/**
 * This library calculates the current phase of the moon
 * as well as finds the dates of the recent moon phases.
 *
 * Some functionality is ported from python version found here:
 * https://bazaar.launchpad.net/~keturn/py-moon-phase/trunk/annotate/head:/moon.py
 *
 * Some functionality is taken from Astronomical Algorithms, 2nd ed.
 *
 * Some functionality is taken from the US Naval Observatory, described here:
 * https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/SunApprox.php
 *
 * Author: Ryan Seys (https://github.com/ryanseys)
 * Author: Jay LaPorte (https://github.com/ironwallaby)
 */

'use strict'

const julian = require('./julian')

// Phases of the moon & precision
const NEW = 0
const FIRST = 1
const FULL = 2
const LAST = 3
const PHASE_MASK = 3

// Astronomical Constants
// Semi-major axis of Earth's orbit, in kilometers
const SUN_SMAXIS = 1.49585e8

// SUN_SMAXIS premultiplied by the angular size of the Sun from the Earth
const SUN_ANGULAR_SIZE_SMAXIS = SUN_SMAXIS * 0.533128

// Semi-major axis of the Moon's orbit, in kilometers
const MOON_SMAXIS = 384401.0

// MOON_SMAXIS premultiplied by the angular size of the Moon from the Earth
const MOON_ANGULAR_SIZE_SMAXIS = MOON_SMAXIS * 0.5181

// Synodic month (new Moon to new Moon), in days
const SYNODIC_MONTH = 29.53058868

/**
 * Convert degrees to radians
 * @param  {Number} d Angle in degrees
 * @return {Number}   Angle in radians
 */
function torad (d) {
  return (Math.PI / 180.0) * d
}

/**
 * Convert radians to degrees
 * @param  {Number} r Angle in radians
 * @return {Number}   Angle in degrees
 */
function dsin (d) {
  return Math.sin(torad(d))
}

function dcos (d) {
  return Math.cos(torad(d))
}

/**
 * Convert astronomical units to kilometers
 * @param  {Number} au Distance in astronomical units
 * @return {Number}    Distance in kilometers
 */
function tokm (au) {
  return 149597870.700 * au
}

/**
 * Finds the phase information for specific date.
 * @param  {Date}   date Date to get phase information of.
 * @return {Object}      Phase data
 */
function phase (date) {
  if (!date) {
    date = new Date()
  }
  if (!(date instanceof Date)) {
    throw new TypeError('Invalid parameter')
  }
  if (Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) {
    throw new RangeError('Invalid Date')
  }

  // t is the time in "Julian centuries" of 36525 days starting from 2000-01-01
  // (Note the 0.3 is because the UNIX epoch is on 1970-01-01 and that's 3/10th
  // of a century before 2000-01-01, which I find cute :3 )
  const t = date.getTime() * (1 / 3155760000000) - 0.3

  // lunar mean elongation (Astronomical Algorithms, 2nd ed., p. 338)
  const d = 297.8501921 + t * (445267.1114034 + t * (-0.0018819 + t * ((1 / 545868) + t * (-1 / 113065000))))

  // solar mean anomaly (p. 338)
  const m = 357.5291092 + t * (35999.0502909 + t * (-0.0001536 + t * (1 / 24490000)))

  // lunar mean anomaly (p. 338)
  const n = 134.9633964 + t * (477198.8675055 + t * (0.0087414 + t * ((1 / 69699) + t * (-1 / 14712000))))

  // derive sines and cosines necessary for the below calculations
  const sind = dsin(d)
  const sinm = dsin(m)
  const sinn = dsin(n)
  const cosd = dcos(d)
  const cosm = dcos(m)
  const cosn = dcos(n)

  // use trigonometric identities to derive the remainder of the sines and
  // cosines we need. this reduces us from needing 14 sin/cos calls to only 7,
  // and makes the lunar distance and solar distance essentially free.
  // http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Double-AngleFormulas.html
  // http://mathworld.wolfram.com/TrigonometricAdditionFormulas.html
  const sin2d = 2 * sind * cosd // sin(2d)
  const sin2n = 2 * sinn * cosn // sin(2n)
  const cos2d = 2 * cosd * cosd - 1 // cos(2d)
  const cos2m = 2 * cosm * cosm - 1 // cos(2m)
  const cos2n = 2 * cosn * cosn - 1 // cos(2n)
  const sin2dn = sin2d * cosn - cos2d * sinn // sin(2d - n)
  const cos2dn = cos2d * cosn + sin2d * sinn // cos(2d - n)

