi kilesakāmā, athāpi sabbākusalā gahitā, sabbathā pana kilesakāmehi viveko vuttoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘dutiyena kilesakāmehi vivekavacanato’’</span>ti. Kāmaguṇādhigamahetupi pāṇātipātādiasuddhappayogo hotīti tabbivekena payogasuddhi vibhāvitā. Taṇhāsaṃkilesasodhanena <span class="bld">āsayaposanaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aññesampi</span> <a name="V0.0097"></a> <span class="bld">cā</span>ti diṭṭhimānādīnaṃ phassādīnañca. Upari vuccamānāni jhānaṅgāni <span class="bld">uparijjhānaṅgāni,</span> tesaṃ attano vipaccanīkānaṃ paṭipakkhabhāvadassanatthaṃ tappaccanīkanīvaraṇavacanaṃ. Byāpādavivekavacanena ‘‘anatthaṃ me acarī’’tiādiāghātavatthubhedavisayassa dosassa mohādhikānaṃ thinamiddhādīnaṃ vivekavacanena paṭicchādanavasena dukkhādipubbantādibhedavisayassa mohassa vikkhambhanaviveko vutto. Kāmarāgabyāpādatadekaṭṭhathinamiddhādivikkhambhanakañcedaṃ sabbākusalapaṭipakkhasabhāvattā sabbakusalānaṃ tena sabhāvena sabbākusalānaṃ pahānaṃ hontampi kāmarāgādivikkhambhanasabhāvamevāti taṃsabhāvattā avisesetvā nīvaraṇākusalamūlādīnaṃ vikkhambhanaviveko vutto hotīti āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vitakkassa kiccavisesena thirabhāvappatte paṭhamajjhānasamādhimhi paccanīkadūrībhāvakatena thirabhāvena taṃsadisesu vitakkarahitesu dutiyajjhānādisamādhīsu ca appanāti aṭṭhakathāvohāroti vitakkassa appanāyogo vutto, aññathā vitakkova appanāti tassa taṃsampayogo na siyāti. <span class="bld">Attho…pe… daṭṭhabbo</span> jhānasamaṅgino vitakkavicārasamaṅgitādassanena jhānasseva savitakkasavicārabhāvassa vuttattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vivekajaṃ pītisukha</span>nti ettha purimasmiṃ atthe <span class="bld">vivekaja</span>nti jhānaṃ. Pītisukhasaddato ca atthiatthavisesavato assa, asmiṃ vāti ettha <span class="bld">a</span>-kāro vutto. Dutiye pītisukhameva vivekajaṃ. <span class="bld">Vivekajaṃpītisukha</span>nti ca aññapadatthe samāso paccattaniddesassa ca alopo kato, lope vā <a name="M0.0102"></a> sati ‘‘vivekajapītisukha’’nti pāṭhoti ayaṃ viseso. <span class="bld">Gaṇanānupubbatā</span>ti gaṇanānupubbatāya, gaṇanānupubbatāmattaṃ vā paṭhamanti vacananti attho. Niccādivipallāsappahānena maggo asammohato aniccādilakkhaṇāni paṭivijjhatīti <span class="bld">lakkhaṇūpanijjhānaṃ</span>. Asammosadhammaṃ nibbānaṃ aviparītalakkhaṇattā anaññathābhāvato <span class="bld">tathalakkhaṇaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dutiyajjhānakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para161-2"></a><span class="paranum">161-2</span>. <span class="bld">Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā</span>ti etena yehi vitakkavicārehi paṭhamajjhānassa oḷārikatā, tesaṃ samatikkamā dutiyajjhānassa samadhigamo, na sabhāvato anoḷārikānaṃ phassādīnaṃ samatikkamāti ayamattho dīpito hoti. Evaṃ ‘‘pītiyā ca virāgā’’tiādīsu nayo<a name="V0.0098"></a>. Tasmā vitakkavicārapītisukhasamatikkamavacanāni oḷārikoḷārikaṅgasamatikkamā dutiyādiadhigamaparidīpakānīti tesaṃ ekadesabhūtaṃ vitakkavicārasamatikkamavacanaṃ taṃdīpakanti vuttaṃ. Atha vā vitakkavicāravūpasamavacaneneva taṃsamatikkamā dutiyādhigamadīpakena pītivirāgādivacanānaṃ pītiyādisamatikkamā tatiyādiadhigamadīpakatā hotīti tassa taṃdīpakatā vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nīlavaṇṇayogato nīlavatthaṃ viyā</span>ti nīlayogato vatthaṃ nīlaṃ viyāti adhippāyo. Yena sampasādanena yogā jhānaṃ sampasādanaṃ, tasmiṃ dassite ‘‘sampasādanaṃ jhāna’’nti samānādhikaraṇaniddeseneva taṃyogā jhāne taṃsaddappavatti dassitāti avirodho yutto. Ekodibhāve kathanti ekodimhi dassite ‘‘ekodibhāvaṃ jhāna’’nti samānādhikaraṇaniddeseneva jhānassa ekodivaḍḍhanatā vuttā hotīti. <span class="bld">Ekodibhāva</span>nti panidaṃ uddharitvā ekodissa niddeso na kattabbo siyāti ekodibhāvasaddo eva samādhimhi pavatto sampasādanasaddo viya jhānamhi pavattatīti yuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Appitā</span>ti gamitā vināsaṃ. Dutiyajjhānādiadhigamupāyadīpakena ajjhattasampasādanatāya cetaso ekodibhāvatāya ca hetudīpakena avitakkāvicārabhāvahetudīpakena ca vitakkavicāravūpasamavacaneneva vitakkavicārābhāvo dīpitoti kiṃ puna avitakkaavicāravacanena katenāti? Na, adīpitattā. Na hi vitakkavicāravūpasamavacanena vitakkavicārānaṃ appavatti vuttā hoti. Vitakkavicāresu hi taṇhāpahānañca etesaṃ <a name="M0.0103"></a> vūpasamanaṃ. Ye ca saṅkhāresu taṇhāpahānaṃ karonti, tesu maggesu pahīnataṇhesu phalesu ca saṅkhārappavatti hoti, evamidhāpi vikkhambhitavitakkavicārataṇhassa dutiyajjhānassa vitakkavicārasampayogo purimena na nivārito siyāti taṃnivāraṇatthaṃ āvajjitukāmatādiatikkamova tesaṃ vūpasamoti dassanatthañca <span class="bld">‘‘avitakkaṃ avicāra’’</span>nti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Tatiyajjhānakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para163"></a><span class="paranum">163</span>. <span class="bld">Parisuddhapakati</span> khīṇāsavapakati nikkilesatā. <span class="bld">Upekkhānimitta</span>nti ettha līnuddhaccapakkhapātarahitaṃ majjhattaṃ vīriyaṃ ‘‘upekkhā’’ti vuttaṃ, tadeva taṃ ākāraṃ gahetvā pavattetabbassa <a name="V0.0099"></a> tādisassa vīriyassa nimittabhāvato upekkhānimittaṃ. Paṭhamajjhānappaṭilābhatthāya nīvaraṇe…pe… nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattipaṭilābhatthāya ākiñcaññāyatanasaññaṃ paṭisaṅkhāsantiṭṭhanāpaññāsaṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇanti imā aṭṭha samāpattivasena uppajjanti. Sotāpattimaggapaṭilābhatthāya uppādaṃ pavattaṃ nimittaṃ āyūhanaṃ paṭisandhiṃ gatiṃ nibbattiṃ upapattiṃ jātiṃ jarāmaraṇasokaparidevadukkhadomanassaupāyāse. Sotāpattiphalasamāpattatthāya uppādaṃ…pe… upāyāse…pe… arahattamaggapaṭilābhatthāya uppādaṃ…pe… upāyāse. Arahattaphalasamāpattatthāya…pe… suññatavihārasamāpattatthāya…pe… animittavihārasamāpattatthāya uppādaṃ pavattaṃ āyūhanaṃ paṭisandhiṃ…pe… paṭisaṅkhāsantiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇanti imā dasa vipassanāvasena uppajjanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yadatthi yaṃ bhūta</span>nti khandhapañcakaṃ, taṃ muñcitukamyatāñāṇena pajahati. Diṭṭhasovatthikattayassa sappalakkhaṇavicinane viya diṭṭhalakkhaṇattayassa bhūtassa saṅkhāralakkhaṇavicinane upekkhaṃ paṭilabhati. <span class="bld">Anābhogarasā</span>ti paṇītasukhepi tasmiṃ avanati paṭipakkhakiccāti attho. Nāmakāyena cetasikasukhaṃ kāyikasukhahetu rūpasamuṭṭhāpanena kāyikasukhañca jhānasamaṅgī paṭisaṃvedetīti vuccati. <span class="bld">Phuṭattā</span> byāpitattā. Yathā hi udakena phuṭasarīrassa tādise nātipaccanīke vātādike phoṭṭhabbe phuṭṭhe sukhaṃ uppajjati, evaṃ etehi phuṭasarīrassapi.</p>
<p class="subhead">Catutthajjhānakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para165"></a><span class="paranum">165</span>. <span class="bld">Avibhūtapaccupaṭṭhānā</span>ti <a name="M0.0104"></a> sukhadukkhāni viya avibhūtākārā piṭṭhipāsāṇagatamigamaggo viya tadanumātabbāvibhūtākāropaṭṭhānā.</p>
<p class="centered">Catukkanayavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pañcakanayavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para167"></a><span class="paranum">167</span>. <span class="bld">Yassā pana dhammadhātuyā</span>ti sabbaññutaññāṇassa. Tena hi dhammānaṃ ākārabhedaṃ ñatvā tadanurūpaṃ desanaṃ niyāmetīti. Ettha ca pañcakanaye dutiyajjhānaṃ catukkanaye dutiyajjhānapakkhikaṃ <a name="V0.0100"></a> katvā vibhattaṃ ‘‘yasmiṃ…pe… maggaṃ bhāveti avitakkaṃ vicāramattaṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyajjhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Kasmā? Ekattakāyanānattasaññīsattāvāsaphalatāya dutiyajjhānena samānaphalattā paṭhamajjhānasamādhito jātattā ca. Paṭhamajjhānameva hi kāmehi akusalehi ca vivittanti tadabhāvā na idha ‘‘vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehī’’ti sakkā vattuṃ, nāpi ‘‘vivekaja’’nti. Suttantadesanāsu ca pañcakanaye dutiyatatiyajjhānāni dutiyajjhānameva bhajanti vitakkavūpasamā vicāravūpasamā avitakkattā avicārattā cāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Paṭipadācatukkavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para176-180"></a><span class="paranum">176-180</span>. <span class="bld">Tassa tassa jhānassa upacāra</span>nti nīvaraṇavitakkavicāranikantiyādīnaṃ vūpasamā thirabhūto kāmāvacarasamādhi. <span class="bld">Tadanudhammatā</span>ti tadanurūpatābhūtā, sā pana tadassādasaṅkhātā tadassādasampayuttakkhandhasaṅkhātā vā micchāsatīti vadanti. Avigatanikantikā taṃtaṃpariharaṇasatītipi vattuṃ vaṭṭatīti evañca katvā <span class="bld">‘‘satiyā vā nikantiyā vā’’</span>ti vikappo kato. <span class="bld">Āgamanavasenāpi ca paṭipadā hontiyevā</span>ti idaṃ kadāci dutiyādīnaṃ paṭhamādiāgamanakatapaṭipadataṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Api</span>-saddo hi anekantikataṃ dīpeti, etassa anekantikattā eva ca pāḷiyaṃ ekekasmiṃ jhāne catasso paṭipadā cattāri ārammaṇāni soḷasakkhattukañca visuṃ visuṃ yojitaṃ. Aññathā ekekasmiṃ paṭipadādimhi nava nava jhānāni yojetabbāni siyunti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Ārammaṇacatukkavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para181"></a><span class="paranum">181</span>. <span class="bld">Appaguṇa</span>nti <a name="M0.0105"></a> pañcahi vasitāhi avasīkataṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Ārammaṇapaṭipadāmissakavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para186"></a><span class="paranum">186</span>. <span class="bld">Heṭṭhā</span>ti soḷasakkhattukato pubbe. <span class="bld">Ye keci jhānaṃ uppādenti nāmā</span>ti vacanena ye katādhikārā sekkhā maggeneva uppāditajjhānā, tesaṃ jhānāni maggapaṭibaddhatāya suddhikanavakasaṅgahitānīti veditabbāni. Na hi te uppādenti nāmāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Kasiṇakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para203"></a><span class="paranum">203</span>. Nirodhapādakatāvacanena <a name="V0.0101"></a> āruppapādakatā ca dassitā. Khippadassanaṃ khippābhiññatā <span class="bld">khippanisantibhāvo</span>.</p>
<p class="subhead">Abhibhāyatanakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para204"></a><span class="paranum">204</span>. <span class="bld">Aññampī</span>ti kevalaṃ kasiṇāyatanasaṅkhātameva ahutvā abhibhāyatanasaṅkhātampi pavattatīti satipi abhibhāyatanānaṃ kasiṇāyatanatte kasiṇāyatanabhāvato añño abhibhāyatanabhāvo kasiṇanimittābhibhavanakabhāvanānimittanānattatoti dasseti. Tattha abhibhavatīti abhibhu, parikammaṃ, ñāṇaṃ vā. Abhibhu āyatanaṃ etassāti <span class="bld">abhibhāyatanaṃ,</span> jhānaṃ. Abhibhavitabbaṃ vā ārammaṇasaṅkhātaṃ āyatanaṃ etassāti <span class="bld">abhibhāyatanaṃ,</span> jhānaṃ. Ārammaṇābhibhavanato abhibhu ca taṃ āyatanañca yogino sukhavisesānaṃ adhiṭṭhānabhāvato manāyatanadhammāyatanabhāvato cātipi sasampayuttaṃ jhānaṃ <span class="bld">abhibhāyatanaṃ</span>. Maggappaṭibaddhatāya tadā samāpattito vuṭṭhitassa ābhogo pubbabhāgabhāvanāvasena jhānakkhaṇe pavattaṃ abhibhavanākāraṃ gahetvā pavatto vuttoti daṭṭhabbo. Āgamesu pana ‘‘ajjhattaṃ rūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati parittāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni. Appamāṇāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni. Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko…pe… parittāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni. Appamāṇāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇānī’’ti (dī. ni. 2.173; ma. ni. 2.249; a. ni. 8.65) imesaṃ catunnaṃ abhibhāyatanānaṃ āgatattā <span class="bld">āgamaṭṭhakathāsu</span> <a name="M0.0106"></a> (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.173; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2. 249-250; a. ni. aṭṭha. 3.8.65) ‘‘vaṇṇavasena ābhoge vijjamānepi parittaappamāṇavaseneva imāni abhibhāyatanāni desitānī’’ti vuttaṃ. Parittaappamāṇatā hi abhibhavanassa kāraṇaṃ vaṇṇābhoge satipi asatipi. Tattha ca vaṇṇābhogarahitāni sahitāni ca sabbāni parittāni ‘‘suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇānī’’ti vuttāni, tathā appamāṇānīti daṭṭhabbāni. Atthi hi eso pariyāyo parittāni abhibhuyya tāni ce kadāci vaṇṇavasena ābhujitāni honti suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni abhibhuyyāti. Idha pana nippariyāyadesanattā vaṇṇābhogarahitāni visuṃ vuttāni sahitāni ca. Atthi hi ubhayattha abhibhavanavisesoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha ca pariyāyadesanattā vimokkhānampi abhibhavanapariyāyo atthīti ‘‘ajjhattaṃ rūpasaññī’’ti <a name="V0.0102"></a> abhibhāyatanadvayaṃ vuttaṃ, tatiyacatutthaabhibhāyatanesu dutiyavimokkho vaṇṇābhibhāyatanesu tatiyavimokkho ca abhibhavanappavattito saṅgahito, idha pana nippariyāyadesanattā vimokkhābhibhāyatanāni asaṅkarato dassetuṃ vimokkhe vajjetvā abhibhāyatanāni kathitāni. Sabbāni ca vimokkhakiccāni vimokkhadesanāya vuttāni, tadetaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘ajjhattaṃ rūpasaññī’’</span>ti āgatassa abhibhāyatanadvayassa abhibhāyatanesu avacanato ‘‘rūpī rūpāni passatī’’tiādīnañca sabbavimokkhakiccasādhāraṇavacanabhāvato vavatthānaṃ katanti viññāyati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ajjhattarūpānaṃ anabhibhavanīyato</span>ti idaṃ katthacipi ‘‘ajjhattaṃ rūpāni passatī’’ti avatvā sabbattha yaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘bahiddhā rūpāni passatī’’ti, tassa kāraṇavacanaṃ. Tena yaṃ aññahetukaṃ, taṃ tena hetunā vuttaṃ. Yaṃ pana desanāvilāsahetukaṃ ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññitāya eva idha vacanaṃ, na tassa aññaṃ kāraṇaṃ maggitabbanti dasseti. Ajjhattarūpānaṃ anabhibhavanīyatā ca bahiddhārūpānaṃ viya avibhūtattā, desanāvilāso ca yathāvuttavavatthānavasena veditabbo. <span class="bld">Suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇānī</span>ti eteneva siddhattā nīlādiabhibhāyatanāni na vattabbānīti ce? Na, nīlādīsu katādhikārānaṃ nīlādibhāvasseva abhibhavanakāraṇattā. Na hi tesaṃ parisuddhāparisuddhavaṇṇaparittatā tadappamāṇatā vā abhibhavanakāraṇaṃ, atha kho nīlādibhāvo evāti.</p>
<p class="centered">Abhibhāyatanakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Vimokkhakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para248"></a><span class="paranum">248</span>. <span class="bld">Rūpī</span>ti <a name="M0.0107"></a> yenāyaṃ sasantatipariyāpannena rūpena samannāgato, taṃ yassa jhānassa hetubhāvena visiṭṭhaṃ rūpaṃ hoti. Yena visiṭṭhena rūpīti vucceyya, tadeva sasantatipariyāpannarūpanimittaṃ jhānamiva paramatthato rūpībhāvasādhakanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Kasiṇadesanā jhānānameva kasiṇabhāvena pavattā abhidhamme, sutte pana ārammaṇānanti <span class="bld">‘‘abhidhammavasenā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="centered">Vimokkhakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Brahmavihārakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para251"></a><span class="paranum">251</span>. Somanassadomanassarahitaṃ <a name="V0.0103"></a> aññāṇameva <span class="bld">aññāṇupekkhā</span>. Kilesodhīnaṃ maggodhīhi ajitattā <span class="bld">anodhijinassa</span>. Sattamabhavādito uddhaṃ pavattavipākassa ajitattā <span class="bld">avipākajinassa. Niddosabhāvenā</span>ti nippaṭighabhāvena. Ekassapi sattassa appaṭibhāganimittattā paricchedaggahaṇaṃ natthi, na ca sammutisaccavasena pavattaṃ sattaggahaṇaṃ paricchinnarūpādiggahaṇaṃ hotīti appanāppattiyāpi aparāmāsasattaggahaṇamuddhabhūtānaṃ mettādīnaṃ ekasattārammaṇānampi appamāṇagocaratā vuttāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="centered">Brahmavihārakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Asubhakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para263"></a><span class="paranum">263</span>. Uddhaṃ dhumātattā <span class="bld">uddhumātaṃ</span>. Setarattehi paribhinnaṃ vimissitaṃ nīlaṃ <span class="bld">vinīlaṃ,</span> purimavaṇṇavipariṇāmabhūtaṃ vā nīlaṃ <span class="bld">vinīlaṃ. Saṅghāṭo</span> aṅgānaṃ susambaddhatā. <span class="bld">Ārammaṇassa dubbalatā</span> paṭipakkhabhāvena cittaṃ ṭhapetuṃ asamatthatā. Attani ānisaṃsadassananīvaraṇarogavūpasamānaṃ yathākkamaṃ pupphachaḍḍakavamanavirecanaupamā yojetabbā. Paṭikūlamanasikārasāmaññena asubhehi kesādīhi paṭikūlajjhānassa gahaṇaṃ sivathikāvaṇṇajjhānassa ca. Tampi hi paṭikūlamanasikāravaseneva uppajjatīti, sivathikappakārāni vā sivathikāvaṇṇāni.</p>
<p class="centered">Asubhakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="centered">Rūpāvacarakusalakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Arūpāvacarakusalakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para265"></a><span class="paranum">265</span>. <span class="bld">Sabbākārenā</span>ti <a name="M0.0108"></a><a name="V0.0104"></a> evaṃ rūpanimittaṃ daṇḍādānasambhavadassanādinā sabbena rūparūpanimittesu tadārammaṇajjhānesu dosadassanākārena, rūpādīsu nikantippahānaanāvajjitukāmatādinā vā. <span class="bld">Virāgā</span>ti jigucchanā. Āneñjābhisaṅkhāravacanādīhi āneñjatā ‘‘santā ime cunda ariyassa vinaye vimokkhā’’tiādinā santavimokkhatā ca vuttā. Dosadassanapaṭipakkhabhāvanāvasena paṭighasaññānaṃ suppahīnattā mahatāpi saddena arūpasamāpattito na vuṭṭhāti. Tathā pana na suppahīnattā sabbarūpasamāpattito vuṭṭhānaṃ siyā, paṭhamajjhānaṃ pana appakampi saddaṃ na sahatīti taṃ samāpannassa saddo kaṇṭakoti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āruppabhāvanāya abhāve cutito uddhaṃ uppattirahānaṃ rūpasaññāpaṭighasaññānaṃ yāva attano vipākappavatti, tāva anuppattidhammatāpādanena samatikkamo atthaṅgamo ca vutto. Nānattasaññāsu pana yā tasmiṃ bhave na uppajjanti, tā anokāsatāya na uppajjanti, na āruppabhāvanāya nivāritattā. Anivāritattā ca kāci uppajjanti. Tasmā tāsaṃ amanasikāro anāvajjanaṃ apaccavekkhaṇaṃ, javanapaṭipādakena vā bhavaṅgamanassa antare akaraṇaṃ appavesanaṃ vuttaṃ, tena ca nānattasaññāmanasikārahetūnaṃ rūpānaṃ samatikkamā samādhissa thirabhāvaṃ dasseti. Rūpasamatikkamābhāveneva hi rūpasamāpattīsu ‘‘nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā’’ti ekassa avacananti. Ko ānisaṃso, na hi sabbassādavatthurahite ākāse pavattitasaññāya ānisaṃso dissatīti vuttaṃ hoti. Rūpasaññāsamatikkamanādikaṃ vacanaṃ ānisaṃsassa pakāsanaṃ, na attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aññatthā</span>ti suttesu. Tattha hi parittakasiṇugghāṭanepi rūpavivekamattaggahaṇena paricchedassa aggahaṇato anantapharaṇatā ca vuttā, idha pana anantapharaṇatāsabbhāvepi ugghāṭitakasiṇavasena parittānantatā hotīti dassanatthaṃ ‘‘ananto ākāso’’ti na vuttanti adhippāyo. Samayavavatthāpanajhānavisesanenevettha attho, na paṭipattiyāti tadavacanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para266"></a><span class="paranum">266</span>. Paṭhamāruppaviññāṇaṃ <a name="M0.0109"></a> attano pharaṇākāreneva anantanti manasikātabbattā <span class="bld">‘‘ananta’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Ugghāṭabhāvo <span class="bld">ugghāṭimaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para267"></a><span class="paranum">267</span>. <span class="bld">Akiñcana</span>nti <a name="V0.0105"></a> viññāṇassa kiñci pakāraṃ aggahetvā sabbena sabbaṃ vibhāvanaṃ āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para268"></a><span class="paranum">268</span>. <span class="bld">Yāyā</span>ti saṅkhārāvasesasaññāya. <span class="bld">Taṃ</span> tāva paṭipattiṃ. <span class="bld">Āvajjissāmī</span>tiādinā tanninnāvajjanādipavattiyā abhāvaṃ dasseti, na tadatikkamanatthāya āvajjanabhāvanāpavattiyā. <span class="bld">Nāsaññā</span>ti saññābhāvo ca etissā atthīti attho. Samūhagahaṇavasena pavattaṃ <span class="bld">kalāpasammasanaṃ</span>. Phassādiekekadhammagahaṇavasena pavattā <span class="bld">anupadadhammavipassanā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ākāse pavattitaviññāṇātikkamato tatiyā</span>. Tadatikkamato hi tasseva vibhāvanaṃ hoti. Dutiyāruppaviññāṇavibhāvane hi tadeva atikkantaṃ siyā, na tassa ārammaṇaṃ, na cārammaṇe dosaṃ disvā anārammaṇassa vibhāvanātikkamo yujjati. Pāḷiyañca ‘‘viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiṃ sato samāpajjitvā tato vuṭṭhahitvā taññeva viññāṇaṃ abhāvetī’’ti (cūḷani. upasīvamāṇavapucchāniddesa 39) ttaṃ, na vuttaṃ ‘‘taññeva viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ abhāvetī’’ti, ‘‘taññeva abhāvetī’’ti vā. ‘‘Anantaṃ viññāṇanti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajjā’’ti (vibha. 508) ettha pana dvayaṃ vuttaṃ ārammaṇañca viññāṇaṃ viññāṇañcāyatanañca. Tasmiṃ dvaye yena kenaci yato vā vuṭṭhito, teneva paṭṭhānaniddiṭṭhena taṃsaddassa sambandhe āpanne viññāṇañcāyatanassa nivattanatthaṃ viññāṇavacanaṃ, tasmā paṭhamāruppaviññāṇasseva abhāvanātikkamo vutto. <span class="bld">Tannissita</span>nti tena nissitaṃ. Taṃ maṇḍapalaggaṃ anissāya tena vinābhūte vivitte bahi okāse ṭhānaṃ viya ākāsalaggaviññāṇassa viveke tadapagame tatiyāruppassa ṭhānaṃ.</p>
<p class="centered">Arūpāvacarakusalakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Tebhūmakakusalavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para269"></a><span class="paranum">269</span>. <span class="bld">Ime</span> <a name="M0.0110"></a> <span class="bld">tāva chandādhipateyye pañca nayā</span>ti chandādhipateyyanaye ante purimanayānaṃ taṃnayābhimukhappavattiṃ <a name="V0.0106"></a> sandhāya vuttaṃ, ayaṃ pana pakāro na pāḷianugato. Na hi pāḷiyaṃ suddhikanayādayo vatvā vīriyādhipateyyādinayā vuttāti. Mahāpakaraṇe sattahi mahāvārehi anulomādinayavicittehi hīnattiko vibhatto. Tattha ca majjhimadhammekadesabhūtā ime vīsati lokiyamahānayāti katvā ‘‘tattha vibhattā’’ti vuttaṃ, na etena kamena imesaṃ nayānaṃ tattha āgatattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evametesaṃ vibhattaṭṭhānaṃ dassetvā idāni etasmiṃ tebhūmakakusalakathāvasānaṭṭhāne aṭṭhārasakammadvāradassanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne’’</span>tiādimāha. Atha vā hīnapaṇītehi vinivattetvā majjhimarāsiantogadhabhāvaṃ dassentena etesaṃ tebhūmakakusalanayānaṃ hīnattike vibhāgo kato. ‘‘Imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne’’tiādikassa yathāvuttova sambandho. Hīnattike majjhimarāsimhi ye savipākā vaṭṭanissiteneva dānādivasena pavattitā, te hīnāti kātabbā. Ye vivaṭṭanissitena dānādivasena pavattitā, te paṇītāti kātabbā. Avipākā majjhimāti kātabbā. Avipākattā ca tesu majjhimarāsiṃ ṭhapetvā itare dve ekantavaṭṭanissitā nava, vivaṭṭupanissayabhūtā ca navāti aṭṭhārasa kammadvārāni, kammāni ca tāni tassa tassa phalassa kāraṇabhāvena dvārāni cāti <span class="bld">kammadvārāni</span>. Tattha tattha vā cittāni kammadvārānīti āha. Taṃtaṃdvārāni vā kāyādīni. Aṭṭhārasa khattiyā ca abhabbā hīnahīnattayādayo nava, bhabbā ca paṇītapaṇītattayādayo navāti kammānurūpeneva veditabbā. Evaṃ brāhmaṇādayo devā ca yojetabbā. Aṭṭhacattālīsa gottacaraṇāni tesaññeva khattiyādīnaṃ bhedā. ‘‘Kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti…pe… cittādhipateyya’’nti (dha. sa. 269-270) evaṃ vutto cittassa cittādhipateyyabhāvo, cittacetasikasamudāye samayavavatthāpako cittasaddo pavattoti <span class="bld">‘‘sampayuttadhammānaṃ vasena vutto’’</span>ti āha.</p>
<p class="centered">Tebhūmakakusalavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Lokuttarakusalavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para277"></a><span class="paranum">277</span>. <span class="bld">Lokaṃ</span> <a name="M0.0111"></a><a name="V0.0107"></a> <span class="bld">taratī</span>ti etena lokasamatikkamapaṭipattimāha. <span class="bld">Uttaratī</span>ti etena lokassantagamanaṃ phale patiṭṭhānaṃ phalaṃ. <span class="bld">Samatikkammā</span>tiādinā nibbānaṃ. <span class="bld">Samatikkammā</span>ti hi nissaritvā. <span class="bld">Abhibhuyyā</span>ti visaṃyuttaṃ hutvāti attho. Tividhopi cattho maggādīsu ekekasmiṃ yojetabbo, maggeyeva vā idha tassa adhippetattā. <span class="bld">Ekacittakkhaṇika</span>nti ekamaggassa dve vāre anuppattiṃ sandhāyāha. Aññamaññaṃ dhammānaṃ anativattanādisādhikāya paññāya vaḍḍheti. ‘‘Niyyātīti niyyānīya’’nti vattabbe ī-kārassa rassattaṃ ya-kārassa ca ka-kāraṃ katvā <span class="bld">‘‘niyyānika’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Niyyāti etenāti niyyānaṃ, niyyānameva <span class="bld">niyyānikaṃ</span> venayiko viya. Ettha ‘‘neyyānika’’nti vattabbe i-kārassa e-kārattaṃ akatvā vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Phala</span>nti cittacetasikarāsi vuccati, taṃ aññamaññaṃ sampayuttānaṃ dhammānaṃ attano avayavabhūtānaṃ nissayo hoti. Phalañāṇaṃ vā <span class="bld">phalaṃ,</span> sammādiṭṭhiādayo aṅgāni vā. <span class="bld">Lokuttarabhāve</span>ti lokaṃ uttiṇṇabhāve. Tena phalanibbānāni saṅgaṇhāti. Tesu yaṃ bhavati phalaṃ, taṃ <span class="bld">‘‘bhūmī’’</span>ti vuccati. Yathā vā kammanibbattā kāmabhavādayo taṃsamaṅgino nissayabhāvena ‘‘bhūmī’’ti vuccanti, evaṃ maggena nibbattaṃ phalaṃ ariyasāvakassa kālena kālaṃ samāpajjitabbatāya nissayabhāvato ‘‘bhūmī’’ti vuccati, tatoyeva ariyā cirataraṃ tiṭṭhanti. <span class="bld">Samucchedavivekavasenā</span>ti ettha apāyagamanīyānaṃ accantasamucchedo itaresañca vijjutobhāsena viya tamassa samucchedo daṭṭhabbo. Lokiyajjhānampi puthujjanassa ariyassa ca akatādhikārassa na vinā paṭipadāya ijjhati, katādhikārassa pana ariyassa maggeneva samijjhanato vipākānaṃ viya kusalena tathā samiddhassa ariyamaggena sadisatāya abhāvato atabbipākattā ca na maggapaṭipadā tassa jhānassa paṭipadāti sakkā vattunti tattha tathā garuṃ katvā paṭipadāhi eva desanā na katā, yathāvuttajjhānasaṅgahatthaṃ suddhikadesanāpi katā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idha pana kassaci vinā paṭipadāya asiddhito garuṃ katvā dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘dukkhapaṭipada’’</span>ntiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Yo koci vāro</span>ti sakiṃ dvikkhattuṃ tikkhattuṃ catukkhattuṃ anekakkhattunti evamādīsu vikkhambhanavāresu yo koci. Sakiṃ dvikkhattuñca vikkhambhanavārā sukhā paṭipadā eva, na ca tato uddhaṃ sukhā paṭipadā <a name="M0.0112"></a> hotīti tikkhattuṃ vikkhambhanavāraṃ dukkhā <a name="V0.0108"></a> paṭipadāti rocesuṃ aṭṭhakathācariyā. Tasmiṃ tathārocite tato paresu catukkhattuṃ vikkhambhanavārādīsu vattabbameva natthīti. Rūpārūpānaṃ lakkhaṇādīhi paricchinditvā gahaṇaṃ rūpārūpapariggaho, nāmarūpamattametaṃ, na añño koci sattādikoti vavatthāpanaṃ nāmarūpavavatthāpanaṃ. Pariggahitarūpārūpassa maggapātubhāvadandhatā ca nāmarūpavavatthāpanādīnaṃ kicchasiddhito siyāti na rūpārūpapariggahakicchatāya eva dukkhapaṭipadatā vattabbāti ce? Taṃ na, nāmarūpavavatthāpanādīnaṃ paccanīkakilesamandatāya sukhasiddhiyampi tathāsiddhavipassanāsahagatānaṃ indriyānaṃ mandatāya maggapātubhāvadandhabhāvato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Rūpārūpaṃ pariggahetvā</span>ti akicchenapi pariggahetvā. Kicchena pariggahite vattabbameva natthi. Evaṃ sesesupi. <span class="bld">Imaṃ vāraṃ rocesu</span>nti kalāpasammasanāvasāne udayabbayānupassanāya vattamānāya uppannassa vipassanupakkilesassa tikkhattuṃ vikkhambhanena kicchatāvāraṃ dukkhā paṭipadāti rocesuṃ etadantattā paṭipadāya. Etassa akicchattepi purimānaṃ kicchatte dukkhapaṭipadatā vuttanayāvāti na paṭisiddhāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Yathāvuttaṃ vā sabbaṃ rūpārūpapariggahādikicchataṃ tikkhattuṃ vikkhambhanavāratāvasena <span class="bld">‘‘imaṃ vāra’’</span>nti āha. Yassa pana sabbattha akicchatā, tassa sukhā paṭipadā veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Musāvādādīnaṃ visaṃvādanādikiccatāya lūkhānaṃ apariggāhakānaṃ paṭipakkhabhāvato pariggāhakasabhāvā sammāvācā. Sā siniddhabhāvato sampayuttadhamme pariggaṇhāti sammāvācāpaccayasubhāsitasotārañca janaṃ. Kāyikakiriyākiccaṃ kattabbaṃ samuṭṭhāpeti, sayañca samuṭṭhahanaṃ ghaṭanaṃ hotīti sammākammantasaṅkhātā viratipi samuṭṭhānasabhāvāti vuttā. Sampayuttadhammānaṃ vā ukkhipanaṃ samuṭṭhahanaṃ kāyikakiriyāya bhārukkhipanaṃ viya, jīvamānassa sattassa, sampayuttadhammānaṃ vā suddhi vodānaṃ ājīvasseva vā jīvitindriyavuttiyā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para283"></a><span class="paranum">283</span>. <span class="bld">Maggasannissita</span>nti paramatthamaggasabhāvattā maggāvayavabhāvena samudāyasannissitanti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para285"></a><span class="paranum">285</span>. <span class="bld">Patiṭṭhānaṃ</span> kilesavasena, <span class="bld">āyūhanaṃ</span> abhisaṅkhāravasena. Taṇhāvasena vā <span class="bld">patiṭṭhānaṃ,</span> diṭṭhivasena <span class="bld">āyūhanaṃ. Bodhī</span>ti yā ayaṃ dhammasāmaggī vuccatīti yojetabbā. <span class="bld">Senaṅgarathaṅgādayo viyā</span>ti <a name="V0.0109"></a> etena <a name="M0.0113"></a> puggalapaññattiyā avijjamānapaññattibhāvaṃ dasseti. Aṅga-saddo kāraṇatthopi hotīti catusacca<span class="bld">bodhāya saṃvattantīti bojjhaṅgā</span>. Bujjhantīti bodhiyo, bodhiyo eva aṅgāti <span class="bld">‘‘anubujjhantīti bojjhaṅgā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Vipassanādīnaṃ kāraṇānaṃ bujjhitabbānañca saccānaṃ anurūpaṃ paccakkhabhāvena paṭimukhaṃ aviparītatāya sammā ca bujjhantīti evamatthavisesadīpakehi upasaggehi <span class="bld">‘‘anubujjhantī’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Bodhi-saddo hi sabbavisesayuttaṃ bujjhanaṃ sāmaññena saṅgaṇhātīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para299"></a><span class="paranum">299</span>. <span class="bld">Tiṇṇa</span>nti rāgādīnaṃ. <span class="bld">Karoti nāma</span> kiṃ duccaritāni anuvattamānāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para301"></a><span class="paranum">301</span>. Pāṇātipātādinipphāditapaccayānaṃ niccasevanaṃ <span class="bld">dhuvapaṭisevanaṃ. Sakiccako</span>ti visuṃ attano kiccavā. <span class="bld">Na hotī</span>ti atthantarabhāvaṃ paṭikkhipati. Paccayapaṭisevanasāmantajappanairiyāpathappavattanāni pāpicchatānibbattāni <span class="bld">tīṇi kuhanavatthūnī</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para343"></a><span class="paranum">343</span>. Vuṭṭhānagāminīvipassanā saṅkhārupekkhā sānulomā, sā suññato passantī ‘‘suññatā’’ti vuccati, dukkhato passantī taṇhāpaṇidhisosanato ‘‘appaṇihita’’nti. Sā āgamanīyaṭṭhāne maggādhigamatthaṃ āgamanapaṭipadāṭhāne ṭhatvā suññatāppaṇihitanti nāmaṃ deti. Āgamanato nāme laddhe saguṇato ārammaṇato ca nāmaṃ siddhameva hoti, na pana saguṇārammaṇehi nāmalābhe sabbattha āgamanato nāmaṃ siddhaṃ hotīti paripuṇṇanāmasiddhihetuttā saguṇārammaṇehi sabbesampi nāmattayayogo, na āgamanatoti vavatthānakarattā ca nippariyāyadesanāya āgamanatova idha nāmaṃ labhati, na itarehīti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para350"></a><span class="paranum">350</span>. <span class="bld">Animittavipassana</span>nti aniccānupassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Nimittadhammesū</span>ti samūhādighanavasena ca sakiccaparicchedatāya ca sapariggahesu khandhesu. <span class="bld">Animittavimokkho</span>ti aniccānupassanamāha. <span class="bld">Evaṃsampadamida</span>nti kathamidha upamāsaṃsandanaṃ hoti. Na hi chandacittānaṃ maggasaṅkhātaadhipatibhāvābhāvo viya saddhindriyādhikassa animittavimokkhassa animittabhāvābhāvo atthi, na ca amaggādhipatīnaṃ maggādhipatināmadānābhāvo viya animittassa animittanāmadānābhāvoti sakkā vattuṃ animittavimokkhassa ananimittatāya abhāvato<a name="M0.0114"></a>. Maggo adhipati etesanti ca maggādhipatinoti yutto tattha chandacittehi taṃsampayuttānaṃ maggādhipatibhāvābhāvo. Idha <a name="V0.0110"></a> pana maggo animittaṃ etassāti maggānimittoti ayamattho na sambhavatīti na tena amaggena maggassa animittabhāvo na yujjati, kiṃ vā ettha sāmaññaṃ adhippetanti. Amaggaṅgamagganāmābhāvo. Yathā satipi adhipatibhāve chandacittānaṃ na maggādhipatīti magganāmaṃ, na ca tehi maggassa tesaṃ amaggaṅgattā, tathā satipi saddhāya āgamanabhāvena tassā animittanti magganāmaṃ, na ca tāya maggassa tassā amaggaṅgattā. Evaṃ animittavipassanāyapi animittabhāvo nippariyāyena natthīti dīpito hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu ca idha jhānaṃ suññatādināmena vuttaṃ, na maggoti ce? Na, maggasampayogato jhānassa suññatādināmakattā. Suttantapariyāyena saguṇārammaṇehi idha abhidhammepi nāmaṃ labhatīti āhaṃsu. Tasmā paṭikkhittā <span class="bld">‘‘na pana labhantī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Kiṃ kāraṇā</span>? Abhidhamme sarasaṃ anāmasitvā paccanīkatova nāmalābhāti adhippāyo. Yo hi saguṇārammaṇehi nāmalābho, so sarasappadhāno hoti. Saraseneva ca nāmalābhe sabbamaggānaṃ suññatādibhāvoti vavatthānaṃ na siyā. Tasmā abhidhamme satipi dvīhi nāmalābhe paccanīkato nāmavavatthānakaraṃ gahitanti saguṇārammaṇehi suññatāppaṇihitamaggā nāmaṃ na labhantīti āha. Atha vā <span class="bld">na pana labhantī</span>ti aññanirapekkhehi saguṇārammaṇehi na labhanti. <span class="bld">Kiṃ kāraṇā</span>? Abhidhamme sarasapaccanīkehi sahitehi nāmalābhāti attho. Paccanīkañhi vavatthānakaraṃ anapekkhitvā kevalassa sarasassa nāmahetubhāvo abhidhamme natthi avavatthānāpattito. Tasmā attābhinivesapaṇidhipaṭipakkhavipassanānulomā maggā satipi sarasantare paccanīkasahitena sarasena nāmaṃ labhanti. Animittamaggassa pana vipassanā nimittapaṭipakkhā na hoti sayaṃ nimittaggahaṇato nimittaggahaṇānivāraṇāti tadanulomamaggopi na nimittassa paṭipakkho. Yadi siyā, nimittagatavipassanāyapi paṭipakkho siyāti. Tasmā vijjamānopi saraso vavatthānakarapaccanīkābhāvā abhidhamme animittanti nāmadāyako na gahito. Aniccānupassanānulomo pana maggo suddhikapaṭipadānayeyeva saṅgahitoti daṭṭhabbo. Tasmā eva ca so nayo vuttoti. <span class="bld">Eva</span>nti yaṃ <a name="M0.0115"></a> vakkhati ‘‘aniccato vuṭṭhahantassa maggo animitto hotī’’ti (dha. sa. aṭṭha. 350), evaṃ āharitvā aṭṭhakathācariyehi so animittamaggo dīpitoti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vuṭṭhāna…pe… kimārammaṇā</span>ti aniccādito vuṭṭhahantassa vuṭṭhānagāminiyā lakkhaṇārammaṇatte sati saṅkhārehi vuṭṭhānaṃ na siyā, saṅkhārārammaṇatte ca lakkhaṇapaṭivedhoti maññamāno <a name="V0.0111"></a> pucchati. ‘‘Anicca’’ntiādinā saṅkhāresu pavattamānena ñāṇena lakkhaṇānipi paṭividdhāni honti tadākārasaṅkhāragahaṇatoti āha <span class="bld">‘‘lakkhaṇārammaṇā’’</span>ti. Saṅkhārārammaṇā eva yathāvuttādhippāyena ‘‘lakkhaṇārammaṇā’’ti vuttāti dassento <span class="bld">‘‘lakkhaṇaṃ nāmā’’</span>tiādimāha. Aniccatā dukkhatā anattatāti hi visuṃ gayhamānaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ <span class="bld">paññattigatikaṃ</span> paramatthato avijjamānaṃ, avijjamānattā eva parittādivasena <span class="bld">navattabbadhammabhūtaṃ</span>. Tasmā visuṃ gahetabbassa lakkhaṇassa paramatthato abhāvā ‘‘aniccaṃ dukkhamanattā’’ti saṅkhāre sabhāvato sallakkhentova lakkhaṇāni sallakkheti nāmāti āha <span class="bld">‘‘yo pana aniccaṃ dukkhamanattāti tīṇi lakkhaṇāni sallakkhetī’’</span>ti. Yasmā ca <span class="bld">anicca</span>ntiādinā saṅkhārāva dissamānā, tasmā te kaṇṭhe baddhakuṇapaṃ viya paṭinissajjanīyā honti.</p>