  // lunar phase angle (p. 346)
  const i = 180 - d - 6.289 * sinn + 2.100 * sinm - 1.274 * sin2dn - 0.658 * sin2d - 0.214 * sin2n - 0.110 * sind

  // fractional illumination (p. 345)
  const illumination = dcos(i) * 0.5 + 0.5

  // fractional lunar phase
  let phase = 0.5 - i * (1 / 360)
  phase -= Math.floor(phase)

  // lunar distance (p. 339-342)
  // XXX: the book is not clear on how many terms to use for a given level of
  // accuracy! I used all the easy ones that we already have for free above,
  // but I imagine this is more than necessary...
  const moonDistance = 385000.56 - 20905.355 * cosn - 3699.111 * cos2dn - 2955.968 * cos2d - 569.925 * cos2n + 108.743 * cosd

  // solar distance
  // https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/SunApprox.php
  const sunDistance = tokm(1.00014 - 0.01671 * cosm - 0.00014 * cos2m)

  return {
    phase: phase,
    illuminated: illumination,
    age: phase * SYNODIC_MONTH,
    distance: moonDistance,
    angular_diameter: MOON_ANGULAR_SIZE_SMAXIS / moonDistance,
    sun_distance: sunDistance,
    sun_angular_diameter: SUN_ANGULAR_SIZE_SMAXIS / sunDistance
  }
}

/**
 * Calculates time of the mean new Moon for a given base date.
 * This argument K to this function is the precomputed synodic month
 * index, given by:
 *   K = (year - 1900) * 12.3685
 * where year is expressed as a year and fractional year.
 * @param  {Date} sdate   Start date
 * @param  {[type]} k     [description]
 * @return {[type]}       [description]
 */
function meanphase (sdate, k) {
  // Time in Julian centuries from 1900 January 12 noon UTC
  const delta = (sdate - -2208945600000.0) / 86400000.0
  const t = delta / 36525
  return 2415020.75933 +
    SYNODIC_MONTH * k +
    (0.0001178 - 0.000000155 * t) * t * t +
    0.00033 * dsin(166.56 + (132.87 - 0.009173 * t) * t)
}

/**
 * Given a K value used to determine the mean phase of the new moon, and a
 * phase selector (0, 1, 2, 3), obtain the true, corrected phase time.
 * @param  {[type]} k      [description]
 * @param  {[type]} tphase [description]
 * @return {[type]}        [description]
 */
function truephase (k, tphase) {
  // restrict tphase to (0, 1, 2, 3)
  tphase = tphase & PHASE_MASK

  // add phase to new moon time
  k = k + 0.25 * tphase

  // Time in Julian centuries from 1900 January 0.5
  const t = (1.0 / 1236.85) * k

  // Mean time of phase
  let pt = 2415020.75933 +
    SYNODIC_MONTH * k +
    (0.0001178 - 0.000000155 * t) * t * t +
    0.00033 * dsin(166.56 + (132.87 - 0.009173 * t) * t)

  // Sun's mean anomaly
  const m = 359.2242 + 29.10535608 * k - (0.0000333 - 0.00000347 * t) * t * t

  // Moon's mean anomaly
  const mprime = 306.0253 + 385.81691806 * k + (0.0107306 + 0.00001236 * t) * t * t

  // Moon's argument of latitude
  const f = 21.2964 + 390.67050646 * k - (0.0016528 - 0.00000239 * t) * t * t

  // use different correction equations depending on the phase being sought
  switch (tphase) {
    // new and full moon use one correction
    case NEW:
    case FULL:
      pt += (0.1734 - 0.000393 * t) * dsin(m) +
        0.0021 * dsin(2 * m) -
        0.4068 * dsin(mprime) +
        0.0161 * dsin(2 * mprime) -
        0.0004 * dsin(3 * mprime) +
        0.0104 * dsin(2 * f) -
        0.0051 * dsin(m + mprime) -
        0.0074 * dsin(m - mprime) +
        0.0004 * dsin(2 * f + m) -
        0.0004 * dsin(2 * f - m) -
        0.0006 * dsin(2 * f + mprime) +
        0.0010 * dsin(2 * f - mprime) +
        0.0005 * dsin(m + 2 * mprime)
      break