<p class="title">Lokuttarakusalaṃ</p>
<p class="subhead">Pakiṇṇakakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tatrā</span>ti lokuttarajjhāne. <span class="bld">Ajjhattañcā</span>ti upaḍḍhagāthāya abhinivisitabbaṃ vuṭṭhātabbaṃ vipassanābhūmiṃ pañcadhā uddisati. Sattaaṭṭhādīni aṅgāni <span class="bld">sattaṭṭhaṅgānī</span>ti ādisaddassa lopo daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Nimitta</span>nti yato vuṭṭhānaṃ, tāni nimittapavattāni nimittavacaneneva uddisati. <span class="bld">Saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇameva ariyamaggassa bojjhaṅgādivisesaṃ niyameti</span>. Kasmā? Tato tato dutiyādipādakajjhānato uppannassa sasaṅkhārupekkhāñāṇassa pādakajjhānātikkantānaṃ aṅgānaṃ asamāpajjitukāmatāvirāgabhāvanābhāvato itarassa ca atabbhāvato. <span class="bld">Tesampi vādesu…pe… vipassanāva niyametīti veditabbā</span>. Kasmā? Vipassanāniyameneva hi paṭhamattheravādepi apādakapaṭhamajjhānapādakamaggā paṭhamajjhānikāva honti, itare ca pādakajjhānavipassanāniyamehi taṃtaṃjhānikā. Evaṃ sesavādesupi vipassanāniyamo yathāsambhavaṃ yojetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pakiṇṇakasaṅkhāre</span>ti <a name="M0.0116"></a> pādakajjhānato aññasaṅkhāre. Tena pādakajjhānasaṅkhāresu sammasitesu vattabbameva natthīti dasseti. <span class="bld">Tatrāpī</span>ti dutiyattheravādepi. Taṃtaṃjhānikatā taṃtaṃsammasitasaṅkhāravipassanāniyamehi hoti. Tatrāpi hi vipassanā taṃtaṃvirāgāvirāgabhāvanābhāvena somanassasahagatā <a name="V0.0112"></a> upekkhāsahagatā ca hutvā jhānaṅgādiniyamaṃ maggassa karotīti evaṃ <span class="bld">vipassanāniyamo vuttanayeneva veditabbo</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ta</span>nti taṃtaṃjhānasadisabhavanaṃ. <span class="bld">Svāyamattho</span> pādakajjhānasammasitajjhānupanissayehi vinā ajjhāsayamattena asijjhanā upanissayena vinā saṅkappamattena sakadāgāmiphalādīnaṃ asijjhanadīpakena <span class="bld">nandakovādena</span> (ma. ni. 3.398 ādayo) dīpetabbo. Tattha hi sotāpannāyapi paripuṇṇasaṅkappabhāvaṃ vadantena bhagavatā yassa yassa upanissayo atthi, tassa tasseva ajjhāsayo niyāmako, nāññassāti tena tena paripuṇṇasaṅkappatā hoti, na tato paraṃ saṅkappasabbhāvepi asijjhanatoti ayamattho dīpito hoti. Evamidhāpi yassa yassa dutiyādijhānikassa maggassa yathāvutto upanissayo atthi, tassa tasseva ajjhāsayo niyāmako, nāññassa satipi tasmiṃ asijjhanato. Imasmiṃ pana vāde pādakasammasitajjhānupanissayasabbhāve ajjhāsayo ekantena hoti, taṃtaṃphalūpanissayasabbhāve taṃtaṃsaṅkappo viyāti tadabhāvābhāvato ajjhāsayo niyametīti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yasmiṃ pana pādakajjhānaṃ natthī</span>ti catutthajjhānikavajjānaṃ pādakāni lokiyajjhānāni sandhāya vuttaṃ. Appanāppatti ca oḷārikaṅgātikkamanupanissayābhāve pañcahi aṅgehi vinā na hotīti <span class="bld">‘‘somanassasahagatamaggo hotī’’</span>ti āha. <span class="bld">Upekkhāsahagatamaggo</span>ti etena catutthajjhānikatāpi samānā anusayasamugghāṭanasamatthassa na saṅkhārāvasesatāti dasseti. <span class="bld">Te ca vādā na virujjhanti</span> ajjhāsayavasena pañcamajjhānikatāya paṭhamādijjhānikatāya ca sambhavatoti adhippāyo. Ajjhāsayo ca sātthako hoti, aññathā pādakasammasitajjhāneheva niyamassa siddhattā ajjhāsayo niyāmako vuccamāno niratthako siyāti. <span class="bld">Idha pana</span> aṭṭhasāliniyā niyāmane ekantikaṃ vipassanāsaṅkhātaṃ <span class="bld">atthameva</span> uddharitvā ‘‘tesampi vādesu ayaṃ…pe… vipassanāva niyametī’’ti vadantena <a name="M0.0117"></a> tayopete vāde vipassanāva niyametīti dassitaṃ. Taṃtaṃvādānañhi vipassanāsahitānameva siddhi, nāññathāti dassitanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pavedhatī</span>ti gotrabhussa paccayo bhavituṃ na sakkotīti attho. Yadi pañcamacittakkhaṇe javanaṃ patitaṃ nāma hoti, kathaṃ tadā gotrabhu tadanantarañca maggo javanassa patitakkhaṇe uppajjatīti? Apubbassa javanantarassa patitatābhāvato. Tadeva hi javanaṃ anekakkhattuṃ pavattamānaṃ <a name="V0.0113"></a> patitaṃ siyāti, gotrabhu pana ārammaṇantare uppannaṃ apubbaṃ javanaṃ, tathā maggo bhūmantarato cāti. Nanu ca sattamajavanacetanāya balavatāya upapajjavedanīyabhāvo hoti ānantariyatāpīti, tatthāyaṃ adhippāyo siyā ‘‘paṭisandhiyā anantarapaccayabhāvino vipākasantānassa anantarapaccayabhāvena antimajavanacetanāya susaṅkhatattā sā sattamajavanacetanā upapajjavedanīyā ānantarikā ca hoti, na apatitajavanacetanā viya balavatāyā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Puna anulomaṃ taṃ anubandheyyā</span>ti gotrabhussa hi saṅkhārārammaṇatte sati tadapi anulomamevāti purimaanulomaṃ viya taṃ tadapi aññaṃ anulomaṃ anubandheyya, na maggoti maggavuṭṭhānameva ca na bhaveyya attano sadisālambanassa āvajjanaṭṭhāniyassa paccayassa alābhā. Appahīnabhāvena pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu anusayitā kilesā sā bhūmi etehi laddhāti katvā <span class="bld">bhūmiladdhā</span>. Vaṭṭaṃ sinonti bandhantīti katvā <span class="bld">vaṭṭasetū</span> ca, tesaṃ <span class="bld">samugghātakaraṇa</span>ntipi etadevassa lobhakkhandhādipadālanaṃ vuccati. <span class="bld">Ta</span>nti pavattaṃ. <span class="bld">Ekaṃ bhava</span>nti anāgāmino anekakkhattuñca tattheva upapajjantassa heṭṭhā anāgamanavasena eko bhavoti gahetvā vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Imassa panatthassā</span>ti yathāvuttassa upādinnakapavattato vuṭṭhānassa. Apāyesu sattamabhavato uddhaṃ sugatiyañca vipākadāyakassa abhisaṅkhāraviññāṇassa paccayaghāto sotāpattimaggañāṇena abhisaṅkhāraviññāṇassa nirodho daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Dvīsu bhavesū</span>ti anāgāmimagge abhāvite sakadāgāmissa kāmadhātuyaṃ ye dve bhavā uppajjeyyuṃ, tesūti attho. <span class="bld">Calatī</span>ti etena calanasabhāvameva dasseti, na acalanābhāvaṃ, tasmā acalanaṃ dassetvā puna calanaṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tathāgatassa hī’’</span>tiādimāha. Yepi vā katthaci cattāropi magge samānapaṭipade disvā sabhāvato acalanameva <a name="M0.0118"></a> gaṇheyyuṃ, tesaṃ taṃgahaṇanivāraṇatthaṃ ‘‘calatī’’ti vuttaṃ, na calanāvadhāraṇatthanti yuttaṃ ubhayadassanaṃ. Atha vā yadipi kesañci cattāropi maggā samānapaṭipadā, tathāpi kilesindriyehi sijjhamānā paṭipadā tesaṃ vasena calanapakatikā evāti ‘‘calati’’cceva vuttaṃ, na ‘‘na calatī’’ti.</p>
<p class="centered">Lokuttarakusalapakiṇṇakakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Paṭhamamaggavīsatimahānayavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para357"></a><span class="paranum">357</span>. Yassa <a name="V0.0114"></a> pubbabhāge ‘‘maggaṃ bhāvemī’’ti ajjhāsayo pavatto, so maggaṃ bhāveti. Evaṃ sabbattha ajjhāsayavisesena taṃtaṃbhāvanāviseso daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para358"></a><span class="paranum">358</span>. <span class="bld">Chandādhipateyya</span>ntiādīsu ekacittakkhaṇe vattamānesu dhammesu kathaṃ chandassa taṃsahajātassa adhipatibhāvo vīriyādīnañcāti? Upanissayavasena. Yassa hi sace chandavato kusalaṃ nipphajjati, ‘‘ahaṃ nipphādessāmī’’ti pavattamānassa kusalaṃ nipphannaṃ, tassa taṃsahajāto chando tena purimupanissayena visiṭṭho sahajātadhamme attano vase vatteti. Tasmiñca pavattamāne te pavattanti, nivattamāne nivattanti, tadanurūpabalā ca honti rājapurisā viyāti. Evaṃ vīriyādīsu. Sesadhammānaṃ pana katthaci vuttappakārappavattisabbhāvepi ataṃsabhāvattā adhipatibhāvo natthīti daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dutiyamaggavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para361"></a><span class="paranum">361</span>. Ā-kārassa rassattaṃ katvā aññindriyaṃ vuttaṃ, ā-kāro ca dhammamariyādattho.</p>
<p class="subhead">Tatiyacatutthamaggavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para362"></a><span class="paranum">362</span>. <span class="bld">Maggaṅgāni na pūrenti</span> akiccakattā sammādiṭṭhiyāti adhippāyo. Mārento gacchatīti hi maggo, na cetāya māretabbaṃ atthīti. Mānassa diṭṭhisadisā <a name="M0.0119"></a> pavatti ahamasmīti pavattamānassa diṭṭhiṭṭhāne ṭhānaṃ. <span class="bld">Ālokasseva pavattikālo viyā</span>ti cirappavattiṃ sandhāyāha. Ekadesasāmaññena hi yathādhippetena upamā hotīti. <span class="bld">Khāre vā</span>ti kaṭṭhādīnaṃ khāracchārikāyaṃ. <span class="bld">Sammadditvā</span>ti kiledetvā. <span class="bld">Chando</span>ti taṇhā. <span class="bld">Anusayo</span>ti taṇhā mānānusayo ca. Etasmiñca sutte asamūhatassa gandhassa samugghāṭanaṃ viya asamūhatamānādisamugghātaṃ dassentena aññamaññe kilese pajahatīti dassitanti ānītaṃ, na yathāvuttanayena upamāya vuttattāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Nirantaraṃ pavattamāne citte tassa saṃkilesavodānakarā sāvajjānavajjā cetasikā uppajjamānā tassaṅgabhūtā avayavā viya hontīti <span class="bld">‘‘cittaṅgavasenā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="centered">Lokuttarakusalavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="centered">Kusalakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="title">Akusalapadaṃ</p>
<p class="subhead">Dhammuddesavāro</p>
<p class="subhead">Paṭhamacittakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para365"></a><span class="paranum">365</span>. Kusale <a name="V0.0115"></a> vuttanayaṃ anugantvā yathānurūpaṃ veditabbatāya <span class="bld">‘‘vuttanayenā’’</span>ti āha. <span class="bld">Gantabbābhāvato</span>ti bujjhitabbābhāvato. <span class="bld">Diṭṭhiyā gatamatta</span>nti diṭṭhiyā gatimattaṃ gahaṇamattaṃ. Āsannakāraṇattā ayonisomanasikārassa visuṃ gahaṇaṃ ekantakāraṇattā ca. <span class="bld">Satisaṃvaro</span>ti idha sītādīhi phuṭṭhassa appamajjanaṃ khamanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Pahānasaṃvaro</span>ti vīriyasaṃvaro.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Assādadassana</span>nti assādadiṭṭhi. Phalaṭṭhena paccupaṭṭhānena <span class="bld">asammāpaṭipattipaccupaṭṭhānomoho,</span> sammāpaṭipattipaṭipakkhabhāvaggahaṇākāro vā. Sabbassa lobhassa abhijjhābhāve satipi visesayuttāya abhijjhāya kammapathappattāya idhuppajjamānāya lakkhaṇādiṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sā parasampattīna’’</span>ntiādimāha. Attano pariṇāmanassa purecārikā taṇhābhirati <span class="bld">abhirati</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anupaparikkhā</span> <a name="M0.0120"></a> moho. Mohavasena hi diṭṭhivasena vā avatthusmiṃ sānunayo adhimokkho uppajjatīti. <span class="bld">Asatiyacitte</span>ti ahirikādīhi ārakkharahitacitte. <span class="bld">Satirahitattā satipaṭipakkhattā cā</span>ti etena satirahitā satipaṭipakkhā ca akusalā khandhā eva micchāsatīti dasseti. Te pana upanāhādippavattiyaṃ cirakatādisallakkhaṇe paṭusaññāsampayuttā daṭṭhabbā. <span class="bld">Sadarathādibhāvo</span> avisesena kilesasampayogato vutto lahutādiekantapaṭipakkhānaṃ thinamiddhādīnaṃ kesañci idha abhāvā. <span class="bld">Avūpasamo</span>ti asannisinnasabbhāvamāha. <span class="bld">Anavaṭṭhānarasa</span>nti calanakiccaṃ. <span class="bld">Cetaso avūpasame</span>ti nipphādetabbe payojane bhummaṃ, avūpasamapaccayabhūtaṃ ārammaṇaṃ vā ‘‘avūpasamo’’ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="centered">Dhammuddesavārakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Niddesavārakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para377"></a><span class="paranum">377</span>. <span class="bld">Sahajātadhammesu</span> <a name="V0.0116"></a> <span class="bld">akampanaṃ</span> na kosajjesu akampanaṃ viya tappaṭipakkhabhāvato daṭṭhabbaṃ, taṃtaṃpāpakiriyāya ussahanavasena pana thiratā tattha akampanaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para381"></a><span class="paranum">381</span>. <span class="bld">Diṭṭhiyā virūpaṃ phandita</span>nti tathā tathā sassatādivasena pavattā diṭṭhi eva vuccati. <span class="bld">Tarantī</span>ti titthe viya pilavanti. <span class="bld">Vipariyesato</span>ti vatthussa viparītato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para390"></a><span class="paranum">390</span>. Sabhāvapaṭicchādanavasena pakatiattādiasantagahaṇassa aniccādīnaṃ niccādivisamagahaṇassa ca saññādivipariyesassa nissayattā <span class="bld">‘‘asantaṃ asamañca bujjhatī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dutiyacittavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para399"></a><span class="paranum">399</span>. <span class="bld">Kiñcāpi…pe… parāmasantassa uppajjatī</span>ti purimacittena avisesaṃ dasseti. Anussāhanāvasīdanabhāvena saṃhatabhāvo <span class="bld">thinaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="subhead">Tatiyacittavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para400"></a><span class="paranum">400</span>. <span class="bld">Idha mānena saddhiṃ pañca apaṇṇakaṅgānī</span>ti avirajjhanakaṅgāni uppattiarahaṅgāni hontīti attho daṭṭhabbo. Mānassa aniyatattā na niyatayevāpanakāti<a name="M0.0121"></a>. Paṭṭhāne hi ‘‘saṃyojanaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca saṃyojano dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā’’ti (paṭṭhā. 3.4.1) ettha ‘‘catukkhattuṃ kāmarāgena tikkhattuṃ paṭighena ca māno vicikicchā bhavarāgo tayopete sakadāgāmino saṃyojanānaṃ saṃyojanehi dasavidhā yojanā’’ti dassitāya dasavidhāya yojanāya ‘‘kāmarāgasaṃyojanaṃ paṭicca mānasaṃyojanaṃ avijjāsaṃyojana’’nti vatvā ‘‘kāmarāgasaṃyojanaṃ paṭicca avijjāsaṃyojana’’nti ‘‘mānasaṃyojanaṃ paṭicca bhavarāgasaṃyojanaṃ avijjāsaṃyojana’’nti ca vatvā ‘‘bhavarāgasaṃyojanaṃ paṭicca avijjāsaṃyojana’’nti vuttāhi yojanāhi mānassa aniyatabhāvo pakāsito, tathā kilesadukepi. Idha ca vakkhati ‘‘dasavidhā saṃyojanānaṃ yojanā, tathā dasavidhā kilesāna’’nti ca. Unnamanavaseneva <span class="bld">sampaggaharaso</span><a name="V0.0117"></a>, na vīriyaṃ viya taṃtaṃkiccasādhane abbhussāhanavasena. Omānassapi attānaṃ avaṃkatvā gahaṇaṃ sampaggahoti daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="subhead">Catutthacittavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para402"></a><span class="paranum">402</span>. Pariharaṇatthaṃ vikkhittā hutvā ussāhaṃ janentā <span class="bld">‘‘pariharaṇatthaṃ saussāhā’’</span>ti vuttā, tesaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Navamacittavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para413"></a><span class="paranum">413</span>. Visappanaaniṭṭharūpasamuṭṭhānavasena attano pavattiākāravasena ca <span class="bld">visappanaraso</span>. Doso upayogaphalesu aniṭṭhattā visasaṃsaṭṭhapūtimuttaṃ viya daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Anabhiratirasā</span>ti evaṃpakāresu paṭikkhepena rasavacanesu taṃtaṃpaṭipakkhakiccagahaṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Kaṭukākāragati <span class="bld">kaṭukañcukatā, attasampatti</span> āvāsādi, parāyattatāya <span class="bld">dāsabyaṃ viya daṭṭhabbaṃ</span>. Yathā hi dāsabye sati dāso parāyatto hoti, evaṃ kukkucce sati taṃsamaṅgī. Na hi so attano dhammatāya pavattituṃ sakkoti kusaleti. Atha vā katākatākusalakusalānusocane āyattatāya tadubhayavasena kukkuccena taṃsamaṅgī hotīti dāsabyaṃ viya taṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para418"></a><span class="paranum">418</span>. <span class="bld">Viruddhākāro</span>ti <a name="M0.0122"></a> viruddhassa puggalassa, cittassa vā ākāro viruddhabhāvo. Tena virujjhanaṃ virodhoti dasseti. <span class="bld">Vacana</span>nti etaṃ nidassanamattaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sabbameva hi kiccaṃ etena kariyamānaṃ suropitaṃ sujanitaṃ na hotīti. Ropasaddavacanatthameva keci vaṇṇenti. <span class="bld">Taṃ appamāṇa</span>nti kodhassa tathāpavattanasabhāvābhāvā aññena kenaci kāraṇena paripuṇṇatā siyāti sandhāya vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="subhead">Ekādasamacittavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para422"></a><span class="paranum">422</span>. <span class="bld">Vigatā cikicchā</span>ti cikicchituṃ dukkaratāya vuttaṃ, na sabbathā cikicchābhāvā vicikicchāyāti tadatthaṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para424"></a><span class="paranum">424</span>. Nicchayābhāvā <a name="V0.0118"></a> asaṇṭhahanato cetaso pavattipaccayamattatāya <span class="bld">‘‘pavattiṭṭhitimatta’’</span>nti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para425"></a><span class="paranum">425</span>. Ekaṃ ākāraṃ gantuṃ asamatthatāya attano āmukhaṃ sappanato <span class="bld">osakkati</span>.</p>
<p class="subhead">Dvādasamacittavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para429"></a><span class="paranum">429</span>. Uddhaccaṃ attano gahitākāre eva ṭhatvā bhamatīti <span class="bld">ekārammaṇasmiṃyeva vipphandanaṃ</span> hoti. Vicikicchā pana yadipi rūpādīsu ekasmiññevārammaṇe uppajjati, tathāpi ‘‘evaṃ nu kho, idaṃ nu kho’’ti uppajjamānā ‘‘nanu kho, aññaṃ nu kho’’ti aññaṃ gahetabbākāraṃ apekkhatīti <span class="bld">nānārammaṇe</span> calanaṃ hoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">‘‘Evaṃsampadamidaṃ veditabba’’</span>nti ettāvatā imasmiṃ cittadvaye vuttapakiṇṇakaṃ dassetvā dvādasasu dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘sabbesupī’’</span>tiādimāha. Kusalesupi ārammaṇādhipatiṃ anuddharitvā sahajātādhipatino eva uddhaṭattā idhāpi so eva uddharitabbo siyāti <span class="bld">‘‘sahajātādhipati labbhamānopi na uddhaṭo’’</span>ti vuttaṃ nārammaṇādhipatino alabbhamānattā. Sopi hi aṭṭhasu lobhasahagatesu labbhatīti. <span class="bld">Sesopī</span>ti vīmaṃsato aññopi sahajātādhipati natthi, yo uddharitabbo siyā. Ārammaṇādhipatimhi vattabbameva natthi. <span class="bld">Kañci dhamma</span>nti chandādīsu ekampi sahajātaṃ. Kusalattike tāva paṭiccavārādīsu ‘‘na hetupaccayā adhipatipaccayā’’ti ekassapi pañhassa <a name="M0.0123"></a> anuddhaṭattā paṭṭhāne paṭisiddhatā veditabbā. Aññathā hi ‘‘akusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca akusalo dhammo uppajjati na hetupaccayā adhipatipaccayā’’ti (paṭṭhā. 1.1.86) etassa vasena ‘‘eka’’nti vattabbaṃ siyā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Dassanena pahātabbābhāvato</span>ti dassanena pahātabbassa abhāvato, dassanena pahātabbesu vā abhāvato. Etena paṭisandhianākaḍḍhanato dassanena pahātabbesu anāgamananti tattha anāgamanena paṭisandhianākaḍḍhanaṃ sādheti. Anākaḍḍhanato anāgamanaṃ pana sādhetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tesu hī’’</span>tiādimāha. Ettheva paṭisandhidānaṃ bhaveyya. Tathā ca sati dassanena pahātabbaṃ siyā apāyagamanīyassa dassanena <a name="V0.0119"></a> pahātabbabhāvato. Na cetaṃ dassanena pahātabbaṃ siyā, tasmā dassanena pahātabbavibhaṅge nāgatanti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kathaṃ panetaṃ ñāyati ‘‘paṭisandhianākaḍḍhanato dassanena pahātabbesu anāgamana’’nti? Dassanena pahātabbānaññeva nānākkhaṇikakammapaccayabhāvassa vuttattā. Duvidhā hi akusalā dassanena pahātabbā bhāvanāya pahātabbāti. Tattha bhāvanāya pahātabbacetanānaṃ nānākkhaṇikakammapaccayabhāvo na vutto, itarāsaññeva vutto. ‘‘Bhāvanāya pahātabbo dhammo neva dassanena na bhāvanāya pahātabbassa dhammassa kammapaccayena paccayo’’ti ettha hi sahajātameva vibhattaṃ, na nānākkhaṇikanti. Tathā paccanīyepi ‘‘bhāvanāya pahātabbo dhammo neva dassanena na bhāvanāya pahātabbassa dhammassa ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo…pe… sahajātapaccayena…pe… upanissayapaccayena…pe…. Pacchājātapaccayena paccayo’’ti ettakameva vuttaṃ, na vuttaṃ ‘‘kammapaccayena paccayo’’ti. Itarattha ca vuttaṃ. Uddhaccasahagatā ca cetanā bhāvanāya pahātabbesu eva āgatāti nānākkhaṇikakammapaccayo na siyāti. Yadi siyā, bhāvanāya pahātabbacetanāya ca nānākkhaṇikakammapaccayabhāvo vucceyya, na tu vutto. Tasmā uddhaccasahagatā nānākkhaṇikakammapaccayabhāve sati dassanena pahātabbesu vattabbā siyā, tadabhāvā na vuttāti. Paṭisandhianākaḍḍhanato tattha anāgatāti ayametthādhippāyo. Nānākkhaṇikakammapaccayāvacanena pana bhāvanāya pahātabbānaṃ pavattivipākatā paṭikkhittā. Pavattivipākassapi hi nānākkhaṇikakammapaccayatā na sakkā nivāretuṃ. Vuttañca <a name="M0.0124"></a> ‘‘sukhāya vedanāya sampayutto dhammo dukkhāya vedanāya sampayuttassa dhammassa kammapaccayena paccayo, nānākkhaṇikā’’tiādi (paṭṭhā. 1.3.56-57). Yadi bhāvanāya pahātabbānaṃ vipākadānaṃ natthi, kathaṃ te vipākadhammadhammā hontīti? Abhiññācittādīnaṃ viya vipākārahasabhāvattā. Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘yasmiṃ samaye akusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti upekkhāsahagataṃ uddhaccasampayuttaṃ…pe… avikkhepo hoti, imesu dhammesu ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā, tesaṃ vipāke ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā’’ti (vibha. 730-731) idampi tesaṃ vipākārahataññeva sandhāya vuttaṃ siyā. Idaṃ pana ṭhānaṃ suṭṭhu vicāretabbaṃ. Atthi hi ettha vacanokāso. Na hi vipāketi vacanaṃ vipākadhammavacanaṃ viya vipākārahataṃ vadatīti.</p>
<p class="centered">Akusalapadavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Abyākatapadaṃ</p>
<p class="subhead">Ahetukakusalavipākavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para431"></a><span class="paranum">431</span>. <span class="bld">Tesu</span> <a name="V0.0120"></a> <span class="bld">vipākābyākata</span>ntiādīnaṃ ‘‘bhājetvā dassetuṃ katame dhammā abyākatātiādi āraddha’’nti etena sambandho. <span class="bld">Tassāpī</span>ti etassa ‘‘uppattiṃ dīpetuṃ kāmā…pe… ādi vutta’’nti etena sambandho. <span class="bld">Upacitattā</span>ti yathā aññassa vipākaṃ paṭibāhitvā attano vipākābhimukhaṃ hoti tathā vaḍḍhitattā. Rūpādīnaṃ paccayānaṃ aññaviññāṇasādhāraṇattā asādhāraṇena vatthunā cakkhuviññāṇaṃ sotaviññāṇanti nāmaṃ uddhaṭaṃ. Cakkhādīnaṃ tikkhamandabhāve viññāṇānaṃ tikkhamandabhāvā visesapaccayattā ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Cakkhusannissitañca taṃ rūpavijānanañcāti <span class="bld">cakkhusannissitarūpavijānanaṃ</span>. Evaṃlakkhaṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaṃ. Tattha cakkhusannissitavacanena rūpārammaṇaṃ aññaviññāṇaṃ paṭikkhipati. Rūpavijānanavacanena cakkhunissaye phassādayo nivatteti. Cakkhurūpavacanehi ca nissayato ārammaṇato ca vijānanaṃ vibhāveti. Rūpamattassa ārammaṇassa gahaṇaṃ kiccametassāti <span class="bld">rūpamattārammaṇarasaṃ. Jhānaṅgavasenā</span>ti idaṃ dvipañcaviññāṇavajjesu vijjamānānaṃ upekkhāsukhadukkhekaggatānaṃ jhānaṅgikattā idhāpi taṃsadisānaṃ tadupacāraṃ <a name="M0.0125"></a> katvā vuttaṃ. Na hi jhānapaccayattābhāve jhānaṅgatā atthi. Vuttañhi ‘‘jhānaṅgāni jhānasampayutta…pe… rūpānaṃ jhānapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 1.3.112). Etesañca jhānapaccayabhāvo paṭikkhitto. Yathāha ‘‘abyākataṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca abyākato dhammo uppajjati na jhānapaccayā. Pañcaviññāṇasahagataṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca tayo khandhā’’tiādi (paṭṭhā. 1.1.98). Jhānapaccayattābhāvepi vedanācittaṭṭhitīnaṃ upekkhādibhāvato tathābhūtānaṃ vacane aññaṭṭhānābhāvato ca dutiyarāsiniddeso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para436"></a><span class="paranum">436</span>. <span class="bld">Vatthupaṇḍarattā</span>ti sayaṃ kaṇhadhammānaṃ appaṭipakkhattā sabhāvaparisuddhānaṃ pasādahadayavatthunissayānaṃ vasena paṇḍarasabhāvaṃ jātanti adhippāyo. Ayaṃ pana nayo catuvokāre na labbhatīti tattha bhavaṅgassa tato nikkhantākusalassa ca paṇḍaratā na siyā, tasmā tattha paṇḍaratāya kāraṇaṃ vattabbaṃ. Sabhāvo vāyaṃ cittassa paṇḍaratāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para439"></a><span class="paranum">439</span>. <span class="bld">Idampī</span>ti <a name="V0.0121"></a> <span class="bld">pi</span>-saddo ṭhitimattasahitaṃ pubbe vuttaṃ vicikicchāsahagataṃ apekkhitvā vutto. <span class="bld">Pakatiyā</span>ti anatikkamanena. <span class="bld">So</span>pi viseso. <span class="bld">Kāyappasādaṃ ghaṭṭetvā pasādapaccayesu mahābhūtesu paṭihaññatī</span>ti āpāthaṃ gantvā paṭihaññatīti attho. Yathā ca ‘‘rūpaṃ ārabbha uppanna’’nti vutte na ārammaṇuppādānaṃ pubbāparakālatā hoti, evamidhāpi ghaṭṭanapaṭihananesu daṭṭhabbaṃ. Upamāpi ubhayaghaṭṭanadassanatthaṃ vuttā, na nissitanissayaghaṭṭanānaṃ pubbāparatādassanatthaṃ. Ettha ca <span class="bld">bahiddhā</span>ti etaṃ nidassanamattaṃ. Ajjhattampi hi ārammaṇaṃ hotīti. Viññāṇadhātunissayabhūtehi vā aññaṃ ‘‘bahiddhā’’ti vuttaṃ. Paṭighaṭṭanānighaṃso balavā hoti, tato eva iṭṭhāniṭṭhaphoṭṭhabbasamāyoge sukhadukkhapaccayā dhātuanuggahadhātukkhobhā ciraṃ anuvattanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para455"></a><span class="paranum">455</span>. Aññesaṃ cittānaṃ sabhāvasuññatasabbhāvā manodhātubhāvo āpajjatīti ce? Na, visesasabbhāvā. Cakkhuviññāṇādīnañhi cakkhādinissitatā cakkhādīnaṃ savisayesu dassanādippavattibhāvatā ca viseso. Manoviññāṇassa pana anaññanissayamanopubbaṅgamatāya aññanissayaviññāṇassa anantarapaccayattābhāvena manodvāraniggamanamukhabhāvābhāvato ca sātisayavijānanakiccatā viseso. Tabbisesavirahā manomattā dhātu <a name="M0.0126"></a> manodhātūti tividhā manodhātu eva vuccati, na visesamano. Tasmā ettha <span class="bld">mano eva dhātu manodhātū</span>ti <span class="bld">eva</span>-saddo mattasaddattho daṭṭhabbo. Visesanivattanattho hi so viññāṇassāti. Manodvāraniggamanapavesamukhabhāvato pana manodhātuyā vijānanavisesaviraho daṭṭhabbo, tato eva manoviññāṇantipi na vuccati. Na hi taṃ viññāṇaṃ manato pavattaṃ manaso paccayo, nāpi manaso paccayabhūtaṃ manato pavattaṃ, dassanādīnaṃ pana paccayo, tehi ca pavattaṃ tesaṃ purecaraṃ anucarañcāti. Sammāsaṅkappoti avacanaṃ mahāvipākānaṃ viya janakasadisattābhāvato. Tattha hi tihetukato duhetukampi uppajjamānaṃ sammāsaṅkappatādīhi sadisaṃ sahetukatāyāti. <span class="bld">Pañcaviññāṇasote</span>ti ettha yathā paguṇaṃ ganthaṃ sajjhāyanto sajjhāyasote patitaṃ kañci kañci vācanāmaggaṃ na sallakkheti, evaṃ tathāgatassa asallakkhaṇā nāma natthi, na ca pañcaviññāṇasote jhānaṅgābhāvo idha avacanassa kāraṇaṃ. Yadi tadanantaraṃ niddeso taṃsotapatitatā, ito paresaṃ dvinnaṃ manoviññāṇadhātūnaṃ taṃsotapatitatā na siyā. Tasmā pañcaviññāṇānaṃ viya ahetukatāya maggapaccayavirahā ca vijjamānesupi vitakkavicāresu jhānaṅgadhammānaṃ dubbalattā pañcaviññāṇesu viya agaṇanupagabhāvā ca pañcaviññāṇasotapatitatā. Tato eva hi ahetukakiriyattayepi jhānaṅgāni balāni ca saṅgahavāre <a name="V0.0122"></a> na uddhaṭāni, jhānapaccayakiccamattato pana paṭṭhāne dubbalānaṃ ettha vitakkādīnaṃ jhānapaccayatā vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para469"></a><span class="paranum">469</span>. Samānavatthukaṃ anantarapaccayaṃ labhitvā uppajjamānaṃ santīraṇaṃ manodhātuto balavataraṃ hotīti taṃ yathārammaṇaṃ ārammaṇarasaṃ anubhavantaṃ iṭṭhe somanassasahagataṃ hoti, iṭṭhamajjhatte upekkhāsahagataṃ sātisayānubhavattā, tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘ayañhi iṭṭhārammaṇasmiṃ yevā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. Voṭṭhabbanaṃ pana satipi balavabhāve vipākappavattiṃ nivattetvā visadisaṃ manaṃ karontaṃ manasikārakiccantarayogato vipāko viya anubhavanameva na hotīti sabbattha upekkhāsahagatameva hoti, tathā pañcadvārāvajjanaṃ manodvārāvajjanañca kiccavasena apubbattā.</p>