    // first and last quarter moon use a different correction
    case FIRST:
    case LAST:
      pt += (0.1721 - 0.0004 * t) * dsin(m) +
        0.0021 * dsin(2 * m) -
        0.6280 * dsin(mprime) +
        0.0089 * dsin(2 * mprime) -
        0.0004 * dsin(3 * mprime) +
        0.0079 * dsin(2 * f) -
        0.0119 * dsin(m + mprime) -
        0.0047 * dsin(m - mprime) +
        0.0003 * dsin(2 * f + m) -
        0.0004 * dsin(2 * f - m) -
        0.0006 * dsin(2 * f + mprime) +
        0.0021 * dsin(2 * f - mprime) +
        0.0003 * dsin(m + 2 * mprime) +
        0.0004 * dsin(m - 2 * mprime) -
        0.0003 * dsin(2 * m + mprime)

      // the sign of the last term depends on whether we're looking for a first
      // or last quarter moon!
      const sign = (tphase < FULL) ? +1 : -1
      pt += sign * (0.0028 - 0.0004 * dcos(m) + 0.0003 * dcos(mprime))

      break
  }

  return julian.toDate(pt)
}

/**
 * Find time of phases of the moon which surround the current date.
 * Five phases are found, starting and ending with the new moons
 * which bound the current lunation.
 * @param  {Date} sdate Date to start hunting from (defaults to current date)
 * @return {Object}     Object containing recent past and future phases
 */
function phaseHunt (sdate) {
  if (!sdate) {
    sdate = new Date()
  }
  if (!(sdate instanceof Date)) {
    throw new TypeError('Invalid parameter')
  }
  if (Number.isNaN(sdate.getTime())) {
    throw new RangeError('Invalid Date')
  }

  let adate = new Date(sdate.getTime() - (45 * 86400000)) // 45 days prior
  let k1 = Math.floor(12.3685 * (adate.getFullYear() + (1.0 / 12.0) * adate.getMonth() - 1900))
  let nt1 = meanphase(adate.getTime(), k1)

  sdate = julian.fromDate(sdate)
  adate = nt1 + SYNODIC_MONTH
  let k2 = k1 + 1
  let nt2 = meanphase(adate, k2)
  while (nt1 > sdate || sdate >= nt2) {
    adate += SYNODIC_MONTH
    k1++
    k2++
    nt1 = nt2
    nt2 = meanphase(adate, k2)
  }

  return {
    new_date: truephase(k1, NEW),
    q1_date: truephase(k1, FIRST),
    full_date: truephase(k1, FULL),
    q3_date: truephase(k1, LAST),
    nextnew_date: truephase(k2, NEW)
  }
}

function phaseRange (start, end, phase) {
  if (!(start instanceof Date)) {
    throw new TypeError('First argument must be a Date object.')
  }
  if (Number.isNaN(start.getTime())) {
    throw new RangeError('First argument not a valid date.')
  }
  if (!(end instanceof Date)) {
    throw new TypeError('Second argument must be a Date object.')
  }
  if (Number.isNaN(end.getTime())) {
    throw new RangeError('Second argument not a valid date.')
  }

  if (end - start < 0) {
    let temp = end
    end = start
    start = temp
  }

  start = start.getTime()
  end = end.getTime()

  let t = start - 45 * 86400000

  let k
  {
    const d = new Date(t)
    k = Math.floor(12.3685 * (d.getFullYear() + (1.0 / 12.0) * d.getMonth() - 1900))
  }

  let date = truephase(k, phase)
  // skip every phase before starting date
  while (date.getTime() < start) {
    k++
    date = truephase(k, phase)
  }
  // add every phase before (or on!) ending date to a list, and return it
  const list = []
  while (date.getTime() <= end) {
    list.push(date)
    k++
    date = truephase(k, phase)
  }
  return list
}

exports.PHASE_NEW = NEW
exports.PHASE_FIRST = FIRST
exports.PHASE_FULL = FULL
exports.PHASE_LAST = LAST
exports.phase = phase
exports.phase_hunt = phaseHunt
exports.phase_range = phaseRange