<p class="centered">Ahetukakusalavipākavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Aṭṭhamahāvipākacittavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para498"></a><span class="paranum">498</span>. <span class="bld">Alobho</span> <a name="M0.0127"></a> <span class="bld">abyākatamūla</span>ntiādīsu kusalapakkhe tāva alobhādosānaṃ niddesesu ‘‘yo tasmiṃ samaye alobho alubbhanā…pe… alobho kusalamūla’’nti (dha. sa. 32), ‘‘yo tasmiṃ samaye adoso adussanā…pe… adoso kusalamūla’’nti (dha. sa. 33) ca vuttattā idhāpi taṃniddesesu ‘‘alobho abyākatamūla’’nti ‘‘adoso abyākatamūla’’nti vacanaṃ yujjeyya. Paññindriyādiniddesesu pana ‘‘paññāratanaṃ amoho dhammavicayo sammādiṭṭhī’’ti (dha. sa. 34, 37) evaṃ tatthapi vuttaṃ, na vuttaṃ ‘‘amoho kusalamūla’’nti. Tasmā idhāpi ‘‘amoho abyākatamūla’’nti pāṭhena na bhavitabbaṃ siyā. Alobhādosānaṃ viya amohassapi abyākatamūladassanatthaṃ panetaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Aviññattijanakato</span>ti kāyavacīkammadvāranivāraṇaṃ karoti. <span class="bld">Avipākadhammato</span>ti manokammadvāranivāraṇañca. Vipākadhammānañhi kammadvāraṃ vuttanti. <span class="bld">Tathā appavattito</span>ti dānādipuññakiriyabhāvena appavattito. Etena puññakiriyavatthubhedameva nivāreti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Balavapaccayehī</span>ti <a name="V0.0123"></a> payogena vinā nipphannehi ārammaṇādipaccayehi. Asaṅkhārikādīsu hi yena kenaci cittena kamme āyūhite asaṅkhārena appayogena kammakammanimittagatinimittapaccupaṭṭhāne paṭisandhi uppajjamānā asaṅkhārikā hoti, sasaṅkhārena sappayogena kammādipaccupaṭṭhāne sasaṅkhārikā. Bhavaṅgacutiyo pana paṭisandhisadisāva. Tadārammaṇañca kusalākusalāni viya asaṅkhārikaṃ sasaṅkhārikañca daṭṭhabbanti. Etesu balavaṃ dubbalañca vicāretuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tattha sabbepi sabbaññubodhisattā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Kālavasena pana pariṇamatī</span>ti appāyukasaṃvattanikakammabahule kāle taṃkammasahitasantānajanitasukkasoṇitapaccayānaṃ taṃmūlakānaṃ candasūriyavisamaparivattādijanitautāhārādivisamapaccayānañca vasena pariṇamati.</p>
<p class="subhead">Vipākuddhārakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yato yattako ca vipāko hoti, yasmiñca ṭhāne vipaccati, taṃ dassetuṃ vipākuddhārakathā āraddhā. <span class="bld">Etthevā</span>ti ekāya cetanāya kamme āyūhiteyeva. Duhetukapaṭisandhivasena dvādasakamaggopi hoti<a name="M0.0128"></a>, dvādasakappakāropīti attho. Ahetukapaṭisandhivasena ahetukaṭṭhakampi. Asaṅkhārikasasaṅkhārikānaṃ sasaṅkhārikaasaṅkhārikavipākasaṅkaraṃ anicchanto dutiyatthero <span class="bld">‘‘dvādasā’’</span>tiādimāha. Purimassa hi paccayatosasaṅkhārikaasaṅkhārikabhāvo, itaresaṃ kammato. Tatiyo tihetukato duhetukampi anicchanto <span class="bld">‘‘dasā’’</span>tiādimāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Imasmiṃ vipākuddhāraṭṭhāne kammapaṭisandhivavatthānatthaṃ <span class="bld">sāketapañhaṃ gaṇhiṃsu</span>. Kammavasena vipākassa taṃtaṃguṇadosussadanimittataṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">ussadakittanaṃ gaṇhiṃsu. Hetukittanaṃ</span> idha paṭhamattherassa adhippāyena vuttaṃ. Dutiyattheravādādīsu visesaṃ tattha tattheva vakkhāmi. Ñāṇassa jaccandhādivipattinimittapaṭipakkhabhāvato tihetukaṃ atidubbalampi samānaṃ paṭisandhiṃ ākaḍḍhantaṃ duhetukaṃ ākaḍḍheyyāti <span class="bld">‘‘ahetukā na hotī’’</span>ti āha. Yaṃ pana <span class="bld">paṭisambhidāmagge</span> sugatiyaṃ jaccandhabadhirādivipattiyā ahetukaupapattiṃ vajjetvā gatisampattiyā sahetukopapattiṃ dassentena ‘‘gatisampattiyā ñāṇasampayutte katamesaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ hetūnaṃ paccayā upapatti hoti’’cceva (paṭi. ma. 1.232) vuttaṃ. Tena ñāṇavippayuttena kammunā ñāṇasampayuttapaṭisandhi na hotīti dīpitaṃ hoti. Aññathā ‘‘sattannaṃ hetūnaṃ paccayā upapatti hotī’’ti idampi vucceyya. Tathā hi ‘‘gatisampattiyā ñāṇasampayutte katamesaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ hetūnaṃ paccayā upapatti hoti? Kusalassa <a name="V0.0124"></a> kammassa javanakkhaṇe tayo hetū kusalā tasmiṃ khaṇe jātacetanāya sahajātapaccayā honti. Tena vuccati kusalamūlapaccayāpi saṅkhārā. Nikantikkhaṇe dve hetū akusalā tasmiṃ khaṇe jātacetanāya sahajātapaccayā honti. Tena vuccati akusalamūlapaccayāpi saṅkhārā. Paṭisandhikkhaṇe tayo hetū abyākatā tasmiṃ khaṇe jātacetanāya sahajātapaccayā honti. Tena vuccati nāmarūpapaccayāpi viññāṇaṃ, viññāṇapaccayāpi nāmarūpa’’nti vissajjitaṃ ñāṇasampayuttopapattiyaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Evaṃ ñāṇavippayuttato ñāṇasampayuttupapattiyā ca vijjamānāya ‘‘gatisampattiyā ñāṇasampayutte katamesaṃ sattannaṃ hetūnaṃ paccayā upapatti hoti? Kusalassa kammassa javanakkhaṇe dve hetū kusalā’’ti vatvā aññattha ca pubbe vuttanayeneva sakkā vissajjanaṃ kātunti. Yathā <a name="M0.0129"></a> pana ‘‘ñāṇasampayutte sattannaṃ hetūnaṃ paccayā’’ti avacanato ñāṇavippayuttato ñāṇasampayuttā paṭisandhi na hoti, evaṃ ‘‘gatisampattiyā ñāṇavippayutte channaṃ hetūnaṃ paccayā upapatti hoti’’cceva (paṭi. ma. 1.233) vatvā ‘‘sattannaṃ hetūnaṃ paccayā’’ti avacanato ñāṇasampayuttato ñāṇavippayuttāpi paṭisandhi na hotīti āpannaṃ. Etthāpi hi na na sakkā kammanikantikkhaṇesu tayo ca dve ca hetū yojetvā paṭisandhikkhaṇe dve yojetunti. Imassa pana therassa ayamadhippāyo siyā ‘‘kammasarikkhakavipākadassanavasena idha pāṭho sāvaseso kathito’’ti. ‘‘Ñāṇasampayutte aṭṭhannaṃ hetūnaṃ paccayā’’ti etthāpi pāṭhassa sāvasesatāpattīti ce? Na, dubbalassa duhetukakammassa ñāṇasampayuttavipākadāne asamatthattā. Tihetukassa pana ahetukavipaccane viya duhetukavipaccanepi natthi samatthatāvighātoti. <span class="bld">Ārammaṇena vedanā parivattetabbā</span>ti santīraṇatadārammaṇe sandhāya vuttaṃ. Vibhāgaggahaṇasamatthatābhāvato hi cakkhuviññāṇādīni iṭṭhaiṭṭhamajjhattesu upekkhāsahagatāneva honti, kāyaviññāṇañca sukhasahagatameva paṭighaṭṭanāvisesenāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Visesavatā kālena tadārammaṇapaccayasabbajavanavatā vipākappavattiṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘saṃvarāsaṃvare…pe… upagatassā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ aññakāle pañcaviññāṇādiparipuṇṇavipākappavattiabhāvā. <span class="bld">Kakkaṭaka…pe… bhavaṅgotaraṇa</span>nti etena idaṃ dasseti – kedāre pūretvā nadīpavesanamaggabhūtaṃ mātikaṃ appavisitvā kakkaṭakamaggādinā amaggena nadīotaraṇaṃ viya cittassa javitvā bhavaṅgappavesanamaggabhūte tadārammaṇe anuppanne maggena vinā bhavaṅgotaraṇanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etesu <a name="V0.0125"></a> tīsu moghavāresu dutiyo upaparikkhitvā gahetabbo. Yadi hi anulome vedanāttike paṭiccavārādīsu ‘‘āsevanapaccayā na magge dve’’ti ‘‘na maggapaccayā āsevane dve’’ti ca vuttaṃ siyā, sopi moghavāro labbheyya. Yadi pana voṭṭhabbanampi āsevanapaccayo siyā, kusalākusalānampi siyā. Na hi āsevanapaccayaṃ laddhuṃ yuttassa āsevanapaccayabhāvī dhammo āsevanapaccayoti avutto atthi. Voṭṭhabbanassa pana kusalākusalānaṃ āsevanapaccayabhāvo avutto. ‘‘Kusalaṃ <a name="M0.0130"></a> dhammaṃ paṭicca kusalo dhammo uppajjati nāsevanapaccayā. Akusalaṃ dhammaṃ…pe… nāsevanapaccayā’’ti (paṭṭhā. 1.1.93) vacanato paṭikkhittova. Athāpi siyā ‘‘asamānavedanānaṃ vasena evaṃ vutta’’nti, evamapi yathā ‘‘āvajjanā kusalānaṃ khandhānaṃ akusalānaṃ khandhānaṃ anantarapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 1.1.417) vuttaṃ, evaṃ ‘‘āsevanapaccayena paccayoti’’pi vattabbaṃ siyā, jātibhedā na vuttanti ce? Bhūmibhinnassa kāmāvacarassa rūpāvacarādīnaṃ āsevanapaccayabhāvo viya jātibhinnassapi bhaveyyāti vattabbo eva siyā. Abhinnajātikassa ca vasena yathā ‘‘āvajjanā sahetukānaṃ khandhānaṃ anantarapaccayena paccayo’’ti vuttaṃ, evaṃ ‘‘āsevanapaccayena paccayo’’tipi vattabbaṃ siyā, na tu vuttaṃ. Tasmā vedanāttikepi saṅkhittāya gaṇanāya ‘‘āsevanapaccayā na magge ekaṃ, na maggapaccayā āsevane eka’’nti evaṃ gaṇanāya niddhāriyamānāya voṭṭhabbanassa āsevanapaccayattassa abhāvā yathāvuttappakāro dutiyo moghavāro vīmaṃsitabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Voṭṭhabbanaṃ pana vīthivipākasantatiyā āvaṭṭanato āvajjanā, tato visadisassa javanassa karaṇato manasikāro ca. Evañca katvā paṭṭhāne ‘‘voṭṭhabbanaṃ kusalānaṃ khandhānaṃ anantarapaccayena paccayo’’tiādi na vuttaṃ, ‘‘āvajjanā’’icceva vuttaṃ. Tasmā voṭṭhabbanato catunnaṃ vā pañcannaṃ vā javanānaṃ ārammaṇapurejātaṃ bhavituṃ asakkontaṃ rūpādiāvajjanādīnaṃ paccayo bhavituṃ na sakkoti, ayametassa sabhāvoti javanāpāripūriyā dutiyo moghavāro dassetuṃ yutto siyā, ayampi aṭṭhakathāyaṃ anāgatattā suṭṭhu vicāretabbo. Bhavaṅgassa javanānubandhanabhūtattā <span class="bld">‘‘tadārammaṇaṃ bhavaṅga’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Paṭṭhāne (paṭṭhā. 3.1.102) ca vuttaṃ ‘‘sahetukaṃ bhavaṅgaṃ ahetukassa bhavaṅgassa anantarapaccayena paccayo’’ti, ‘‘ahetukaṃ bhavaṅgaṃ sahetukassa bhavaṅgassa anantarapaccayena paccayo’’ti ca. Kusalākusalānaṃ sukhadukkhavipākamatto vipāko na iṭṭhāniṭṭhānaṃ vibhāgaṃ karoti, javanaṃ pana rajjanavirajjanādivasena iṭṭhāniṭṭhavibhāgaṃ karotīti <span class="bld">‘‘ārammaṇarasaṃ javanameva anubhavatī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Avijjamāne <a name="V0.0126"></a> kārake kathaṃ āvajjanādibhāvena pavatti hotīti taṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">pañcavidhaṃ niyāmaṃ nāma gaṇhiṃsu</span>. Niyāmo ca dhammānaṃ sabhāvakiccapaccayabhāvavisesova. <span class="bld">Taṃtaṃsadisaphaladāna</span>nti tassa tassa attano anurūpaphalassa <a name="M0.0131"></a> dānaṃ. <span class="bld">Sadisavipākadāna</span>nti ca anurūpavipākadānanti attho. <span class="bld">Idaṃ vatthu</span>nti ekavacananiddeso ekagāthāvatthubhāvena kato. <span class="bld">Jagatippadeso</span>ti yathāvuttato aññopi lokappadeso. Kālagatiupadhipayogapaṭibāḷhañhi pāpaṃ na vipacceyya, na padesapaṭibāḷhanti. Sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānapaṭisandhiyādidhammānaṃ niyāmo dasasahassikampanapaccayabhāvo <span class="bld">dhammaniyāmo</span>. <span class="bld">Ayaṃ idha adhippeto</span>ti etena niyāmavasena āvajjanādibhāvo, na kārakavasenāti etamatthaṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Imasmiṃ ṭhāne</span>ti soḷasavipākakathāṭhāne. Dvādasahi vāhetabbā nāḷiyantopamā na dvādasannaṃ cittānaṃ ekasmiṃ dvāre ekārammaṇe saha kiccakaraṇavasena vuttā, atha kho dvādasannaṃ ekasmiṃ dvāre sakiccakaraṇamattavasena. Ahetukapaṭisandhijanakasadisajavanānantaraṃ ahetukatadārammaṇaṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘catunnaṃ pana duhetukakusalacittānaṃ aññatarajavanassa…pe… patiṭṭhātī’’</span>ti āha. Ahetukapaṭisandhikassa pana tihetukajavane javite paṭisandhidāyakena kammena ahetukassa tadārammaṇassa nibbatti na paṭisedhitā. Evaṃ duhetukapaṭisandhikassapi tihetukānantaraṃ duhetukatadārammaṇaṃ appaṭisiddhaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Paripuṇṇavipākassa ca paṭisandhijanakakammassa vasenāyaṃ vipākavibhāvanā tassā mukhanidassanamattamevāti pavattivipākassa ca ekassa tihetukādikammassa soḷasavipākacittādīni vuttanayena yojetabbāni. Tasmā yena kenaci kammunā ekena anekaṃ tadārammaṇaṃ pavattamānaṃ kammavisesābhāvā yesaṃ taṃ anubandhabhūtaṃ, tesaṃ javanasaṅkhātānaṃ paccayānaṃ visesena visiṭṭhaṃ hotīti javanenāyaṃ tadārammaṇaniyāmo vutto, na nānākammunā nibbattamānassa vasena. Evañca katvā paṭṭhāne (paṭṭhā. 3.1.98) ‘‘sahetuke khandhe aniccato dukkhato anattato vipassati. Kusalākusale niruddhe ahetuko vipāko tadārammaṇatā uppajjatī’’ti ñāṇānantaraṃ ahetukatadārammaṇaṃ, ‘‘kusalākusale niruddhe sahetuko vipāko tadārammaṇatā uppajjatī’’ti akusalānantarañca sahetukatadārammaṇaṃ vuttaṃ, na ca ‘‘taṃ etena therena adassita’’nti katvā tassa paṭisedho kato hotīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yaṃ</span> <a name="M0.0132"></a> <span class="bld">pana javanena…pe… taṃ kusalaṃ sandhāya vutta</span>nti idaṃ kusalassa viya akusalassa sadiso <a name="V0.0127"></a> vipāko natthīti katvā vuttaṃ. Sasaṅkhārikāsaṅkhārikaniyamanaṃ pana sandhāya tasmiṃ vutte akusalepi na taṃ na yujjatīti. <span class="bld">Aṭṭhānameta</span>nti idaṃ niyamitādivasena yoniso ayoniso vā āvaṭṭite ayoniso yoniso vā vavatthāpanassa abhāvaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paṭisiddha</span>nti avacanameva paṭisedhoti katvā vuttaṃ. Kāmataṇhānibbattena kammunā mahaggatalokuttarānubhavanavipāko na hotīti tattha tadārammaṇābhāvo veditabbo. Āpāthagate visaye tanninnaṃ bhavaṅgaṃ āvajjanaṃ uppādetīti āvajjanaṃ visaye <span class="bld">ninnattā</span> uppajjati. Bhavaṅgaṃ pana sabbadā savisaye ninnamevāti visayantaraviññāṇassa paccayo hutvāpi tadabhāvā vinā āvajjanena savisaye ninnattāva uppajjati. <span class="bld">Ciṇṇattā</span>ti āvajjanena vinā bahulaṃ uppannapubbattā. <span class="bld">Samudācārattā</span>ti āpāthagate visaye paṭisandhivisaye ca bahulaṃ uppāditapubbattā. <span class="bld">Ciṇṇattā</span>ti vā puggalena āsevitabhāvo vutto. <span class="bld">Samudācārattā</span>ti sayaṃ bahulaṃ pavattabhāvo. <span class="bld">Nirodhassa anantarapaccayaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatana</span>nti idaṃ tadanantarameva nirodhaphusanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, na arūpakkhandhānaṃ viya nirodhassa anantarapaccayabhāvaṃ. Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ pana kiñci parikammena vinā uppajjamānaṃ natthi. Parikammāvajjanameva tassa āvajjananti aññassa viya etassapi sāvajjanatāya bhavitabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ayaṃ panetthādhippāyo daṭṭhabbo – nevasaññānāsaññāyatanassa na nirodhassa anantarapaccayabhāve ninnāditā aññattha diṭṭhā atadatthaparikammabhāve ca uppattiyā, atha ca taṃ tassa anantarapaccayo hoti, tathā ca uppajjati. Evaṃ yathāvuttā manoviññāṇadhātu asatipi nirāvajjanuppattiyaṃ ninnādibhāve nirāvajjanā uppajjatīti. Evañca katvā <span class="bld">‘‘ariyamaggacittaṃ maggānantarāni phalacittānī’’</span>ti idaṃ vuttaṃ. Yadi hi nibbānārammaṇāvajjanābhāvaṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ siyā, gotrabhuvodānāni nidassanāni siyuṃ teheva etesaṃ nirāvajjanatāsiddhito. Phalasamāpattikāle ca ‘‘parittārammaṇaṃ mahaggatārammaṇaṃ anulomaṃ phalasamāpattiyā <a name="M0.0133"></a> anantarapaccayena paccayo’’ti vacanato samānārammaṇāvajjanarahitattā ‘‘maggānantarāni phalacittānī’’ti evaṃ phalasamāpatticittāni na vajjetabbāni siyuṃ, gotrabhuvodānāni pana yadipi nibbāne ciṇṇāni samudācārāni ca na honti, ārammaṇantare ciṇṇasamudācārāneva. Phalasamāpatticittāni ca maggavīthito uddhaṃ tadatthaparikammasabbhāvāti tesaṃ gahaṇaṃ na kataṃ, anulomānantarañca phalasamāpatticittaṃ ciṇṇaṃ samudācāraṃ, na nevasaññānāsaññāyatanānantaraṃ <a name="V0.0128"></a> maggānantarassa viya tadatthaparikammābhāvāti ‘‘nirodhā vuṭṭhahantassā’’ti tañca nidassanaṃ. <span class="bld">Ārammaṇena pana vinā nuppajjatī</span>ti idaṃ etassa mahaggatārammaṇattābhāvā pucchaṃ kāretvā ārammaṇaniddhāraṇatthaṃ vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tatthā</span>ti vipākakathāyaṃ. Jaccandhapīṭhasappiupamānidassanaṃ vipākassa nissayena vinā appavattidassanatthaṃ. <span class="bld">Visayaggāho</span>ti idaṃ cakkhādīnaṃ savisayaggahaṇena cakkhuviññāṇādivipākassa dassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Upanissayato cakkhādīnaṃ dassanādiatthato ca tasseva vipākassa dassanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘upanissayamatthaso’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Hadayavatthumevā</span>ti yathā purimacittāni hadayavatthunissitāni ca pasādavatthuanugatāni ca aññārammaṇāni honti, na evaṃ bhavaṅgaṃ, taṃ panetaṃ vatthārammaṇantararahitaṃ kevalaṃ hadayavatthumeva nissāya pavattatīti vuttaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Hadayarūpavatthuka</span>nti idhāpi aññavatthānugatanti adhippāyo veditabbo. Makkaṭakassa hi suttārohaṇaṃ viya pasādavatthukaṃ cittaṃ, suttena gamanādīni viya tadanugatāni sesacittānīti. Suttaghaṭṭanamakkaṭakacalanāni viya pasādaghaṭṭanabhavaṅgacalanāni saha hontīti dīpanato <span class="bld">‘‘ekekaṃ…pe… āgacchatī’’</span>tipi dīpeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhavaṅgassa āvaṭṭitakālo</span>ti idaṃ dovārikasadisānaṃ cakkhuviññāṇādīnaṃ pādaparimajjakasadisassa āvajjanassa saññādānasadiso anantarapaccayabhāvo eva bhavaṅgāvaṭṭananti katvā vuttaṃ. Vipākamanodhātuādīnaṃ adisvāva sampaṭicchanādikaraṇaṃ gāḷhaggahaṇamattaputhulacaturassabhāvavijānanamattakahāpaṇabhāvavijānanamattakammopanayanamattasāmaññavasena vuttaṃ, na gāḷhaggāhakādīnaṃ kahāpaṇadassanassa abhāvo taṃsamānabhāvo ca sampaṭicchanādīnaṃ adhippetoti veditabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paṇḍaraṃ</span> <a name="M0.0134"></a> <span class="bld">eta</span>nti paṇḍararūpadassanasāmaññato cakkhuviññāṇameva dassanakiccaṃ sādhetīti dīpanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Evaṃ sotadvārādīsupi yojetabbaṃ savanādivasena. Santāpanavasena guḷasīlo guḷappayojano vā <span class="bld">goḷiyako. Upanissayato</span>ti na upanissayapaccayaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Yasmiṃ pana asati yo na hoti, so idha ‘‘upanissayo’’ti adhippeto. <span class="bld">Ālokasannissita</span>nti idampi āloke sati sabbhāvaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, na upanissayapaccayataṃ. <span class="bld">Mandathāmagataṃ</span> nāma kiriyacittassa paccayabhāvaṃ anupagantvā sayameva pavattamānaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Asaṅkhārikasasaṅkhārikesu</span> <a name="V0.0129"></a> <span class="bld">dosaṃ disvā</span>ti na kammassa viruddhasabhāvena vipākena bhavitabbanti asaṅkhārikakammassa sasaṅkhārikavipākesu, sasaṅkhārikakammassa ca asaṅkhārikavipākesu dosaṃ disvā. Ahetukānaṃ pana rūpādīsu abhinipātamattādikiccānaṃ na sasaṅkhārikaviruddho sabhāvoti asaṅkhārikatā natthi, asaṅkhārikaviruddhasabhāvābhāvā nāpi sasaṅkhārikatāti ubhayāvirodhā ubhayenapi tesaṃ nibbattiṃ anujānāti. <span class="bld">Cittaniyāma</span>nti tadārammaṇaniyāmaṃ. <span class="bld">Kiriyato pañcāti imesaṃ…pe… patiṭṭhātī</span>ti kiriyajavanānantarañca tadārammaṇaṃ vuttaṃ. Paṭṭhāne (paṭṭhā. 1.3.94) pana ‘‘kusalākusale niruddhe vipāko tadārammaṇatā uppajjatī’’ti vipākadhammadhammānameva anantarā tadārammaṇaṃ vuttaṃ. Kusalattike ca ‘‘sekkhā vā puthujjanā vā kusalaṃ aniccato’’tiādinā (paṭṭhā. 1.1.406) kusalākusalajavanameva vatvā tadanantaraṃ tadārammaṇaṃ vuttaṃ, na abyākatānantaraṃ, na ca katthaci kiriyānantaraṃ tadārammaṇassa vuttaṭṭhānaṃ dissati. Vijjamāne ca tasmiṃ avacane kāraṇaṃ natthi, tasmā upaparikkhitabbo eso theravādo. Vipphārikañhi javanaṃ nāvaṃ viya nadīsoto bhavaṅgaṃ anubandhatīti yuttaṃ, na pana chaḷaṅgupekkhavato santavuttiṃ kiriyajavanaṃ paṇṇapuṭaṃ viya nadīsototi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Piṇḍajavanaṃ javatī</span>ti kusalākusalakiriyajavanāni piṇḍetvā kathitānīti tathā kathitāni javanāni piṇḍitāni viya vuttāni, ekasmiṃ vā tadārammaṇe piṇḍetvā dassitāni hutvā javitāneva vuttāni. Imañca pana piṇḍajavanaṃ vadantena akusalato cattāriyeva upekkhāsahagatāni gahetvā dvādasupekkhāsahagatajavanāni piṇḍitāni viya vuttāni. Paṭṭhāne pana ‘‘kusalaṃ assādeti abhinandati, taṃ ārabbha rāgo uppajjati. Diṭṭhi, vicikicchā<a name="M0.0135"></a>, uddhaccaṃ, domanassaṃ uppajjati. Akusale niruddhe vipāko tadārammaṇatā uppajjatī’’ti vuttattā itarāni dve iṭṭhārammaṇe pavattavicikicchuddhaccasahagatānipi kusalavipāke tadārammaṇe piṇḍetabbāni siyuṃ. Tesaṃ pana anantaraṃ ahetukavipākeneva tadārammaṇena bhavitabbaṃ, so ca santīraṇabhāveneva gahitoti apubbaṃ gahetabbaṃ natthi. Ahetuke ca piṇḍetabbaṃ nārahantīti adhippāyena na piṇḍetīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tihetukajavanāvasāne panetthā</span>ti etasmiṃ dutiyavāde tihetukajavanāvasāne tihetukatadārammaṇaṃ yuttanti dassetuṃ yuttaṃ vadati javanasamānattā, nālabbhamānattā aññassa. Paṭhamattherena akusalānantaraṃ vuttassa ahetukatadārammaṇassa, kusalānantaraṃ vuttassa ca sahetukatadārammaṇassa <a name="V0.0130"></a> akusalānantaraṃ uppattiṃ vadantassa hi paṭisandhijanakaṃ tihetukakammaṃ duhetukāhetukaṃ vipākaṃ janayantampi tihetukajavanānantaraṃ na janetīti na ettha kāraṇaṃ dissatīti evaṃ yuttaṃ gahetabbaṃ avuttampīti adhippāyo. Atha vā tasmiṃ tasmiṃ theravāde yena adhippāyena sasaṅkhārāsaṅkhāravidhānādi vuttaṃ, taṃ teneva adhippāyena yuttaṃ gahetabbaṃ, na adhippāyantaraṃ adhippāyantarena āloḷetabbanti attho. <span class="bld">Hetusadisamevā</span>ti janakakammahetusadisameva. <span class="bld">Mahāpakaraṇe āvi bhavissatī</span>ti mahāpakaraṇe āgatapāḷiyā pākaṭaṃ uppattividhānaṃ āvi bhavissatīti adhippāyena vadati.</p>
<p class="centered">Kāmāvacarakusalavipākakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Rūpāvacarārūpāvacaravipākakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para499"></a><span class="paranum">499</span>. <span class="bld">Anantarāyenā</span>ti parihānipaccayavirahena. <span class="bld">Paṭipadādibhedo</span>ti paṭipadārammaṇabhedo. Tathā hi dukkhapaṭipadaṃ dandhābhiññaṃ jhānaṃ uppādetvā punappunaṃ samāpajjantassa taṃ jhānaṃ taṃpaṭipadameva hoti. Etasmiṃ aparihīne tassa vipāko nibbattamāno tappaṭipadova bhavituṃ arahatīti. Chandādhipateyyādibhāvo pana tasmiṃ khaṇe vijjamānānaṃ chandādīnaṃ adhipatipaccayabhāvena hoti, na āgamanavasena. Tathā hi ekameva <a name="M0.0136"></a> jhānaṃ nānākkhaṇesu nānādhipateyyaṃ hoti. Catutthajjhānasseva hi caturiddhipādabhāvena bhāvanā hoti, tasmā vipākassa āgamanavasena chandādhipateyyāditā na vuttā.</p>
<p class="centered">Rūpāvacarārūpāvacaravipākakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Lokuttaravipākakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para505"></a><span class="paranum">505</span>. Yathā vaṭṭaṃ ācinati, tathā taṇhādīhi abhisaṅkhataṃ lokiyakammaṃ <span class="bld">upacita</span>nti vuccati<a name="V0.0131"></a>. Lokuttaraṃ pana evaṃ na hotīti tathā na vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Suddhāgamanavasenā</span>ti animittāppaṇihitanāmadāyakehi saguṇārammaṇehi vijjamānehipi phalassa suññatanāmadānadīpane aggahitabhāveneva avomissenāti attho. Āgamanato suññatāppaṇihitanāmavato maggassa āgamanīyaṭṭhāne ṭhatvā attano phalassa nāmattayadānaṃ yojitaṃ, itarassapi pana tatheva yojetabbaṃ. Nayamattadassanañhetaṃ. Saguṇārammaṇehi pana nāmattayavato aniccānupassanānantarassapi maggassa āgamanīyaṭṭhāne ṭhatvā attano phalassa nāmattayadānaṃ na nivāritanti. Vaḷañjanakaphalasamāpattiyā ca vipassanāgamanavasena nāmalābhe maggassa viya animittanāmalābho na siyā. Yathā pana maggānantarassa viya vaḷañjanakaphalasamāpattiyāpi jhānapaṭipadābhedo hoti, evaṃ suññatādināmalābhe sati animittanāmañca labhatīti. <span class="bld">Avūpasantāyā</span>ti idaṃ kenaci aññena anantaritattā tādisāya eva saddhāya…pe… paññāya ca anantarapaccayabhāvaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tena chandādayopi attano anantarasadisānaṃ chandādīnaṃ uppādakā adhipatibhūtā adhipatibhūte eva uppādentīti imamatthaṃ dīpeti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para555"></a><span class="paranum">555</span>. Kilesasamucchedakassa maggassa sammādiṭṭhiādikassa niyyānikasabhāvassa phalenapi paṭippassaddhakilesena niyyānasabhāveneva bhavitabbaṃ, tasmā phalepi <span class="bld">‘‘maggaṅgaṃ maggapariyāpanna’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Evañca katvā maggavibhaṅge phalesu ca aṭṭhaṅgiko pañcaṅgiko ca maggo uddhaṭo, evaṃ bojjhaṅgāpīti. <span class="bld">Maggaṃ upādāyā</span>ti maggasadisatāya maggoti imamatthaṃ sandhāyāha.</p>
<p class="centered">Lokuttaravipākakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Akusalavipākakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para556"></a><span class="paranum">556</span>. Iṭṭhaiṭṭhamajjhattesu <a name="M0.0137"></a> viya na aniṭṭhaaniṭṭhamajjhattesu santīraṇaviseso atthi, aniṭṭhārammaṇameva pana adhimattaṃ mandañca evaṃ dvidhā vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="centered">Akusalavipākakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="title">Kiriyābyākataṃ</p>
<p class="subhead">Manodhātucittavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para566"></a><span class="paranum">566</span>. <span class="bld">Vātapuppha</span>nti <a name="V0.0132"></a> moghapupphaṃ. Taṃ acchinnepi rukkhe na phalati, chinnarukkhapupphaṃ pana acchinne phaleyya. Evaṃ acchinnabhavamūlassapi pavattamānaṃ yaṃ na phalati, taṃ vātapupphasadisaṃ. Itarasseva pana pavattamānaṃ chinnarukkhapupphasadisaṃ. Tañhi acchinne bhavamūle phaleyyāti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Kiriyamanoviññāṇadhātucittavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para568"></a><span class="paranum">568</span>. <span class="bld">Loluppataṇhā pahīnā</span>ti imassa cittassa paccayabhūtā purimā pavatti dassitā. Idaṃ pana cittaṃ vicāraṇapaññārahitanti kevalaṃ somanassamattaṃ uppādentassa hotīti. Evaṃ cetiyapūjādīsupi daṭṭhabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Vattaṃ karonto</span>ti idaṃ vattaṃ karontassa phoṭṭhabbārammaṇe kāyadvāracittappavattiṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Pañcadvārānugataṃ hutvā labbhamānaṃ sandhāya pañcadvāre eva vā loluppataṇhāpahānādipaccavekkhaṇahetubhūtaṃ idameva pavattiṃ sandhāya tattha tattha <span class="bld">‘‘iminā cittena somanassito hotī’’</span>ti vuttanti <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ tāva pañcadvāre labbhatī’’</span>ti āha. Atītaṃsādīsu appaṭihataṃ ñāṇaṃ vatvā ‘‘imehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgatassa buddhassa bhagavato sabbaṃ kāyakammaṃ ñāṇānuparivattī’’tiādivacanato (mahāni. 156 atthato samānaṃ) ‘‘bhagavato idaṃ uppajjatī’’ti vuttavacanaṃ vicāretabbaṃ. Ahetukassa mūlābhāvena suppatiṭṭhitatā natthīti balabhāvo aparipuṇṇo, tasmā uddesavāre ‘‘samādhibalaṃ hoti, vīriyabalaṃ hotī’’ti na vuttaṃ. Tato eva hi ahetukānaṃ saṅgahavāre jhānaṅgāni ca na uddhaṭāni. Teneva imasmimpi ahetukadvaye balāni anuddesāsaṅgahitāni. Yasmā pana vīriyassa vijjamānattā sesāhetukehi <a name="M0.0138"></a> balavaṃ, yasmā ca ettha vitakkādīnaṃ jhānapaccayamattatā viya samādhivīriyānaṃ balamattatā atthi, tasmā niddesavāre ‘‘samādhibalaṃ vīriyabala’’nti vatvā ṭhapitaṃ. Yasmā pana neva kusalaṃ nākusalaṃ, tasmā sammāsamādhi micchāsamādhīti, sammāvāyāmo micchāvāyāmoti ca na vuttanti adhippāyo. Evaṃ sati mahākiriyacittesu ca etaṃ na vattabbaṃ siyā, vuttañca, tasmā sammā, micchā vā niyyānikasabhāvābhāvato maggapaccayabhāvaṃ appattā samādhivāyāmā idha tathā na vuttāti daṭṭhabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para574"></a><span class="paranum">574</span>. Indriyaparopariyattaāsayānusayasabbaññutānāvaraṇañāṇāni <a name="V0.0133"></a> imassānantaraṃ uppajjamānāni yamakapāṭihāriyamahākaruṇāsamāpattiñāṇāni ca imassa anantaraṃ uppannaparikammānantarāni iminā āvajjitārammaṇeyeva pavattantīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘cha…pe… gaṇhantī’’</span>ti. Mahāvisayattā mahāgajo viya mahantanti <span class="bld">mahāgajaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="subhead">Rūpāvacarārūpāvacarakiriyacittavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para577"></a><span class="paranum">577</span>. Idāni yāni kiriyāni jātāni, tāni veditabbānīti evaṃ yojanā kātabbā. <span class="bld">Attabhāvo</span>ti pañcakkhandhā vuccanti.</p>
<p class="centered">Cittuppādakaṇḍavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="chapter">2. Rūpakaṇḍaṃ</p>
<p class="subhead">Uddesavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext">Idāni <a name="M0.0139"></a><a name="V0.0134"></a> rūpamabyākataṃ bhājetabbaṃ, tañca kenaci samayavavatthānaṃ katvā na sakkā bhājetuṃ. Na hi rūpassa cittuppādena samayavavatthānaṃ sakkā kātuṃ acittasamuṭṭhānasabbhāvato, cittasamuṭṭhānassa ca anekacittasamuṭṭhānatāya rūpasamuṭṭhāpakacittānañca kesañci katthaci asamuṭṭhāpanatāya vavatthānābhāvato, viññattidvayavajjitassa rūpassa acittasahabhubhāvato ca, na ca rūpānaṃ upasampajja viharaṇena samayavavatthānaṃ yujjati mahaggatappamāṇānaṃ jhānānaṃ viya rūpānaṃ upasampajja vihātabbatābhāvā, upādārūpehi ca na yujjati tesaṃ sahajātādipaccayabhāvena appavattanato, nāpi mahābhūtehi yujjati kesañci mahābhūtānaṃ kehici upādārūpehi vinā pavattito asamānakālānañca sabbhāvato. Na hi ‘‘yasmiṃ samaye pathavīdhātu uppannā hoti, tasmiṃ samaye cakkhāyatanaṃ hotī’’ti sakkā vattuṃ sotādinissayabhūtāya pathaviyā cittādisamuṭṭhānāya ca saha cakkhāyatanassa abhāvā. Evaṃ sotāyatanādīsupi yojetabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mahābhūtehi asamānakālāni viññattiupacayādīnipi tasmiṃ samaye hontīti na sakkā vattunti. Ekasmiñca kāle anekāni kalāpasahassāni uppajjanti pavattanti ca, na arūpadhammānaṃ viya rūpānaṃ kalāpadvayasahābhāvo atthi. Ekasmiñca kalāpe vattamāne eva aññassa nirodho, aññassa cuppatti hotīti sabbathā rūpābyākataṃ samayavavatthānaṃ katvā na sakkā vibhajituṃ. Ekakādīhi pana nayehi na hetuādinā sabhāvena vibhajituṃ sakkāti tathā vibhajanatthaṃ cittuppādakaṇḍe tāva avibhattaṃ abyākataṃ atthīti dassetuṃ samayavavatthānena vinā abyākatassa sabhāvatoyeva niddese ekadesaṃ niddisitvā nigamanakaraṇassa anupapattito ca <a name="V0.0135"></a> vibhattañca avibhattañca sabbaṃ saṅgaṇhanto āha ‘‘katame dhammā abyākatā? Kusalā…pe… asaṅkhatā ca dhātu. Ime dhammā abyākatā’’ti. Avibhatte hi vibhajitabbe dassite vibhajanaṃ yuttaṃ ñātuṃ icchāya uppāditāyāti. Ettha pana vipākakiriyābyākataṃ vibhattattā <a name="M0.0140"></a> na vibhajitabbaṃ, asaṅkhatā ca dhātu bhedābhāvato. Yaṃ panettha bhedayuttattā avibhattattā ca vibhajitabbaṃ, taṃ vibhajanto āha <span class="bld">‘‘tattha katamaṃ sabbaṃ rūpa’’</span>ntiādi. Ayamettha pāḷiyojanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nayaṃ dassetvā</span>ti ettha heṭṭhā gahaṇameva nayadassanaṃ. Taṃ vipākesu katvā viññātattā kiriyābyākatesu nissaṭṭhaṃ. Kāmāvacarādibhāvena vattabbassa kiriyābyākatassa vā dassanaṃ, taṃ katvā kāmāvacarātiādikaṃ gahetvā vuttattā nissaṭṭhaṃ. <span class="bld">Pañcavīsati rūpānī</span>ti pāḷiyaṃ vuttāni dasāyatanāni pañcadasa ca sukhumarūpāni, upacayasantatiyo vā ekanti katvā hadayavatthuñca. <span class="bld">Channavutī</span>ti cakkhādidasakā satta utusamuṭṭhānādayo tayo aṭṭhakā utucittajā dve saddā ca. Kalāpabhāvena pavattarūparūpāni ‘‘rūpakoṭṭhāsā’’ti vuttāni rūpakalāpakoṭṭhāsabhāvato. <span class="bld">Koṭṭhāsā</span>ti ca aṃsā, avayavāti attho. <span class="bld">Koṭṭha</span>nti vā sarīraṃ, tassa aṃsā kesādayo koṭṭhāsāti aññepi avayavā koṭṭhāsā viya <span class="bld">koṭṭhāsā. Nibbānaṃ nippadesato gahita</span>nti sopādisesanirupādisesarāgakkhayādiasaṅkhatādivacanīyabhāvena bhinnaṃ nippadesato gahitaṃ. Atthato hi ekāva asaṅkhatā dhātūti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para584"></a><span class="paranum">584</span>. <span class="bld">Sabba</span>nti sakalaṃ cakkavāḷaṃ. <span class="bld">Parimaṇḍalaṃ</span> parimaṇḍalasaṇṭhānaṃ, parikkhepato chattiṃsa satasahassāni dasa ceva sahassāni aḍḍhacatutthāni ca yojanasatāni hontīti attho. Ettha ca vaṭṭaṃ ‘‘parimaṇḍala’’nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Cattāri nahutānī</span>ti cattālīsa sahassāni. <span class="bld">Nagavhayā</span>ti nagāti avhātabbā nagasaddanāmāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Devadānavādīnaṃ tigāvutādisarīravasena mahantāni pātubhūtāni. Tatthāyaṃ vacanattho – bhūtāni jātāni nibbattāni mahantāni <span class="bld">mahābhūtānī</span>ti. Anekacchariyadassanena anekābhūtavisesadassanavasena ca māyākāro mahanto bhūtoti <span class="bld">mahābhūto</span>. Yakkhādayo jātivaseneva mahantā bhūtāti <span class="bld">mahābhūtā</span>. Niruḷho vā ayaṃ mahābhūtasaddo tesu daṭṭhabbo. Pathaviyādayo pana mahābhūtā viya <span class="bld">mahābhūtā</span>. Bhūtasaddassa ubhayaliṅgattā napuṃsakatā katā. <span class="bld">Mahāparihārato</span>ti <a name="V0.0136"></a> ettha vacanatthaṃ vadanto āha <span class="bld">‘‘mahantehi bhūtāni, mahāparihārāni</span> <a name="M0.0141"></a> <span class="bld">vā bhūtānī’’</span>ti. Tattha pacchimatthe purimapade uttarapadassa parihārasaddassa lopaṃ katvā <span class="bld">‘‘mahābhūtānī’’</span>ti vuccanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Accimato</span>ti aggissa. Koṭisatasahassaṃ ekaṃ <span class="bld">koṭisatasahassekaṃ</span>. <span class="bld">Cakkavāḷa</span>nti taṃ sabbaṃ āṇākkhettavasena ekaṃ katvā voharanti. <span class="bld">Vilīyati</span> khārodakena. <span class="bld">Vikīratī</span>ti viddhaṃsati. Upādinnakesu vikāraṃ dassento <span class="bld">‘‘patthaddho’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Kaṭṭhamukhena vā</span>ti <span class="bld">vā</span>-saddo upamattho. Yathā kaṭṭhamukhasappena daṭṭho patthaddho hoti, evaṃ pathavīdhātuppakopena so kāyo kaṭṭhamukheva hoti, kaṭṭhamukhamukhagato viya patthaddho hotīti attho. Atha vā <span class="bld">vā</span>-saddo evasaddassatthe. ‘‘Pathavīdhātuppakopenā’’ti etassa ca parato āharitvā veditabbo. Tatrāyamattho – ‘‘kaṭṭhamukhena daṭṭhopi kāyo pathavīdhātuppakopeneva patthaddho hoti, tasmā pathavīdhātuyā aviyutto so kāyo sabbadā kaṭṭhamukhamukhagato viya hotī’’ti. Atha vā aniyamattho <span class="bld">vā</span>-saddo. Tatrāyamattho – ‘‘kaṭṭhamukhena daṭṭho kāyo patthaddho hoti vā na vā hoti mantāgadavasena, pathavīdhātuppakopena pana mantāgadarahito so kāyo kaṭṭhamukhamukhagato viya hoti ekantapatthaddho’’ti. <span class="bld">Pūtiyo</span>ti kuthito. <span class="bld">Mahāvikārāni bhūtānī</span>ti mahāvikārāni jātāni, vijjamānānīti vā attho. Ettha ca purimapade uttarapadassa vikārasaddassa lopaṃ katvā <span class="bld">‘‘mahābhūtānī’’</span>ti vuttāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pathavītiādinā sabbalokassa pākaṭānipi vipallāsaṃ muñcitvā yathāsabhāvato pariggayhamānāni mahantena vāyāmena vinā na pariggayhantīti pākaṭānipi duviññeyyasabhāvattā <span class="bld">‘‘mahantānī’’</span>ti vuccanti. Tāni hi suviññeyyāni amahantānīti gahetvā ṭhito tesaṃ duppariggahitataṃ disvā ‘‘aho mahantāni etānī’’ti pajānāti. <span class="bld">Upādāyā</span>ti etena viññāyamānā pacchimakālakiriyā pavattīti katvā <span class="bld">‘‘pavattarūpa’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Evañhi ‘‘upādāyā’’ti etena paṭiccasamuppannatā vuttā hotīti. Atha vā upādāyati nissayatīti upādāyaṃ, upādāyameva rūpaṃ <span class="bld">upādāyarūpaṃ,</span> aññanissayassa ekantanissitassa rūpassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Taṃ pana na sattassa, nāpi vedanādino tadabhāvepi bhāvatoti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘catunnaṃ mahābhūtāna’’</span>ntiādimāha. Bhavati hi nissayarūpānaṃ sāmibhāvoti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Tividharūpasaṅgahavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para585"></a><span class="paranum">585</span>. Pakiṇṇakadukesu <a name="M0.0142"></a><a name="V0.0137"></a> ajjhattikadukaṃ muñcitvā añño sabbadukehi tikavasena yojanaṃ gacchanto natthi, viññattiduko ca yojanaṃ na gacchatīti sabbadukayogīsu ādibhūtaṃ ajjhattikadukameva gahetvā sesehi sabbadukehi yojetvā tikā vuttā. Sakkā hi etena nayena aññesampi dukānaṃ dukantarehi labbhamānā tikayojanā viññātunti.</p>
<p class="subhead">Catubbidhādirūpasaṅgahavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para586"></a><span class="paranum">586</span>. Catukkesu ekantacittasamuṭṭhānassa viññattidvayabhāvato viññattidukādīhi samānagatiko cittasamuṭṭhānadukoti tena saha upādādukassa yojanāya labbhamānopi catukko na vutto, tathā sanidassanadukādīnaṃ tena tassa ca oḷārikadūradukehi yojanāya labbhamānā na vuttā, dhammānaṃ vā sabhāvakiccāni bodhetabbākārañca yāthāvato jānantena bhagavatā tena aññesaṃ tassa ca aññehi yojanā na katāti kiṃ ettha kāraṇapariyesanāya, addhā sā yojanā na kātabbā, yato bhagavatā na katāti veditabbā. Aññe pana pakiṇṇakadukā aññehi pakiṇṇakadukehi yojetuṃ yuttā, tehi yojitā eva. Vatthudukādīsu pana sotasamphassārammaṇadukādayo vajjetvā aññehi ārammaṇabāhirāyatanādilabbhamānadukehi upādinnakadukassa upādinnupādāniyadukassa ca yojanāya catukkā labbhanti, cittasamuṭṭhānadukassa ca sabbārammaṇabāhirāyatanādilabbhamānadukehi. Avasesehi pana tesaṃ aññesañca sabbavatthudukādīhi yojanāya na labbhantīti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="centered">Uddesavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Rūpavibhatti</p>
<p class="subhead">Ekakaniddesavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para594"></a><span class="paranum">594</span>. Avijjamānavibhāgassa vibhāgābhāvadassanameva <span class="bld">niddeso</span> nicchayakaraṇato, tasmā ‘‘sabbaṃ <a name="V0.0138"></a> rūpaṃ na hetumevā’’tiādinā vibhāgābhāvāvadhāraṇena <a name="M0.0143"></a> eva-saddena niddesaṃ karoti. <span class="bld">Hetuhetū</span>ti mūlahetu, hetupaccayahetūti vā ayamattho. <span class="bld">Mahābhūtā hetū</span>ti ayamevattho <span class="bld">mahābhūtā paccayo</span>ti etenapi vuttoti. Hetupaccayasaddānaṃ samānatthattā paccayo eva hetu <span class="bld">paccayahetu</span>. Yo ca rūpakkhandhassa hetu, so eva tassa paññāpanāya hetūti vutto tadabhāve abhāvato. <span class="bld">Atītānāgatapaccuppannānaṃ kammasamādānānaṃ ṭhānaso hetuso vipāka</span>nti ettha vijjamānesupi aññesu paccayesu iṭṭhāniṭṭhavipākaniyāmakattā uttamaṃ padhānaṃ kusalākusalaṃ gatiupadhikaālapayogasampattivipattiṭṭhānanipphāditaṃ iṭṭhāniṭṭhārammaṇañca kammamiva padhānattā ‘‘hetū’’ti vuttanti iminā adhippāyena kammārammaṇāni <span class="bld">‘‘uttamahetū’’</span>ti vuttāni. Vakkhati ca ‘‘gatiupadhikālapayogā vipākassa ṭhānaṃ, kammaṃ hetū’’ti. Idha pana kammamiva uttamattā ārammaṇampi hetuvacanaṃ arahatīti <span class="bld">‘‘uttamahetū’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Saṅkhārāna</span>nti puññābhisaṅkhārādīnaṃ avijjā sādhāraṇapaccayattā ‘‘hetū’’ti vuttā. <span class="bld">Pharatī</span>ti gacchati pāpuṇāti. <span class="bld">Paṭikkhepaniddeso</span>ti idaṃ mātikāya āgatapaṭikkhepavasena vuttaṃ. Idha pana mātikāya na hetupadādisaṅgahitatā ca rūpassa vuttā taṃtaṃsabhāvattā, avadhāritatā ca anaññasabhāvato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Rūpīduke rūpīpadameva idha ‘‘rūpa’’nti vuttaṃ. Tena rūpīrūpapadānaṃ ekatthatā siddhā hoti ruppanalakkhaṇayuttasseva rūpīrūpabhāvato. <span class="bld">Uppannaṃ chahi viññāṇehi viññeyya</span>nti arūpato vidhuraṃ rūpassa sabhāvaṃ dasseti. Na hi arūpaṃ uppannaṃ chahi viññāṇehi viññeyyaṃ yathā rūpaṃ, tena rūpaṃ uppannaṃ chahi viññāṇehi viññeyyaṃ, na arūpanti arūpato nivattetvā rūpe eva etaṃ sabhāvaṃ niyameti, na rūpaṃ etasmiṃ sabhāve. Atthi hi rūpaṃ atītānāgataṃ yaṃ uppannaṃ chahi viññāṇehi viññeyyasabhāvaṃ na hotīti. Etameva ca niyamaṃ puna evasaddena niyameti ‘‘yathāvutto niyamo rūpe atthi eva, arūpe viya na natthī’’ti. Atha vā <span class="bld">sabbaṃ rūpa</span>nti bhūtupādāyarūpaṃ kālabhedaṃ anāmasitvā ‘‘sabba’’nti vuttaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ arūpehi samānaviññeyyasabhāvaṃ atītānāgataṃ nivattetuṃ uppannanti etena viseseti, taṃ uppannaṃ sabbaṃ rūpaṃ chahi viññāṇehi viññeyyamevāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nanu evaṃ rūpāyatanassapi sotaviññāṇādīhi viññeyyatā āpajjatīti? Nāpajjati rūpaṃ sabbaṃ sampiṇḍetvā ekantalakkhaṇadassanavasena ekībhāvena <a name="M0.0144"></a> gahetvā arūpato vidhurassa chahi viññāṇehi viññeyyasabhāvassa dassanato. Paccuppannarūpameva chahi viññāṇehi viññeyyanti <a name="V0.0139"></a> etasmiṃ pana niyame ‘‘sabbaṃ rūpa’’nti etthāyaṃ viññeyyabhāvaniyamo na vutto, atha kho paccuppannanti sabbarūpassa ekantalakkhaṇaniyamo dassito na siyā. Pāḷiyañca <span class="bld">viññeyyamevā</span>ti <span class="bld">eva</span>-kāro vutto, na uppannamevāti. Tasmā uppannasseva manoviññeyyaniyamāpatti natthīti kiṃ sotapatitattena, tasmā vuttanayenattho yojetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kathaṃvidha</span>nti guṇehi kathaṃ saṇṭhitaṃ. Ñāṇameva <span class="bld">ñāṇavatthu</span>. Samānajātikānaṃ saṅgaho, samānajātiyā vā saṅgaho <span class="bld">sajātisaṅgaho</span>. Sañjāyanti etthāti sañjāti, sañjātiyā saṅgaho <span class="bld">sañjātisaṅgaho,</span> sañjātidesena saṅgahoti attho. Aññamaññopakāravasena avippayogena ca samādhidese jātā sammāsatiādayo samādhikkhandhe saṅgahitā. Yattha ca satiādisahāyavato samādhissa attano kiccakaraṇaṃ, so cittuppādo samādhideso. Sammāsaṅkappassa ca appanābhāvato paṭivedhasadisaṃ kiccanti samānena paṭivedhakiccena diṭṭhisaṅkappā paññakkhandhe saṅgahitā.</p>
<p class="centered">Rūpavibhattiekakaniddesavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="title">Dukaniddeso</p>
<p class="subhead">Upādābhājanīyakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para596"></a><span class="paranum">596</span>. Apparajakkhādisattasamūhadassanaṃ <span class="bld">buddhacakkhu,</span> chasu asādhāraṇañāṇesu indriyaparopariyattañāṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sabbasaṅkhatāsaṅkhatadassanaṃ <span class="bld">samantacakkhu</span>. ‘‘Dukkhaṃ pariññeyyaṃ pariññāta’’nti (saṃ. ni. 5.1081; mahāva. 15) evamādinā ākārena pavattaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ <span class="bld">ñāṇacakkhu,</span> tampi purimadvayamiva kāmāvacaraṃ. Catusaccadhammadassanaṃ <span class="bld">dhammacakkhu</span>. Upatthambhabhūtā catusamuṭṭhānikarūpasantatiyo sambhārā. Saha sambhārehi <span class="bld">sasambhāraṃ,</span> sambhāravantaṃ. <span class="bld">Sambhavo</span>ti āpodhātumeva sambhavasambhūtamāha. <span class="bld">Saṇṭhāna</span>nti vaṇṇāyatanameva parimaṇḍalādisaṇṭhānabhūtaṃ. Tesaṃ pana visuṃ vacanaṃ tathābhūtānaṃ atathābhūtānañca āpodhātuvaṇṇāyatanānaṃ <a name="M0.0145"></a> yathāvutte maṃsapiṇḍe vijjamānattā. Cuddasasambhāro hi maṃsapiṇḍo. Sambhavassa catudhātunissitehi <a name="V0.0140"></a> saha vuttassa dhātuttayanissitatā yojetabbā. Āpodhātuvaṇṇāyatanānameva vā sambhavasaṇṭhānābhāvā visuṃ vuttāti catudhātunissitatā ca na virujjhati. Yaṃ maṃsapiṇḍaṃ setādinā sañjānanto na pasādacakkhuṃ sañjānāti, patthiṇṇatādivisesaṃ vattukāmo ‘‘pathavīpi atthī’’tiādi vuttampi vadati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sarīrasaṇṭhānuppattidesabhūte</span>ti etena avasesaṃ kaṇhamaṇḍalaṃ paṭikkhipati. Snehamiva sattakkhipaṭalāni byāpetvā ṭhitāheva attano nissayabhūtāhi catūhi dhātūhi katūpakāraṃ taṃnissitehi eva āyuvaṇṇādīhi anupālitaparivāritaṃ tisantatirūpasamuṭṭhāpakehi utucittāhārehi upatthambhiyamānaṃ tiṭṭhati. Sattakkhipaṭalānaṃ byāpanavacanena ca anekakalāpagatabhāvaṃ cakkhussa dasseti. <span class="bld">Pamāṇato ūkāsiramatta</span>nti ūkāsiramatte padese pavattanato vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Rūpāni manupassatī</span>ti <span class="bld">ma</span>-kāro padasandhikaro. Atha vā <span class="bld">manū</span>ti macco. Upakārabhūtehi <span class="bld">saṅgahito. Pariyāyenā</span>ti catunnaṃ pasādo tesu ekassa dvinnañcātipi vattuṃ yutto samānadhanānaṃ dhanaṃ viyāti etena pariyāyena. <span class="bld">Sarīraṃ</span> rūpakkhandho eva. Paṭighaṭṭanameva nighaṃso <span class="bld">paṭighaṭṭanānighaṃso</span>. Rūpābhimukhabhāvena cakkhuviññāṇassa nissayabhāvāpattisaṅkhāto paṭighaṭṭanato jāto vā nighaṃso <span class="bld">paṭighaṭṭanānighaṃso</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Parikappavacanaṃ</span> ‘‘sace āpāthaṃ āgaccheyyā’’ti hetukiriyaṃ, ‘‘passeyyā’’ti phalakiriyañca parikappetvā tena parikappena vacanaṃ. Ettha ca hetukiriyā anekattā avuttāpi viññāyatīti daṭṭhabbā. ‘‘Passe vā’’ti iminā vacanena tīsupi kālesu cakkhuviññāṇassa nissayabhāvaṃ anupagacchantaṃ cakkhuṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Dassane pariṇāyakabhāvo <span class="bld">dassanapariṇāyakaṭṭho</span>. Yathā hi issaro ‘‘idañcidañca karothā’’ti vadanto tasmiṃ tasmiṃ kicce sapurise pariṇāyati pavattayati, evamidampi cakkhusamphassādīnaṃ nissayabhāvena te dhamme dassanakicce āṇāpentaṃ viya pariṇāyatīti cakkhūti vuccati. Cakkhatīti hi <span class="bld">cakkhu,</span> yathāvuttena nayena ācikkhati pariṇāyatīti attho. Atha vā samavisamāni rūpāni cakkhati ācikkhati, pakāsetīti vā <span class="bld">cakkhu</span>. Sañjāyanti etthāti <span class="bld">sañjāti</span>. Ke sañjāyanti? Phassādīni<a name="M0.0146"></a>. Tathā <span class="bld">samosaraṇaṃ</span>. Cakkhusamphassādīnaṃ attano tikkhamandabhāvānupavattanena <span class="bld">indaṭṭhaṃ kāretī</span>ti. Niccaṃ dhuvaṃ attāti gahitassapi <span class="bld">lujjanapalujjanaṭṭhena</span>. Vaḷañjanti pavisanti etenāti vaḷañjanaṃ, taṃdvārikānaṃ phassādīnaṃ <span class="bld">vaḷañjanaṭṭhena</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para597"></a><span class="paranum">597</span>. Pubbe <a name="V0.0141"></a> vutto parikappo eva <span class="bld">vikappanattho. Ghaṭṭayamānamevā</span>ti pasādassa abhimukhabhāvavisesaṃ gacchantameva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para599"></a><span class="paranum">599</span>. Rūpaṃ ārabbha cakkhusamphassādīnaṃ uppattivacaneneva tesaṃ taṃdvārikānaṃ aññesañca rūpaṃ ārabbha uppatti vuttā hoti. Yathā ca tesaṃ rūpaṃ paccayo hoti, tena paccayena uppatti vuttā hotīti adhippāyena <span class="bld">‘‘iminā’’</span>tiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld">cakkhupasādavatthukānaṃ phassādīna</span>nti iminā vacanena tadālambanarūpārammaṇatāya taṃsadisānaṃ manodhātuādīnañca purejātapaccayena uppatti dassitāti daṭṭhabbā. Yattha pana viseso atthi, taṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘cakkhudvārajavanavīthipariyāpannāna’’</span>ntiādimāha. Tāni hi rūpaṃ garuṃ katvā pavattamānassādanābhinandanabhūtāni taṃsampayuttāni ca ārammaṇādhipatiārammaṇūpanissayehi uppajjanti, aññāni ārammaṇapurejātenevāti evaṃ ‘‘ārabbhā’’ti vacanaṃ ārammaṇapaccayato aññapaccayabhāvassapi dīpakaṃ, ārammaṇavacanaṃ ārammaṇapaccayabhāvassevāti ayametesaṃ viseso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para600"></a><span class="paranum">600</span>. <span class="bld">Suṇātī</span>ti sotaviññāṇassa nissayabhāvena suṇāti. Jivhāsaddena viññāyamānā kiriyā sāyananti katvā <span class="bld">‘‘sāyanaṭṭhenā’’</span>ti āha. Kucchitānaṃ dukkhasampayuttaphassādīnaṃ āyoti <span class="bld">kāyo,</span> dukkhadukkhavipariṇāmadukkhānaṃ vā. Kāyāyatanassa byāpitāya cakkhupasāde kāyapasādabhāvopi atthi, tena cakkhupasādassa anuviddhattā no byāpitā ca na siyā, vuttā ca sā. Tasmā cakkhupasādassa phoṭṭhabbāvabhāsanaṃ kāyapasādassa ca rūpāvabhāsanaṃ āpannanti lakkhaṇasammissataṃ codeti. Cakkhukāyānaṃ aññanissayattā kalāpantaragatatāya <span class="bld">‘‘aññassa aññattha abhāvato’’</span>ti āha. Rūparasādinidassanaṃ samānanissayānañca aññamaññasabhāvānupagamena aññamaññasmiṃ abhāvo, ko pana vādo asamānanissayānanti dassetuṃ vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Rūpābhighātāraho <a name="M0.0147"></a> ca so bhūtappasādo cāti <span class="bld">rūpābhighātārahabhūtappasādo</span>. Evaṃlakkhaṇaṃ cakkhu. <span class="bld">Rūpābhighāto</span>ti ca rūpe, rūpassa vā abhighātoti attho. Paripuṇṇāparipuṇṇāyatanattabhāvanibbattakassa kammassa nidānabhūtā kāmataṇhā rūpataṇhā ca tadāyatanikabhavapatthanābhāvato daṭṭhukāmatādivohāraṃ arahatīti dutiyo nayo sabbattha vutto. Tattha daṭṭhukāmatānidānaṃ kammaṃ samuṭṭhānametesanti <span class="bld">daṭṭhukāmatānidānakammasamuṭṭhānāni,</span> evaṃvidhānaṃ bhūtānaṃ <a name="V0.0142"></a> pasādalakkhaṇaṃ cakkhu, evaṃvidho vā bhūtappasādo <span class="bld">daṭṭhukāmatāni…pe… pasādo</span>. Evaṃlakkhaṇaṃ cakkhu. Rūpesu puggalassa vā viññāṇassa vā <span class="bld">āviñchanarasaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kāyo sabbesa</span>nti ko ettha viseso, nanu tejādiadhikānañca bhūtānaṃ pasādā sabbesaṃyevāti? Saccametaṃ, idaṃ pana ‘‘sabbesa’’nti vacanaṃ ‘‘samānāna’’nti imamatthaṃ dīpeti anuvattamānassa ekadesādhikabhāvassa nivāraṇavasena vuttattā. <span class="bld">Tejādīna</span>nti padīpasaṅkhātassa tejassa obhāsena vāyussa saddena pathaviyā gandhena kheḷasaṅkhātassa udakassa rasenāti purimavāde pacchimavāde ca yathāyogaṃ taṃtaṃbhūtaguṇehi anuggayhabhāvato rūpādiggahaṇe upakaritabbatoti attho. <span class="bld">Rūpādīnaṃ adhikabhāvadassanato</span>ti aggimhi rūpassa pabhassarassa vāyumhi saddassa sabhāvena suyyamānassa pathaviyā surabhiādino gandhassa āpe ca rasassa madhurassa visesayuttānaṃ dassanato <span class="bld">‘‘rūpādayo tesaṃ guṇā’’</span>ti paṭhamavādī āha. Tasseva ca <span class="bld">‘‘iccheyyāmā’’</span>tiādinā uttaramāha. Imināvupāyena dutiyavādissapi niggaho hotīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha vā rūpādivisesaguṇehi tejaākāsapathavīāpavāyūhi cakkhādīni katānīti vadantassa kaṇādassa vādaṃ tatiyaṃ uddharitvā taṃ niggahetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘athāpi vadeyyu’’</span>ntiādi vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Āsave upalabbhamānopi gandho pathaviyā āposaṃyuttāya kappāsato visadisāyāti na kappāsagandhassa adhikabhāvāpattīti ce? Na, anabhibhūtattā. Āsavehi udakasaṃyuttā pathavī udakena abhibhūtā, na kappāsapathavīti tassāyeva adhikena gandhena bhavitabbanti. Uṇhodakasaññutto ca aggi upalabbhanīyo mahantoti katvā tassa phasso viya vaṇṇopi pabhassaro upalabbhitabboti uṇhodakavaṇṇato agginā anabhisambandhassa sītudakassa vaṇṇo parihāyetha. <span class="bld">Tasmā</span>ti etassubhayassa abhāvā. Tadabhāvena hi <a name="M0.0148"></a> rūpādīnaṃ tejādivisesaguṇatā nivattitā, taṃnivattanena ‘‘tejādīnaṃ guṇehi rūpādīhi anuggayhabhāvato’’ti idaṃ kāraṇaṃ nivattitanti. Evaṃ paramparāya ubhayābhāvo visesakappanappahānassa kāraṇaṃ hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘tasmā pahāyetheta’’</span>ntiādi. Ekakalāpepi rūparasādayo visadisā, ko pana vādo nānākalāpe cakkhādayo bhūtavisesābhāvepīti dassetuṃ <span class="bld">rūparasādinidassanaṃ</span> vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi bhūtaviseso natthi, kiṃ pana cakkhādivisesassa kāraṇanti taṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘yaṃ aññamaññassā’’</span>tiādimāha. Ekampi kammaṃ pañcāyatanikattabhāvapatthanānipphannaṃ cakkhādīnaṃ visesahetuttā <a name="V0.0143"></a> ‘‘aññamaññassa asādhāraṇa’’nti ca ‘‘kammaviseso’’ti ca vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Na hi taṃ yena visesena cakkhussa paccayo, teneva sotassa hoti indriyantarābhāvappattito. ‘‘Paṭisandhikkhaṇe mahaggatā ekā cetanā kaṭattārūpānaṃ kammapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 2.12.78) vacanena paṭisandhikkhaṇe vijjamānānaṃ sabbesaṃ kaṭattārūpānaṃ ekā cetanā kammapaccayo hotīti viññāyati. Nānācetanāya hi tadā indriyuppattiyaṃ sati parittena ca mahaggatena ca kammunā nibbattitaṃ kaṭattārūpaṃ āpajjeyyāti na cekā paṭisandhi anekakammanibbattā hotīti siddhamekena kammena anekindriyuppatti hotīti. Anallīno nissayo etassāti <span class="bld">anallīnanissayo,</span> rūpasaddasaṅkhāto visayo. Gandharasānaṃ nissayā ghānajivhānissaye allīyantīti te nissayavasena allīnā, phoṭṭhabbaṃ sayaṃ kāyanissayaallīnaṃ bhūtattayattā. <span class="bld">Dūre…pe… sampatto eva nāma</span> paṭighaṭṭananighaṃsajanakatoti adhippāyo. Saddo pana <span class="bld">dhātuparamparāya</span> vāyu viya <span class="bld">āgantvā</span> nissayavasena sotanissaye allīyitvā <span class="bld">sotaṃ ghaṭṭetvā</span> vavatthānaṃ gacchanto <span class="bld">saṇikaṃ vavatthānaṃ gacchatī</span>ti vutto. Evaṃ pana saticittasamuṭṭhānaṃ saddāyatanaṃ sotaviññāṇassa kadācipi ārammaṇapaccayo na siyā. Na hi bahiddhā cittasamuṭṭhānuppatti upapajjatīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Cirena suyyeyyā</span>ti kasmā etaṃ vuttaṃ, nanu dūre ṭhitehi rajakādisaddā cirena suyyantīti? Na, dūrāsannānaṃ yathāpākaṭe sadde gahaṇavisesato. Yathā hi dūrāsannānaṃ vacanasadde yathā pākaṭībhūte gahaṇavisesato ākāravisesānaṃ aggahaṇaṃ gahaṇañca hoti, evaṃ rajakādisaddepi āsannassa ādito pabhuti yāvāvasānā kamena pākaṭībhūte <a name="M0.0149"></a> dūrassa cāvasāne majjhe vā piṇḍavasena pavattipākaṭībhūte nicchayagahaṇānaṃ sotaviññāṇavīthiyā parato pavattānaṃ visesato lahukaṃ suto cirena sutoti abhimāno hoti. So pana saddo yattha uppanno, taṃ nissitova attano vijjamānakkhaṇe sotassa āpāthamāgacchati. Dūre ṭhito pana saddo aññattha paṭighosuppattiyā bhājanādicalanassa ca ayokanto viya ayocalanassa paccayo hotīti daṭṭhabbo. Yathā vā ghaṇṭābhighātānujāni bhūtāni anuravassa nissayabhūtāni ghaṭṭanasabhāvāni, evaṃ ghaṭṭanānujāni yāva sotappasādā uppattivasena āgatāni bhūtāni ghaṭṭanasabhāvānevāti taṃnissito saddo nissayavasena dhātuparamparāya ghaṭṭetvā saṇikaṃ vavatthānaṃ gacchatīti vutto. <span class="bld">Asukadisāya nāmāti na paññāyeyya</span>. Kasmā? Sotappadesasseva saddassa gahaṇato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Visame <a name="V0.0144"></a> ajjhāsayo etassāti visamajjhāsayo, ajjhāsayarahitampi cakkhu visamaninnattā visamajjhāsayaṃ viya hotīti <span class="bld">‘‘visamajjhāsaya’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Cakkhumato vā puggalassa ajjhāsayavasena cakkhu <span class="bld">‘‘visamajjhāsaya’’</span>nti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kaṇṇakūpachiddeyeva pavattanato ārammaṇaggahaṇahetuto ca tattheva <span class="bld">‘‘ajjhāsayaṃ karotī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Tassa sotassa sotaviññāṇanissayabhāvena saddasavane. <span class="bld">Ajaṭākāsopi vaṭṭatī</span>ti etassa aṭṭhakathādhippāyena atthaṃ vadanto <span class="bld">‘‘antoleṇasmi’’</span>ntiādimāha. Attano adhippāyena vadanto <span class="bld">‘‘kiṃ etāya dhammatāyā’’</span>tiādimavoca.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Vātūpanissayo gandho gocaro etassāti <span class="bld">vātūpanissayagandhagocaraṃ</span>. Ettha ca gandhaggahaṇassa vāto upanissayo, tabbohārena pana gandho ‘‘vātūpanissayo’’ti vutto. Atha vā vāto eva upanissayo vātūpanissayo. Kassāti? Ghānaviññāṇassa. So sahakārīpaccayantarabhūto etassa atthīti <span class="bld">vātūpanissayo,</span> gandho paccayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Āpo ca sahakārīpaccayantarabhūto kheḷādiko. Tathā pathavī. Gahetabbassa hi phoṭṭhabbassa uppīḷiyamānassa ādhārabhūtā pathavī kāyassa ca phoṭṭhabbena uppīḷiyamānassa nissayabhūtānaṃ ādhārabhūtā sabbadā <a name="M0.0150"></a> phoṭṭhabbagahaṇassa upanissayoti. Uppīḷanena pana vinā phoṭṭhabbagahaṇe kāyāyatanassa nissayabhūtā pathavī upanissayoti daṭṭhabbā. Sabbadāpi ca tassā upanissayabhāvo yutto eva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Pañcavaṇṇāna</span>nti vacanaṃ tadādhārānaṃ suttānaṃ nānattadassanatthaṃ. Pañcappakārā pañcavaṇṇā. <span class="bld">Ekantato</span>ti idaṃ sabbadā uppīḷanena vinibbhujjituṃ asakkuṇeyyānaṃ kalāpantararūpānaṃ sabbhāvā tesaṃ nivattanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Na hi tāni ekantena avinibhuttāni kalāpantaragatattāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para616"></a><span class="paranum">616</span>. <span class="bld">Vaṇṇanibhā</span>ti rūpāyatanameva niddiṭṭhanti tadeva apekkhitvā <span class="bld">‘‘sanidassana’’</span>nti napuṃsakaniddeso kato. <span class="bld">Tasmā</span>ti nippariyāyarūpānaṃ nīlādīnaṃ phusitvā ajānitabbato dīghādīnañca phusitvā jānitabbato <span class="bld">na nippariyāyena dīghaṃ rūpāyatanaṃ. Taṃ taṃ nissāyā</span>ti dīghādisannivesaṃ bhūtasamudāyaṃ nissāya. <span class="bld">Tathā tathā ṭhita</span>nti dīghādisannivesena ṭhitaṃ vaṇṇasamudāyabhūtaṃ <a name="V0.0145"></a> rūpāyatanameva dīghādivohārena bhāsitaṃ. <span class="bld">Aññamaññaparicchinnaṃ</span> ekasmiṃ itarassa abhāvā. Visayagocarānaṃ viseso anaññatthabhāvo tabbahulacāritā ca cakkhuviññāṇassa.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para620"></a><span class="paranum">620</span>. Bherisaddādīnañca vāditasaddattā <span class="bld">‘‘vuttāvasesāna’’</span>nti āha. Amanussavacanena na manussehi aññe pāṇino eva gahitā, atha kho kaṭṭhādayopīti adhippāyena <span class="bld">‘‘seso sabbopī’’</span>ti āha. Evaṃ santepi vatthuvisesakittanavasena pāḷiyaṃ anāgato tathā kittetabbo <span class="bld">ye vā panā</span>ti vuttoti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para624"></a><span class="paranum">624</span>. <span class="bld">Vissagandho</span>ti virūpo maṃsādigandho. <span class="bld">Lambila</span>nti madhurambilaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para632"></a><span class="paranum">632</span>. Sañjānanti etenāti <span class="bld">sañjānanaṃ,</span> upalakkhaṇaṃ. Sakena sakena kammacittādinā paccayena samuṭṭhitānipi itthiliṅgādīni indriyasahite sarīre uppajjamānāni taṃtadākārāni hutvā uppajjantīti <span class="bld">‘‘itthindriyaṃ paṭicca samuṭṭhaha</span>ntī’’ti vuttāni. Itthiliṅgādīsu eva ca adhipatibhāvā etassa indriyatā vuttā, indriyasahite santāne itthiliṅgādiākārarūpapaccayānaṃ aññathā anuppādanato itthiggahaṇassa ca tesaṃ rūpānaṃ paccayabhāvato. Yasmā pana bhāvadasakepi rūpānaṃ itthindriyaṃ na janakaṃ, nāpi anupālakaṃ upatthambhakaṃ vā, na ca aññakalāparūpānaṃ, tasmā taṃ jīvitindriyaṃ viya sakalāparūpānaṃ āhāro <a name="M0.0151"></a> viya vā kalāpantararūpānañca indriyaatthiavigatapaccayoti na vuttaṃ. Esa nayo purisindriyepi. Liṅgādiākāresu rūpesu rūpāyatanassa cakkhuviññeyyattā liṅgādīnaṃ cakkhuviññeyyatā vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para633"></a><span class="paranum">633</span>. <span class="bld">Ubhayampi…pe… kusalena patiṭṭhātī</span>ti sugatiṃ sandhāya vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Duggatiyañhi paṭisandhi akusalenevāti tadā uppajjamāno bhāvopi akusaleneva bhaveyya, paṭisandhiyaṃ viya pavattepīti. Tayidaṃ dvayaṃ yasmā santāne saha na pavattati ‘‘yassa itthindriyaṃ uppajjati, tassa purisindriyaṃ uppajjatīti? No’’tiādivacanato (yama. 3.indriyayamaka.188), tasmā ubhatobyañjanakassapi <span class="bld">ekamevindriyaṃ hotī</span>ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para635"></a><span class="paranum">635</span>. Ekantaṃ kāyaviññattiyaṃ kāyavohārassa pavattidassanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kāyena saṃvaro sādhū’’</span>ti (dha. pa. 361; saṃ. ni. 1.116) sādhakasuttaṃ āhaṭaṃ. Bhāvassa gamanaṃ pakāsanaṃ <a name="V0.0146"></a> <span class="bld">copanaṃ</span>. <span class="bld">Thambhanā</span>ti vāyodhātuadhikānaṃ bhūtānaṃ thambhanākāro viññattīti attho. Uddhaṅgamavātādayo viya hi yo vātādhiko kalāpo, tattha bhūtānaṃ viññattiākāratā hotīti. Teneva <span class="bld">‘‘kāyaṃ thambhetvā thaddhaṃ karotīti thambhanā’’</span>ti vāyodhātukiccavasena viññatti vuttā. Tato eva ca ‘‘vāyodhātuyā ākāro kāyaviññattī’’ti ca vattuṃ vaṭṭati, tathā ‘‘pathavīdhātuyā vacīviññattī’’ti pathavīdhātuadhikabhūtavikārato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para636"></a><span class="paranum">636</span>. <span class="bld">Pabhedagatā vācā evā</span>ti tissa phussāti pabhedagatā. Atha vā vacīsaṅkhārehi vitakkavicārehi pariggahitā savanavisayabhāvaṃ anupanītatāya abhinnā tabbhāvaṃ nīyamānā vācā <span class="bld">‘‘vacībhedo’’</span>ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Iriyāpathampi upatthambhentī</span>ti yathāpavattaṃ iriyāpathaṃ upatthambhenti. Yathā hi abbokiṇṇe bhavaṅge vattamāne aṅgāni osīdanti paviṭṭhāni viya honti, na evaṃ ‘‘dvattiṃsa chabbīsā’’ti vuttesu jāgaraṇacittesu vattamānesu. Tesu pana vattamānesu aṅgāni upatthaddhāni yathāpavattiriyāpathabhāveneva pavattantīti. <span class="bld">Khīṇāsavānaṃ cuticitta</span>nti visesetvā vuttaṃ, ‘‘kāmāvacarānaṃ pacchimacittassa uppādakkhaṇe yassa cittassa anantarā kāmāvacarānaṃ pacchimacittaṃ uppajjissati, rūpāvacare arūpāvacare pacchimabhavikānaṃ, ye ca rūpāvacaraṃ arūpāvacaraṃ upapajjitvā parinibbāyissanti, tesaṃ cavantānaṃ <a name="M0.0152"></a> tesaṃ vacīsaṅkhāro nirujjhissati, no ca tesaṃ kāyasaṅkhāro nirujjhissatī’’ti (yama. 2.saṅkhārayamaka.88) pana vacanato aññesampi cuticittaṃ rūpaṃ na samuṭṭhāpetīti viññāyati. Na hi rūpasamuṭṭhāpakacittassa gabbhagamanādivinibaddhābhāvena kāyasaṅkhārāsamuṭṭhāpanaṃ atthi, na ca yuttaṃ ‘‘cuto ca cittasamuṭṭhānañcassa pavattatī’’ti, nāpi ‘‘cuticittaṃ rūpaṃ samuṭṭhāpetī’’ti pāḷi atthīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para637"></a><span class="paranum">637</span>. <span class="bld">Na kassatī</span>ti na vilekhiyati. <span class="bld">Gata</span>nti viññātaṃ. <span class="bld">Asamphuṭṭhaṃ catūhi mahābhūtehī</span>ti yasmiṃ kalāpe bhūtānaṃ paricchedo, teheva asamphuṭṭhaṃ. Vijjamānepi hi kalāpantarabhūtānaṃ kalāpantarabhūtasamphuṭṭhabhāve taṃtaṃbhūtavivittatā rūpapariyanto ākāsoti yesaṃ yo paricchedo, tehi so asamphuṭṭhova, aññathā paricchinnabhāvo na siyā tesaṃ bhūtānaṃ byāpitabhāvāpattito. Abyāpitā hi asamphuṭṭhatāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para638"></a><span class="paranum">638</span>. Lahutādīnaṃ aññamaññāvijahanena dubbiññeyyanānattatā vuttāti taṃtaṃvikārādhikarūpehi <a name="V0.0147"></a> taṃtaṃnānattappakāsanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘evaṃ santepī’’</span>tiādimāha. Yathāvuttā ca paccayā taṃtaṃvikārassa visesapaccayabhāvato vuttā, avisesena pana sabbe sabbesaṃ paccayāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para641"></a><span class="paranum">641</span>. Ādito cayo <span class="bld">ācayo,</span> paṭhamuppatti. Upari cayo <span class="bld">upacayo</span>. Pabandho <span class="bld">santati</span>. Tattha uddese avuttopi ācayo upacayasaddeneva viññāyatīti <span class="bld">‘‘yo āyatanānaṃ ācayo punappunaṃ nibbattamānānaṃ, sova rūpassa upacayo’’</span>ti āha. Pāḷiyaṃ pana <span class="bld">upa</span>-saddo paṭhamattho upariattho ca hotīti ‘‘ādicayo upacayo, uparicayo santatī’’ti ayamattho viññāyatīti. Aññathā hi ācayasaṅkhātassa paṭhamuppādassa avuttatā āpajjeyya.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Eva</span>nti ‘‘yo āyatanānaṃ ācayo’’tiādiniddesena kiṃ kathitaṃ hoti? Āyatanena ācayo kathito. Ācayūpacayasantatiyo hi nibbattibhāvena ācayo evāti āyatanehi ācayādīnaṃ pakāsitattā tehi ācayo kathito. Āyatanānaṃ ācayādivacaneneva ācayasabhāvāni uppādadhammāni āyatanānīti ācayena taṃpakatikāni <a name="M0.0153"></a> āyatanāni kathitāni. Lakkhaṇañhi uppādo, na rūparūpanti. Tenevādhippāyenāha <span class="bld">‘‘āyatanameva kathita’’</span>nti. Ācayañhi lakkhaṇaṃ kathayantena taṃlakkhaṇāni āyatanāneva kathitāni hontīti. <span class="bld">Evampi kiṃ kathitaṃ hotī</span>ti āyatanācayehi ācayāyatanehi ācayameva āyatanameva kathentena uddese niddese ca ācayoti idameva avatvā upacayasantatiyo uddisitvā tesaṃ vibhajanavasena āyatanena ācayakathanādinā kiṃ kathitaṃ hotīti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Ācayo</span>ti upacayamāha, <span class="bld">upacayo</span>ti ca santatiṃ. Tadevubhayaṃ yathākkamaṃ vivaranto <span class="bld">‘‘nibbatti vaḍḍhi kathitā’’</span>ti āha. Upacayasantatiyo hi atthato ekattā ācayovāti taduddesavibhajanavasena āyatanena ācayakathanādinā nibbattivaḍḍhiākāranānattaṃ ācayassa kathitanti attho. Imamevatthaṃ vibhāvetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘atthato hī’’</span>tiādimāha. Yasmā ca ubhayampi etaṃ jātirūpassevādhivacanaṃ, tasmā jātirūpassa lakkhaṇādivisesesu ācayādīsu pavattiādīsu ca ācayādilakkhaṇādiko upacayo, pavattiādilakkhaṇādikā santatīti veditabbāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para643"></a><span class="paranum">643</span>. <span class="bld">Pakatiniddesā</span>ti phalavipaccanapakatiyā niddesā, jarāya pāpuṇitabbaṃ phalameva vā pakati. <span class="bld">Na ca khaṇḍiccādīneva jarā</span>ti kalalakālato pabhuti purimarūpānaṃ jarāpattakkhaṇe uppajjamānāni pacchimarūpāni paripakkarūpānurūpāni pariṇatapariṇatāni uppajjantīti anukkamena supariṇatarūpaparipākakāle uppajjamānāni khaṇḍiccādisabhāvāni uppajjanti. Tāni <a name="V0.0148"></a> udakādimaggesu tiṇarukkhasaṃbhaggatādayo viya paripākagatamaggasaṅkhātesu paripakkarūpesu uppannāni jarāya gatamaggoicceva vuttāni, na jarāti. Aviññāyamānantarajarā <span class="bld">avīcijarā</span>. Maraṇe <span class="bld">upanayanarasā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para644"></a><span class="paranum">644</span>. <span class="bld">Taṃ patvā</span>ti taṃ attano eva khayavayasaṅkhātaṃ sabhāvaṃ patvā rūpaṃ khīyati veti bhijjati. Pothetvā pātitassa dubbalatā parādhīnatā sayanaparāyaṇatā ca hoti, tathā jarābhibhūtassāti pothakasadisī jarā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para645"></a><span class="paranum">645</span>. <span class="bld">Kattabbato</span>ti kattabbasabhāvato. Visāṇādīnaṃ taracchakheḷatemitānaṃ pāsāṇānaṃ viya thaddhabhāvābhāvato ahivicchikānaṃ viya <a name="M0.0154"></a> savisattābhāvato ca sukhumatā vuttā. <span class="bld">Ojālakkhaṇo</span>ti ettha aṅgamaṅgānusārino rasassa sāro upatthambhabalakāro bhūtanissito eko viseso ojāti.</p>
<p class="centered">Upādābhājanīyakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Noupādābhājanīyakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para646"></a><span class="paranum">646</span>. <span class="bld">Na upādiyatevā</span>ti na nissayati eva, kintu nissayati ca nissīyati cāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para647"></a><span class="paranum">647</span>. <span class="bld">Purimā panā</span>ti pañcavidhasaṅgahe pathavīdhātuāpodhātutejodhātuvāyodhātūnaṃ purimuddesavasena vuttaṃ. Phoṭṭhabbāyatananiddese vā vuttānaṃ pathavīdhātuādīnaṃ purimā uddese vuttā āpodhātūti adhippāyo, vuttassa vā phoṭṭhabbāyatanassa atītatāya pacchimatā, anāgatatāya ca āpodhātuyā purimatā vuttāti daṭṭhabbā. <span class="bld">Āyū</span>ti jīvitindriyaṃ. Kammajatejaṃ <span class="bld">usmā. Yaṃ kiñci dhātuṃ…pe… ekappahārena nuppajjatī</span>ti ekasmiṃ khaṇe anekāsu pathavīsu āpāthagatāsu tāsu tāsu saha nuppajjati, tathā tejavāyūsu cāti attho. Anekesu ārammaṇesu sannipatitesu ābhujitavasena ārammaṇapasādādhimattatāvasena ca paṭhamaṃ katthaci uppatti <a name="V0.0149"></a> dassitā, aññattha ca pana uppatti atthi eva. Sāyaṃ ārammaṇato ārammaṇantarasaṅkanti yena upāyena hoti, tassa vijānanatthaṃ pucchati <span class="bld">‘‘kathaṃ pana cittassa ārammaṇato saṅkanti hotī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para651"></a><span class="paranum">651</span>. Ayapiṇḍiādīsu pathavīdhātu tādisāya āpodhātuyā anābaddhā santī visareyya, tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘tāni āpodhātu ābandhitvā baddhāni karotī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Yathā hi yuttappamāṇaṃ udakaṃ paṃsucuṇṇāni ābandhitvā mattikāpiṇḍaṃ katvā ṭhapeti, evaṃ ayopiṇḍiādīsupi tadanurūpapaccayehi tattheva uppannā āpodhātu tathā ābandhitvā ṭhapetīti daṭṭhabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aphusitvā patiṭṭhā hotī</span>ti āpodhātuyā aphoṭṭhabbabhāvato vuttaṃ, tathā <span class="bld">‘‘aphusitvāva ābandhatī’’</span>ti. Na hi yathā phoṭṭhabbadhātūnaṃ phoṭṭhabbabhāvena <a name="M0.0155"></a> aññamaññanissayatā, evaṃ phoṭṭhabbāphoṭṭhabbadhātūnaṃ hotīti adhippāyo veditabbo. Avinibbhogavuttīsu hi bhūtesu aññamaññanissayatā aññamaññapaccayabhūtesu na sakkā nivāretuṃ, nāpi sahajātesu avinibbhogatāya ekībhūtesu phusanāphusanāni vicāretuṃ yuttānīti. <span class="bld">Na uṇhā hutvā jhāyatī</span>ti tejosabhāvataṃyeva paṭikkhipati, na sītattaṃ anujānāti, tejosabhāvapaṭikkhepeneva ca sītattañca paṭikkhittaṃ hoti. Tejo eva hi sītaṃ himapātasamayādīsu sītassa paripācakatādassanato, sītuṇhānañca aññamaññapaṭipakkhabhāvato uṇhena saha na sītaṃ bhūtantaraṃ pavattatīti yujjati. Uṇhakalāpe pana sītassa appavatti sītakalāpe ca uṇhassa dvinnaṃ aññamaññapaṭipakkhattā tejovisesabhāve yujjatīti. <span class="bld">Bhāvaññathatta</span>nti kharānaṃ guḷādīnaṃ davatā mudutā rasādīnañca davānaṃ kharatā paccayavisesehi omattādhimattapathavīdhātuādikānaṃ uppatti. <span class="bld">Lakkhaṇaññathattaṃ</span> kakkhaḷādilakkhaṇavijahanaṃ, taṃ etesaṃ na hoti, omattādhimattatāsaṅkhātaṃ bhāvaññathattaṃyeva hotīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para652"></a><span class="paranum">652</span>. <span class="bld">Anupādinnādīnaṃyevā</span>ti ekantaanupādinnaekantanacittasamuṭṭhānādīnaṃ niddesesu gahaṇesu gahitāti attho. <span class="bld">Yaṃ vā panaññampī</span>ti pana vacanena purimānampi nakammassakatattābhāvādikaṃ dīpeti. Tā hi anupādinnādinakammassakatattādivacanānaṃ samānatthattā ekena avattabbatte itarenapi avattabbā siyuṃ, vattabbatte vā vattabbā. Tasmā ekantākammajādīsveva gahetabbattā tā anekantesu na gahitāti daṭṭhabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para666"></a><span class="paranum">666</span>. <span class="bld">Ekanta</span> <a name="V0.0150"></a> <span class="bld">…pe… paññāyati</span> tesaṃ vikārattā, anipphannattā pana tassa uppādo na kenaci sakkā vattunti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="centered">Dukaniddesavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="subhead">Catukkaniddesavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para966"></a><span class="paranum">966</span>. <span class="bld">Pacchimapadassā</span>ti viññātapadassa. Sabbameva hi rūpaṃ viññātanti tassa abhinditabbattā viññātato aññaṃ diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutañca na hotīti pucchaṃ akatvāva vissajjitaṃ. Na hi sakkā viññātato aññaṃ ‘‘katamaṃ rūpaṃ diṭṭha’’nti <a name="M0.0156"></a> pucchitunti adhippāyo. Yathā hi dvīsu uddiṭṭhesu nopādato aññattaṃ sandhāya ‘‘katamaṃ taṃ rūpaṃ upādā’’ti pucchitaṃ, evaṃ diṭṭhādīsu catūsu uddiṭṭhesu sutādīhi tīhipi aññattaṃ sandhāya ‘‘katamaṃ taṃ rūpaṃ diṭṭha’’nti pucchitabbaṃ siyā, tadabhāvo na pucchitaṃ, evaṃ sutādīsupīti. Dassanādiggahaṇavisesato pana diṭṭhādīhi aññassa viññātassa sabbhāvato ca catukko vutto.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pañcakaniddesavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para969"></a><span class="paranum">969</span>. <span class="bld">Tejobhāvaṃ gata</span>nti sabhāveneva tejobhāvaṃ pattanti attho. Vuttassapi aññena pakārena saṅgahārahassa saṅgaṇhanaṃ nayakaraṇaṃ idha daṭṭhabbaṃ, tayidaṃ ‘‘viññāta’’nti catukkapadepi yojetabbaṃ. Phoṭṭhabbassa bhedasabbhāvo aṭṭhake nayo.</p>
<p class="subhead">Pakiṇṇakakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para975"></a><span class="paranum">975</span>. <span class="bld">Natthi nīvaraṇā</span>ti vacanena middhassapi nīvaraṇassa pahānaṃ vuttaṃ, na ca rūpaṃ pahātabbaṃ, na ca rūpakāyagelaññaṃ munino natthīti sakkā vattuṃ ‘‘piṭṭhi me āgilāyati, tamahaṃ āyamissāmī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.22) vacanato. <span class="bld">Saviññāṇakasaddo</span>ti viññāṇena pavattito vacīghosādisaddo. <span class="bld">Na hi etāni jāyantī</span>ti paripaccamānassa rūpassa paripaccanaṃ jarā<a name="V0.0151"></a>, khīyamānassa khayo aniccatāti rūpabhāvamattāni etāni, na sayaṃ sabhāvavantānīti sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tathā jāyamānassa jananaṃ jāti, sā ca rūpabhāvova, na sayaṃ sabhāvavatīti <span class="bld">‘‘na pana paramatthato jāti jāyatī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tesaṃ paccayo etissāti tappaccayā, tappaccayāya bhāvo tappaccayabhāvo, tappaccayabhāvena pavatto vohāro <span class="bld">tappaccayabhāvavohāro,</span> taṃ labhati. <span class="bld">Abhinibbattitadhammakkhaṇasmi</span>nti abhinibbattiyamānadhammakkhaṇasminti adhippāyo. Na hi tadā te dhammā na jāyantīti jāyamānabhāvova jātīti yuttā tassā kammādisamuṭṭhānatā taṃnibbattatā ca, na pana tadā te dhammā jīyanti khīyanti ca, tasmā na tesaṃ te jīraṇabhijjanabhāvā cittādisamuṭṭhānā taṃnibbattā cāti vacanaṃ arahanti. Evamapi upādinna-saddo upetena kammunā ādinnataṃ vadati, na nibbattinti upādinnapākabhedānaṃ upādinnatā tesaṃ vattabbāti ce? Na, ādinna-saddassa nibbattivācakattā. Upetena <a name="M0.0157"></a> nibbattañhi upādinnanti paccayānubhāvakkhaṇañca nibbattiñca gahetvāva pavatto ayaṃ vohāro tadā abhāvā jarāmaraṇe na pavattatīti. Paṭiccasamuppannānaṃ dhammānaṃ jarāmaraṇattā tesaṃ uppāde sati jarāmaraṇaṃ hoti, asati na hoti. Na hi ajātaṃ paripaccati bhijjati vā, tasmā jātipaccayataṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘jarāmaraṇaṃ paṭiccasamuppanna’’</span>nti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Nissayapaṭibaddhavuttito</span>ti jāyamānaparipaccamānabhijjamānānaṃ jāyamānādibhāvamattattā jāyamānādinissayapaṭibaddhavuttikā jātiādayoti vuttaṃ hoti. Yadi evaṃ upādāyarūpānañca cakkhāyatanādīnaṃ uppādādisabhāvabhūtā jātiādayo taṃnissitā hontīti bhūtanissitānaṃ tesaṃ lakkhaṇānaṃ upādāyabhāvo viya upādāyarūpanissitānaṃ upādāyupādāyabhāvo āpajjatīti ce? Na, bhūtapaṭibaddhaupādāyarūpalakkhaṇānañca bhūtapaṭibaddhabhāvassa avinivattanato. Apica ekakalāpapariyāpannānaṃ rūpānaṃ saheva uppādādippavattito ekassa kalāpassa uppādādayo ekekāva hontīti yathā ekekassa kalāpassa jīvitindriyaṃ kalāpānupālakaṃ ‘‘upādāyarūpa’’nti vuccati, evaṃ kalāpuppādādisabhāvā jātiādayo ‘‘upādāyarūpāni’’cceva vuccanti. Evaṃ vikāraparicchedarūpāni ca yojetabbāni.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kammasamuṭṭhānasambandhaṃ utusamuṭṭhānaṃ kammavisesena suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇasusaṇṭhitadussaṇṭhitādivisesaṃ <a name="V0.0152"></a> hotīti <span class="bld">‘‘kammapaccaya’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Kammavipākānubhavanassa kāraṇabhūtaṃ bāhirautusamuṭṭhānaṃ <span class="bld">kammapaccayautusamuṭṭhānaṃ</span>. Kammasahāyo paccayo, kammassa vā sahāyabhūto paccayo kammapaccayo, sova utu kammapaccayautu, so samuṭṭhānaṃ etassāti <span class="bld">kammapaccayautusamuṭṭhāna</span>nti vacanattho. Sīte uṇhe vā kismiñci utumhi samāgate tato suddhaṭṭhakaṃ uppajjati, tassa so utu samuṭṭhānaṃ. Dutiyassa suddhaṭṭhakassa utusamuṭṭhānikapaṭibandhakassa so eva purimo utu paccayo. Tatiyaṃ pana suddhaṭṭhakaṃ purimautusahāyena utunā nibbattattā pubbe vuttanayeneva <span class="bld">‘‘utupaccayautusamuṭṭhāna’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. Evamayaṃ purimo utu tisso santatiyo ghaṭṭeti, tato paraṃ aññautusamāgame aññasantatittayaṃ, tato ca aññena aññanti evaṃ pavatti daṭṭhabbā. Tadetaṃ sītuṇhānaṃ appabahubhāve taṃsamphassassa acirappavattiyā cirappavattiyā <a name="M0.0158"></a> ca veditabbaṃ, anupādinnena dīpanā na santatittayavasena, atha kho meghasamuṭṭhāpakamūlautuvasena pakārantarena daṭṭhabbā, taṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘utusamuṭṭhāno nāma valāhako’’</span>tiādimāha. Rūparūpānaṃ vikārādimattabhāvato aparinipphannatā vuttā. Tesañhi rūpavikārādibhāvato rūpatāti adhippāyo. Rūpavikārādibhāvato eva pana rūpe sati santi, asati na santīti asaṅkhatabhāvanivāraṇatthaṃ parinipphannatā vuttāti.</p>
<p class="centered">Rūpakaṇḍavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="chapter">3. Nikkhepakaṇḍaṃ</p>
<p class="title">Tikanikkhepakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para985"></a><span class="paranum">985</span>. <span class="bld">Sabbesa</span>nti <a name="M0.0159"></a><a name="V0.0153"></a> cittuppādavasena rūpāsaṅkhatavasena ca bhinnānaṃ sabbesaṃ phassādicakkhādipadabhājananayena vitthārito. Tattha pana asaṅkhatassa bhedābhāvato asaṅkhatā dhātūtveva padabhājanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Yevāpanakānaṃ pana sukhumupādāyarūpassa ca indriyavikāraparicchedalakkhaṇarūpupatthambhakabhāvarahitassa hadayavatthussa paduddhārena idha niddesānarahattā niddeso na katoti daṭṭhabbo. Na hi tathāgatassa dhammesu ācariyamuṭṭhi atthīti. <span class="bld">Nikkhipitvā</span>ti vitthāradesanaṃ ṭhapetvā, apanetvāti attho, vitthāradesanaṃ antogadhaṃ katvāti vā. Gāthāttho nidāne vutto eva.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Mūlavasena paccayabhāvo <span class="bld">hetupaccayattho</span>. Pabhavati etasmāti <span class="bld">pabhavo,</span> so eva <span class="bld">‘‘janako’’</span>ti visesito. Samuṭṭhāti etenāti <span class="bld">samuṭṭhānaṃ,</span> tassa visesanaṃ <span class="bld">nibbattaka</span>nti. Sabbāni vā etāni pariyāyavacanāni. <span class="bld">Atthavasenā</span>ti kasmā vuttaṃ, nanu kusalamūlānaṃ hetubhāvato dhammavasenāti yuttanti? Saccametaṃ, alobhādīnaṃ pana tiṇṇaṃ samānassa mūlaṭṭhassa vasena dassitataṃ sandhāya ‘‘atthavasenā’’ti vuttaṃ. Iminā <span class="bld">dhammo</span>ti bhāvo, <span class="bld">attho</span>ti dhammakiccaṃ adhippetanti viññāyati. ‘‘Alobho nidānaṃ kammānaṃ samudayāyā’’tiādivacanato (a. ni. 3.34) tāni kusalamūlāni samuṭṭhānaṃ etassātipi <span class="bld">taṃsamuṭṭhānaṃ</span>. Taṃ pana tehi samuṭṭhitaṃ hotīti <span class="bld">‘‘alobhādīhi samuṭṭhita’’</span>nti āha. Te kusalamūlataṃsampayuttā samuṭṭhānaṃ etassātipi attho sambhavati. Ettha pana cetanaṃ ṭhapetvā aññe ‘‘taṃsampayuttā’’ti samuṭṭhānabhāve vattabbā. Tattha mūlehi attano paccayato kusale pariyādiyati, khandhehi sabhāvato<a name="V0.0154"></a>, kammehi aññassa nibbattanakiccato. Mūlehi ca kusalānaṃ anavajjatāya hetuṃ dasseti, khandhehi taṃsampayogakataṃ anavajjasabhāvaṃ, kammehi sukhavipākataṃ. Mūlehi vā nidānasampattiyā ādikalyāṇataṃ, khandhehi sabhāvasampattiyā majjhekalyāṇataṃ, kammehi nibbattisampattiyā pariyosānakalyāṇataṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para986"></a><span class="paranum">986</span>. <span class="bld">Taṃ</span> <a name="M0.0160"></a><span class="bld">…pe… uddhaṃ akusalaṃ nāma natthī</span>ti kasmā vuttaṃ, nanu vicikicchuddhaccasahagatamoho atthīti? Saccametaṃ, tena pana vinā taṃsampayuttatā natthīti taṃsampayuttesu gahitesu moho gahito evāti katvā ‘‘tato uddhaṃ natthī’’ti vuttaṃ aññattha abhāvā. Ekasmiṃ ṭhitaṃ ekaṭṭhaṃ, sahajabhāvena ekaṭṭhaṃ <span class="bld">sahajekaṭṭhaṃ</span>. Pahātabbanti pahānaṃ, pahānabhāvena ekaṭṭhaṃ <span class="bld">pahānekaṭṭhaṃ</span>. Yena hi yaṃ saha pahātabbaṃ, tena taṃ ekasmiṃ puggale ṭhitaṃ hoti, ekasmiṃ samucchinne asamucchinne ca itarassa samucchinnatāya asamucchinnatāya ca vasena aññamaññāvirahitato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para987"></a><span class="paranum">987</span>. <span class="bld">Tīṇi lakkhaṇānī</span>ti aniccadukkhaanattatā. Nāmakasiṇasattapaññattiyo <span class="bld">tisso paññattiyo</span>. Paramatthe amuñcitvā vohariyamānā vihāramañcādikā upādāpaññatti sattapaññattiggahaṇena gahitāti veditabbā, etāni ca lakkhaṇādīni heṭṭhā dvīsu kaṇḍesu viññattiādīni viya na vuttāni, na ca sabhāvadhammāti katvā na labbhantīti vuttāni. Na hi koci sabhāvo kusalattikāsaṅgahitoti vattuṃ yuttanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para988"></a><span class="paranum">988</span>. <span class="bld">Sukhabhūmī</span>ti kāmāvacarādayopi yujjanti. Sukhasahagatā hi kāmāvacarādibhūmi sukhabhūmi. <span class="bld">Kāmāvacarādibhūmī</span>ti ca kāmāvacarāditāya dhammā eva vuccantīti kāmāvacarādicittuppādesūti atthato viññāyati. Evañca katvā ‘‘sukhabhūmiya’’nti vatvā tassā eva vibhāgadassanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘kāmāvacare’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Bhūmi</span>-saddo ca abhidhamme kāmāvacarādīsu niruḷhoti ‘‘catūsu bhūmīsu kusala’’ntiādīsu (dha. sa. 1384) aññabhūmiggahaṇaṃ na hotīti. <span class="bld">Pāḷito cā</span>ti ‘‘visiṭṭhānaṃ pākāti vipākā’’tiādivacanatthavibhāvanena pāḷito. ‘‘Vipakkabhāvamāpannānaṃ arūpadhammānametaṃ adhivacana’’ntiādinā bhāsitatthavibhāvanena <span class="bld">atthato ca</span>. Nāmaparicchedādīhi tikadukānaṃ vavatthānadassanena vā <span class="bld">pāḷito,</span> tadatthaviññāpanena <span class="bld">atthato</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para991"></a><span class="paranum">991</span>. <span class="bld">Sāliphala</span>nti <a name="V0.0155"></a> sālipākamāha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para994"></a><span class="paranum">994</span>. <span class="bld">Amhākaṃ mātulatthero</span>ti puggalārammaṇassapi upādānassa upādānakkhandhā eva paccayo, na lokuttarā, ko pana vādo khandhārammaṇassa. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘aggahitānī’’</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para998"></a><span class="paranum">998</span>. Yathā <a name="M0.0161"></a> upādānehi aggahetabbā anupādāniyā, evaṃ saṃkilesehi aggahetabbā asaṃkilesikāti katvā <span class="bld">‘‘asaṃ…pe… eseva nayo’’</span>ti āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1006"></a><span class="paranum">1006</span>. Diṭṭhiyā gahito attā na vijjati. Yesu pana vipallatthagāho, te upādānakkhandhāva vijjanti. Tasmā yasmiṃ avijjamānaniccādivipariyāsākāragahaṇaṃ atthi, sova upādānakkhandhapañcakasaṅkhāto kāyo. Tattha niccādiākārassa avijjamānatādassanatthaṃ ruppanādisabhāvasseva ca vijjamānatādassanatthaṃ vijjamāno kāyoti visesetvā vutto, lokuttarā pana na kadāci avijjamānākārena gayhantīti na idaṃ visesanaṃ arahanti. Sakkāye diṭṭhi, satī vā kāye diṭṭhi <span class="bld">sakkāyadiṭṭhi</span>. Attanā gahitākārassa avijjamānatāya sayameva satī, na tāya gahito attā attaniyaṃ vāti attho. Ayaṃ panattho sambhavatīti katvā vutto, purimo eva pana padhāno. Dutiye hi diṭṭhiyā vatthu avisesitaṃ hoti. Kāyoti hi khandhapañcake vuccamāne lokuttarāpanayanaṃ natthi. Na hi lokuttaresu kāya-saddo na vattati. Kāyapassaddhiādīsu hi lokuttaresu kāya-saddopi lokuttarakkhandhavācakoti. <span class="bld">Sīlenā</span>ti suddhiyā ahetubhūtena sīlena. <span class="bld">Gahitasamādāna</span>nti uppāditaparāmāsova. So hi samādiyanti etena kukkurasīlavatādīnīti ‘‘samādāna’’nti vutto. Tattha avītikkamanīyatāya <span class="bld">sīlaṃ,</span> bhattivasena satataṃ caritabbatāya <span class="bld">vataṃ</span> daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1007"></a><span class="paranum">1007</span>. <span class="bld">Idheva tiṭṭhamānassā</span>ti imissāyeva indasālaguhāyaṃ tiṭṭhamānassa. Vācuggatakaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">uggaho</span>. Atthaparipucchanaṃ <span class="bld">paripucchā</span>. Kusalehi saha codanāpariharaṇavasena vinicchayakaraṇaṃ <span class="bld">vinicchayo</span>. Bahūnaṃ nānappakārānaṃ sakkāyadiṭṭhīnaṃ avihatattā tā janenti, tāhi janitāti vā <span class="bld">puthujjanā</span>. Avighātameva vā jana-saddo vadati. <span class="bld">Puthu satthārānaṃ mukhullokikā</span>ti ettha puthū janā etesanti <span class="bld">puthujjanā</span>ti vacanattho. <span class="bld">Puthu…pe… avuṭṭhitā</span>ti ettha janetabbā, jāyanti vā etthāti janā, gatiyo. Puthū janā etesanti <span class="bld">puthujjanā</span>. Ito pare <a name="V0.0156"></a> jāyanti etehīti janā, abhisaṅkhārādayo. Te etesaṃ puthū vijjantīti <span class="bld">puthujjanā</span>. Abhisaṅkharaṇādiattho eva vā jana-saddo daṭṭhabbo. Rāgaggiādayo <span class="bld">santāpā</span>. Te eva sabbepi vā kilesā <span class="bld">pariḷāhā. Puthu pañcasu</span> <a name="M0.0162"></a> <span class="bld">kāmaguṇesū</span>ti ettha jāyatīti jano, ‘‘rāgo gedho’’ti evamādiko. Puthu jano etesanti <span class="bld">puthujjanā</span>. Puthūsu vā janā jātā rattāti evaṃ rāgādiattho eva jana-saddo daṭṭhabbo. <span class="bld">Palibuddhā</span>ti sambaddhā upaddutā vā. <span class="bld">Assutavā</span>ti etena andhatā vuttāti <span class="bld">‘‘andhaputhujjano vutto’’</span>ti āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Anaye</span>ti avaḍḍhiyaṃ. Sabbattha niruttilakkhaṇena padasiddhi veditabbā. Anekesu ca kappasatasahassesu kataṃ jānanti, pākaṭañca karonti upakāraṃ satijananaāmisapaṭiggahaṇādinā paccekasambuddhā, tatheva dukkhitassa sakkaccaṃ kātabbaṃ karonti. Sammāsambuddho pana asaṅkhyeyyaappameyyesupi kataṃ upakāraṃ maggaphalānaṃ upanissayañca jānāti, pākaṭañca karoti, sīho viya ca javaṃ sabbattha sakkaccameva dhammadesanaṃ karoti. <span class="bld">Ariyabhāvo</span>ti yehi yogato ariyā vuccanti, te maggaphaladhammā daṭṭhabbā. <span class="bld">Ariyakaradhammā</span> aniccadassanādayo, vipassiyamānā vā aniccādayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sotānī</span>ti taṇhādiṭṭhikilesaduccaritaavijjāsotāni. <span class="bld">‘‘Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūmī’’</span>ti vatvā <span class="bld">‘‘paññāyete pidhīyare’’</span>ti vacanena sotānaṃ saṃvaro pidahanaṃ samucchedañāṇanti viññāyati. <span class="bld">Khantī</span>ti adhivāsanā, sā ca tathāpavattā khandhā. Paññāti eke, adoso eva vā. <span class="bld">Kāyaduccaritādīna</span>nti dussīlyasaṅkhātānaṃ kāyavacīduccaritānaṃ muṭṭhassaccasaṅkhātassa pamādassa abhijjhādomanassānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akkhantiaññāṇakosajjānañca. <span class="bld">Anupekkhā</span> saṅkhārehi avivaṭṭanaṃ, sālayatāti attho. Dhammaṭṭhitiyaṃ paṭiccasamuppāde paṭilomabhāvo sassatucchedagāho, tappaṭicchādakamoho vā. <span class="bld">Nibbāne paṭilomabhāvo</span> saṅkhāresu rati, nibbānapaṭicchādako moho vā. <span class="bld">Saṅkhāranimittaggāho</span>ti yādisassa kilesassa appahīnattā vipassanā saṅkhāranimittaṃ na muñcati, so kileso daṭṭhabbo. Saṅkhāranimittaggahaṇassa atikkamanaṃ vā <span class="bld">pahānaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Catunnaṃ ariyamaggānaṃ bhāvitattā accantaṃ appavattibhāvena yaṃ pahānanti yojanā veditabbā. Kena pana pahānanti? Ariyamaggehevāti viññāyamāno ayamattho tesaṃ bhāvitattā appavattivacanena. <span class="bld">Samudayapakkhikassā</span>ti ettha cattāropi maggā catusaccābhisamayāti katvā tehi <a name="V0.0157"></a> pahātabbena <a name="M0.0163"></a> tena tena samudayena saha pahātabbattā samudayasabhāgattā ca saccavibhaṅge ca sabbakilesānaṃ samudayabhāvassa vuttattā ‘‘samudayapakkhikā’’ti diṭṭhiādayo vuccanti. Kāyavācācittānaṃ virūpappavattiyā nayanaṃ apayāpanaṃ, kāyaduccaritādīnaṃ vināsanayanaṃ vā vinayo, tesaṃ vā jimhappavattiṃ vicchinditvā ujukanayanaṃ <span class="bld">vinayanaṃ</span>. <span class="bld">Esese</span>ti eso so eva, atthato anaññoti attho. <span class="bld">Tajjāte</span>ti atthato taṃsabhāvova. Sappuriso ariyasabhāvo, ariyo ca sappurisabhāvoti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Advaya</span>nti dvayatārahitaṃ, vaṇṇameva ‘‘accī’’ti gahetvā acciṃ vā ‘‘vaṇṇo evā’’ti tesaṃ ekattaṃ passanto viya yathātakkitaṃ attānaṃ ‘‘rūpa’’nti, yathādiṭṭhaṃ vā rūpaṃ ‘‘attā’’ti gahetvā tesaṃ ekattaṃ passanto daṭṭhabbo. Ettha ca ‘‘rūpaṃ attā’’ti imissā pavattiyā abhāvepi rūpe attaggahaṇaṃ pavattamānaṃ acciyaṃ vaṇṇaggahaṇaṃ viya. Upamāyo ca anaññattādiggahaṇanidassanavaseneva vuttā, na vaṇṇādīnaṃ viya attano vijjamānattassa, attano viya vā vaṇṇādīnaṃ avijjamānattassa dassanatthaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1008"></a><span class="paranum">1008</span>. <span class="bld">Sarīranipphattiyā</span>ti sarīrapāripūriyā. Nicchetuṃ asakkonto vicinanto kicchatīti <span class="bld">vicikicchā. Idappaccayānaṃ bhāvo</span>ti jātiādisabhāvameva āha, jātiādīnaṃ vā jarāmaraṇādiuppādanasamatthataṃ. Sā pana jātiādivinimuttā natthīti tesaṃyevādhivacanaṃ hoti ‘‘idappaccayatā’’ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1009"></a><span class="paranum">1009</span>. Idha anāgatakilesā ‘‘tadekaṭṭhā kilesā’’ti vuccantīti te dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘imissā ca pāḷiyā’’</span>tiādi āraddhaṃ. <span class="bld">Sahajekaṭṭhavasenā</span>ti tattha uppannadiṭṭhiyā sahajekaṭṭhavasenāti atthato viññāyati. <span class="bld">Taṃsampayutto</span>ti tehi saṃyojanakilesehi sampayuttotipi attho yujjati. Tathā te saṃyojanakilesā samuṭṭhānaṃ etassāti <span class="bld">taṃsamuṭṭhāna</span>nti vā. Saṃyojanarahitehi ca pana kilesehi sampayuttānaṃ samuṭṭhitānañca sabbhāvato kileseheva yojanā katā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1011"></a><span class="paranum">1011</span>. <span class="bld">Saṃyojanādīnaṃ viyā</span>ti saṃyojanatadekaṭṭhakilesādīnaṃ yathāvuttānaṃ viya. <span class="bld">Tehī</span>ti dassanabhāvanāmaggehi. <span class="bld">Abhisaṅkhāraviññāṇaṃ</span> kusalākusalaṃ, <a name="M0.0164"></a> nāmarūpañca vipākanti katvā <span class="bld">‘‘kusalādīnampi pahānaṃ anuññāta’’</span>nti āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1013"></a><span class="paranum">1013</span>. <span class="bld">Hetū</span> <a name="V0.0158"></a> <span class="bld">cevā</span>ti ‘‘pahātabbahetukā’’ti etasmiṃ samāsapade ekadesena samāsapadatthaṃ vadati. Ettha ca purimanayena ‘‘ime dhammā dassanenapahātabbahetukā’’ti imeyeva dassanenapahātabbahetukā, na ito aññeti ayaṃ niyamo paññāyati, na ime dassanenapahātabbahetukāyevāti. Tasmā imesaṃ dassanenapahātabbahetukabhāvo aniyato vicikicchāsahagatamohassa ahetukattāti purimanayo vivaraṇīyatthavā hoti. Tasmā purimanayena dhammato dassanenapahātabbahetuke nikkhipitvā atthato nikkhipituṃ dutiyanayo vutto.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1029"></a><span class="paranum">1029</span>. <span class="bld">Mahaggatā vā</span> iddhividhādayo. <span class="bld">Appamāṇārammaṇā mahaggatā</span> cetopariyapubbenivāsānāgataṃsañāṇasampayuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1035"></a><span class="paranum">1035</span>. Anantare niyuttāni, anantaraphalappayojanāni, anantaraphalakaraṇasīlāni vā <span class="bld">ānantarikāni</span>. Tāni pana paṭipakkhena anivāraṇīyaphalattā antarāyarahitānīti <span class="bld">‘‘anantarāyena phaladāyakānī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Anantarāyāni vā <span class="bld">ānantarikānī</span>ti niruttivasena padasiddhi veditabbā. <span class="bld">Ekasmimpī</span>ti pi-saddena anekasmimpi āyūhite vattabbamevanatthīti dasseti. Na ca tesaṃ aññamaññapaṭibāhakattaṃ atthi appaṭipakkhattā, appaṭipakkhatā ca samānaphalattā anubalappadānato ca. ‘‘Natthi hetu natthi paccayo sattānaṃ saṃkilesāyā’’ti (dī. ni. 1.168) evamādiko <span class="bld">ahetukavādo</span>. ‘‘Karoto kho kārayato chindato chedāpayato…pe… karoto na karīyati pāpa’’nti (dī. ni. 1.166) evamādiko <span class="bld">akiriyavādo</span>. ‘‘Natthi dinna’’nti (dī. ni. 1.171; ma. ni. 2.94; 3.91) evamādiko <span class="bld">natthikavādo</span>. Etesu purimavādo bandhamokkhānaṃ hetuṃ paṭisedheti, dutiyo kammaṃ, tatiyo vipākanti ayametesaṃ viseso. <span class="bld">Tañhī</span>ti ahetukādiniyatamicchādiṭṭhiṃ, na pana niyatabhāvaṃ appattaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1039"></a><span class="paranum">1039</span>. <span class="bld">Paccayaṭṭhenā</span>ti maggapaccayasaṅkhātena sampayogavisiṭṭhena paccayabhāvenāti veditabbaṃ. Ettha ca maggaṅgānaṃ ṭhapanaṃ maggapaccayabhāvarahite maggahetuke <a name="M0.0165"></a> dassetuṃ, tena maggahetuke asaṅkarato vavatthapeti. Sace pana koci vadeyya ‘‘ekekaṃ aṅgaṃ ṭhapetvā taṃtaṃsampayuttānaṃ maggahetukabhāvepi ‘maggaṅgāni ṭhapetvā’ti idaṃ vacanaṃ yujjatī’’ti. Evañhi sati tatiyanaye viya idhāpi ‘‘ṭhapetvā’’ti na vattabbaṃ siyā, vuttañcetaṃ, tasmā vuttanayenevattho veditabbo. Maggaṅgāmaggaṅgānañhi <a name="V0.0159"></a> sampayuttānaṃ visesadassanattho ayaṃ nayoti. <span class="bld">Sesamaggaṅgānaṃ</span> pubbe ṭhapitānanti adhippāyo. Phassādīnañhi purimanayepi maggahetukatā siddhāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sammādiṭṭhiyā dutiyanayepi ṭhapitāya tatiyanaye sahetukabhāvo dassito. Kathaṃ dassito, nanu ariyamaggasamaṅgissa ‘‘alobho adoso ime dhammā maggahetū’’ti (dha. sa. 1039) avatvā ‘‘alobho adoso amoho ime dhammā maggahetū’’ti visuṃ sammādiṭṭhiādike maggahetū dassetvā ‘‘taṃsampayutto…pe… viññāṇakkhandho’’ti (dha. sa. 1039) visuṃ maggahetukānaṃ dassitattā ‘‘maggahetūsu amoho’’ti (dha. sa. 1039) vuttāya sammādiṭṭhiyā maggahetukatā na dassitā siyā? No na dassitā. Yathā hi tīṇi saṃyojanāni dassetvā ‘‘tadekaṭṭho lobho doso moho, ime dhammā dassanena pahātabbahetū’’ti (dha. sa. 1017) visuṃ pahātabbahetū niyametvā ‘‘tadekaṭṭhā ca kilesā’’tiādivacanena (dha. sa. 1017) lobhadosamohā ca aññamaññasahajekaṭṭhā aññamaññasampayuttā saṅkhārakkhandhabhūtā ca dassanenapahātabbahetukāti dassitā honti, evamidhāpi ‘‘alobhādayo ime dhammā maggahetū’’ti nigamitāpi aññamaññasampayuttasaṅkhārakkhandhabhāvato taṃsampayuttasaṅkhārakkhandhavacanena ‘‘maggahetukā’’ti dassitā evāti siddhaṃ hoti, sammādiṭṭhiyāpi amohoti vuttāya maggahetukabhāvadassanaṃ. Sace pana yo dutiyanaye maggo ceva hetu cāti vutto, tato aññasseva aññena asādhāraṇena pariyāyena maggahetubhāvaṃ dassetvā taṃsampayogato sammādiṭṭhiyā maggahetukabhāvadassanattho tatiyanayo siyā. ‘‘Ariyamaggasamaṅgissa alobho adoso ime dhammā maggahetū’’tiādi vattabbaṃ siyā. Yasmā pana ‘‘maggahetū’’ti iminā aññena sādhāraṇena pariyāyena yesaṃ maggahetubhāvo sambhavati, te sabbe ‘‘maggahetū’’ti dassetvā taṃsampayuttānaṃ <a name="M0.0166"></a> tesaṃ aññesañca maggahetukabhāvadassanattho tatiyanayo, tasmā tattha ‘‘amoho’’tipi vuttaṃ. Na hi so maggahetu na hotīti. Ime pana tayopi nayā atthavisesavasena nikkhittattā atthato nikkhepā daṭṭhabbā. Atha vā sarūpena vacanaṃ dhammato nikkhepo, atthena atthatoti evampi yojanā sambhavati. Tattha dutiyatatiyanayā sarūpato hetuhetumantudassanavasena dhammato nikkhepo. Paṭhamanayo tathāadassanato atthena ca maggaṅgataṃsampayuttānaṃ hetuhetumantubhāvāvagamanato atthato nikkhepoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1040"></a><span class="paranum">1040</span>. Yasmiṃ sabhāvadhamme ninnapoṇapabbhārabhāvena cittaṃ pavattati, so tassa ārammaṇādhipati <a name="V0.0160"></a> veditabbo. Cetopariyañāṇena jānitvā paccavekkhamāno tena paccavekkhamānoti vutto. <span class="bld">Etthāpī</span>ti etasmimpi aṭṭhakathāvacane, <span class="bld">ettha</span> vā paṭṭhāne maggādīni ṭhapetvā aññesaṃ adhipatipaccayabhāvassa avacaneneva paṭikkhepapāḷiyaṃ. <span class="bld">Ayamevattho</span>ti attano maggaphalaṃ ṭhapetvāti attho. <span class="bld">Vīmaṃsādhipateyya</span>nti padhānena adhipatinā sahajātādhipati nidassito, tayidaṃ nayadassanamattameva hotīti aññopi evaṃpakāro sahajāto maggādhipati nidassito hoti, tasmā vīriyādhipateyyanti ca yojetabbaṃ. Idampi hi atthato vuttamevāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1041"></a><span class="paranum">1041</span>. Attano sabhāvo <span class="bld">attabhāvo</span>. Laddhokāsassa kammassa vipāko kappasahassātikkame uppajjati anekakappasahassāyukānaṃ sattānaṃ, kappasahassātikkamepi vā laddhokāsaṃ yaṃ bhavissati, tadapi laddhokāsamevāti attano vipākaṃ sandhāya vuccati. <span class="bld">Natthi nāma na hotī</span>ti anuppanno nāma na hotīti adhippāyo. Uppādīsu antogadhattā ‘‘uppādino dhammā’’ti etena vacanena vuccatīti katvā āha <span class="bld">‘‘uppādino dhammā nāma jāto’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Arūpasaṅkhāto attā</span>ti arūpabhavaṅgaṃ āha. Tattha ākāsānañcāyatanasaññādimayo attāti hi atthato vohāro pavattoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yadi pana āyū…pe… sabbaṃ vipākaṃ dadeyya,</span> aladdhokāsañca vipākaṃ detīti katvā vipakkavipākañca dadeyya, tato ekasseva kammassa sabbavipākena bhavitabbanti aññassa kammassa okāso na bhaveyya niratthakattā<a name="M0.0167"></a>, uppattiyāyeva okāso na bhaveyya, uppannassa vā phaladāne. Atha vā aladdhokāsassa vipākadāne paccayantararahitassapi vipākadānaṃ āpannanti avijjātaṇhādipaccayantarakhepakassa aññassa apacayagāmikammassa kammakkhayakarassa okāso na bhaveyya. Bhāvitepi magge avijjādipaccayantararahitassa ca kammassa vipaccanato samatthatā na siyāti attho. Sabbadā vā vipākappavattiyā eva bhavitabbattā vipākato aññassa pavattiokāso na bhaveyya. <span class="bld">Taṃ panā</span>ti āyūhitaṃ kammaṃ. Idaṃ pana dhuvavipākassa vipākena adhuvavipākassapi laddhokāsassa vipākaṃ uppādīti dassetuṃ āraddhanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Aṭṭha samāpattiyo ca balavavirahe aggamaggabhāvanāvirahe ca appahīnasabhāvato dhuvaṃ vipaccantīti <span class="bld">dhuvavipākā</span>ti vuttā. Āyūhitakamme vuccamāne anuppannaṃ kasmā vuttanti? Yaṃ āyūhitaṃ bhavissati, tatthāpi āyūhita-saddappavattisabbhāvā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1050"></a><span class="paranum">1050</span>. <span class="bld">Upādinnā</span>ti <a name="V0.0161"></a> ettha na upetena ādinnāti ayamattho, upasaddo pana upasaggamattameva, tasmā upādānārammaṇā upādānehi, aññe ca anabhinivesena ‘‘ahaṃ maggaṃ bhāvayiṃ, mama maggo uppanno’’tiādikena gahaṇena ādinnā icceva upādinnā. <span class="bld">Upādinna</span>-saddena vā amaggaphaladhammāyeva vuttā, itarehi maggaphaladhammā cāti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="centered">Tikanikkhepakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="title">Dukanikkhepakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1062"></a><span class="paranum">1062</span>. <span class="bld">Mettāyanavasenā</span>ti mettāpharaṇavasena. ‘‘Mettayanavasenā’’ti vattabbe dīghaṃ katvā vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Mettā, medanaṃ vā mettāyanaṃ, tañca sinehavasena. Anudayatīti anudāti vattabbe <span class="bld">‘‘anuddā’’</span>ti da-kārāgamanaṃ katvā vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Anuddāyanākāro</span>ti anurakkhaṇākāro. Rakkhaṇañhi dāyanā. <span class="bld">Anuddāyitassā</span>ti anuddāya ayitassa. ‘‘Jātipi dukkhā’’tiādiṃ suṇantassa savane, aniccādito sammasantassa sammasane, maggenettha sammohaṃ viddhaṃsentassa paṭivedhe, paṭivijjhitvā paccavekkhantassa paccavekkhaṇeti catūsu kālesu dukkhe ñāṇaṃ vattati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1065"></a><span class="paranum">1065</span>. Cittassa <a name="M0.0168"></a> saṃrañjanaṃ <span class="bld">cittassa sārāgo. Gijjhantī</span>ti abhikaṅkhanti. <span class="bld">Sañjaṃntī</span>ti bandhanti. <span class="bld">Lagganaṭṭhenā</span>ti saṃvaraṇaṭṭhena, olambanaṭṭhena vā. <span class="bld">Tassa tasseva bhavassā</span>ti kāmabhavādisaṅkhātassa vipākakaṭattārūpassa abhinibbattiatthaṃ paṭisandhiyā paccayabhāvavasena parikaḍḍhati. <span class="bld">Cittamassa</span> bhavantare <span class="bld">vidhāvati</span> nibbattati. <span class="bld">Taṇhāvipphanditaniveso</span> aṭṭhasatataṇhāvicaritādibhāvena taṇhāpavattiyeva.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Saritānī</span>ti rāgavasena allāni. Taṃsampayuttapītivasena siniddhāni <span class="bld">sinehitāni. Visatā</span>ti vitthatā. Rūpādīsu tebhūmakadhammesu byāpanavasena <span class="bld">visaṭā</span>. Purimavacanameva ta-kārassa ṭa-kāraṃ katvā vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Visālā</span>ti vipulā. <span class="bld">Visakkatī</span>ti parisappati, sahati vā. Ratto hi rāgavatthunā pādena tāliyamānopi sahatīti. Osakkanaṃ, vipphandanaṃ vā visakkananti vadanti<a name="V0.0162"></a>. Aniccādiṃ niccādito gaṇhantī <span class="bld">visaṃvādikā</span> hoti. <span class="bld">Visaṃharatī</span>ti tathā tathā kāmesu ānisaṃsaṃ passantī vividhehākārehi nekkhammābhimukhappavattito cittaṃ saṃharati saṅkhipati. <span class="bld">Visaṃ</span> vā dukkhaṃ, taṃ <span class="bld">harati</span> vahatīti attho. Dukkhanibbattakassa kammassa hetubhāvato <span class="bld">visamūlā,</span> visaṃ vā dukkhavedanāmūlaṃ etissāti <span class="bld">visamūlā</span>. Dukkhasamudayattā visaṃ phalaṃ etissāti <span class="bld">visaphalā</span>. Taṇhāya rūpādikassa dukkhasseva paribhogo hoti, na amatassāti sā <span class="bld">‘‘visaparibhogā’’</span>ti vuttā. Sabbattha niruttivasena padasiddhi veditabbā. Yo panettha padhāno attho, taṃ dassetuṃ puna <span class="bld">‘‘visatā vā panā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Itthabhāvaññathābhāva</span>nti manussabhāvadevādibhāvabhūtaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Paṇidhānakavasenā</span>ti cittassa rūpādīsu ṭhapanakavasena. Aññopi bandhu taṇhāya eva hoti, so pana abandhupi hoti. Taṇhā pana niccasannissitāti <span class="bld">‘‘pāṭiyekko bandhū’’</span>ti vuttā. <span class="bld">Asanato</span>ti byāpanato bhuñjanato ca. Tadubhayaṃ dasseti <span class="bld">‘‘ajjhottharaṇato’’</span>tiādinā. <span class="bld">Āsīsanavasenā</span>ti icchanavasena. <span class="bld">Aññenākārenā</span>ti jappanājappitattānaṃ jappāya anaññattadassanākārena. <span class="bld">Cittaṃ pariyuṭṭhātī</span>ti cittaṃ mūsati. <span class="bld">Mārapāso</span>ti mārena gahitatāya rāgo mārapāso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1066"></a><span class="paranum">1066</span>. <span class="bld">Saṅkhāresu uppanno kammapathabhedaṃ na karotī</span>ti etena sattesu uppanno aṭṭhānakopo karotīti viññāyati. ‘‘Atthaṃ me nācari<a name="M0.0169"></a>, na carati, na carissati, piyassa me manāpassa atthaṃ nācari, na carati, na carissati, appiyassa me amanāpassa anatthaṃ nācari, na carati, na carissatī’’ti uppajjamānopi hi kopo avatthusmiṃ uppannattā aṭṭhānakopo eva bhavituṃ yutto. <span class="bld">Āghātento</span>ti hananto. <span class="bld">Punaruttidoso paṭisedhito</span>ti dosa-padassa paṭivirodha-padassa ca dvikkhattuṃ āgatattā vuttaṃ. Paṭighassa vā visesanatthaṃ pubbe ‘‘paṭivirodho’’ti, padosādivisesanatthaṃ ‘‘doso’’ti ca vuttaṃ, dussanādivisesanatthaṃ pacchā ‘‘doso’’ti, virodhavisesanatthañca ‘‘paṭivirodho’’ti vuttanti natthi punaruttidoso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1091"></a><span class="paranum">1091</span>. Aniddhāritaparicchede dhammānaṃ atthitāmattadīpake mātikuddese aparicchedena bahuvacanena uddeso katoti bahuvacaneneva pucchati – ‘‘katame dhammā appaccayā’’ti. Sabhāvasaṅkhāparicchedādivasena hi dhamme ajānantassa vasena uddeso pucchā ca karīyatīti. Tasmā <a name="V0.0163"></a> paricchedaṃ akatvā uddiṭṭhā pucchitā ca. <span class="bld">Ime</span>ti asaṅkhatadhātuto uddhaṃ natthīti dīpanatthaṃ ekampi taṃ niddisitvā bahuvacaneneva nigamanaṃ kataṃ niddesato pubbe bodhaneyyassa ajānanakālaṃ upādāya.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1101"></a><span class="paranum">1101</span>. Kiṃ pana natthi, kiṃ tena na vuttāti yojanā kātabbā. Idameva manoviññeyyanti niyamābhāvo <span class="bld">vavatthānābhāvo</span>. Cakkhuviññāṇādiviññeyyameva cakkhādiviññeyyanti pāḷiyaṃ vuttanti manoviññāṇaviññeyyenapi manoviññeyyena bhavitabbanti katvā aṭṭhakathāya <span class="bld">‘‘kiṃ pana manoviññāṇenā’’</span>tiādi vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Kehici viññeyyā kehici aviññeyyā</span>ti idaṃ kāmāvacaraṃ manoviññāṇaṃ ārammaṇādivasena bhinditvā yojetabbaṃ. Rūpāvacarādiārammaṇena hi kāmāvacaramanoviññāṇena rūparāgādisampayuttena ca kāmāvacaradhammā na viññeyyā, itarena ca viññeyyā. Evaṃ kāmāvacarānameva ārammaṇānaṃ kesañci saddādīnaṃ rūpārammaṇādīhi aviññeyyatā viññeyyatā ca yojetabbā, tathā dvārabhedavasena. Atha vā somanassasahagatasantīraṇaṃ iṭṭhārammaṇamevāti itaraṃ tena na viññeyyaṃ. Evaṃ upekkhāsahagate kusalavipāke akusalavipāke cāti sabbattha yathāyogaṃ yojetabbaṃ. Rūpāvacarādayo kāmāvacaravipākādīhi aviññeyyā, kecideva viññeyyā <a name="M0.0170"></a> arūpāvacarehīti yojetabbaṃ anuvattamānattā. <span class="bld">Nibbānena aviññeyyattā</span>ti ‘‘kehici aviññeyyā’’ti imassa padassa atthasambhavamattaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, na nibbānassa anuvattamānamanoviññāṇabhāvato.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1102"></a><span class="paranum">1102</span>. <span class="bld">Pañcakāmaguṇikarāgo</span>ti ukkaṭṭhavasena vuttaṃ. Bhavāsavaṃ ṭhapetvā sabbo lobho kāmāsavoti yuttaṃ siyā. Sassatadiṭṭhisahagato rāgo bhavadiṭṭhisampayuttattā ‘‘bhavāsavo’’ti aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vutto. Bhavāsavo pana ‘‘diṭṭhigatavippayuttesu eva uppajjatī’’ti pāḷiyaṃ vutto. Sopi rāgo kāmāsavo bhavituṃ yutto. Diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikadukkhānaṃ kāraṇabhūtā kāmāsavādayopi dvidhā vuttā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1103"></a><span class="paranum">1103</span>. Kāmāsavaniddese ca <span class="bld">kāmesū</span>ti kāmarāgadiṭṭhirāgādiārammaṇabhūtesu tebhūmakesu vatthukāmesūti attho sambhavati. Tattha hi uppajjamānā sā taṇhā sabbāpi na kāmacchandādināmaṃ na labhatīti. Kattukamyatāchando akusalepi uppajjati, na pana dhammacchando.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1105"></a><span class="paranum">1105</span>. Aññaṃ <a name="V0.0164"></a> jīvanti gahaṇaṃ yadipi upādānakkhandhesveva pavattati, rūpe…pe… viññāṇe vā pana na patiṭṭhāti. Tato aññaṃ katvā jīvaṃ gaṇhātīti <span class="bld">sassatadiṭṭhi</span> hotīti. Brahmādiṃ ekaccaṃ attānaṃ ‘‘hotī’’ti niccato aññañca ‘‘na hotī’’ti aniccato gaṇhantassa ‘‘hoti ca na ca hotī’’ti <span class="bld">ekaccasassatadiṭṭhi</span>. ‘‘Hotī’’ti ca puṭṭhe ‘‘nevā’’ti, ‘‘na hotī’’ti ca puṭṭhe ‘‘na’’iti sabbattha paṭikkhipantassa <span class="bld">amarāvikkhepadiṭṭhi,</span> amarā anupacchedā, amaramacchasadisī vā vikkhepadiṭṭhīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Pañcakāmaguṇiko rāgo kāmāsavoti vuttoti katvā brahmānaṃ vimānādīsu rāgassa diṭṭhirāgassa ca kāmāsavabhāvaṃ paṭikkhipati. Yadi pana lobho kāmāsavabhavāsavavinimutto atthi, so yadā diṭṭhigatavippayuttesu uppajjati, tadā tena sampayutto avijjāsavo āsavavippayuttoti domanassavicikicchuddhaccasampayuttassa viya tassapi āsavavippayuttatā vattabbā siyā ‘‘catūsu diṭṭhigatavippayuttesu lobhasahagatesu cittuppādesu uppanno moho siyā āsavasampayutto siyā āsavavippayutto’’ti. ‘‘Kāmāsavo aṭṭhasu lobhasahagatesu cittuppādesu uppajjatī’’ti, ‘‘kāmāsavaṃ paṭicca diṭṭhāsavo avijjāsavo’’ti <a name="M0.0171"></a> (paṭṭhā. 3.3.1) ca vacanato diṭṭhisahagato rāgo kāmāsavo na hotīti na sakkā vattuṃ. <span class="bld">Kilesapaṭipāṭiyāpi āharituṃ vaṭṭatī</span>ti āsavānaṃ vacanaṃ pahātabbadassanatthanti katvā te pahāne āhariyamānā pahātabbānampi tesaṃ kilesānaṃ uddesakkamena āharituṃ vaṭṭanti pajahanakānaṃ maggānampīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1121"></a><span class="paranum">1121</span>. <span class="bld">Paṭhamakamānabhājanīye</span>ti ‘‘seyyohamasmī’’ti mānassa niddese. Tattha hi ‘‘ekacco jātiyā vā gottena vā kolaputtiyena vā vaṇṇapokkharatāya vā dhanena vā ajjhenena vā kammāyatanena vā sippāyatanena vā vijjāṭṭhānena vā sutena vā paṭibhānena vā aññataraññatarena vā vatthunā mānaṃ jappeti, yo evarūpo māno maññanā…pe… ketukamyatā cittassā’’ti (vibha. 866) seyyassa sadisassa hīnassa ca pavattamāno puggalavisesaṃ anāmasitvā seyyamāno vibhattoti imamatthaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘eko māno tiṇṇaṃ janānaṃ uppajjatīti kathito’’</span>ti āha. Na kevalañcāyaṃ paṭhamakamānabhājanīye eva evaṃ kathito, dutiyakatatiyakamānabhājanīyepi kathito evāti nidassanamatthaṃ etaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Atha vā puggale anissāya vuttānaṃ tiṇṇampi mānānaṃ bhājanīyaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘paṭhamakamānabhājanīye’’</span>ti āha. Seyyassa ‘‘seyyohamasmīti māno’’tiādīnañhi puggalaṃ āmasitvā vuttānaṃ navannaṃ mānānaṃ bhājanīyaṃ dutiyakamānabhājanīyaṃ <a name="V0.0165"></a> hoti, tassa mānarāsissa puggalaṃ anāmasitvā vuttamānarāsito dutiyatatiyakattāti, athāpi ca yathāvutte dutiyakamānabhājanīye ‘‘ekekassa tayo tayo mānā uppajjantīti kathita’’nti idha vuttāya atthavaṇṇanāya samānadassanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘paṭhamakamānabhājanīye’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. So eva māno idhāgatoti tattha kathito eva attho yujjatīti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Mānakaraṇavasenā</span>ti ‘‘seyyo’’tiādikiccakaraṇavasena. <span class="bld">Aparāpare upādāyā</span>ti idaṃ purimapurimā mānā aparāpare upanissayabhāvena te uppādentā accuggacchantīti imamatthaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Ketukamyatācittaṃ accuggatabhāvaṃ gacchatīti katvā citteneva visesitaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1126"></a><span class="paranum">1126</span>. Akkhamanabhāvappakāsanaṃ <span class="bld">khiyyanaṃ. Manena piyakaraṇa</span>nti evaṃpakāraṃ pūjanaṃ mānananti vuccatīti attho. <span class="bld">Issākaraṇavasenā</span>ti lābhādiakkhamanakiccavasena.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1127"></a><span class="paranum">1127</span>. <span class="bld">Ariyasāvakā</span>ti <a name="M0.0172"></a> vacanaṃ ‘‘ariyasāvakānaṃyeva paṭivedho atthi, te ca taṃ na maccharāyantī’’ti paṭivedhadhamme macchariyābhāvadassanatthaṃ. <span class="bld">Gantho</span>ti pāḷi. <span class="bld">Kathāmaggo</span>ti aṭṭhakathāpabandho. <span class="bld">Dhammantara</span>nti kusalādidhammaṃ bhinditvā akusalādiṃ attano lolatāya tathāgatabhāsitaṃ titthiyabhāsitaṃ vā karonto ālolessati. <span class="bld">Attānaṃ āvikatvā</span>ti attānaṃ aññathā santaṃ aññathā pavedayitvā. <span class="bld">Yo panā</span>ti titthiyo gahaṭṭho vā attano samayassa sadosabhāvaṃ daṭṭhuṃ anicchanto aññāṇena abhinivesena vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Byāpitumanicchoti viviccho, tassa bhāvo <span class="bld">vevicchaṃ. Anādaro</span>ti macchariyena dāne ādararahito. Kaṭacchunā gāho bhattassa kaṭacchuggāho, kaṭacchuggāho viya <span class="bld">kaṭacchuggāho</span>. Yathā hi kaṭacchuggāho yathāvutte bhatte na saṃpasārayati, evaṃ macchariyampi āvāsādīsūti. Gayhati etenāti vā gāho, kaṭacchu eva gāho <span class="bld">kaṭacchuggāho</span>. So yathā saṅkuṭitaggo na saṃpasārayati, evaṃ macchariyampīti. Āvaritvā gahitaṃ aggahitaṃ, tassa bhāvo <span class="bld">aggahitattaṃ,</span> macchariyaṃ. ‘‘Āvāsādi parehi sādhāraṇamasādhāraṇaṃ vā mayheva hotū’’ti pavattivasena attasampattiggahaṇalakkhaṇatā, ‘‘mā aññassā’’ti pavattivasena attasampattinigūhaṇalakkhaṇatā ca yojetabbā. Yaṃ pana ‘‘parasantakaṃ gaṇhitukāmo’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ macchariyassa parasantakalobhassa upanissayabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Yadi hi taṃ macchariyappavattidassanaṃ, parasampattiggahaṇalakkhaṇatā ca vattabbā siyāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1140"></a><span class="paranum">1140</span>. Abhijjhākāmarāgānaṃ <a name="V0.0166"></a> viseso āsavadvayaekāsavabhāvo siyā, naabhijjhāya noāsavabhāvo cāti noāsavalobhassa sabbhāvo vicāretabbo. Na hi atthi ‘‘āsavo ca noāsavo ca dhammā āsavassa dhammassa āsavassa ca noāsavassa ca dhammassa hetupaccayena paccayo’’ti sattamo ca navamo ca pañho. Gaṇanāya ca ‘‘hetuyā sattā’’ti vuttaṃ, na ‘‘navā’’ti. Diṭṭhisampayutte pana lobhe noāsave vijjamāne sattamanavamāpi pañhavissajjanaṃ labheyyuṃ, gaṇanā ca ‘‘hetuyā navā’’ti vattabbā siyā. Diṭṭhivippayutte ca lobhe noāsave vijjamāne pubbe dassito dosoti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1159"></a><span class="paranum">1159</span>. Kāmacchandanīvaraṇaniddese <a name="M0.0173"></a> <span class="bld">kāmesū</span>ti tebhūmakesu sāsavesu sabbesu vatthukāmesu. Sabbo hi lobho kāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ. Teneva tassa āruppe uppatti vuttā ‘‘nīvaraṇaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca nīvaraṇo dhammo uppajjati na purejātapaccayā. Āruppe kāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ paṭicca uddhaccanīvaraṇaṃ avijjānīvaraṇaṃ. Āruppe kāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ paṭicca thinamiddhanīvaraṇaṃ uddhaccanīvaraṇaṃ avijjānīvaraṇa’’nti (paṭṭhā. 3.8.1).</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1162"></a><span class="paranum">1162</span>. <span class="bld">Iriyāpathikacitta</span>nti iriyāpathūpatthambhakaṃ aṭṭhapaññāsavidhaṃ cittaṃ. Tattha pana balavathinamiddhasahagataṃ cittaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘iriyāpathaṃ sandhāretuṃ asakkonta’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Olīyatī</span>ti olambati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1163"></a><span class="paranum">1163</span>. <span class="bld">Onayhatī</span>ti chādeti, avattharati vā. Nānārammaṇesu pavattinivāraṇena, vipphārikatānivāraṇeneva vā <span class="bld">antosamorodho. Ekaccāna</span>nti sirīsādirukkhānaṃ. <span class="bld">Rūpakāyeneva siyuṃ,</span> tena sukhappaṭisaṃvedananibbānasacchikiriyānaṃ rūpatāpatti siyāti adhippāyo. <span class="bld">Tasmā</span>ti ‘‘kāyassā’’ti vacanassa rūpattāsādhakattā. <span class="bld">Na hi nāmakāyo supatī</span>ti idaṃ thinamiddhasamuṭṭhitarūpehi rūpakāyassa garubhāvappattaṃ aṅgapaccaṅgādīnaṃ saṃsīdanaṃ soppanti sandhāya vuttaṃ, na jāgaraṇacittarahitaṃ bhavaṅgasantatinti. <span class="bld">Tassa phalattā</span>ti phalūpacārena indriyaṃ viya middhaṃ dassetuṃ middhassa phalattā indriyaniddese viya liṅgādīni middhaniddesepi soppādīni vuttānīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Rūpakāyassa antosamorodho natthīti so nāmakāye vuttoti viññāyati. Tena saha vuttā <a name="V0.0167"></a> onāhapariyonāhā ca. Rūpakāyassa vā vipphārikāvipphārikabhāvo nāma attano sabhāvena natthi, nāmakāyassa nāmakāye vipphārike lahuko, avipphārike garukoti avipphārikabhāvena onāhanādi nāmakāyasseva hotīti onāhanādayopi nāmakāye viññāyanti. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘na hi rūpaṃ nāmakāyassa onāho…pe… hotī’’</span>ti. Āvaraṇabhāvo viya hi onāhanādibhāvopi nāmakāyasseva hotīti. Itaro adhippāyaṃ ajānanto meghādīhi rūpehi rūpānaṃ onāhanādiṃ passanto <span class="bld">‘‘nanu cā’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Yadi eva</span>nti yadi rūpassa onāhanāditā siddhā, arūpassa na siyā<a name="M0.0174"></a>, setubandhādīsu rūpassa āvaraṇaṃ diṭṭhanti āvaraṇampi arūpassa na bhaveyyāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Surāmerayapānaṃ akusalanti katvā yutto tassa upakkilesabhāvo, surā…pe… pamādaṭṭhānānuyogassa ca akusalattā paññāya dubbalīkaraṇabhāvo yutto, tathāpi parassa adhippāyaṃ anujānitvā surāmerayassa upakkilesatā paññāya dubbalīkaraṇatā ca upakkilesānaṃ paññāya dubbalīkaraṇānañca paccayattā phalavohārena vuttāti dassento āha <span class="bld">‘‘na, paccayaniddesato’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Evameva kho</span>ti yathā jātarūpassa ayo lohaṃ tipu sīsaṃ sajjanti pañcupakkilesehi upakkiliṭṭhaṃ jātarūpaṃ na ceva mudu hoti, na ca kammaniyaṃ, na ca pabhassaraṃ pabhaṅgu ca, na ca sammā upeti kammāya, evameva. <span class="bld">Paccayaniddesato</span>ti upakkilesapaññādubbalīkaraṇānaṃ paccayabhāvaniddesato, paccaye phalaniddesatoti attho. Sayameva kileso upakkilesaniddesesu niddiṭṭhoti adhippāyo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Nīvaraṇaṃ hutvāva nīvaraṇasampayutte dassiyamāne na nīvaraṇatādassanattho ārambho, atha kho siddhanīvaraṇabhāvassa nīvaraṇasampayuttatādassanatthoti yathālābhavasena ca asampayuttassa vacanaṃ na yujjati. Yathā hi <span class="bld">tiṭṭhantampi carantampī</span>ti sippisambukādīsu yathālābhasambhavaṃ taṃ dvayaṃ vuttaṃ, na evaṃ ‘‘thinamiddhanīvaraṇaṃ sampayuttampi asampayuttampī’’ti vacanaṃ atthi, yaṃ yathālābhaṃ sambhaveyyāti. <span class="bld">Cittajassāsambhavavacanato</span>ti ‘‘cattattā’’tiādivacanassa jhānakkhaṇe cittajassa thinamiddhassa asambhavavacanabhāvatoti attho, ‘‘cattattā’’tiādivacanena vā asambhavassa vacanato pakāsanatoti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kāmesu kho pana…pe… sudiṭṭho</span>ti iminā kāmādīnave aññāṇassa pahānamāha. <span class="bld">Taṃ tattha</span> <a name="V0.0168"></a> <span class="bld">pahāna</span>nti taṃ tattha rūpe pahānanti pahānaṃ apekkhitvā ‘‘ta’’nti vuttaṃ, taṃ vinayananti vā attho. Tena rūpassa appahātabbattameva dasseti, na pana ‘‘cha dhamme pahāyā’’tiādīsu middhassa appahātabbatādassanato añño pakāro vutto. <span class="bld">Na yathā…pe… vutta</span>nti cha dhammā pañca nīvaraṇāni ca yathā pahātabbāneva hontāni <a name="M0.0175"></a> ‘‘pahātabbānī’’ti vuttāni, na evaṃ rūpaṃ pahātabbameva hontaṃ ‘‘pahātabba’’nti vuttanti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Aññehi ca suttehī</span>ti vuttasuttānaṃ dassanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tathā hī’’</span>tiādimāha. Kusalappavattiṃ āvarantīti <span class="bld">āvaraṇā</span>. Nīvārentīti <span class="bld">nīvaraṇā</span>. Cittaṃ abhibhavantā ārohantīti <span class="bld">cetaso ajjhāruhā</span>. Āvaraṇādikiccañca arūpasseva yujjati, tathā andhakaraṇādikiccaṃ. Tattha catūsu padesu purimapurimassa pacchimapacchimo attho. Saṃsāradukkhaṃ vighāto, taṃjanakatāya <span class="bld">vighātapakkhikaṃ</span>. Cetaso pariyuṭṭhānaṃ ayonisomanasikārato uppatti akusalarāsibhāvo ca arūpasseva hotīti arūpameva middhaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1166"></a><span class="paranum">1166</span>. Gaṇabhojanādiakappiyabhojanaṃ kappiyasaññī bhuñjitvā puna jānitvā koci vippaṭisārī hoti, anavajjañca bhikkhudassanacetiyavandanādiṃ vajjasaññī akatvā katvā ca koci assaddho vippaṭisārī hoti. <span class="bld">Vatthu</span>nti mūlaṃ. <span class="bld">Evarūpa</span>nti mūlavasena evaṃpakāranti attho. Kukkuccapadaṃ yevāpanakesu ‘‘kucchitaṃ kataṃ kukataṃ, tassa bhāvo’’ti vuttatthameva. <span class="bld">Kukkuccāyanākāro</span>ti kukkuccabhāvanākāro kukkuccakaraṇākāro kukkuccagamanākāro vā. Etena kukkuccaṃ kiriyabhāvena dasseti. ‘‘Kappati na kappatī’’ti pavattacittuppādova <span class="bld">vinayakukkuccaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1176"></a><span class="paranum">1176</span>. Cittavikkhipanakiccasāmaññena uddhaccaṃ kukkuccañca saha vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Kāmacchandassa anāgāmimaggena pahānaṃ ukkaṭṭhanīvaraṇavasena vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Yadi hi lobho nonīvaraṇo siyā, ‘‘nonīvaraṇo dhammo nīvaraṇassa dhammassa hetupaccayena paccayo’’tiādi vattabbaṃ siyā, na cetaṃ vuttaṃ. Gaṇanāya ca ‘‘hetuyā cattārī’’ti vuttaṃ, na ‘‘navā’’ti. Tasmā sabbo lobho kāmacchandanīvaraṇanti arahattamaggenassa pahānavacanaṃ yuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1219"></a><span class="paranum">1219</span>. <span class="bld">Kāmo cā</span>ti kilesakāmo ca. <span class="bld">Purimadiṭṭhiṃ uttaradiṭṭhi upādiyatī</span>ti purimadiṭṭhiṃ ‘‘sassato’’ti <a name="V0.0169"></a> gaṇhantī upādiyati, purimadiṭṭhiākāreneva vā uppajjamānā uttaradiṭṭhi teneva purimadiṭṭhiṃ daḷhaṃ karontī taṃ upādiyatīti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Gosīlagovatādīnī</span>ti tathābhūtaṃ diṭṭhimāha. <span class="bld">Abhinivesato</span>ti <a name="M0.0176"></a> abhinivesabhāvato, abhinivisanato vā. <span class="bld">Attavādamattamevā</span>ti attassa abhāvā ‘‘attā’’ti idaṃ vacanamattameva. <span class="bld">Upādiyanti</span> daḷhaṃ gaṇhanti. Kathaṃ? <span class="bld">Attā</span>ti. Attāti hi abhinivisantā vacanameva daḷhaṃ katvā gaṇhantīti attho. Evaṃ attavādamattameva upādiyantīti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Attavādamatta’’nti vā vācāvatthumattamāha. Vācāvatthumattameva hi ‘‘attā’’ti upādiyanti atthassa abhāvāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1221"></a><span class="paranum">1221</span>. <span class="bld">Dinna</span>nti dānamāha, taṃ aphalattā rūpaṃ viya dānaṃ nāma na hotīti paṭikkhipati. Mahāvijitayaññasadiso yañño <span class="bld">mahāyāgo</span>. Āmantetvā havanaṃ dānaṃ <span class="bld">āhunaṃ,</span> pāhunānaṃ atithīnaṃ atithikiriyā <span class="bld">pāhunaṃ,</span> āvāhādīsu maṅgalatthaṃ dānaṃ <span class="bld">maṅgalakiriyā</span>. <span class="bld">Paraloke ṭhito imaṃ lokaṃ ‘‘natthī’’ti gaṇhātī</span>ti imaṃ lokaṃ avekkhitvā paraloko, parañca avekkhitvā ayaṃ loko hoti gantabbato āgantabbato cāti paralokato idhāgamanassa abhāvā tattheva ucchijjanato cittena paraloke ṭhito imaṃ lokaṃ ‘‘natthī’’ti gaṇhātīti attho veditabbo. Na hi ayaṃ diṭṭhi paraloke nibbattasseva hotīti. <span class="bld">Idhaloke ṭhito</span>ti etthāpi ayameva nayo. Ayaṃ vā ettha attho ‘‘saṃsaraṇappadeso idhaloko ca paraloko ca nāma koci natthi saṃsaraṇassa abhāvā tattha tattheva ucchijjanato’’ti. Purimabhavato pacchimabhave upapatanaṃ upapāto, so yesaṃ sīlaṃ, te <span class="bld">opapātikā</span>. Te pana cavanakā upapajjanakā hontīti katvā āha <span class="bld">‘‘cavanakaupapajjanakasattā natthīti gaṇhātī’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Anulomappaṭipada</span>nti nibbānānukūlaṃ sīlādippaṭipadaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1236"></a><span class="paranum">1236</span>. <span class="bld">Nippadesatova gahito</span>ti iminā yaṃ āsavagocchake brahmānaṃ kapparukkhādīsu rāgassa ca diṭṭhirāgassa ca asaṅgahaṇena nīvaraṇagocchake ca kāmacchandassa anāgāmimaggena pahātabbatādassanena sappadesattaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ nivāritaṃ hoti. <span class="bld">Arahattamaggenā</span>ti vacanena catūhi maggehi pahātabbatā vuttāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Na hi purimehi atanukatā mohādayo arahattamaggena pahīyantīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1287"></a><span class="paranum">1287</span>. <span class="bld">Niratiatthenā</span>ti <a name="V0.0170"></a> pītivirahena, balavanikantivirahena vā. Na hi dukkhāya vedanāya rajjantīti. Ava-saddena avagāhattho adhoattho cāti dvidhā <span class="bld">ava</span>-saddassa attho vutto.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1301"></a><span class="paranum">1301</span>. Vicikicchāsahagato <a name="M0.0177"></a> moharaṇo pahānekaṭṭhena diṭṭhisampayuttena rāgaraṇena <span class="bld">saraṇo,</span> uddhaccasahagato rūparāgaarūparāgasaṅkhātena. <span class="bld">Araṇavibhaṅgasutte</span> (ma. ni. 3.333) pana ‘‘yo kāmapaṭisandhisukhino somanassānuyogo hīno gammo pothujjaniko anariyo anatthasaṃhito, sadukkho eso dhammo saupaghāto saupāyāso sapariḷāho micchāpaṭipadā. Tasmā eso dhammo saraṇo’’tiādivacanato phalabhūtadukkhaupaghātaupāyāsapariḷāhasabhāvabhūto micchāpaṭipadābhāvova ‘‘saraṇo’’ti viññāyatīti tehi sabbākusalānaṃ saraṇatā siddhā hotīti.</p>
<p class="title">Suttantikadukanikkhepakathāvaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1303"></a><span class="paranum">1303</span>. <span class="bld">Vivecitattā</span>ti visuṃ katattā pakāsitattā. <span class="bld">Asesetvā khepetī</span>ti vajiraṃ attanā patitaṭṭhānaṃ asesetvā khepeti puna apākatikatāāpādanena.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1311"></a><span class="paranum">1311</span>. <span class="bld">Tappatī</span>ti vippaṭisārī hoti, anusocati vā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1313"></a><span class="paranum">1313</span>. <span class="bld">Aha</span>nti iti-saddaparena ahaṃ-saddena hetubhūtena yo attho viññāyati, so saṃkathīyati, udīrīyatīti attho. Aññathā hi vuccamānassa vacanena pakāsiyamānassa padatthassa <span class="bld">saṅkhā</span>dibhāve sabbesaṃ kusalādidhammānaṃ adhivacanāditā siyāti. <span class="bld">Bhāvo</span>ti sattavevacananti bhaṇanti, dhātuyā vā etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Datto</span>ti ettāvatā sattapaññattiṃ dassetvā aññampi upādāpaññattiṃ dassetuṃ <span class="bld">‘‘mañco’’</span>tiādimāha. <span class="bld">Aha</span>nti ca pavattaṃ adhivacanaṃ vadantena suṇantena ca pubbe gahitasaññena atthappakāsanabhāvena viññāyati. Na hi tasmiṃ aviññāte tadatthavijānanaṃ atthīti visesena adhivacanaṃ ‘‘ñāyatīti <span class="bld">samaññā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Etassatthassa ahanti idaṃ adhivacananti evaṃ vā saññāgahaṇavasena ñāyati samaññāyati pākaṭā hotīti <span class="bld">samaññā. Paññāpīyatī</span>ti ahanti idaṃ etassa adhivacananti evaṃ ṭhapīyatīti attho. <span class="bld">Voharīyatī</span>ti vuccati. <span class="bld">Uddheyya</span>nti uddharitabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Api nāmasahassato</span>ti anekehipi nāmasahassehīti attho. Sayameva upapatanasīlaṃ nāmaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘opapātikanāma’’</span>nti vuccati.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Karīyatīti <a name="M0.0178"></a><a name="V0.0171"></a> kammaṃ, nāmameva kammaṃ <span class="bld">nāmakammaṃ</span>. Tathā <span class="bld">nāmadheyyaṃ</span>. Karaṇaṭhapanasaddāpi hi kammatthā hontīti. Atha karaṇatthā, karīyati ca ṭhapīyati ca etena attho evaṃnāmoti paññāpīyatīti karaṇaṃ ṭhapanañca nāma hoti. Atha bhāvatthā, ñāpanamattameva karaṇaṃ ṭhapananti ca vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Nāmanirutti nāmabyañjana</span>nti nāmamicceva vuttaṃ hoti. Na hi pathavīsaṅkhātaṃ atthappakāramattaṃ nivadati byañjayati vā pathavīti nāmaṃ nivadati byañjayati vā, tasmā anāmassa niruttibyañjanabhāvanivāraṇatthaṃ ‘‘nāmanirutti nāmabyañjana’’nti vuttaṃ. Evaṃ <span class="bld">nāmābhilāpo</span>ti etthāpi nayo. Ettha pana saṅkhā samaññā paññatti vohāroti catūhi padehi paññāpitabbato paññatti vuttā, itarehi paññāpanato.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Tattha ca ‘‘purimā upādāpaññatti uppādavayakiccarahitā lokasaṅketasiddhā, pacchimā nāmapaññatti, yāya purimā paññatti rūpādayo ca sotadvāraviññāṇasantānānantaramuppannena gahitapubbasaṅketena manodvāraviññāṇasantānena gahitāya paññāpīyantī’’ti ācariyā vadanti. Etasmiṃ pana imissā pāḷiyā aṭṭhakathāya ca atthe sati yaṃ vuttaṃ mātikāyaṃ ‘‘vacanamattameva adhikāraṃ katvā pavattā adhivacanā nāma, sahetukaṃ katvā vuccamānā abhilāpā nirutti nāma, pakārena ñāpanato paññatti nāmā’’ti (dha. sa. aṭṭha. 101-108), tena virodho siyā. Na hi uppādavayakiccarahitassa vacanamattaṃ adhikāraṃ katvā pavatti atthi uppādādisahitasseva pavattisabbhāvato, na ca vacanavacanatthavimuttassa nāmassa niddhāretvā sahetukaṃ katvā vuccamānatā atthi, nāpi aniddhāritasabhāvassa padatthassa tena tena pakārena ñāpanaṃ atthīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Duvidhā cāyaṃ paññatti yathāvuttappakārāti aṭṭhakathāvacanañca na dissati, aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana vijjamānapaññattiādayo cha paññattiyova vuttā. Tattha ‘‘rūpaṃ vedanā’’tiādikā vijjamānapaññatti. ‘‘Itthī puriso’’tiādikā avijjamānapaññatti. ‘‘Tevijjo chaḷabhiñño’’tiādikā vijjamānena avijjamānapaññatti. ‘‘Itthisaddo purisasaddo’’tiādikā avijjamānena vijjamānapaññatti. ‘‘Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ sotaviññāṇa’’ntiādikā vijjamānena vijjamānapaññatti. ‘‘Khattiyakumāro brāhmaṇakumāro’’tiādikā avijjamānena avijjamānapaññatti. Na cettha yathāvuttappakārā duvidhā paññatti vuttāti <a name="M0.0179"></a> sakkā viññātuṃ. Vijjamānassa hi <a name="V0.0172"></a> saṅkhā…pe… abhilāpo vijjamānapaññatti. Avijjamānassa ca saṅkhādikā avijjamānapaññatti. Tesaṃyeva visesanavisesitabbabhāvena pavattā saṅkhādayo itarāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Avijjamānapaññattivacanena paññāpitabbā upādāpaññatti, tassā paññāpanabhūtā nāmapaññatti ca vuttā, itarehi nāmapaññattiyeva yathāvuttāti ce? Na, asiddhattā. Sati hi ujuke purime pāḷianugate atthe ayamattho imāya aṭṭhakathāya vuttoti asiddhametaṃ. Yadi ca sattarathaghaṭādidisākālakasiṇaajaṭākāsakasiṇugghāṭimākāsaākiñcaññāyatanavisayanirodhasamāpattiādippakārā upādāpaññatti avijjamānapaññatti, eteneva vacanena tassā avijjamānatā vuttāti na sā atthīti vattabbā. Yathā ca paññāpitabbato avijjamānānaṃ sattādīnaṃ avijjamānapaññattibhāvo, evaṃ rūpādīnaṃ vijjamānānaṃ paññapetabbato vijjamānapaññattibhāvo āpajjati. Tato ‘‘sabbe dhammā paññattī’’ti paññattipathehi avisiṭṭho paññattidhammaniddeso vattabbo siyā. Athāpi paññāpitabbapaññāpanavisesadassanattho saṅkhādiniddeso, tathāpi ‘‘ekadhammo sabbadhammesu nipatati, sabbadhammā ekadhammasmiṃ nipatantī’’tiādinā paññāpitabbānaṃ paññattipathabhāvassa dassitattā paññāpitabbānaṃ paññattibhāve paññattipathā paññattisaddeneva vuttāti paññattipathapadaṃ na vattabbaṃ siyā, nāpi sakkā paññāpitabbapaññāpanavisesadassanattho saṅkhādiniddesoti vattuṃ saṅkhādisaddānaṃ samānatthattā. Vuttañhi ‘‘maraṇenapi taṃ pahīyati, yaṃ puriso mamidanti maññatī’’ti (mahāni. 41) ettha ‘‘purisoti saṅkhā samaññā…pe… abhilāpo’’ti (mahāni. 41). Tathā ‘‘māgaṇḍiyoti tassa brāhmaṇassa nāmaṃ saṅkhā samaññā’’tiādi (mahāni. 73). Na ca ‘‘ayaṃ itthannāmo’’ti saṅketaggahaṇaṃ ‘‘rūpaṃ tisso’’tiādivacanaggahaṇañca muñcitvā aññassa asiddhasabhāvassa atthapaññāpane samatthatā sambhavati, tesañca asamatthatā. Yadi hi tesaṃ vinā paññattiyā atthapaññāpane asamatthatā siyā, paññattipaññāpane ca asamatthatāti tassā aññā paññatti vattabbā siyā, tassā tassāti anavatthānaṃ, tato atthavijānanameva na siyā, nāpi saṅketaggahaṇaṃ saṅketassa paññattibhāve ‘‘ayaṃ imassa bhāsitassa attho’’ti vā, ‘‘imassatthassa idaṃ vacanaṃ jotaka’’nti vā. Saññuppādamatte pana saṅketaggahaṇe vacanassa vacanatthavinimuttassa <a name="M0.0180"></a> kappane payojanaṃ natthi. ‘‘Buddhassa bhagavato vohāro lokiye sote paṭihaññati’’ (kathā. 347), ‘‘abhijānāsi no tvaṃ ānanda ito pubbe evarūpaṃ nāmadheyyaṃ sutaṃ yadidaṃ janavasabho’’ti (dī. ni. 2.280), ‘‘nāmañca sāveti koṇḍañño ahaṃ <a name="V0.0173"></a> bhagavā’’tiādīhi (saṃ. ni. 1.217) ca paññattiyā vacanabhāvo siddho. Tasmā pāḷiyā aṭṭhakathāya ca aviruddho attho vicāretvā gahetabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi sattādayo avijjamānapaññatti na honti, kā pana avijjamānapaññatti nāmāti? Pakāsito ayamattho ‘‘avijjamānānaṃ sattādīnaṃ saṅkhā…pe… abhilāpo avijjamānapaññattī’’ti. Sattādīnañca avijjamānattā atthitā neva vattabbā, ye ca vadeyyuṃ ‘‘rūpādīni viya avijjamānattā avijjamānatā vuttā, na natthibhāvato’’ti, ayañca vādo hevatthikathāya paṭisiddho, na ca rūpaṃ vedanā na hotīti avijjamānaṃ nāma hoti. Evaṃ sattādayopi yadi atthi, rūpādayo na hontīti avijjamānāti na vattabbā. Yasmā pana yesu rūpādīsu cakkhādīsu ca tathā tathā pavattamānesu ‘‘satto itthī ratho ghaṭo’’tiādikā vicittasaññā uppajjati, saññānulomāni ca adhivacanāni, tehi rūpacakkhādīhi añño sattarathādisaññāvalambito vacanattho vijjamāno na hoti, tasmā sattarathādiabhilāpā ‘‘avijjamānapaññattī’’ti vuccanti, na ca te ‘‘musā’’ti vuccanti lokasamaññāvasena pavattattā. Tato eva te abhilāpā ‘‘sammutisacca’’nti vuccanti. So ca vacanattho sayaṃ avijjamānopi vijjamānassa vacanasseva vasena paññattivohāraṃ labhati, ‘‘sammutisacca’’nti ca vuccati yathāgahitasaññāvasena pavattavacanatthabhāvato. ‘‘Sammutiñāṇaṃ saccārammaṇameva, nāññārammaṇa’’nti (kathā. 434) kathāya ca ‘‘pathavīkasiṇādi cīvarādi ca sammutisaccamhī’’ti imināva adhippāyena vuttanti viññāyati. Yasmā rūpādīsu santānena pavattamānesu ekattaggahaṇavasena te amuñcitvā pavattaṃ sattādiggahaṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇādīni viya rūpādīsu tesu khandhesu cakkhādīsu ca asantaṃ avijjamānaṃ sattarathādiṃ gaṇhāti, tasmā taṃ parittārammaṇādibhāvena na vattabbanti vuttaṃ. Tathā yaṃ khandhasamūhasantānaṃ ekattena gahitaṃ upādāya ‘‘kalyāṇamitto pāpamitto <a name="M0.0181"></a> puggalo’’ti gahaṇaṃ paññatti ca pavattati, taṃ tadupādānabhūtaṃ puggalasaññāya sevamānassa kusalākusalānaṃ uppatti hotīti ‘‘puggalopi upanissayapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 1.1.9) vuttaṃ. Yasmā pana puggalo nāma koci bhāvo natthi, tasmā yathā āpodhātuādīni cittena vivecetvā pathavīdhātu upalabbhati, na evaṃ rūpādayo khandhe vivecetvā puggalo upalabbhati. Paṭisedhitā ca puggalakathāya puggaladiṭṭhi. Vajirāya ca bhikkhuniyā vuttaṃ –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kaṃ <a name="V0.0174"></a> nu sattoti paccesi, māra diṭṭhigataṃ nu te;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Suddhasaṅkhārapuñjoyaṃ, nayidha sattupalabbhatī’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.171; mahāni. 186; kathā. 233);</p>
<p class="unindented">Sattoti pana vacanassa paññattiyā pavattiṃ dassetuṃ sā evamāha –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Yathāpi aṅgasambhārā, hoti saddo ratho iti;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Evaṃ khandhesu santesu, hoti sattoti sammutī’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.171; mahāni. 186; kathā. 233);</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi puggalo na vijjati, kathaṃ puggalaggahaṇassa sārammaṇatā siyāti? Avijjamānassapi ārammaṇassa gahaṇato. Avijjamānampi hi parikappitaṃ lokasaññātaṃ vā vijjamānaṃ vā sabhāvabhūtaṃ ārammaṇaṃ gahetvāva uppajjanato sārammaṇatā vuttā. Sārammaṇāti hi vacanaṃ cittacetasikānaṃ ārammaṇena vinā appavattiññeva dīpeti, na tehi gahitassa ārammaṇassa vijjamānataṃ avijjamānataṃ vāti. Ayaṃ saṅkhatāsaṅkhatavinimuttassa atthitāpaṭisedhaṃ sabbathā anuvattantānaṃ vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1316"></a><span class="paranum">1316</span>. <span class="bld">Nāmakaraṇaṭṭhenā</span>ti aññaṃ anapekkhitvā sayameva attano nāmakaraṇasabhāvatoti attho. Yañhi parassa nāmaṃ karoti, tassa ca tadapekkhattā aññāpekkhaṃ nāmakaraṇanti nāmakaraṇasabhāvatā na hoti. Tasmā mahājanassa ñātīnaṃ guṇānañca sāmaññanāmādikārakānaṃ nāmabhāvo nāpajjati. Yassa ca aññehi nāmaṃ karīyati, tassa ca nāmakaraṇasabhāvatā natthīti natthiyeva nāmabhāvo, vedanādīnaṃ pana sabhāvasiddhattā vedanādināmassa nāmakaraṇasabhāvato nāmatā vuttā. Pathavīādinidassanena nāmassa sabhāvasiddhataṃyeva nidasseti, na nāmabhāvasāmaññaṃ, niruḷhattā pana nāmasaddo arūpadhammesu eva vutto, na pathavīādīsūti na tesaṃ nāmabhāvo. Mātikāya ca pathavīādīnaṃ nāmatānāpatti <a name="M0.0182"></a> vuttāva. Na hi pathavīādināmaṃ vijahitvā kesādināmehi rūpadhammānaṃ viya vedanādināmaṃ vijahitvā aññena nāmena arūpadhammānaṃ voharitabbena piṇḍākārena pavatti atthīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Atha <a name="V0.0175"></a> vā rūpadhammā cakkhādayo rūpādayo ca tesaṃ pakāsakapakāsitabbabhāvato vinā nāmena pākaṭā honti, na evaṃ arūpadhammāti adhivacanasamphasso viya nāmāyattagahaṇīyabhāvena ‘‘nāma’’nti vuttā, paṭighasamphassopi na cakkhādīni viya nāmena vinā pākaṭoti ‘‘nāma’’nti vutto. Arūpatāya vā aññanāmasabhāgattā saṅgahitoyaṃ, aññaphassasabhāgattā vā. Vacanatthopi hi ‘‘rūpayatīti rūpaṃ, nāmayatīti nāma’’nti idha pacchimapurimānaṃ sambhavati. <span class="bld">Rūpayatī</span>ti vināpi nāmena attānaṃ pakāsayatīti attho, <span class="bld">nāmayatī</span>ti nāmena vinā apākaṭabhāvato attano pakāsakaṃ nāmaṃ karotīti attho. <span class="bld">Ārammaṇādhipatipaccayatāyā</span>ti satipi rūpassa ārammaṇādhipatipaccayabhāve na paramassāsabhūtaṃ nibbānaṃ viya sātisayaṃ taṃnāmanasabhāvena paccayoti nibbānameva ‘‘nāma’’nti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1318"></a><span class="paranum">1318</span>. <span class="bld">Vaṭṭamūlasamudācāradassanattha</span>nti sattānaṃ vaṭṭamūlasamudācāro nāma avijjā ca bhavataṇhā ca, taṃdassanatthanti attho. Tattha samudācaratīti samudācāro, vaṭṭamūlameva samudācāro vaṭṭamūlasamudācāro, vaṭṭamūladassanena vaṭṭamūlānaṃ pavatti dassitā hotīti vaṭṭamūlānaṃ samudācārassa dassanatthantipi attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1320"></a><span class="paranum">1320</span>. Ekekasmiñca attāti ca lokoti ca gahaṇavisesaṃ upādāya <span class="bld">‘‘attā ca loko cā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Ekaṃ vā khandhaṃ attato gahetvā aññaṃ attano upabhogabhūto lokoti gaṇhantassa attano attānaṃ ‘‘attā’’ti gahetvā parassa attānaṃ ‘‘loko’’ti gaṇhantassa vā vasena <span class="bld">‘‘attā ca loko cā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Taṃ bhavissatī</span>ti taṃ dvidhāpi gahitaṃ khandhapañcakaṃ bhavissatīti niviṭṭhā parāmasantīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1332"></a><span class="paranum">1332</span>. Saha sikkhitabbo dhammo sahadhammo, tattha bhavaṃ <span class="bld">sahadhammikaṃ</span>. Kammatthe vattamānato dovacassasaddato āya-saddaṃ anaññatthaṃ katvā ‘‘dovacassāya’’nti vuttanti adhippāyena <span class="bld">‘‘dubbacassa kamma’’</span>nti āha. Dovacassassa vā ayanaṃ pavatti <span class="bld">dovacassāyaṃ</span>. Vacanassa paṭiviruddhavacanaṃ <span class="bld">paṭāṇikagahaṇaṃ</span><a name="M0.0183"></a>. Guṇehi garūsu gāravena vasanaṃ <span class="bld">garuvāso</span>. Jātiādīhi jeṭṭhakesu paṭissuṇitabbesu vasanaṃ <span class="bld">sajeṭṭhakavāso</span>. Ottappitabbā vā <span class="bld">garuno</span>. Hiriyitabbā <span class="bld">jeṭṭhakā</span>. Yāya cetanāya dubbaco hoti, sā dovacassatā bhavituṃ arahatīti <span class="bld">‘‘saṅkhārakkhandhoyevā’’</span>ti āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1333"></a><span class="paranum">1333</span>. Du-saddena <a name="V0.0176"></a> yuttaṃ nāmaṃ <span class="bld">dunnāmaṃ</span>. Anupasaṅkamantassapi anusikkhanaṃ sevanāti adhippāyena <span class="bld">‘‘bhajanāti upasaṅkamanā’’</span>ti āha. <span class="bld">Sabbatobhāgenā</span>ti kāyavācācittehi āvi ceva raho ca.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1336"></a><span class="paranum">1336</span>. <span class="bld">Vinayo</span>ti vibhaṅgakhandhakā vuttā. Vatthuvītikkamato pubbe parato ca āpattiṃ āpajjanto nāma na hotīti saha vatthunā āpattiṃ paricchindati. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘saha vatthunā…pe… āpattikusalatā nāmā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Saha kammavācāyā</span>ti abbhānatiṇavatthārakakammavācāya ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, itthannāmaṃ āpattiṃ āpajji’’ntiādikāya ca. Saheva hi kammavācāya āpattivuṭṭhānañca paricchindatīti. Āpattiyā vā kāraṇaṃ <span class="bld">vatthu,</span> vuṭṭhānassa kāraṇaṃ <span class="bld">kammavācā</span>ti kāraṇena saha phalassa jānanavasena <span class="bld">‘‘saha vatthunā saha kammavācāyā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1338"></a><span class="paranum">1338</span>. Ayamevattho <span class="bld">saha parikammenā</span>ti ettha vutto. <span class="bld">Vuṭṭhānakapaññāyā</span>ti vuṭṭhānassa kāraṇabhūtāya parikammapaññāya.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1340"></a><span class="paranum">1340</span>. Dhātuvisayā sabbāpi paññā <span class="bld">dhātukusalatā,</span> tadekadesā manasikārakusalatāti adhippāyena purimapadepi <span class="bld">uggahamanasikārajānanapaññā</span> vuttā. Purimapade vā vācuggatāya dhātupāḷiyā manasikaraṇaṃ ‘‘manasikāro’’ti vuttaṃ. Tattha uggaṇhantī manasikarontī dhātupāḷiyā atthaṃ suṇantī ganthato ca atthato ca dhārentī ‘‘ayaṃ cakkhudhātu nāmā’’tiādinā sabhāvato aṭṭhārasevāti gaṇanato ca paricchedaṃ jānantī ca paññā <span class="bld">uggahapaññā</span>dikā vuttā. Pacchimapade pañcavidhāpi sā paññā uggahoti tato ca pavatto aniccādimanasikāro ‘‘uggahamanasikāro’’ti vutto, tassa jānanaṃ pavattanameva, yathā pavattaṃ vā uggahaṃ, evameva pavatto uggahoti jānanaṃ <span class="bld">uggahajānanaṃ</span>. Manasikāropi ‘‘evaṃ pavattetabbo evañca pavatto’’ti jānanaṃ <span class="bld">manasikārajānanaṃ</span>. Tadubhayampi manasikārakosallanti <a name="M0.0184"></a> vuttaṃ. Uggahopi hi manasikārasampayogato manasikāraniruttiṃ laddhuṃ yuttoti yo ca manasi kātabbo, yo ca manasikaraṇupāyo, sabbo so manasikāroti vattuṃ vaṭṭatīti. Tattha ca kosallaṃ <span class="bld">manasikārakusalatā</span>ti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1342"></a><span class="paranum">1342</span>. <span class="bld">Tīsupi vā…pe… vaṭṭatī</span>ti tassā ca uggahādibhāvo vutto. <span class="bld">Sammasanaṃ</span> paññā<a name="V0.0177"></a>, sā maggasampayuttā aniccādisammasanakiccaṃ sādheti niccasaññādipajahanato. <span class="bld">Manasikāro</span> sammasanasampayutto tatheva aniccādimanasikārakiccaṃ maggasampayutto sādheti. Tenāha <span class="bld">‘‘sammasanamanasikārā lokiyalokuttaramissakā’’</span>ti. <span class="bld">Iminā pana paccayena idaṃ hotī</span>ti evaṃ avijjādīnaṃ saṅkhārādipaccayuppannassa paccayabhāvajānanaṃ <span class="bld">paṭiccasamuppādakusalatā</span>ti dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1344"></a><span class="paranum">1344</span>. <span class="bld">Ambabījādīni</span> anupādinnakadassanatthaṃ vuttāni. Sotaviññāṇādīnaṃ visabhāgā ananurūpā anuppādakāyeva cakkhādayo <span class="bld">‘‘visabhāgapaccayā’’</span>ti vuttā, tehi anuppajjamānāneva ca sotaviññāṇādīni <span class="bld">‘‘visabhāgapaccayasamuppannadhammā’’</span>ti. Sotaviññāṇena vā visabhāgassa cakkhuviññāṇassa paccayoti visabhāgapaccayo, cakkhāyatanassa visabhāgena sotāyatanena paccayena samuppanno <span class="bld">visabhāgapaccayasamuppanno</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1346"></a><span class="paranum">1346</span>. Ajjavaniddese <span class="bld">ajjavo ajjavatā</span>ti ujutā ujukatā icceva vuttaṃ hotīti ajjavamaddavaniddesesu ujukatāmudutāniddesehi visesaṃ maddavaniddese vuttaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘nīcacittatā’’</span>tipadamāha. Tattha ‘‘nīcacittatā mudutā’’ti puna mudutāvacanaṃ nīcacittatāya visesanatthaṃ. Omānopi hi nīcacittatā hoti, na pana mudutāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1348"></a><span class="paranum">1348</span>. Paresaṃ dukkaṭaṃ duruttañca paṭivirodhākaraṇena <span class="bld">attano upari āropetvā vāsenti. Cittassa sakamanatā</span>ti cittassa abyāpanno sako manobhāvoti attho. Cittanti vā cittappabandhaṃ ekattena gahetvā tassa antarā uppannena pītisahagatamanena sakamanattaṃ āha. Attamano vā puggalo, tassa bhāvo attamanatā. Sā na sattassāti puggaladiṭṭhinivāraṇattaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘cittassā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1349"></a><span class="paranum">1349</span>. Kāyavācāhi <a name="M0.0185"></a> kattabbassa akaraṇena asādiyitabbassa sādiyanena ca <span class="bld">manasāpi ācara</span>ti eva, indriyasaṃvarādibhedanavasena vā etaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1350"></a><span class="paranum">1350</span>. Sadosavaṇe rukkhe niyyāsapiṇḍiyo, ahicchattakāni vā uṭṭhitāni <span class="bld">‘‘aṇḍakānī’’</span>ti vadanti. Pheggurukkhassa pana kuthitassa aṇḍāni viya uṭṭhitā cuṇṇapiṇḍiyo gaṇṭhiyo vā <span class="bld">‘‘aṇḍakānī’’</span>ti veditabbā. Padumanāḷaṃ viya sotaṃ ghaṃsayamānā viya <a name="V0.0178"></a> pavisantī <span class="bld">kakkasā</span> daṭṭhabbā. Kodhena nibbattā tassa parivārabhūtā <span class="bld">kodhasāmantā</span>. Pure saṃvaḍḍhanārī porī, sā viya sukumārā mudukā vācā porī viyāti <span class="bld">porī. Tatthā</span>ti ‘‘bhāsitā hotī’’ti vuttāya kiriyāyātipi yojanā sambhavati, <span class="bld">tattha</span> vācāyāti vā. <span class="bld">Saṇhavācatā</span>tiādinā taṃ vācaṃ pavattayamānaṃ cetanaṃ dasseti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1351"></a><span class="paranum">1351</span>. Āmisālābhena yaṃ chiddaṃ hoti, taṃ āmisālābhena <span class="bld">‘‘chidda’’</span>nti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Dveyeva hī</span>ti yathāvuttāni āmisadhammālābhehi pavattamānāni chiddāni āha. <span class="bld">Gamanasabhāgenā</span>ti gamanamaggassa anucchavikadisābhāgena. <span class="bld">Saṅgahapakkhe ṭhatvā</span>ti saṅgahaṃ karomicceva kathetabbaṃ, na lābhasakkārakāmatādīhīti attho. Avassaṃ kātabbaṃ <span class="bld">kiccaṃ,</span> itaraṃ <span class="bld">karaṇīyaṃ</span>. Abbhānato aññaṃ āpattivuṭṭhānaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘vuṭṭhāna’’</span>nti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1352"></a><span class="paranum">1352</span>. <span class="bld">Sasambhārakathā</span>ti dassanassa kāraṇasahitāti attho, sasambhārassa vā dassanassa kathā <span class="bld">sasambhārakathā. Yassa cakkhundriyāsaṃvarassa hetū</span>ti vatvā puna <span class="bld">‘‘tassa cakkhundriyassa satikavāṭena pidahanatthāyā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, na asaṃvarassāti. Tadidaṃ yaṃ cakkhundriyāsaṃvarassa hetu abhijjhādianvāssavanaṃ dassitaṃ, taṃ asaṃvutacakkhundriyasseva hetupavattaṃ dassitanti katvā vuttanti veditabbaṃ, <span class="bld">yatvādhikaraṇa</span>nti hi yassa cakkhundriyassa kāraṇāti attho. Kassa ca kāraṇāti? Asaṃvutassa. Kiñca asaṃvutaṃ? Yassa cakkhundriyāsaṃvarassa hetu anvāssavanti tadupalakkhitaṃ, tassa saṃvarāyāti ayamatthayojanā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Javanakkhaṇe pana dussīlyaṃ vā</span>tiādi puna avacanatthaṃ idheva sabbaṃ vuttanti chasu dvāresu yathāsambhavaṃ yojetabbaṃ. Na hi pañcadvāre kāyavacīduccaritasaṅkhātaṃ dussīlyaṃ atthīti. <span class="bld">Yathā ki</span>ntiādinā nagaradvāre asaṃvare sati <a name="M0.0186"></a> taṃsambandhānaṃ gharādīnaṃ asaṃvutatā viya javane asaṃvare sati taṃsambandhānaṃ dvārādīnaṃ asaṃvutatāti evaṃ aññesaṃ saṃvare, aññesaṃ saṃvutatāsāmaññameva nidasseti, na pubbāparasāmaññaṃ anto bahi sāmaññaṃ vā. Sati vā dvārabhavaṅgādike puna uppajjamānaṃ javanaṃ bāhiraṃ viya katvā nagaradvārasamānaṃ vuttaṃ, itarañca antonagaradvārasamānaṃ. Javane vā asaṃvare uppanne tato paraṃ dvārabhavaṅgādīnaṃ asaṃvarahetubhāvāpattito nagaradvārasadisena javanena pavisitvā dussīlyādicorānaṃ dvārabhavaṅgādimūsanaṃ kusalabhaṇḍavināsanaṃ kathitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1353"></a><span class="paranum">1353</span>. Iminā <a name="V0.0179"></a> āhārena nittharaṇatthena atthikabhāvo <span class="bld">idamatthikatā. Āhāraparibhoge asantussanā</span>ti āhāraparibhogakkhaṇe pavattā asantussanā, davatthādiabhilāsoti attho. Ettha ca <span class="bld">asantuṭṭhitā</span> lobho, <span class="bld">amattaññutā appaṭisaṅkhā</span> ca mohoti ime dve dhammā <span class="bld">‘‘bhojane amattaññutā’’</span>ti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1355"></a><span class="paranum">1355</span>. ‘‘Seyyohamasmī’’tiādinā pavattamānova <span class="bld">mānamado</span>. Asaddhammasevanāsamatthataṃ nissāya pavatto māno, rāgo eva vā <span class="bld">purisamado</span>. Sakkarasappikhīrādīni yojetvā bahalapakkaṃ bhojanaṃ <span class="bld">piṇḍarasabhojanaṃ,</span> bahalapakkaṃ vā maṃsarasādibhojanaṃ. <span class="bld">Manda</span>nti appaṃ. <span class="bld">Ṭhitiyā</span>ti ṭhitatthaṃ. Tadatthañca bhuñjanto yasmā ‘‘kāyaṃ ṭhapessāmī’’ti bhuñjati, tasmā <span class="bld">‘‘ṭhapanatthāyā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Abhuttapaccayā uppajjanakā</span>ti idaṃ khudāya visesanaṃ yassā appavatti bhojanena kātabbā, tassā dassanatthaṃ. <span class="bld">Sakalaṃ sāsana</span>nti pāḷidhammampi sabbakusalepi saṅgaṇhāti. Abhuttapaccayā uppajjanakavedanā, bhuttapaccayā na uppajjanakavedanāti etāsaṃ ko viseso? Purimā yathāpavattā jighacchānimittā vedanā. Sā hi abhuñjantassa bhiyyo pavattanavasena uppajjatīti. Pacchimāpi khudānimittāva aṅgadāhasūlādivedanā appavattā. Sā hi bhuttapaccayā pubbe anuppannāva na uppajjissati. Vihiṃsānimittatā cetāsaṃ vihiṃsāya viseso.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Yātrā</span>ti yāpanā vuttā, pubbepi ‘‘yāpanāyā’’ti vuttaṃ, ko ettha viseso? Pubbe ‘‘yāpanāyāti jīvitindriyayāpanatthāyā’’ti vuttaṃ, idha pana catunnaṃ iriyāpathānaṃ avicchedasaṅkhātā yāpanā yātrāti ayamettha viseso<a name="M0.0187"></a>. Dāyakadeyyadhammānaṃ attano ca pamāṇaṃ ajānitvā paṭiggahaṇaṃ, saddhādeyyavinipātanatthaṃ vā paṭiggahaṇaṃ <span class="bld">adhammikapaṭiggahaṇaṃ,</span> yena vā āpattiṃ āpajjeyya. Apaccavekkhitaparibhogo <span class="bld">adhammena paribhogo</span>. Anavajje aninditabbe paccaye sāvajjaṃ sanindaṃ paribhogena attānaṃ karoti. <span class="bld">Anavajjatā ca bhavissatī</span>ti attano pakatiaggibalādiṃ jānitvā ‘‘evaṃ me agarahitabbatā ca bhavissatī’’ti pamāṇayuttaṃ āhāretīti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Sukho iriyāpathavihāro <span class="bld">phāsuvihāro. Ettakañhi bhuñjitvā…pe… pavattantī</span>ti iriyāpathānaṃ sukhappavattiyā kāraṇabhūtaṃ bhuñjanaṃ pivanañca iriyāpathehi kāraṇabhāvena gahitattā tehi <a name="V0.0180"></a> sādhitaṃ viya vuttaṃ. ‘‘Abhutvā udakaṃ pive’’ti likhanti, ‘‘bhutvānā’’ti pana pāṭho. Punapi hi appasseva anujānanavasena –</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Kappiyaṃ taṃ ce chādeti, cīvaraṃ idamatthikaṃ;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Alaṃ phāsuvihārāya.</p>
<p class="gatha1">‘‘Pallaṅkena nisinnassa, jaṇṇuke nābhivassati;</p>
<p class="gathalast">Alaṃ phāsuvihārāyā’’ti. (theragā. 984-985) –</p>
<p class="unindented">Āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Bhojanānisaṃso</span>ti yathāvuttehi aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhojanassa agarahitabbatā sukhavihāro ca ānisaṃsoti attho. Yuttassa niddosassa bhojanassa parimāṇassa ca vasena jānanaṃ <span class="bld">yuttapamāṇajānanaṃ</span> nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1356"></a><span class="paranum">1356</span>. Vināsaṃ pattiyā naṭṭhā, paṭipakkhehi abhibhūtattā muṭṭhā ca sati yassa, so naṭṭhamuṭṭhassati, tassa bhāvo <span class="bld">naṭṭhamuṭṭhassatitā</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1368"></a><span class="paranum">1368</span>. <span class="bld">Visuddhippatta</span>nti maggaphalasīlaṃ vuccati. <span class="bld">Lokuttaradhammāvā</span>ti lokuttarasatiādidhammāva. Sīlasampadā pana rūpārūpāvacarā natthīti sambhavato yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1373"></a><span class="paranum">1373</span>. Bhogūpakaraṇehi <a name="M0.0188"></a> <span class="bld">sabhogo. Catunnaṃ saccānaṃ anuloma</span>nti catusaccappaṭivedhassa anulomanti attho. ‘‘Saccāna’’nti hi paṭivijjhitabbehi paṭivedho vutto, catusaccappaṭivedhassa vā upanissayabhūtaṃ paṭivijjhitabbānaṃ catunnaṃ saccānaṃ anulomanti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1378"></a><span class="paranum">1378</span>. ‘‘Mama gharaṃ dhuraṃ katvā bhikkhaṃ pavisathā’’ti diyyamānaṃ <span class="bld">dhurabhatta</span>nti vadanti. Niccabhattādi vā aññepi āṇāpetvā sayaṃ dhuraṃ hutvā dinnaṃ <span class="bld">dhurabhattaṃ</span>.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1379"></a><span class="paranum">1379</span>. <span class="bld">Paṭivāseti</span> <a name="V0.0181"></a> <span class="bld">nāmā</span>ti nivatteti nāma osakketi nāma.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1380"></a><span class="paranum">1380</span>. <span class="bld">Pubbe nivutthakkhandhā</span>ti purimajātīsu santatipariyāpanne khandhe āha. <span class="bld">Khandhapaṭibaddha</span>nti vatthābharaṇayānagāmajanapadādi. <span class="bld">Khayasamaye</span>ti maggakkhaṇaṃ āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1381"></a><span class="paranum">1381</span>. <span class="bld">Adhimuccanaṭṭhenā</span>ti aniggahitapakkhandanasaṅkhātena yathāsukhaṃ pavattanaṭṭhena.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1382"></a><span class="paranum">1382</span>. Khīṇānaṃ anto avasānaṃ niṭṭhitabhāvo khīṇanto, khīṇānaṃ vā ādikālo, tasmiṃ <span class="bld">khīṇante</span>. Esa nayo <span class="bld">niruddhante</span>tiādīsu.</p>
<p class="centered">Dukanikkhepakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="centered">Nikkhepakaṇḍavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="chapter">4. Aṭṭhakathākaṇḍaṃ</p>
<p class="title">Tikaatthuddhāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1384"></a><span class="paranum">1384</span>. <span class="bld">Nayamagga</span>nti <a name="M0.0189"></a><a name="V0.0182"></a> suttantabhājanīyādinayagamanaṃ anulomādinayagamanañca. Tampi hi ettha atthesu nicchitesu sukhaṃ samānenti. <span class="bld">Pañhuddhāra</span>nti ekūnapaññāsāya ekūnapaññāsāya navasu navasu ca pañhesu labbhamānassa uddharaṇaṃ, tesuyeva labbhamānānaṃ gaṇanānaṃ ṭhapanaṃ <span class="bld">gaṇanācāro. Atthuddhāra</span>nti ‘‘ime nāma cittuppādādayo atthā kusalādikā’’ti uddharaṇaṃ. <span class="bld">Kaṇṇikaṃ kaṇṇika</span>nti cittuppādakaṇḍarūpakaṇḍesu vibhatte pasaṭe dhamme ‘‘catūsu bhūmīsu kusalaṃ dvādasākusalacittuppādā’’tiādinā rāsirāsivasena saha ganthetvāti attho. Ghaṭagocchakā kaṇṇikavevacanāneva. Ettha pana <span class="bld">catūsu bhūmīsu kusala</span>nti ekavacananiddeso catubhūmakānaṃ kusalaphassādīnaṃ kusalabhāve ekattūpagamanato. Cittuppādakaṇḍarūpakaṇḍesu catubhūmicittuppādādivasena viññātadhammassa vasenāyaṃ atthuddhāradesanā āraddhāti tattha yaṃ catūsu bhūmīsu kusalaṃ vibhattaṃ yāva viññātaṃ, ime dhammā kusalāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadipi kusalattikavitthāro pubbe viññāto, tathāpi tattha dhammā samayavasena phassādisabhāvavasena ca vibhattā bhinnā viññātā, na pana ekasmiṃ lakkhaṇe samānetvā, tasmā tattha vuttaṃ samayādibhedaṃ vajjetvā sabbabhedabhinnānaṃ ekasmiṃ kusalādilakkhaṇe samānetvā bodhanatthaṃ idha kusalattikaniddeso puna vibhatto. Ettha ca ekavacanena kusalaniddesaṃ katvā bahuvacanena nigamanassa kāraṇaṃ vuttameva. Yadi dhammānaṃ kusalatte ekattūpagamanaṃ, kasmā ekavacanena pucchāpi na katā? Uddese kusala-saddassa dhammavisesanabhāvato tabbisesanānaṃ dhammānaṃ pucchitattā tesañca aniddhāritasaṅkhāvisesattā, niddese pana catūhi bhūmīhi vitthārato viññātāhi <a name="V0.0183"></a> kusale visesetvā dassetīti yuttaṃ ‘‘catūsu bhūmīsu kusala’’nti ekattaṃ netvā vacanaṃ. Kusalapadañhi ettha padhānaṃ, tañca visesitabbānapekkhaṃ kusalākārameva attano sabhāve ṭhitaṃ gahetvā pavattamānaṃ ekattameva upādāya pavattati, na bhedanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1385"></a><span class="paranum">1385</span>. <span class="bld">Dvādasa</span> <a name="M0.0190"></a> <span class="bld">akusalacittuppādā</span>ti etthāpi paṭhamākusalacittuppādo samayaphassādivasena bhedaṃ anāmasitvā somanassasahagatadiṭṭhigatasampayuttacittuppādabhāve ekattaṃ netvā vutto, evaṃ yāva dvādasamoti <span class="bld">‘‘dvādasa akusalacittuppādā’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Evaṃ <span class="bld">catūsu bhūmīsu vipāko</span>tiādīsupi yathāyogaṃ yojetabbaṃ. <span class="bld">Cittuppādā</span>ti ettha uppajjati etthāti uppādo, kiṃ uppajjati? Cittaṃ, cittassa uppādo cittuppādoti evaṃ avayavena samudāyopalakkhaṇavasena attho sambhavati. Evañhi sati cittacetasikarāsi cittuppādoti siddho hoti. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana ‘‘cittameva uppādo cittuppādo’’ti aññassuppajjanakassa nivattanatthaṃ cittaggahaṇaṃ kataṃ, cittassa anuppajjanakabhāvanivattanatthaṃ uppādaggahaṇaṃ, cittuppādakaṇḍe vā ‘‘cittaṃ uppannaṃ hotī’’ti cittassa uppajjanakabhāvo pākaṭoti katvā ‘‘cittameva uppādo’’ti vuttaṃ, cittassa anuppajjanakassa nivattetabbassa sabbhāvā uppādaggahaṇaṃ katanti veditabbaṃ. Ayañcattho ‘‘dvepañcaviññāṇānī’’tiādīsu viya cittappadhāno niddesoti katvā vuttoti daṭṭhabbo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1420"></a><span class="paranum">1420</span>. <span class="bld">Chasu dvāresū</span>ti ettha pañcadvāre vattabbameva natthi, manodvārepi parittārammaṇameva javanaṃ tadārammaṇasaṅkhātaṃ bhavaṅgaṃ anubandhati. Tañhi parittassa kammassa vipāko, vipāko ca iṭṭhāniṭṭhārammaṇānubhavanaṃ, kammānurūpo ca vipāko hotīti parittakammavipāko parittārammaṇasseva anubhavanaṃ hoti. Tasmā sabbaṃ tadārammaṇaṃ ‘‘parittārammaṇa’’nti vuttaṃ. Yadi evaṃ mahaggatavipākopi mahaggatānubhavanameva āpajjatīti ce? Na, samādhippadhānassa kammassa appanāppattassa saññāvasārammaṇassa tādiseneva vipākena bhavitabbattā. Tasmā samādhi sukhānubhavanabhūto, sopi kammānurūpatoyeva kammārammaṇo hotīti daṭṭhabbo. Kammānurūpato eva ca tadārammaṇaṃ parittārammaṇampi mahaggatajavanaṃ nānubandhati. Tato eva paṭisandhiādibhūto kāmāvacaravipāko kammanimittampi parittameva ārammaṇaṃ karoti, na mahaggataṃ appamāṇaṃ vā. Yasmā pana vuttaṃ ‘‘mahaggatārammaṇo dhammo parittārammaṇassa dhammassa kammapaccayena paccayo, appamāṇārammaṇo dhammo parittārammaṇassa dhammassa kammapaccayena paccayo’’ti, na ca mahaggatappamāṇavipāko <a name="V0.0184"></a> parittārammaṇo atthi, idha ca sabbakāmāvacaravipākānaṃ parittārammaṇatāva vuttā, tasmā kammānurūpato mahaggatappamāṇārammaṇampi <a name="M0.0191"></a> parittakammaṃ yadi paṭisandhiṃ deti, kammagatinimittārammaṇameva deti. Pavattivipākampi rūpādiparittārammaṇamevāti veditabbaṃ. Khīṇāsavānaṃ vāsanāvasena sativippayuttahasanaṃ pavattamānaṃ parittesveva pavattati, na itaresu kilesavirahe tādisahasanapaccayabhāvābhāvato. Tasmā tassa parittārammaṇatā vuttā. Khīṇāsavānaṃ asakkaccadānādīni ādarākaraṇavaseneva veditabbāni, na kosajjādiakusalavasena. Paṭippassaddhasabbussukkā hi te uttamapurisāti. Tesaṃ ādarākaraṇañca nirussukkatā evāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1421"></a><span class="paranum">1421</span>. <span class="bld">Atipaguṇāna</span>nti vacanaṃ nirādarassa ñāṇavippayuttapaccavekkhaṇassa visayadassanaṃ, na tassevāti visayaniyamanaṃ. Ñāṇasampayuttassapi hi atipaguṇānaṃ visayatā suṭṭhutaraṃ hoti eva. Yathā paguṇaṃ ganthaṃ sajjhāyanto dve tayo vācanāmagge gatepi na sallakkheti ñāṇavippayuttasatimantena sajjhāyitattā, evaṃ paguṇajjhānesupi pavatti hotīti āha <span class="bld">‘‘atipaguṇāna’’</span>ntiādi. <span class="bld">Kasiṇanimittādipaññattī</span>ti pubbe dassitaṃ sabbaṃ upādāpaññattimāha. Taṃ pana rūpādayo viya avijjamāno vijjamāno ca atthoti ācariyā vadanti. Sammutisacce pana vuccamānānaṃ kasiṇanimittādi vācāvatthumattato vacanavohāreneva paññattīti vuccati. Tassa hi paññāpanaṃ avijjamānapaññattīti tassa avijjamānattaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttanti. Avijjamānampi pana taṃ vijjamānamiva gahetvā pavattamānāya saññāya parittādīsu ‘‘ayaṃ nāma dhammo ārammaṇa’’nti na sakkā vattuṃ te eva dhamme upādāya pavattamānāyapi dhammesveva aṭṭhānato. Tasmā sā sasampayuttā parittādiārammaṇāti na vattabbāti vuttā. <span class="bld">Navattabbārammaṇā</span>ti idaṃ pana vacanaṃ yathāgahitākārassa saññāvisayassa navattabbataṃ sandhāya navattabbaṃ ārammaṇaṃ etesanti navattabbārammaṇā, cittuppādāti aññapadatthasamāsaṃ katvā aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Catupaññāsacittuppādānaṃ rūpassa ca vasena <span class="bld">pañcapaṇṇāsāya. Kevala</span>nti vinā parāmasanena. <span class="bld">Aniṭṭhaṅgatavasenā</span>ti anicchayagamanavasena, anicchayaṃ vā dveḷhaṃ gato cittuppādo aniṭṭhaṅgato, tenākārena pavatti <span class="bld">‘‘aniṭṭhaṅgatavasena pavattī’’</span>ti vuttā. Nānārammaṇesu cittassa vikkhipanaṃ <a name="V0.0185"></a> <span class="bld">vikkhepo</span>. Anavaṭṭhānaṃ <span class="bld">avūpasamo</span>. Gotrabhuvodāne gotrabhūti gahetvā <span class="bld">‘‘gotrabhukāle’’</span>ti āha.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sabbatthapādakacatuttha</span>nti <a name="M0.0192"></a> idha <span class="bld">sabbattha</span>-saddo sāmiattho daṭṭhabbo, sabbesu vā vipassanādīsu pādakaṃ kāraṇaṃ sabbatthapādakanti phalassa visayabhāvena niddeso. <span class="bld">Ākāsakasiṇacatuttha</span>nti paricchedākāsakasiṇacatutthamāha. Tañhi rūpāvacaraṃ, na itaranti. <span class="bld">Kusalatopi dvādasavidhaṃ kiriyatopī</span>ti catuvīsatividhatā vuttā hoti. <span class="bld">Vaṭṭassapi pādakaṃ hotiyevā</span>ti kusalaṃ kiriyañca ekato katvā sabbatthapādakaṃ vuttanti kiriyajjhānassa avaṭṭapādakattā sāsaṅkaṃ vadati. <span class="bld">Mahaggatacitte samodahatī</span>ti idaṃ ‘‘so evaṃ samāhite citte’’tiādinā nayena vuttaṃ pākaṭaṃ pādakajjhānacittaṃ parikammehi gahetvā citte rūpakāyaṃ adhiṭṭhānacittena samodahatīti katvā vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Pādakajjhānacittaṃ rūpakāye samodahatī</span>ti idampi yathāvuttaṃ pādakajjhānacittaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā cittasantānaṃ rūpakāye samodahitaṃ tadanugatikaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhātīti katvā vuttaṃ, idaṃ pana adhiṭṭhānadvayaṃ adissamānakāyataṃ dissamānakāyatañca āpādeti. Gantukāmatāparikammavasena taṃsampayuttāya saññāya sukhasaññālahusaññābhāvato gamanampi nipphādetīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Sotāpannassa citta</span>nti sotāpannassa pāṭipuggalikaṃ maggaphalacittanti veditabbaṃ. Mārādīnañhi bhagavato cittajānanaṃ vuttanti cetopariyañāṇalābhī kasmā sāsavacittaṃ na jānissatīti. <span class="bld">Chinnavaṭumakā</span> chinnasaṃsāravaṭṭā buddhā. <span class="bld">Maggaphalanibbānapaccavekkhaṇatopī</span>ti ettha maggaphalapaccavekkhaṇāni tāva pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇena maggaphalesu ñātesu pavattanti, nibbānapaccavekkhaṇañca nibbānārammaṇesu appamāṇadhammesu ñātesūti maggādipaccavekkhaṇāni pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇassa appamāṇārammaṇataṃ sādhentīti veditabbāni. ‘‘Appamāṇā khandhā pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇassa ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’icceva (paṭṭhā. 2.12.58) hi vuttaṃ, na nibbānanti. Tasmā pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇena eva maggaphalapaccavekkhaṇakicce vuccamānepi nibbānapaccavekkhaṇatā na sakkā vattuṃ, aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana tassapi nibbānārammaṇatā anuññātāti dissati. <span class="bld">Kāmāvacarenibbattissatī</span>ti nibbattakkhandhajānanamāha. <span class="bld">Nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyissatī</span>ti nibbānārammaṇehi maggaphalehi kilesaparinibbānabhūtehi parinibbāyissatīti attho sambhavati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1429"></a><span class="paranum">1429</span>. <span class="bld">Asahajātattā</span>ti <a name="M0.0193"></a><a name="V0.0186"></a> asampayuttattāti attho. Na hi arūpadhammānaṃ arūpadhammehi sahajātatā sampayogato aññā atthīti. <span class="bld">‘‘Aññadhammārammaṇakāle’’</span>ti vuttaṃ, maggārammaṇakālepi pana garuṃ akaraṇe maggādhipatibhāvena navattabbatā yojetabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1433"></a><span class="paranum">1433</span>. <span class="bld">Niyogā</span>ti niyogatoti imamatthaṃ sandhāya <span class="bld">‘‘niyamenā’’</span>ti āha, niyogavanto vā <span class="bld">niyogā,</span> niyatāti attho. Cittuppādakaṇḍe hi bodhitesu cittuppādesu ekantena anāgatārammaṇo koci natthīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1434"></a><span class="paranum">1434</span>. <span class="bld">Kammaṃ vā kammanimittaṃ vā ārabbha pavattiyaṃ atītārammaṇāvā</span>ti vuttaṃ, kammanimittaṃ pana ārabbha pavattiyaṃ paccuppannārammaṇabhāvañca paṭisandhiyā <span class="bld">paṭiccasamuppādavibhaṅgavaṇṇanāyaṃ</span> vakkhati. Tasmā idaṃ manodvāracutiyaṃ atītakammanimittaṃ manodvāre āpāthagataṃ sandhāya vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Satadārammaṇāya cutiyā pañcacittakkhaṇāvasiṭṭhāyuke gatinimitte paṭisandhiyā pavattāya cattāri bhavaṅgāni paccuppannārammaṇāni, itarattha ca cha sandhāyāha <span class="bld">‘‘tato paraṃ bhavaṅgakāle cā’’</span>ti. Yadā hi gatinimittārammaṇe javane pavatte anuppanne eva tadārammaṇe cuti hoti rūpāvacarārūpāvacarasattassa viya kāmadhātuṃ upapajjantassa, tadā paṭisandhito parāni cha bhavaṅgāni paccuppannārammaṇāni hontīti. Diṭṭhisampayuttehi assādanādīni saparāmāsāneva daṭṭhabbāni. <span class="bld">Paṇṇattinibbānārammaṇānañca javanānaṃ purecārikakāle</span>ti yesaṃ purecārikakāle ekantena āvajjanāya atītādiārammaṇabhāvena navattabbatā, tesaṃ vasena nayaṃ dasseti. Nibbānārammaṇānampi javanānaṃ purecārikakāle sā tathā na vattabbā, na pana ekantena maggaphalavīthīsu tassā anibbānārammaṇattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Ime gandhā</span>ti nanu paccuppannā gandhā gahitā, kathaṃ ettha anāgatārammaṇatā hotīti? ‘‘Aṭṭhārasavassādhikāni dve vassasatāni mā sussiṃsū’’ti pavattito, anāgate mā sussiṃ sūti hi anāgataṃ gandhaṃ gahetvā pavattatīti adhippāyo. Cittavasena kāyaṃ pariṇāmento abhimukhībhūtaṃ tadā vijjamānameva kāyaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karotīti paccuppannārammaṇaṃ adhiṭṭhānacittaṃ hoti. Tathā attano kāyassa dīgharassāṇuthūlanīlādibhāvāpādanavasena aññassa ca pāṭihāriyassa karaṇe yojetabbaṃ<a name="M0.0194"></a>. <span class="bld">Etthantare ekadvesantativārā veditabbā</span>ti etthantare pavattā rūpasantatiarūpasantativārā ekadvesantativārā <a name="V0.0187"></a> nāmāti veditabbāti attho. Atiparittasabhāvautuādisamuṭṭhānā vā ‘‘ekadvesantativārā’’ti vuttā. <span class="bld">Ubhayametaṃ paccuppanna</span>nti addhāpaccuppannaṃ hontaṃ etaṃ ubhayaṃ hotīti attho. <span class="bld">Saṃhīratī</span>ti taṇhādiṭṭhābhinandanāhi ākaḍḍhīyati.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Kecī</span>ti abhayagirivāsinoti vadanti, te pana cittassa ṭhitikkhaṇaṃ na icchantīti ‘‘ṭhitikkhaṇe vā paṭivijjhatī’’ti na vattabbaṃ siyā. Tathā ye ‘‘iddhimassa ca parassa ca ekakkhaṇe vattamānaṃ cittaṃ uppajjatī’’ti vadanti, tesaṃ ‘‘ṭhitikkhaṇe vā bhaṅgakkhaṇe vā paṭivijjhatī’’ti vacanaṃ na sameti. Na hi tasmiṃ khaṇadvaye uppajjamānaṃ paracittena saha ekakkhaṇe uppajjati nāmāti. Ṭhitibhaṅgakkhaṇesu ca uppajjamānaṃ ekadesaṃ paccuppannārammaṇaṃ, ekadesaṃ atītārammaṇaṃ āpajjati. Yañca vuttaṃ ‘‘parassa cittaṃ jānissāmīti rāsivasena mahājanassa citte āvajjite’’ti, ettha ca mahājano attanā pare aneke puggalāti paresaṃ cittaṃ jānissāmīti āvajjanappavatti vattabbā siyā. Athāpi <span class="bld">parassā</span>ti mahājanassāti attho sambhaveyya, tathāpi tassa puggalasseva vā cittarāsiṃ āvajjitvā ekassa paṭivijjhanaṃ ayuttaṃ. Na hi rāsiāvajjanaṃ ekadesāvajjanaṃ hotīti. Tasmā tehi ‘‘mahājanassa citte āvajjite’’tiādi na vattabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yaṃ pana te vadanti ‘‘yasmā iddhimassa ca parassa ca ekakkhaṇe cittaṃ uppajjatī’’ti, tatthāyaṃ adhippāyo siyā – cetopariyañāṇalābhī parassa cittaṃ ñātukāmo pādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya atītādivibhāgaṃ akatvā cittasāmaññena ‘‘imassa cittaṃ jānāmī’’ti parikammaṃ katvā puna pādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya sāmaññeneva cittaṃ āvajjitvā tiṇṇaṃ catunnaṃ vā parikammānaṃ anantarā cetopariyañāṇena paracittaṃ paṭivijjhati vibhāveti rūpaṃ viya dibbacakkhunā. Tato paraṃ pana kāmāvacaracittehi sarāgādivavatthānaṃ hoti nīlādivavatthānaṃ viya. Tattha dibbacakkhunā diṭṭhahadayavatthurūpassa sattassa abhimukhībhūtassa cittasāmaññena cittaṃ āvajjayamānaṃ āvajjanaṃ abhimukhībhūtaṃ vijjamānaṃ cittaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā cittaṃ āvajjeti. Parikammāni ca taṃ taṃ vijjamānaṃ cittaṃ cittasāmaññeneva ārammaṇaṃ <a name="M0.0195"></a> katvā cittajānanaparikammāni hutvā pavattanti. Cetopariyañāṇaṃ pana vijjamānaṃ cittaṃ paṭivijjhantaṃ vibhāventaṃ tena saha ekakkhaṇe eva uppajjati. Tattha yasmā santānassa santānaggahaṇato ekattavasena āvajjanādīni cittantveva pavattāni, tañca cittameva, yaṃ cetopariyañāṇena <a name="V0.0188"></a> vibhāvitaṃ, tasmā samānākārappavattito na aniṭṭhe maggaphalavīthito aññasmiṃ ṭhāne nānārammaṇatā āvajjanajavanānaṃ hoti. Paccuppannārammaṇañca parikammaṃ paccuppannārammaṇassa cetopariyañāṇassa āsevanapaccayoti siddhaṃ hoti. Atītattiko ca evaṃ abhinno hoti. Aññathā santatipaccuppanne addhāpaccuppanne ca paccuppannanti idha vuccamāne atītānāgatānañca paccuppannatā āpajjeyya, tathā ca sati ‘‘paccuppanno dhammo paccuppannassa dhammassa anantarapaccayena paccayo’’tiādi vattabbaṃ siyā, na ca taṃ vuttaṃ. ‘‘Atīto dhammo paccuppannassa dhammassa anantarapaccayena paccayo, purimā purimā atītā khandhā pacchimānaṃ pacchimānaṃ paccuppannānaṃ khandhānaṃ anantara…pe… anulomaṃ gotrabhussā’’tiādivacanato (paṭṭhā. 2.18.5) pana addhāsantatipaccuppannesveva anantarātītā cattāro khandhā atītāti viññāyanti, na ca abhidhammamātikāya āgatassa paccuppannapadassa addhāsantatipaccuppannapadatthatā katthaci pāḷiyaṃ vuttā. Tasmā tehi iddhimassa ca parassa ca ekakkhaṇe cittuppattiyā cetopariyañāṇassa paccuppannārammaṇatā vuttā. Yadā pana ‘‘yaṃ imassa cittaṃ pavattaṃ, taṃ jānāmi. Yaṃ bhavissati, taṃ jānissāmī’’ti vā ābhogaṃ katvā pādakajjhānasamāpajjanādīni karoti, tadā āvajjanaparikammāni cetopariyañāṇañca atītānāgatārammaṇāneva honti āvajjaneneva vibhāgassa katattā.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Ye pana ‘‘iddhimā parassa cittaṃ jānitukāmo āvajjeti, āvajjanaṃ khaṇapaccuppannaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā teneva saha nirujjhati, tato cattāri pañca vā javanāni. Yesaṃ pacchimaṃ iddhicittaṃ, sesāni kāmāvacarāni, tesaṃ sabbesampi tadeva niruddhaṃ cittamārammaṇaṃ hoti, na ca tāni nānārammaṇāni honti, addhāvasena paccuppannārammaṇattā’’ti idaṃ vacanaṃ nissāya ‘‘āvajjanajavanānaṃ paccuppannātītārammaṇabhāvepi nānārammaṇattābhāvo viya ekadviticatupañcacittakkhaṇānāgatesupi cittesu āvajjitesu āvajjanajavanānaṃ yathāsambhavaṃ anāgatapaccuppannātītārammaṇabhāvepi nānārammaṇatā na <a name="M0.0196"></a> siyā, tena catupañcacittakkhaṇānāgate āvajjite anāgatārammaṇaparikammānantaraṃ khaṇapaccuppannārammaṇaṃ cetopariyañāṇaṃ siddha’’nti vadanti, tesaṃ vādo ‘‘anāgatārammaṇo dhammo paccuppannārammaṇassa dhammassa āsevanapaccayena paccayo, paccuppannārammaṇo dhammo atītārammaṇassa dhammassa āsevanapaccayena paccayo’’ti imesaṃ pañhānaṃ anuddhaṭattā gaṇanāya ca ‘‘āsevane tīṇī’’ti vuttattā na sijjhati. Na hi kusalakiriyamahaggataṃ anāsevanaṃ atthīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Etassa <a name="V0.0189"></a> ca vādassa nissayabhāvo āvajjanajavanānaṃ khaṇapaccuppannaniruddhārammaṇatāvacanassa na sijjhati, yaṃ pavattaṃ yaṃ pavattissatīti vā visesaṃ akatvā gahaṇe āvajjanassa anāgataggahaṇabhāvaṃ, tadabhāvā javanānampi vattamānaggahaṇābhāvañca sandhāyeva tassa vuttattā. Tadā hi bhavaṅgacalanānantaraṃ abhimukhībhūtameva cittaṃ ārabbha āvajjanā pavattatīti. Jānanacittassapi vattamānārammaṇabhāve āvajjanajānanacittānaṃ sahaṭṭhānadosāpattiyā rāsiekadesāvajjanapaṭivedhe sampattasampattāvajjanajānane ca aniṭṭhe ṭhāne āvajjanajavanānaṃ nānārammaṇabhāvadosāpattiyā ca yaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘khaṇapaccuppannaṃ cittaṃ cetopariyañāṇassa ārammaṇaṃ hotī’’ti, taṃ ayuttanti paṭikkhipitvā yathāvuttadosānāpattikālavaseneva addhāsantatipaccuppannārammaṇattā nānārammaṇatābhāvaṃ disvā āvajjanajavanānaṃ vattamānataṃ niruddhārammaṇabhāvo vuttoti, tampi vacanaṃ purimavādino nānujāneyyuṃ. Tasmiñhi sati āvajjanā kusalānantiādīsu viya aññapadasaṅgahitassa anantarapaccayavidhānato ‘‘paccuppannārammaṇā āvajjanā atītārammaṇānaṃ khandhānaṃ anantarapaccayena paccayo’’ti vattabbaṃ siyā, na ca vuttanti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kasmā panevaṃ cetopariyañāṇassa paccuppannārammaṇatā vicāritā, nanu ‘‘atīto dhammo paccuppannassa dhammassa, anāgato dhammo paccuppannassa dhammassa ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti etesaṃ vibhaṅgesu ‘‘atītā khandhā iddhividhañāṇassacetopariyañāṇassa pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇassa yathākammūpagañāṇassa āvajjanāya ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 2.18.2), ‘‘anāgatā khandhā iddhividhañāṇassa cetopariyañāṇassa anāgataṃsañāṇassa āvajjanāya ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 2.17.3-4), uppannattike ca ‘‘anuppannākhandhā, uppādino <a name="M0.0197"></a> khandhā iddhividhañāṇassa cetopariyañāṇassa anāgataṃsañāṇassa āvajjanāya ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti cetopariyañāṇaggahaṇaṃ katvā ‘‘paccuppanno dhammo paccuppannassā’’ti etassa vibhaṅge ‘‘paccuppannā khandhā iddhividhañāṇassa āvajjanāya ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 2.18.3), uppannattike ca ‘‘uppannā khandhā iddhividhañāṇassa āvajjanāya ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 2.17.2) ettakasseva vuttattā ‘‘paccuppannacitte cetopariyañāṇaṃ nappavattatī’’ti viññāyati. Yadi hi pavatteyya, purimesu viya itaresu ca cetopariyañāṇaggahaṇaṃ kattabbaṃ siyāti? Saccaṃ kattabbaṃ, nayadassanavasena panetaṃ saṃkhittanti aññāya pāḷiyā viññāyati. ‘‘Atītārammaṇo dhammo paccuppannārammaṇassa <a name="V0.0190"></a> dhammassa ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo (paṭṭhā. 2.19.20), anāgatārammaṇo dhammo paccuppannārammaṇassa. Paccuppannārammaṇo dhammo paccuppannārammaṇassā’’ti (paṭṭhā. 2.19.22) etesañhi vibhaṅgesu ‘‘cetopariyañāṇena atītārammaṇapaccuppannacittasamaṅgissa cittaṃ jānāti. Atītārammaṇā paccuppannā khandhā cetopariyañāṇassa āvajjanāya ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 2.19.22), ‘‘cetopariyañāṇena anāgatārammaṇapaccuppannacittasamaṅgissa cittaṃ…pe… cetopariyañāṇena paccuppannārammaṇapaccuppannacittasamaṅgissa cittaṃ jānāti. Paccuppannārammaṇā paccuppannā khandhā cetopariyañāṇassa āvajjanāya ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 2.19.21) cetopariyañāṇassa paccuppannārammaṇe pavatti vuttāti. Tenevāyaṃ vicāraṇā katāti veditabbā.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Tesa</span>nti tesu dvīsu ñāṇesūti niddhāraṇe sāmivacanaṃ. <span class="bld">Kusalā khandhā</span>ti iddhividhapubbenivāsānāgataṃsañāṇāpekkho bahuvacananiddeso, na cetopariyañāṇayathākammūpagañāṇāpekkhoti. Tesaṃ catukkhandhārammaṇabhāvassa asādhakoti ce? Na, aññattha ‘‘avitakkavicāramattā khandhā ca vicāro ca cetopariyañāṇassa pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇassa anāgataṃsañāṇassa ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 2.6.72) ‘‘savitakkasavicārā khandhā ca vitakko ca cetopariyañāṇassa pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇassa anāgataṃsañāṇassa ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 2.6.69) ca vuttattā cetopariyañāṇāpekkhopi bahuvacananiddesoti imassatthassa siddhito. Evamapi <a name="M0.0198"></a> yathākammūpagañāṇassa ‘‘avitakkavicāramattā khandhā ca vicāro cā’’tiādīsu avuttattā catukkhandhārammaṇatā na sijjhatīti? Na, tattha avacanassa aññakāraṇattā. Yathākammūpagañāṇena hi kammasaṃsaṭṭhā cattāro khandhā kammappamukhena gayhanti. Tañhi yathā cetopariyañāṇaṃ purimaparikammavasena savitakkādivibhāgaṃ sarāgādivibhāgañca cittaṃ vibhāveti, na evaṃ savibhāgaṃ vibhāveti, kammavaseneva pana samudāyaṃ vibhāvetīti ‘‘avitakkavicāramattā khandhā ca vicāro cā’’tiādike vibhāgakaraṇe taṃ na vuttaṃ, na catukkhandhānārammaṇatoti. Idaṃ pana avacanassa kāraṇanti. Keci tatthāpi ‘‘pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇassa yathākammūpagañāṇassa anāgataṃsañāṇassā’’ti paṭhanti eva. Na hi taṃ kusalākusalavibhāgaṃ viya savitakkādivibhāgaṃ kammaṃ vibhāvetuṃ asamatthaṃ. Duccaritasucaritabhāvavibhāvanampi hi lobhādialobhādisampayogavisesavibhāvanaṃ hotīti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1435"></a><span class="paranum">1435</span>. <span class="bld">Niyakajjhattapariyāyassa</span> <a name="V0.0191"></a> <span class="bld">abhāvenā</span>ti sabhāvadhammattā kenaci pariyāyena niyakajjhattaṃ ahontaṃ sabbathā bahiddhābhāveneva ‘‘ekantabahiddhā’’ti vuttaṃ, na asabhāvadhammattā bahiddhāpi ahontaṃ kasiṇādi viya <span class="bld">niyakajjhattamattassa asambhavato</span>. Asabhāvadhammattā eva hi kasiṇādiajjhattadhammabhūto ca koci bhāvo na hotīti ajjhattattike na vuttanti adhippāyo. Taṃ sabbaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanādi atītārammaṇattike ‘‘navattabbārammaṇa’’nti vuttanti sambandho. Ettha ca <span class="bld">vutta</span>nti anuññātattā vacanatoti etehi kāraṇehi pakāsitanti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Idāni ta</span>nti ‘‘etañhi ākiñcaññāyatana’’nti vuttaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ <span class="bld">taṃ</span>-saddena ākaḍḍhitvā vadati. Yo panāyamettha attho vutto ‘‘ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ ekampi idha vuccamānaṃ atītārammaṇattike tena sahekārammaṇatampi sandhāya kāmāvacarakusalādīnaṃ navattabbārammaṇatāya vuttattā idhāpi tesaṃ navattabbārammaṇabhāvaṃ dīpetīti katvā tasmiṃ vutte tānipi vuttāneva honti, tasmā visuṃ na vuttānī’’ti, tamaññe nānujānanti. Na hi īdisaṃ lesavacanaṃ aṭṭhakathākaṇḍe atthi. Yadi siyā, parittārammaṇattike yesaṃ samānārammaṇānaṃ parittādiārammaṇatā navattabbatā ca vuttā. Puna atītārammaṇattike tesu ekameva vatvā aññaṃ na vattabbaṃ siyā. Tathā vedanāttike samānavedanānaṃ yesaṃ sukhāya vedanāya sampayuttatā <a name="M0.0199"></a> vuttā, tesu ekameva pītittike sukhasahagataniddese vatvā aññaṃ na vattabbaṃ siyā. Evaṃ upekkhāsahagataniddesādīsu yojetabbaṃ. Lesena pana vinā aṭṭhakathākaṇḍe atthuddhārassa katattā ākiñcaññāyatanassa viya kāmāvacarakusalādīnampi ajjhattārammaṇattike navattabbatāya sati tānipi navattabbānīti vattabbāni, na pana vuttāni. Tasmā abhāvanāsāmaññepi yāya abhāvanāniṭṭhappavattiyā ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ pavattamānaṃ navattabbaṃ jātaṃ, tassā pavattiyā abhāvena tāni navattabbānīti na vuttāni. Gahaṇavisesanimmitāneva hi kasiṇādīni sabhāvato avijjamānānīti tadārammaṇānaṃ bahiddhāgahaṇavasena bahiddhārammaṇatā vuttā. Ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ pana na bahiddhāgahaṇabhāvena pavattati, nāpi ajjhattaggahaṇabhāvena pavattatīti navattabbanti vuttaṃ. Yena pana gahaṇākārena ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ pavattati, na tena sabbaññutaññāṇampi pavattati. Yadi pavatteyya, tampi ākiñcaññāyatanameva bhaveyya. Yathā hi kilesānaṃ gocaraṃ pavattivisesañca sabbaṃ jānantaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ na yathā te gaṇhanti, tathā gaṇhāti tassapi kilesabhāvāpattito, evaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanassa ca pavattanākāraṃ yathāsabhāvato jānantaṃ taṃ ākiñcaññāyatanamiva na gaṇhāti<a name="V0.0192"></a>, kimaṅgaṃ pana aññanti. Tena kāmāvacarakusalānaṃ navattabbatā na vuttāti. Ayaṃ ‘‘ākiñcaññāyatanassa visayabhūto apagamo nāma eko attho atthī’’ti anicchantānaṃ ācariyānaṃ vinicchayo.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Vipākaṃ pana na kassaci ārammaṇaṃ hotī</span>ti vipākaṃ ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ vipākādīsu viññāṇañcāyatanesu na kassaci ārammaṇaṃ hotīti attho, tathā ākiñcaññāyatanañca nevasaññānāsaññāyatanassa. Yathā hi vipākattike vipākadhammadhammanevavipākanavipākadhammadhammamūlakesu pañhesu ‘‘ākāsānañcāyatanakusalaṃ viññāṇañcāyatanakusalassa ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo, ākiñcaññāyatanakusalaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanakusalassa, tathā vipākassa kiriyassa. Ākāsānañcāyatanakiriyaṃ viññāṇañcāyatanakiriyassa. Ākiñcaññāyatanakiriyaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanakiriyassa ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 1.1.406, 410) vuttaṃ, na <a name="M0.0200"></a> tathā vipākadhammamūlakesu ‘‘ākāsānañcāyatanaākiñcaññāyatanavipākā viññāṇañcāyatananevasaññānāsaññāyatanavipākakusalakiriyānaṃ ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti vuttā. <span class="bld">Vipākato vuṭṭhahitvā cittassa abhinīhārāsambhavato</span>ti vipākaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā abhinīhārāsambhavatoti attho. Vipākassa hi ārammaṇaṃ katvā natthi abhinīhāroti.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Attano khandhādīnī</span>ti arūpakkhandhe ‘‘khandhā’’ti gahetvā <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena rūpaṃ gaṇhāti. Ajjhattaṃ vā gayhamānaṃ ahanti paññattiṃ <span class="bld">ādi</span>-saddena gaṇhāti. Esa nayo paresaṃ khandhādiggahaṇe ca. Puna paññattiggahaṇena kasiṇavihārādianindriyabaddhupādāyapaññattimāha. <span class="bld">Ādi</span>-saddena vā ahaṃ paraṃ paṇṇattiggahaṇe sabbaṃ upādāyapaññattiṃ. Kammādīsu kammaṃ ajjhattaṃ, kammanimittaṃ ubhayaṃ, gatinimittaṃ bahiddhāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Attano sarīre eva kimi hutvā nibbattamānassa gatinimittampi ajjhattaṃ siyā. <span class="bld">Mallikāya</span> kummāsaṃ dadamānāya rañño aggamahesiṭṭhānalābhaṃ, <span class="bld">santatimahāmattassa</span> hatthikkhandhagatassa arahattappattiṃ, <span class="bld">sumanamālākārassa</span> ca pupphamuṭṭhinā pūjentassa paccekabodhisacchikiriyaṃ nissāya bhagavā sitaṃ pātvākāsi.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><span class="bld">Imasmiṃ tike okāsaṃ labhantī</span>ti parittārammaṇātītārammaṇattikesu aladdhokāsāni navattabbānīti vuttāni, idha pana navattabbāni na honti, ajjhattādīsu ekārammaṇataṃ labhantīti attho. Etāni hi pañca sabbatthapādakākāsālokakasiṇacatutthānaṃ kasiṇārammaṇattā, brahmavihāracatutthassa <a name="V0.0193"></a> paññattiārammaṇattā, ānāpānacatutthassa nimittārammaṇattā <span class="bld">bahiddhārammaṇānī</span>ti. <span class="bld">Sakāyacittāna</span>nti sakakāyacittānaṃ, tena payojanaṃ natthi, tasmā na taṃ ajjhattārammaṇanti attho. <span class="bld">Anindriyabaddhassa vā rūpassā</span>ti ettha ‘‘tissannaṃ vā paññattīna’’nti idampi <span class="bld">vā</span>-saddena āharitabbaṃ, nayadassanaṃ vā etaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Īdise hi kāle bahiddhārammaṇanti.</p>
<p class="centered">Tikaatthuddhāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="title">Dukaatthuddhāravaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1473"></a><span class="paranum">1473</span>. <span class="bld">Māno</span> <a name="M0.0201"></a> <span class="bld">…pe… ekadhāvā</span>ti idaṃ avuttappakāradassanavasena vuttaṃ, aññathā māno kāmarāgāvijjāsaññojanehi ekato uppajjatīti dvidhāti vattabbo siyā. Esa nayo bhavarāgādīsu. <span class="bld">Tathā vicikicchā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">tathā</span>ti etassa ekadhāvāti attho.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1511"></a><span class="paranum">1511</span>. <span class="bld">Sasaṅkhārikesū</span>ti idaṃ kāmacchandanīvaraṇassa tīhi nīvaraṇehi saddhiṃ uppajjanaṭṭhānadassanamattaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, na niyamato tattha tassa tehi uppattidassanatthaṃ thinamiddhassa aniyatattā. <span class="bld">Heṭṭhimaparicchedenā</span>ti uddhaccassa sabbākusale uppajjanato uddhaccasahagate dve, aññesu thinamiddhakukkuccavirahe tīṇi heṭṭhimantato uppajjantīti katvā ‘‘dve tīṇī’’ti vuttanti attho. Yattakānaṃ pana ekato uppattiyaṃ nīvaraṇā ceva nīvaraṇasampayuttā cāti ayamattho sambhavati, heṭṭhimantena tesaṃ dassanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘dve’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. Tato uddhampi pavattiyaṃ ayamattho sambhavati evāti dassanatthaṃ <span class="bld">‘‘tīṇī’’</span>ti vuttaṃ. <span class="bld">Dve tīṇī</span>ti ca dve vā tīṇi vāti aniyamaniddesoti cattāri vā pañca vātipi viññāyati. Yattha sahuppatti, tattha nīvaraṇā ceva nīvaraṇasampayuttā ca hontīti etassa vā lakkhaṇassa dassanametanti. Yattha cattāri pañca ca uppajjanti, tattha cāyamattho sādhito hoti. Evañca katvā kilesagocchake ca ‘‘dve tayo’’ti vuttaṃ. Lakkhaṇadassanavasena hi kilesā ceva kilesasampayuttā ca vuttā, na sabbesaṃ sambhavantānaṃ sarūpena dassanavasenāti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Yadi <a name="V0.0194"></a> uddhaccaṃ sabbākusale uppajjati, kasmā vuttaṃ ‘‘uddhaccanīvaraṇaṃ uddhaccasahagate cittuppāde uppajjatī’’ti? Suttante vuttesu pañcasu nīvaraṇesu aññanīvaraṇarahitassa uddhaccassa visayavisesadassanatthaṃ. Chaṭṭhaṃ pana nīvaraṇaṃ abhidhamme itarehi sahagatanti tassa aññanīvaraṇarahitassa na koci visayaviseso atthi, attanā sahagatehi vinā uppajjanaṭṭhānābhāvā tadupalakkhitassa cittuppādassa abhāvā ca nattheva visayaviseso, tasmā ‘‘taṃ sabbākusale uppajjatī’’ti vuttaṃ. Uddhaccasahagato pana vuttacittuppādo sesadhammānaṃ uddhaccānuvattanabhāvena tadupalakkhito uddhaccassa visayaviseso, tasmā sabbākusale uppajjamānaṃ uddhaccaṃ sāmaññena ‘‘uddhaccanīvaraṇa’’nti <a name="M0.0202"></a> gahetvāpi taṃ attano visayavisesena pakāsetuṃ ‘‘uddhaccasahagate cittuppāde uppajjatī’’ti āha. Evañca pakāsanaṃ visayavisesesu lobhadomanassasahagatasasaṅkhārikavicikicchuddhaccasahagatesu pañca nīvaraṇāni vavatthapetvā tesaṃ byāpakabhāvena chaṭṭhaṃ pakāsetuṃ katanti veditabbaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Keci pana ‘‘uddhaccasahagateti sāmaññena sabbaṃ uddhaccaṃ ‘uddhacca’nti gahetvā tena sahagate cittuppāde’’ti vadanti, ayaṃ panattho na bahumato dvādasamacittuppādassa viya sabbākusalacittuppādānaṃ uddhaccena anupalakkhitattā, sati ca upalakkhitatte ‘‘aṭṭhasu lobhasahagatesū’’tiādīsu viya aññesaṃ cittuppādānaṃ nivattanatthaṃ ‘‘dvādasasu uddhaccasahagatesū’’ti vattabbattā. Uddhaccānupalakkhitattā pana sabbākusalānaṃ avijjānīvaraṇaṃ viya idampi ‘‘sabbākusalesu uppajjatī’’ti vattabbaṃ siyā, na pana vuttaṃ, tasmā vuttanayeneva attho veditabbo. Yasmā ca avijjānīvaraṇaṃ viya uddhaccanīvaraṇañca sabbākusalesu uppajjati, tasmā nikkhepakaṇḍe ‘‘kāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ uddhaccanīvaraṇena nīvaraṇañceva nīvaraṇasampayuttañcā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tena ekasmiṃyeva cittuppāde uddhaccanīvaraṇaṃ uppajjatīti aggahetvā adhippāyo maggitabboti.</p>
<p class="bodytext">Kilesagocchake lobhādīni dasa kilesavatthūni iminā anukkamena idheva abhidhamme āgatāni. Tasmā idheva vuttassa uddhaccakilesassa attanā saha vuttehi kilesehi rahitassa visayaviseso natthīti visayavisesena pakāsanaṃ akatvā ‘‘uddhaccañca ahirikañca anottappañca sabbākusalesu uppajjatī’’ti vuttaṃ. Kilesā ceva saṃkiliṭṭhapadaniddese yasmā saṃkiliṭṭhapadaṃ kilesasampayuttapadena asamānatthaṃ kevalaṃ malena upatāpitataṃ vibādhitatañca dīpeti<a name="V0.0195"></a>, tasmā kilesā ceva kilesasampayuttapadaniddesena samānaṃ niddesaṃ akatvā ‘‘teva kilesā kilesā ceva saṃkiliṭṭhā cā’’ti vuttaṃ.</p>
<p class="bodytext"><a name="para1577"></a><span class="paranum">1577</span>. <span class="bld">Dve tayo kilesā</span>ti ettha <span class="bld">‘‘dve tayo</span>ti hetugocchakādīsu vuttādhikāravasena ruḷhiyā vutta’’nti keci vadanti. Yadi atthaṃ anapekkhitvā ruḷhiyā vucceyya, ganthagocchake ca ‘‘yattha dve tayo ganthā <a name="M0.0203"></a> ekato uppajjantī’’ti vattabbaṃ siyā. Yañca vadanti ‘‘yattha dve tayo aññehi ekato uppajjantīti imassatthassa sambhavato ekato-saddo kilesagocchake sātthako, na hetugocchakādīsu tena vināpi adhippāyavijānanato’’ti, tampi na, hetugocchakādīsupi nānāuppattiyaṃ hetū ceva hetusampayuttādiggahaṇanivāraṇatthattā ekato-saddassa, tasmā ruḷhīanvatthakathāropanañca vajjetvā yathāvutteneva nayena attho veditabboti. <span class="bld">Lobho chadhā</span>tiādinā lobhapaṭighamohānaṃ aññehi ekato uppattidassaneneva tesampi lobhādīhi ekato uppatti dassitāti veditabbā. Sesaṃ uttānatthamevāti.</p>
<p class="centered">Aṭṭhakathākaṇḍavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p>
<p class="gatha1">Cattāri ca sahassāni, puna tīṇi satāni ca;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Aṭṭhasāliniyā</span> ete, padā līnatthajotakā.</p>
<p class="gatha1"><span class="bld">Dhammamitto</span>ti nāmena, sakkaccaṃ abhiyācito;</p>
<p class="gathalast"><span class="bld">Ānando</span>iti nāmena, katā ganthā subuddhināti.</p>
<p class="centered">Iti aṭṭhasāliniyā līnatthapadavaṇṇanā</p>
<p class="centered">Dhammasaṅgaṇī-mūlaṭīkā samattā.</p>
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